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<li id="toc-1922–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1922–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1922–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1922–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1945–1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1991–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9)" title="الشؤون الخارجية (مجلة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشؤون الخارجية (مجلة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="فارن افرز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فارن افرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A6%B0_%EC%96%B4%ED%8E%98%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="포린 어페어스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포린 어페어스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(rivista)" title="Foreign Affairs (rivista) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foreign Affairs (rivista)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="フォーリン・アフェアーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォーリン・アフェアーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ෆොරින් එෆයාස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෆොරින් එෆයාස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Foreign Affairs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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(<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the magazine. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Foreign_affairs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Foreign affairs (disambiguation)">Foreign affairs (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i>Foreign Affairs</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg/150px-Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg/225px-Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg/300px-Foreign_Affairs_Logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Affairs_September-October_2023_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Foreign_Affairs_September-October_2023_cover.jpg/220px-Foreign_Affairs_September-October_2023_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3a/Foreign_Affairs_September-October_2023_cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="381" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the September/October 2023 issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel Kurtz-Phelan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Categories</th><td class="infobox-data">Political science, foreign affairs, and economics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Bimonthly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation" title="List of magazines by circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">195,016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">September 15, 1922<span class="noprint">; 102 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1922-09-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com">www<wbr />.foreignaffairs<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135577#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0015-7120">0015-7120</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Foreign Affairs</b></i> is an American magazine of <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">U.S. foreign policy</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit</a>, nonpartisan, membership organization and <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> specializing in U.S. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded on 15 September 1922, the print magazine is published every two months, while the website publishes articles daily and anthologies every other month. </p><p><i>Foreign Affairs</i> is considered one of the United States' most influential foreign-policy magazines. It has published many seminal articles, including <a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George Kennan</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/X_Article" title="X Article">X Article</a>" (1947) and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Clash_of_Civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="The Clash of Civilizations">The Clash of Civilizations</a>" (1993).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huntington_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huntington-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leading academics, public officials, and members of the policy community regularly contribute to the magazine. Recent <i>Foreign Affairs</i> authors include <a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Keohane" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert O. Keohane">Robert O. Keohane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_H._Rumsfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald H. Rumsfeld">Donald H. Rumsfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashton Carter">Ashton Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_L._Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin L. Powell">Colin L. Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_J._Mearsheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. Mearsheimer">John J. Mearsheimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_McChrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley McChrystal">Stanley McChrystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill" title="Christopher R. Hill">Christopher R. Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nye" title="Joseph Nye">Joseph Nye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council on Foreign Relations, founded in the summer of 1921, primarily counted diplomats, financiers, scholars, and lawyers among its members. Its founding charter declared its purpose should be to "afford a continuous conference on international questions affecting the United States, by bringing together experts on statecraft, finance, industry, education, and science."<sup id="cite_ref-CFR_History_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFR_History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its first year, the Council engaged primarily in discourse via meetings and small discussion groups, however, eventually it decided to seek a wider audience and it began publishing <i>Foreign Affairs</i> on 15 September 1922 on a quarterly basis.<sup id="cite_ref-CFR_History_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFR_History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Council named Professor <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Cary_Coolidge" title="Archibald Cary Coolidge">Archibald Cary Coolidge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> as the journal's first <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editor</a>. As Coolidge was unwilling to move from <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> to New York, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_Armstrong" title="Hamilton Fish Armstrong">Hamilton Fish Armstrong</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> alumnus and a European correspondent of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Evening Post">New York Evening Post</a></i>, was appointed managing editor and worked New York, handling the day-to-day mechanics of publishing the journal. Armstrong chose the distinctive light blue color for the cover of the magazine, while his sisters, Margaret and Helen, designed the logo and lettering respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Foreign Affairs</i> is a successor publication of the <i>Journal of International Relations</i> (which ran from 1910 to 1922), which in turn was a successor to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Race_Development" title="Journal of Race Development">Journal of Race Development</a></i> (which ran from 1911 to 1919, the title reflecting concerns about race tensions and race "mixing" in a period when empires were beginning to be in question).