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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Llengua_i_distribució" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llengua_i_distribució"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Llengua i distribució</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llengua_i_distribució-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'origen_de_la_qüestió_kurda_a_l'Orient_Mitjà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'origen_de_la_qüestió_kurda_a_l'Orient_Mitjà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'origen de la qüestió kurda a l'Orient Mitjà</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-L'origen_de_la_qüestió_kurda_a_l'Orient_Mitjà-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció L'origen de la qüestió kurda a l'Orient Mitjà</span> </button> <ul id="toc-L'origen_de_la_qüestió_kurda_a_l'Orient_Mitjà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-El_tractat_de_Sèvres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_tractat_de_Sèvres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>El tractat de Sèvres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_tractat_de_Sèvres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_lluita_turca_d'independència" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_lluita_turca_d'independència"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>La lluita turca d'independència</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_lluita_turca_d'independència-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fets_de_la_història_moderna_kurda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fets_de_la_història_moderna_kurda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fets de la història moderna kurda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fets_de_la_història_moderna_kurda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personatges_kurds_que_han_destacat_en_la_història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personatges_kurds_que_han_destacat_en_la_història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personatges kurds que han destacat en la història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personatges_kurds_que_han_destacat_en_la_història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurds</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 115 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Курдхэр - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Курдхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerde" title="Koerde - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koerde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdos" title="Kurdos - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kurdos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="كرد - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܥܡܐ ܩܪܕܘܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܡܐ ܩܪܕܘܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اكراد - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اكراد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_curdu" title="Pueblu curdu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu curdu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrdl%C9%99r" title="Kürdlər - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kürdlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کوردلر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوردلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Курдтар - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Курдтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Kurdi" title="Wong Kurdi - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wong Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdn" title="Kurdn - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kurdn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Курды - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Курды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Курды - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Курды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кюрди - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кюрди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কুর্দি জাতি - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুর্দি জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurded" title="Kurded - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kurded" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Кхурдой - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхурдой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کورد - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کورد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrtler" title="Kürtler - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kürtler" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdov%C3%A9" title="Kurdové - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kurdové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Курдсем - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Курдсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrdiaid" title="Cyrdiaid - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyrdiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdere" title="Kurdere - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kurdere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurden" title="Kurden - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kurd" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Κούρδοι - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κούρδοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kurds" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdoj" title="Kurdoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurdoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_kurdo" title="Pueblo kurdo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo kurdo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdid" title="Kurdid - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kurdid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kurdu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مردم کرد - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم کرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdit" title="Kurdit - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurdit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdar" title="Kurdar - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kurdar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdes" title="Kurdes - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kurdes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerden" title="Koerden - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koerden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coird%C3%ADnigh" title="Coirdínigh - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coirdínigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_kurdo" title="Pobo kurdo - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo kurdo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdawa" title="Kurdawa - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kurdawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd-ng%C3%ACn" title="Kurd-ngìn - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kurd-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כורדים - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כורדים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कुर्द लोग - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुर्द लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdok" title="Kurdok - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kurdok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քրդեր - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրդեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kurdi" title="Orang Kurdi - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BArdar" title="Kúrdar - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúrdar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdi" title="Curdi - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Curdi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E4%BA%BA" title="クルド人 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クルド人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Kurdhi" title="Wong Kurdhi - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Kurdhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქურთები - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქურთები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikurdiyen" title="Ikurdiyen - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ikurdiyen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Kurdi" title="Jolma Kurdi - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Күрдтер - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күрдтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ಕುರ್ದ್ ಜನಾಂಗ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುರ್ದ್ ಜನಾಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%93%9C%EC%A1%B1" title="쿠르드족 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠르드족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kurd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Күрддөр - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күрддөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdi" title="Curdi - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Curdi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdi" title="Curdi - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Curdi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdai" title="Kurdai - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kurdai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiorda_(vahoaka)" title="Kiorda (vahoaka) - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kiorda (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Курди - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Курди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="കുർദ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുർദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Курдүүд - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Курдүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="कुर्द लोक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुर्द लोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kurdi" title="Orang Kurdi - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کورد - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کورد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerden" title="Koerden - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koerden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdarar" title="Kurdarar - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kurdarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdere" title="Kurdere - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kurdere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Курдаг адæм - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Курдаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਕੁਰਦ ਲੋਕ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਰਦ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdowie" title="Kurdowie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurdowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کرد - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوردان - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوردان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curdos" title="Curdos - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curdos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurzi" title="Kurzi - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kurzi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Курды - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Курды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kurds" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ڪرد - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_people" title="Kurdish people - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kurdish people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdi" title="Kurdi - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kurdi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd%C3%ABt" title="Kurdët - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kurdët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Курди - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Курди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurden" title="Kurden - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kurden" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurder" title="Kurder - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kurder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakurdi" title="Wakurdi - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakurdi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="குர்து மக்கள் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குர்து மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కుర్దులు - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కుర్దులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Курдҳо - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Курдҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="ชาวเคิร์ด - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวเคิร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrtler" title="Kürtler - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kürtler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdon" title="Kurdon - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kurdon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrtler" title="Kürtler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kürtler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Көрдләр - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көрдләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="كۇردلار - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۇردلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Курди - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Курди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کرد - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdlar" title="Kurdlar - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kurdlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Kurd" title="Người Kurd - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Kurd" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="库尔德人 