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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Positron" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Positron" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lịch_sử_phát_hiện_và_nghiên_cứu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lịch_sử_phát_hiện_và_nghiên_cứu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lịch sử phát hiện và nghiên cứu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lịch_sử_phát_hiện_và_nghiên_cứu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thuộc_tính" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thuộc_tính"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Thuộc tính</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thuộc_tính-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Positron</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 89 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوزيترون – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوزيترون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positr%C3%B3n" title="Positrón – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Positrón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="পজিট্রন – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পজিট্রন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пазітрон – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пазітрон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positr%C3%B3" title="Positró – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Positró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusitronu" title="Pusitronu – Tiếng Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pusitronu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پوزيطرون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پوزيطرون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ποζιτρόνιο – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ποζιτρόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positr%C3%B3n" title="Positrón – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Positrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitrono" title="Pozitrono – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pozitrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positroi" title="Positroi – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Positroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پوزیترون – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوزیترون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positon" title="Positon – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Positon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posatr%C3%B3n" title="Posatrón – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Posatrón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positr%C3%B3n" title="Positrón – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Positrón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%A8" title="પૉઝિટ્રૉન – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પૉઝિટ્રૉન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="양전자 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양전자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Պոզիտրոն – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոզիտրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="पोजीट्रॉन – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोजीट्रॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1eind" title="Jáeind – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jáeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Positrone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פוזיטרון – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוזיטרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಾಸಿಟ್ರಾನ್ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಸಿಟ್ರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პოზიტრონი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოზიტრონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitwon" title="Pozitwon – Tiếng Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pozitwon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitrons" title="Pozitrons – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pozitrons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitronas" title="Pozitronas – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pozitronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="पॉझिट्रॉन – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॉझिट्रॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A1ng_di%C3%AAng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ciáng diêng-cṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciáng diêng-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုစီထရွန် – Tiếng Miến Điện" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုစီထရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Miến Điện" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="陽電子 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="陽電子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਾਜ਼ੀਟ੍ਰੋਨ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਜ਼ੀਟ੍ਰੋਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پوزیٹرون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوزیٹرون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Hạ Đức" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hạ Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozyton" title="Pozyton – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pozyton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3sitron" title="Pósitron – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pósitron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusitrun" title="Pusitrun – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pusitrun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitroni" title="Pozitroni – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pozitroni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පොසිට්‍රෝනය – Tiếng Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොසිට්‍රෝනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitr%C3%B3n" title="Pozitrón – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pozitrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86" title="پۆزیترۆن – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆزیترۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positroni" title="Positroni – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Positroni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பாசிட்ரான் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாசிட்ரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โพซิตรอน – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพซิตรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pozitron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Позитрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%DB%81" title="مثبت برقيہ – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مثبت برقيہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron" title="Positron – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Positron" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="正电子 