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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude_to_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude_to_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Prelude to legislation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prelude_to_legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prelude to legislation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prelude_to_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NPCSC_decision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NPCSC_decision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 NPCSC decision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NPCSC_decision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_responses_and_analyses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_responses_and_analyses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Initial responses and analyses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initial_responses_and_analyses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Initial responses and analyses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_responses_and_analyses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis_of_Chinese_government_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_of_Chinese_government_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Analysis of Chinese government involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_of_Chinese_government_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Republic of China (Taiwan) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extending_Hong_Kong_British_National_(Overseas)_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extending_Hong_Kong_British_National_(Overseas)_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Extending Hong Kong British National (Overseas) rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extending_Hong_Kong_British_National_(Overseas)_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.3 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.4 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.5 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Business community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Educational community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_analysis_of_British_and_international_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_analysis_of_British_and_international_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Political analysis of British and international responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_analysis_of_British_and_international_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legislation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legislation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Initial plans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Provisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraterritoriality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraterritoriality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Extraterritoriality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraterritoriality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Enforcement </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enforcement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Enforcement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_warrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_warrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 International warrants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_warrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retroactivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retroactivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Retroactivity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retroactivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-assessed_impact_in_Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-assessed_impact_in_Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Self-assessed impact in Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-assessed_impact_in_Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2020 Hong Kong national security law</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="قانون الأمن الوطني لهونغ كونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون الأمن الوطني لهونغ كونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-h%C3%B4a_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok_Hiong-k%C3%A1ng_Te%CC%8Dk-pia%CC%8Dt_H%C3%AAng-ch%C3%A8ng-khu_%C3%9Bi-h%C5%8D%CD%98_Kok-ka_An-cho%C3%A2n_Hoat" title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ûi-hō͘ Kok-ka An-choân Hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ûi-hō͘ Kok-ka An-choân Hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_de_seguretat_nacional_de_Hong_Kong" title="Llei de seguretat nacional de Hong Kong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei de seguretat nacional de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesisches_Sicherheitsgesetz_f%C3%BCr_Hongkong" title="Chinesisches Sicherheitsgesetz für Hongkong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesisches Sicherheitsgesetz für Hongkong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_Seguridad_Nacional_de_Hong_Kong" title="Ley de Seguridad Nacional de Hong Kong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley de Seguridad Nacional de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkonga_Le%C4%9Do_pri_Nacia_Sekureco_en_2020" title="Hongkonga Leĝo pri Nacia Sekureco en 2020 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hongkonga Leĝo pri Nacia Sekureco en 2020" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="قانون امنیت ملی هنگ کنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون امنیت ملی هنگ کنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_sur_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_nationale_de_Hong_Kong" title="Loi sur la sécurité nationale de Hong Kong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Loi sur la sécurité nationale de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88%EB%B2%95" title="홍콩 국가보안법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홍콩 국가보안법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legge_sulla_sicurezza_nazionale_di_Hong_Kong" title="Legge sulla sicurezza nazionale di Hong Kong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legge sulla sicurezza nazionale di Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="חוק הביטחון הלאומי בהונג קונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק הביטחון הלאומי בהונג קונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang_keselamatan_negara_Hong_Kong" title="Undang-undang keselamatan negara Hong Kong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Undang-undang keselamatan negara Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%B6%AD%E6%8C%81%E6%B3%95" title="中華人民共和国香港特別行政区国家安全維持法 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国香港特別行政区国家安全維持法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustawa_o_bezpiecze%C5%84stwie_narodowym_w_Hongkongu" title="Ustawa o bezpieczeństwie narodowym w Hongkongu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ustawa o bezpieczeństwie narodowym w Hongkongu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_Nacional_de_Hong_Kong" title="Lei de Segurança Nacional de Hong Kong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei de Segurança Nacional de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Закон о защите национальной безопасности в Гонконге – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закон о защите национальной безопасности в Гонконге" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%82_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="2020 හොංකොං ජාතික ආරක්ෂක නීතිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2020 හොංකොං ජාතික ආරක්ෂක නීතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Hong Kong national security law – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hong Kong national security law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">China's 2020 national law on national security in Hong Kong</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 2020 national law of China. For the 2024 Hong Kong local law, see <a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/170px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/255px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/340px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide (see <a href="#Extraterritoriality">Extraterritoriality</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed</th><td class="infobox-data">30 June 2020 (2020-06-30)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed by</th><td class="infobox-data">President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">30 June 2020 (2020-06-30)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commenced</th><td class="infobox-data">30 June 2020 (2020-06-30)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Effective_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective date">Effective</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30 June 2020</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Legislative history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#First_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">First reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18–20 June 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#Second_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">Second reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28–30 June 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Voting summary</th><td class="infobox-data nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>162 voted for</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">None voted against</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">None abstained</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#AAF0D1;">Status: In force</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">2020 Hong Kong national security law</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港國家安全法</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港国家安全法</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xiānggǎng guójiā ānquán fǎ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hsiang1-kang2 kuo2-chia1 an1-chʻüan2 fa3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hoeng1 gong2 gwok3 gaa1 on1 cyun4 faat3</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">中華人民共和國香港特別行政區維護國家安全法</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó xiānggǎng tèbié xíngzhèngqū wéihù guójiā ānquán fǎ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chung1-hua2 jên2-min2 kung4-ho2-kuo2 hsiang1-kang2 tʻê4-pieh2 hsing2-cheng4-chü1 wei2-hu4 kuo2-chia1 an1-chʻüan2 fa3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zung1 waa4 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3 Hoeng1 gong2 Dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1 wai4 wu6 gwok3 gaa1 on1 cyun4 faat3</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:white; border:1px solid #8C0046;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046; background:#A20051"><a href="/wiki/File:Hkpol2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/170px-Hkpol2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/255px-Hkpol2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/340px-Hkpol2.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C40062; color:white; border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046;"> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">government</a> of Hong Kong</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Laws</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Drafting Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Consultative Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> (national security laws)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2020 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">2024 law</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45">Article 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_46" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 46">Article 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_69" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 69">Article 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino%E2%80%93British_Joint_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino–British Joint Declaration">Sino–British Joint Declaration</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_criminal_law" title="Hong Kong criminal law">Criminal law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Capital punishment in Hong Kong">Capital punishment in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure (Hong Kong)">Criminal procedure</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jury_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jury system in Hong Kong">Jury system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Human rights</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet censorship in Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_Executive" title="Office of the Chief Executive">Office of the Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_officials_of_Hong_Kong" title="Principal officials of Hong Kong">Principal officials</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chan" title="Eric Chan">Eric Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_(Hong_Kong)" title="Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)">Financial Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chan_Mo-po" title="Paul Chan Mo-po">Paul Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong)">Secretary for Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lam" title="Paul Lam">Paul Lam</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Convenor: <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Secretariat" title="Government Secretariat">Government Secretariat</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_government_agencies" title="List of Hong Kong government agencies">Government agencies</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Bureau" title="Civil Service Bureau">Civil Service Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Secretariat_for_the_Advisory_Bodies_on_Civil_Service_and_Judicial_Salaries_and_Conditions_of_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service (page does not exist)">Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_and_Mainland_Affairs_Bureau" title="Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li> <li>Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_Bureau" title="Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau">Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department" title="Leisure and Cultural Services Department">Leisure and Cultural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism Commission (page does not exist)">Tourism Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_Bureau" title="Education Bureau">Education Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>University Grants Committee Secretariat</li> <li>Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Ecology_Bureau" title="Environment and Ecology Bureau">Environment and Ecology Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Department" title="Environmental Protection Department">Environmental Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Conservation_Department" title="Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department">Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Environmental_Hygiene_Department" title="Food and Environmental Hygiene Department">Food and Environmental Hygiene Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a></li> <li>Government Laboratory</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Health Bureau (Hong Kong)">Health Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_and_Youth_Affairs_Bureau" title="Home and Youth Affairs Bureau">Home and Youth Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Department" title="Home Affairs Department">Home Affairs Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Services_Department" title="Information Services Department">Information Services Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Welfare_Bureau" title="Labour and Welfare Bureau">Labour and Welfare Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Welfare_Department" title="Social Welfare Department">Social Welfare Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Hong Kong Fire Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correctional Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs and Excise Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Flying_Service" title="Government Flying Service">Government Flying Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aid_Service" title="Civil Aid Service">Civil Aid Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Medical_Service" title="Auxiliary Medical Service">Auxiliary Medical Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_and_Logistics_Bureau" title="Transport and Logistics Bureau">Transport and Logistics Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Department" title="Transport Department">Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)">Civil Aviation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_Department" title="Highways Department">Highways Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Marine Department (Hong Kong)">Marine Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Bureau" title="Housing Bureau">Housing Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Department" title="Housing Department">Housing Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Intellectual Property Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invest_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Invest Hong Kong">Invest Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Communications_Authority" title="Office of the Communications Authority">Office of the Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong_Post" title="Hongkong Post">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry Department</a></li> <li>Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bureau" title="Development Bureau">Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Services_Department" title="Architectural Services Department">Architectural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_Department" title="Buildings Department">Buildings Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_and_Development_Department" title="Civil Engineering and Development Department">Civil Engineering and Development Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_Services_Department" title="Drainage Services Department">Drainage Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_and_Mechanical_Services_Department" title="Electrical and Mechanical Services Department">Electrical and Mechanical Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Lands Department">Lands Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" title="Land Registry (Hong Kong)">Land Registry</a></li> <li>Planning Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Supplies_Department" title="Water Supplies Department">Water Supplies Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_and_the_Treasury_Bureau" title="Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau">Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Registry (Hong Kong)">Companies Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Logistics_Department" title="Government Logistics Department">Government Logistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Property_Agency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Government Property Agency (Hong Kong)">Government Property Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)">Inland Revenue Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Receiver%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Receiver's Office">Official Receiver's Office</a></li> <li>Rating and Valuation Department</li> <li>Treasury</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innovation,_Technology_and_Industry_Bureau" title="Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau">Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Office" title="Efficiency Office">Efficiency Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government Chief Information Officer">Office of the Government Chief Information Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_and_Technology_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation and Technology Commission">Innovation and Technology Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Hong Kong Civil Service</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="Administrative Officer (Hong Kong)">Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Appointments_System" title="Political Appointments System">Political Appointments System</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leung" title="Andrew Leung">Andrew Leung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">List of Members of the Legislative Council</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Political camps:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cheung" title="Andrew Cheung">Andrew Cheung</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="High Court of Hong Kong">High Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_the_High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong">Chief Judge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Poon_Shiu-chor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Poon Shiu-chor">Jeremy Poon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Appeal</a> <ul><li>President of the Court of Appeal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_First_Instance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)">Court of First Instance</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Court (Hong Kong)">District Court</a> <ul><li>Chief District Judge: Justin Ko</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates' Court (Hong Kong)">Magistrates' Court</a> <ul><li>Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak</li></ul> Special courts and tribunals: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Coroner’s_Court" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Coroner’s Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Labour_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Labour Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Tribunal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lands Tribunal (Hong Kong)">Lands Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Misconduct_Tribunal" title="Market Misconduct Tribunal">Market Misconduct Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Obscene_Articles_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Obscene Articles Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Small_Claims_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Small Claims Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District" title="Central and Western District">Central and Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Eastern District, Hong Kong">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_District" title="Islands District">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_District" title="Kowloon City District">Kowloon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District" title="Kwai Tsing District">Kwai Tsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District" title="Kwun Tong District">Kwun Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_District,_Hong_Kong" title="North District, Hong Kong">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District" title="Sai Kung District">Sai Kung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District" title="Sha Tin District">Sha Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District" title="Sham Shui Po District">Sham Shui Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Southern District, Hong Kong">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District" title="Tai Po District">Tai Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District" title="Tsuen Wan District">Tsuen Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District" title="Tuen Mun District">Tuen Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District" title="Wan Chai District">Wan Chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District" title="Wong Tai Sin District">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District" title="Yau Tsim Mong District">Yau Tsim Mong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District" title="Yuen Long District">Yuen Long</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">Area committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Affairs_Commission" title="Electoral Affairs Commission">Electoral Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li></ul> Chief Executive Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_elections" title="Hong Kong legislative elections">Legislative elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">Geographical Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">Functional Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">Election Committee Constituency</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="Hong Kong local elections">District council elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of constituencies of Hong Kong">List of constituencies of Hong Kong</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Universal suffrage</a> </li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">Documents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">HKSAR Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">BNO Passport</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Consular missions in Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Hong Kong–Philippines relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Hong Kong–Singapore relations">Hong Kong–Singapore relations</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong#Relations_with_Mainland_China" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong–China relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing">Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic,_Trade_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal; border:1px solid #8C0046;"> Related topics <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li></ul></div> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a national law of China on Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> passed in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-textoflaw-1">[1]</a> It is implemented in Hong Kong in accordance with Hong Kong Basic Law Article 18, which allows for China's national laws to be valid in Hong Kong if they are included in Annex III. It was formulated under the authorization of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation</a>. The law was passed on 30 June 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> as a means of resolving the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">anti-extradition bill protests</a> instigated by a <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">Hong Kong local bill proposed in 2019</a> to enable <a href="/wiki/Extradition_law_in_China" title="Extradition law in China">extradition</a> to other territories including the mainland, and came into force the same day.