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="库尔德人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქურთეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქურთეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F" title="קורדן - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קורדן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerden" title="Koerden - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Koerden" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="库尔德人 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="库尔德人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd_l%C3%A2ng" title="Kurd lâng - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kurd lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="庫爾德人 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="庫爾德人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12223#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Kurds&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurds"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurds"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Kurds" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Kurds" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&oldid=34512565" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Kurds&id=34512565&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKurds"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKurds"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kurds"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kurds&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_people" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12223" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Female_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula grup humà"><img alt="Infotaula grup humà" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Female_icon.svg/40px-Female_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Female_icon.svg/60px-Female_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="157" /></a></span></span>Kurds</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32548069/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Ezidi_New_Year_in_2017_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="lang="><img alt="lang=" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Ezidi_New_Year_in_2017_22.jpg/300px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Ezidi_New_Year_in_2017_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Ezidi_New_Year_in_2017_22.jpg/450px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Ezidi_New_Year_in_2017_22.jpg 1.5x, 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class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88tnia" title="Ètnia">ètnia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Llengua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">kurd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persa" title="Persa">persa</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#P1412" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Religió</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">sunnisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiisme" title="Xiisme">xiïsme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alevis" title="Alevis">alevisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidisme" title="Yazidisme">iazidisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> i <a href="/wiki/Judaisme" title="Judaisme">judaisme</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#P140" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Part de</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A0nics" title="Irànics">irànics</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: Moccasin;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee;">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> i <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#P495" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_(1992).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg/250px-Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg/330px-Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg/500px-Kurdish-inhabited_area_by_CIA_%281992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>Zones habitades pels kurds l'any 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>Els <b>kurds</b> són un poble d'origen <a href="/wiki/Protoindoeuropeus" title="Protoindoeuropeus">indoeuropeu</a>, possiblement descendent dels <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">medes</a>, que habita a la regió muntanyosa del <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>, al sud-oest d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a>. La població kurda se situa entre 35 i 40 milions de persones, repartits principalment entre <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bengio2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bengio2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També existeix població kurda en una àrea geogràfica més extensa, que abasta des de les muntanyes Taurus fins a l'oest dels altiplans de l'Iran, i des de la <a href="/wiki/Muntanya_Ararat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntanya Ararat">muntanya Ararat</a> fins al peu dels turons contigus a les planes mesopotàmiques, amb enclavaments significatius a l'extrem oriental de Síria i a <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a> i a la Província Autònoma de Najitxevan a l'<a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>. Existeix també una important <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora" title="Diàspora">diàspora</a> de kurds fora del Kurdistan, principalment a estats europeus com <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a> o <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a>. </p><p>El poble kurd s'ha dedicat tradicionalment a la ramaderia nòmada, a l'artesania i al conreu, estructurat al voltant d'una organització social de tipus tribal que encara perdura. Arran de la <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamització</a> posterior a la conquesta àrab del Kurdistan el <a href="/wiki/636" title="636">636</a>, els kurds són majoritàriament <a href="/wiki/Musulmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Musulmans">musulmans</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunnites" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnites">sunnites</a>, tot i que encara queda un grup nombrós que preserven la religió tradicional kurda: el <a href="/wiki/Yazidisme" title="Yazidisme">yazidisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Debilitats per la fragmentació entre diferents estats, els kurds han patit discriminacions i persecucions de manera repetida. Durant la <a href="/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial">Primera Guerra Mundial</a> els kurds van donar suport als <a href="/wiki/Aliats_de_la_Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Aliats de la Primera Guerra Mundial">aliats</a> en contra de <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> per assolir, mitjançant el <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">tractat de Sèvres</a>, la independència de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>. L'acord, però, mai no fou ratificat i després de la guerra van tenir lloc dures represàlies turques contra els kurds. </p><p>«Kurd» significa 