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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Typology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Typology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Function_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Function cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_postpositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_postpositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Notable postpositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_postpositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Suffixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Locatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Locatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Subjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences_exerted_by_Mazanderani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_exerted_by_Mazanderani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Influences exerted by Mazanderani</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influences_exerted_by_Mazanderani-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influences exerted by Mazanderani subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influences_exerted_by_Mazanderani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern-day_of_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern-day_of_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Modern-day of Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-day_of_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_non-Iranian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_non-Iranian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>In non-Iranian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_non-Iranian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mazanderani language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderani" title="Mazanderani – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ማዛንደራንኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማዛንደራንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة المازندرانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة المازندرانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_mazandaran%C3%AD" title="Idioma mazandaraní – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma mazandaraní" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandaran_dili" title="Mazandaran dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mazandaran dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مازندران دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مازندران دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderan-g%C3%AD" title="Mazanderan-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mazanderan-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мазандерански език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мазандерански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderaneg" title="Mazanderaneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mazanderaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderani" title="Mazanderani – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazenisk_(sprog)" title="Mazenisk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mazenisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandaranigiella" title="Mazandaranigiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mazandaranigiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandaranische_Sprache" title="Mazandaranische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mazandaranische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF_(%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1)" title="Μαζανταρανί (γλώσσα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαζανταρανί (γλώσσα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_mazandaran%C3%AD" title="Idioma mazandaraní – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma mazandaraní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarana_lingvo" title="Mazandarana lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mazandarana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarandera" title="Mazandarandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mazandarandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان مازندرانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مازندرانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderani_bhasa" title="Mazanderani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mazanderani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarani" title="Mazandarani – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mazandarani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_mazanderani" title="Lingua mazanderani – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مازندراني – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مازندراني" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderan-ng%C3%AE" title="Mazanderan-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mazanderan-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%94%EB%8B%A4%EB%9E%80%EC%96%B4" title="마잔다란어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마잔다란어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarana_linguo" title="Mazandarana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mazandarana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mazandaran" title="Bahasa Mazandaran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Mazandaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Мазендерайнаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мазендерайнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_mazanderani" title="Lingua mazanderani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_mazenderan%C3%AE" title="Zimanê mazenderanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê mazenderanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Mazandaranica" title="Lingua Mazandaranica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Mazandaranica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazenderani%C5%B3_kalba" title="Mazenderanių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mazenderanių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1zandar%C3%A1ni_nyelv" title="Mázandaráni nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mázandaráni nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мазендерански јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мазендерански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_mazandarany" title="Fiteny mazandarany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny mazandarany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لغه طبری – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه طبری" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="مازرونی زوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مازرونی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazanderani_(taal)" title="Mazanderani (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mazanderani (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="マーザンダラーン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーザンダラーン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarani_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mazandarani (språk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mazandarani (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarani" title="Mazandarani – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mazandarani" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طبری زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طبری زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="مازندراني ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مازندراني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Mazanderani" title="Lenga Mazanderani – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_mazandera%C5%84ski" title="Język mazanderański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język mazanderański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_mazandarani" title="Língua