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scores</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: IELTS exit scores"> <meta name="keywords" content="IELTS exit scores"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="IELTS exit scores"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1790</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: IELTS exit scores</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1790</span> The Persistent English Language Gap between the Direct Entry and Foundation Program University Students: Empirical Evidence from the UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eda%20Orhun">Eda Orhun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the IELTS exit scores of Emirati university students before graduation and specifically compares the IELTS exit performance of the English foundation program (FP) students to direct entry (DE) students. Direct entry (DE) students are the students who were able to directly start with the undergraduate program without the need to attend English foundation program courses as they were able to prove a sufficient level of English at the university admittance. The results clearly show that the gap that existed already between these two groups of students at the start does not seem to disappear at the end of university studies, as DE students’ IELTS exit scores are significantly higher compared to FP students. Further work of a regression analysis exhibits that GPA and CMATH scores do have a positive and significant effect on IELTS exit scores. In addition, while the College of Education students are found to have the lowest performance in every sub-section of the IELTS exam across colleges, students of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences and the College of Natural and Health Sciences seem to have the best reading skills. Another important determinant of IELTS exit scores is found to be the English level of students at inception. With these results, the study offers important policy implications regarding the public education system of the UAE and sheds light on the main roots of the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20proficiency" title="English proficiency">English proficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exit%20scores" title=" IELTS exit scores"> IELTS exit scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20foundation%20program" title=" English foundation program"> English foundation program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Arab%20Emirates" title=" United Arab Emirates"> United Arab Emirates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160711/the-persistent-english-language-gap-between-the-direct-entry-and-foundation-program-university-students-empirical-evidence-from-the-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1789</span> Coherence and Cohesion in IELTS Academic Writing: Helping Students to Improve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rory%20Patrick%20O%27Kane">Rory Patrick O'Kane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More universities and third level institutions now require at least an IELTS Band 6 for entry into courses of study for non-native speakers of English. This presentation focuses on IELTS Academic Writing Tasks 1 and 2 and in particular on the marking criterion of Coherence and Cohesion. A requirement for candidates aiming at Band 6 and above is that they produce answers which show a clear, overall progression of information and ideas and which use cohesive devices effectively. With this in mind, the presenter will examine what exactly is meant by coherence and cohesion and various strategies which can be used to assist students in improving their scores in this area. A number of classroom teaching ideas will be introduced, and participants will have the opportunity to compare and discuss sample answers written by candidates for this examination with a specific focus on coherence and cohesion. Intended audience: Teachers of IELTS Academic Writing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherence" title="coherence">coherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title=" cohesion"> cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS" title=" IELTS"> IELTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52726/coherence-and-cohesion-in-ielts-academic-writing-helping-students-to-improve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1788</span> An Examination of Self-Mentions and Engagement Markers on the Academic IELTS Reading Exam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilda%20Freimuth">Hilda Freimuth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the interactional resources of self-mentions and engagement markers in twenty official IELTS reading exam passages to determine the passages’ similarity to academic research papers. Although the findings revealed a variation ranging from zero to 22 instances for any given passage, the study found the average number of markers (5.5) per passage in line with those found on research papers. This finding confirms that the IELTS exam’s reading passages mirror the academic nature of research papers in this regard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exam" title="IELTS exam">IELTS exam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20reading" title=" IELTS reading"> IELTS reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20resources" title=" interpersonal resources"> interpersonal resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-mentions" title=" self-mentions"> self-mentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement%20markers" title=" engagement markers"> engagement markers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148522/an-examination-of-self-mentions-and-engagement-markers-on-the-academic-ielts-reading-exam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1787</span> Studying the Relationship Between Washback Effects of IELTS Test on Iranian Language Teachers, Teaching Strategies and Candidates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afsaneh%20Jasmine%20Majidi">Afsaneh Jasmine Majidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language testing is an important part of language teaching experience and language learning process as it presents assessment strategies for teachers to evaluate the efficiency of teaching and for learners to examine their outcomes. However, language testing is demanding and challenging because it should provide the opportunity for proper and objective decision. In addition to all the efforts test designers put to design valid and reliable tests, there are some other determining factors which are even more complex and complicated. These factors affect the educational system, individuals, and society, and the impact of the tests vary according to the scope of the test. Seemingly, the impact of a simple classroom assessment is not the same as that of high stake tests such as International English Language Testing System (IELTS). As the importance of the test increases, it affects wider domain. Accordingly, the impacts of high stake tests are reflected not only in teaching, learning strategies but also in society. Testing experts use the term ‘washback’ or ‘impact’ to define the different effects of a test on teaching, learning, and community. This paper first looks at the theoretical background of ‘washback’ and ‘impact’ in language testing by reviewing of relevant literature in the field and then investigates washback effects of IELTS test of on Iranian IELTS teachers and students. The study found significant relationship between the washback effect of IELTS test and teaching strategies of Iranian IELTS teachers as well as performance of Iranian IELTS candidates and their community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20stake%20tests" title="high stake tests">high stake tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS" title=" IELTS"> IELTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20Candidates" title=" Iranian Candidates"> Iranian Candidates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20testing" title=" language testing"> language testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20impact" title=" test impact"> test impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=washback" title=" washback"> washback</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58198/studying-the-relationship-between-washback-effects-of-ielts-test-on-iranian-language-teachers-teaching-strategies-and-candidates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1786</span> Collective