'heroi' en <a href="/wiki/Idioma_persa" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma persa">idioma persa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llengua_i_distribució"><span id="Llengua_i_distribuci.C3.B3"></span>Llengua i distribució</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Llengua i distribució"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si bé els kurds es distingeixen per elements com la llengua, el <a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">kurd</a>, hi ha variants idiomàtiques per tot el Kurdistan. A la regió kurda de <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> es parla el <a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurmanji">kurmanji</a> i a l'Anatòlia turca el <a href="/wiki/Zazaqui" title="Zazaqui">zaza</a>. Al nord de l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> es parla el <a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">sorani</a> i els kurds de l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, a més del sorani i el <a href="/wiki/Kurd_del_nord" title="Kurd del nord">kurmani</a>, també parlen diferents dialectes al sud-est de l'estat. Totes aquestes llengües formen part de la branca de les llengües iràniques occidentals dins de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ir%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües iràniques">llengües iràniques</a>, part de la família de <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El poble kurd és la minoria ètnica més gran de l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a> que no es troba establerta en cap forma d'<a href="/wiki/Estat_naci%C3%B3" title="Estat nació">estat nació</a>. Són entre 55 i 60 milions de persones (no existeixen censos rigorosos), aproximadament un 45% dels quals viuen a <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, un 25% a l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, un altre 25% a l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> i un 5% a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>. Hi ha també una important diàspora kurda a l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_occidental" title="Europa occidental">Europa occidental</a>, sobretot en estats com <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a> i <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a>. </p><p>La ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Piranxahr" title="Piranxahr">Piranxahr</a> és la capital del districte de Mukerian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'origen_de_la_qüestió_kurda_a_l'Orient_Mitjà"><span id="L.27origen_de_la_q.C3.BCesti.C3.B3_kurda_a_l.27Orient_Mitj.C3.A0"></span>L'origen de la qüestió kurda a l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: L'origen de la qüestió kurda a l'Orient Mitjà"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_tractat_de_Sèvres"><span id="El_tractat_de_S.C3.A8vres"></span>El <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">tractat de Sèvres</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: El tractat de Sèvres"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Kurdistan1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/220px-Kurdistan1920.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/330px-Kurdistan1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kurdistan1920.png/440px-Kurdistan1920.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> independent segons el <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">tractat de Sèvres</a> del 1920)</figcaption></figure> <p>Al final de la <a href="/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial">Primera Guerra Mundial</a> les potències vencedores es van repartir <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">l'Orient Mitjà</a> en zones d'influència mitjançant els <a href="/wiki/Acords_de_Sykes-Picot" title="Acords de Sykes-Picot">Acords de Sykes-Picot</a>. Les conferències posteriors a la ciutat de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres" title="Sèvres">Sèvres</a> van discutir la manera com es repartirien els territoris que havien estat sota domini de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>. El president dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, va enviar la Comissió King Crane per tractar en les negociacions la qüestió sobre la creació d'un estat armeni independent. Més tard, la comissió va recomanar la creació del <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> en una quarta part del territori d'<a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a>. El repartiment suggeria que ambdós estats serien administrats com a mandats dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>. </p><p>A la taula de negociacions, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> va acceptar la creació d'un estat kurd, amb la reserva que no inclogués cap dels territoris kurds que havien estat garantits als francesos pel <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_I_de_Jord%C3%A0nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah I de Jordània">Abdallah I de Jordània</a>. Els participants en la Conferència de Sèvres van ser <a href="/wiki/Gran_Bretanya" title="Gran Bretanya">Gran Bretanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a> (com a observador), <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica">Bèlgica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, Hiyaz (avui <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita">Aràbia Saudita</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, l'estat serbo-croat-eslovè (més tard <a href="/wiki/Iugosl%C3%A0via" title="Iugoslàvia">Iugoslàvia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Txecoslov%C3%A0quia" title="Txecoslovàquia">Txecoslovàquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> i una delegació kurda que va actuar com a observadora en les discussions concernents al <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>. El resultat de la conferència va ser un llarg tractat de 433 articles, signat a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres" title="Sèvres">Sèvres</a> el 10 d'agost del <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. </p><p>Encara que el tractat, i en concret l'article 62, va definir les fronteres i la hipotètica composició del futur <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>, molts territoris amb aclaparadora majoria kurda situats a l'oest de l'<a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> van ser arbitràriament exclosos. El Kurdistan concebut pel tractat hagués estat un país amb dues terceres parts del seu territori eliminades, incloent les seves àrees fèrtils i les seves tradicionals terres de pasturatge. A partir d'aquests fets, generacions senceres de grups nacionalistes kurds han recorregut a aquest tractat per presentar-lo com un reconeixement de la causa kurda al dret internacional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_lluita_turca_d'independència"><span id="La_lluita_turca_d.27independ.C3.A8ncia"></span>La lluita turca d'independència</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: La lluita turca d'independència"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg/220px-Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg/330px-Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg/440px-Kurdish-inhabited_areas_of_the_Middle_East_and_the_Soviet_Union_in_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Zones