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20200630-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Among others, the national security law established four particular crimes of <a href="/wiki/Secession_in_China" title="Secession in China">secession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">subversion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">terrorism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">collusion</a> with foreign organisations;<a href="#cite_note-cnn20200630-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters202006030-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian20200630-5">[5]</a> any open speech, verbal promotion or intention of Hong Kong's secession from China is considered a crime as well.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The implementation of the law entitles authorities to <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">surveil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Administrative_detention#China" title="Administrative detention">detain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Search_and_seizure" title="Search and seizure">search</a> persons suspected under its provisions and to require publishers, <a href="/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">hosting services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> to block, remove, or restrict content which the authorities determine to be in violation thereof.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> The law established <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">an office</a> outside of Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to administer enforcement of the law.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a>, which came into force with the British handover of Hong Kong in 1997, required that a national security law with some of these provisions be enacted by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a>. Before the 2019–2020 protests and passage of the law, a <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">2003 attempt</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Hong Kong Legislative Council</a> to satisfy Article 23 failed after <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches#2003" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">mass demonstrations</a>. Both the 2003 attempt at and the 2020 passage of legislation occurred during outbreaks of a novel <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a>, respectively), which affected the actions of both protesters and authorities. Article 23 was implemented in March 2024 with the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and 26 other countries condemned the national security law; the United Kingdom called it a breach of the 1984 <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a>, which provided autonomy for Hong Kong to be retained for 50 years.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The imposition of the national security law move prompted measures to put forward relaxed immigration laws for Hong Kong migrants by countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The controversial law has also garnered particular attention to its Article 38, which states that the law is applicable also to those who are not permanent residents of Hong Kong, and to those who do not reside there; the provision has been interpreted by some as saying that it is applicable to every individual in the world.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_20201109-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23</a></div> Article 23 of Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law (Hong Kong)">Basic Law</a> states that Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special Administrative Region</a> will "enact laws on its own" for the Region's security and to prevent political bodies outside the Region from "conducting political activities in the Region" or otherwise interfering with Hong Kong's independent security:<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organisations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organisations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organisations or bodies.</blockquote> A national security law would relate to three ordinances that make up Hong Kong's penal law, the Official Secrets Ordinance, <a href="/wiki/Crimes_Ordinance" title="Crimes Ordinance">Crimes Ordinance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Societies_Ordinance" title="Societies Ordinance">Societies Ordinance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fu-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> The Societies Ordinance in particular covers elements of security, as it was intended to prevent the creation of criminal secret societies and <a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">triads</a>. In 1949, with the influx of migrants from China, it was reintroduced and amended to specifically mention "foreign political organisations".<a href="#cite_note-Fu-13">[13]</a> The Crimes Ordinance covers the handling of dissent within the region. In place since 1971, and never amended, the ordinance sets a legal standard allowing people to be imprisoned simply for handling material deemed to be against the government, without need for evidence.<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Bill_of_Rights_Ordinance" title="Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance">Hong Kong Bill of Rights</a> ensures <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, but Hong Kong barrister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Leung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Leung (page does not exist)">Wilson Leung</a> has said that China may find a way to override this in legislation they introduce. Leung cites the fact a law imposed by China would be considered national law – while the Hong Kong Bill of Rights is "local" and so would be deemed subordinate by Beijing – and that the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> (NPCSC) is the highest authority on interpreting the Basic Law, and so could "say that the new security law cannot be restrained by the Bill of Rights" if they want.<a href="#cite_note-yang-16">[16]</a> National security legislation in Mainland China is controversial outside the country. First implemented in 1993, China's national security law became more restrictive under Chinese Communist Party <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, who set up a <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Commission of the Communist Party of China">National Security Commission</a> (that he heads himself) shortly after he came to power.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_20200522_asia-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_legislation_attempts">Past legislation attempts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Past legislation attempts">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–1997">1992–1997</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1992–1997">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Societies_Ordinance">Societies Ordinance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Societies Ordinance">edit</a>]</div> After the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests">Tiananmen Square massacre</a> in 1989, with Hong Kong residents concerned over their civil liberties, the Societies Ordinance was reviewed; it was amended in 1992, relaxing some of the restrictions against being able to register some societies,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> but this was repealed after the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handover</a> in 1997. According to the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor">Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor</a> (HRM), China amended the ordinance in 1997 "as part of a package of China's effort to emasculate the Hong Kong Bill of Rights".<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> The 1997 amendments include the proviso that should the relevant officials "reasonably believe" that prohibiting a society "is necessary in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (<a href="/wiki/Ordre_public" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre public">ordre public</a>) or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others", it can be banned without evidence.<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> HRM said that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The use of the term "national security" is particularly objectionable because the concept has frequently been used in China to criminalise the peaceful exercise of the rights of expression and to persecute those with legitimate demands like democracy and human rights. Its inclusion raises fears of extension of such Mainland Chinese practices to Hong Kong especially in the light of Article 23 of the Basic Law.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>1997–98 Memorandum submitted by the Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor, Appendix 5, paragraph 136<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The international response to this 'national security law' was to invoke the Siracusa Principles, which say that national security "cannot be invoked as a reason for imposing limitations to prevent merely local or relatively isolated threats to law and order", only against outside threats.<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> International jurists declared that including 'national security' in the ordinance dealing with local societies was unwarranted and inappropriate because "it is difficult to suggest that a society or a demonstration in Hong Kong will threaten the existence of China", and any local threat can be handled with normal public order laws.<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> Despite this, the 'national security' ground was introduced. While "national security" was defined as "safeguarding of the territorial integrity and the independence of the People's Republic of China", there was no explanation of what constituted a threat to this, nor how it should be implemented.<a href="#cite_note-HKHRM-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crimes_Ordinance">Crimes Ordinance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Crimes Ordinance">edit</a>]</div> In December 1996, the Hong Kong Legislative Council (as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colonial government</a>) introduced the Crimes (Amendment)(No.2) Bill 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-19">[19]</a> The catalyst for introduction was the forthcoming handover, with the initial amendments being mostly technical and removing reference to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarchy</a>. In turn, it sought proposals to change the articles on treasonable offences.<a href="#cite_note-Fu-13">[13]</a> This bill would have amended the Crimes Ordinance, changing <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> legislation that had existed since 1971 and was described by Hong Kong as "archaic".<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> Specifically, the bill proposed legalising dissent of the government, with the council declaring that the existing ordinance "[was] contrary to the development of democracy [as it] criminalises speech or writing and may be used as a weapon against legitimate criticism of the government".<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> The bill failed as it was strongly opposed by Beijing, leaving a gap in national security legislation.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-19">[19]</a> A "scaled-down" version of the Crimes Ordinance amendment was pushed through.<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> It gave a more limited definition of "sedition" and increased territorial defences; it was signed by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Governor">Hong Kong Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a> days before the 1997 handover, but was quickly discarded by the Chinese before it could ever come into effect.<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003">2003</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2003">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches#2003" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">Hong Kong 1 July marches § 2003</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Article_45_Concern_Group" title="Article 45 Concern Group">Article 45 Concern Group</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tung_Chee_Hwa_(Feb_2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg/150px-Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg/225px-Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg/300px-Tung_Chee_Hwa_%28Feb_2011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a> was responsible for Hong Kong's failed legislation attempt. Protests in June and July 2003 were in part due to the economic downturn after, and mishandling of, the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002–2004 SARS outbreak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></figcaption></figure> In September 2002, the Hong Kong government released its "Proposals to Implement Article 23 of the Basic Law" Consultation Document. Consultation lasted until December 2002, being concluded early after protests drew tens of thousands of people against the proposal; concessions were made, but the proposals did not return to public consultation.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003</a> was introduced in February 2003, aiming to comply with the requirement under Article 23 that the Hong Kong government should enact national security legislation "on its own". However, the bill was abandoned due to overwhelming opposition, noting the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches#2003" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">unprecedented number of protesters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN2003-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_52765838-22">[22]</a> The 2003 bill would introduce sedition legislation, as well as offer amendments to the ordinances. While the Region was being encouraged to create legislation in line with the Johannesburg Principles, it did not, and the 2003 provisions would have been more restrictive of civil liberties. The changes were: to narrow the definition of "sedition", requiring someone to deliberately commit acts against the government; to add a 'likelihood' clause, requiring a burden of proof; and to add subversion and secession offences.<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> This last addition was the most problematic part of the bill, with the others seen as steps towards protection. The subversion and secession legislation would make it illegal to threaten the presence and stability of the People's Republic of China (PRC) under laws handling treason and war, and also used vague and undefined terms that left the legal threshold for prosecution unclear.<a href="#cite_note-weisenhaus-15">[15]</a> Though the bill had been introduced in February 2003, major protest towards it did not happen for several months, as Asia was experiencing the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS epidemic</a>. In June, as the city had recovered, the <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy camp">pro-democracy camp</a> mobilised the public to oppose the bill, and on 1 July, the sixth anniversary of the handover, more than a half million Hong Kong residents took to the streets against <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Security" title="Secretary for Security">Secretary for Security</a> <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a>, who was in charge of the bill. In the evening of 6 July, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/James_Tien_Pei-chun" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tien Pei-chun">James Tien</a> decided to withdraw from the "governing coalition" by resigning from the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a> in protest. Knowing that the bill would not be passed without the Liberal Party, the government finally decided to postpone it, before it was shelved indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-Wong-19">[19]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Differences between the 2003 National Security Bill and the 2020 National Security Law<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2003 National Security Bill </th> <th>2020 National Security Law </th></tr> <tr> <td>Procedure of enactment </td> <td>Government released consultation document and went through local consultations. Debated and scrutinised in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Hong Kong Legislative Council</a>. Government offered modifications after backlash. </td> <td>Passed by the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (NPC) Standing Committee, pursuant to NPC authorisation. No widespread consultation or release of contents prior to passage. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Police search powers without a court <a href="/wiki/Search_warrant" title="Search warrant">warrant</a> </td> <td>Authorised under the initial bill, removed by the government as a concession. </td> <td>Authorised. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Definition of the crime of <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> </td> <td>The use of "force or serious criminal means" that "seriously endangers the stability" of China or engaging in war is necessary to constitute secession. </td> <td>Secession includes acts "whether or not by force or threat of force". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Actors subject to the law </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">Subversion</a> and secession are limited to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_permanent_residents" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong permanent residents">Hong Kong permanent residents</a>, and treason to Chinese nationals regardless of where the crime was committed. </td> <td>Covers anyone in Hong Kong regardless of nationality or residency status, and also applies to offences committed from outside Hong Kong by a person who is not a permanent resident. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jurisdiction for prosecution </td> <td>Hong Kong government and courts retain jurisdiction. </td> <td>The central government's <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> may exercise jurisdiction in certain circumstances. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Beijing camp">Pro-Beijing</a> Hong Kong politicians have spoken about the proposed law since <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">independence movements</a> grew in Hong Kong. When China announced that "[Beijing] will absolutely neither permit anyone advocating secession in Hong Kong nor allow any pro-independence activists to enter a government institution", Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a> said Hong Kong would enact a security law targeting pro-independence movement in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-scmp_2043556-24">[24]</a> In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhimin" title="Wang Zhimin">Wang Zhimin</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_of_the_Central_People%27s_Government_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong">Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong</a>, urged the Hong Kong government to enact national security legislation as he said "Hong Kong is the only place in the world without a national security legislation – it's a major weakness in the nation's overall security, and it has a direct impact on residents".<a href="#cite_note-scmp_2141777-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude_to_legislation">Prelude to legislation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prelude to legislation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Black_Bauhinia_flag" title="Black Bauhinia flag"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/240px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Causes of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Background</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">Extradition bill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Poon_Hiu-wing" title="Murder of Poon Hiu-wing">Murder of Poon Hiu-wing</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">Umbrella Revolution</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">2019 <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(March%E2%80%93June_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (March–June 2019)">March–June</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(July_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2019)">July</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(August_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (August 2019)">August</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(September_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (September 2019)">September</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(October_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (October 2019)">October</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(November_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (November 2019)">November</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(December_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (December 2019)">December</a></li></ul></div>2020 <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(January_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (January 2020)">January</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(February_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (February 2020)">February</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(March_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (March 2020)">March</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(April_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (April 2020)">April</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(May_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (May 2020)">May</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(June_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)">June</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(July_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2020)">July</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(August_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (August 2020)">August</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(September_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (September 2020)">September</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major incidents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/12_June_2019_Hong_Kong_protest" title="12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest">12 June</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Legislative_Council_Complex" title="Storming of the Legislative Council Complex">Storming of LegCo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yuen_Long_attack" title="2019 Yuen Long attack">Yuen Long attack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Prince_Edward_station_attack" title="2019 Prince Edward station attack">Prince Edward station attack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong conflict">CUHK conflict</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University" title="Siege of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University">Siege of PolyU</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_methods_surrounding_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Tactics and methods surrounding the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Tactics and