mazandarani – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua mazandarani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мазандеранский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мазандеранский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱮᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱮᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarani_language" title="Mazandarani language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mazandarani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زمانی تەبەری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تەبەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandaranin_kieli" title="Mazandaranin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mazandaranin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazenderani" title="Mazenderani – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mazenderani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мазендерани теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мазендерани теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษามอแซนแดรอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษามอแซนแดรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони мозандаронӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони мозандаронӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2zenderanca" title="Mâzenderanca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mâzenderanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мазандеранська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мазандеранська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طبری زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبری زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Mazandaran" title="Tiếng Mazandaran – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Mazandaran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9E%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="马赞德兰语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马赞德兰语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B4%8A%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="馬贊德蘭文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬贊德蘭文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazenderanki" title="Mazenderanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mazenderanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9E%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="马赞德兰语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马赞德兰语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mazanderani" title="Bahasa Mazanderani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Mazanderani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Mazandarani</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><span lang="mzn" dir="rtl">مازِرونی‎</span></span> (<span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">Mazeruni</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><span lang="mzn" dir="rtl">تَبَری</span></span> (<span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">Tabari</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png/200px-Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png/300px-Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png/400px-Mazanderani_in_Nastaliq.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="725" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Mazanderani (Mazeruni) written in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a> script. (مازِرونی)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Iran (Province of <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a> and parts of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qazvin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazvin Province">Qazvin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Semnan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Semnan Province">Semnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">South coast of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4.6 million <a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_people" title="Mazanderani people">Mazanderani</a> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1.36 million (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Iranian languages">Northwestern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_languages" title="Caspian languages">Caspian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Mazandarani</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Gorgani-Mazandarani (East)</li> <li>Katuli-Mazandarani (East)</li> <li>Tabari-Mazandarani (Center)</li> <li>Kojuri-Mazandarani (West)</li> <li>Kelarestaqi-Mazandarani (West)</li> <li>Gilaki-Mazandarani (West)</li> <li>Galeshi-Mazandarani (South)</li> <li>Taleqani-Mazandarani (South)</li> <li>Shahmirzadi (South)</li> <li>Ilikaei (South)</li> <li>Qasrani (South)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">None. However, the Linguistic faculty of Mazandaran University officially gathers materials and resources about the language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Either:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mzn" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mzn">mzn</a></code> – Mazandarani<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/srz" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:srz">srz</a></code> – Shahmirzadi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maza1305">maza1305</a></code>  Mazanderani–Shahmirzadi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/9250">Shahmirzadi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazandarani_Language_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Mazandarani_Language_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="293" height="387" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Areas where Mazandarani is spoken as the mother tongue</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Mazandarani</b> (Mazanderani: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مازِرونی</span></span>, <i>Mazeruni</i>; also spelled <b>Mazani</b> (<span title="Mazanderani-language text"><span lang="mzn" dir="rtl">مازنی</span></span>) or <b>Tabari</b> (<span title="Mazanderani-language text"><span lang="mzn" dir="rtl">تبری</span></span>); also called <b>Geleki</b>, <b>Tati</b> & <b>Galeshi</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian language">Iranian language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Iranian languages">Northwestern branch</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Mazandarani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandarani people">Mazandarani people</a>. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 1.36 million native speakers. The language appears to be decreasing, as it is threatened, and due to the majority of its speakers shifting to <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of the Northwestern branch (the northern branch of Western Iranian), etymologically speaking, it is rather closely related to <a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a> and also related to <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, which belongs to the Southwestern branch. Though the Persian language has influenced Mazandarani to a great extent, Mazandarani still survives as an independent language with a northwestern Iranian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazandarani is closely related to Gilaki, and the two languages have similar vocabularies.