CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133966a8f5549ae',cH: 'iMkVE5nU1HexVmUc8tA__EvYqUajUAAjluh10GHMzrI-1739772346-1.2.1.1-bE4xLc_luqTiDZNt3tCBx71u5d7PXnxPzPa9MLIH9ADYT4RJhwumeQA3EqlXs_xz',cUPMDTk: "\/10009774\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=5cwwgp6kr52wDUOuu3yYDczpPHKXYslef3jgFJw3iYk-1739772346-1.0.1.1-7U3XLOujO6Due8ETy_p3mR5cPgZGNXqamMamK.0c0wk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772346',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10009774\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=5cwwgp6kr52wDUOuu3yYDczpPHKXYslef3jgFJw3iYk-1739772346-1.0.1.1-7U3XLOujO6Due8ETy_p3mR5cPgZGNXqamMamK.0c0wk",md: "pSgyjuPf4uYTg7V.2TKs0cGCDk0OYo2zaYRCkjbkjjE-1739772346-1.2.1.1-OBh3_HyuropSSFWvIh8nQYLhivZcstLwlTT7JQXpQtKw8Qowl9LSxObhYDbkepkDJl_tSCibgaubpbZraH77VuN3U.iOmrmoRnzJjgRmFKDtXx.uwjxBMTfokv2d2YTe97KvqOvIrI9YdAEHCDlU.A_lhRGvdSrgYDkjZY1f3CXYBblLzAX3Zl2ngoag0SVSl1QqoOYmUGoWW9P4DLbhISS6XuISeB3nUXGVqlpbYoyV.xJkkmdifLzNdUXvZogNU3Be.CllwS3.fxazBYceBpXzYGAcLJnC6.6aSVxEXTzWu4T4UBtklzXzhTjw1hfAORAAEimVGfku0CheMlVf1MpHMDCzCnTcqdfXj4ddP38Czke_jJGFbbaoVJK8KCVezo_n94TIMFDktamnyJnAXIHPTu1IcKFcw0sSqCL1Ld0J7HnjRlV8pcLTCbcKE0X4YLsZOKYrwdYWCrtOoK0L0GRjK3aEUVfK2lpu4MdQQcZ3d4xCcw3Ps5WqYqzJE5Bx9es_74BBY6Is1Ybq.ySdrO.MZSFUyPJDrk3GfIbesFwFdBdhK5UsbgGO7WNm_sar6I5L2_5GOneffqhKeKd4ogLiuvtlz1BbR.wtBgl854F0laktGYPl7xKU2TrBbkAFyXnQnlxkhVOI5SmMuU5tO4F9kDG6NlS6Xd6rU5ksKEnqnltMb5SaqvOmKUrsZxjYxoW3UzbugPLQMCPAc9wRx1ryAu9.61UhgctJvqyOEXEEdnoNg6B7aKiqWbiVxwSLXUeP.sNLfyHPS3j4NZkNW_P84V9.d7I4ep75vqPh1QzgZrzPtOFnO91D4D1edX6hca76HFrq2O6VO8.VvrkaQyBEkyXK6ucOy_3T.UNIUS8me7jeA1rj_vZKdMnqXeIEvjh_rSaEdjAIsG5kFWmeD9qpwIQ8Yz9yBS5KxVoJqPVabthQLLV5vcl8SKATN56Wu8feHeugwymkkVTL_9b_oN8biOCiO3PyYQ_TmMFa9gBScR5mpeSpxYnPPUo6KSuxHm2xdQU4CMtei.EXDhzFZlHhj8vmNmqn78nmaQsYxzhtIzKiXcyPmTc7Yy7r0idQRtuQOK5ORqNa03Lfdnq2lJgxuqqLqpLhgIfwn.6E8vr3_n8URV5yb3V8qb_h_0E0dtCDyHpkiLlp8gLYA4xRT2j9yhhI1xOMYnPHIK4BkSwD4h05UMpybx_sjvrTRMrkxUNLmh5VfT_GEogqjsXgkRxiXJkUbGfZph6czuCW0ZZpFS83Kon1Iaxf8p5KHGpleeFqfsq86g.OntJkye8_ZRUf_VF5hcOvp7cfisvItjojaDfCpYgsDvmQbUZRLDcgq400ioOUVdwKaXJ5fsXfIqjT_rY5zr4SrjpFEpMwaxLB1gKhDfaZB_nUTbxtUd1z9.NIGzmUv1B5Rvdf4aNAW0iBWXKt.cEdPDtZltC1Kztr46.Iw4c.qOBYydPu_NFrNhlQySuAqPyUxFaNERdDzTCCSOA_22ySVpjZrgrDqC6sNCK9dIjfZ0d24zOZS4E6rY2x3988.k64BrxfFZSiflhdfPnmsOq_hkiathOLrn5DMTcYkpCelSTGGTcFZ6v60pCaiMFVxE7Zcu86XJsd_JKlCl6YGz7r_nAD5ofuiY99NxWgyE8k_0sbQH.Q1UmTylLIW4CUasKUp6Vhelx_Uvy4fpmLIGPrP9dWTtaeo90CDglDUAYF8WJ6qsi5kk6TWLtSzB.SGpT6rvDHlMF07Frsa6LNGGAylunVHFY2tIvSANwOn_D2kALcB8lwZaPs.W_Vx6WzwDZWKRvdf52uUtvjs3kv8pykboGvX5rfIqaiC6Tlz6O0bSHtPnuhV90obUuB4Uoh_2Lwd3UAXTxSzRIGir0VIWVa1AjoDu_drkQ",mdrd: "BbN0qDCt4D_8z4eYjVFzNNRaV31PlAePJHtaEJdIEms-1739772346-1.2.1.1-66Qg049FluDvN3eR0t2q..8AUP0WAFAT1pYajBhq75U6PD.GeMQ9oN0CLde_JY.3BNY1kKweTVQ52v5sIQdUrYjXt_i806CWFuswntZK_w0sdv0mwvjQL91oCCdk8Th.I47NjtYjyk.q8.u6jZRcB76OvPFBjYT1fHKfC42EC5Q2MCTCDtnpuCXDwhXEFPskbNFWxoO2yBkYqz8YQrQHdGFLUFPfgRZgrKkZu7CkiP_H29QTJnixVhWSM0i8tc_8_VVDxnisH96OrlfVK6EPFFLvGLP6ZajelfNxHNFI1H.sVfP2Ln9AN4y8nNfj783jbpr0ephThWkyTMvpwLPmA2zjEc4X0EL_m6uZkhD.Qcylt3Yvfg5xPL9wF81f7RVutIRTLtGjaqeh3n1Icv1Gfzw5blWQKXRX17k3D0FWyvMSLX0wEPEKavwR0H3F2zGY4KcPe8v7skXdRWjtSiYxvZuPF4HjFdaa8Uj6rmToXpq_XnW7swico3C.NyMZdsHdZ63gj4v5lYYShCtc5DP97id1CRr3ScBmCXPQb.dC7gaxYgNuqt8vPpn.3qxn3cwZ7Y6U6mgixmpglqf3BQEJo4Du5joS0tnIhBavHIf9GDKPVfHGYkvinGUmzci6Wx3g0z3wbQ67eiIbVCPIYSeBHWOF13zJ5RlQMtzzquFvl1D8wbp.bg7MpZYQgNMhJ2ZRm5YOB1YVqxPVKppgW3r7TaizYDekCiv0_nLuuj7.CpaOqls4MM6BWR466T4yxbdjkgprNhLKmidsOC7BumdVEBj_6Bb8M70BkaX0eZhGwFKPve_9FYigWIMa26.hviLP4jgbzqUUpaCH2ailF8Q3FW4FPI4tLiNM1tfJyUO9XiJMS6bk0PzHdC3sVe80t1.6EqudSPO4gq4K_X.TSutpnta8IFbQwkuyKFF4N84WoVuFCrKTtUOuRsDF8htJHBAgG2aK0j1moC_.9yzj1In657A08VhWy7Xmd_UMOa3jwza0hHwErwhjCRsZ2KCjNDSBkKjZPDwogjsFBxB1h3eEaxLCz40dKXis2hSGUOqZRolT42hBDLrxhQfj.8m66OhSExvlahRAvrDqQ_2YKKYnSU_IyLhzioM3FPwfMQXLNIzKi3NBIcZPvZfAN9YbY3Y0T2njfW2HAbpd659.PCkypPS66MmlUtabvaYnyyGxDGFBCUHOS7WOJduHuB2LvA6M6WZZbr_14iGBVUrR6tMMzNjS8.Mwdyuolauf589oClAz6Ey0V6Qb0QWm_72Urm0VlxxNFm6OWohjx_ad8snupq5.xkYlN0knDGZeErDvO6zoqARJVljgC2ebKJpqUZA6L0by7rSntZa5qQjkFW6vOWJoVMfAlulMBva5qYrKMdletiEyyaPmpXyPHmTpUy7Qk9IgO3vAtg.5KQQaA5TYFRyL4dbAFZkxcSRzr1s3c9WDii6h1yWfZmkMhYsRvk2X6.C.h3jAZn2zm6UrIhdv3P4E1heIwIWdFPWPyYVVGjC2L1nCgZFgAalwjIIZOpNOp6D2ErlxtvPMerFyvzlJEIt27TcDr1U7G1jJ9VKbbnnPhbwUKWTYtb1tXdCTO3s.zndK4DMO6CiwRaLAWsjeiEAXXple0T.KVj5fxwfCkuyf1bvz1LvFEybJkJETKxP2_GPNw1RjzsvRmWD6GUrY6SO49UPfkrT853B39pwZ4u7OXkFzNYursmPYXvYqC2k22ZyRahkSfCiFGy337H_J371Xuunu74lggFMwfXeH4xL1ESC8LPIPLMZ9AyZTsXp3UzeNasdXu4oBklarDE13EACOa6vNuejUkFtbhAdd.A4Rgp55XcvSe_rTbnnpRzCh4bKQxcAycPv5gqNsRaCN5ikbUiEFt1KneD3c3rr547dlqe4Wpinx0rnRzgHWi9Xzqatj4WS6H0rKev3TxpWBFu80tDBBeNYs6utKO_TTqzfdgLmP7P8K68TXwPzjDqgZ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133966a8f5549ae';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009774\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=5cwwgp6kr52wDUOuu3yYDczpPHKXYslef3jgFJw3iYk-1739772346-1.0.1.1-7U3XLOujO6Due8ETy_p3mR5cPgZGNXqamMamK.0c0wk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>