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analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: life cycle analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="life cycle analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="life cycle analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33633</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: life cycle analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33633</span> Analysis of the Result for the Accelerated Life Cycle Test of the Motor for Washing Machine by Using Acceleration Factor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ho%20Jo"> Jin-Ho Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accelerated life cycle test is applied to various products or components in order to reduce the time of life cycle test in industry. It must be considered for many test conditions according to the product characteristics for the test and the selection of acceleration parameter is especially very important. We have carried out the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test by applying the acceleration factor (AF) considering the characteristics of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for washing machine. The final purpose of this study is to verify the validity by analyzing the results of the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test. It will make it possible to reduce the life test time through the reasonable accelerated life cycle test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20test" title=" reliability test"> reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20dc%20motor%20test" title=" brushless dc motor test"> brushless dc motor test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978/analysis-of-the-result-for-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-of-the-motor-for-washing-machine-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33632</span> Reliability-Based Life-Cycle Cost Model for Engineering Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Lotfalian">Reza Lotfalian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarshan%20Martins"> Sudarshan Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Radziszewski"> Peter Radziszewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of reliability on life-cycle cost, including initial and maintenance cost of a system is studied. The failure probability of a component is used to calculate the average maintenance cost during the operation cycle of the component. The standard deviation of the life-cycle cost is also calculated as an error measure for the average life-cycle cost. As a numerical example, the model is used to study the average life cycle cost of an electric motor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20cost" title="initial cost">initial cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20cost" title=" life-cycle cost"> life-cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20cost" title=" maintenance cost"> maintenance cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947/reliability-based-life-cycle-cost-model-for-engineering-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33631</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Canada</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatesh%20Kumar">Venkatesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasun%20Hewage"> Kasun Hewage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Sadiq"> Rehan Sadiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residential buildings consume significant amounts of energy and produce a large amount of emissions and waste. However, there is a substantial potential for energy savings in this sector which needs to be evaluated over the life cycle of residential buildings. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology has been employed to study the primary energy uses and associated environmental impacts of different phases (i.e., product, construction, use, end of life, and beyond building life) for residential buildings. Four different alternatives of residential buildings in Vancouver (BC, Canada) with a 50-year lifespan have been evaluated, including High Rise Apartment (HRA), Low Rise Apartment (LRA), Single family Attached House (SAH), and Single family Detached House (SDH). Life cycle performance of the buildings is evaluated for embodied energy, embodied environmental impacts, operational energy, operational environmental impacts, total life-cycle energy, and total life cycle environmental impacts. Estimation of operational energy and LCA are performed using DesignBuilder software and Athena Impact estimator software respectively. The study results revealed that over the life span of the buildings, the relationship between the energy use and the environmental impacts are identical. LRA is found to be the best alternative in terms of embodied energy use and embodied environmental impacts; while, HRA showed the best life-cycle performance in terms of minimum energy use and environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to study the influence of building service lifespan over 50, 75, and 100 years on the relative significance of embodied energy and total life cycle energy. The life-cycle energy requirements for SDH is found to be a significant component among the four types of residential buildings. The overall disclose that the primary operations of these buildings accounts for 90% of the total life cycle energy which far outweighs minor differences in embodied effects between the buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20simulation" title="building simulation">building simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20energy%20analysis" title=" life cycle energy analysis"> life cycle energy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35021/life-cycle-assessment-of-residential-buildings-a-case-study-in-canada" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33630</span> A Study on the Accelerated Life Cycle Test Method of the Motor for Home Appliances by Using Acceleration Factor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the accelerated life cycle test method of the motor for home appliances that demand high reliability. Life Cycle of parts in home appliances also should be 10 years because life cycle of the home appliances such as washing machine, refrigerator, TV is at least 10 years. In case of washing machine, the life cycle test method of motor is advanced for 3000 cycle test (1cycle = 2hours). However, 3000 cycle test incurs loss for the time and cost. Objectives of this study are to reduce the life cycle test time and the number of test samples, which could be realized by using acceleration factor for the test time and reduction factor for the number of sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20reliability%20test" title=" motor reliability test"> motor reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400/a-study-on-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-method-of-the-motor-for-home-appliances-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33629</span> Impact of Design Choices on the Life Cycle Energy of Modern Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Karimpour">Mahsa Karimpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Belusko"> Martin Belusko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Xing"> Ke Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Bruno"> Frank Bruno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally the embodied energy of design choices which reduce operational energy were assumed to have a negligible impact on the life cycle energy of buildings. However with new buildings having considerably lower operational energy, the significance of embodied energy increases. A life cycle assessment of a population of house designs was conducted in a mild and mixed climate zone. It was determined not only that embodied energy dominates life cycle energy, but that the impact on embodied of design choices was of equal significance to the impact on operational energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20life%20cycle%20energy" title="building life cycle energy">building life cycle energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20energy" title=" embodied energy"> embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20design%20measures" title=" energy