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Silambu - Wikipedia

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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Importance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Importance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Importance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In art and literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_religion_and_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_religion_and_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In religion and rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_religion_and_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:300px;display:table;float:right"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silambu_Anklets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Silambu_Anklets.jpg/300px-Silambu_Anklets.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Silambu_Anklets.jpg/450px-Silambu_Anklets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Silambu_Anklets.jpg/600px-Silambu_Anklets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilambu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chilambu.jpg/300px-Chilambu.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chilambu.jpg/450px-Chilambu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chilambu.jpg/600px-Chilambu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaggara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gaggara.jpg/300px-Gaggara.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gaggara.jpg/450px-Gaggara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gaggara.jpg/600px-Gaggara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4150" data-file-height="2538" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="display:table-row"><div class="thumbcaption" style="display:table-cell;background-color:#F8F8FF;font-size:95%">Top to bottom:<br /> A collection of <i>Silambu</i>s from Tamil Nadu. <br /><i>Chilambu</i> used in <a href="/wiki/Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a> of Kerala.<br /> <i>Gaggara</i> used in <a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a> of Karnataka.</div></div></div></div></div></div> <p><br /> <b>Silambu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">சிலம்பு</span>; <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>: <span lang="ml">ചിലമ്പ്</span> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">/cil’əmpɨ̆/</a>), or <b>Gaggara</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>: ಗಗ್ಗರ), is an <a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">anklet</a> worn and used in a variety of contexts on the Indian subcontinent. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Jeyaraj, the word 'silambu' is derived from the verb 'silambal', meaning 'to make sound'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeyaraj199939_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeyaraj199939-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The silambu is a hollow anklet filled with beads that produce noise when the wearer moves or dances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It may be worn on the ankle or the leg. When worn on the leg, it is termed <i>kālchilambu</i> in Tamil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197623_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197623-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some varieties of silambu are made of copper and use iron balls to produce sound.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Others are made of silver.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_dance">In dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: In dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nautch" title="Nautch">Nautch</a> performers wore silambu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kandyan_dance" title="Kandyan dance">Kandyan</a> dancers may wear silambu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_art_and_literature">In art and literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: In art and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> in his dancing pose <a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">nataraja</a> sometimes wears a silambu on his ankle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg/330px-Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg/440px-Statue_of_Kannagi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>A statue of <a href="/wiki/Kannagi" title="Kannagi">Kannagi</a> holding a silambu.</figcaption></figure> <p>The epic <i><a href="/wiki/Silappatikaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Silappatikaram">Silappatikaram</a></i> is structured around the character Kannaki's attempt to sell her silambu, and takes its title from the name of the anklet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_religion_and_rituals">In religion and rituals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: In religion and rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silambu are sometimes placed on cows' legs during the <a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a> festival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197624_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197624-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In Tamil Nadu, a traditional dance called <a href="/wiki/Dance_forms_of_Tamil_Nadu#Kai_silambattam" title="Dance forms of Tamil Nadu">kai silambu aatam</a> is performed in temples during Amman festivals in which the dancers wear or hold silambus in their hands, which make noise when shaken.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Silambu is also used in ritual dance performances of southern India, such as the <a href="/wiki/Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a> region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Jewellery of Tamil Nadu">Jewellery of Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeyaraj199939-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeyaraj199939_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJeyaraj1999">Jeyaraj 1999</a>, p.&#160;39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy19766_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSambamoorthy1976">Sambamoorthy 1976</a>, p.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197623-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197623_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSambamoorthy1976">Sambamoorthy 1976</a>, p.&#160;23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBanerji1959" class="citation book cs1">Banerji, Projesh (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FolkDanceOfIndia/page/n106/mode/1up"><i>The Folk-Dance of India</i></a>. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp.&#160;189–190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Folk-Dance+of+India&amp;rft.place=Allahabad&amp;rft.pages=189-190&amp;rft.pub=Kitabistan&amp;rft.date=1959&amp;rft.aulast=Banerji&amp;rft.aufirst=Projesh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FFolkDanceOfIndia%2Fpage%2Fn106%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcuse1975" class="citation book cs1">Marcuse, Sibyl (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcu/page/476/mode/1up">"Silambu"</a>. <i>Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton &amp; Company">Norton</a>. p.&#160;476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393007589" title="Special:BookSources/9780393007589"><bdi>9780393007589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Silambu&amp;rft.btitle=Musical+Instruments%3A+A+Comprehensive+Dictionary&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=476&amp;rft.pub=Norton&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=9780393007589&amp;rft.aulast=Marcuse&amp;rft.aufirst=Sibyl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicalinstrumen00marcu%2Fpage%2F476%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravarti1944" class="citation book cs1">Chakravarti, A. (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49665/page/n69/mode/1up"><i>Jaina Literature in Tamil</i></a>. New Delhi: Bhāratīya Jñāpītha. p.&#160;51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Jaina+Literature+in+Tamil&amp;rft.place=New+Delhi&amp;rft.pages=51&amp;rft.pub=Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya+J%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%ABtha&amp;rft.date=1944&amp;rft.aulast=Chakravarti&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.49665%2Fpage%2Fn69%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.201802/page/n19/mode/1up"><i>The Śilappadikāram</i></a>. Translated by Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1939. p.&#160;1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+%C5%9Ailappadik%C4%81ram&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1939&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.201802%2Fpage%2Fn19%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197624-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESambamoorthy197624_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSambamoorthy1976">Sambamoorthy 1976</a>, p.&#160;24.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silambu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeyaraj1999" class="citation journal cs1">Jeyaraj, V. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.chennai.102/page/n50/mode/1up">"Analysis of a Bronze Anklet from Kerala"</a>. <i>Museum's Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_Museum,_Chennai" title="Government Museum, Chennai">Government Museum, Chennai</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Museum%27s+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+Bronze+Anklet+from+Kerala&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.aulast=Jeyaraj&amp;rft.aufirst=V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.chennai.102%2Fpage%2Fn50%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSambamoorthy1976" class="citation book cs1">Sambamoorthy, P. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.chennai.82"><i>Catalogue of Musical Instruments Exhibited in the Government Museum, Chennai</i></a>. Chennai: Principal Commissioner of Museums, <a href="/wiki/Government_Museum,_Chennai" title="Government Museum, Chennai">Government Museum</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Musical+Instruments+Exhibited+in+the+Government+Museum%2C+Chennai&amp;rft.place=Chennai&amp;rft.pub=Principal+Commissioner+of+Museums%2C+Government+Museum&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft.aulast=Sambamoorthy&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.chennai.82&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilambu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐dfwpk Cached time: 20241124155526 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.324 seconds Real time usage: 0.396 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1165/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19014/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2822/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21079/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.232/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 12254275/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 362.250 1 -total 33.70% 122.077 1 Template:Reflist 32.99% 119.522 2 Template:Langx 29.61% 107.257 5 Template:Cite_book 11.38% 41.210 1 Template:Cn 11.20% 40.570 2 Template:Fix 10.71% 38.807 5 Template:Sfn 6.99% 25.326 4 Template:Category_handler 5.56% 20.150 1 Template:Image_frame 3.95% 14.316 1 Template:Photomontage --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27677410-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124155526 and revision id 1253795903. 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