Behavior of Mice Passing through a Middle-Exit or Corner-Exit under Panic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng%20Zhang">Teng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuelin%20Zhang"> Xuelin Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouxiang%20Lu"> Shouxiang Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changhai%20Li"> Changhai Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The existence of animal groups and collective migration are common in nature, and collective behavior is attracting more and more attention of researchers. Previous results have shown that architectural design had an important effect on the process of crowd evacuation. In this paper, collective behavior of mice passing through a middle-exit or corner-exit under panic was investigated. Selfish behavior and herd behavior were easily observed in our video, which caused the congregation with high density near the exit. Triangle structure of congregation formed near the middle-exit while arch structure formed near the corner-exit. It is noteworthy that the exit located at the middle of the wall was more effective for evacuation than at the corner. Meanwhile, the escape sequence of mouse passing through the exit was investigated, and the result showed that the priority depends largely on its location in the congregation. With the level of stimulus increasing, these phenomena still exist. The frequency distributions of time intervals and the burst sizes were also analyzed in this study to explore the secret of collective behavior of mice. These results could provide evidence for the hypothesis or prediction about human behavior in crowd evacuation. However, it is not clear whether the simulated results from different species can correspond to reality or not. Broader comparison among different species about this topic will be eager to be conducted to deepen our understanding of collective behavior in nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20behavior" title="collective behavior">collective behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evacuation" title=" evacuation"> evacuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exit%20location" title=" exit location"> exit location</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74873/collective-behavior-of-mice-passing-through-a-middle-exit-or-corner-exit-under-panic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1785</span> Numerical Predictions of Trajectory Stability of a High-Speed Water-Entry and Water-Exit Projectile </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Lu">Lin Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Cai"> Tao Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengjun%20Zhang"> Pengjun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a detailed analysis of trajectory stability and flow characteristics of a high-speed projectile during the water-entry and water-exit process has been investigated numerically. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (Z-G-B) cavitation model and the SST k-ω turbulence model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method are employed. The numerical methodology is validated by comparing the experimental photograph of cavitation shape and the experimental underwater velocity with the numerical simulation results. Based on the numerical methodology, the influences of rotational speed, water-entry and water-exit angle of the projectile on the trajectory stability and flow characteristics have been carried out in detail. The variation features of projectile trajectory and total resistance have been conducted, respectively. In addition, the cavitation characteristics of water-entry and water-exit have been presented and analyzed. Results show that it may not be applicable for the water-entry and water-exit to achieve the projectile stability through the rotation of projectile. Furthermore, there ought to be a critical water-entry angle for the water-entry stability of practical projectile. The impact of water-exit angle on the trajectory stability and cavity phenomenon is not as remarkable as that of the water-entry angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20characteristics" title="cavitation characteristics">cavitation characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20projectile" title=" high-speed projectile"> high-speed projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20predictions" title=" numerical predictions"> numerical predictions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20stability" title=" trajectory stability"> trajectory stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-entry" title=" water-entry"> water-entry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-exit" title=" water-exit"> water-exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865/numerical-predictions-of-trajectory-stability-of-a-high-speed-water-entry-and-water-exit-projectile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1784</span> U-Turn on the Bridge to Freedom: An Interaction Process Analysis of Task and Relational Messages in Totalistic Organization Exit Conversations on Online Discussion Boards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Di%20Tunnariello">Nancy Di Tunnariello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenna%20L.%20Currie-Mueller"> Jenna L. Currie-Mueller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Totalistic organizations include organizations that operate by playing a prominent role in the life of its members through embedding values and practices. The Church of Scientology (CoS) is an example of a religious totalistic organization and has recently garnered attention because of the questionable treatment of members by those with authority, particularly when members try to leave the Church. The purpose of this study was to analyze exit communication and evaluate the task and relational messages discussed on online discussion boards for individuals with a previous or current connection to the totalistic CoS. Using organizational exit phases and interaction process analysis (IPA), researchers coded 30 boards consisting of 14,179 thought units from the Exscn.net website. Findings report all stages of exit were present, and post-exit surfaced most often. Posts indicated more tasks than relational messages, where individuals mainly provided orientation/information. After a discussion of the study’s contributions, limitations and directions for future research are explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bales%27%20IPA" title="Bales' IPA">Bales' IPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20exit" title=" organizational exit"> organizational exit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational%20messages" title=" relational messages"> relational messages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientology" title=" scientology"> scientology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20messages" title=" task messages"> task messages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=totalistic%20organizations" title=" totalistic organizations"> totalistic organizations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147925/u-turn-on-the-bridge-to-freedom-an-interaction-process-analysis-of-task-and-relational-messages-in-totalistic-organization-exit-conversations-on-online-discussion-boards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1783</span> Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Abrasive Parameters on Wall Shear Stress and Jet Exit Kinetic Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Deepak">D. Deepak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Yagnesh%20Sharma"> N. Yagnesh Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) machining is a relatively new nontraditional machine tool used in machining of fiber reinforced composite. The quality of machined surface depends on jet exit kinetic energy which depends on various operating and material parameters. In the present work the effect abrasive parameters such as its size, concentration and type on jet kinetic energy is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In addition, the effect of these parameters on wall shear stress developed inside the nozzle is also investigated. It is found that for