design measures"> energy design measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20buildings" title=" low energy buildings"> low energy buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025/impact-of-design-choices-on-the-life-cycle-energy-of-modern-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">771</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33628</span> Life Cycle-Based Analysis of Meat Production: Ecosystem Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Zeyuan%20Ma">Michelle Zeyuan Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermann%20Heilmeier"> Hermann Heilmeier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, meat production ecosystem impacts initiated many hot discussions and researchers, and it is a difficult implementation to reduce such impacts due to the demand of meat products. It calls for better management and control of ecosystem impacts from every aspects of meat production. This article analyzes the ecosystem impacts of meat production based on meat products life cycle. The analysis shows that considerable ecosystem impacts are caused by different meat production steps: initial establishment phase, animal raising, slaughterhouse processing, meat consumption, and wastes management. Based on this analysis, the impacts are summarized as: leading factor for biodiversity loss; water waste, land use waste and land degradation; greenhouse gases emissions; pollution to air, water, and soil; related major diseases. The article also provides a discussion on a solution-sustainable food system, which could help in reducing ecosystem impacts. The analysis method is based on the life cycle level, it provides a concept of the whole meat industry ecosystem impacts, and the analysis result could be useful to manage or control meat production ecosystem impacts from investor, producer and consumer sides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title="eutrophication">eutrophication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20based%20analysis" title=" life cycle based analysis"> life cycle based analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20food" title=" sustainable food"> sustainable food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91199/life-cycle-based-analysis-of-meat-production-ecosystem-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33627</span> New Environmental Culture in Algeria: Eco Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tireche">S. Tireche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tairi%20abdelaziz"> A. Tairi abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental damage has increased steadily in recent decades: Depletion of natural resources, destruction of the ozone layer, greenhouse effect, degradation of the quality of life, land use etc. New terms have emerged as: "Prevention rather than cure" or "polluter pays" falls within the principles of common sense, their practical implementation still remains fragmented. Among the avenues to be explored, one of the most promising is certainly one that focuses on product design. Indeed, where better than during the design phase, can reduce the source of future impacts on the environment? What choices or those of design, they influence more on the environmental characteristics of products? The most currently recognized at the international level is the analysis of the life cycle (LCA) and Life Cycle Assessment, subject to International Standardization (ISO 14040-14043). LCA provides scientific and objective assessment of potential impacts of the product or service, considering its entire life cycle. This approach makes it possible to minimize impacts to the source in pollution prevention. It is widely preferable to curative approach, currently majority in the industrial crops, led mostly by a report of pollution. The "product" is to reduce the environmental impacts of a given product, taking into account all or part of its life cycle. Currently, there are emerging tools, known as eco-design. They are intended to establish an environmental profile of the product to improve its environmental performance. They require a quantity sufficient information on the product for each phase of its life cycle: raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, usage, end of life (recycling or incineration or deposit) and all stages of transport. The assessment results indicate the sensitive points of the product studied, points on which the developer must act. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco%20design" title="eco design">eco design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis%20%28LCA%29" title=" life cycle analysis (LCA)"> life cycle analysis (LCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22490/new-environmental-culture-in-algeria-eco-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33626</span> Adaptable Buildings for More Sustainable Housing: Energy Life Cycle Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Santos%20Fischer">Rafael Santos Fischer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alo%C3%ADsio%20Leoni%20Schmid"> Aloísio Leoni Schmid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Dalla-Bonna"> Amanda Dalla-Bonna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life cycle analysis and the energy life cycle analysis are useful design support tools when sustainability becomes imperative. The final phase of buildings life cycle is probably the least known, on which less knowledge is available. In the Brazilian building industry, the lifespan of a building design rarely is treated as a definite design parameter. There is rather a common sense attitude to take any building demands as permanent, and to take for granted that buildings solutions are durable and solid. Housing, being a permanent issue in any society, presents a real challenge to the choice of a design lifespan. In Brazilian history, there was a contrast of the native solutions of collective, non-durable houses built by several nomadic tribes, and the stone and masonry buildings introduced by the sedentary Portuguese conquerors. Durable buildings are commonly associated with welfare. However, social dynamics makes traditional families of both parents and children be just one of several possible arrangements. In addition, a more liberal attitude towards family leads to an increase in the number of people living in alternative arrangements. Japan is an example of country where houses have been made intentionally ephemeral since the half of 20th century. The present article presents the development of a flexible housing design solution on the basis of the Design Science Research approach. A comparison in terms of energy life cycle shows how flexibility and dematerialization may point at a feasible future for housing policies in Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptability" title="adaptability">adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptable%20building" title=" adaptable building"> adaptable building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20energy" title=" embodied energy"> embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cyclce%20analysis" title=" life cyclce analysis"> life cyclce analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20housing" title=" social housing"> social housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77269/adaptable-buildings-for-more-sustainable-housing-energy-life-cycle-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33625</span> Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Structures with Hysteretic Dampers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim">Jinkoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungoo%20Kang"> Hyungoo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungjun%20Shin"> Hyungjun Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a hybrid energy dissipation device is developed by combining a steel slit plate and friction pads to be used for seismic retrofit of structures, and its effectiveness is investigated by comparing the life cycle costs of the structure before and after the retrofit. The seismic energy dissipation capability of the dampers is confirmed by cyclic loading tests. The probabilities of reaching various damage states are obtained by fragility analysis, and the life cycle costs of the model structures are computed using the PACT (Performance Assessment Calculation Tool) program based on FEMA P-58 methodology. The fragility analysis shows that the probabilities of reaching limit states are minimized by the seismic retrofit with hybrid dampers and increasing column size. The seismic retrofit with increasing column size and hybrid dampers results in the lowest repair cost and shortest repair time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slit%20dampers" title="slit dampers">slit dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20dampers" title=" friction dampers"> friction dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEMA%20P-58" title=" FEMA P-58"> FEMA P-58</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PACT" title=" PACT"> PACT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44647/life-cycle-cost-evaluation-of-structures-with-hysteretic-dampers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33624</span> Constructing a Bayesian Network for Solar Energy in Egypt Using Life Cycle Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawaa%20H.