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1922–1945"><span id="1922.E2.80.931945"></span>1922–1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1922–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lead article in the first issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i> was written by the former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">secretary of state</a> under <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s administration, <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a>. The article argued that the United States had become a <a href="/wiki/World_power" class="mw-redirect" title="World power">world power</a>, and that as such the general population needed to be better informed about international matters. <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, then a financial expert attached to the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, who would later become <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">secretary of state</a> under <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, also contributed an article to the inaugural issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i> on Allied debt following World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925, <i>Foreign Affairs</i> published a series of articles, entitled "Worlds of Color",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by prominent <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> intellectual <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>. DuBois, a personal friend of Armstrong, wrote mainly about race issues and imperialism. Although in the early days of publication the journal did not have many female authors, in the late 1930s American journalist for <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Thompson" title="Dorothy Thompson">Dorothy Thompson</a> would contribute articles.<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1991"><span id="1945.E2.80.931991"></span>1945–1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1945–1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kennan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kennan.jpeg/220px-Kennan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Kennan.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a> published his doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">containment</a> in the July 1947 issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The journal rose to its greatest prominence after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign relations</a> became central to <a href="/wiki/United_States_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="United States politics">United States politics</a>, and the United States became a powerful actor on the global scene. Several extremely important articles were published in <i>Foreign Affairs</i>, including the reworking of <a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Long_Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Telegram">Long Telegram</a>", which first publicized the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">containment</a> that would form the basis of American <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> policy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Halle,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Louis J. Halle, Jr.">Louis Halle</a>, a member of the U.S. Policy Planning Staff, also wrote an influential article in <i>Foreign Affairs</i> in 1950. His article, "On a Certain Impatience with Latin America", created the anticommunist intellectual framework that justified U.S. policy towards Latin America in the Cold War era. Halle's article described that the encouragement of democracy in postwar Latin America had ended. He demonstrated disgust over Latin America's inability to assume autonomy and to become democratic. His rationalization towards Latin America was later used to justify U.S. efforts to overthrow the left-leaning Guatemalan government.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eleven U.S. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">secretaries of state</a> have written essays in <i>Foreign Affairs</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991–present"><span id="1991.E2.80.93present"></span>1991–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1991–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the end of the Cold War, and especially after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a>, the journal's readership has grown significantly. As of April 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <i>Foreign Affairs</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> total readership is 303,000 for the print magazine and it has 1.2 million unique visitors per month for the website.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Summer 1993 issue, <i>Foreign Affairs</i> published <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a>'s influential "<a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a>?" article.<sup id="cite_ref-huntington_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huntington-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the article, Huntington argued that "the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural."<sup id="cite_ref-huntington_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huntington-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the November/December 2003 issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Maxwell" title="Kenneth Maxwell">Kenneth Maxwell</a> wrote a review of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kornbluh" title="Peter Kornbluh">Peter Kornbluh</a>'s book <i>The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability</i>, which gave rise to a controversy about <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>'s relationship to the regime of Chilean dictator <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a>. Maxwell claims that key <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> members, acting at Kissinger's behest, put pressure on <i>Foreign Affairs</i> editor <a href="/wiki/James_Hoge" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hoge">James Hoge</a> to give the last word in a subsequent exchange about the review to <a href="/wiki/William_D._Rogers" title="William D. Rogers">William D. Rogers</a>, a close associate of Kissinger, rather than to Maxwell; this went against established <i>Foreign Affairs</i> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FA-WhoisKham123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/FA-WhoisKham123.jpg/220px-FA-WhoisKham123.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e5/FA-WhoisKham123.