habitades pels kurds l'any 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>En resposta al <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">tractat de Sèvres</a>, el general <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> i els grups nacionalistes turcs van posar en pràctica els seus plans per a l'alliberament de <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> de l'ocupació estrangera, a conseqüència del desmembrament de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Kemal">Mustafa Kemal</a> va apel·lar a l'element religiós per unificar a kurds i turcs i va fer una crida encaminada a la completa unitat en la lluita contra els invasors de les "sagrades terres musulmanes". </p><p>La Guerra d'Independència turca va aconseguir la seva major victòria militar mitjançant la "gran ofensiva", que va culminar el 9 de setembre del <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> amb la derrota de l'exèrcit grec a l'<a href="/wiki/Egeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Egeu">Egeu</a> i a l'<a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a> occidental. Per la seva banda, els aliats es van afanyar a reconèixer de facto la independència política de la nova república, tement que la <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> kemalista pogués passar-se al camp soviètic. Sota aquest raonament, el <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Lausana" title="Tractat de Lausana">tractat de Lausana</a>, signat per la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Bretanya" title="Gran Bretanya">Gran Bretanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, la República Serbo-croata-eslovena i <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> el 24 de juliol del <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> va reconèixer l'estat turc i va dividir el territori dels kurds. Al llarg de tota la guerra, els oficials turcs es van dedicar a combatre qualsevol "amenaça" emergent dins del territori, específicament la formació d'organitzacions o associacions expressament kurdes. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Lausana" title="Tractat de Lausana">tractat de Lausana</a> va ser una victòria innegable per als <a href="/wiki/Turcs" title="Turcs">turcs</a>. Per als kurds, va marcar el començament d'una nova fase de submissió. Els articles del 40 al 45 especificaven que les minories en qüestió eren les "minories no musulmanes" (<a href="/wiki/Armenis" title="Armenis">armenis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">grecs</a>, etc.). Les autoritats nacionalistes d'<a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> van refusar a incloure'ls entre les minories protegides per les estipulacions constitucionals. Alhora, les autoritats turques van adoptar polítiques demogràfiques tendents a encoratjar els turcs a tornar i a equilibrar el pes a favor seu en la nova república. A partir d'aquest moment la insurrecció kurda es va convertir en un fenomen endèmic dins del marc de l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a>, caracteritzat per aixecaments armats a <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>, combinats amb períodes d'enfrontaments a l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> i a l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> al llarg de tot el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fets_de_la_història_moderna_kurda"><span id="Fets_de_la_hist.C3.B2ria_moderna_kurda"></span>Fets de la història moderna kurda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Fets de la història moderna kurda"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Diyarbekir_shepherd,_Mardin_Kurd,_Aljazeera_Kurd,_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg/220px-Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg/330px-Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg/440px-Diyarbekir_shepherd%2C_Mardin_Kurd%2C_Aljazeera_Kurd%2C_1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="2501" /></a><figcaption>Kurds amb el vestit tradicional (1873)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">Tractat de Sèvres</a>, 10 d'agost de <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. Establia la creació d'un <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> independent que comprengués l'<a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a> sud-oriental (al sud del <a href="/wiki/Llac_Van" title="Llac Van">llac Van</a>) i la regió de <a href="/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul">Mossul</a>, però tot va quedar en no-res per diferències tribals i el rebuig del líder <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalista</a> <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">turc</a> <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Ataturk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemal Ataturk">Kemal Ataturk</a>. En aquest període, els partits kurds es van dividir en dues branques: la partidària de mantenir la seva autonomia a <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> i la que optava per la independència.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> - <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>: els kurds demanen davant l'<a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> la independència del seu territori.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>: es funda la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Mahabad" title="República de Mahabad">República de Mahabad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), d'un any de durada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> - <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>: revolta kurda a l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>: els kurds aconsegueixen el domini d'una regió autònoma a l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> - <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primera_guerra_kurdoiraquiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primera guerra kurdoiraquiana (encara no existeix)">Primera guerra kurdoiraquiana</a> entre els kurds i les forces armades de l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Aquesta guerra va ser començada pels kurds.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a> funda el <a href="/wiki/Partit_dels_Treballadors_del_Kurdistan" title="Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan">Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan</a> (PKK), que comença a operar a <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anys_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Anys 1980">Anys 1980</a>: les guerrilles kurdes donen suport a l'OAP (<a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_per_l%27Alliberament_de_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Organització per l'Alliberament de Palestina">Organització per l'Alliberament de Palestina</a>) i, amb base a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, realitzen centenars d'incursions armades al sud-est de <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>: el PKK desencadena una guerra oberta contra <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>: Deu províncies del Kurdistan turc es posen en estat d'emergència des del juliol de 1987 i tres províncies veïnes es poden sota el poder executiu del 'superprefecte' a Diyarbakir sota les condicions de l'estat d'emergència.