%20El-Bidweihy">Rawaa H. El-Bidweihy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Hisham M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihab%20A.%20El-Khodary"> Ihab A. El-Khodary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an era where machines run and shape our world, the need for a stable, non-ending source of energy emerges. In this study, the focus was on the solar energy in Egypt as a renewable source, the most important factors that could affect the solar energy’s market share throughout its life cycle production were analyzed and filtered, the relationships between them were derived before structuring a Bayesian network. Also, forecasted models were built for multiple factors to predict the states in Egypt by 2035, based on historical data and patterns, to be used as the nodes’ states in the network. 37 factors were found to might have an impact on the use of solar energy and then were deducted to 12 factors that were chosen to be the most effective to the solar energy’s life cycle in Egypt, based on surveying experts and data analysis, some of the factors were found to be recurring in multiple stages. The presented Bayesian network could be used later for scenario and decision analysis of using solar energy in Egypt, as a stable renewable source for generating any type of energy needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title="ARIMA">ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20correlation" title=" auto correlation"> auto correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20network" title=" Bayesian network"> Bayesian network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting%20models" title=" forecasting models"> forecasting models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle" title=" life cycle"> life cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20correlation" title=" partial correlation"> partial correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARIMA" title=" SARIMA"> SARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127931/constructing-a-bayesian-network-for-solar-energy-in-egypt-using-life-cycle-analysis-and-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33623</span> Characteristics and Feature Analysis of PCF Labeling among Construction Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-mo%20Seo">Sung-mo Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-u%20Chae"> Chang-u Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Product Carbon Footprint Labeling has been run for more than four years by the Ministry of Environment and there are number of products labeled by KEITI, as for declaring products with their carbon emission during life cycle stages. There are several categories for certifying products by the characteristics of usage. Building products which are applied to a building as combined components. In this paper, current status of PCF labeling has been compared with LCI DB for data composition. By this comparative analysis, we suggest carbon labeling development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20labeling" title="carbon labeling">carbon labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCI%20DB" title=" LCI DB"> LCI DB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials" title=" building materials"> building materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26699/characteristics-and-feature-analysis-of-pcf-labeling-among-construction-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33622</span> Energy-Led Sustainability Assessment Approach for Energy-Efficient Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldona%20Kluczek">Aldona Kluczek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, manufacturing processes have interacted with sustainability issues realized in the cost-effective ways that minimalize energy, decrease negative impacts on the environment and are safe for society. However, the attention has been on separate sustainability assessment methods considering energy and material flow, energy consumption, and emission release or process control. In this paper, the energy-led sustainability assessment approach combining the methods: energy Life Cycle Assessment to assess environmental impact, Life Cycle Cost to analyze costs, and Social Life Cycle Assessment through ‘energy LCA-based value stream map’, is used to assess the energy sustainability of the hardwood lumber manufacturing process in terms of technologies. The approach integrating environmental, economic and social issues can be visualized in the considered energy-efficient technologies on the map of an energy LCA-related (input and output) inventory data. It will enable the identification of efficient technology of a given process to be reached, through the effective analysis of energy flow. It is also indicated that interventions in the considered technology should focus on environmental, economic improvements to achieve energy sustainability. The results have indicated that the most intense energy losses are caused by a cogeneration technology. The environmental impact analysis shows that a substantial reduction by 34% can be achieved with the improvement of it. From the LCC point of view, the result seems to be cost-effective, when done at that plant where the improvement is used. By demonstrating the social dimension, every component of the energy of plant labor use in the life-cycle process of the lumber production has positive energy benefits. The energy required to install the energy-efficient technology amounts to 30.32 kJ compared to others components of the energy of plant labor and it has the highest value in terms of energy-related social indicators. The paper depicts an example of hardwood lumber production in order to prove the applicability of a sustainability assessment method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" energy life cycle assessment"> energy life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" social life cycle analysis"> social life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20process" title=" manufacturing process"> manufacturing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20assessment" title=" sustainability assessment"> sustainability assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89736/energy-led-sustainability-assessment-approach-for-energy-efficient-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33621</span> Corporate Life Cycle and Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pharmaceutical Industry in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20%28Claire%29%20LI">Jing (Claire) LI</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is significant for pharmaceutical companies in China at this current stage. This is because, as a rapid growth industry in China in recent years, the pharmaceutical industry in China has been undergone continuous and terrible incidents relating to CSR. However, there is limited research and practice of CSR in Chinese pharmaceutical companies. Also, there is an urgent call for more research in an international context to understand the implications of corporate life cycle on CSR performance. To respond to the research need and research call, this study examines the relationship between corporate life cycle and CSR