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>The article "Who Is Khamenei?" by <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ganji" title="Akbar Ganji">Akbar Ganji</a>, which was published in the magazine's September/October 2013 issue, emphasized the view that the Supreme Leader is the primary decision maker in Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Then-opposition leader and former <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a> caused a stir by publishing an article entitled "Containing Russia" in the May–June 2007 issue of <i>Foreign Affairs</i> accusing Russia under <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> of expansionism and urging the rest of Europe to stand against him. Russian <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_foreign_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian foreign ministers">foreign minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> wrote an article in response, but he withdrew it, citing "censorship" from the <i>Foreign Affairs</i> editorial board. Tymoshenko's party went on to win the 2007 elections and she became Prime Minister once again.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2009, <i>Foreign Affairs</i> launched its new website, ForeignAffairs.com, which offers both print content and online-only features.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with the January/February 2013 issue, <i>Foreign Affairs</i> was redesigned including that the cover would have an image. Per <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s story on the redesign: "As part of an effort to expand its appeal beyond the foreign policy establishment, every issue of Foreign Affairs will now feature a photograph on the cover and an extensive interview with a leading newsmaker."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book_reviews">Book reviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Book reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its inception, <i>Foreign Affairs</i> has included a long book review section, typically reviewing 50 or more books per issue. The magazine's first editor, Archibald Cary Coolidge, asked his Harvard colleague, <a href="/wiki/William_L._Langer" title="William L. Langer">William L. Langer</a>, a historian and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> veteran, to run the section. Langer initially had full control over the magazine's book reviews and wrote all the reviews himself. A month before the reviews were due, the <i>Foreign Affairs</i> office in New York would ship approximately one hundred books to Langer for review and within two weeks he would return his completed reviews for the next issue.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Beginning with the first issue in 1922, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Elmer_Barnes" title="Harry Elmer Barnes">Harry Elmer Barnes</a> authored a reoccurring section titled “Some Recent Books on International Relations”. By 1924, the Foreign Affairs website lists Barnes as Bibliographical Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1930s, the review section was broken down into several categories. Currently, the <i>Foreign Affairs</i> reviews are broken down into long review essays, which are placed at the front of the books section, and the "Recent Books" section, where shorter reviews are featured. The "Recent Books" section is further broken down into the following subject categories. </p> <ul><li>Political and Legal, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/G._John_Ikenberry" class="mw-redirect" title="G. John Ikenberry">G. John Ikenberry</a></li> <li>Economic, Social, and Environmental, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Eichengreen" title="Barry Eichengreen">Barry Eichengreen</a></li> <li>Military, Scientific, and Technological, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_D._Freedman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence D. Freedman">Lawrence D. Freedman</a></li> <li>The United States, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Mathews" title="Jessica Mathews">Jessica T. Mathews</a></li> <li>Western Europe, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Moravcsik" title="Andrew Moravcsik">Andrew Moravcsik</a></li> <li>Western Hemisphere, reviewed by Richard Feinberg</li> <li>Eastern Europe and <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Former Soviet Republics</a>, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Lipman" title="Maria Lipman">Maria Lipman</a></li> <li>Middle East, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Anderson" title="Lisa Anderson">Lisa Anderson</a></li> <li>Asia and Pacific, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Nathan" title="Andrew J. Nathan">Andrew J. Nathan</a></li> <li>Africa, reviewed by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_van_de_Walle" title="Nicolas van de Walle">Nicolas van de Walle</a></li></ul> <p>The majority of the book reviews featured in the "Recent Books" section are reviewed by the same person; however, other reviewers contribute to the "Recent Books" section on occasion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Foreign Affairs</i> is considered an important forum for debate among academics and policy makers. In 1996, Deputy Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Strobe Talbott</a> noted: "Virtually everyone I know in the foreign policy-national security area of the Government is attentive to <i>Foreign Affairs</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a></i>, the journal has a 2014 <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> of 2.009, ranking it 6th out of 85 journals in the category "International Relations".<sup id="cite_ref-WoS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need more recent data (October 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editors">Editors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Daniel Kurtz-Phelan: 2021–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Rose" title="Gideon Rose">Gideon Rose</a>: 2010–2021<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Hoge,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James F. Hoge, Jr.">James F. Hoge, Jr.</a>: 1992–2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Hyland" title="William G. Hyland">William G. Hyland</a>: 1984–1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Bundy" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Bundy">William P. Bundy</a>: 1972–1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_Armstrong" title="Hamilton Fish Armstrong">Hamilton Fish Armstrong</a>: 1928–1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Cary_Coolidge" title="Archibald Cary Coolidge">Archibald Cary Coolidge</a>: 1922–1928</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/213341/Foreign-Affairs">"Foreign Affairs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Britannica.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica.com">britannica.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.btitle=britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F213341%2FForeign-Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennan1947" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">Kennan, George F.