CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914c2a39ffe1cdea',cH: 'ENBd396.IQHiC9a9ZoHJDHQZ6GhITf5sqeMlfs6alkc-1740030058-1.2.1.1-ZljEWEPbgOYjMWYJLOujVa_WsoGJLjRf5rLfLRfz2.sroHG6NDGN8uuj_QyHBEpC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20modules&__cf_chl_tk=4ZABpbFs0Z1ej.AvHsS30I36BqUb9WUf._.nW24y2UA-1740030058-1.0.1.1-73_N1EIIbEVTIFhBRX0_05wb_IJ5FKCsPE1GxVnB_bA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740030058',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20modules&__cf_chl_f_tk=4ZABpbFs0Z1ej.AvHsS30I36BqUb9WUf._.nW24y2UA-1740030058-1.0.1.1-73_N1EIIbEVTIFhBRX0_05wb_IJ5FKCsPE1GxVnB_bA",md: "pzyE8_ovzrUMOlXnuy_zIixbgHWw25Fp2JWa8T2muLE-1740030058-1.2.1.1-HC5KHbRGMr0KlJowSqwjuDqPkvBrNySBF9fusvs51rp6sOcGXATjkx2883Az2NInJM5POYkehVj4B3KO5Wuna02m62gjriK_iGO4d34IUvfmtKE.kTiQJL1DQvqzb3FlyXzJ7R.Rxz78KVvVbdIlNuyq4B4MMh..k1appedwM8J0N9xV5GMOq4as3CVwQO08Flq76hfdfzEsD6NBY4ARW0pdJAoLg8kcx423K6QI2aT_2pCPOIvdp4SngiVpYKaM9sjm6zjLqyBY.jOufLJOtfWhIPTzmsSs.bzeXSB7uohveRNBSxMACMjdVONM1w.Qmz3SXAtBWyAzF9WFrm4uzRj.Y5AmFHn4oD7PK2ijSsXJLQdB9aOKbnlqvDHkybVGU7g3qNqRvcdH.69GaQu0foZkQSTy.XaEf4dlVz.NkzS3cSyeBSGhAbjYtFme_ghJczrVApM81Zhm9TJv3idFmEm0fIL3xYRmHZCJNDQUSRMX6U.GJ7zKtYDWnp.C.h.Q.Jd9NsYOYCJrdV2HegM7i2bJ8cww.OGRHIMPGCAbnS6qsYOkLWd7uuSOJKSPsEmOCK6PYz50eb48YrCy8TP3IGYBt8W9rCe72vc60l_4d8EEyEw510.wVCpGNadLJy9n10IwCi22KFnpwX1czetrnsylwvtQq5FwsUTn0i56IBofIvjuMPDfcaL3fs1V3Gs4WMDd42zfjMpt0ihcNIQOqtkBDd6buYxzotbnPBJI6Jz087Pq4SG0EWnGPIRV0NTqKz1aLFHYFPCKQ6lBOxWLVUyw8T_p4jDMlsOypIoVyWFcCy.QBo2bonzeEF0dvkuwhEXdqLPBH3WEn2CVSPzyqqE2zhgYX53xRZhc06RJIuUw06TSAMUrJq_vCgXAbb33XNMQbWrnyn_sbX7ecMkxeUDp8Itte_zuClkX7sofnogcMQEtg13JQNYJAOxJmqgOQSHWq9ZTTO2zTQ1tTXBg5ynMThECRyJRul3CkCzJG6qA_P1EDrNJTvkk0m1xBpTkG6hOdQdo7Y8BBtNeOfkcgA_H6D8ffUvtLpHb6c7iexU7Y7vsrz6PkMgjc2gQnkYf6RakWHWtlLuSD4k0u4OXmG2lqruaMbEaeO9PCbBMwyFnpp_cPNqePEdv5rKLB1rFLwVikzh2mUYrRXEW5KuWvhq4CeosSO9RKyUI5W6hWojOCKkVmddiFFUf66ZlLzZH.voKYC.GDirsl9vtByX5FQpBPlg16NPS.QFgbmGqF9itfeSO22rbAaYg31I1YjMMw_PoP20GtGOFJYrqFLcFM9Bgpt34wKhygiI.qNmsG24_2dJNuk5ZzHfqIDsN0exb.UH3G043vNVYC6jVfcUvpv63mPlCZnjxVE8gY.Yq3JHsWB2T9fiogui3TAKFKZdC0HIhoiaJuzO8bHhwXPhc7JoBUDsS0cUR8gXH8ooQqlOI_xHdBvmA7n7C9v5.Av1WzOiMgrE9GtO1C7MAf398U8syRIM6ErJjidIrZ9QPjY1TtRKu133OXbwTEK5RVFaK7y2q2L2DuTwW6c36MKg91bLsNS6M_7bcelAHB2qjW4fcz90cJWka70fwC9tTgpu.AMP_WmzNx6Qq8doqVqRQUkt64tG_5CnVOUvsGVhapEdRQz_65nb86oVdAOkh4CCVBFEL9FxPTJ5RM_v1j04Fnt7u36YH62kfYTnA339Vge6_nwbWv9qV5KsdMHP9rZu0JpJINaLFC8CLQv9kFG9YcONLgI9gKzfwSKCWZ5X_x9tQZVwPl9wQpT.xKMDmsXFxPO2G3wHdGpXCmCoV2IV76pdM848X1cSTLAAK1fiLyOAyN69tkBc_Rwk7i.2OdPul2MrXDv.0haJ_wRNL5G3xuAI.n1tSBUAFd1gz2zBqBGCjMrpfIk9YTwUg0QRr.7YZjmaH9pJx5XzN6SdJz2ScUA",mdrd: "zRwHHdNIDrzYuzd4NnFDicmzIAMTgoLQnCyVSBUN1E8-1740030058-1.2.1.1-lkkV.HvZJ.WkYmUnOml42TAv99eaoiaUwptAUCTQY3ba9rbiNgdPmwzIk0B1U.pSahH8GNiFvmAKP1XX4he7CFQVTR5MYxoX2NMBr.PpOb_Qf63lX4rew0_pQaVLo2S7sBaUZJEtF05HnO9sVeJS8L71SXu80cCgcb7S_OO8cEpOpHWBMqZDoShRBNnvuxg2BlQb4ZZyvGAGXNAv9NLLc6eVfLtwBKUQS5Sx9vdbxiY3ikir6ve8L2MUoif3foAEXcpy91SRCfLG_yaX0_.gLgS1u9mrWqqjnFnUqVuvBWmcBOqqkRBRhJw6S3M6f4dopFWYLwk_FVT_MP_rwBN1ReKlwBXkQjELnq_qFZ1Z3QeNI1PdNAHTbH9MEFK7wUpuaj4b.QpzpKniMgnEYWPmyyRGI2zJyl5lkUQb2vCpDTzCK9otts62nCUKCOClBuK067BIq6JVV9vNj0EKU0n76iQV5YlEORxHvfanXCGvAT11K8zbctb1.jKwyJJ_nWu7ZUiAR1LTrMRoIDwoqxiEwnaqId9VbaDZCoeVzwKG9ngbeyCmh8wKF8Rnb8WFCx9ThnwaAAAm2NpDGJO.5Pyx_K2L6k1JHRzJhqxei.mcDpI7HKB87R4twnWOtnPWMKEeEaYUk6awyKWuUi0WjA70SrBASNV5E73FmgkJq4NT0MXi6Em2dxifHlwOlJS1Daxc6ME1GSjzcLc.5F6wngrhoH2syMWRrpj1Tg6zoP2P71X7WKjFUqDbr6Nlkq7.b2CDgtWpSuHMkmoJVUBqI0vnrHHz4arVAEgQNNovjVrGMF1TrwffEY.b78diKbr2dBoEm3vbB_iy4BfnqBC8ruMMmfvpApwfDed5GsTYjSc5oSOiblj2X5qQd2D9.cRsAQFryqVdagxnOxAdCZfAYT7IGxJThihpnH9FhaH4QdDZr4R7UvZaKQTrb37cRYVqrtyvVifwiAT0xwW.gWQRB0D6Bzm.eXpptZ5sq7IvV3Ymn4m5Dc5Xt5wBODTYyQd1M5s4WLVkApY0kUN57826wsG8LgC3QnIYqJGsqVU7UhQKaNCLbfh2PDiexbwbE87JLe3uRiYCLtYkdROUQFJJB3V3084WgFJKvD3DfdM7n59ND.js0QZBZIAnfirdaLbH3jQwPATYKiTXUcObZkllhegtIJkJj4IspV12vBJmhbyN5xe_dc1HFepOTFkRoUZp45qlcL5GWed2xM5BTNV6lFMuI4cfkZ_3p6NpGMJwQ0fYxJrCS0D1jBNe.A5eKxt.U3hw5eXltq_l4qLRscO_sK0BQb5LBTcpE5mabhEBJueFBeWlv0DDfYPSzpC_V8oSWdzGHwxpVVAN3rt4.oOCXYysLZGQcr2NNY6atzZxH9nhe2S6qEpzLztkLSKZhcjAWfTitbClmWZOuk7a3dqCgEVb9KswS1DKmXeXmT2KRFpthUhMfIrmTGUImyZdxlxxwnPZwVv3xFRciCPLZ5vwXEARVqRkDSbxZAlq5ni96gjlrJToG2Z0Z.oFP29lRGcdwBVFXhVLWPhBxCBSIO_gQQGVs1gGNU1deFMcYiThVSTrXHHHy8MY750A5Zd1YW68rwN.QOSndu80jfwSf_P48mR5vinhhc_ajJCrCaMABFMhqOWZvFLw8xPNfVZYS6rLhwewojO1J8MgPtchQ4uvl6Q3aJLwO9t5xB5y4ujPNq6YVw_dcFtQv5jm0bOhXMp0JXjL63QWiqAfq_e6J8Jd_Rktq3xNZ4PxCuOIK5LIM_1cyeZ7sCuNKuQEPjoWiQ.9pp_xvFMhquC2P82e5OgLxc7OJyViJ17ceWr9cmLSKk931AcVPD9LDXFYYzrM5E5sV9E7lmdJH1mJv1Xi436HC0EZFoY45jMDNTv.XIOwSEw95LwyrbR2vlMORBSw6emsCvD8XYX1x0ZXhPSUkIdts_NTMk1HTHaMWpEZe63iwxIIieWVX_cqJV33IwfAeogwkNf1"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914c2a39ffe1cdea';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20modules&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4ZABpbFs0Z1ej.AvHsS30I36BqUb9WUf._.nW24y2UA-1740030058-1.0.1.1-73_N1EIIbEVTIFhBRX0_05wb_IJ5FKCsPE1GxVnB_bA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>