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="正电子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="正電子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正電子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3229#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Positron" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Positron"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Positron"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Positron" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Positron" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&oldid=72042230" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Positron&id=72042230&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPositron"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPositron"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Positron"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Positron&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Positrons" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3229" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table style="float:right; margin:0 0 .25 .25; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72032465">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox--nowrap-label :not(.infobox-row--wrap-label)>.infobox-label{white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Positron (phản electron)</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg/250px-Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg/375px-Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg/500px-Positron_Emission_Tomograph_Coincidence-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Trình bày cơ chế phát hiện trùng hợp của Chụp cắt lớp phát thải Positron</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Cấu trúc</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_s%C6%A1_c%E1%BA%A5p" title="Hạt sơ cấp">Hạt sơ cấp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Loại hạt</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Nhóm</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Lepton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_h%E1%BB%87_(v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BA%A1t)" title="Thế hệ (vật lý hạt)">Thế hệ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Đầu tiên</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_c%C6%A1_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Tương tác cơ bản">Tương tác cơ bản</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_h%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Tương tác hấp dẫn">Hấp dẫn</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Tương tác điện từ">Điện từ</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_y%E1%BA%BFu" title="Tương tác yếu">Yếu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Phản hạt">Phản hạt</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Lý thuyết</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, 1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Thực nghiệm</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl D. Anderson">Carl D. Anderson</a>, 1932</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Ký hiệu</th><td class="infobox-data">β+, e+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_b%E1%BA%A5t_bi%E1%BA%BFn" class="mw-redirect" title="Khối lượng bất biến">Khối lượng</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.1093826(16) × 10<sup>−31</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kil%C3%B4gam" title="Kilôgam">kg</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061025/positron">[1]</a> <br /> <p><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>1836.15267261(85)</sub> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_atomic_mass_unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unified atomic mass unit (trang không tồn tại)">u</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061025/positron">[2]</a> <br /> </p> 0.510998918(44) <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed of light (trang không tồn tại)">c</a><sup>2</sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/ElectronMass.html">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch" title="Điện tích">Điện tích</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.602176462(63) × 10<sup>−19</sup> <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_(%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B)" title="Coulomb (đơn vị)">C</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061025/positron">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">½</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70958518">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:PositronDiscovery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/70px-PositronDiscovery.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/105px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/140px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2374" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="text-align:left; padding:2px; padding-right:4px; border-width:0 1px"> <div style="width:100%; background:lavender; padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_h%E1%BB%A7y_di%E1%BB%87t" title="Sự hủy diệt">Tương tác vật chất-phản vật chất</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:2px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:2px; background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)">Thiết bị</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1y_gia_t%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Máy gia tốc hạt">Máy gia tốc hạt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penning_trap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penning trap (trang không tồn tại)">Penning trap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_chamber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloud chamber (trang không tồn tại)">Wilson chamber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:2px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:2px; background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Phản hạt">Phản hạt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Positron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_proton" title="Phản proton">Phản proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_neutron" title="Phản neutron">Phản neutron</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:2px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:2px; background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)">Ứng dụng</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron_emission_tomography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positron emission tomography (trang không tồn tại)">Positron emission tomography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimatter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimatter (trang không tồn tại)">Fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD_ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Vũ khí phản vật chất">Vũ khí phản vật chất</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:2px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:2px; background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)">Các tổ chức</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALPHA_Collaboration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALPHA Collaboration (trang không tồn tại)">ALPHA Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATHENA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATHENA (trang không tồn tại)">ATHENA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATRAP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATRAP (trang không tồn tại)">ATRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1y_va_ch%E1%BA%A1m_ion_n%E1%BA%B7ng_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C3%ADnh" title="Máy va chạm ion nặng tương đối tính">RHIC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:2px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:2px; background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)">Nhà khoa học</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Dmitryevich_Sakharov" title="Andrey Dmitryevich Sakharov">Andrey Dmitryevich Sakharov</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70958518"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72022842"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Bản mẫu:Phản vật chất"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Phản vật chất (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:EditPage/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Đặc biệt:EditPage/Bản mẫu:Phản vật chất"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table width="180px" cellpadding="2" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #6060A0; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 0px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #c0c0ff; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Phản vật chất">Phản vật chất</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimattar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimattar (trang không tồn tại)">Overview</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annihilation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annihilation (trang không tồn tại)">Annihilation</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Devices</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1y_gia_t%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Máy gia tốc hạt">Máy gia tốc hạt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penning_trap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penning trap (trang không tồn tại)">Penning trap</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Phản hạt">Phản hạt</a></b> <ul><li>Positron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_proton" title="Phản proton">Phản proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_neutron" title="Phản neutron">Phản neutron</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ứng dụng</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron_Emission_Tomography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positron Emission Tomography (trang không tồn tại)">PET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_fuel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimatter fuel (trang không tồn tại)">Fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD_ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Vũ khí phản vật chất">Vũ khí phản vật chất</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Bodies</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALPHA_Collaboration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALPHA Collaboration (trang không tồn tại)">ALPHA Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATHENA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATHENA (trang không tồn tại)">ATHENA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATRAP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATRAP (trang không tồn tại)">ATRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>People</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl Anderson</a></li></ul> <table width="100%" style="background: #f7f8ff;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="right"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Antimatter&action=edit"><small>edit</small></a> </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Positron</b> là phản hạt của <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> với <a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Khối lượng">khối lượng</a> và <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> bằng khối lượng và spin của electron, nhưng có điện tích trái dấu với electron. Positron là phản hạt đầu tiên được phát hiện trong thế giới các hạt vi mô. </p><p>Trong chân không, positron tồn tại rất lâu với thời gian sống cỡ 4,3×10<sup>23</sup> năm, tuy nhiên trong môi trường, nó lại có thời gian sống khá ngắn do bị hủy cặp gần như tức thời với electron của môi trường. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lịch_sử_phát_hiện_và_nghiên_cứu"><span id="L.E1.BB.8Bch_s.E1.BB.AD_ph.C3.A1t_hi.E1.BB.87n_v.C3.A0_nghi.C3.AAn_c.E1.BB.A9u"></span>Lịch sử phát hiện và nghiên cứu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Lịch sử phát hiện và nghiên cứu”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Lịch sử phát hiện và nghiên cứu"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:PositronDiscovery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/220px-PositronDiscovery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/330px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/440px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2374" /></a><figcaption>Dấu vết của phản electron trong thí nghiệm năm 1933</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Năm 1928, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> công bố bài báo<sup id="cite_ref-QuantumElectron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuantumElectron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cho rằng các electron có thể có cả năng lượng dương và âm. Bài báo này giới thiệu <a href="/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_Dirac" title="Phương trình Dirac">phương trình Dirac</a> một sự thống nhất của cơ học lượng tử, <a href="/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_h%E1%BA%B9p" title="Thuyết tương đối hẹp">thuyết tương đối hẹp</a>, và sau đó là khái niệm mới về <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a> electron để giái thích <a href="/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%E1%BB%A9ng_Zeeman" title="Hiệu ứng Zeeman">hiệu ứng Zeeman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> là người đầu tiên đoán nhận về sự tồn tại của positron trên lý thuyết và rút ra được các tính chất của nó từ việc lý giải nghiệm âm của phương trình năng lượng. Vào năm 1932, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a> đã phát hiện ra positron<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trong các tia vũ trụ với các tính chất hoàn toàn phù hợp với các tiên đoán của Dirac. Với phát hiện này ông đã nhận được giải Nobel vật lý năm 1936<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Anderson đã không dùng thuật ngữ <i>positron</i>, nhưng cho phép sử dụng nó như đề nghị của người biên tập tạp chí <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i> mà ông gởi bài công bố phát hiện này năm 1932. Positron là dấu hiện phản vật chất đầu tiên và được phát hiện khi Anderson cho các tia bức xạ vũ trụ đi qua buồng mây và đĩa chì. Một nam châm bao quanh bộ dụng cụ này, làm cho các hạt bị uốn cong theo nhiều hướng khác nhau tùy theo điện tích của chúng. Các tia ion bên trái theo mỗi positron để lại trên tấm ảnh với độ cong phù hợp với tỉ lệ khối lượng-điện tích của electron, nhưng khác hướng cho thấy rằng nó tích điện dương.