the same operating parameters, increase in the abrasive volume fraction (concentration) results in significant decrease in the wall shear stress as well as the jet exit kinetic energy. Increase in the abrasive particle size results in marginal decrease in the jet exit kinetic energy. Numerical simulation also indicates that garnet abrasives produce better jet exit kinetic energy than aluminium oxide and silicon carbide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20water%20jet%20machining" title="abrasive water jet machining">abrasive water jet machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20kinetic%20energy" title=" jet kinetic energy"> jet kinetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20pressure" title=" operating pressure"> operating pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garnet%20abrasive" title=" Garnet abrasive"> Garnet abrasive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27545/numerical-analysis-on-the-effect-of-abrasive-parameters-on-wall-shear-stress-and-jet-exit-kinetic-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1782</span> Prediction of Rolling Forces and Real Exit Thickness of Strips in the Cold Rolling by Using Artificial Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Heydari%20Vini">M. Heydari Vini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a complicated relation between effective input parameters of cold rolling and output rolling force and exit thickness of strips.in many mathematical models, the effect of some rolling parameters have been ignored and the outputs have not a desirable accuracy. In the other hand, there is a special relation among input thickness of strips,the width of the strips,rolling speeds,mandrill tensions and the required exit thickness of strips with rolling force and the real exit thickness of the rolled strip. First of all, in this paper the effective parameters of cold rolling process modeled using an artificial neural network according to the optimum network achieved by using a written program in MATLAB,it has been shown that the prediction of rolling stand parameters with different properties and new dimensions attained from prior rolled strips by an artificial neural network is applicable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20rolling" title="cold rolling">cold rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20force" title=" rolling force"> rolling force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20rolled%20thickness%20of%20strips" title=" real rolled thickness of strips"> real rolled thickness of strips</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20685/prediction-of-rolling-forces-and-real-exit-thickness-of-strips-in-the-cold-rolling-by-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1781</span> Discarding or Correcting Outlier Scores vs. Excluding Outlier Jurors to Reduce Manipulation in Classical Music Competitions.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Kontek">Krzysztof Kontek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Kenner"> Kevin Kenner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper, written by an economist and pianist, aims to compare and analyze different methods of reducing manipulation in classical music competitions by focusing on outlier scores and outlier jurors. We first examine existing methods in competition practice and statistical literature for discarding or correcting jurors' scores that deviate significantly from the mean or median of all scores. We then introduce a method that involves eliminating all scores of outlier jurors, i.e., those jurors whose ratings significantly differ from those of other jurors. The properties of these standard and proposed methods are discussed in hypothetical voting scenarios, where one or more jurors assign scores that deviate considerably from the scores awarded by other jurors. Finally, we present examples of applying various methods to real-world data from piano competitions, demonstrating the potential effectiveness and implications of each approach in reducing manipulation within these events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voting%20systems" title="voting systems">voting systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manipulation" title=" manipulation"> manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlier%20scores" title=" outlier scores"> outlier scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlier%20jurors" title=" outlier jurors"> outlier jurors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165256/discarding-or-correcting-outlier-scores-vs-excluding-outlier-jurors-to-reduce-manipulation-in-classical-music-competitions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1780</span> Loading Factor Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller: Specific Features and Way of Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Soldatova">K. Soldatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Galerkin"> Y. Galerkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A loading factor performance is necessary for the modeling of centrifugal compressor gas dynamic performance curve. Measured loading factors are linear function of a flow coefficient at an impeller exit. The performance does not depend on the compressibility criterion. To simulate loading factor performances, the authors present two parameters: a loading factor at zero flow rate and an angle between an ordinate and performance line. The calculated loading factor performances of non-viscous are linear too and close to experimental performances. Loading factor performances of several dozens of impellers with different blade exit angles, blade thickness and number, ratio of blade exit/inlet height, and two different type of blade mean line configuration. There are some trends of influence, which are evident – comparatively small blade thickness influence, and influence of geometry parameters is more for impellers with bigger blade exit angles, etc. Approximating equations for both parameters are suggested. The next phase of work will be simulating of experimental performances with the suggested approximation equations as a base. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20factor%20performance" title="loading factor performance">loading factor performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20compressor" title=" centrifugal compressor"> centrifugal compressor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impeller" title=" impeller"> impeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49505/loading-factor-performance-of-a-centrifugal-compressor-impeller-specific-features-and-way-of-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1779</span> Simulation of the Flow in Bilayer Coextrusion Dies with Gradually Changing Calibrator Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Gupta">Mahesh Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal in the design of a die for extrusion of a complex profile is to obtain a uniform velocity at the die exit. If the velocity at the exit of an extrusion die is not uniform, the shape of the extrudate profile can change significantly after the polymer exits the die. To rectify the extrudate distortion caused by non-uniform exit velocity, calibrators and sizers are often installed along the extrudate cooling system. Furthermore, the profile shape in calibrators and sizers is sometimes gradually changed to intentionally deform the extrudate to the required final product shape. This is exploited to simplify extrusion die design, because a relatively simple profile at the die exit can be modified to obtain a more complex profile by deforming it in calibrators or sizers. The gradual change in the shape of calibrator or sizer profiles can also be used to extrude slightly different profiles from the same die. In the present work, a combined flow, thermal and structural analysis is used to accurately predict distortion of extrudate profile after the polymer leaves a die. Simulations of the flow and extrudate deformation in two different bilayer coextrusion dies with gradually changing profile shape in successive calibrators and sizers will be presented. The effect of non-uniform exit velocity, cooling shrinkage and shape of sizer profiles on extrudate deformation is included in the simulation. The predicted extrudate shape and layer structure is found to match accurately with those in a coextruded