methods</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Art of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Art and music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Way" title="Hong Kong Way">Hong Kong Way</a></li><li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_to_Hong_Kong" title="Glory to Hong Kong">Glory to Hong Kong</a>"</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)">Lennon Wall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Liberty_Hong_Kong" title="Lady Liberty Hong Kong">Lady Liberty Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/HKmap.live" title="HKmap.live">HKmap.live</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Alliance" title="Spark Alliance">Spark Alliance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_economic_circle" title="Yellow economic circle">Yellow economic circle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lam_chau_(doctrine)" title="Lam chau (doctrine)">Mutual Assured Destruction</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Fatalities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam" title="Death of Chan Yin-lam">Chan Yin-lam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chow_Tsz-lok" title="Death of Chow Tsz-lok">Chow Tsz-lok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Luo_Changqing" title="Death of Luo Changqing">Luo Changqing</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Reactions to the protests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct_allegations_during_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Allegations of police misconduct</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_on_Face_Covering_Regulation" title="Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation">Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Human_Rights_and_Democracy_Act" title="Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act">Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Be_Water_Act" title="Hong Kong Be Water Act">Hong Kong Be Water Act</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National security law</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">NPCSC's decision</a> · <a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">Local effects</a> · <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_2020_Chinese_involvement_with_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law">Responses</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Act" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Act">Hong Kong Autonomy Act</a>)</li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">Reactions</a> to the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong national security law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">2020 <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(October_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (October 2020)">October</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(November_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (November 2020)">November</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(December_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (December 2020)">December</a></li></ul></div>2021 <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(January_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (January 2021)">January</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(February_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (February 2021)">February</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(March_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (March 2021)">March</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(April_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (April 2021)">April</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(May_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (May 2021)">May</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(June_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (June 2021)">June</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(July_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (July 2021)">July</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(August_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (August 2021)">August</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(September%E2%80%93November_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (September–November 2021)">September–November</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Demonstrations_against_extradition_bill_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Demonstrations against extradition bill in Hong Kong">Commons</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Category:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_sidebar" title="Template:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_sidebar" title="Template talk:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law#Autonomy_under_Chinese_sovereignty" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law § Autonomy under Chinese sovereignty</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> When I reported in 1997 on the Hong Kong celebrations bidding farewell to British rule, there was one question on all lips. It was: how long would Beijing's 50-year pledge of "one nation, two systems" survive? The guesses were five years, perhaps 10. China would surely milk the cash cow for all it was worth, but any sign of trouble and Beijing would instantly wipe this "imperialist pimple" off the map. No one dreamed China's patience would last 23 years. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Simon Jenkins</a><a href="#cite_note-jenkins2july-26">[26]</a></cite> </div> In 2019, the Hong Kong government introduced an <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">extradition law amendment bill</a> proposing to allow extradition to countries and territories that have no formal extradition agreements with Hong Kong, including Taiwan and Mainland China, in certain circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The bill sparked continuing protests, and was later withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-scmp_3025641-28">[28]</a> The Chinese authorities attributed the instability to failing to exert critical influence over local affairs.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a> reported that the Chinese central government believed that the political climate in Hong Kong, due to the protests, precludes the passage of national security legislation under Article 23, while Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> added that the protests made the law more necessary than before, and so China resorted to enactment of security measures through the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (NPC) instead.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian29may-31">[31]</a> On 15 April, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">liaison office</a> in Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/Luo_Huining" title="Luo Huining">Luo Huining</a>, called for the rapid passing of a national security law for the city.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200415_china-32">[32]</a> On 18 June 2020, the Chinese government introduced a draft to the NPC, aiming for the session to take three days. This is a much more rapid process than bills in the NPC, which go through three different rounds of approval.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200618_china-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NPCSC_decision">NPCSC decision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: NPCSC decision">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation</a></div> On 22 May 2020, the NPC approved a <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_Decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="National People's Congress Decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">decision</a> to authorise the NPCSC to enact a national security law for Hong Kong if Hong Kong did not "legislate national security law according to the Basic Law as soon as possible".<a href="#cite_note-rtr22may-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The decision authorises the NPCSC to enact laws for "a sound legal system" in the territory.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-dw_53537557-36">[36]</a> An NPCSC deputy claims that the Article 23 legislative provisions still have to be passed by August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-thestandard_20200504-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_responses_and_analyses">Initial responses and analyses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Initial responses and analyses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis_of_Chinese_government_involvement">Analysis of Chinese government involvement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Analysis of Chinese government involvement">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China,_Liu_He,_2018_(27309127577).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>Chinese vice premier <a href="/wiki/Liu_He_(politician)" title="Liu He (politician)">Liu He</a> meeting with US president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in May 2018. The two nations' deteriorating relations have been suggested as a cause for the Chinese government imposing more restrictions on Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-russel-38">[38]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Brian_C._H._Fong" title="Brian C. H. Fong">Brian Fong</a>, a political analyst in Hong Kong-Mainland Chinese relations, explains that the move is a dramatic change in Chinese policy, and a risky one that could lead to Beijing "losing access to foreign capital and technology through Hong Kong".<a href="#cite_note-bbcJune122020-39">[39]</a> The American diplomat of Asian affairs <a href="/wiki/Daniel_R._Russel" title="Daniel R. Russel">Daniel R. Russel</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a> on 3 June 2020 that China was "fully aware of both the local and the international reaction it could expect" when the NPC passed its decision about the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-russel-38">[38]</a> Russel explained that the reaction in 2003, the 2019 protests, and some US sanctions favouring Hong Kong over Mainland China set the baseline for response to the decision. He also noted that China's reputation was already low internationally because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> (noting that, "ironically", it was in the same position as in 2003 with SARS and the legislation), especially in the US where "public attitudes toward the other nation have taken a sharp turn for the worse" because of the pandemic that originated in China.<a href="#cite_note-russel-38">[38]</a> However, he added that Beijing had at the time an "increased level of resolve [and] tolerance for negative consequences"; he wrote that forceful economic action from the US may prompt the Chinese government to retaliate with military action in Hong Kong, suggesting that both nations have a disregard for the territory if it can be used for benefit in <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">their trade war</a> and warning that "Hong Kong may be martyred in the process".<a href="#cite_note-russel-38">[38]</a> On 9 June 2020, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>'s China specialists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Branigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tania Branigan (page does not exist)">Tania Branigan</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lily_Kuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lily Kuo (page does not exist)">Lily Kuo</a> published a report titled "How Hong Kong caught fire: the story of a radical uprising". In it, they wrote that "the nature of [Chinese government involvement] is as alarming as its content: it sets a precedent of Beijing forcing unpopular legislation on Hong Kong", in open defiance of the handover terms.<a href="#cite_note-branigankuo-40">[40]</a> They also look at the approach of the law, explaining that Beijing has given "material security in place of political freedoms" to its people in Mainland China, and plans to do the same in Hong Kong because it sees all issues as purely economical and protests only escalating because of "troublemakers and hostile foreign powers".<a href="#cite_note-branigankuo-40">[40]</a> In terms of how it is being executed, the pair assert that in 2020, "Beijing has abandoned any pretence of winning hearts and minds", instead using force to prevent democracy politicians and activists from having platforms, which Branigan and Kuo say is a plan to use fear to suppress Hong Kong, as "persuasion" has not worked.<a href="#cite_note-branigankuo-40">[40]</a> The Chinese government's legal basis for involvement comes from the Chinese constitution declaring Hong Kong part of China, and Article 18 of the Hong Kong Basic Law allowing for Chinese laws to be valid in Hong Kong if they are included in Annex III. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> expects that the NPCSC national security law will stand as a Chinese national law that applies to Hong Kong, as it will be added to Annex III; Dang Yuan wrote for Deutsche Welle that "Beijing wants to maintain the appearance of Hong Kong's autonomy and continues to insist that Hong Kong pass its 'own' corresponding law" in alignment with the NPCSC legislation.<a href="#cite_note-DW-41">[41]</a> Deutsche Welle wrote that China chose mid-2020 as the time to intervene with a restrictive law because of the likelihood of a democratic majority winning in the Hong Kong elections in September, meaning another Hong Kong attempt at a national security law would be unlikely.<a href="#cite_note-DW-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation#Domestic_responses" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation § Domestic responses</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg/220px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg/330px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg/440px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9C%BE%E5%BF%97%E8%AB%87%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%8B%A24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption>Three prominent pro-democracy activists <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Nathan Law</a> (left), <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow" title="Agnes Chow">Agnes Chow</a> (middle), and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a> (right) left their party <a href="/wiki/Demosist%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosistō">Demosistō</a> on 30 June. Later that day, the party announced that it would disband with immediate effect.</figcaption></figure> A large number of Hong Kong residents opposed the Chinese government proposals. The prospect of any national security law has always been unpopular, but protesters in 2020 said that the new proposals "strikes at the heart of Hong Kong's civic political identity, its success as an international hub. But most of all it strikes at people's sense of belonging".<a href="#cite_note-bbcJune122020-39">[39]</a> Some Hong Kong opponents of the law hope it will cause other countries to revoke their special treatment toward Hong Kong, which will in turn damage China's economy, using the Cantonese slang term <a href="/wiki/Lam_chau_(doctrine)" title="Lam chau (doctrine)">lam chau</a> to describe this.<a href="#cite_note-bbcJune122020-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-branigankuo-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Bar_Association" title="Hong Kong Bar Association">Hong Kong Bar Association</a>, the city's professional body representing its barristers, issued a statement saying that it was "gravely concerned with both the contents of the [national security law] and the manner of its introduction." The statement noted that the law was enacted in a way that prevented the city's lawyers, judges, police and residents from understanding its contents in any way prior to its coming into force.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The Hong Kong politician <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ng" title="Margaret Ng">Margaret Ng</a> believes that the Chinese government has wanted to implement a national security law in Hong Kong under their terms for years, and are using the 2019 protests as an excuse, saying that "China has always found it difficult to accept the kind of freedom and restraint to power that Hong Kong has under a separate system".<a href="#cite_note-bbcJune122020-39">[39]</a> Man-Kei Tam, the Hong Kong director of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, described the Chinese legislation as "<a href="/wiki/Orwellian" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a>".<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200613_hong-44">[44]</a> In light of the passing of the national security law on 30 June, prominent democracy activists <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Nathan Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow" title="Agnes Chow">Agnes Chow</a>, and Jeffrey Ngo announced that they would be leaving <a href="/wiki/Demosist%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosistō">Demosistō</a>, which had been involved in lobbying in the US for the passing of the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act and the suspension of the city's special trade status. Shortly afterward, Demosistō was disbanded and all operations were ceased.<a href="#cite_note-aj30june-45">[45]</a> Two other <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">pro-independent</a> groups announced that they had ended their operations in Hong Kong, fearing that they would be the targets of the new law.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Nathan Law fled the country shortly afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Adrian Brown from <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> observed the passing of the law created a <a href="/wiki/Chilling_effect" title="Chilling effect">chilling effect</a> in the city. According to him, when his team began interviewing ordinary people about their opinions on the passing of the law, many of them declined to comment, a phenomenon which he perceived to be "unusual".<a href="#cite_note-aj30june-45">[45]</a> Though the law was not retroactive, many Hong Kong people deleted pro-democracy social media posts and accounts, and asked journalists to destroy evidence of previous conversations.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Businesses participating in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow economy">yellow economy</a> removed pro-democracy posters, <a href="/wiki/Lennon_Wall" title="Lennon Wall">Lennon Walls</a>, and pro-democracy social media posts. Already after the passage of the NPCSC decision on 22 May, Hong Kong citizens began looking for ways to <a href="/wiki/Emigrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrate">emigrate</a> and leave Hong Kong, feeling that the law would fundamentally damage their rights of expression and freedom. Ten times the usual number of web searches about emigration were recorded after the decision was announced.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200529_no-49">[49]</a> Following the British announcement that it would open a route to British citizenship for Hong Kongers born under British rule, a spike in interest in properties in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada occurred.<a href="#cite_note-scmp_3087329-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp_3086704-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> held a poll of local opinion towards the law, in June before it was implemented. The result showed that a majority of Hong Kongers opposed the law, with 49% strongly opposing it and 7% somewhat opposing it. About a third of Hong Kongers said they supported the law, with 27% strongly supporting it and 7% somewhat supporting it.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Reuters conducted another poll after the law was implemented in late August. Which showed that 60% of the respondents opposed the law and a little bit over 31% supported the law.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The Hong Kong Research Association interviewed 1,097 adult citizens by telephone on 2–5 July. 66% of the respondents support the National People's Congress Standing Committee's enactment of the "Hong Kong National Security Law" and its implementation in Hong Kong in Annex III of the Basic Law, while 31% do not support it; the survey also shows that 47% of the respondents believe The "Hong Kong National Security Law" has a positive impact on Hong Kong's prospects, 32% of the respondents have no impact, and 17% think it has a negative impact.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/One_Country_Two_Systems_Research_Institute" title="One Country Two Systems Research Institute">One Country Two Systems Research Institute</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">pro-Beijing</a> think tank, conducted a telephone sampling survey in May 2020 and interviewed 963 adult citizens in Hong Kong. The institution reported that to the question "Do you think Hong Kong is responsible for safeguarding the country's security?", 74% of those who answered "Responsible", 16.6% of "No responsibility", and 9.5% of "Don't know/difficult to tell".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 1 June, a pro-Beijing group claimed it had gathered more than 2.9 million signatures supporting the legislation, through a website and street booths. Around the same time, the heads of the governing council of Hong Kong's eight publicly funded universities jointly backed Beijing's plan to impose a national security law on the city, specifically "the introduction of legislation which prohibits criminal acts that threaten the existence of the state".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)">Republic of China (Taiwan)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Republic of China (Taiwan)">edit</a>]</div> Taiwanese President <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> expressed her disappointment with the controversial law and announced that a special office for coordinating humanitarian assistance to the Hong Kong people would officially open on the first of July in response to the law's passage.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> warned that this was the end of the "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>" policy for Hong Kong and that Taiwanese people travelling to Hong Kong should take care.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The head of the Mainland Affairs Council <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ming-tong" title="Chen Ming-tong">Chen Ming-tong</a> described the law as "a decree issued by the Celestial Empire to the people of the world" due to its impacts on people worldwide not just in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_2020_Chinese_involvement_with_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law">Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law</a> and <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">China–United Kingdom relations</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Sure, handover promises to the UK were made but [Xi Jinping] was not going to let some Western attachment to liberty trump loyalty to the motherland. Not on his watch. Enter the security law.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McDonell" title="Stephen McDonell">Stephen McDonell</a>, 30 June 2020<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The UK, of which Hong Kong is a former colony, encouraged China to back down on the security law per the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a>: terms of the UK handing sovereignty of Hong Kong to China included allowing Hong Kong to maintain autonomy and its British-based form of governance.<a href="#cite_note-guardian3june-63">[63]</a> British <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> stated that China was violating the Joint Declaration in their attempts to pursue the law.<a href="#cite_note-sky3june-64">[64]</a> On 3 June, the Chinese government announced that they consider the Joint Declaration to have become void as soon as power was transferred in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-guardian3june-63">[63]</a> At the start of June 2020, Raab and former Foreign Secretaries called for a formation of a large international alliance to exert pressure on Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200602_raab-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_52872131-66">[66]</a> The biannual 11 June 2020 UK Report on Hong Kong (covering the last six months of 2019) had Raab more firmly warn China against interference, as well as reiterating the UK's right to comment on Hong Kong. The report requests that China abstain from interfering in the September elections in Hong Kong, and accuses the Chinese government of torturing a former employee of the British Consulate in Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cheng" title="Simon Cheng">Simon Cheng</a>, who visited the Mainland when working at the <a href="/wiki/British_Consulate-General,_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="British Consulate-General, Hong Kong">British Consulate in Hong Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardianjune112020-67">[67]</a> Six days later, the UK said that a new human rights law, which has been stalled in <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> for several months, could be used to "sanction Chinese officials if Beijing presses ahead" with the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> The British law is to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Magnitsky_legislation" title="Magnitsky legislation">Magnitsky legislation</a>, for the government to sanction those who commit acts repressing human rights.