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<ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nest_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nest_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nest controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nest_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_red-tailed_hawks_in_the_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_red-tailed_hawks_in_the_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other red-tailed hawks in the area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_red-tailed_hawks_in_the_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_City_red-tail_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Red-tailed hawk living in New York City (1990–2023)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the hawk. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pall Mall (disambiguation)">Pall Mall</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography biota"><caption class="infobox-title">Pale Male</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Palemale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palemale.jpg/220px-Palemale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palemale.jpg/330px-Palemale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palemale.jpg/440px-Palemale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2202" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pale Male eating a pigeon in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal"><i><a href="/wiki/Buteo_jamaicensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Buteo jamaicensis">Buteo jamaicensis</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sex</th><td class="infobox-data">Male</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hatched</th><td class="infobox-data">1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1990</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 16, 2023<span style="display:none">(2023-05-16)</span> (aged 32–33)<br /><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nation from</th><td class="infobox-data category">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Nesting on <a href="/wiki/927_Fifth_Avenue" title="927 Fifth Avenue">927 Fifth Avenue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mate(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>First Love (1992, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1995–1997</span>)</li> <li>Chocolate (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1992–1995</span>)</li> <li>Blue (1998 – <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span class="wrap">September 11, 2001</span></span>)</li> <li>Lola (2002 – December 2010)</li> <li>Lima (on-and-off; early 2011 – February 25, 2012)</li> <li>Paula (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zena (2012)</li> <li>Octavia (2012–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pale Male</b> (1990 – May 16, 2023), or <b>Palemale</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawk</a> that resided in and near New York City's <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> from the 1990s until 2023. Birdwatcher and author <a href="/wiki/Marie_Winn" title="Marie Winn">Marie Winn</a> gave him his name because of the unusually light coloring of his head. He was one of the first red-tailed hawks known to have nested on a building rather than in a tree and is known for establishing a dynasty of urban-dwelling red-tailed hawks. </p><p>Each spring, <a href="/wiki/Bird_watcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird watcher">bird watchers</a> would set up telescopes alongside <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>'s Model Boat Pond to observe his nest and chicks at <a href="/wiki/927_Fifth_Avenue" title="927 Fifth Avenue">927 Fifth Avenue</a>. Although it was suggested over the years that Pale Male could have died and been replaced by a similarly colored bird without the change being observed, there was no strong evidence to confirm or deny this possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-10000birds_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10000birds-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he arrived in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> in 1991, as a first-year immature hawk, Pale Male tried to nest in a tree, but he was driven off by crows. He later roosted on a building on Fifth Avenue across the street from the park. Around early 1992, he found a mate, dubbed "First Love".<sup id="cite_ref-dynasty_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynasty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First Love was injured later that year and removed to <a href="/wiki/The_Raptor_Trust" title="The Raptor Trust">the Raptor Trust</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris County, New Jersey</a>. During her absence, Pale Male took another mate. After several unsuccessful spring nesting attempts, Pale Male and a mate hatched three <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eyas#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:eyas">eyasses</a> in 1995. The eyasses survived to young adulthood and took up residence in Central Park.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First Love returned to Central Park after being banded and released from the Raptor Trust. She and Pale Male reunited and raised several eyasses.<sup id="cite_ref-dynasty_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynasty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some birdwatchers waited several months to see the eyasses grow and then take their first flights. Pale Male brought food to his offspring about five times each day. In 1997, First Love died after eating a poisoned pigeon in Central Park.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pale Male's mate from 1998 to 2001 was a hawk known as Blue.<sup id="cite_ref-dynasty_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynasty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pair were observed to hatch about 11 eyasses in that period. Blue disappeared about the time of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001. In early 2002, Pale Male was first observed with a new mate, Lola. They raised seven eyasses between 2002 and 2004, building a nest on ornamental stonework above a top-story window on a residential <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">housing cooperative</a> at <a href="/wiki/927_Fifth_Avenue" title="927 Fifth Avenue">927 Fifth Avenue</a>, near <a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th Street</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lolaobit2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lolaobit2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Pale Male and Lola collected sticks for a potential nest at a cooperative on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beresford" title="The Beresford">the Beresford</a> at 81st Street and <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a>, in 2006, they never nested there.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lola disappeared in December 2010 and was presumed dead.<sup id="cite_ref-lolaobit2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lolaobit2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new mate appeared in early January 2011. This new hawk, Lima, also called "Ginger", because of her dark feathers on her neck and chin, was only in her second year. She was a young adult, with still-yellow irises, indicating her exact age. Her first nesting attempt was in the winter and spring of 2011 using the existing nest. Ginger exhibited behavior consistent with incubation of eggs in mid-April 2011 and two eyasses emerged towards the end of May 2011, producing the first baby hawks in this nest since 2004. Lima died in late February 2012, presumably after eating a poisoned rat.