<sup id="cite_ref-canada_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>: atacs amb armes químiques als kurds iraquians per part de <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>: després de la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_del_Golf" title="Guerra del Golf">Guerra del Golf</a>, diverses faccions kurdes s'aixequen contra l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raper%C3%AEn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raperîn (encara no existeix)">Raperîn</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>: faccions kurdes iraquianes constitueixen un govern.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>: alto el foc del Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_de_mar%C3%A7" title="20 de març">20 de març</a> de <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> Turquia envia 35.000 soldats a les regions controlades pels kurds del nord de l'Iraq per eliminar els 3.000 membres del PKK basats a la regió, i es retira dos mesos més tard.</li> <li>12 d'abril de <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>: Parlament kurd a l'exili, constituït a <a href="/wiki/La_Haia" title="La Haia">la Haia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_de_juny" title="29 de juny">29 de juny</a> de 1995: es prorroga l'estat d'emergència.<sup id="cite_ref-canada_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Octubre <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> deixa de donar suport al PKK.</li> <li>Març de <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>: és capturat a <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> el líder kurd <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a>. Jutjat a Turquia per alta traïció i assassinat, Öcalan va ser condemnat a mort, però la sentència està actualment apel·lada davant del <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_de_Just%C3%ADcia_Europeu" title="Tribunal de Justícia Europeu">Tribunal de Justícia Europeu</a>.<span style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup title="Aquest paràgraf o frase necessita d'una data." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;">[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts"><i>Quan?</i></a>]</span></sup></li> <li>7 d'abril de <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>: el president sirià <a href="/wiki/Baixar_al-Assad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixar al-Assad">Baixar al-Assad</a> va promulgar un decret pel qual acorda donar la ciutadania als habitants d'origen kurd, de la qual estaven privats des de feia prop de mig segle al nord del país.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personatges_kurds_que_han_destacat_en_la_història"><span id="Personatges_kurds_que_han_destacat_en_la_hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Personatges kurds que han destacat en la història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Personatges kurds que han destacat en la història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salad%C3%AD" title="Saladí">Saladí</a> (1138-1193) o Salah al-Din Yusuf-al-ayyubí. Fill d'Ayyub, governador de <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, i nebot de Shirkuh, lloctinent de Nur al-Din, senyor de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> (1146-1174). Shirkuh prengué el control del <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimita" title="Califat Fatimita">Califat Fatimita</a> d'Egipte (1169) en una campanya militar pagada per <a href="/wiki/Nur-ad-Din_Mahmud" title="Nur-ad-Din Mahmud">Nur al-Din</a>. El mateix any, a la mort del seu oncle, Saladí el va succeir, va dissoldre el Califat del Caire (1171) i va ser proclamat sultà d'<a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>. Va entrar en disputa amb Nur al-Din, el seu senyor i, a la mort d'aquest (1174), va prendre el poder a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a>, al nord fins a <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, a l'oest fins a <a href="/wiki/Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> (1186), i amb gran part dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Croats" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Croats">Estats Croats</a> (1187). El sultà kurd, líder de l'estat més poderós d'Orient, morí a <a href="/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc">Damasc</a> com un dels més grans herois de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_al-Athir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn al-Athir (encara no existeix)">Ali ibn al-Athir</a> (12 de maig de 1160-1233) va ser un historiador kurd musulmà nascut a Şırnak, <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Talabani" title="Jalal Talabani">Jalal Talabani</a>, president de l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehmed%C3%AA_Xan%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehmedê Xanî (encara no existeix)">Ehmedê Xanî</a>, escriptor, poeta i filòsof kurd.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a>, antiga primera dama del <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, iraniana d'ascendència kurda.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, primera ministra pakistanesa fins al seu assassinat el <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>, filla de Nusrat Bhutto.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_El%C3%A7i" title="Tahir Elçi">Tahir Elçi</a>, advocat prokurd que fou assassinat a <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> quan feia un clam per aturar la violència entre Turquia i el PKK el novembre de 2015.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFEntessar2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Entessar</span>, Nader. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=1ig7vi3Oc9QC&pg=PA3&dq=million+people+kurdish&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=wuCTUZ63Oubg7QbS24DgBQ&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=million%20people%20kurdish&f=false"><i>http://books.google.cat/books?id=1ig7vi3Oc9QC&pg=PA3&dq=million+people+kurdish&hl=ca&sa=X&ei=wuCTUZ63Oubg7QbS24DgBQ&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=million%20people%20kurdish&f=false</i></a>.  Rowman & Littlefield, 2010, p. 3. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0739140396" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0739140396">ISBN 0739140396</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ig7vi3Oc9QC%26pg%3DPA3%26dq%3Dmillion%2Bpeople%2Bkurdish%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DwuCTUZ63Oubg7QbS24DgBQ%26ved%3D0CFIQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmillion%2520people%2520kurdish%26f%3Dfalse&rft.aulast=Entessar&rft.aufirst=Nader&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.pages=3&rft.isbn=0739140396&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ig7vi3Oc9QC%26pg%3DPA3%26dq%3Dmillion%2Bpeople%2Bkurdish%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DwuCTUZ63Oubg7QbS24DgBQ%26ved%3D0CFIQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmillion%2520people%2520kurdish%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bengio2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bengio2014_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBengio2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bengio</span>, Ofra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=caCDBAAAQBAJ"><i>Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland</i></a>.  