<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> The 10 June 2021 semiannual report (covering the last six months of 2020) stated that Beijing had used the national security law in that period to "drastically curtail" free speech and to "stifle political opposition". It further raised concerns about "increasing pressure" on foreign judges. A spokesperson of the Hong Kong government said in response that the report was "inaccurate", a "smearing" of the national security law, and "adopting double standards".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extending_Hong_Kong_British_National_(Overseas)_rights">Extending Hong Kong British National (Overseas) rights</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Extending Hong Kong British National (Overseas) rights">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_(48648686232).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg/220px-Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg/330px-Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg/440px-Hong_Kon_IMG_20190830_210438_1_%2848648686232%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Hong Kong protesters flying both the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> and the colonial <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_(1959%E2%80%931997)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997)">Dragon and Lion flag</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British National (Overseas)</a></div> In late May and early June 2020, members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">British Cabinet</a> also announced measures to provide a route to British citizenship for 3 million Hong Kong residents.<a href="#cite_note-guardianvisa-70">[70]</a> On 3 June, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> announced that if China were to continue pursuing the law, he would allow Hong Kong residents with <a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British National (Overseas)</a> to claim a visa and open a path to British citizenship for them. Raab said that the UK would sacrifice trade deals with China to support Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-sky3june-64">[64]</a> Raab delivered a proposal on <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode" title="Right of abode">right of abode</a> legislation to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> on 2 June.<a href="#cite_note-guardianvisa-70">[70]</a> His measure planned to allow BN(O) passport holders to apply for a visa,<a href="#cite_note-guardian29may-31">[31]</a> remain in the UK for an initial period of twelve months instead of six as previously, allow them to apply to study and work, and thereby provide them a path to citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_idUSKBN2342H7-71">[71]</a> Further to this proposal, Johnson's 3 June announcement would cover all of the approximately 3 million Hong Kong residents with BN(O) status born before 1997.<a href="#cite_note-guardian3june-63">[63]</a> The extent of the scheme was clarified on 12 June 2020 by <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Priti_Patel" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> in correspondence with Johnson. All people eligible for BN(O) status, as well as their dependents, would be allowed to enter the UK under the scheme. This extent was still criticised for leaving a gap of young adults born after 1997 who were no longer dependents of a BN(O) and thus would not be able to access the scheme. She added that Hong Kong residents could start to come to the UK without restrictions while the scheme was still being set up, if the national security law were passed.<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> On 1 July, Johnson announced the full plans. BN(O)s and their dependents will be able to apply for a visa allowing them to remain in the UK for 5 years, including being free to work and study. After 5 years they can, under normal British nationality law, apply for <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">settled status</a> and then, a year later, for citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_53246899-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuenssberg_2020-73">[73]</a> Applications for the BN(O) visa were set to open on 31 January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other countries">edit</a>]</div> The UK held a teleconference with its allies in the <a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a> alliance (the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) in the first few days of June, where they discussed the Hong Kong situation and requested that should the BNO extension go ahead, the other countries would share the burden of taking in Hong Kongers in the resulting exodus. Foreign ministers from the Five Eyes members and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK jointly wrote a letter to the United Nations requesting "a new special envoy to monitor the impact of the law on Hong Kong", especially noting the national security law proposal came in the week of the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre.<a href="#cite_note-guardianaustralia-75">[75]</a> Following persuasion from the UK, all members of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>, notably including Japan, signed an official statement both urging China to reconsider the national security law and expressing concerns about human rights in Hong Kong on 17 June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> Australia, with strong ties to Hong Kong, notably delayed action<a href="#cite_note-guardianaustralia-75">[75]</a> until 9 July, when the country announced new visa and permit schemes for Hong Kongers to match the UK's offer.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> That same day, the Australian Government suspended Australia's extradition agreement with Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In retaliation, China suspended its extradition agreement with Australia. Beijing also suspended its extradition agreements with the United Kingdom and Canada, which had suspended their extradition agreements with Hong Kong in response to the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> On 9 July, New Zealand Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> announced that New Zealand would review "the setting of its relationship" with Hong Kong in response to the introduction of the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On 28 July, New Zealand suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong on the grounds that it "eroded rule-of-law principles" and undermined the "one country, two systems" rule.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In retaliation, China severed its extradition agreement with New Zealand on 3 August.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Japan">edit</a>]</div> In Japan, <a href="/wiki/Gen_Nakatani" title="Gen Nakatani">Gen Nakatani</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shiori_Yamao" title="Shiori Yamao">Shiori Yamao</a> set up a nonpartisan group, on 29 July, with the aim of easing visa requirements for any Hong Kong citizens leaving the city due to the national security law, and making it easier for Hong Kongers to work and immigrate to Japan. It also urges the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Japanese Government</a> to not extradite any potential offenders of the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Under the provisions of the Extradition Act, the general framework for extradition by Japanese Law, political prisoners cannot be extradited to foreign countries, and offenders of the national security law are considered to fall under such status.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> United States President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> declared that the administrative principle of ''<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a>,'' which acted to guide Hong Kong policy as separate from Mainland China, was no longer in effect, and issued <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13936" title="Executive Order 13936">Executive Order 13936</a>, which terminated Hong Kong's special trade status with the United States. Trump also canceled <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright programs</a> with China.<a href="#cite_note-:Li-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">US Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Act" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Act">Hong Kong Autonomy Act</a>, which in August 2020 issued sanctions on several Hong Kong officials deemed responsible for ''undermining the autonomy of Hong Kong,'' via the National Security Law, including Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a>. Citing human rights concerns, it cancelled its extradition treaty and suspended cooperation on training police and military.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On 14 October 2020, the United States Department of State released a report on 10 individuals who it deemed to have "materially" contributed in the past or present to "the failure of [China] to meet its obligations under the Sino-British Joint Declaration and Hong Kong's Basic Law", or attempted to do so. <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xiaoming" title="Zhang Xiaoming">Zhang Xiaoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luo_Huining" title="Luo Huining">Luo Huining</a>, Carrie Lam, <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Cheng_(politician)" title="Teresa Cheng (politician)">Teresa Cheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erick_Tsang" title="Erick Tsang">Erick Tsang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yanxiong" title="Zheng Yanxiong">Zheng Yanxiong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chan" title="Eric Chan">Eric Chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Tang" title="Chris Tang">Chris Tang</a> were on the list.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Four more officials were sanctioned by the Department of State on 9 November, including <a href="/wiki/Edwina_Lau_Chi-wai" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwina Lau Chi-wai">Edwina Lau Chi-wai</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Committee for Safeguarding National Security</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiangzhou" title="Li Jiangzhou">Li Jiangzhou</a>, deputy director of the Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 7 December 14 vice chairs of the NPCSC were sanctioned by freezing any US assets and barring travel to the United States,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> a move which China's foreign ministry spokeswoman <a href="/wiki/Hua_Chunying" title="Hua Chunying">Hua Chunying</a> strongly condemned on 8 December at a regular press briefing as "vile intention to grossly interfere in internal affairs".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> Ireland announced that from 23 October 2020, the extradition treaty to Hong Kong will be suspended due to the implementation of the NSL.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_community">Business community</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Business community">edit</a>]</div> On 3 June, the banks <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a> gave their backing to the law. HSBC made a post stating the company "respects and supports all laws that stabilise Hong Kong's social order". Standard Chartered stated they believe the law can "help maintain the long-term economic and social stability of Hong Kong".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In response, British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab criticised HSBC's statements, saying "ultimately businesses will make their own judgement calls, but let me just put it this way, we will not sacrifice the people of Hong Kong over the altar of banker bonuses".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Over 61% of the responses in a business community survey said that the law would either have a positive or no impact at all on their businesses over the long term, according to the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_General_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce">Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce</a>. Some 54% viewed the law as "controversial", with the threat of foreign sanctions being seen as their biggest concern, though only affecting business in the short term.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_community">Educational community</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Educational community">edit</a>]</div> Following the implementation of the national security law <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, along with a number of other universities, took measures to protect their students and faculty from it. Recording of classes was prohibited, work was anonymised, and small group tutorials were replaced with one-on-one meetings with faculty.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS University of London</a> warned students and faculty that they could face arrest and prosecution if they brought copies of their lecture notes to Hong Kong or mainland China in either physical or electronic form.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_analysis_of_British_and_international_responses">Political analysis of British and international responses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political analysis of British and international responses">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>'s stance on Hong Kong is considered firm. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a> notes that Johnson was once an editor for <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>, a British politics magazine that "has for decades campaigned in favour of standing up for Hong Kong and making its citizens British".<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></figcaption></figure> Johnson had previously voiced support for Hong Kong autonomy against the proposed extradition bill that incited the protests in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_49014791-104">[104]</a> Johnson is seen as taking a more forceful approach to Hong Kong autonomy than former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>; The Guardian's diplomatic editor <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wintour" title="Patrick Wintour">Patrick Wintour</a> wrote on 3 June 2020 that Cameron had been scared of the public perception of an influx of Hong Kong nationals to the UK in 2015 (when he encouraged China to allow Hong Kong to elect its leader without Beijing interference but went no further), while Johnson's hard stance to allow such mass migration is seen as a risk worth taking because it would also fundamentally undermine China's economy.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200603_hong-105">[105]</a> Wintour and Guardian journalist Helen Davidson suggested that the ambiguity and possible conflicting statements on the number of Hong Kong residents the BNO measures will be extended to could reflect several things. One reason may be differences in opinion within the Cabinet, but Wintour and Davidson also write that it may be a tactic "to leave China guessing about the potential scale of a British-enabled <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a> from Hong Kong, if Beijing seeks to suppress human rights in the territory".<a href="#cite_note-guardianvisa-70">[70]</a> The director of Hong Kong Watch, a human rights NGO, Johnny Patterson, felt that Johnson's announcement was "a watershed moment in Sino-British relations [because] no sitting PM has made a statement as bold as this on Hong Kong since the handover".<a href="#cite_note-guardianvisa-70">[70]</a> Patterson added that it shows "the severity of the situation on the ground [and] the fact that the British government genuinely, and rightly, feel a sense of duty to citizens of Hong Kong and are going to do all they can to stop them becoming the collateral damage of escalating geopolitical tensions".<a href="#cite_note-guardianvisa-70">[70]</a> Davidson and Guardian Australia journalist Daniel Hurst note that despite powerful political calls in the country, and a precedent of good relations with Hong Kong and helping evacuate Chinese people in times of emergency, Morrison had a detached approach to the issue of welcoming fleeing Hong Kongers. They said Australia was "issuing statements of concern jointly with likeminded countries including the US, the UK and Canada, rather than speaking out on its own", and said this was because Australia had recently strained its relations with China when it was early to call for an inquiry related to the spread of COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-guardianaustralia-75">[75]</a> Japan, which signed a statement with the G7 condemning China in relation to imposition of the law on 17 June, is typically neutral to Chinese politics. Wintour suggested that Japan decided to add their voice to the international dissent because of "a growing Japanese perception of the technological threat to Japanese security posed by China".<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> said that he wanted Japan to take the lead on the G7's statement, an announcement that drew criticism from China.<a href="#cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">[68]</a> In the wake of the new security law implemented in Hong Kong by China, the United Kingdom suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong on 20 July 2020. The UK Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> suggested that the revocation of <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> treaty will prevent its misuse.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> South Korea has not taken a clear position for or against the national security law. Experts believe that outright support for China on these issues would damage South Korea's vital diplomatic relationship with the US and would also run counter to South Korea's pro-democracy views.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> At the same time, vocally opposing China would risk damaging South Korea economically, since China is their most prominent trading partner and had already placed informal sanctions on South Korea in the past regarding their participation in the US-led <a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense</a> (THAAD) missile defence programme announced in July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Legislation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_plans">Initial plans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Initial plans">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> ...the full text of the law doesn't really matter: the national security law is not an end in itself but a means for China to bring Hong Kong to heel. The law means whatever Beijing wants it to mean... </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Tom Cheshire, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> Asia correspondent<a href="#cite_note-Cheshire29June-110">[110]</a></cite> </div> Chinese plans for the legislation included most prominently criminalising "separatism, subversion, terrorism and foreign interference", which many interpreted as a crackdown on civil liberties, government critics, and the independence movement.<a href="#cite_note-guardian29may-31">[31]</a> China also planned to implement an intelligence service in Hong Kong under the law, using the PRC's own <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> police force that previously had no power or influence in Hong Kong. Various national governments expressed concern that the Chinese plans would undermine Hong Kong autonomy and the "one country, two systems" policy. The NPC approved the Chinese plans on 29 May 2020, with state media outlet <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> declaring that the approval "sends a strong signal [...] to anti-China forces in Hong Kong desperately fighting like a cornered wild beast: your defeat has already been decided".<a href="#cite_note-guardian29may-31">[31]</a> After gatherings marking the one-year anniversary of the extradition law protest movement on 8 June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xiaoming" title="Zhang Xiaoming">Zhang Xiaoming</a>, deputy director of China's <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office</a> who had been demoted from the director position in February 2020, said that the national security law would only give Hong Kong residents more freedom, saying: "They can be free from the fear of violence. They can ride the train and go shopping freely. They can speak the truth on the street without the fear of being beaten up. In particular, they no longer have to worry about young people being brainwashed."<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200609_retrieving-111">[111]</a> Carrie Lam refused to rule out that the law could be applied retroactively.<a href="#cite_note-branigankuo-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a>, controlled by the People's Daily, suggested that past <a href="/wiki/Twitter#Tweets" title="Twitter">tweets</a> from the pro-democracy Hong Kong businessman <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a> may be used as evidence to prosecute Lai under the law. Former Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">CY Leung</a> also suspected it may be used to ban Tiananmen Square vigils.<a href="#cite_note-yang-16">[16]</a> On 10 June 2020, Hong Kong police began "establishing dedicated unit to enforce the new law", which had not been formally announced at that point;<a href="#cite_note-bbcJune122020-39">[39]</a> the next day, the British government revealed that an outline of the Chinese legislation "includes provision for the authorities in Hong Kong to report back to Beijing on progress in pursuing national security education of its people".<a href="#cite_note-guardianjune112020-67">[67]</a> While Hong Kong's public universities publicly supported the law and said it will not affect academia and research, scientists in the territory feared that <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19#Censorship_and_police_responses" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">China's censorship of COVID-19 research publication</a> would be extended to Hong Kong under the law. They also expressed concern that Hong Kong will likely be stripped of international funding within academia. A further worry within the field was the growth of <a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">self-censorship</a> as a defensive response to fear of being punished for "publishing research that could upset the central government", citing unsuccessful trials as something that could harm market prospects, making scientists fear continuing to work at all.<a href="#cite_note-Nature-112">[112]</a> One dean, speaking to <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> in June 2020, insisted the law would not affect publishing, but did acknowledge that access to US data would become restricted.<a href="#cite_note-Nature-112">[112]</a> On 15 June 2020, the 30th anniversary of the Basic Law being officially enacted, Beijing announced that the Chinese government reserves the right to deal with cases under the national security law, expecting the number to be low and in "very special circumstances", and that a mainland security office must be opened in Hong Kong as a demand of the government.<a href="#cite_note-15JuneSCMP-113">[113]</a> The government refused to qualify what the exceptional circumstances may be, leading to fears that the law will be used to arrest critics of Beijing and then have them extradited to the mainland for prosecution. As well as the new mainland security office, Hong Kong must allow Chinese security agencies to operate in the region when needed, and accept that Chinese agencies "will supervise and guide the Hong Kong government".<a href="#cite_note-15JuneSCMP-113">[113]</a> Controversy had already erupted the day before, after police arrested a teenage schoolgirl for protesting by using a knee to pin her neck to the ground, with another officer pinning her at the waist. This drew comparisons to the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> and prompted questions about the use of force on a non-violent minor.<a href="#cite_note-hongkongfp_20200615_i-114">[114]</a> The first concrete details of the legislation were announced on 15 June 2020,<a href="#cite_note-15JuneSCMP-113">[113]</a> but by the time lawmakers in Beijing were approving final drafts on 29 June 2020, Carrie Lam had still not seen a draft of the law.<a href="#cite_note-Cheshire29June-110">[110]</a> The law went through initial stages of deliberation between 18–20 June.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provisions">Provisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Provisions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_on_Safeguarding_National_Security_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_(English_Translation).pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf/page1-220px-Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf/page1-330px-Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf/page1-440px-Hong_Kong_National_Security_Law_%28English_Translation%29.