<sup id="cite_ref-nytfeb2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytfeb2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Lima's death, Pale Male took a new mate, dubbed Zena.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two fledged three offspring, two of which were poisoned, rescued, rehabilitated, and then released back into Central Park. In September 2012, Zena disappeared and was presumed dead, and Pale Male took a new mate, called "Octavia" due to her status as Pale Male's eighth mate.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pm20120902_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pm20120902-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, many observers believed that Pale Male was still alive at the age of 31. This would have made him one of the oldest known red-tailed hawks on record. It was suggested in 2015 that Pale Male could have died sometime over the years and been replaced without birdwatchers' notice by another male hawk with similar coloring, but no substantive evidence has been provided for either fate.<sup id="cite_ref-10000birds_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10000birds-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg/220px-Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg/330px-Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg/440px-Pale_Male_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A makeshift memorial for Pale Male near <a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Water" title="Conservatory Water">Conservatory Water</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> in June 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 16, 2023, wildlife rehabilitator Bob Horvath reported that Pale Male had been found "sick and grounded in Central Park" by New York City Urban Park Ranger Nick Baisley the previous day, on May 15, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Hell_Gate_2023_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hell_Gate_2023-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pale Male was transferred into Horvath's custody and he immediately took the hawk to the vet. Blood work and x-rays were done and Horvath then took him to WINORR to provide supportive care while they waited for the test results. Pale Male died on the evening of May 16, 2023, at age 33.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nest_controversy">Nest controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nest controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early December 2004, the hawks' nest and the <a href="/wiki/Bird_control_spike" title="Bird control spike">anti-pigeon spikes</a> that had long anchored it were removed by the board of the co-op due to concerns about debris from the nest falling to the street below.<sup id="cite_ref-evicted_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evicted-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noFighting_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noFighting-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The removal caused an international outcry and a series of impassioned protests organized by New York City <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon Society">Audubon Society</a> and the Central Park birding community. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a>, a resident of the building and animal rights advocate, also participated in the protests.<sup id="cite_ref-protestsMTM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-protestsMTM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 12, 2004, the building, various city agencies, and the <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon Society">Audubon Society</a> agreed to seek a solution,<sup id="cite_ref-solveControversy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solveControversy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and quickly came to an agreement to replace the spikes and to install a new "cradle" for the nest.<sup id="cite_ref-willCoopAgree_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-willCoopAgree-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coopAgrees_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coopAgrees-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 28, 2004, the scaffolding had been removed and the hawks started bringing twigs to the nest site.<sup id="cite_ref-renovation_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renovation-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, eggs laid by Lola in March 2005 did not hatch, and in fact Pale Male and Lola did not hatch any new eyasses since the disturbance of their original nest.<sup id="cite_ref-repriseNYT_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repriseNYT-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A panel of experts assembled by the Audubon Society reviewed the photos taken of the interior of the nest on January 4, 2008, and recommended the removal of stainless steel spikes seen protruding through the bowl of the nest. The spikes impeded the rolling of the eggs by the female during incubation. The Audubon Society obtained the support and approvals of municipal agencies and property owners to have the 92 spikes removed from the cradle supporting the nest.<sup id="cite_ref-repriseNYT_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repriseNYT-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_red-tailed_hawks_in_the_area">Other red-tailed hawks in the area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other red-tailed hawks in the area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2000, other adult hawk pairs have nested in or on the bounds of Central Park, with varying degrees of success. </p><p>At the south end of the park, a hawk couple dubbed Pale Male Junior (or simply "Junior") and Charlotte nested on the Trump Park Hotel on <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park South">Central Park South</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following reports of red-tails attempting to nest on or near the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a> at the southeast corner of Central Park, a pair of red-tails built a nest in a tree on the edge of the park's <a href="/wiki/Sheep_Meadow" title="Sheep Meadow">Sheep Meadow</a> in 2014 and raised two baby hawks.<sup id="cite_ref-sheep2014_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheep2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reports of further attempts to nest on buildings along or near Central Park South since 2016 have continued, e.g., at the Ritz-Carlton in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-ritz2022_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ritz2022-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but none have been reported successful.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A pair of red-tails known for several years of unsuccessful nesting attempts on buildings along Central Park West built a nest in Central Park's Pinetum in 2022 and successfully fledged two babies.