<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary_of_Languages_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Languages-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gilaki and Mazandarani languages (but not other Iranian languages)<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> share certain <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">typological</a> features with <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian languages">Caucasian languages</a> (specifically the non-Indo-European <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="South Caucasian languages">South Caucasian languages</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grolier_Incorporated_page_294_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grolier_Incorporated_page_294-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D.Stilo_pages_137-185_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D.Stilo_pages_137-185-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflecting the history, ethnic identity, and close relatedness to the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasian peoples</a> of Mazandaranis and <a href="/wiki/Gilak_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilak people">Gilak people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borjian2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borjian2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 295">: 295 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Mazanderani</i> (and variants of it) derives from the name of the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a> (<i>Mazerun</i> in Mazanderani), which was part of former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tapuria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Tapuria">Kingdom of Tapuria</a>. People traditionally call their language <i>Tabari</i>, as the Tabari themselves do.<sup id="cite_ref-Borjian2004_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borjian2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 289–291">: 289–291 </span></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Tapuri</i> / <i>Tabari</i> (which was the name of an ancient language spoken somewhere in former Tapuria) is now used in preference to the name <i>Mazandarani</i> by the young. </p><p>However, both Gilan and Mazanderan formed part of the state known as Tapuria. </p><p>The earliest references to the language of Mazandaran, called Tabari, are to be found in the works of the early Muslim geographers. <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqdisi" title="Al-Maqdisi">Al-Muqaddasī</a> (or Moqaisi, 10th century), for example, notes: "The languages of <a href="/wiki/Qumis_(region)" title="Qumis (region)">Komish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gurgan</a> are similar, they use <i>hā</i>, as in <i>hā-dih</i> and <i>hāk-un</i>, and they are sweet [to the ear], related to them is the language of Tabaristan, [similar] save for its speediness."<sup id="cite_ref-Borjian2004_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borjian2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 291">: 291 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the living <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>, Mazanderani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a> in the centuries after the Arab invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rich literature of this language includes books such as <i><a href="/wiki/Marzban_Nameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marzban Nameh">Marzban Nameh</a></i> (later translated into Persian) and the poetry of Amir Pazevari. Use of Mazanderani, however, has been in decline for some time. Its literary and administrative prominence had begun to diminish in favor of Persian by the time of the integration of <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a> into the national administration in the early seventeenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-M._Borjian_2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Borjian_2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mazanderani language is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a> and the two languages have similar vocabularies. In 1993, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>, there were three million native Mazanderani speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-e18_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dialects of Mazanderani are Saravi, Amoli, Baboli, Ghaemshahri, Chaloosi, Nuri, Shahsavari, Ghasrani, Shahmirzadi, Damavandi, Firoozkoohi, Astarabadi and Katouli. </p><p>The native people of <a href="/wiki/Sari,_Iran" title="Sari, Iran">Sari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qaem_Shahr" title="Qaem Shahr">Shahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babol" title="Babol">Babol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowshahr" title="Nowshahr">Nowshahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalus,_Iran" title="Chalus, Iran">Chalus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tonekabon" title="Tonekabon">Tonekabon</a> are Mazanderani people and speak the Mazanderani language.<sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Windfuhr_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windfuhr-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_,_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mazandaranis in Iran"><img alt="Mazandaranis in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png/300px-Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png/450px-Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png/600px-Map_of_Mazandarani-inhabited_provinces_of_Iran_%2C_according_to_a_poll_in_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Mazandaranis in Iran</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Caspian_Language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_Caspian_Language.png/220px-Map_of_Caspian_Language.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_Caspian_Language.png/330px-Map_of_Caspian_Language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_Caspian_Language.png/440px-Map_of_Caspian_Language.png 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Map depicting areas where the various dialects of Mazandarani are spoken</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg/300px-Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg/450px-Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg/600px-Linguistic_Map_of_Mazandaran_Province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Linguistic Map of Mazandaran Province</figcaption></figure> <p>Mazanderani is an <a href="/wiki/Inflected" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflected">inflected</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genderless_language" title="Genderless language">genderless language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is SOV, but in some tenses it may be SVO, depending on the particular dialect involved.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typology">Typology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Typology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morphology">Morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just as in other modern <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>, there is no distinction between the dative and accusative cases, and the nominative in the sentence takes almost no indicators but may be inferred from word order (depending on dialect it may end in a/o/e). Since Mazanderani lacks <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">articles</a>, there is no inflection for nouns in the sentence (no modifications for nouns). For definition, nouns take the suffix <i>e</i> (<i>me dətere</i> meaning <i>The daughter of mine</i> while <i>me dəter</i> means <i>my daughter</i>). The indefinite article for single nouns is <i>a-tā</i> with <i>tā</i> for determination of number (<i>a-tā kijā</i> meaning <i>a girl</i>). There exist some remnants of old Mazanderani indicating that, in the nominative case, female nouns used to end in <i>a</i>, while male nouns ended in <i>e</i> (as in <i>jənā</i> meaning <i>the woman</i> and <i>mərdē</i> meaning <i>the man</i>). Grammatical gender is still present in certain modern languages closely related to Mazandarani such as <a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sangesari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangesari language">Sangesari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zazaki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zazaki language">Zazaki</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Function_cases">Function cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Function cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sere -(a/o/e) </td> <td>Nominative </td> <td>The Home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere re </td> <td>Accusative </td> <td>(Action) the Home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere -(o/e) </td> <td>Vocative </td> <td>Home! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere şe </td> <td>Genitive </td> <td>Home's </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere re </td> <td>Dative </td> <td>To the Home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sere ye jä </td> <td>Ablative/Instrumental </td> <td>By the Home </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Adjective </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>And-e Sere </td> <td>Applicative </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gat e Sere </td> <td>Comparative </td> <td>Great Home </td></tr> <tr> <td>untä Sere </td> <td>Determinative </td> <td>That Home </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_postpositions">Notable postpositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable postpositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adpositions in Mazanderani are after words, while most of other languages including English and Persian have preposition systems in general. The only common postpositions that sometimes become preposition are <i>Še</i> and <i>tā</i>. Frequently used postpositions are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>postposition</th> <th>meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>dəle</td> <td>in </td></tr> <tr> <td>re</td> <td>of / to </td></tr> <tr> <td>je</td> <td>from / by </td></tr> <tr> <td>vəse</td> <td>for </td></tr> <tr> <td>tā</td> <td>to </td></tr> <tr> <td>həmrā / jā</td> <td>with </td></tr> <tr> <td>səri</td> <td>on / above </td></tr> <tr> <td>bəne</td> <td>under / below </td></tr> <tr> <td>pəli</td> <td>near / about </td></tr> <tr> <td>vāri/ tarā</td> <td>like </td></tr> <tr> <td>derū</td> <td>among / inside </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffixes">Suffixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below is a sample list obtained from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518152850/http://www.tabarestan.ir/">Online Mazanderani-Persian dictionary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Locatives">Locatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Locatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix </th> <th>Example </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kash </td> <td>Kharkash </td> <td>Good place </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kel </td> <td>Tutkel </td> <td>Mulberry limit<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ij </td> <td>Yoshij </td> <td>Yoshian </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bun </td> <td>Chenarbon </td> <td>At the plantain<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ja </td> <td>Səre Ja </td> <td>Relating to home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sar </td> <td>Bənesar </td> <td>Underneath </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subjectives">Subjectives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix </th> <th>Example </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chaf </td> <td>Au Chaf </td> <td>Water-sucker </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rush </td> <td>Halikrush </td> <td>Berry-seller </td></tr> <tr> <td>Su </td> <td>Vərgsu </td> <td>Wolf-hunter </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaf </td> <td>Ukaf </td> <td>One who performs actions in water </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vej </td> <td>Galvej </td> <td>Mouse-finder </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yel </td> <td>vəngyel </td> <td>Bandmaster </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span>/ may also range to near-open [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span>] or a more back [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʌ</span>]. Allophones of /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e,<span class="wrap"> </span>u,<span class="wrap"> </span>o,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑ</span>/ are heard as [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɪ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɒ</span>]. /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span>/ can also be heard as [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span>] or [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɐ</span>]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th>(<a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" title="Palato-alveolar consonant">Palato-</a>)<a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" title="Palato-alveolar consonant"><br />alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>~(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Tap/Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span>/ appears as an allophone of /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span>/ in word-final position. /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>/ may appear as a voiceless trill in word-final position [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r̥</span>]. An occasional glottal stop /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ</span>/ or voiceless uvular fricative /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʁ</span>/ or voiced plosive /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɢ</span>/ may also be heard, depending on the dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazanderani is commonly written in the <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some use the <a href="/wiki/Roman_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman alphabet">Roman alphabet</a>, for example in SMS messages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spoken in a territory sheltered by the high Alborz mountains, Mazanderani preserves many ancient Indo-European words no longer in common use in modern <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. Listed below are a few common Mazanderani words of archaic, Indo-European provenance with Vedic cognates. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 88%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <th>Mazanderani </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> </th> <th>Example of </th></tr> <tr> <td>new </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">neo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">no</i></span> / <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">now</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">návas </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*néwos</span></span> </td> <td><b>adjective</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>great </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gat</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">bozorg</i></span>, <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">gozorg</i></span>, <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">gonde</i></span>, <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">got</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>adjective</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>better </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">better</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">behtar</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>adverb</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>been </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">bine</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">budeh</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>auxiliary verb</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>being </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">bien</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">budan</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">bhū- </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*bʰuH-</span></span> </td> <td><b>infinitive of verb</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>father </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">piar</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">pedar</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mother </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">mâr</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">mâdar</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>brother </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">berar</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">barâdar</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>daughter </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">deter</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">dokhtar</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">dúhitā </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*dʰugh₂tḗr</span></span> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>grandpa </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gatepa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">pedar bozorg / pedar gozorg</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>moon </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">moong</i></span> / <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">mong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">mâh</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">mā́s </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*mḗh₁n̥s</span></span> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>cow </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">go</i></span> / <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gu</i></span> / <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">guw</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">gâv</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">gáuṣ </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*gʷṓws</span></span> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>wolf </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">verg</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">gorg</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>my </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">me</i></span> / <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">mi</i></span> (before the noun) </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">am</i></span> (after the noun), <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">om</i></span> </td> <td lang="vsn-Latn" style="font-style:italic;">máma </td> <td><span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine">*méne</span></span> </td> <td><b>verb</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gab </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gab</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">gap</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>verb</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>right </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">rast</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">râst</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>adjective</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>damage </td> <td><span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">damej</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">âsib</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>noun</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mazandarani is rich in <a href="/wiki/Synonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyms">synonyms</a>, some such nouns also retaining the gender they possessed in Indo-European times: for instance the words <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">miš</i></span>, <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gal</i></span>, <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gerz</i></span> all have the meaning of <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mouse</a>, although they are not all of the same gender. While many Indo-Iranian languages use a masculine noun taking such related forms as <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">muš</i></span> or <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">muska</i></span> or <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">mušk</i></span>, in Mazandarani the most commonly used name for the mouse is the feminine noun <span title="Mazanderani-language text"><i lang="mzn-Latn">gal</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (May 2015)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another example relates to the cow, the most important animal in the symbolism of Indo-European culture: in Mazanderani there are more than 1000 recognized words used for different types of cow. The table below lists some specimens of this rich vocabulary. In Mazandaran there are even contests held to determine those with the greatest knowledge of this bovine nomenclature. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Mazanderani name </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Mazanderani name </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>ahl </td> <td>Bull subdued<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>nū dūş </td> <td>Young plough bull used for the first time </td></tr> <tr> <td>āhy </td> <td>Black-eyed cow </td> <td>paei varzā </td> <td>Single bull used for ploughing </td></tr> <tr> <td>alaşt </td> <td>Miner's tool, ending in two wooden arcs </td> <td>parū </td> <td>Cattle for ploughing </td></tr> <tr> <td>baKhte bāri </td> <td>Bullock and traces </td> <td>raji </td> <td>A cow that is ready to mate </td></tr> <tr> <td>bāreng </td> <td>Reddish-brown cow </td> <td>raş go </td> <td>Crimson cow with black spots </td></tr> <tr> <td>batkoniye </td> <td>Castrated male bovine cattle to eliminate it from washing down<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>raş jūnkā </td> <td>Young bull with red and black streaks </td></tr> <tr> <td>būr gele </td> <td>Yellow / red cow </td> <td>raş kamer </td> <td>Brown-and-white cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>būr şāx </td> <td>Sharp, red points of a cow's horns </td> <td>sārū </td> <td>Bull with a white forehead </td></tr> <tr> <td>būrek </td> <td>Light yellow bull </td> <td>sārū </td> <td>Bull with a white forehead </td></tr> <tr> <td>būreng </td> <td>Blonde cow </td> <td>şelāb beze gozūr </td> <td>The new wide calf rain caused a sharp volley crumbled<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>būrmango </td> <td>Fawn cow </td> <td>selnāz </td> <td>Cow streaked with white from nose to tail </td></tr> <tr> <td>das kare </td> <td>Place where bull fights held </td> <td>sembe band </td> <td>Ox bearing a wooden yoke </td></tr> <tr> <td>de jet </td> <td>Rust-coloured cow killed by two bulls </td> <td>serxe sel </td> <td>Red cow with a white stripe from neck to tail </td></tr> <tr> <td>demes mār </td> <td>Cow with a two-year-old calf </td> <td>setāre </td> <td>Black-and-white-spotted cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>demis mār </td> <td>Two-year-old bull calf </td> <td>seyā bare </td> <td>Black cow with a white forehead. </td></tr> <tr> <td>dūşt hākerden </td> <td>Provoke a bull to attack </td> <td>seyā kachal </td> <td>Black cow with black spots on the tail end of the frontal<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>elā elā şāğ </td> <td>Cow with horns growing in opposite directions </td> <td>seyā sel </td> <td>Black cow with a white line running along its spine to its tail </td></tr> <tr> <td>elā kal </td> <td>Cow with large open horns </td> <td>seyel </td> <td>White-bellied cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>elā şiro </td> <td>Cow with spreading horns </td> <td>şir vej </td> <td>Gelded calf or bull </td></tr> <tr> <td>elāşāx </td> <td>A bull that has large open horns </td> <td>şirū </td> <td>A cow with a white head and tail </td></tr> <tr> <td>emūj </td> <td>Ox that once trained