product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coextrusion" title="coextrusion">coextrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion%20die%20design" title=" extrusion die design"> extrusion die design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185818/simulation-of-the-flow-in-bilayer-coextrusion-dies-with-gradually-changing-calibrator-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1778</span> The Role of Leapfrogging: Cross-Level Interactions and MNE Decision-Making in Conflict-Settings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arrian%20Cornwell">Arrian Cornwell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larisa%20Yarovaya"> Larisa Yarovaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Thomson"> Mary Thomson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to examine the transboundary nature of foreign subsidiary exit vs. stay decisions when threatened by conflict in a host country. Using the concepts of nested vulnerability and teleconnections, we show that the threat of conflict can transcend bounded territories and have non-linear outcomes for actors, institutions and systems at broader scales of analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been done before. By introducing the concepts of ‘leapfrogging upwards’ and ‘cascading downwards’, we develop a two-stage model which characterises the impacts of conflict as transboundary phenomena. We apply our model to a dataset of 266 foreign subsidiaries in six conflict-afflicted host countries over 2011-2015. Our results indicate that information is transmitted upwards and subsequent pressure flows cascade downwards, which, in turn, influence exit decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidiary%20exit" title="subsidiary exit">subsidiary exit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20transmission" title=" information transmission"> information transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20flows" title=" pressure flows"> pressure flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transboundary" title=" transboundary"> transboundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70811/the-role-of-leapfrogging-cross-level-interactions-and-mne-decision-making-in-conflict-settings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1777</span> Developing Kazakh Language Fluency Test in Nazarbayev University </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saule%20Mussabekova">Saule Mussabekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samal%20Abzhanova"> Samal Abzhanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kazakh Language Fluency Test, based on the IELTS exam, was implemented in 2012 at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. We would like to share our experience in developing this exam and some exam results with other language instructors. In this paper, we will cover all these peculiarities and their related issues. The Kazakh Language Fluency Test is a young exam. During its development, we faced many difficulties. One of the goals of the university and the country is to encourage fluency in the Kazakh language for all citizens of the Republic. Nazarbayev University has introduced a Kazakh language program to assist in achieving this goal. This policy is one-step in ensuring that NU students have a thorough understanding of the Kazakh language through a fluency test based on the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The Kazakh Language Fluency Test exam aims to determine student’s knowledge of Kazakh language. The fact is that there are three types of students at Nazarbayev University: Kazakh-speaking heritage learners, Russian-speaking and English-speaking students. Unfortunately, we have Kazakh students who do not speak Kazakh. All students who finished school with Russian language instruction are given Kazakh Language Fluency Test in order to determine their Kazakh level. After the test exam, all students can choose appropriate Kazakh course: Basic Kazakh, Intermediate Kazakh and Upper-Intermediate Kazakh. The Kazakh Language Fluency Test consists of four parts: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. They are taken on the same day in the abovementioned order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20test" title="diagnostic test">diagnostic test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kazakh%20language" title=" kazakh language"> kazakh language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placement%20test" title=" placement test"> placement test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20result" title=" test result"> test result</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46325/developing-kazakh-language-fluency-test-in-nazarbayev-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1776</span> Temporal Effects on Chemical Composition of Treated Wastewater and Borehole Water Used for Irrigation in Limpopo Province, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pholosho%20M.%20Kgopa">Pholosho M. Kgopa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20W.%20Mashela"> Phatu W. Mashela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alen%20Manyevere"> Alen Manyevere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing incidents of drought spells in most Sub-Saharan Africa call for using alternative sources of water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. A study was conducted to investigate chemical composition of borehole and treated wastewater from different sampling disposal sites at University of Limpopo Experimental Farm (ULEF). A 4 × 5 factorial experiment, with the borehole as a reference sampling site and three other sampling sites along the wastewater disposal system was conducted over five months. Water samples were collected at four sites namely, (a) exit from Pond 16 into the furrow, (b) entry into night-dam, (c) exit from night dam to irrigated fields and (d) exit from borehole to irrigated fields. Water samples were collected in the middle of each month, starting from July to November 2016. Samples were analysed for pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, B, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As. The site × time interactions were highly significant for Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As variables, but not for Na and K. Sampling site was highly significant on all variables, with sampling period not significant for K and Na. Relative to water from the borehole, Na concentration in wastewater samples from the night-dam exit, night-dam entry and Pond16 exit were lower by 69, 34 and 55%, respectively. Relative to borehole water, Al was higher in wastewater sampling sites. In conclusion, both sampling site and period affected the chemical composition of treated wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20water%20quality" title="irrigation water quality">irrigation water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20effects" title=" spatial effects"> spatial effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20effects" title=" temporal effects"> temporal effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20reuse" title=" water reuse"> water reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20scarcity" title=" water scarcity"> water scarcity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72569/temporal-effects-on-chemical-composition-of-treated-wastewater-and-borehole-water-used-for-irrigation-in-limpopo-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1775</span> Locating Speed Limit Signs for Highway Tunnel Entrance and Exit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Bai">Han Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemei%20Yu"> Lemei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Zhang"> Tong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doudou%20Xie"> Doudou Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao"> Liang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The brightness changes at highway tunnel entrance and exit have an effect on the physical and psychological conditions of drivers. It is more conducive for examining driving safety with quantitative analysis of the physical and psychological characteristics of drivers to determine the speed limit sign locations at the tunnel entrance and exit sections. In this study, the physical and psychological effects of tunnels on traffic sign recognition of drivers are analyzed; subsequently, experiments with the assistant