</a> (July 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1947-07-01/sources-soviet-conduct">"The Sources of Soviet Conduct"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <b>25</b> (July 1947)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Sources+of+Soviet+Conduct&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=July+1947&rft.date=1947-07&rft.aulast=Kennan&rft.aufirst=George+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Frussian-federation%2F1947-07-01%2Fsources-soviet-conduct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huntington-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-huntington_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huntington_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huntington_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntington1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington, Samuel P.</a> (Summer 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/1993-06-01/clash-civilizations">"The Clash of Civilizations?"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <b>72</b> (Summer 1993): 22–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20045621">10.2307/20045621</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045621">20045621</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Clash+of+Civilizations%3F&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=Summer+1993&rft.pages=22-49&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20045621&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20045621%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Funited-states%2F1993-06-01%2Fclash-civilizations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/author-listing/a">"Authors"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Authors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Fauthor-listing%2Fa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFR_History-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_History_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFR_History_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120821033942/http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/">"CFR History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/">the original</a> on August 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CFR+History&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fcfr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108"><i>Continuing the Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916213051/http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108">Archived</a> 2016-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pg 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108"><i>Continuing the Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916213051/http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108">Archived</a> 2016-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pg 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Bundy" title="William Bundy">Bundy, William P.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003100412/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/history">"History"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <dl><dd><dl><dd>Notes on an exhibit of materials related to the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> and <i>Foreign Affairs</i> at the Firestone Library of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, Fall 1993.</dd></dl></dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mazower" title="Mark Mazower">Mazower, Mark</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6-GAmwEACAAJ"><i>Governing the World: The History of an Idea, 1815 to the Present</i>.</a> London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. 165. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143123941" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143123941">978-0143123941</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuBois1925" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">DuBois, W. E. B.</a> (April 1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/1925-04-01/worlds-color">"Worlds of Color"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. <b>3</b> (April 1925): 423–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20028386">10.2307/20028386</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028386">20028386</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Worlds+of+Color&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=April+1925&rft.pages=423-444&rft.date=1925-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20028386&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20028386%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=DuBois&rft.aufirst=W.+E.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Funited-states%2F1925-04-01%2Fworlds-color&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoultz1998" class="citation book cs1">Schoultz, Lars (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beneathunitedsta00scho"><i>Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beneathunitedsta00scho/page/341">341–342</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-92275-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-92275-1"><bdi>0-674-92275-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beneath+the+United+States%3A+A+History+of+U.S.+Policy+toward+Latin+America&rft.place=London&rft.pages=341-342&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-674-92275-1&rft.aulast=Schoultz&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeneathunitedsta00scho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014521/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/circulation">"Circulation"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+ForeignAffairs.com&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Hoge+Jr.&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Fpress%2F2009-03-12%2Fwelcome-foreignaffairscom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byars, Dulan (December 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210814092755/https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/12/first-look-the-foreign-affairs-redesign-152375">"First Look: The <i>Foreign Affairs</i> Redesign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Foreign+Affairs+Magazine+Becoming+Harder+to+Predict&rft.pages=D1&rft.date=1998-01-12&rft.au=Robin+Pogrebin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F01%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fforeign-affairs-magazine-becoming-harder-to-predict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoS-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoS_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Journals Ranked by Impact: International Relations". <a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports"><i>2014 Journal Citation Reports</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> (Social Sciences ed.). <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Journals+Ranked+by+Impact%3A+International+Relations&rft.btitle=2014+Journal+Citation+Reports&rft.series=Web+of+Science&rft.edition=Social+Sciences&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108"><i>Continuing the Inquiry: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916213051/http://www.cfr.org/history-and-theory-of-international-relations/continuing-inquiry/p108">Archived</a> 2016-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pg 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/staff">"Staff"</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Fstaff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+Affairs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135577#P856" 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