performance of Chinese listed companies in pharmaceutical industry. This research studies Chinese listed companies in pharmaceutical industry for the period of 2010-2017, where the data is available in database. Following the literature, this study divides CSR performance with regards to CSR dimensions, including shareholders, creditors, employees, customers, suppliers, the government, and the society. This study uses CSR scores of HEXUN database and financial measures of these CSR dimensions to measure the CSR performance. This study performed regression analysis to examine the relationship between corporate life cycle stages and CSR performance with regards to CSR dimensions for pharmaceutical listed companies in China. Using cash flow pattern as proxy of corporate life cycle to classify corporate life cycle stages, this study found that most (least) pharmaceutical companies in China are in maturity (decline) stage. This study found that CSR performance for most dimensions are highest (lowest) in maturity (decline) stage as well. Among these CSR dimensions, performing responsibilities for shareholder is the most important among all CSR responsibilities for pharmaceutical companies. This study is the first to provide important empirical evidence from Chinese pharmaceutical industry on the association between life cycle and CSR performance, supporting that corporate life cycle is a key factor in CSR performance. The study expands corporate life cycle and CSR literatures and has both empirical and theoretical contributions to the literature. From perspective of empirical contributions, the findings contribute to the argument that whether there is a relationship between CSR performance and various corporate life cycle stages in the literature. This study also provides empirical evidence that companies in different corporate life cycles have difference in CSR performance. From perspective of theoretical contributions, this study relates CSR and stakeholders to corporate life cycle stages and complements the corporate life cycle and CSR literature. This study has important implications for managers and policy makers. First, the results will be helpful for managers to have an understanding in the essence of CSR, and their company’s current and future CSR focus over corporate life cycle. This study provides a reference for their actions and may help them make more wise resources allocation decisions of CSR investment. Second, policy makers (in the government, stock exchanges, and securities commission) may consider corporate life cycle as an important factor in formulating future regulations for companies. Future research can explore the "process-based" differences in CSR performance and more industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20life%20cycle" title=" corporate life cycle"> corporate life cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" corporate social responsibility"> corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20industry" title=" pharmaceutical industry"> pharmaceutical industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128353/corporate-life-cycle-and-corporate-social-responsibility-performance-empirical-evidence-from-pharmaceutical-industry-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33620</span> An Assessment of Financial Viability and Sustainability of Hydroponics Using Reclaimed Water Using LCA and LCC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah">Muhammad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atiq%20Ur%20Rehman%20Tariq"> Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Ul%20Haq"> Faraz Ul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developed countries, sustainability measures are widely accepted and acknowledged as crucial for addressing environmental concerns. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation technique, has emerged as a potentially sustainable solution as it can reduce water consumption, land use, and environmental impacts. However, hydroponics may not be economically viable, especially when using reclaimed water, which may entail additional costs and risks. This study aims to address the critical question of whether hydroponics using reclaimed water can achieve a balance between sustainability and financial viability. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) will be integrated to assess the potential of hydroponics whether it is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. While Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is an approach that assesses the total cost of an asset over its life cycle, including initial capital costs and maintenance costs. The expected benefits of this study include supporting evidence-based decision-making for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders involved in agriculture. By quantifying environmental impacts and economic costs, this research will facilitate informed choices regarding the adoption of hydroponics with reclaimed water. It is believed that the outcomes of this research work will help to achieve a sustainable approach to agricultural production, aligning with sustainability goals while considering economic factors by adopting hydroponic technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponic" title="hydroponic">hydroponic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520/an-assessment-of-financial-viability-and-sustainability-of-hydroponics-using-reclaimed-water-using-lca-and-lcc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33619</span> Measuring Ecological Footprint: Life Cycle Assessment Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binita%20Shah">Binita Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Unnikrishnan"> Seema Unnikrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent time, an increasing interest in the analysis and efforts to reduce the environmental impacts generated by man-made activities has been seen widely being discussed and implemented by the society. The industrial processes are expressing their concern and showing keen interest in redesigning and amending the operation process leading to better environmental performance by upgrading technologies and adjusting the financial inputs. There are various tools available for the assessment of process and production of goods on the environment. Most methods look at a particular impact on the ecosystem. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely accepted and scientifically founded methodologies to assess the overall environmental impacts of products and processes. This paper looks at the tools used in India for environmental impact assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20footprint" title=" ecological footprint"> ecological footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measuring%20sustainability" title=" measuring sustainability"> measuring sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20093/measuring-ecological-footprint-life-cycle-assessment-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">647</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33618</span> Quantifying Product Impacts on Biodiversity: The Product Biodiversity Footprint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leveque%20Benjamin">Leveque Benjamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabaud%20Suzanne"> Rabaud Suzanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anest%20Hugo"> Anest Hugo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catalan%20Caroline"> Catalan Caroline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neveux%20Guillaume"> Neveux Guillaume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human products consumption is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. However, few pertinent ecological indicators regarding product life cycle impact on species and ecosystems have been built. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies are well under way to conceive standardized methods to assess this impact, by taking already partially into account three of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment pressures (land use, pollutions, climate change). Coupling LCA and ecological data and methods is an emerging challenge to develop a product biodiversity footprint. This approach was tested on three case studies from food processing, textile, and cosmetic industries. It allowed first to improve the environmental relevance of the Potential Disappeared Fraction of species, end-point indicator typically used in life cycle analysis methods, and second to introduce new indicators on overexploitation and invasive species. This type of footprint is a major step in helping companies to identify their impacts on biodiversity and to propose potential improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=companies" title=" companies"> companies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=footprint" title=" footprint"> footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=products" title=" products"> products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61583/quantifying-product-impacts-on-biodiversity-the-product-biodiversity-footprint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33617</span> Life Cycle Assessment as a Decision Making for Window Performance Comparison in Green Building Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Elshafei">Ghada Elshafei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Negm"> Abdelazim Negm </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life cycle assessment is a technique to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service, by compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with identified inputs and releases; and interpreting the results to help you make a more informed decision. In this paper, the life cycle assessment of aluminum and beech wood as two commonly used materials in Egypt for window frames are heading, highlighting their benefits and weaknesses. Window frames of the two materials have been assessed on the basis of their production, energy consumption and environmental impacts. It has been found that the climate change of the windows made of aluminum and beech wood window, for a reference window (1.2m × 1.2m), are 81.7 mPt and - 52.5 mPt impacts respectively. Among the most important results are: fossil fuel consumption, potential contributions to the green building effect and quantities of solid waste tend to be minor for wood products compared to aluminum products; incineration of wood products can cause higher impacts of acidification and eutrophication than aluminum, whereas thermal energy can be recovered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20window" title="aluminum window">aluminum window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beech%20wood%20window" title=" beech wood window"> beech wood window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" life cycle analysis"> life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SimaPro%20software" title=" SimaPro software"> SimaPro software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20frame" title=" window frame"> window frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211/life-cycle-assessment-as-a-decision-making-for-window-performance-comparison-in-green-building-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33616</span> Contribution in Fatigue Life Prediction of Composite Material </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostefa%20Bendouba">Mostefa Bendouba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djebli%20Abdelkader"> Djebli Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkrim%20Aid"> Abdelkrim Aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Benguediab"> Mohamed Benguediab </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The damage evolution mechanism is one of the important focuses of fatigue behaviour investigation of composite materials and also is the foundation to predict fatigue life of composite structures for engineering application. This paper is dedicated to a damage investigation under two block loading cycle fatigue conditions submitted to composite material. The loading sequence effect and the influence of the cycle ratio of the first stage on the cumulative fatigue life were studied herein. Two loading sequences, i.e., high-to-low and low-to-high cases are considered in this paper. The proposed damage indicator is connected cycle by cycle to the S-N curve and the experimental results are in agreement with model expectations. Some experimental researches are used to validate this proposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title="fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20acumulation" title=" damage acumulation"> damage acumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17290/contribution-in-fatigue-life-prediction-of-composite-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33615</span> Analysis of Human Toxicity Potential of Major Building Material Production Stage Using Life Cycle Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakhyun%20Kim">Rakhyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungho%20Tae"> Sungho Tae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global environmental issues such as abnormal weathers due to global warming, resource depletion, and ecosystem distortions have been escalating due to rapid increase of population growth, and expansion of industrial and economic development. Accordingly, initiatives have been implemented by many countries to protect the environment through indirect regulation methods such as Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), in addition to direct regulations such as various emission standards. Following this trend, life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques that provide quantitative environmental information, such as Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), for buildings are being developed in the construction industry. However, at present, the studies on the environmental database of building materials are not sufficient to provide this support adequately. The purpose of this study is to analysis human toxicity potential of major building material production stage using life cycle assessment. For this purpose, the theoretical consideration of the life cycle assessment and environmental impact category was performed and the direction of the study was set up. That is, the major material in the global warming potential view was drawn against the building and life cycle inventory database was selected. The classification was performed about 17 kinds of substance and impact index, such as human toxicity potential, that it specifies in CML2001. The environmental impact of analysis human toxicity potential for the building material production stage was calculated through the characterization. Meanwhile, the environmental impact of building material in the same category was analyze based on the characterization impact which was calculated in this study. In this study, establishment of environmental impact coefficients of major building material by complying with ISO 14040. Through this, it is believed to effectively support the decisions of stakeholders to improve the environmental performance of buildings and provide a basis for voluntary participation of architects in environment consideration activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20toxicity%20potential" title="human toxicity potential">human toxicity potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20building%20material" title=" major building material"> major building material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20stage" title=" production stage"> production stage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96193/analysis-of-human-toxicity-potential-of-major-building-material-production-stage-using-life-cycle-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33614</span> Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Selected Modular Timber Construction and Assembly Typologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Goldsmith">Benjamin Goldsmith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Heisel"> Felix Heisel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building industry must reduce its emissions in order to meet 2030 neutrality targets, and modular and/or offsite construction is seen as an alternative to conventional construction methods which could help achieve this goal. Modular construction has previously been shown to be less wasteful and has a lower global warming potential (GWP). While many studies have been conducted investigating the life cycle impacts of modular and conventional construction, few studies have compared different types of modular assembly and construction in order to determine which offer the greatest environmental benefits over their whole life cycle. This study seeks to investigate three different modular construction types -infill frame, core, and podium- in order to determine environmental impacts such as GWP as well as circularity indicators. The study will focus on the emissions of the production, construction, and end-of-life phases. The circularity of the various approaches will be taken into consideration in order to acknowledge the potential benefits of the ability to reuse and/or reclaim materials, products, and assemblies. The study will conduct hypothetical case studies for the three different modular construction types, and in doing so, control the parameters of location, climate, program, and client. By looking in-depth at the GWP of the beginning and end phases of various simulated modular buildings, it will be possible to make suggestions on which type of construction has the lowest global warming potential. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20construction" title="modular construction">modular construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offsite%20construction" title=" offsite construction"> offsite construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" life cycle analysis"> life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming%20potential" title=" global warming potential"> global warming potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142476/comparative-life-cycle-analysis-of-selected-modular-timber-construction-and-assembly-typologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33613</span> Exergetic and Life Cycle Assessment Analyses of Integrated Biowaste Gasification-Combustion System: A Study Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anabel%20Fernandez">Anabel Fernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Rodriguez-Ortiz"> Leandro Rodriguez-Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Rodr%C3%ADGuez"> Rosa RodríGuez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the negative impact of fossil fuels, renewable energies are promising sources to limit global temperature rise and damage to the environment. Also, the development of technology is focused on obtaining energetic products from renewable sources. In this study, a thermodynamic model including Exergy balance and a subsequent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) were carried out for four subsystems of the integrated gasification-combustion of pinewood. Results of exergy analysis and LCA showed the process feasibility in terms of exergy efficiency and global energy efficiency of the life cycle (GEELC). Moreover, the energy return on investment (EROI) index was calculated. The global exergy efficiency resulted in 67 %. For pretreatment, reaction, cleaning, and electric generation subsystems, the results were 85, 59, 87, and 29 %, respectively. Results of LCA indicated that the emissions from the electric generation caused the most damage to the atmosphere, water, and soil. GEELC resulted in 31.09 % for the global process. This result suggested the environmental feasibility of an integrated gasification-combustion system. EROI resulted in 3.15, which determinates the sustainability of the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20analysis" title="exergy analysis">exergy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment%20%28LCA%29" title=" life cycle assessment (LCA)"> life cycle assessment (LCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewability" title=" renewability"> renewability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139076/exergetic-and-life-cycle-assessment-analyses-of-integrated-biowaste-gasification-combustion-system-a-study-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33612</span> The Life-Cycle Theory of Dividends: Evidence from Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vashti%20Carissa">Vashti Carissa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to examine whether the life-cycle theory of dividends could explain the determinant of an optimal dividend policy in Indonesia. The sample that was used consists of 1,420 non-financial and non-trade, services, investment firms listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2014. According to this finding using logistic regression, firm life-cycle measured by retained earnings as a proportion of total equity (RETE) significantly has a positive effect on the propensity of a firm pays dividend. The higher company’s earned surplus portion in its capital structure could reflect firm maturity level which will increase the likelihood of dividend payment in mature firms. This result provides an additional empirical evidence about the existence of life-cycle theory of dividends for dividend payout phenomenon in Indonesia. It can be known that dividends tend to be paid by mature firms while retention is more dominating in growth firms. From the testing results, it can also be known that majority of sample firms are being in the growth phase which proves the fact about infrequent dividend distribution in Indonesia during the ten years observation period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dividend" title="dividend">dividend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dividend%20policy" title=" dividend policy"> dividend policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-cycle%20theory%20of%20dividends" title=" life-cycle theory of dividends"> life-cycle theory of dividends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mix%20of%20earned%20and%20contributed%20capital" title=" mix of earned and contributed capital"> mix of earned and contributed capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56617/the-life-cycle-theory-of-dividends-evidence-from-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33611</span> Simulation Aided Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Framework for Manufacturing Design and Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mijoh%20A.%20Gbededo">Mijoh A. Gbededo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapila%20Liyanage"> Kapila Liyanage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilias%20Oraifige"> Ilias Oraifige</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decision making for sustainable manufacturing design and management requires critical considerations due to the complexity and partly conflicting issues of economic, social and environmental factors. Although there are tools capable of assessing the combination of one or two of the sustainability factors, the frameworks have not adequately integrated all the three factors. Case study and review of existing simulation applications also shows the approach lacks integration of the sustainability factors. In this paper we discussed the development of a simulation based framework for support of a holistic assessment of sustainable manufacturing design and management. To achieve this, a strategic approach is introduced to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the existing decision supporting tools. Investigation reveals that Discrete Event Simulation (DES) can serve as a rock base for other Life Cycle Analysis frameworks. Simio-DES application optimizes systems for both economic and competitive advantage, Granta CES EduPack and SimaPro collate data for Material Flow Analysis and environmental Life Cycle Assessment, while social and stakeholders’ analysis is supported by Analytical Hierarchy Process, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method. Such a common and integrated framework creates a platform for companies to build a computer simulation model of a real system and assess the impact of alternative solutions before implementing a chosen solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title="discrete event simulation">discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20sustainability%20analysis" title=" life cycle sustainability analysis"> life cycle sustainability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46379/simulation-aided-life-cycle-sustainability-assessment-framework-for-manufacturing-design-and-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33610</span> Research on the Strategy of Whole-Life-Cycle