of Eyelink-II Type eye movement monitoring system are conducted in the typical tunnels in Ji-Qing freeway and Xi-Zha freeway, to collect the data of eye movement indexes “Fixation Duration” and “Eyeball Rotating Speed”, which typically represent drivers' mental load and visual characteristics. On this basis, the paper establishes a visual recognition model for the speed limit signs at the highway tunnel entrances and exits. In combination with related standards and regulations, it further presents the recommended values for locating speed limit signs under different tunnel conditions. A case application on Panlong tunnel in Ji-Qing freeway is given to generate the helpful improvement suggestions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver%20psychological%20load" title="driver psychological load">driver psychological load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20movement%20index" title=" eye movement index"> eye movement index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20limit%20sign%20location" title=" speed limit sign location"> speed limit sign location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20entrance%20and%20exit" title=" tunnel entrance and exit"> tunnel entrance and exit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89244/locating-speed-limit-signs-for-highway-tunnel-entrance-and-exit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1774</span> Reduction of Energy Consumption of Distillation Process by Recovering the Heat from Exit Streams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apichit%20Svang-Ariyaskul">Apichit Svang-Ariyaskul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanapat%20Chaireongsirikul"> Thanapat Chaireongsirikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawit%20Tangviroon"> Pawit Tangviroon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distillation consumes enormous quantity of energy. This work proposed a process to recover the energy from exit streams during the distillation process of three consecutive columns. There are several novel techniques to recover the heat with the distillation system; however, a complex control system is required. This work proposed a simpler technique by exchanging the heat between streams without interrupting the internal distillation process that might cause a serious control problem. The proposed process is executed by using heat exchanger network with pinch analysis to maximize the process heat recovery. The test model is the distillation of butane, pentane, hexane, and heptanes, which is a common mixture in the petroleum refinery. This proposed process saved the energy consumption for hot and cold utilities of 29 and 27%, which is considered significant. Therefore, the recovery of heat from exit streams from distillation process is proved to be effective for energy saving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title="distillation">distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger"> heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20pinch%20analysis" title=" network pinch analysis"> network pinch analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20engineering" title=" chemical engineering"> chemical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8123/reduction-of-energy-consumption-of-distillation-process-by-recovering-the-heat-from-exit-streams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1773</span> More Than Financial Wealth: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Family Involvement on the Dimensions of Exit Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Vollmer">Tim Vollmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Greven"> Andrea Greven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malte%20Brettel"> Malte Brettel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Family firms represent the predominant business structure worldwide, accounting for 90 percent of all operational businesses. These firms are essential to society and the economy. In the past decade, family firm exits increased by 72%; and in the next five years, 95,000 German family firms will be sold, acquired, or liquidated. For family firms, socioemotional wealth represents the frame of reference and value to preserve when making decisions. Family firm exits threaten the socioemotional wealth, as in extreme scenarios, economic logic may take over. So, a dilemma arises: Maintaining socioemotional wealth versus pursuing financial wealth. Family firm researchers agree that family involvement leads to specific goals, behaviors, and outcomes. For instance, the desire to protect socioemotional wealth when selling the firm and the focus on particular exit success dimensions, depending on the family's role inside the firm. However, despite the regularity of family firm exits, there is little research on the effect of family involvement on the family firm CEOs' perceived exit performance. We investigate the family firm CEOs' perceived exit performance, which we call exit success. Considering the deficiencies in the literature, we identify two research gaps. First, it remains unclear how family involvement affects the dimensions of exit success. Hence, we provide evidence of which success dimensions matter most depending on the family's involvement and how to differentiate successful from unsuccessful exits. Second, prior work has analyzed family involvement in the socioemotional wealth context but found contradictory findings. This work considers, for example, the family generation in control and identifies the tipping point of economic objectives becoming preferable over socioemotional wealth-related goals. This paper theorizes and empirically investigates, through the lens of socioemotional wealth and conflict theory, how socioemotional wealth mediates the relationship between family involvement and family firms' exit success. We analyze family firms' exit success dimensions of personal financial benefits, personal reputation, employee benefits, and firm mission persistence. Family involvement considers the family firms' heterogeneity in ownership, management, and generation. We use a quantitative approach in the form of an online survey by drawing on 116 responses from former family firm CEOs'. This study highlights that socioemotional wealth mediates the relationship between the dimensions of family involvement and exit success. The greater socioemotional wealth, the greater the family firm CEOs focus on the pro-organizational exit success dimensions of employee benefits and firm mission persistence. In contrast, the self-regarding dimension of personal financial benefits is significantly negatively affected. An important finding is that later generations and the number of family managers involved significantly negatively affect the two pro-organizational dimensions of exit success. Family ownership does not show any significant effect. Our work widens implications for research, theory, and practice by contributing in two meaningful ways. First, our results offer insights to differentiate successful from unsuccessful family firm exits and provide evidence of which success dimensions matter and which to focus on, most dependent on the family's role inside the firm. Second, our article advances research and empirical understanding of family firms and socioemotional wealth by clarifying contradictory findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exit%20success" title="exit success">exit success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20firm%20exit" title=" family firm exit"> family firm exit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20exit%20performance" title=" perceived exit performance"> perceived exit performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioemotional%20wealth" title=" socioemotional wealth"> socioemotional wealth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161226/more-than-financial-wealth-an-empirical-study-on-the-impact-of-family-involvement-on-the-dimensions-of-exit-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1772</span> The Role of Nozzle-Exit Conditions on the Flow Field of a Plane Jet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinesh%20C.