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科学网—钟灵毓秀的泰宁世界地质公园 - 苏德辰的博文

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jQuery("#showreplay_"+cid).append('<a class="reveal" id="hidereplay_'+cid+'" onclick="packup('+cid+');">收起</a>'); } function packup(cid) { jQuery("#showreplay_"+cid).hide(); jQuery("#lookover_"+cid).show(); jQuery("#hidereplay_"+cid).remove(); } jQuery(document).ready( function($){ $("img").lazyload({ placeholder : "/static/js/grey.gif", effect : "fadeIn", threshold : 200 }); }); </script> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h1 class="mt"><span class="z">博文</span> </h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 钟灵毓秀的泰宁世界地质公园 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 4395 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-7-29 13:12</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&amp;uid=39317&amp;do=blog&amp;classid=120297&amp;view=me">地学科普</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&amp;do=blog&amp;view=all&amp;uid=39317&amp;catid=7">科普集锦</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 20px; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #1F497D; font-family: 微软雅黑, ">&nbsp;钟灵毓秀的泰宁世界地质公园&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:center;text-indent:28px"><span style="font-size: 14px;">文:苏德辰;照片提供:泰宁世界地质公园管委会</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁地质公园位于武夷山脉中段东南侧的福建省内,行政区划上属于福建省三明市泰宁县。公园北起泰宁县朱口镇的鸡公山,南到大龙乡,长约65千米,东西宽5~35千米,总面积近500平方千米。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁地质公园地质历史悠久、地质遗迹丰富,它以“类型齐全的丹霞地貌、花岗岩地貌、构造地貌为特色,以良好的生态环境为载体,以悠久的历史文化为内涵”,于2005年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界地质公园”。2010年,泰宁作为“密集峰丛峡谷型丹霞的代表”与广东丹霞山、浙江江郎山等6个丹霞地貌景区一起以“中国丹霞”的名义列入“世界自然遗产”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁地质公园有着长而复杂的地质演化背景。从距今约2亿年至1.65亿年间,受古太平洋板块的俯冲作用影响,中国东部地壳活动变得异常活跃,有大规模的岩浆侵入和火山喷发。在福建境内形成了两条规模巨大的断裂,其一从闽浙交界处的政和县向西南方向直达广东的大埔县的政和—大埔断裂,它横穿福建中部;其二始于崇安县,向西南方向直至江西石城,称为崇安—石城断裂。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">从距今1.45亿年的白垩纪开始,强烈的地壳作用在政和—大埔断裂带与崇安—石城断裂之间的福建境内形成了30多个呈北东向展布的陆相盆地(陈淑华等,2020),它们大多以断层为界,形成过程中以持续沉降为主要特征,被称为断陷盆地。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202407/29/130208c3354zi43ad34hi4.jpg" title="" alt="福建白垩纪红层分布图_陈淑华等,2020.jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em><span style="font-size: 14px;">福建省白垩纪红层分布,共36个红色盆地,陈淑华等,2020图中绿色区域都是白垩纪形成的盆地</span></em></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">白垩纪是地球史上气候极为特殊的时期,大气中二氧化碳浓度和全球气温都显著高于现在。在极高温和干旱环境下,山体风化、剥蚀产生的大量的泥、砂、砾石等碎屑物普遍因其中的铁元素被氧化而呈红色(吕镔等,2019)。它们随着盆地不断沉降而被河水、洪流带入盆地,形成了巨厚的红色砂岩和砂砾岩层。这些层层叠叠、以红色为主的岩层被当地人称为“赤石”,在地质上被称为“红层”,这些断陷盆地也因此被称为“红盆”。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁地质公园的核心景区就由其中的两个半圆形断陷盆地所构成,西南的叫龙安盆地,东北的叫朱口盆地,本文合称为泰宁盆地。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁及附近在白垩纪有两期较大的火山活动,第一期主要发生在距今约1.41亿年至1.35亿年间,包括泰宁在内的闽西地区有强烈的火山喷发和大规模的花岗岩侵入,第二期主要发生在距今约1.1亿年至8千万年前,但规模相对较小(任俊等,2021)。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202407/29/130900c8zdtmcd1iazbppb.jpg" title="" alt="华南东部陆缘白垩纪构造演化模式图,任俊,张岳桥.2021-C.jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em><span style="font-size: 14px;">华南东部陆缘白垩纪构造演化模式图,任俊,张岳桥.2021</span></em></span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">为便于研究对比,厚度巨大的红层往往被细分为不同的组。与泰宁盆地直接相关的最主要地层是厚度为272米的沙县组粉砂质泥岩,以及覆盖在沙县组之上、厚度变化于500-2000米之间的崇安组红色砂砾岩、砂岩。巨厚的“赤石”在地壳作用下产生纵横交错的裂隙,同时遭受地表流水的长期侵蚀,在重力崩塌作用的加持下,形成众多以赤壁丹崖为特征的各种地貌形态,这就是丹霞地貌。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">在沙县组与崇安组地层之间,有一层颜色较浅但厚度较大的流纹质火山凝灰岩,最新的同位素测年结果表明,其形成于距今9800万年左右(邢光福等,2013)。这个年龄值可以做为其上部巨厚的崇安组红层的起始沉积时间,但不是泰宁丹霞地貌的起始时间。而丹霞地貌的形成过程远在这些红色碎屑物经过压实、固结变成坚硬的红层之后,但与这些红层的形成过程以及白垩纪之后的地质演化过程密切相关。其精确的形成过程目前还有许多争议。除了丹霞地貌的年龄之争外,泰宁地质公园还有许多未解之迷,比如景区内的千奇百怪的洞穴成因、扑朔迷离“天书”之迷等等,以及可能还未发现的各种自然现象都有待读者们去探索。