University of Texas Press, 2014. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-292-75813-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-292-75813-1">ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurdish+Awakening%3A+Nation+Building+in+a+Fragmented+Homeland&rft.aulast=Bengio&rft.aufirst=Ofra&rft.date=2014&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-292-75813-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcaCDBAAAQBAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFIzady1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Izady</span>, Mehrdad R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC"><i>The Kurds: A Concise Handbook</i></a>.  Taylor & Francis, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-8448-1727-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-8448-1727-9">ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurds%3A+A+Concise+Handbook&rft.aulast=Izady&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad+R.&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.isbn=978-0-8448-1727-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI9mr6OgLjBoC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertaddigital.com/temas/pueblo-kurdo/">Pueblo kurdo</a>». [Consulta: 12 maig 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larazon.es/internacional/los-kurdos-el-mayor-pueblo-sin-estado-del-mundo-OG25329263/">Los kurdos, el mayor pueblo sin Estado del mundo</a>», 17-10-2019. [Consulta: 14 maig 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> «Kurds». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kurds.html"><i>The Columbia Encyclopedia</i></a>. 6th.  Encyclopedia.com, 2014.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Kurds&rft.date=2014&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Kurds.html"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFIzady1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Izady</span>, Mehrdad R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA198"><i>The Kurds: A Concise Handbook</i></a>.  Taylor & Francis, 1992, p. 198. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-8448-1727-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-8448-1727-9">ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurds%3A+A+Concise+Handbook&rft.aulast=Izady&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad+R.&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.pages=198&rft.isbn=978-0-8448-1727-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI9mr6OgLjBoC%26pg%3DPA198"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Windfuhr <i>Iranian Languages</i>.  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2013, p. 587. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1135797041" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1135797041">ISBN 978-1135797041</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iranian+Languages&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.pages=587&rft.isbn=978-1135797041"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canada-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-canada_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-canada_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8604.html">The Situation of the Kurds</a>» (en anglès).  Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 01-02-1996. [Consulta: 23 agost 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Özcan</span>, Ali Kemal. <i>Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan</i> (en anglès).  Routledge, 2006, p. 205. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780415366878" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780415366878">ISBN 9780415366878</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Kurds%3A+A+Theoretical+Analysis+of+the+PKK+and+Abdullah+Ocalan&rft.aulast=%C3%96zcan&rft.aufirst=Ali+Kemal&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.pages=205&rft.isbn=9780415366878"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Keyenbroek, Philip (1992). “On the kurdish language,” en: Kreyenbroek, Philip y Stefan Spearl (Comp.). The Kurds. A historical overview, Routledge/ SOAS Politics and Culture in the Middle East Series, Londres i Nova York, pp. 68-84]</li> <li>Rwnadiz F (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalaffairs.es/Noticia-16.html">La mayor nación del mundo sin Estado</a>, Global Affairs.</li> <li>Laurens, Henry (2003). “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monde-diplomatique.es/2003/04/laurens.html">Como se repartió Medio Oriente</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120602014853/http://monde-diplomatique.es/2003/04/laurens.html">Arxivat</a> 2012-06-02 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.” Le Monde Diplomatique, Edició Espanyola.</li> <li>Nouveau Recueil General des Traites (Leipzig, 1924), t. XII, 3a Serie, pp. 664-779.</li> <li>Tripp, Charles (2003). “Historia de Iraq”, Cambridge University Press, Madrid, Espanya, pp. 65-80.</li> <li>Bruinessen, Martin Van. “The Kurds in turkey”, MERIP Middle East Studies, No. 121, State Terror in Turkey, febrer 1984, pp. 6-12,14.]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">The treaty of peace (1919-19123)</a> Vol II, New York, Carnegie Endowment for Internacional Peace, 1924.</li> <li>Vàzquez, Jordi (2014). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tigredepaper.cat/wordpress/kurdistan-el-poble-del-sol-historia-politica/">Kurdistan, el poble del sol. Una història política</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919180059/http://www.tigredepaper.cat/wordpress/kurdistan-el-poble-del-sol-historia-politica/">Arxivat</a> 2017-09-19 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i> Tigre de Paper, Barcelona.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_dels_kurds" title="Història dels kurds">Història dels kurds</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflicte_turco-kurd" title="Conflicte turco-kurd">Conflicte turco-kurd</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakaki">Shakaki</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurds&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Kurdish people"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Galeria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurdish_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kurdish people"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Categoria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>M. I. Pampín, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/pampin-irak-01.html">Claus de la situació a l'Irak</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transoxiana.org/0105/kurdosIrak.html">El conflicte kurd a l'Irak</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transoxiana.org/Jornadas/JEO2004/pampin-kurdos.php">Implicacions del problema kurd pel futur de l'Irak</a>.