<sup id="cite_ref-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anderson đã viết rằng positron có thể được phát hiện sớm hơn dựa trên công trình của Chung-Yao Chao chỉ khi nó được theo đuổi đến cùng.<sup id="cite_ref-MehraRechenberg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MehraRechenberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric</a> và <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a> ở Paris đưa ra chứng cứ về positron trên các tấm ảnh cũ khi các kết quả của Anderson được công bố, nhưng họ nhầm lẫn chúng là proton.<sup id="cite_ref-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Positron cũng đã được phát hiện cùng lúc bởi <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Occhialini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Occhialini (trang không tồn tại)">Giuseppe Occhialini</a> ở Phòng thí nghiệm Cavendish Laboratory năm 1932. Blackett và Occhialini đã hoãn công bố để tìm kiếm những dấu hiệu chắc chắn hơn, do đó Anderson trở thành người công bố phát hiện này đầu tiên.<sup id="cite_ref-AM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thuộc_tính"><span id="Thu.E1.BB.99c_t.C3.ADnh"></span>Thuộc tính</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Thuộc tính”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Thuộc tính"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Có thể coi positron có 3 tương tác chính: </p> <ul><li>Tán xạ với hạt mang điện nói chung</li> <li>Tạo <a href="/wiki/Muyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Muyon">muon</a> μ</li> <li>Hủy cặp với electrron để tạo ra cặp lượng tử gamma bay ngược chiều nhau</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/120px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/180px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/240px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Annihilation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Annihilation.png/120px-Annihilation.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Annihilation.png/180px-Annihilation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Annihilation.png/240px-Annihilation.png 2x" data-file-width="2266" data-file-height="1116" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Antihydrogen_creation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Antihydrogen_creation.svg/120px-Antihydrogen_creation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Antihydrogen_creation.svg/180px-Antihydrogen_creation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Antihydrogen_creation.svg/240px-Antihydrogen_creation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positron&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-QuantumElectron-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QuantumElectron_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72042645">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFP._A._M._Dirac" class="citation web cs1">P. A. M. Dirac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/117/778/610.full.pdf">“The quantum theory of the electron”</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+quantum+theory+of+the+electron&rft.au=P.+A.+M.+Dirac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frspa.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F117%2F778%2F610.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APositron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1933" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Carl D. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1933-03-15_43_6/page/n105">“The Positive Electron”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>43</b> (6): 491–494. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (định danh)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933PhRv...43..491A">1933PhRv...43..491A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.43.491">10.1103/PhysRev.43.491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Positive+Electron&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=491-494&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.43.491&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1933PhRv...43..491A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Carl+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_physical-review_1933-03-15_43_6%2Fpage%2Fn105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APositron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobel-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobel_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1936/index.html">“The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 1 năm 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1936&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1936%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APositron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFGILMER,_PENNY_J.2011" class="citation web cs1">GILMER, PENNY J. (ngày 19 tháng 7 năm 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519131211/http://www.chem.fsu.edu/~gilmer/PDFs/Ch%202_Irene_Curie_Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_pg_mh.pdf">“IRÈNE JOLIOT-CURIE, A NOBEL LAUREATE IN ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY”</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. tr. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.fsu.edu/~gilmer/PDFs/Ch%202_Irene_Curie_Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_pg_mh.pdf">Bản gốc</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 5 năm 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 7 năm 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IR%C3%88NE+JOLIOT-CURIE%2C+A+NOBEL+LAUREATE+IN+ARTIFICIAL+RADIOACTIVITY&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft.au=GILMER%2C+PENNY+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.fsu.edu%2F~gilmer%2FPDFs%2FCh%25202_Irene_Curie_Penny_Gilmer_6-19-11_pg_mh.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APositron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MehraRechenberg-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MehraRechenberg_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFMerhraRechenberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Merhra, J.; Rechenberg, H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=9l61Dy9FBfYC&pg=PA804&lpg=PA804&dq=Chung-Yao+Chao+positron&q=Chung-Yao%20Chao%20positron"><i>The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, Volume 6: The Completion of Quantum Mechanics 1926–1941</i></a>. Springer. tr. 804. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/978-0-387-95175-1" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/978-0-387-95175-1"><bdi>978-0-387-95175-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Development+of+Quantum+Theory%2C+Volume+6%3A+The+Completion+of+Quantum+Mechanics+1926%E2%80%931941&rft.pages=804&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-387-95175-1&rft.aulast=Merhra&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Rechenberg%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D9l61Dy9FBfYC%26pg%3DPA804%26lpg%3DPA804%26dq%3DChung-Yao%2BChao%2Bpositron%26q%3DChung-Yao%2520Chao%2520positron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APositron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AM_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021094704/http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/rutherford/sections/atop-physics-wave.html">“Atop the Physics Wave: Rutherford Back in Cambridge, 1919–1937”</a>. <i>Rutherford's Nuclear World</i>. 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cấp">Hạt sơ cấp</a><br />(HSC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Quark_l%C3%AAn" title="Quark lên"><i>lên</i> u</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_xu%E1%BB%91ng" title="Quark xuống"><i>xuống</i> d</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_duy%C3%AAn" title="Quark duyên"><i>duyên</i> c</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_l%E1%BA%A1" title="Quark lạ"><i>lạ</i> s</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_%C4%91%E1%BB%89nh" title="Quark đỉnh"><i>đỉnh</i> t</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_%C4%91%C3%A1y" title="Quark đáy"><i>đáy</i> b</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Lepton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron e<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Positron e<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon μ<sup>-</sup> · μ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(h%E1%BA%A1t)" title="Tau (hạt)">Tauon τ<sup>-</sup> · τ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">Neutrino ν<sub>e</sub> · ν<sub>μ</sub> · ν<sub>τ</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_electron" title="Neutrino electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muon" title="Neutrino muon">Muon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_tau" title="Neutrino tau">Tau</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">Boson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boson_gauge" title="Boson gauge">Chuẩn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">Photon γ</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon g</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boson_W" title="Boson W">Boson W<sup>±</sup></a> · <a href="/wiki/Boson_Z" title="Boson Z">Boson Z<sup>0</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boson_v%C3%B4_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boson vô hướng (trang không tồn tại)">Vô hướng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Higgs" title="Hạt Higgs">Boson Higgs H<sup>0</sup></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghost (physics) (trang không tồn tại)">Ghost fields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov_ghost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faddeev–Popov ghost (trang không tồn tại)">Faddeev–Popov ghost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_h%E1%BA%A1t_c%C6%A1_b%E1%BA%A3n#Các_hạt_sơ_cấp_phỏng_đoán" title="Danh sách hạt cơ bản">Hạt sơ cấp <br />phỏng đoán</a><br />(HSCPĐ)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_x%E1%BB%A9ng" title="Siêu đối xứng">Siêu đối xứng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaugino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaugino (trang không tồn tại)">Gaugino</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" title="Gluino">Gluino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a> * <a href="/wiki/Photino" title="Photino">Photino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axino (trang không tồn tại)">Axino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chargino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chargino (trang không tồn tại)">Chargino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higgsino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higgsino (trang không tồn tại)">Higgsino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutralino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutralino (trang không tồn tại)">Neutralino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermion (trang không tồn tại)">Sfermion</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_squark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop squark (trang không tồn tại)">Stop squark</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">HSCPĐ khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axion" title="Axion">Axion A<sup>0</sup></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilaton (trang không tồn tại)">Dilaton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton G</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (trang không tồn tại)">Majoron</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tachyon" title="Tachyon">Tachyon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Boson_X_v%C3%A0_Y" title="Boson X và Y"><span style="white-space:nowrap">X</span> <b>·</b>  <span style="white-space:nowrap">Y</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boson_W%27_v%C3%A0_Z%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boson W' và Z' (trang không tồn tại)">W' <b>·</b>  Z'</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterile_neutrino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterile neutrino (trang không tồn tại)">Sterile neutrino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_c%E1%BB%B1c_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Đơn cực từ">Đơn cực từ</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_t%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%A3p" class="mw-redirect" title="Hạt tổ hợp">Hạt tổ hợp</a><br />(HTH)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hyperon" title="Hyperon">Hyperon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">Nucleon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton p</a> * <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_proton" title="Phản proton">phản proton</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron n</a> * <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_neutron" title="Phản neutron">phản neutron</a>)  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Delta" title="Hạt Delta">Delta Δ</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Lambda" title="Hạt Lambda">Lambda Λ</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Sigma" title="Hạt Sigma">Sigma Σ</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Xi" title="Hạt Xi">Xi Ξ</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cascade_B" title="Cascade B">Cascade B Ξ<sub>b</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_Omega" title="Hạt Omega">Omega Ω</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">Meson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarkonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarkonium (trang không tồn tại)">Quarkonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pion (trang không tồn tại)">π</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meson_Rho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meson Rho (trang không tồn