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">泰宁地质公园内有石网、大金湖、八仙崖和金铙山四个特色园区和多条科考、研学路线,其中最具特色的是泰宁丹霞地貌,它以“最密集的网状谷地、最发育的崖壁洞穴、最完好的古夷平面、最丰富的岩穴文化、最宏大的水上丹霞”等特色鹤立于中国众多的丹霞地貌景区中。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CC%A9%C4%FE_20190529092001%20%BF%BD%B1%B4.jpg&id=1293329"/></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em><span style="font-size: 14px;">大金湖景区的大赤壁 强烈的侵蚀和大规模崩塌后形成的赤壁丹崖</span></em></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CC%A9%C4%FE_20190529091955.jpg&id=1293330" style=""/></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em>上清溪:深切峡谷,</em></span><em style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">上清溪位于石网园区的核心部位,它是地壳长期抬升、流水不断沿裂隙向下侵蚀所形成的峡谷曲流。峡谷最宽处约10 米,最窄处仅25 米,深80 - 200 米。</em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CC%A9%C4%FE_20190529092007%20%BF%BD%B1%B4.jpg&id=1293331" style="text-align: center;"/></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em><span style="font-size: 14px;">湖中丹霞,</span></em></span><em style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">河水强烈垂向和侧向侵蚀,使峡谷变深、变宽,重力崩塌形成赤壁丹崖,并把红色砂砾岩中的裂隙暴露无疑。</span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CC%A9%C4%FE_20190529092209%20%BF%BD%B1%B4.jpg&id=1293332" style=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em><span style="font-size: 14px;">依托大型丹霞岩洞和崖壁建造的甘露寺,</span></em></span><em style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 等线;">位于泰宁地质公园金湖西岸,始建于公元1146年,是我国建筑史上一大杰作。原建筑于1961年毁于火灾。</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CC%A9%C4%FE_20190529092216%20%BF%BD%B1%B4.jpg&id=1293334" style=""/></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><em>天穹岩:</em></span><em style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">套叠状洞穴群的典型代表。这样复杂而又完美的洞穴是如何形成的?一种解释说这些洞穴是垂直水流沿崖壁自上而下呈扇形进行浸润、冲蚀,岩层湿胀干缩,产生片状风化剥落、崩塌,形成呈圆弧形内凹的穹窿状洞穴。同时在穹窿状凹洞的内壁形成次级凹洞,次级凹洞内还可以进一步产生次级凹洞。如果用盐风化去解释可能更加合理。</em></p><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">希望你也有机会踏入这片被时间之手轻轻抚摸过的土地,去发现泰宁世界地质公园更多的秘密、去感受大自然的魅力!</span></p><p style="text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">除了丰富的地质多样性外,泰宁地质公园还具有极为丰富的生物多样性。泰宁所在的三明市有悠久的人文历史和丰富多彩的民俗风情,古代贤达<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">朱熹就诞生在三明。泰宁</span>是研学旅行不可多得的宝地,是<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, ">万里之行非去不可的世界遗产地</span>。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">主要参考文献:</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">1.梁诗经,陈宁璋主编,2006. 泰宁.</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">2.邢光福,郑剑波等,2013. 福建泰宁世界地质公园丹霞红层研究. 地层学杂志, Vol.37(1) 18-24 .</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">3.吕镔,刘秀铭等,2019. 福建白垩系沙县组地层磁学特征及其环境意义. 沉积学报,Vol. 37(3):519-531.</span></p><p style="margin-left:24px"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">4.陈淑华等,2020. 福建白垩纪红层火山岩夹层时代及构造意义. 地球科学, Vol.45(7):2508-2523.</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 14px;">5.任俊,张岳桥,2021. 闽西武夷山建宁—泰宁地区白垩纪火山—沉积序列:对华南东部晚中生代构造演化的制约,地质学报,Vol. 95(8): 2411-2435.</span></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权,同时请注明本文来自苏德辰科学网博客。<br />链接地址:</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-39317-1444261.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-39317-1444261.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇:<a href='blog-39317-1420694.html' target='_black'>央视纪录片《破解地球的奥秘——向地球内部进发》的一些问题</a><br />下一篇:<a href='blog-39317-1456049.html' target='_black'>河流为什么会转弯?</a> <!--大赛结束--> </div> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr></tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> function errorhandle_clickhandle(message, values) { if(values['id']) { showCreditPrompt(); show_click(values['idtype'], values['id'], values['clickid']); } } </script> </div> <div class="o cl"> 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