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Hong Kong National Security Law (English translation – PDF)</figcaption></figure> The NPCSC passed the law unanimously, with 163 votes for and none against, on 30 June 2020 and listed it under Annex III of the Basic Law, bypassing Hong Kong approval. Xi Jinping, in his capacity as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">president</a>, signed the law on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> According to media reports, the final law would criminalise secession of Hong Kong, subversion against the Chinese government, terrorism, and colluding with foreign forces.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20200630-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters202006030-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian20200630-5">[5]</a> The law is broader than China's own criminal law.<a href="#cite_note-npr5things-117">[117]</a> The law came into effect at 2300 local time (1500 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>) on 30 June and the full text of the law was only published at the time it became effective. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> noted the significance of the law coming into effect just before the 23rd anniversary of the 1 July 1997 handover, an event that annually draws large pro-democracy protests. Despite this, political leader <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chi-wai" title="Wu Chi-wai">Wu Chi-wai</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Democratic Party">Hong Kong Democratic Party</a>) said that he will still attend a march on 1 July.<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a> Al Jazeera's Katrina Yu said "It's very symbolic that this law has been passed just a day before the anniversary of Hong Kong's handover from Britain back to mainland China", saying it was a power play by China.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera30june-118">[118]</a> The law applies to Hong Kong permanent residents as well as non-residents, and those outside Hong Kong who violate the law.<a href="#cite_note-20200630TheGuardianKuoYu-119">[119]</a> It has six chapters and a total of 66 articles, published in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Gazette" title="Hong Kong Government Gazette">Hong Kong Government Gazette</a> solely in Chinese, although a de facto official English translation was made available almost immediately afterwards, with the Chinese version prevailing.<a href="#cite_note-textoflaw-1">[1]</a> These cover the four crimes (secession, subversion, terrorism, collusion),<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a> which are all punishable with a maximum sentence of life in prison.<a href="#cite_note-sku30june-120">[120]</a> The minimum sentence for "active participants" is set at 3 years, and under 3 years of detention or restriction for other participants or those that voluntarily surrender.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1July-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp-20200708-122">[122]</a> The areas of treason, sedition and theft of state secrets are not covered by the new law, and remained to be implemented by the Hong Kong legislature<a href="#cite_note-scmp-20200529-123">[123]</a> until the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a> in March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> China announced that they will administer the law, and that it can also be used to prosecute people from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-sku30june-120">[120]</a> Reviews of the content proved troubling to legal scholars and observers, as it is deemed to be "stronger than many feared, both in scope and penalties".<a href="#cite_note-reuters30june-125">[125]</a> While not carrying life sentences, peaceful protesters could see 10 years in prison if it is judged the protest movement has foreign links, and freedoms will be limited as all "foreign groups, organisations and media" will be subject to oversight from the Chinese government.<a href="#cite_note-reuters30june-125">[125]</a> Chinese intelligence agencies will be present in Hong Kong, and although they must abide by Hong Kong law, their actions are not subject to any form of oversight within Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-reuters30june-125">[125]</a> Any decisions made by the new Chinese national security commission will also be immune from facing legal challenge.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1July-121">[121]</a> Still, Reuters noted that the law explains it cannot be retroactively applied to actions that occurred before it was implemented.<a href="#cite_note-reuters30june-125">[125]</a> Other specific offences are laid out in the law, such as the damage of transport facilities being considered a terrorism offence. Article 29 of the law criminalises "inciting hatred of the central government and Hong Kong's regional government".<a href="#cite_note-bbc1July-121">[121]</a> This also seems to cover written works: on 5 July, at least nine books about democracy were made unavailable in Hong Kong as they were removed or reviewed for violating the law.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Article 38 details how foreign nationals committing acts outside of Hong Kong and China are criminally liable under the law, and that such foreigners could be arrested upon arrival in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1julya-127">[127]</a> Anyone found guilty under the law will be barred from public office for life.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1July-121">[121]</a> In respect to China taking control and extraditing suspects, Al Jazeera reported that: "The full text of the law gave three scenarios when China might take over a prosecution: complicated foreign interference cases, 'very serious' cases and when national security faces 'serious and realistic threats'."<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera30june-118">[118]</a> The law further explains that the action does not need to be violent, and that the minimum sentence in such cases will be 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera30june-118">[118]</a> Emily Feng wrote for <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> that, because of this power, China was effectively installing "an extreme version" of the failed <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">2019 Hong Kong extradition bill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-npr5things-117">[117]</a> As part of the Chinese security presence in Hong Kong, the law provides for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR</a>, a bureau exempt from Hong Kong jurisdiction<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> that can, if the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">Central People's Government</a> of the PRC chooses to grant it jurisdiction, prosecute cases under the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China">Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On 3 July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yanxiong" title="Zheng Yanxiong">Zheng Yanxiong</a> was appointed head of the bureau. Zheng is considered to have strong nationalist views on national security, including a dislike for media.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On 6 July 2020 the Hong Kong government published the Implementation Rules for Article 43.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a> The rules enable <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong police officers</a> to conduct searches at private properties without a warrant, restrict suspects' movements, freeze their assets and intercept communications. The police can also require publishers, <a href="/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">hosting providers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> to remove, or block or restrict access to, content that the police think is likely to constitute an offence under the national security law. If the providers do not co-operate immediately the police can seize equipment and remove the content themselves.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> People prosecuted under the law will face different <a href="/wiki/Designated_national_security_law_judges" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated national security law judges">judges with special designation</a> to the Hong Kong judiciary; BBC China correspondent <a href="/wiki/Stephen_McDonell" title="Stephen McDonell">Stephen McDonell</a> wrote on 30 June that Hong Kong's judges are independent and can appropriately interpret the law, which the Chinese government will not accept, and so judges will be appointed for this matter by the Chief Executive directly. McDonell writes that this is "effectively installed by Beijing".<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a> This brought into question the role of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, including many British, justices that hear cases in Hong Kong, though <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal">Chief Justice of Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ma" title="Geoffrey Ma">Geoffrey Ma</a> spoke up on 2 July to say that judges will be chosen by merit rather than political affiliation, and foreign judges will be permitted.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Some cases in Hong Kong can be held without juries if it is deemed they contain state secrets;<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera30june-118">[118]</a> similarly, the press and public will not be allowed to observe some court proceedings for some cases. The Guardian pointed out that closed-door trials are often used in mainland China in cases involving political dissidents.<a href="#cite_note-20200630TheGuardianKuoYu-119">[119]</a> The law does not presume bail will be granted for those arrested under it, and there is no limit to how long these people may be held.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1julya-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International reactions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(July_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2020)">Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2020)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg/220px-1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg/330px-1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg/440px-1_july_2020_implementation_Hong_Kong_Law_streets_in_Causeway_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2373" /></a><figcaption>On 1 July 2020, the day after implementation of the security law, tens of thousands of Hong Kong people gathered on the streets in <a href="/wiki/Causeway_Bay" title="Causeway Bay">Causeway Bay</a> to march. On 2 July, the Hong Kong government declared the '<a href="/wiki/Liberate_Hong_Kong,_revolution_of_our_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our time">Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our time</a>' slogan depicted on a banner here – "the most resonant slogan of its protest movement" – to be subversive and in violation of the law.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></figcaption></figure> More countries and groups responded after the law was enacted on 30 June 2020. The UK, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President of the European Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> responded with statements that China was destroying the rule of law in Hong Kong, and the UK, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and Canada warned their citizens against visiting Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc1julya-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianarrests-132">[132]</a> Presidents <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> of the European Council announced that they would discuss within Europe whether to discredit China as a trading partner. Speaking in the <a href="/wiki/UK_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="UK House of Commons">UK House of Commons</a>, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announced that the British National Overseas offer still stands, and saying that the UK may take further action if the full text of the law shows further breaches of the Joint Declaration. Germany also called for the postponed <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>-China summit to be rescheduled as soon as possible, while Japan spoke forcefully against China. France began more fervently reaching out to national leaders to create an international "anti-Chinese alliance".<a href="#cite_note-theguardian_20200630_european-133">[133]</a> A 30 June meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Council saw a majority of countries express support for the law. The British ambassador to the UN presented a statement on behalf of 27 other countries to the UN, criticising the law. The Cuban ambassador responded with a statement on behalf of 52 other countries in support of the law, stating that "Hong Kong affairs are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by foreign forces." The statement criticised the discussion of the law in the UNHRC itself, reasoning that "non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states is an essential principle enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and a basic norm of international relations."<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The China Media Project found that media reporting on the statement in the signatory countries besides China was scant, and in most cases ultimately sourced, through content sharing arrangements, from Chinese state media agency <a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg/306px-UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="306" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg/459px-UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg/612px-UNHRC_consensus_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Support and opposition to the law at the UNHRC on 30 June 2020 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Supportive</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Opposed</div></figcaption></figure> Tom Cheshire, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>'s Asia correspondent, wrote on 30 June 2020 that the law and its strength was evidence that the Chinese government does not care what the world thinks of its behaviour, that Xi Jinping could not wait until 2047 to take over Hong Kong, and that the timing suggests China felt the distraction of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rest of the world made it an easier moment to impose the law.<a href="#cite_note-sky_12018386-137">[137]</a> The same view was expressed by the BBC's diplomatic correspondent on 2 July, who wrote that "the Covid-19 crisis gave Beijing the opportunity to bring the Hong Kong crisis to a head",<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> while <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> expressed that the pandemic as well as "the antics of the Trump administration" were used as distraction, noting that the situation of world politics at the time was "discombobulated".<a href="#cite_note-cnn4july-139">[139]</a> Both political parties in the US created bills to provide <a href="/wiki/Refugee_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee status">refugee status</a> for Hong Kong residents, for those "at risk of persecution" because of the law,<a href="#cite_note-bbc1julya-127">[127]</a> and a bill passed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> on 2 July to sanction US banks that deal with China.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2july-140">[140]</a> Titled the Hong Kong Autonomy Act, it will now pass to the US president.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> British journalist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Simon Jenkins</a> wrote an <a href="/wiki/Opinion_piece" title="Opinion piece">opinion piece</a> on the law and its response, expressing pride at the democracy still shown in Hong Kong but also affirming that even these local democracy activists have long felt Hong Kong would end up a Chinese enclave. Jenkins suggested the law was damaging and inevitable, and the only appropriate response is to help the Hong Kongers who believe in democracy to leave.<a href="#cite_note-jenkins2july-26">[26]</a> On 3 July, Canada announced that it would stop extraditing people to Hong Kong, stop exporting certain goods including weapons to the Region, and would consider introducing new Hong Kong immigration measures,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council issued a formal warning which advised Taiwanese citizens against visiting China, Hong Kong, or Macao in light of the new security law so that they do not become a "second <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ming-che" title="Lee Ming-che">Lee Ming-che</a>".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On 9 July, Australia matched Canada in retracting its extradition deal, and matched the UK by establishing a path to permanent residency for Hong Kongers.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> After being granted asylum by the UK, Simon Cheng suggested that he and other Hong Kong democracy activists may start a Hong Kong parliament-in-exile that would reflect the real and free views of the people of Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Critics say the law marks Beijing's full takeover of Hong Kong, which was promised 50 years of a "high degree of autonomy" after the handover.<a href="#cite_note-guardian20200630-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr5things-117">[117]</a> Alvin Cheung, a legal scholar focusing on Hong Kong issues at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>'s US-Asia Law Institute, opined: "A national security law was imposed on Hong Kong through a process nobody in Hong Kong had any control over, with content nobody in Hong Kong was privy to. That should put an end to the notion that Hong Kong remains autonomous in any meaningful way".<a href="#cite_note-guardian20200630-5">[5]</a> Rights advocates and legal scholars believe the law will be used broadly to stifle dissent. Joshua Rosenzweig, the head of Amnesty International's China Team, said, "The passing of the national security law is a painful moment for the people of Hong Kong and represents the greatest threat to human rights in the city's recent history. From now on, China will have the power to impose its own laws on any criminal suspect it chooses".<a href="#cite_note-guardian20200630-5">[5]</a> CNN also expressed concern for the freedom of speech of foreign media, as several companies – including itself, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> – have their Asian headquarters in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-cnn4july-139">[139]</a> As per an announcement by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> from October 2021, four of its human rights experts (<a href="/wiki/Fionnuala_N%C3%AD_Aol%C3%A1in" title="Fionnuala Ní Aoláin">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Nyaletsossi_Voule" title="Clément Nyaletsossi Voule">Clément Nyaletsossi Voule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Khan" title="Irene Khan">Irene Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lawlor_(human_rights_advocate)" title="Mary Lawlor (human rights advocate)">Mary Lawlor</a>) had submitted a detailed analysis regarding the national security law to the central government. The experts called for "reinvigoration of an independent judiciary in Hong Kong, a pause in applying this law, and a fundamental reconsideration of its use".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a> stated in July 2022 that the national security law was incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> (ICCPR). It cited the "conundrum" of China not being a party of the ICCPR as one of the committee's reasons for calling for a "complete repeal" of the national security law. The Hong Kong government said in response that the report contained "unfair criticisms", and that its recommendations had been made "without giving due weight to the unique circumstances of Hong Kong".<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On 15 June, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> passed a resolution concerning Hong Kong's shrinking rights to free speech, and specifically demanded the release of and the dropping of charges against media tycoon and pro-democracy activist <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraterritoriality">Extraterritoriality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Extraterritoriality">edit</a>]</div> Concerns have been raised that Article 38 of the law exerts <a href="/wiki/Extraterritorial_jurisdiction" title="Extraterritorial jurisdiction">extraterritorial jurisdiction</a> over all non-Chinese citizens, which some consider to be criminalising any criticism of the CCP or Chinese government by anyone anywhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-thenewslens_137137-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr5things-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_20201109-11">[11]</a> The introduction of the law, and particularly Article 38, caused individuals and international organizations to scramble to adapt to China's increasing extraterritorial reach. A number of organizations closed down entirely and the exodus of refugees from Hong Kong has increased.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">This Law shall apply to offences under this Law committed against the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from outside the Region by a person who is not a permanent resident of the Region.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Hong Kong national security law Chapter III, Part 6, Article 38</cite></div></blockquote> Taiwanese outlets reported that a Hong Kong legal scholar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Cheung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Cheung (page does not exist)">Eric Cheung</a>, sarcastically said "there are 8 billion people who will have to read the national security law" so that they do not break it, and asserted that they have the legal right to enforce it on anyone.<a href="#cite_note-medium_644612-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-ltn_3213892-154">[154]</a> A US-based China correspondent for the media outlet Axios, Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> suggested that the inclusion of Article 38 was primarily targeting the Hong Kong diaspora and aiming to prevent dissident organisation within Hong Konger communities abroad.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The law, due to its wide spectrum, has impacted Hong Kong students living abroad. Some Hong Kong students studying abroad have reported that they fear returning home due to the possibility of being arrested under the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_20201109-11">[11]</a> On 21 April 2023, an unnamed female Hong Kong student who came back from Japan to update her ID was detained due to online comments she made that are critical of the HK government.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> She made suggestions that Hong Kong should have independence.<a href="#cite_note-JTA-158">[158]</a> Her passport was temporarily confiscated, preventing her from going back to continue with her post-secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-JTA-158">[158]</a> In July 2023, the Security Bureau said that extraterritoriality was a "common feature" of national security laws in other jurisdictions, and that "Extraterritorial application vested in the Hong Kong National Security Law (NSL) is in line with the well-recognised international law principle of 'protective jurisdiction' and international practice."<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement">Enforcement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Enforcement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">List of Hong Kong national security cases</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily raids and arrests</a></div> On 1 July 2020, many protesters took to the streets despite the official <a href="/wiki/1_July_march" class="mw-redirect" title="1 July march">1 July march</a> being banned by the police.<a href="#cite_note-bbc30june1-62">[62]</a> Ten people were arrested for breaking the new law.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Police were taking DNA samples of suspects arrested on suspicion of breaking the NSL.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> On 29 July 19-year-old <a href="/wiki/Tony_Chung" title="Tony Chung">Tony Chung</a> and three other former members of the pro-independence group "Studentlocalism" were arrested on suspicion of inciting secession, becoming the first political figures to be so arrested under the national security law. Chung said the men who abducted him took him to a shopping centre where his telephone was forcibly unlocked, and then went to search his home in Yuen Long. The three were later released on bail.<a href="#cite_note-hongkongfp_20200731_teen-162">[162]</a> On 27 October, Chung was again arrested and detained along with two other activists, and charged on 29 October with several offences, including the national security related charge of secession. He was refused bail.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In November 2021, Chung was sentenced to a total of three years and seven months in jail, three years and four months of which were for a national security secession charge.