Campus Design from the Perspective of Sustainable Concept: A Case Study on Hangzhou Senior High School in Zhejiang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang">Fan Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of social economy and the popularization of quality education, the Chinese government invests more and more funding in education. Campus constructions are experiencing a great development phase. Under the trend of sustainable development, modern green campus design needs to meet new requirements of contemporary, informational and diversified education means and adapt to future education development. Educators, designers and other participants of campus design are facing new challenges. By studying and analyzing the universal unsatisfied current situations and sustainable development requirements of Chinese campuses, this paper summarizes the strategies and intentions of the whole-life-cycle campus design. In addition, a Chinese high school in Zhejiang province is added to illustrate the design cycle in an actual case. It is aimed to make all participants of campus design, especially the designers, to realize the importance of whole-life-cycle campus design and cooperate better. Sustainable campus design is expected to come true in deed instead of becoming a slogan in this way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=campus%20design" title="campus design">campus design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20school" title=" green school"> green school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole-life-cycle%20design" title=" whole-life-cycle design"> whole-life-cycle design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71200/research-on-the-strategy-of-whole-life-cycle-campus-design-from-the-perspective-of-sustainable-concept-a-case-study-on-hangzhou-senior-high-school-in-zhejiang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33609</span> Clarification of the Essential of Life Cycle Cost upon Decision-Making Process: An Empirical Study in Building Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayedh%20Alqahtani">Ayedh Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Whyte"> Andrew Whyte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is one of the goals and key pillars of the construction management science because it comprises many of the functions and processes necessary, which assist organisations and agencies to achieve their goals. It has therefore become important to design and control assets during their whole life cycle, from the design and planning phase through to disposal phase. LCCA is aimed to improve the decision making system in the ownership of assets by taking into account all the cost elements including to the asset throughout its life. Current application of LCC approach is impractical during misunderstanding of the advantages of LCC. This main objective of this research is to show a different relationship between capital cost and long-term running costs. One hundred and thirty eight actual building projects in United Kingdom (UK) were used in order to achieve and measure the above-mentioned objective of the study. The result shown that LCC is one of the most significant tools should be considered on the decision making process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20projects" title="building projects">building projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20cost" title=" capital cost"> capital cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20costs" title=" maintenance costs"> maintenance costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20costs" title=" operation costs"> operation costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17485/clarification-of-the-essential-of-life-cycle-cost-upon-decision-making-process-an-empirical-study-in-building-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33608</span> Challenging Barriers to the Evolution of the Saudi Animation Industry Life-Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ohud%20Alharbi">Ohud Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emily%20Baines"> Emily Baines</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The animation industry is one of the creative industries that have attracted recent historiographical attention. However, there has been very limited research on Saudi Arabian and wider Arabian animation industries, while there are a large number of studies that have covered this issue for North America, Europe and East Asia. The existing studies show that developed countries such as USA, Japan and the UK have reached the Maturity stage in their animation industry life-cycle. On the other hand, developing countries that are still in the Introduction phase of the industry life-cycle face challenges to improve their industry. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries whose animation industry is still in its infancy. Thus, the aim of this paper is to address the main barriers that hinder the evolution of the industry life-cycle for Saudi animation – challenges that are also relevant to many other early stage industries in developing countries. These barriers have been analysed using the early mobility barriers defined by Porter, to provide a conceptual structure for defining recommendations to enable the transition to a strong Growth phase industry. This study utilized qualitative methods to collect data, which involved in-depth interviews, document analysis and observations. It also undertook a comparative case study approach to investigate the animation industry life-cycle, with three selected case studies that have a more developed industry than Saudi animation. Case studies include: the United Kingdom, which represents a Mature animation industry; Egypt, which represents an established Growth stage industry; and the United Arab of Emirates, which is an early Growth stage industry. This study suggests adopting appropriate strategies that arise as findings from the comparative case studies, to overcome barriers and facilitate the growth of the Saudi animation industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title="barriers">barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20life-cycle" title=" industry life-cycle"> industry life-cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20animation" title=" Saudi animation"> Saudi animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry "> industry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27685/challenging-barriers-to-the-evolution-of-the-saudi-animation-industry-life-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33607</span> Life Cycle Cost Evaluation of Structures Retrofitted with Damped Cable System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asad%20Naeem">Asad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nour%20Eldin"> Mohamed Nour Eldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinkoo%20Kim"> Jinkoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the seismic performance and life cycle cost (LCC) are evaluated of the structure retrofitted with the damped cable system (DCS). The DCS is a seismic retrofit system composed of a high-strength steel cable and pressurized viscous dampers. The analysis model of the system is first derived using various link elements in SAP2000, and fragility curves of the structure retrofitted with the DCS and viscous dampers are obtained using incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the residual displacements of the structure equipped with the DCS are smaller than those of the structure with retrofitted with only conventional viscous dampers, due to the enhanced stiffness/strength and self-centering capability of the damped cable system. The fragility analysis shows that the structure retrofitted with the DCS has the least probability of reaching the specific limit states compared to the bare structure and the structure with viscous damper. It is also observed that the initial cost of the DCS method required for the seismic retrofit is smaller than that of the structure with viscous dampers and that the LCC of the structure equipped with the DCS is smaller than that of the structure with viscous dampers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damped%20cable%20system" title="damped cable system">damped cable system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility%20curve" title=" fragility curve"> fragility curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-centering" title=" self-centering"> self-centering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77662/life-cycle-cost-evaluation-of-structures-retrofitted-with-damped-cable-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33606</span> Life Cycle Assessment in Road Pavements: A Literature Review and the Potential Use in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Santos">B. V. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20M.%20Carvalho"> M. T. M. Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20S.%20R%C3%AAgo"> J. H. S. Rêgo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents a literature review on recent advances related to studies of the environmental impact of road pavements, with reference to the concepts of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). An introduction with the main motivations for the development of the research is presented, with a current overview of the Brazilian transport infrastructure and the projections for the road mode for the coming years, and the possibility of using the referred methodology by the road sector in Brazil. The article explores the origin of LCA in road pavements and the details linked to its implementation from the perspective of the four main phases of the study (goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation). Finally, the main advances and deficiencies observed in the selected studies are gathered, with the proposition of research fields that can be explored in future national or international studies of LCA of road pavements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pavements" title=" road pavements"> road pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000/life-cycle-assessment-in-road-pavements-a-literature-review-and-the-potential-use-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33605</span> Total Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Buildings in the US</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Gu">Hongmei Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaobo%20Liang"> Shaobo Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Bergman"> Richard Bergman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With current worldwide trend in designs to have net-zero emission buildings to mitigate climate change, widespread use of mass timber products, such as Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), or Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) or Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT) in buildings have been proposed as one approach in reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Consequentially, mass timber building designs are being adopted more and more by architectures in North America, especially for mid- to high-rise buildings where concrete and steel buildings are currently prevalent, but traditional light-frame wood buildings are not. Wood buildings and their associated wood products have tended to have lower environmental impacts than competing energy-intensive materials. It is common practice to conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) and life cycle cost analyses on buildings with traditional structural materials like concrete and steel in the building design process. Mass timber buildings with lower environmental impacts, especially GHG emissions, can contribute to the Net Zero-emission goal for the world-building sector. However, the economic impacts from CLT mass timber buildings still vary from the life-cycle cost perspective and environmental trade-offs associated with GHG emissions. This paper quantified the Total Life Cycle Cost and cradle-to-grave GHG emissions of a pre-designed CLT mass timber building and compared it to a functionally-equivalent concrete building. The Total life cycle Eco-cost-efficiency is defined in this study and calculated to discuss the trade-offs for the net-zero emission buildings in a holistic view for both environmental and economic impacts. Mass timber used in buildings for the United States is targeted to the materials from the nation’s sustainable managed forest in order to benefit both national and global environments and economies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title="GHG">GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-cost-efficiency" title=" eco-cost-efficiency"> eco-cost-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20life-cycle%20costs" title=" total life-cycle costs"> total life-cycle costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406/total-life-cycle-cost-and-life-cycle-assessment-of-mass-timber-buildings-in-the-us" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33604</span> Analysing the Applicability of a Participatory Approach to Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Case Study of a Housing Estate Regeneration in London</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Navabakhsh">Sahar Navabakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokia%20%20Raslan"> Rokia Raslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yair%20Schwartz"> Yair Schwartz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decision-making on regeneration of housing estates, whether to refurbish or re-build, has been mostly triggered by economic factors. To enable sustainable growth, it is vital that environmental and social impacts of different scenarios are also taken into account. The methodology used to include all the three sustainable development pillars is called Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), which comprises of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the assessment of environmental impacts of buildings. Current practice of LCA is regularly conducted post design stage and by sustainability experts. Not only is undertaking an LCA at this stage less effective, but issues such as the limited scope for the definition and assessment of environmental impacts, the implication of changes in the system boundary and the alteration of each of the variable metrics, employment of different Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods and use of various inventory data for Life Cycle Inventory Analysis can result in considerably contrasting results. Given the niche nature and scarce specialist domain of LCA of buildings, the majority of the stakeholders do not contribute to the generation or interpretation of the impact assessment, and the results can be generated and interpreted subjectively due to the mentioned uncertainties. For an effective and democratic assessment of environmental impacts, different stakeholders, and in particular the community and design team should collaborate in the process of data collection, assessment and analysis. This paper examines and evaluates a participatory approach to LCSA through the analysis of a case study of a housing estate in South West London. The study has been conducted throughout tier-based collaborative methods to collect and share data through surveys and co-design workshops with the community members and the design team as the main stakeholders. The assessment of lifecycle impacts is conducted throughout the process and has influenced the decision-making on the design of the Community Plan. The evaluation concludes better assessment transparency and outcome, alongside other socio-economic benefits of identifying and engaging the most contributive stakeholders in the process of conducting LCSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20LCA" title=" participatory LCA"> participatory LCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20sustainability%20assessment" title=" life cycle sustainability assessment"> life cycle sustainability assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20processes" title=" participatory processes"> participatory processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20estate%20regeneration" title=" housing estate regeneration"> housing estate regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137055/analysing-the-applicability-of-a-participatory-approach-to-life-cycle-sustainability-assessment-case-study-of-a-housing-estate-regeneration-in-london" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis&page=2">2</a></li> <li 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