%20Deo">Ravinesh C. Deo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article reviews the role of nozzle-exit conditions on the flow field of a plane jet. The jet issuing from a sharp-edged orifice plate at a Reynolds number (Re=18000) with nozzle aspect ratio (AR=72) exhibits the greatest shear-layer instabilities, highest entrainment and jet-spreading rates compared to the radially contoured nozzle. The growth rate of the shear-layer is the highest for the orifice-jet although this property could be amplified for larger Re or AR. A local peak in turbulent energy is found at x=10h. The peak appears to be elevated for an orifice-jet with lower Re or AR. The far-field energy sustained by the orifice-jet exceeds the contoured case although a higher Re and AR may enhance this value. The spectra displays the largest eddies generated by the contoured nozzle. However, the frequency of coherent eddies is higher for the orifice-jet, with a larger magnitude achievable for lower Re and AR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20jet" title="plane jet">plane jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20number" title=" Reynolds number"> Reynolds number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle-exit%20conditions" title=" nozzle-exit conditions"> nozzle-exit conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20geometry" title=" nozzle geometry"> nozzle geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title=" aspect ratio"> aspect ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2294/the-role-of-nozzle-exit-conditions-on-the-flow-field-of-a-plane-jet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1771</span> CFD Modeling and Optimization of Gas Cyclone Separator for Performance Improvement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Beit%20Saeid">N. Beit Saeid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyclones are used in the field of air industrial gases pollution and control the pollution with centrifugal forces that is generated with spatial geometry of the cyclone. Their simple design, low capital and maintenance costs and adaptability to a wide range of operating conditions have made cyclones one of the most widely used industrial dust collectors. Their cost of operation is proportional to the fan energy required to overcome their pressure drop. Optimized geometry of outlet diffuser of the cyclones potentially could reduce exit pressure losses without affecting collection efficiency. Three rectangular outlets and a radial outlet with a variable opening had been analyzed on two cyclones. Pressure drop was investigated for inlet velocities from about 10 to 20 m s−1. The radial outlet reduced cyclone pressure drop by between 8.7 and 11.9 percent when its exit area was equal to the flow area of the cyclone vortex finder or gas exit. A simple payback based on avoided energy costs was estimated to be between 3600 and 5000 h, not including installation cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclone" title="cyclone">cyclone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34559/cfd-modeling-and-optimization-of-gas-cyclone-separator-for-performance-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1770</span> Road Transition Design on Freeway Tunnel Entrance and Exit Based on Traffic Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Bai">Han Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Zhang"> Tong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemei%20Yu"> Lemei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doudou%20Xie"> Doudou Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao"> Liang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road transition design on freeway tunnel entrance and exit is one vital factor in realizing smooth transition and improving traveling safety for vehicles. The goal of this research is to develop a horizontal road transition design tool that considers the transition technology of traffic capacity consistency to explore its accommodation mechanism. The influencing factors of capacity are synthesized and a modified capacity calculation model focusing on the influence of road width and lateral clearance is developed based on the VISSIM simulation to calculate the width of road transition sections. To keep the traffic capacity consistency, the right side of the transition section of the tunnel entrance and exit is divided into three parts: front arc, an intermediate transition section, and end arc; an optimization design on each transition part is conducted to improve the capacity stability and horizontal alignment transition. A case study on the Panlong Tunnel in Ji-Qing freeway illustrates the application of the tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20safety" title="traffic safety">traffic safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transition" title=" road transition"> road transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeway%20tunnel" title=" freeway tunnel"> freeway tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20capacity" title=" traffic capacity"> traffic capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88916/road-transition-design-on-freeway-tunnel-entrance-and-exit-based-on-traffic-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1769</span> Determining the Number of Words Required to Fulfil the Writing Task in an English Proficiency Exam with the Raters’ Scores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Defne%20Akinci%20Midas">Defne Akinci Midas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to determine the minimum, and maximum number of words that would be sufficient to fulfill the writing task in the local English Proficiency Exam (EPE) produced and administered at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. The relationship between the number of words and the scores of the written products that had been awarded by two raters in three online EPEs administered in 2020 was examined. The means, standard deviations, percentages, range, minimum and maximum scores as well as correlations of the scores awarded to written products with the words that amount to 0-50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, 201-250, 251-300, and so on were computed. The results showed that the raters did not award a full score to texts that had fewer than 100 words. Moreover, the texts that had around 200 words were awarded the highest scores. The highest number of words that earned the highest scores was about 225, and from then onwards, the scores were either stable or lower. A positive low to moderate correlation was found between the number of words and scores awarded to the texts. We understand that the idea of ‘the longer, the better’ did not apply here. The results also showed that words between 101 to about 225 were sufficient to fulfill the writing task to fully display writing skills and language ability in the specific case of this exam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20proficiency%20exam" title="English proficiency exam">English proficiency exam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20words" title=" number of words"> number of words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring" title=" scoring"> scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20task" title=" writing task"> writing task</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136178/determining-the-number-of-words-required-to-fulfil-the-writing-task-in-an-english-proficiency-exam-with-the-raters-scores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1768</span> Predicting Mixing Patterns of Overflows from a Square Manhole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modupe%20O.%20Jimoh">Modupe O. Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During manhole overflows, its contents pollute the immediate environment. Understanding the pollutant transfer characteristics between manhole’s incoming sewer and the overflow is therefore of great importance. A square manhole with sides 388 mm by 388 mm and height 700 mm with an overflow facility was used in the laboratory to carry out overflow concentration measurements. Two scenarios were investigated using three flow rates. The first scenario corresponded to when the exit of the pipe becomes blocked and the only exit for the flow is the manhole. The second scenario is when there is an overflow in combination with a pipe exit. The temporal concentration measurements showed that the peak concentration of pollutants in the flow was attenuated between the inlet and the overflow. A deconvolution software was used to predict the Residence time distribution (RTD) and consequently the Cumulative Residence time distribution (CRTD). The CRTDs suggest that complete mixing is occurring between the pipe inlet and the overflow, like what is obtained in a low surcharged manhole. The results also suggest that an instantaneous stirred tank reactor model can describe the mixing characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRTDs" title="CRTDs">CRTDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instantaneous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor%20model" title=" instantaneous stirred tank reactor model"> instantaneous stirred tank reactor model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overflow" title=" overflow"> overflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20manholes" title=" square manholes"> square manholes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surcharge" title=" surcharge"> surcharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20concentration%20profiles" title=" temporal concentration profiles"> temporal concentration profiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97743/predicting-mixing-patterns-of-overflows-from-a-square-manhole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1767</span> Measurement of Reverse Flow Generated at Cold Exit of Vortex Tube </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hazwan%20bin%20Yusof">Mohd Hazwan bin Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Katanoda"> Hiroshi Katanoda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to clarify the structure of the cold flow discharged from the vortex tube (VT), the pressure of the cold flow was measured, and a simple flow visualization technique using a 0.75 mm-diameter needle and an oily paint is made to study the reverse flow at the cold exit. It is clear that a negative pressure and positive pressure region exist at a certain pressure and cold fraction area, and that a reverse flow is observed in the negative pressure region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title="flow visualization">flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20measurement" title=" pressure measurement"> pressure measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20flow" title=" reverse flow"> reverse flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20tube" title=" vortex tube"> vortex tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10289/measurement-of-reverse-flow-generated-at-cold-exit-of-vortex-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1766</span> Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on the Flow at the Outlet of a Propellant Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Haoui">R. Haoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this work is to simulate the flow at the exit of Vulcan 1 engine of European launcher Ariane 5. The geometry of the propellant nozzle is already determined using the characteristics method. The pressure in the outlet section of the nozzle is less than atmospheric pressure on the ground, causing the existence of oblique and normal shock waves at the exit. During the rise of the launcher, the atmospheric pressure decreases and the shock wave disappears. The code allows the capture of shock wave at exit of nozzle. The numerical technique uses the Flux Vector Splitting method of Van Leer to ensure convergence and avoid the calculation instabilities. The Courant, Friedrichs and Lewy coefficient (CFL) and mesh size level are selected to ensure the numerical convergence. The nonlinear partial derivative equations system which governs this flow is solved by an explicit unsteady numerical scheme by the finite volume method. The accuracy of the solution depends on the size of the mesh and also the step of time used in the discretized equations. We have chosen in this study the mesh that gives us a stationary solution with good accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume" title="finite volume">finite volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunchers" title=" lunchers"> lunchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzles" title=" nozzles"> nozzles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title=" shock wave"> shock wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53415/effect-of-atmospheric-pressure-on-the-flow-at-the-outlet-of-a-propellant-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1765</span> A New Type Safety-Door for Earthquake Disaster Prevention: Part I</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Y.%20Abebe">Daniel Y. Abebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaehyouk%20Choi"> Jaehyouk Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the past earthquake events, many people get hurt at the exit while they are trying to go out of the buildings because of the exit doors are unable to be opened. The door is not opened because it deviates from its the original position. The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate a new type safety door that keeps the door frame in its original position or keeps its edge angles perpendicular during and post-earthquake. The proposed door is composed of three components: outer frame joined to the wall, inner frame (door frame) and circular hollow section connected to the inner and outer frame which is used as seismic energy dissipating device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety-door" title="safety-door">safety-door</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20disaster" title=" earthquake disaster"> earthquake disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20yield%20point%20steel" title=" low yield point steel"> low yield point steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20energy%20dissipating%20device" title=" passive energy dissipating device"> passive energy dissipating device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE%20analysis" title=" FE analysis"> FE analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18619/a-new-type-safety-door-for-earthquake-disaster-prevention-part-i" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1764</span> Persistent Bacteremia in Cases of Endodontic Re-Treatments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilma%20Robo">Ilma Robo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manola%20Kelmendi"> Manola Kelmendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kleves%20Elezi"> Kleves Elezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevila%20Alliu"> Nevila Alliu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most important stage in deciding whether to re-treat or not endodontically is to find the reason for the clinical in-success. Therefore, endodontic re-treatment aims to eliminate the etiology of the pathology, where the main ones are the bacteria remaining in the inter-radicular spaces or the presence of other irritants that can be not only bacterial toxins but also the elements that keep the batteries fixed or extra-canal toxins such as extraction outside the apex of the canal filling. Shortcomings of endodontic treatment can be corrected, if possible, only with endodontic re-treatment that is initially attempted orthograde, and if clinical endodontic success is not achieved again, it can be performed retrograde or surgically. The elements that do not help in this direction are the anatomical deformations in the canal network of the tooth roots, in the presence of the delta at the apex of the tooth root, in the isthmuses present, all of which can be explained by the endodontic canal anatomical morphology. Actually, even if the causative endodontic bacteria remains isolated and without an exit in the healthy periodontal tissues, then this can also be a clinical endodontic success, regardless of the fact that the endodontic isolation occurred only in the exits such as the apex or the accessory canals. Clinical endodontic in-success occurs only when bacterial residues emerge or provide an exit in the healthy periradicular tissues or along the entire length of the canal where the accessory canals exit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endodontic%20success" title="endodontic success">endodontic success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20foecalis" title=" E. foecalis"> E. foecalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20diode" title=" laser diode"> laser diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiseptic" title=" antiseptic"> antiseptic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187314/persistent-bacteremia-in-cases-of-endodontic-re-treatments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1763</span> Improvement