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_20211123-164">[164]</a> On 10 August, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily" title="Apple Daily">Apple Daily</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a> was arrested under the "collusion with foreign powers" charge, alongside six others associated with his enterprise <a href="/wiki/Next_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Media">Next Media</a>. Over 200 police forces raided the Next Media headquarters in Tseung Kwan O. On the same day, activists <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow" title="Agnes Chow">Agnes Chow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Li (page does not exist)">Andy Li</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Li" title="Wilson Li">Wilson Li</a> were also arrested on various national security charges.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The raid on Apple Daily triggered mass outpouring of support for the newspaper, with share prices of Next Media soaring by 300% as supporters of the newspaper bought up shares of the company to show their support. Other independent local media companies that have reported negatively on the government over the past year, such as <a href="/wiki/TVMost" title="TVMost">TVMost</a> and <a href="/wiki/I-Cable_Communications" title="I-Cable Communications">i-Cable Communications</a>, also saw significant share price rises as citizens flocked to invest in media companies to express their support for the freedom of the press.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Teachers have been investigated for being overly critical of the police, and some courses that might violate the new law have been cancelled. Opposition legislators fear if they vote in a way not aligned with the Beijing government, they may be prosecuted.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On 5 November, Hong Kong police opened a tip-off line for email, SMS as well as the mainland-based messaging platform <a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a>, to allow members of the public to "provide or report national security related information", as per the police website. On social media, police urged citizens to share "information, photographs, audio or video". The anonymity of those reporting would be protected. Before the rollout, pro-democracy activist <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a> opined that the line would be prone to misuse, and that it would encourage citizens to "snitch" on each other.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> By the morning of 6 November, police reported that it had received more than 2,500 pieces of information.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In March 2022, police commissioner <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Siu" title="Raymond Siu">Raymond Siu</a> said that over 210,000 pieces of information had been received, many of which had been useful in anti-violence and anti-terror operations.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> As of 15 September 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit">[update]</a>, and as per information from the Security Bureau, 279 people had been arrested and 162 charged in relation to national security offences since the NSL came into force – including an unknown number of those held under the non-NSL charge of sedition. As per the same date, of those charged under the NSL, 30 had been convicted or are awaiting sentencing.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_warrants">International warrants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: International warrants">edit</a>]</div> On 31 July, according to Chinese state media, the Hong Kong police issued arrest warrants for six activists outside of Hong Kong citing suspected violations of the law. These are <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Nathan Law</a>, who left Hong Kong prior to the NSL coming into effect; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cheng" title="Simon Cheng">Simon Cheng</a>, a former employee by the British consulate in Hong Kong who was detained by the PSB and allegedly tortured, and who was granted asylum in the United Kingdom; <a href="/wiki/Ray_Wong" title="Ray Wong">Ray Wong</a>, who skipped bail and was granted asylum in Germany in May 2018; and pro-independence activists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Chan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Chan (page does not exist)">Wayne Chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honcques_Laus" title="Honcques Laus">Honcques Laus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_53616583-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-hongkongfp_20200731_nathan-174">[174]</a> Also on the wanted list is <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chu" title="Samuel Chu">Samuel Chu</a>, a naturalised American citizen and managing director of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Democracy_Council" title="Hong Kong Democracy Council">Hong Kong Democracy Council</a> in Washington. He reacted by saying that Hong Kong police were targeting a US citizen of 25 years for lobbying his own government, warning that although the first, he would not be the last non-Chinese citizen to be intimidated in this way.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_53616583-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> On 11 August, the day after the arrest of Jimmy Lai under the law, <a href="/wiki/Finn_Lau" title="Finn Lau">Finn Lau</a>, an ex–chartered surveyor living in the United Kingdom and known as the inventor of the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Lam_chau_(doctrine)" title="Lam chau (doctrine)">lam chau</a>", was listed as wanted by Hong Kong police under the national security law.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> On 10 March 2022, the CEO and co-founder of UK-based NGO <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Watch" title="Hong Kong Watch">Hong Kong Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Rogers" title="Benedict Rogers">Benedict Rogers</a>, was ordered to take down the organisation's website by the Hong Kong Police Force. Failure to comply would be liable to a fine and imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retroactivity">Retroactivity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Retroactivity">edit</a>]</div> Despite assurances by both the mainland and Hong Kong governments that the law would not apply retroactively, in October 2021, court rulings allowed authorities to retroactively apply the law to reboot the sedition statue of the <a href="/wiki/Crimes_Ordinance" title="Crimes Ordinance">Crimes Ordinance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-assessed_impact_in_Hong_Kong">Self-assessed impact in Hong Kong</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Self-assessed impact in Hong Kong">edit</a>]</div> In an interview with mainland-owned newspaper <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Commercial_Daily" title="Hong Kong Commercial Daily">Commercial Daily</a> published on 19 October 2020, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam spoke positively about the effects of the national security law, and about the progress of the integration of the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">CPGNSO Office for Safeguarding National Security</a> with the Hong Kong police and the Department of Justice. She further said that the first "instant result" of the law was the "restoration of social stability".<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> During a visit of Lam to Beijing, Senior Vice-Premier and Politburo member <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a> on 7 November commended her administration for achieving "notable results" in "implementing the national security law and safeguarding the stability of Hong Kong society".<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On 15 April 2021, at a day of citywide activities to encourage residents to support the national security law, security office head <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Yanxiong" title="Zheng Yanxiong">Zheng Yanxiong</a> thanked the Hong Kong people who, in his words, had "arrived through a very natural and reasonable process at acceptance, welcoming and support" for the law.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In a radio interview on 11 July 2021, Lam said that the national security law was "relatively mild by international standards", and that the understanding of citizens of the law had to be strengthened through education.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In her annual policy address on 6 October 2021, Lam said that the national security law and the <a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral changes">2021 Hong Kong electoral changes</a> had brought the city "back on the right track", and claimed that initial concerns in the business sector about the impact of the law had "notably subsided".<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In September 2023, former Hong Kong politician <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Shek" title="Abraham Shek">Abraham Razack</a> said that the government should focus less on national security issues and more on the economy.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">relevant?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law#The_article_is_in_reference_to_the_soft_resistance_suppression_campaign_of_2023_and_changes_in_the_governing_of_CUHK._Not_directly_related_to_the_2020_law,_tangentially_at_best." title="Talk:2020 Hong Kong national security law">discuss</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_arrests_of_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants">2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral changes">2021 Hong Kong electoral changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Censorship in Hong Kong">Censorship in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKSAR_v_Lai_Chee_Ying" title="HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying">HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_national_security_law" title="Macau national security law">Macau national security law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Separation of powers in Hong Kong">Separation of powers in Hong Kong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-textoflaw-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-textoflaw_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-textoflaw_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLam2020" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lam, Carrie (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20202444e/es220202444136.pdf">"Promulgation of National Law 2020"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 10 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+is+being+%27robbed+of+its+rights%27&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fhong-kong-is-being-robbed-of-its-rights%2Fa-53605141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn_20200522_asia-17"><a href="#cite_ref-cnn_20200522_asia_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGan2020" class="citation news cs1">Gan, Nectar (23 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/22/asia/china-national-security-law-prosecution-intl-hnk/index.html">"A national security law is coming to Hong Kong. Here's how it has been used to crush dissent in China"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523090244/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/22/asia/china-national-security-law-prosecution-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+national+security+law+is+coming+to+Hong+Kong.+Here%27s+how+it+has+been+used+to+crush+dissent+in+China&rft.date=2020-05-23&rft.aulast=Gan&rft.aufirst=Nectar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F22%2Fasia%2Fchina-national-security-law-prosecution-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi1997" class="citation book cs1">Li, Pang-kwong (1997). Political Order and Power Transition in Hong Kong. Chinese University Press. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Order+and+Power+Transition+in+Hong+Kong&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Chinese+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Pang-kwong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wong_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wong_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wong_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wong_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2008" class="citation book cs1">Wong, Yiu-chung (2008). One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong's Transformation since the Handover. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=23054&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20030702&sear_year=2003">the original</a> on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=500%2C000+show+anger+at+%27stubborn%27+rulers&rft.date=2003-07-02&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Paris&rft.au=Lau%2C+Cannix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestandard.com.hk%2Fnews_detail.asp%3Fpp_cat%3D%26art_id%3D23054%26sid%3D%26con_type%3D1%26d_str%3D20030702%26sear_year%3D2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN2003-21"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN2003_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/07/01/hk.protest/">"Huge protest fills HK streets"</a>. CNN. 2 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217043620/https://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/07/01/hk.protest/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Huge+protest+fills+HK+streets&rft.date=2003-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2Feast%2F07%2F01%2Fhk.protest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_52765838-22"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_52765838_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52765838">"Hong Kong security law: What is it and is it worrying?"</a>. BBC News. 29 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528153554/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52765838">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+security+law%3A+What+is+it+and+is+it+worrying%3F&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-52765838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2020" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Natalie (9 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3092396/national-security-law-five-differences-between-hong-kongs">"Five differences between Hong Kong's security law and 2003's shelved bill"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228051714/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3092396/national-security-law-five-differences-between-hong-kongs">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Five+differences+between+Hong+Kong%27s+security+law+and+2003%27s+shelved+bill&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3092396%2Fnational-security-law-five-differences-between-hong-kongs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_2043556-24"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_2043556_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheungLamNgCheung2016" class="citation news cs1">Cheung, Tony; Lam, Jeffie; Ng, Joyce; Cheung, Gary (7 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2043556/beijing-passes-interpretation-hong-kongs-basic-law-legco">"Hong Kong will move on controversial security law, CY Leung says, as Beijing bars independence activists from Legco"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202132955/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2043556/beijing-passes-interpretation-hong-kongs-basic-law-legco">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+will+move+on+controversial+security+law%2C+CY+Leung+says%2C+as+Beijing+bars+independence+activists+from+Legco&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Lam%2C+Jeffie&rft.au=Ng%2C+Joyce&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2043556%2Fbeijing-passes-interpretation-hong-kongs-basic-law-legco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_2141777-25"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_2141777_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung2018" class="citation news cs1">Cheung, Tony (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2141777/hong-kong-only-city-world-without-national-security-law">"Hong Kong is 'only place in the world without national security law', liaison office chief says"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418023751/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2141777/hong-kong-only-city-world-without-national-security-law">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+is+%27only+place+in+the+world+without+national+security+law%27%2C+liaison+office+chief+says&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2141777%2Fhong-kong-only-city-world-without-national-security-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jenkins2july-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jenkins2july_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jenkins2july_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2020" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Simon (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/02/britain-hong-kong-from-china-beijing-freedom-uk">"Britain can't protect Hong Kong from China – but it can do right by its people"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704055025/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/02/britain-hong-kong-from-china-beijing-freedom-uk">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Britain+can%27t+protect+Hong+Kong+from+China+%E2%80%93+but+it+can+do+right+by+its+people&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2020%2Fjul%2F02%2Fbritain-hong-kong-from-china-beijing-freedom-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIves2019" class="citation news cs1">Ives, Mike (1 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/asia/hong-kong-extradition-bill.html">"What Is Hong Kong's Extradition Bill?"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612202157/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/asia/hong-kong-extradition-bill.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Is+Hong+Kong%27s+Extradition+Bill%3F&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F10%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fhong-kong-extradition-bill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_3025641-28"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_3025641_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3025641/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-announce-formal-withdrawal">"Hong Kong leader withdraws extradition bill, sets up platform to examine protest causes"</a>. South China Morning Post. 4 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904112228/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3025641/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-announce-formal-withdrawal">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+leader+withdraws+extradition+bill%2C+sets+up+platform+to+examine+protest+causes&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3025641%2Fhong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-announce-formal-withdrawal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Tayden Fung (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356770100">"Failure of the semi-authoritarian system: Losing ways of absorbing public voices into the post-handover Hong Kong government"</a>. 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The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 13 June 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629111234/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/13/hong-kong-protests-arrests-as-thousands-sing-protest-anthem-on-anniversary-of-clashes">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+protests%3A+arrests+as+thousands+sing+protest+anthem+on+anniversary+of+clashes&rft.date=2020-06-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F13%2Fhong-kong-protests-arrests-as-thousands-sing-protest-anthem-on-anniversary-of-clashes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj30june-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aj30june_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aj30june_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/china-passes-controversial-hong-kong-nat-security-law-reports-200630013307873.html">"China passes Hong Kong security law, deepening fears for future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 30 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701111303/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/china-passes-controversial-hong-kong-nat-security-law-reports-200630013307873.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+passes+Hong+Kong+security+law%2C+deepening+fears+for+future&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F06%2Fchina-passes-controversial-hong-kong-nat-security-law-reports-200630013307873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoGrundy2020" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly; Grundy, Tom (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2020/06/30/breaking-joshua-wongs-pro-democracy-group-demosisto-disbands-hours-after-hong-kong-security-law-passed/">"Joshua Wong's pro-democracy group Demosisto disbands hours after Hong Kong security law passed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20200703105441/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/06/30/breaking%2Djoshua%2Dwongs%2Dpro%2Ddemocracy%2Dgroup%2Ddemosisto%2Ddisbands%2Dhours%2Dafter%2Dhong%2Dkong%2Dsecurity%2Dlaw%2Dpassed/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Joshua+Wong%27s+pro-democracy+group+Demosisto+disbands+hours+after+Hong+Kong+security+law+passed&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.au=Grundy%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2020%2F06%2F30%2Fbreaking-joshua-wongs-pro-democracy-group-demosisto-disbands-hours-after-hong-kong-security-law-passed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53271740">"Prominent pro-democracy activist flees Hong Kong"</a>. BBC News. 2 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702233707/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53271740">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Prominent+pro-democracy+activist+flees+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-53271740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1945332/hong-kongers-scrub-social-media-history-in-face-of-security-law">"Hong Kongers scrub social media history in face of security law"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27No+cards+left%27%3A+Hong+Kong+residents+sell+up+and+search+for+way+out+as+China+cements+grip&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Verna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmay%2F29%2Fno-cards-left-hong-kong-residents-sell-up-and-search-for-way-out-as-china-cements-grip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_3087329-50"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_3087329_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcibal2020" class="citation web cs1">Arcibal, Cheryl (4 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/business/article/3087329/demand-uk-property-set-rise-boris-johnson-promises-visa-shake-benefit">"UK property demand may jump as Hongkongers promised path to citizenship"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=UK+property+demand+may+jump+as+Hongkongers+promised+path+to+citizenship&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Arcibal&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2F3087329%2Fdemand-uk-property-set-rise-boris-johnson-promises-visa-shake-benefit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_3086704-51"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_3086704_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSim2020" class="citation web cs1">Sim, Dewey (30 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3086704/hong-kongs-national-security-law-prompts-renewed-interest">"Hong Kong national security law spurs renewed interest in Singapore property"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+national+security+law+spurs+renewed+interest+in+Singapore+property&rft.date=2020-05-30&rft.aulast=Sim&rft.aufirst=Dewey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fweek-asia%2Feconomics%2Farticle%2F3086704%2Fhong-kongs-national-security-law-prompts-renewed-interest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangChowJimZaharia2020" class="citation news cs1">Mang, Carol; Chow, Yanni; Jim, Clare; Zaharia, Marius; Zaharia, Marius (2 June 2020). 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Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+HK+survey+shows+increasing+majority+back+pro-democracy+goals%2C+smaller+support+for+protest+movement&rft.date=2020-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKBN25Q00U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hd.stheadline.com/news/realtime/hk/1814881/即時-港聞-國安法-調查指66-受訪者支持中央立法-比上次增近1成">"【國安法】調查指66%受訪者支持中央立法比上次增近1成"</a>. 