</li> <li>N. Méndez <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transoxiana.org/0110/mendez-iraq.html">Construcció i desconstrucció nacional a l'Orient Mitjà: el cas de l'Irak</a>, a Transoxània, Journal Llibre d'Estudis Orientals.</li> <li>The treaty of peace (1919-19123), <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne - World War I Document Archive</a>».</span> Vol II, New York, Carnegie Endowment for Internacional Peace, 1924.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premi_Internacional_Alfonso_Comín" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Guanyadors_del_Premi_Internacional_Alfonso_Com%C3%ADn" title="Plantilla:Guanyadors del Premi Internacional Alfonso Comín"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Premi_Internacional_Alfonso_Comín" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premi_Internacional_Alfonso_Com%C3%ADn" title="Premi Internacional Alfonso Comín">Premi Internacional Alfonso Comín</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1984: Poble de <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1985: <a href="/wiki/Pare_Llanos" title="Pare Llanos">Pare Llanos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1986: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1987: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Boff" title="Leonardo Boff">Leonardo Boff</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1988: Poble de <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1989: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Centroamericana_Jos%C3%A9_Sime%C3%B3n_Ca%C3%B1as" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas">Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa_Beascoechea" title="Ignacio Ellacuría Beascoechea">Ignacio Ellacuría</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1990: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1991 Víctimes innocents del poble de l'<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1992: <a href="/wiki/Pere_Casald%C3%A0liga_i_Pla" title="Pere Casaldàliga i Pla">Pere Casaldàliga</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1993: <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_i_Hercegovina" title="Bòsnia i Hercegovina">Bòsnia</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Oslobo%C4%91enje" title="Oslobođenje">Oslobođenje</a> (diari) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1994: Nens de la <a href="/wiki/Segona_guerra_civil_sudanesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Segona guerra civil sudanesa">Guerra del Sudan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1995: <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_Pierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbé Pierre">Abbé Pierre</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1996: <a href="/wiki/Salima_Ghezali" title="Salima Ghezali">Salima Ghezali</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1997: <a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sola_Sierra_Henr%C3%ADquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sola Sierra Henríquez (encara no existeix)">Sola Sierra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  1999: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poble kurd</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3n_de_Asociaciones_Pro-Inmigrantes_extranjeros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federación de Asociaciones Pro-Inmigrantes extranjeros (encara no existeix)">Federación de Asociaciones Pro-Inmigrantes extranjeros</a>, Andalucía Acoge <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimento_dos_Trabalhadores_Sem_Terra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (encara no existeix)">Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Jerusalem_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Jerusalem Link (encara no existeix)">The Jerusalem Link</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associaci%C3%B3_Revolucion%C3%A0ria_de_Dones_Afganeses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associació Revolucionària de Dones Afganeses (encara no existeix)">Associació Revolucionària de Dones Afganeses</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_the_Americas_Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of the Americas Watch (encara no existeix)">School of the Americas Watch</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chema_Caballero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chema Caballero (encara no existeix)">Chema Caballero</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2006: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_D%C3%ADez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="José María Díez-Alegría">José María Díez-Alegría</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_L%C3%B3pez_Raimundo" title="Gregorio López Raimundo">Gregorio López Raimundo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Al-Hadeethi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maha Al-Hadeethi (encara no existeix)">Maha Al-Hadeethi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_March_Against_Child_Labor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global March Against Child Labor (encara no existeix)">Global March Against Child Labor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2009: <a href="/wiki/Arrels_Fundaci%C3%B3" title="Arrels Fundació">Arrels Fundació</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comit%C3%A9_Regional_para_la_Promoci%C3%B3n_y_Defensa_de_la_Vida_de_Chicomuselo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comité Regional para la Promoción y Defensa de la Vida de Chicomuselo (encara no existeix)">Comité Regional para la Promoción y Defensa de la Vida de Chicomuselo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2011: <a href="/wiki/Arcadi_Oliveres_i_Boadella" title="Arcadi Oliveres i Boadella">Arcadi Oliveres</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fathi_Chamkhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fathi Chamkhi (encara no existeix)">Fathi Chamkhi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2013: <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ramonet_M%C3%ADguez" title="Ignacio Ramonet Míguez">Ignacio Ramonet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2014: <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Kiansumba" title="Gustave Kiansumba">Gustave Kiansumba</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  2015: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Vict%C3%B2ria_Molins" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Victòria Molins">Maria Victòria Molins</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11942456w">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> (<a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Larousse" title="Enciclopèdia Larousse">Larousse</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Kurdes/128180">1</a>)</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=kurdere">SNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Treccani</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/curdi">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/kurds" class="extiw" title="wikt:kurds">Viccionari</a></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" 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