<sup id="cite_ref-pintoDuo_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pintoDuo-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A hawk couple known as Tristan and Isolde claimed Central Park's Great Hill and North Wood as their territory in 2006, but their nest was located about four blocks from the park at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Divine" title="Cathedral of St. John the Divine">Cathedral of St. John the Divine</a>, overlooking <a href="/wiki/Morningside_Park_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morningside Park (New York City)">Morningside Park</a>. Although both Tristan and Isolde have since died or disappeared, they and their successors at the cathedral nest had fledged 28 baby red-tails as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-cathedralNestHistory_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathedralNestHistory-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attempted red-tail nesting activity has been reported at other locations on the periphery of Central Park, including locations on Central Park West since 2013, but none were successful until 2021. In 2021 and 2022, a pair of red-tailed hawks nested on the <a href="/wiki/Terence_Cooke" title="Terence Cooke">Terence Cardinal Cooke</a> Health Center, across Fifth Avenue from Central Park's <a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Garden" title="Conservatory Garden">Conservatory Garden</a>, and hatches were reported there.<sup id="cite_ref-cookeHatch_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cookeHatch-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_York_City_red-tail_population">New York City red-tail population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New York City red-tail population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg/220px-Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg/330px-Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg/440px-Red-tailed-hawk-nyc-oct-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A 2007 study commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon Society">Audubon Society</a> reported that pairs of red-tails were spotted breeding in nests at 32 locations throughout the city, and hawk watchers say they have spotted dozens of unattached red-tails across the five boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-repriseNYT_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repriseNYT-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2010, there have typically been about ten active red-tailed hawk nests in Manhattan per year. For example, in 2014, there were at least eleven red-tailed nests reported in Manhattan, of which ten were known to have fledged baby hawks.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanHawks2014Scorecard_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanHawks2014Scorecard-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 there were ten nests reported, but only five were confirmed to fledge at least a young bird.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanHawks2021Scorecard_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanHawks2021Scorecard-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relatively small green spaces about the city may see red-tailed hawk visitors, while slightly larger locations, such as <a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rogerPaw_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rogerPaw-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins Square Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gogginPhotog_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gogginPhotog-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> Rose Hill campus,<sup id="cite_ref-fordham20070712_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fordham20070712-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the main <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> campus, may support nesting pairs.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia2022_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia2022-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Pale Male</i>, a one-hour documentary by filmmaker Frederic Lilien, aired on <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_program)" title="Nature (TV program)">Nature</a> in 2004. A feature documentary called <i>The Legend of Pale Male</i> by Frederic Lilien was completed in April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">Alternative country</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a> references Pale Male in his song "Down Here Below", from the 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Serenade" title="Washington Square Serenade">Washington Square Serenade</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A puppet of Pale Male made several appearances on <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Night_with_Conan_O%27Brien" title="Late Night with Conan O'Brien">Late Night with Conan O'Brien</a></i> where he played various instruments with <a href="/wiki/The_Max_Weinberg_7" class="mw-redirect" title="The Max Weinberg 7">The Max Weinberg 7</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At least three children's illustrated books about Pale Male have been published, including: <ul><li><i>The Tale of Pale Male: A True Story</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Winter" title="Jeanette Winter">Jeanette Winter</a> (Harcourt, 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>City Hawk: The Story of Pale Male</i>, by Meghan McCarthy (Simon & Schuster, 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pale Male: Citizen Hawk of New York City</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Janet_Schulman" title="Janet Schulman">Janet Schulman</a> (Knopf, 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Pale Male is the mascot of <a href="/wiki/PS_6" title="PS 6">PS 6</a>, an elementary school on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_birds" title="List of individual birds">List of individual birds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.publishersweekly.com&rft.atitle=City+Hawk%3A+The+Story+of+Pale+Male+by+Meghan+McCarthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2F9781416933595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+Male" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/janet-schulman/pale-male/"><i>Pale Male: Citizen Hawk of New York City</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews" title="Kirkus Reviews">Kirkus Reviews</a>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pale+Male%3A+Citizen+Hawk+of+New+York+City&rft.pub=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fjanet-schulman%2Fpale-male%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+Male" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI." class="citation web cs1">I., Raghav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ps6newspaper.weebly.com/pale-male-our-school-mascot.html">"Pale Male, Our School Mascot"</a>. <i>The Student Eye</i>. P.S. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Student+Eye&rft.atitle=Pale+Male%2C+Our+School+Mascot&rft.aulast=I.&rft.aufirst=Raghav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fps6newspaper.weebly.com%2Fpale-male-our-school-mascot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+Male" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Winn" title="Marie Winn">Marie Winn</a>. <i>Central Park in the Dark: More Mysteries of Urban Wildlife</i>. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-12011-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-12011-5">978-0-374-12011-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Winn" title="Marie Winn">Marie Winn</a>. <i>Red-tails in Love: A Wildlife Drama in New York</i>. New York: Vintage, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-75846-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-75846-1">0-679-75846-1</a>.