頭條日報. 8 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807015335/https://hd.stheadline.com/news/realtime/hk/1814881/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E-%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95-%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%8C%8766-%E5%8F%97%E8%A8%AA%E8%80%85%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%AC%A1%E5%A2%9E%E8%BF%911%E6%88%90">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A0%AD%E6%A2%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%E3%80%91%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%8C%8766%25%E5%8F%97%E8%A8%AA%E8%80%85%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95+%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%AC%A1%E5%A2%9E%E8%BF%911%E6%88%90&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhd.stheadline.com%2Fnews%2Frealtime%2Fhk%2F1814881%2F%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E-%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95-%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E6%8C%8766-%E5%8F%97%E8%A8%AA%E8%80%85%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%AC%A1%E5%A2%9E%E8%BF%911%E6%88%90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/478781/%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83-52-%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-42-%E4%B8%8D%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81">"港版國安法｜一國兩制研究中心民調：74%人認同香港有責維護國安"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706160850/https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/478781/%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83-52-%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95-42-%E4%B8%8D%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%EF%BD%9C%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A9%E5%88%B6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B0%91%E8%AA%BF%EF%BC%9A74%25%E4%BA%BA%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E8%B2%AC%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E6%2594%25BF%25E6%2583%2585%2F478781%2F%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E7%2589%2588%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25AE%2589%25E6%25B3%2595-%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E5%258D%2594%25E6%259C%2583-52-%25E5%25B8%2582%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%2594%25AF%25E6%258C%2581%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%25B3%2595-42-%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2594%25AF%25E6%258C%2581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2020" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Ho-him (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3086955/five-hong-kong-university-heads-cite-stability-supporting">"Councils of eight universities in Hong Kong back new security law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. Retrieved 1 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Councils+of+eight+universities+in+Hong+Kong+back+new+security+law&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Ho-him&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Feducation%2Farticle%2F3086955%2Ffive-hong-kong-university-heads-cite-stability-supporting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChao2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chao, Paula (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2003523">"Passage of HK security law disappointing: Tsai"</a>. RTI Radio Taiwan International (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702035301/https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2003523">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTI+Radio+Taiwan+International&rft.atitle=Passage+of+HK+security+law+disappointing%3A+Tsai&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=Chao&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.rti.org.tw%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fid%2F2003523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF子萱2020" class="citation web cs1">子萱, 楊 (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200630-1460552">"Beijing's move shows 'one country, two systems' not feasible: Tsai | The China Post"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702023547/https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200630-1460552">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing%27s+move+shows+%27one+country%2C+two+systems%27+not+feasible%3A+Tsai+%7C+The+China+Post&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=%E5%AD%90%E8%90%B1&rft.aufirst=%E6%A5%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinapost.nownews.com%2F20200630-1460552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/07/01/2003739149">"HK office opens as Tsai laments law"</a>. Taipei Times. 1 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703175713/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/07/01/2003739149">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=HK+office+opens+as+Tsai+laments+law&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2020%2F07%2F01%2F2003739149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPan2020" class="citation web cs1">Pan, Jason (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/07/02/2003739227">"End to 'one country, two systems': DPP"</a>. Taipei Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702040143/https://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/07/02/2003739227">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=End+to+%27one+country%2C+two+systems%27%3A+DPP&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2020%2F07%2F02%2F2003739227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverington2020" class="citation web cs1">Everington, Keoni (July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3956744">"Hong Kong law not only targets Taiwanese but 'all people of the world': MAC"</a>. Taiwan News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704011902/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3956744">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+law+not+only+targets+Taiwanese+but+%27all+people+of+the+world%27%3A+MAC&rft.date=2020-07&rft.aulast=Everington&rft.aufirst=Keoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3956744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc30june1-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc30june1_62-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53234255">"Anger as China approves Hong Kong security law"</a>. BBC News. 30 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630233453/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53234255">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Anger+as+China+approves+Hong+Kong+security+law&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-53234255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian3june-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian3june_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian3june_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian3june_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-HarrisonKuoDavidson2020" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kuo, Lily; Davidson, Helen (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/china-accuses-uk-of-gross-interference-over-hong-kong-citizenship-offer">"China accuses UK of gross interference over Hong Kong citizenship offer"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630000800/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/china-accuses-uk-of-gross-interference-over-hong-kong-citizenship-offer">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=China+accuses+UK+of+gross+interference+over+Hong+Kong+citizenship+offer&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Kuo%2C+Lily&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F03%2Fchina-accuses-uk-of-gross-interference-over-hong-kong-citizenship-offer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sky3june-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sky3june_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sky3june_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2020" class="citation web cs1">Haynes, Deborah (4 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/uk-prepared-to-sacrifice-free-trade-deal-with-china-to-protect-people-of-hong-kong-raab-says-11999873">"UK prepared to sacrifice free trade deal with China to protect people of Hong Kong, Raab says"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701113219/https://news.sky.com/story/uk-prepared-to-sacrifice-free-trade-deal-with-china-to-protect-people-of-hong-kong-raab-says-11999873">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=UK+prepared+to+sacrifice+free+trade+deal+with+China+to+protect+people+of+Hong+Kong%2C+Raab+says&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fuk-prepared-to-sacrifice-free-trade-deal-with-china-to-protect-people-of-hong-kong-raab-says-11999873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian_20200602_raab-65"><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_20200602_raab_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2020" class="citation news cs1">Wintour, Patrick (2 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/02/raab-calls-for-alliance-to-force-china-to-step-back-over-hong-kong">"Raab calls for alliance to force China to step back over Hong Kong"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627184508/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/02/raab-calls-for-alliance-to-force-china-to-step-back-over-hong-kong">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Raab+calls+for+alliance+to+force+China+to+step+back+over+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2Fjun%2F02%2Fraab-calls-for-alliance-to-force-china-to-step-back-over-hong-kong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_52872131-66"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_52872131_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52872131">"Ex-foreign secretaries urge alliance on Hong Kong"</a>. BBC News. 1 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627162205/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52872131">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-foreign+secretaries+urge+alliance+on+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-52872131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardianjune112020-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardianjune112020_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardianjune112020_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2020" class="citation news cs1">Wintour, Patrick (11 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/11/dominic-raab-urges-china-to-heed-uks-hong-kong-warnings">"Dominic Raab urges China to heed UK's Hong Kong warnings"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626165755/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/11/dominic-raab-urges-china-to-heed-uks-hong-kong-warnings">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dominic+Raab+urges+China+to+heed+UK%27s+Hong+Kong+warnings&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F11%2Fdominic-raab-urges-china-to-heed-uks-hong-kong-warnings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian17June2020-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian17June2020_68-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2020" class="citation news cs1">Wintour, Patrick (17 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702095310/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/17/g7-urges-china-to-reconsider-new-hong-kong-security-laws">"G7 urges China to reconsider new Hong Kong security laws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/17/g7-urges-china-to-reconsider-new-hong-kong-security-laws">the original</a> on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=G7+urges+China+to+reconsider+new+Hong+Kong+security+laws&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F17%2Fg7-urges-china-to-reconsider-new-hong-kong-security-laws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2021" class="citation web cs1">Ho, Kelly (11 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2021/06/11/govt-blasts-uk-report-saying-security-law-drastically-curtails-freedoms-as-mps-urge-british-judges-to-leave-hong-kong/">"Gov't blasts UK report saying security law 'drastically curtails' freedoms, as MPs urge British judges to leave Hong Kong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a>. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630151729/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/britain-could-change-immigration-rules-for-hong-kong-citizens">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2020. 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Addison, Stephen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-britain-raab-idUSKBN2342H7">"UK will increase visa rights if China pursues Hong Kong security law: BBC"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608140420/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-britain-raab-idUSKBN2342H7">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. 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BBC News. 1 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701143437/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-53246899">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. 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Retrieved 18 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+is+behind+the+Hong+Kong+citizenship+offer%3F&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.aulast=Kuenssberg&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-53258403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/hong-kong-british-national-overseas-visa-applications">Hong Kong British National (Overseas) (BN(O)) visa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102231550/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/hong-kong-british-national-overseas-visa-applications">Archived</a> 2 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 23 December 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-guardianaustralia-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardianaustralia_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardianaustralia_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardianaustralia_75-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurstDavidson2020" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, Daniel; Davidson, Helen (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703161631/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/04/australia-will-continue-to-welcome-hong-kong-residents-as-calls-mount-to-match-uks-offer-of-safe-haven">"Australia will 'continue to welcome' Hong Kong residents as calls mount to match UK's offer of safe haven"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/04/australia-will-continue-to-welcome-hong-kong-residents-as-calls-mount-to-match-uks-offer-of-safe-haven">the original</a> on 3 July 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/australia-suspends-hong-kong-extradition-treaty-extends-hong-kongers-visas-after-security-law-imposed-20200709-p55ak8.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2020. 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Retrieved 3 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=China+suspends+Hong+Kong+extradition+treaties+with+Australia%2C+UK%2C+Canada&rft.date=2020-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-07-29%2Fchina-suspends-hong-kong-extradition-treaty-canada-australia-uk%2F12501248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuo2020" class="citation news cs1">Kuo, Lily (28 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801120216/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/28/china-halts-hong-kong-extradition-treaties-with-canada-australia-uk">"China halts Hong Kong extradition treaties with Canada, Australia and UK"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/28/china-halts-hong-kong-extradition-treaties-with-canada-australia-uk#:~:text=%E2%80%9CChina%20has%20decided%20to%20suspend,as%20%E2%80%9Can%20excuse%20to%20unilaterally">the original</a> on 1 August 2020. 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Retrieved 12 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+to+review+relationship+with+Hong+Kong+after+new+security+law+passes&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F420851%2Fnew-zealand-to-review-relationship-with-hong-kong-after-new-security-law-passes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmallLynch2020" class="citation news cs1">Small, Zane; Lynch, Jenna (9 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/07/new-zealand-to-review-relationship-with-hong-kong-after-china-passes-divisive-security-law.html">"New Zealand to review relationship with Hong Kong after China passes divisive security law"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709044914/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/07/new-zealand-to-review-relationship-with-hong-kong-after-china-passes-divisive-security-law.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+to+review+relationship+with+Hong+Kong+after+China+passes+divisive+security+law&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=Zane&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F07%2Fnew-zealand-to-review-relationship-with-hong-kong-after-china-passes-divisive-security-law.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/422181/new-zealand-suspends-extradition-treaty-with-hong-kong">"New Zealand suspends extradition treaty with Hong Kong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. 28 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208111244/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/422181/new-zealand-suspends-extradition-treaty-with-hong-kong">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+suspends+extradition+treaty+with+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F422181%2Fnew-zealand-suspends-extradition-treaty-with-hong-kong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungWalls2020" class="citation news cs1">Young, Audrey; Walls, Jason (28 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12351595">"NZ suspends extradition treaty with Hong Kong – Ardern says new law not consistent with 'NZ's principles'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728035040/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12351595">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. 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Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Media+tycoon+Lai+arrested+under+HK+security+law&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-china-53717843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2020" class="citation news cs1">Ho, Kelly (10 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2020/08/10/protest-rally-stock-price-soars-by-300-after-police-arrest-apple-daily-owner-jimmy-lai-and-raid-newsroom/">"'Protest rally': Stock price soars by 300% after police arrest Apple Daily owner Jimmy Lai and raid newsroom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210903092708/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/08/10/protest-rally-stock-price-soars-by-300-after-police-arrest-apple-daily-owner-jimmy-lai-and-raid-newsroom/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=%27Protest+rally%27%3A+Stock+price+soars+by+300%25+after+police+arrest+Apple+Daily+owner+Jimmy+Lai+and+raid+newsroom&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2020%2F08%2F10%2Fprotest-rally-stock-price-soars-by-300-after-police-arrest-apple-daily-owner-jimmy-lai-and-raid-newsroom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeng2020" class="citation web cs1">Feng, Emily (11 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/08/11/901220054/beijing-attempts-to-remake-hong-kong-in-its-image-as-national-security-law-takes">"Beijing Attempts To Remake Hong Kong In Its Image As National Security Law Takes Hold"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811124558/https://www.npr.org/2020/08/11/901220054/beijing-attempts-to-remake-hong-kong-in-its-image-as-national-security-law-takes">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020. 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Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+informers%27+hotline+receives+2%2C500+tip-offs+within+hours&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fnov%2F06%2Fhong-kong-informers-hotline-tip-offs-national-security-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mingpao.com/ins/港聞/article/20220319/s00001/1647676559782/港區國安法-蕭澤頤-國安熱線至今接逾21萬條信息-盼全民反恐反暴">"港區國安法｜蕭澤頤：國安熱線至今接逾21萬條信息盼全民反恐反暴"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ming_Pao" title="Ming Pao">Ming Pao</a> (in Traditional Chinese). 19 March 2022. 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Hong Kong Free Press HKFP / Agence France-Presse AFP. 31 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200731173106/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/07/31/hong-kong-police-order-arrest-of-nathan-law-and-4-other-exiled-activists-state-media/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP+%2F+Agence+France-Presse+AFP&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+police+order+arrest+of+Nathan+Law+and+other+exiled+activists+%E2%80%93+state+media&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2020%2F07%2F31%2Fhong-kong-police-order-arrest-of-nathan-law-and-4-other-exiled-activists-state-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2020/08/01/exile-is-no-protection-from-hong-kong-security-law-says-us-dissident-samuel-chu-wanted-for-secession/">"Exile is no protection from Hong Kong security law, says US dissident Samuel Chu – wanted for 'secession'"</a>. Hong Kong Free Press HKFP / Agence France-Presse AFP. 1 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200801110737/https://hongkongfp.com/2020/08/01/exile-is-no-protection-from-hong-kong-security-law-says-us-dissident-samuel-chu-wanted-for-secession/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press+HKFP+%2F+Agence+France-Presse+AFP&rft.atitle=Exile+is+no+protection+from+Hong+Kong+security+law%2C+says+US+dissident+Samuel+Chu+%E2%80%93+wanted+for+%27secession%27&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2020%2F08%2F01%2Fexile-is-no-protection-from-hong-kong-security-law-says-us-dissident-samuel-chu-wanted-for-secession%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/finn-lau-a-wanted-fugitive-who-was-arrested-last-year-during-the-anti-extradition-movement-vows-to-with-international-community-to-against-china/">"Finn Lau, a wanted fugitive who was arrested last year during the anti-extradition movement vows to work with international community to against China"</a>. 6 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210817/https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/finn-lau-a-wanted-fugitive-who-was-arrested-last-year-during-the-anti-extradition-movement-vows-to-with-international-community-to-against-china/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020 – via Dimsum Daily.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finn+Lau%2C+a+wanted+fugitive+who+was+arrested+last+year+during+the+anti-extradition+movement+vows+to+work+with+international+community+to+against+China&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dimsumdaily.hk%2Ffinn-lau-a-wanted-fugitive-who-was-arrested-last-year-during-the-anti-extradition-movement-vows-to-with-international-community-to-against-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2020/10/25/wanted-hong-kong-activist-finn-lau-behind-the-faceless-laam-caau-persona-says-he-will-seize-any-chance-of-survival-and-give-back/">"Wanted Hong Kong activist Finn Lau – behind the faceless 'Laam Caau' persona – says he will seize any 'chance of survival and give back'"</a>. 25 October 2020. 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Retrieved 19 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Key+Chains+and+Teddy+Bears+in+Riot+Gear%3A+Hong+Kong+Promotes+National+Security&rft.date=2021-04-15&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F04%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fhong-kong-national-security-education-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChau2021" class="citation web cs1">Chau, Candice (12 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/12/carrie-lam-hong-kongs-new-no-2-john-lee-to-focus-on-national-security-not-poverty-youth-or-ethnic-minority-issues/">"Carrie Lam: Hong Kong's new no.2 John Lee to focus on national security, not poverty, youth or ethnic minority issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a>. 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CNBC. Retrieved 8 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong%27s+leader+says+national+security+law+has+city+%27back+on+the+right+track%27&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F10%2F06%2Fhong-kongs-carrie-lam-says-national-security-law-has-curbed-chaos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3231793/hong-kong-should-respect-procedural-justice-talk-less-about-national-security-says-political-veteran">"Hong Kong should 'respect procedural justice', ex-lawmaker Abraham Razack says"</a>. South China Morning Post. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+should+%27respect+procedural+justice%27%2C+ex-lawmaker+Abraham+Razack+says&rft.date=2023-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3231793%2Fhong-kong-should-respect-procedural-justice-talk-less-about-national-security-says-political-veteran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R46473.pdf">"China's National Security Law for Hong Kong: Issues for Congress"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. 3 August 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+National+Security+Law+for+Hong+Kong%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FR46473.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWongKelloggLai2021" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Lydia; Kellogg, Thomas E.; Lai, Eric Yanho (28 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/law-asia/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/06/HongKongNSLRightToFairTrial.pdf">"Hong Kong's National Security Law and the Right to a Fair Trial: A GCAL Briefing Paper"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown Law School">Georgetown Law School</a> Center for Asian Law.