Performances of the Supersonic Nozzles at High Temperature Type Minimum Length Nozzle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Hamaidia">W. Hamaidia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Zebbiche"> T. Zebbiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design of axisymmetric supersonic nozzles, in order to accelerate a supersonic flow to the desired Mach number and that having a small weight, in the same time gives a high thrust. The concerned nozzle gives a parallel and uniform flow at the exit section. The nozzle is divided into subsonic and supersonic regions. The supersonic portion is independent to the upstream conditions of the sonic line. The subsonic portion is used to give a sonic flow at the throat. In this case, nozzle gives a uniform and parallel flow at the exit section. It’s named by minimum length Nozzle. The study is done at high temperature, lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules, in order to improve the aerodynamic performances. Our aim consists of improving the performances both by the increase of exit Mach number and the thrust coefficient and by reduction of the nozzle's mass. The variation of the specific heats with the temperature is considered. The design is made by the Method of Characteristics. The finite differences method with predictor-corrector algorithm is used to make the numerical resolution of the obtained nonlinear algebraic equations. The application is for air. All the obtained results depend on three parameters which are exit Mach number, the stagnation temperature, the chosen mesh in characteristics. A numerical simulation of nozzle through Computational Fluid Dynamics-FASTRAN was done to determine and to confirm the necessary design parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20supersonic%20flow" title="flux supersonic flow">flux supersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axisymmetric%20minimum%20length%20nozzle" title=" axisymmetric minimum length nozzle"> axisymmetric minimum length nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20characteristics" title=" method of characteristics"> method of characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorically%20imperfect%20gas" title=" calorically imperfect gas"> calorically imperfect gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust%20coefficient" title=" trust coefficient"> trust coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20of%20the%20nozzle" title=" mass of the nozzle"> mass of the nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20heat%20at%20constant%20pressure" title=" specific heat at constant pressure"> specific heat at constant pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air" title=" air"> air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error" title=" error"> error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97205/improvement-performances-of-the-supersonic-nozzles-at-high-temperature-type-minimum-length-nozzle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1762</span> Individual Differences and Language Learning Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilgun%20Karatas">Nilgun Karatas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bihter%20Sakin"> Bihter Sakin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the relationships between the use of language learning strategies and English language exit exam success were investigated in the university EFL learners’ context. The study was conducted at Fatih University Prep School. To collect data 3 classes from the A1 module in English language classes completed a questionnaire known as the English Language Learning Strategy Inventory or ELLSI. The data for the present study were collected from the preparatory class students who are studying English as a second language at the School of Foreign Languages. The students were placed into four different levels of English, namely A1, A2, B1, and B2 level of English competency according to European Union Language Proficiency Standard, by means of their English placement test results. The Placement test was conveyed at the beginning of the spring semester in 2014-2015.The ELLSI consists of 30 strategy items which students are asked to rate from 1 (low frequency) to 5 (high frequency) according to how often they use them. The questionnaire and exit exam results were entered onto SPSS and analyzed for mean frequencies and statistical differences. Spearman and Pearson correlation were used in a detailed way. There were no statistically significant results between the frequency of strategy use and exit exam results. However, most questions correlate at a significant level with some of the questions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20differences" title="individual differences">individual differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning%20strategies" title=" language learning strategies"> language learning strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20University" title=" Fatih University"> Fatih University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language" title=" English language"> English language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28251/individual-differences-and-language-learning-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1761</span> Effect of Exit Annular Area on the Flow Field Characteristics of an Unconfined Premixed Annular Swirl Burner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Raj">Vishnu Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chockalingam%20Prathap"> Chockalingam Prathap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to explore the impact of variation in the exit annular area on the local flow field features and the flame stability of an annular premixed swirl burner (unconfined) operated with premixed n-butane air mixture at equivalence ratio (ϕ) = 1, 1 bar, and 300K. A swirl burner with an axial swirl generator having a swirl number of 1.5 was used. Three different burner heads were chosen to have the exit area increased from 100%, 160%, and 220% resulting in inner and outer diameters and cross-sectional areas as (1) 10mm&15mm, 98mm2 (2) 17.5mm&22.5mm, 157mm2 and (3) 25mm & 30mm, 216mm2. The bulk velocity and Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter and unburned gas properties were kept constant at 12 m/s and 4000. (i) Planar PIV with TiO2 seeding particles and (ii) OH* chemiluminescence were used to measure the velocity fields and reaction zones of the swirl flames at 5Hz, respectively. Velocity fields and the jet spreading rates measured at the isothermal and reactive conditions revealed that the presence of a flame significantly altered the flow field in the radial direction due to the gas expansion. Important observations from the flame measurements were: the height and maximum width of the recirculation bubbles normalized by the hydraulic diameter, and the jet spreading angles for the flames for the three exit area cases were: (a) 4.52, 1.95, 28ᵒ, (b) 6.78, 2.37, 34ᵒ, and (c) 8.73, 2.32, 37ᵒ. The lean blowout was also measured, and the respective equivalence ratios were: 0.80, 0.92, and 0.82. LBO was relatively narrow for the 157mm2 case. For this case, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements showed that Turbulent Kinetic Energy and turbulent intensity were relatively high compared to the other two cases, resulting in higher stretch rates and narrower lean blowout (LBO). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemiluminescence" title="chemiluminescence">chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20spreading%20rate" title=" jet spreading rate"> jet spreading rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20blowout" title=" lean blowout"> lean blowout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20flow" title=" swirl flow"> swirl flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156640/effect-of-exit-annular-area-on-the-flow-field-characteristics-of-an-unconfined-premixed-annular-swirl-burner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exit%20scores&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exit%20scores&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exit%20scores&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IELTS%20exit%20scores&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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