</li> <li>Peri McQuay. <i>A Wing in the Door: Life With A Red-tailed Hawk</i>. New York: Milkweed, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57131-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57131-239-0">1-57131-239-0</a></li> <li>Jeanette Winter. <i>The Tale of Pale Male: A True Story</i>. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-205972-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-205972-9">978-0-15-205972-9</a>. (Children's nonfiction picture book)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_Male&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palemale.com/">Lincoln Karim's Pale Male site (includes many photos)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129010335/http://www.palemale.com/">Archived</a> November 29, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mariewinnnaturenews.blogspot.com/">Marie Winn's website</a>; accessed April 26, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelegendofpalemale.com/">Feature film website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palemaleirregulars.blogspot.com/">Pale Male Irregulars website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0410416/"><i>Pale Male</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/pale-male-introduction/2422/">PBS website page about the <i>Nature</i> episode, "Pale Male".</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210112633/http://pages.cthome.net/rwinkler/news.htm">Pale Male fan chronicles from afar the destruction and restoration of the nest</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Park" title="Template:Central Park"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_Park" title="Template talk:Central Park"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_Park" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central Park"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_Park" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Geographical_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographical features</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill_(Central_Park)" title="Cedar Hill (Central Park)">Cedar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Garden" title="Conservatory Garden">Conservatory Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Water" title="Conservatory Water">Conservatory Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lawn_and_Turtle_Pond" title="Great Lawn and Turtle Pond">Great Lawn and Turtle Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Meer" title="Harlem Meer">Harlem Meer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_Reservoir" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGowan%27s_Pass" title="McGowan's Pass">McGowan's Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Woods_and_North_Meadow" title="North Woods and North Meadow">North Woods and North Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pond_and_Hallett_Nature_Sanctuary" title="The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary">The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ramble_and_Lake" title="The Ramble and Lake">The Ramble and Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Rock_(Central_Park)" title="Rat Rock (Central Park)">Rat Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawkill" title="Sawkill">Sawkill</a> (historical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Village" title="Seneca Village">Seneca Village</a> (historical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Meadow" title="Sheep Meadow">Sheep Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_(memorial)" title="Strawberry Fields (memorial)">Strawberry Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Sculptures_and_public_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_art_in_Central_Park" title="Public art in Central Park">Sculptures and public art</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/107th_Infantry_Memorial" title="107th Infantry Memorial">107th Infantry Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_sculpture" title="Alice in Wonderland sculpture">Alice in Wonderland sculpture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Terrace_and_Fountain" title="Bethesda Terrace and Fountain">Angel of the Waters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Balto" title="Statue of Balto">Balto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar (Central Park)">Simón Bolívar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burnett_Memorial_Fountain" title="Burnett Memorial Fountain">Burnett Memorial Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_(Steell)" title="Robert Burns (Steell)">Robert Burns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Central_Park)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Central Park)">Christopher Columbus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle_(New_York_City)" title="Cleopatra's Needle (New York City)">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Clock" title="Delacorte Clock">Delacorte Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Memorial" title="Duke Ellington Memorial">Duke Ellington Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Memorial" title="Frederick Douglass Memorial">Frederick Douglass Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eagles_and_Prey" title="Eagles and Prey">Eagles and Prey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falconer_(Simonds)" title="The Falconer (Simonds)">The Falconer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Fitz-Greene_Halleck" title="Statue of Fitz-Greene Halleck">Fitz-Greene Halleck</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_Hamilton_(Central_Park)" title="Statue of Alexander Hamilton (Central Park)">Alexander Hamilton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Victor_Herbert" title="Bust of Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hunter_(Ward)" title="Indian Hunter (Ward)">Indian Hunter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Jagiello_Monument" title="King Jagiello Monument">King Jagiello Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of José Martí (Central Park)">José Martí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Bust of Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse_(sculpture)" title="Samuel Finley Breese Morse (sculpture)">Samuel Finley Breese Morse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(Hebald)" title="Romeo and Juliet (Hebald)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of José de San Martín (Central Park)">José de San Martín</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Walter_Scott_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Walter Scott (New York City)">Sir Walter Scott</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Regiment_Memorial" title="Seventh Regiment Memorial">Seventh Regiment Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Shakespeare_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of William Shakespeare (New York City)">William Shakespeare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_J._Marion_Sims" title="Statue of J. Marion Sims">J. Marion Sims</a></i> (moved 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gates" title="The Gates">The Gates</a></i> (temporary, 2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(Hebald)" title="The Tempest (Hebald)">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untermyer_Fountain" title="Untermyer Fountain">Untermyer Fountain</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Dancing_Maidens" title="Three Dancing Maidens">Three Dancing