for ploughing </td> <td>şūkā </td> <td>Pale yellow cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>eşte </td> <td>Pair of cows for work </td> <td>tā şū </td> <td>Miner's cow, only to be closed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ezāli </td> <td>Cow that is bred to plough </td> <td>tağr in </td> <td>Pair of four-year-old cows inseminated naturally </td></tr> <tr> <td>fal </td> <td>Cow ready for mating </td> <td>tal go </td> <td>A cow that is ready for ploughing </td></tr> <tr> <td>fares </td> <td>Ox that has not been taught to portage </td> <td>tāle mār </td> <td>Cow with bells hung around his neck </td></tr> <tr> <td>ğalfer </td> <td>Bovine of a yellowish colour </td> <td>tarise </td> <td>Cow whose first calf is female and has reached two years of age </td></tr> <tr> <td>jandek </td> <td>Bull bison that used for mating </td> <td>tersekā </td> <td>Two-and-a-half-year-old cow that is ready to mate </td></tr> <tr> <td>jānekā </td> <td>Strong, young bull left ungelded for the purposes of breeding or combat </td> <td>teş kūle </td> <td>A young bull </td></tr> <tr> <td>jinekā </td> <td>Young bull </td> <td>teşk </td> <td>Young bull that is not yet ready for ploughing </td></tr> <tr> <td>jonde kā sare </td> <td>Place where young bulls and breeding cattle are raised </td> <td>teşkel </td> <td>Small bull </td></tr> <tr> <td>jone kā kole </td> <td>Bullock less than two years old that has done no work </td> <td>titāppeli mango </td> <td>Black and white cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>jūndekā </td> <td>Bullock more than two years old that has done no work </td> <td>tolom </td> <td>Young cow - heifer </td></tr> <tr> <td>jūnekkā </td> <td>Young bulls </td> <td>tūz kel </td> <td>bull </td></tr> <tr> <td>jūnekkā jang </td> <td>Quarrel between young bulls </td> <td>varzā </td> <td>Bullock </td></tr> <tr> <td>Khāmod </td> <td>Ox plough </td> <td>xāl dār </td> <td>Bovine with bicoloured coat </td></tr> <tr> <td>lāch kal </td> <td>Cow with open horns </td> <td>xes xesi go </td> <td>A cow that lies down on the ground while working </td></tr> <tr> <td>lachchi </td> <td>Open cow horns that grow in opposite directions </td> <td>xetūr </td> <td>Alarmed cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>lase sar gū </td> <td>Cow that goes to everyone </td> <td>xik chaf </td> <td>A cow that refuses to give milk to calves or its owner </td></tr> <tr> <td>lūş beni </td> <td>Bridegroom's gift cow </td> <td>zām borde </td> <td>Cow missed after giving birth </td></tr> <tr> <td>māgū </td> <td>A cow </td> <td>zanā gū </td> <td>Cow fighting with its horns </td></tr> <tr> <td>mango </td> <td>Relating to lactating cows </td> <td>zar xāl </td> <td>Black cow with yellow spots </td></tr> <tr> <td>mārşan </td> <td>Young cow </td> <td>zargele </td> <td>Yellow cow </td></tr> <tr> <td>mārū </td> <td>Cow with a white forehead </td> <td>zemessūni kar </td> <td>Cow that leans due to food shortages in the winter </td></tr> <tr> <td>merem </td> <td>Lovely young cow </td> <td>zingāl </td> <td>Black cow with white legs </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_exerted_by_Mazanderani">Influences exerted by Mazanderani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Influences exerted by Mazanderani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern-day_of_Iran">Modern-day of Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Modern-day of Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Iran, there are some popular companies and products, like Rika (boy) or Kija (girl), which take their name from Mazanderani words.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_non-Iranian_languages">In non-Iranian languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In non-Iranian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following verses are in an eastern Mazandarani dialect spoken in the Caspian littoral in northern Iran. They were transcribed and translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryam_Borjian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryam Borjian (page does not exist)">Maryam Borjian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habib_Borjian" title="Habib Borjian">Habib Borjian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Borjian2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borjian2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="mzn" class="poem"> <p>bεlεndi níš<sup>tε</sup>mε vεlεnd-e nεfār-ε<br /> bεlbεl xavεr biārdε nо̄bεhār ε<br /> dār-e čel-ču-rε bā<sup>u</sup>r ánde nέnāle<br /> batεrkessέ dεl dā́rmo qam-e yār-ε </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>I was sitting [on] the heights, on the lofty <i>nefār</i>;<br /> The nightingale brought the news that it is early spring.<br /> Tell the tree branches not to lament so much,<br /> I have a blasted heart for the care of the beloved. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="mzn" class="poem"> <p>bεlεnd-e bālxεnε, bεlεnd-e lamε<br /> vέne sar ništ bío Āl-e Mohammεd<br /> har ki mεn o tέrε bázunε tomεt<br /> vεšúnnε bákuše Darviš Mohammεd </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>The lofty balcony, the long mat;<br /> On its top had sat the Dynasty of Muhammad.<br /> Whoever lay the blame on you and me,<br /> May Dervish Muhammad kill him (lit. 'them')! </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In dates given below, A.P. denotes the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian calendar</a>, the solar calendar (365 days per year) which is official in Iran and Afghanistan. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mzn">Mazandarani</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/srz">Shahmirzadi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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New York: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tc.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/home.htm">Society for International Education</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727230834/http://www.tc.edu/students/sie/LCEjr05/home.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Teachers College, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. pp. 65–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e18-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/mzn/">Mazanderani language</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maza1291">"Spoken L1 Language: Mazanderani"</a>. <i>Glottolog 4.6</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog+4.6&rft.atitle=Spoken+L1+Language%3A+Mazanderani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fmaza1291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Windfuhr-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Windfuhr_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindfuhr,_G._L.1989" class="citation book cs1">Windfuhr, G. L. (1989). "New Iranian languages: Overview". In Rüdiger Schmitt (ed.). <i>Compendium linguarum Iranicarum</i>. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. p. 490.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Iranian+languages%3A+Overview&rft.btitle=Compendium+linguarum+Iranicarum&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=490&rft.pub=L.+Reichert&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Windfuhr%2C+G.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fakhr-Rohani, Muhammad-Reza. 2004. She means only her 'husband': politeness strategies amongst Mazanderani-speaking <a href="/wiki/Rural_women" title="Rural women">rural women</a>. (Conference abstract) CLPG Conference, University of Helsinki, Finland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nord.helsinki.fi/clpg/CLPG/Muhammed-Reza%20Fakhr-Rohani.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johanson, Lars. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YB1UWaDMCKcC&dq=mazanderani&pg=PA310">Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas Historical and Linguistic Aspects.</a> Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Csató, Éva Ágnes, Bo Isaksson, and Carina Jahani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjWoG6XDKNIC&q=verb&pg=PT41">Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion: Case Studies from Iranian, Semitic and Turkic.