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong%27s+National+Security+Law+and+the+Right+to+a+Fair+Trial%3A+A+GCAL+Briefing+Paper&rft.pub=Georgetown+Law+School+Center+for+Asian+Law&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft.au=Kellogg%2C+Thomas+E.&rft.au=Lai%2C+Eric+Yanho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.georgetown.edu%2Flaw-asia%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F31%2F2021%2F06%2FHongKongNSLRightToFairTrial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020+Hong+Kong+national+security+law" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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Kong government translation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/six-monthly-report-on-hong-kong-july-to-december-2019">UK government six-monthly report on Hong Kong for July to December 2019 (published June 2020)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-china-53247144">BBC live feed on Hong Kong (1 July 2020)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/jul/01/hong-kong-protests-china-security-law-carrie-lam">The Guardian live feed on Hong Kong (1 July 2020)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmVGSwAUs9E">Lord Chris Patten – China's Global Posture and its Evolution (1 July 2020)</a> (VIDEO)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_national_security" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China national security"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_security_and_law_enforcement_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">law enforcement</a> in China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">NDMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">Supervisory Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Public Security PP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">provincial Public Security Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">city/county Public Security Bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Internet_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Internet police">Internet police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Immigration_Inspection" title="China Immigration Inspection">Inspection</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">State Security PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Judicial Administrative PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">State Secrets Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Admin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Administrative_and_Law_Enforcement_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau">Urban Admin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security">Committee for Safeguarding National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">PLA Hong Kong Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">National Security Department</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Macau">Macau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">PLA Macau Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption" title="Commission Against Corruption">Commission Against Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Service (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Service</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a> (including Migration Service)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judicial_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judicial Police (page does not exist)">Judicial Police</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:澳門司法警察局">zh</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Bureau" title="Fire Services Bureau">Fire Services Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Bureau" title="Correctional Services Bureau">Correctional Services Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Customs Service (page does not exist)">Macau Customs Service</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%9C" class="extiw" title="zh:澳門海關">zh</a>]</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries" title="Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries">Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries</a> (1950–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-anti_and_Five-anti_Campaigns" title="Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns">Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufan_movement" title="Sufan movement">Sufan movement</a> (1955–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign" title="Anti-Rightist Campaign">Anti-Rightist Campaign</a> (1957–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadian_incident" title="Shadian incident">Shadian incident</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_%22Strike_Hard%22_Anti-crime_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign">1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign</a> (1983–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Persecution of Falun Gong</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6521_Project" title="6521 Project">6521 Project</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Hard_Campaign_Against_Violent_Terrorism" title="Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism">Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fox_Hunt" title="Operation Fox Hunt">Operation Fox Hunt</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/709_crackdown" title="709 crackdown">709 crackdown</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Information operations and information warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese espionage in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_crackdown_on_dissidents_in_China" title="2011 crackdown on dissidents in China">2011 crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/610_Office" title="610 Office">610 Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_jails" title="Black jails">Black jails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Case_Examination_Group" title="Central Case Examination Group">Central Case Examination Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Servant-Family_Pair_Up" title="Civil Servant-Family Pair Up">Civil Servant-Family Pair Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid-style_social_management_in_China" title="Grid-style social management in China">Grid-style social management</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Hong Kong national security law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">List of Hong Kong national security cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Macau" title="Human rights in Macau">Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inciting_subversion_of_state_power" title="Inciting subversion of state power">Inciting subversion of state power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laogai" title="Laogai">Laogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_China" title="Life imprisonment in China">Life imprisonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_offences_in_China" title="Political offences in China">Political offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picking_quarrels_and_provoking_trouble" title="Picking quarrels and provoking trouble">Picking quarrels and provoking trouble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-education_through_labor" title="Re-education through labor">Re-education through labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_Surveillance_at_a_Designated_Location" title="Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location">Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_detention" title="Soft detention">Soft detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanggui" title="Shuanggui">Shuanggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-faced_person" title="Two-faced person">Two-faced person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">Holistic security concept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hong_Kong_national_security_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Template:Hong Kong national security law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Template talk:Hong Kong national security law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hong Kong national security law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hong_Kong_national_security_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong national security law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberate_Hong_Kong,_revolution_of_our_times" title="Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times">Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_to_Hong_Kong" title="Glory to Hong Kong">Glory to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bauhinia_flag" title="Black Bauhinia flag">Black Bauhinia flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Security Law of the People's Republic of China">National Security Law of the People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inciting_subversion_of_state_power" title="Inciting subversion of state power">Inciting subversion of state power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">HK Basic Law Article 23</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">National People's Congress decision</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">Safeguarding National Security Ordinance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_national_security_cases" title="List of Hong Kong national security cases">Notable cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily_raids_and_arrests" title="Apple Daily raids and arrests">Apple Daily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HKSAR_v_Lai_Chee_Ying" title="HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying">HKSAR v Lai Chee Ying</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_News_raids_and_arrests" title="Stand News raids and arrests">Stand News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_12" title="Hong Kong 12">Hong Kong 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_47" title="Hong Kong 47">Hong Kong 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow_arrest_under_National_Security_Law" title="Agnes Chow arrest under National Security Law">Agnes Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_July_police_stabbing" title="1 July police stabbing">1 July police stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studentlocalism" title="Studentlocalism">Studentlocalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Politicism" title="Student Politicism">Student Politicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returning_Valiant" title="Returning Valiant">Returning Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">Hong Kong Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Independence_Party" title="Hong Kong Independence Party">Hong Kong Independence Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_CPG_in_the_HKSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR">National Security Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Department" title="National Security Department">National Security Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">National Security Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_national_security_judges" title="Hong Kong national security judges">National security judges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">Local</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_media_due_to_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="List of defunct media due to Hong Kong national security law">Defunct media list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_2020_Chinese_involvement_with_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law">International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)" title="British National (Overseas)">British National (Overseas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Act" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Act">Hong Kong Autonomy Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_under_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Category:People convicted under the Hong Kong national security law">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_on_Safeguarding_National_Security_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Full text</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_on_Safeguarding_National_Security_in_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="frameless&#124;20px_2019–2020_Hong_Kong_protests" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Template:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Template talk:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="frameless&#124;20px_2019–2020_Hong_Kong_protests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_(Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/20px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/30px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Hong_Kong_%28Black_Bauhinia_with_wilted_petals_variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">democratic development in Hong Kong</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Causes of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Causes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">Extradition bill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Poon_Hiu-wing" title="Murder of Poon Hiu-wing">Murder of Poon Hiu-wing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella Revolution">Umbrella Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(March%E2%80%93June_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (March–June 2019)">March–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(July_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2019)">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(August_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (August 2019)">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(September_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (September 2019)">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(October_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (October 2019)">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(November_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (November 2019)">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(December_2019)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (December 2019)">December</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(January_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (January 2020)">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(February_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (February 2020)">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(March_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (March 2020)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(April_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (April 2020)">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(May_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (May 2020)">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(June_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (June 2020)">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(July_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (July 2020)">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(August_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (August 2020)">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests_(September_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests (September 2020)">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(October_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (October 2020)">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(November_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (November 2020)">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(December_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (December 2020)">December</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(January_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (January 2021)">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(February_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (February 2021)">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(March_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (March 2021)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(April_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (April 2021)">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(May_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (May 2021)">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(June_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (June 2021)">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(July_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (July 2021)">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(August_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (August 2021)">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_reactions_to_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law_(September%E2%80%93November_2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of reactions to the Hong Kong national security law (September–November 2021)">September–November</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12_June_2019_Hong_Kong_protest" title="12 June 2019 Hong Kong protest">12 June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Legislative_Council_Complex" title="Storming of the Legislative Council Complex">Storming of the Legislative Council Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yuen_Long_attack" title="2019 Yuen Long attack">Yuen Long attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Way" title="Hong Kong Way">Hong Kong Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Prince_Edward_station_attack" title="2019 Prince Edward station attack">Prince Edward station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_CUHK_campus_conflict" title="2019 CUHK campus conflict">CUHK conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University" title="Siege of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University">Siege of PolyU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_detainment_of_Hong_Kong_residents_at_sea_by_China" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 detainment of Hong Kong residents at sea by China">2020 detainment of Hong Kong residents at sea by China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019 District Council election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">2021 Legislative Council election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries" title="2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries">pro-democracy primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_candidates%27_disqualification_controversy" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy">disqualification controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postponement_of_the_2020_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="Postponement of the 2020 Hong Kong legislative election">postponement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">mass resignations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_arrests_of_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants">mass arrests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam" title="Death of Chan Yin-lam">Chan Yin-lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chow_Tsz-lok" title="Death of Chow Tsz-lok">Chow Tsz-lok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Luo_Changqing" title="Death of Luo Changqing">Luo Changqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Leung_Ling-kit" title="Marco Leung Ling-kit">Marco Leung Ling-kit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Police misconduct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct_allegations_during_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Police misconduct allegations during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Allegations of police misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_of_the_Hong_Kong_Police_Force#2019–2020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force">Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Complaints_Council" title="Independent Police Complaints Council">Independent Police Complaints Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_methods_surrounding_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Tactics and methods surrounding the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Tactics and methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_to_Hong_Kong" title="Glory to Hong Kong">Glory to Hong Kong</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_You_Hear_the_People_Sing%3F" title="Do You Hear the People Sing?">Do You Hear the People Sing?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sing_Hallelujah_to_the_Lord" title="Sing Hallelujah to the Lord">Sing Hallelujah to the Lord</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_pueblo_unido_jam%C3%A1s_ser%C3%A1_vencido" title="El pueblo unido jamás será vencido">El pueblo unido jamás será vencido</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bauhinia_flag" title="Black Bauhinia flag">Black Bauhinia flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_mask" title="Guy Fawkes mask">Guy Fawkes mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Liberty_Hong_Kong" title="Lady Liberty Hong Kong">Lady Liberty Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh" title="Winnie-the-Pooh">Winnie-the-Pooh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Art of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Art and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage_of_social_media_in_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Usage of social media in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycotts_of_Chinese_products" title="Boycotts of Chinese products">Boycotts of Chinese products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKmap.live" title="HKmap.live">HKmap.live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIHKG" title="LIHKG">LIHKG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)">Lennon Wall</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Liberate_Hong_Kong,_revolution_of_our_times" title="Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times">Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberate_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberate Hong Kong">Liberate Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Alliance" title="Spark Alliance">Spark Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_economic_circle" title="Yellow economic circle">Yellow economic circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="Reactions to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_on_Face_Covering_Regulation" title="Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation">Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwok_Wing_Hang_and_others_v_Chief_Executive_in_Council_and_another" title="Kwok Wing Hang and others v Chief Executive in Council and another">judicial review</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Human_Rights_and_Democracy_Act" title="Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act">Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Be_Water_Act" title="Hong Kong Be Water Act">Hong Kong Be Water Act</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2020 Hong Kong national security law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_decision_on_Hong_Kong_national_security_legislation" title="National People's Congress decision on Hong Kong national security legislation">NPCSC's decision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_effects_of_the_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local effects of the Hong Kong national security law">local effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_2020_Chinese_involvement_with_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="Responses to the 2020 Chinese involvement with Hong Kong national security law">international responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Act" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Act">Hong Kong Autonomy Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office_Certification_Act" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Certification Act">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Certification Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzchung_controversy" title="Blitzchung controversy">Blitzchung controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Human_Rights_Front" title="Civil Human Rights Front">Civil Human Rights Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosist%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosistō">Demosistō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cheng" title="Simon Cheng">Disappearance of Simon Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Regulations_Ordinance" title="Emergency Regulations Ordinance">Emergency Regulations Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian gang">Fujian gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Human rights in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_chau_(doctrine)" title="Lam chau (doctrine)">Lam chau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_for_the_1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials for the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests">Memorials 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