Maidens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_National_Monument" title="USS Maine National Monument">USS <i>Maine</i> National Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Daniel_Webster_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Daniel Webster (New York City)">Daniel Webster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_Pioneers_Monument" title="Women's Rights Pioneers Monument">Women's Rights Pioneers Monument</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Other_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other features</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Central_Park)" title="Arsenal (Central Park)">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballplayers_House" title="Ballplayers House">Ballplayers House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Castle" title="Belvedere Castle">Belvedere Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Terrace_and_Fountain" title="Bethesda Terrace and Fountain">Bethesda Terrace and Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouse_No._1" title="Blockhouse No. 1">Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arches_and_bridges_in_Central_Park" title="List of arches and bridges in Central Park">Bridges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Bridge_(Central_Park)" title="Bow Bridge (Central Park)">Bow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Carousel" title="Central Park Carousel">Carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Casino" title="Central Park Casino">Central Park Casino</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill_Fountain" title="Cherry Hill Fountain">Cherry Hill Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dairy" title="The Dairy">The Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Theater" title="Delacorte Theater">Delacorte Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross_Playground" title="Diana Ross Playground">Diana Ross Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Clinton_(Central_Park)" title="Fort Clinton (Central Park)">Fort Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckscher_Playground" title="Heckscher Playground">Heckscher Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasker_Rink" title="Lasker Rink">Lasker Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Mall" title="Central Park Mall">Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Cottage_Marionette_Theatre" title="Swedish Cottage Marionette Theatre">Marionette Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGown%27s_Pass_Tavern" class="mw-redirect" title="McGown's Pass Tavern">McGown's Pass Tavern</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt_Memorial" title="Richard Morris Hunt Memorial">Richard Morris Hunt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsey_Playfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumsey Playfield">Rumsey Playfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarr_Family_Playground" title="Tarr Family Playground">Tarr Family Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern_on_the_Green" title="Tavern on the Green">Tavern on the Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Gardens" title="Victorian Gardens">Victorian Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollman_Rink" title="Wollman Rink">Wollman Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo" title="Central Park Zoo">Zoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Street_lines" title="63rd Street lines">Zoo York Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_York_(Central_Park)" title="Zoo York (Central Park)">Zoo York</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_be-ins" title="Central Park be-ins">Be-Ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_in_Central_Park" title="The Concert in Central Park">The Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Healthy_Kidney_10K" title="UAE Healthy Kidney 10K">UAE Healthy Kidney 10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mini_10K" title="New York Mini 10K">New York Mini 10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto:_One_Night_in_Central_Park" title="Concerto: One Night in Central Park">Concerto: One Night in Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">Shakespeare in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_SummerStage" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park SummerStage">SummerStage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Border roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/110th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="110th Street (Manhattan)">110th Street</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington Circle</a></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></span><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th Street</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Transverses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">97th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue–59th Street station">Fifth Avenue–59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">72nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">86th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">96th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">103rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_North%E2%80%93110th_Street_station" title="Central Park North–110th Street station">Central Park North–110th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Notable_figures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable figures</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barlow_Rogers" title="Elizabeth Barlow Rogers">Elizabeth Barlow Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Haswell_Green" title="Andrew Haswell Green">Andrew Haswell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Wrey_Mould" title="Jacob Wrey Mould">Jacob Wrey Mould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Anton_Pilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz Anton Pilat">Ignaz Anton Pilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_Saphir" title="Starr Saphir">Starr Saphir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Ludovicus_Viele" title="Egbert Ludovicus Viele">Egbert Ludovicus Viele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Waring_Jr." title="George E. Waring Jr.">George E. Waring Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Notable_animals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable animals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(owl)" title="Barry (owl)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_(owl)" title="Flaco (owl)">Flaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_(bear)" title="Gus (bear)">Gus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_mandarin_duck" title="Central Park mandarin duck">Mandarin Patinkin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pale Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattycake_(gorilla)" title="Pattycake (gorilla)">Pattycake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_birdwatching_incident" title="Central Park birdwatching incident">Birdwatching incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Conservancy" title="Central Park Conservancy">Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case" title="Central Park jogger case">Jogger case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Medical_Unit" title="Central Park Medical Unit">Medical Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_in_popular_culture" title="Central Park in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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