tại)">ρ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">η</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_prime_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta prime meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">η′</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phi_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phi meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">φ</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">ω</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=J/%CF%88_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J/ψ meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">J/ψ</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upsilon_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upsilon meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">ϒ</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theta_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theta meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">θ</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaon (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">K</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="B meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap">B</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=D_meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D meson (trang không tồn tại)"><span style="white-space:nowrap">D</span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/T_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="T meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap">T</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">HTH khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Hạt nhân nguyên tử">Hạt nhân nguyên tử</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Nguyên tử">Nguyên tử</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1i_lai" title="Nguyên tử ngoại lai">Nguyên tử ngoại lai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positronic" title="Positronic">Positronic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muonic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muonic (trang không tồn tại)">Muonic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onium (trang không tồn tại)">Onia</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Phân tử">Phân tử</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:H%E1%BA%A1t_t%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%A3p_ph%E1%BB%8Fng_%C4%91o%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thể loại:Hạt tổ hợp phỏng đoán (trang không tồn tại)">Hạt tổ hợp <br />phỏng đoán</a><br />(HTHPĐ)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadron_l%E1%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadron lạ (trang không tồn tại)">Hadron lạ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baryon_l%E1%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baryon lạ (trang không tồn tại)">Baryon lạ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibaryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibaryon (trang không tồn tại)">Dibaryon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ng%C5%A9_quark" title="Ngũ quark">Ngũ quark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meson_l%E1%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meson lạ (trang không tồn tại)">Meson lạ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glueball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glueball (trang không tồn tại)">Glueball</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%A9_quark" title="Tứ quark">Tứ quark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%A5c_quark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lục quark (trang không tồn tại)">Lục quark</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A5t_quark" title="Thất quark">Thất quark</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skyrmion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skyrmion (trang không tồn tại)">Skyrmion</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;font-weight:normal;">HTHPĐ khác</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%AD_mesonic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phân tử mesonic (trang không tồn tại)">Phân tử mesonic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeron (trang không tồn tại)">Pomeron</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3_h%E1%BA%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giả hạt (trang không tồn tại)">Giả hạt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davydov_soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davydov soliton (trang không tồn tại)">Davydov soliton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Exciton" title="Exciton">Exciton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnon (trang không tồn tại)">Magnon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">Phonon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaron (trang không tồn tại)">Plasmaron</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmon (trang không tồn tại)">Plasmon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polariton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polariton (trang không tồn tại)">Polariton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaron (trang không tồn tại)">Polaron</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roton (trang không tồn tại)">Roton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Danh sách</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_h%E1%BA%A1t_c%C6%A1_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Danh sách hạt cơ bản">Hạt cơ bản</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danh_s%C3%A1ch_gi%E1%BA%A3_h%E1%BA%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danh sách giả hạt (trang không tồn tại)">Giả hạt</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Baryon#Danh_sách_các_hạt_Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Meson#Danh_sách_các_hạt_meson" title="Meson">Meson</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_kh%C3%A1m_ph%C3%A1_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Lịch sử khám phá hạt">Lịch sử khám phá hạt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:S%C3%A1ch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Sách (trang không tồn tại)">Sách</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Hadronic_Matter" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Hadronic Matter">en:Book:Hadronic Matter</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Particles_of_the_Standard_Model" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Particles of the Standard Model">en:Book:Particles of the Standard Model</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Leptons" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Leptons">en:Book:Leptons</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Quarks" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Quarks">en:Book:Quarks</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_chu%E1%BA%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô hình chuẩn">Mô hình chuẩn</a>  •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_quark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mô hình quark (trang không tồn tại)">Mô 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