</a> London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoshie, Satoko. 1996. <i>Sārī Dialect</i>. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. Series: Iranian Studies; 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShokriJahaniBarani2013" class="citation book cs1">Shokri, Guiti; Jahani, Carina; Barani, Hossein (2013). <i>When Tradition Meets Modernity: Five Life Stories from the Galesh Community in Ziarat, Golestan, Iran</i>. Uppsala Universitet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Tradition+Meets+Modernity%3A+Five+Life+Stories+from+the+Galesh+Community+in+Ziarat%2C+Golestan%2C+Iran&rft.pub=Uppsala+Universitet&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Shokri&rft.aufirst=Guiti&rft.au=Jahani%2C+Carina&rft.au=Barani%2C+Hossein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2019" class="citation book cs1">Borjian, Habib (2019). <i>The Mazandarani Dialect of Kalijān Rostāq</i>. Iranian Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mazandarani+Dialect+of+Kalij%C4%81n+Rost%C4%81q&rft.pub=Iranian+Studies&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.language-keyboard.com/resource/indo-euro/mazanderani.htm">"language-keyboard.com - language-keyboard Resources and Information"</a>. <i>www.language-keyboard.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.language-keyboard.com&rft.atitle=language-keyboard.com+-+language-keyboard+Resources+and+Information.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.language-keyboard.com%2Fresource%2Findo-euro%2Fmazanderani.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFبهشهر" class="citation web cs1">بهشهر, شهرداری. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.behshahr.ir">"شهرداری بهشهر"</a>. <i>www.behshahr.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.behshahr.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1&rft.aulast=%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1&rft.aufirst=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.behshahr.ir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasri-Ashrafi, Jahangir-e (ed.). <i>Farhang-e vāžegān-e Tabarī</i> [A Dictionary of Tabari]. v. 5, p. 5, Tehran: Eḥyā’-ketāb”: 2002/1381 A.P. A comparative glossary containing lexical units from almost all major urban and rural centers of the region of the three provinces of <a href="/wiki/Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan">Gilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan</a>. Reviewed in <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>, 2006, 10(2). Volume 4 contains a Persian-Mazanderani index of approximately 190 pp. Volume 5 includes a grammar of the Mazanderani language.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borjian2007-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Borjian2007_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjianBorjian2007" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib; Borjian, Maryam (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/17787724">"Mysterious Memories of a Woman: Ethno-Linguistic Materials from Rural Mazandaran"</a>. <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 226–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338407X265469">10.1163/157338407X265469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Mysterious+Memories+of+a+Woman%3A+Ethno-Linguistic+Materials+from+Rural+Mazandaran&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=226-254&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338407X265469&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rft.au=Borjian%2C+Maryam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F17787724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2006" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib (2006). "The Oldest Known Texts in New Tabari: The Collection of Aleksander Chodzko". <i>Archiv Orientální</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 153–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+Orient%C3%A1ln%C3%AD&rft.atitle=The+Oldest+Known+Texts+in+New+Tabari%3A+The+Collection+of+Aleksander+Chodzko&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-171&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2006" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib (2006). "A Mazanderani account of the Babi Incident at Shaikh Tabarsi". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 381–400. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210860600808227">10.1080/00210860600808227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Mazanderani+account+of+the+Babi+Incident+at+Shaikh+Tabarsi&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=381-400&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210860600808227&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2006" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib (2006). "Textual sources for the study of Tabari language. I. Old documents". <i>Guyesh-shenâsi</i>. <b>4</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guyesh-shen%C3%A2si&rft.atitle=Textual+sources+for+the+study+of+Tabari+language.+I.+Old+documents&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib (2008). "Tabarica II: Some Mazanderani Verbs". <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 73–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338408X326217">10.1163/157338408X326217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Tabarica+II%3A+Some+Mazanderani+Verbs&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-82&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338408X326217&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib (2008). "Two Mazanderani Texts from the Nineteenth Century". <i>Studia Iranica</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 7–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2143%2FSI.37.1.2032296">10.2143/SI.37.1.2032296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Two+Mazanderani+Texts+from+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-50&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2143%2FSI.37.1.2032296&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjianBorjian2007" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib; Borjian, Maryam (2007). "Ethno-Linguistic Materials from Rural Mazandaran: Mysterious Memories of a Woman". <i>Iran and the Caucasus</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 226–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338407X265469">10.1163/157338407X265469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Ethno-Linguistic+Materials+from+Rural+Mazandaran%3A+Mysterious+Memories+of+a+Woman&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=226-254&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338407X265469&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rft.au=Borjian%2C+Maryam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorjianBorjian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Borjian, Habib; Borjian, Maryam (2008). "The Last Galesh Herdsman: Ethno-Linguistic Materials from South Caspian Rainforests". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>41</b> (3): 365–402. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210860801981336">10.1080/00210860801981336</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162393586">162393586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Last+Galesh+Herdsman%3A+Ethno-Linguistic+Materials+from+South+Caspian+Rainforests&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-402&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210860801981336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162393586%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Borjian&rft.aufirst=Habib&rft.au=Borjian%2C+Maryam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Coq1989" class="citation book cs1">Le Coq, P. (1989). "Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord-ouest de l'Iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). <i>Compendium linguarum Iranicarum</i>. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. pp. 296–312.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+dialects+Caspiens+et+les+dialects+du+nord-ouest+de+l%27Iran&rft.btitle=Compendium+linguarum+Iranicarum&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=296-312&rft.pub=L.+Reichert&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Le+Coq&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNawata1984" class="citation book cs1">Nawata, Tetsuo (1984). <i>Māzandarāni</i>. Asian and African Grammatical Manual. Vol. 17. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C4%81zandar%C4%81ni&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.series=Asian+and+African+Grammatical+Manual&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Languages+and+Cultures+of+Asia+and+Africa&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Nawata&rft.aufirst=Tetsuo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShokri1990" class="citation journal cs1">Shokri, Giti (1990). "Verb Structure in Sāri dialect". <i>Farhang</i>. <b>6</b>. Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies: 217–231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Farhang&rft.atitle=Verb+Structure+in+S%C4%81ri+dialect&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=217-231&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Shokri&rft.aufirst=Giti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShokri1995" class="citation book cs1">Shokri, Giti (1995). <i>Sārī Dialect</i>. Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C4%81r%C4%AB+Dialect&rft.place=Tehran&rft.pub=Institute+for+Humanities+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Shokri&rft.aufirst=Giti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShokri2006" class="citation book cs1">Shokri, Giti (2006). <i>Ramsarī Dialect</i>. Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramsar%C4%AB+Dialect&rft.place=Tehran&rft.pub=Institute+for+Humanities+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Shokri&rft.aufirst=Giti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshie1996" class="citation book cs1">Yoshie, Satoko (1996). <i>Sārī Dialect</i>. Iranian Studies. Vol. 10. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C4%81r%C4%AB+Dialect&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.series=Iranian+Studies&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+Languages+and+Cultures+of+Asia+and+Africa&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Yoshie&rft.aufirst=Satoko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazanderani+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazanderani_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mzn:"> Mazanderani edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323041456/http://www.iranianlinguistics.org/index.cgi">Society for Iranian Linguistics</a>. Among other services, archives PDFs of articles from linguistics journals, including those written in Persian.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihcs.ac.ir/">Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies</a>, Tehran.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08101">Audio recordings available for Mazanderani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518152850/http://www.tabarestan.ir/">Dictionary of Mazanderani, with translations into Saravi, Baboli, and Amoli dialects</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Iran" title="Template:Languages of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Languages of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iran" title="Languages of Iran">Languages of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazanderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_Romani" title="Zargari Romani">Zargari Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_languages" title="Template talk:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Old_Iranian" title="Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Middle_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Middle Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#New_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">New Iranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani_language" title="Rushani language">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi_language" title="Sanglechi language">Sanglechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi_language" title="Bartangi language">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshori_dialect" title="Oroshori dialect">Oroshori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanji_language" title="Vanji language">Vanji</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazghulami_language" title="Yazghulami language">Yazghulami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachi_language" title="Parachi language">Parachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pashto" title="Central Pashto">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pashto" title="Northern Pashto">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pashto" title="Southern Pashto">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarghulami" title="Sarghulami">Sarghulami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a></i> <ul><li><i>Alanian</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_Ossetian" title="Digor Ossetian">Digor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ossetian" title="Iron Ossetian">Iron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jassic_dialect" title="Jassic dialect">Jassic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtiani_language" title="Ashtiani language">Ashtiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makrani_dialect" title="Makrani dialect">Makrani</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daylami_language" title="Daylami language">Daylami</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Fars" title="Dialects of Fars">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgani_language" title="Gorgani language">Gorgani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karingani_language" title="Karingani language">Karingani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordali_language" title="Kordali language">Kordali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazanderani</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabaroid_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabaroid dialects (page does not exist)">Tabaroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Median_language" title="Median language">Median</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_languages" title="Semnani languages">Semnani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasgerdi_language" title="Lasgerdi language">Lasgerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangsari_language" title="Sangsari language">Sangsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorkhei_language" title="Sorkhei language">Sorkhei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatoid_dialects" title="Tatoid dialects">Tatoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari_language" title="Zoroastrian Dari language">Zoroastrian Dari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_language" title="Bashkardi language">Bashkardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmsiri_language" title="Garmsiri language">Garmsiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhmareyi_language" title="Kuhmareyi language">Kuhmareyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_language" title="Kumzari language">Kumzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_dialect" title="Bakhtiari dialect">Bakhtiari</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavani_language" title="Pahlavani language">Pahlavani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Caucasian Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct</a> or <a href="/wiki/Historical_language" title="Historical language">historical languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table 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