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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Pollinering" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Pollinering" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Pollinering" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Pollinering" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pollinering_av_grödor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollinering_av_grödor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pollinering av grödor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pollinering_av_grödor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Pollinering av grödor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pollinering_av_grödor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pollinering_av_äpplen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollinering_av_äpplen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pollinering av äpplen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollinering_av_äpplen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handpollinering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handpollinering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Handpollinering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handpollinering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pollinering</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 72 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestuiwing" title="Bestuiwing – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bestuiwing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="تأبير – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تأبير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Polinización – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polinización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Polinización – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Polinización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tozlanma" title="Tozlanma – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tozlanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="পরাগায়ন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরাগায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Һеркәләнеү – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һеркәләнеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Апыленне – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апыленне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Опрашване – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Опрашване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra%C5%A1ivanje" title="Oprašivanje – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oprašivanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C2%B7linitzaci%C3%B3" title="Pol·linització – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pol·linització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opylen%C3%AD" title="Opylení – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Opylení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%C3%B8vning" title="Bestøvning – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bestøvning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%C3%A4ubung" title="Bestäubung – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bestäubung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmlemine" title="Tolmlemine – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tolmlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Επικονίαση – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επικονίαση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pollination" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Polinización – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polinización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenado" title="Polenado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polenado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizazio" title="Polinizazio – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polinizazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="گرده‌افشانی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرده‌افشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinisation" title="Pollinisation – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pollinisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailni%C3%BA" title="Pailniú – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pailniú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Polinización – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polinización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BD%83%EA%B0%80%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%9B%EC%9D%B4" title="꽃가루받이 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꽃가루받이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Փոշոտում – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոշոտում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3" title="परागण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परागण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra%C5%A1ivanje" title="Oprašivanje – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oprašivanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyerbukan" title="Penyerbukan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyerbukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impollinazione" title="Impollinazione – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impollinazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%94" title="האבקה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האבקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A6%A0%EA%A6%AE%EA%A6%B8%EA%A6%82%EA%A6%A7%EA%A6%B8%EA%A6%A7%EA%A6%B8%EA%A6%8F%EA%A7%80" title="ꦠꦮꦸꦂꦧꦸꦧꦸꦏ꧀ – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="ꦠꦮꦸꦂꦧꦸꦧꦸꦏ꧀" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენტომოფილია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენტომოფილია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Тозаңдану – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тозаңдану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinizasyon" title="Polinizasyon – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polinizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83" title="Чаңдашуу – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чаңдашуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apputeksn%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Apputeksnēšana – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apputeksnēšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apdulkinimas" title="Apdulkinimas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apdulkinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megporz%C3%A1s" title="Megporzás – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Megporzás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പരാഗണം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരാഗണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="परागीकरण – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="परागीकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendebungaan" title="Pendebungaan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendebungaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestuiving" title="Bestuiving – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bestuiving" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%89" title="受粉 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="受粉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinering" title="Pollinering – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pollinering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinering" title="Pollinering – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pollinering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habareessuu(Pollination)" title="Habareessuu(Pollination) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Habareessuu(Pollination)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changlanish" title="Changlanish – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Changlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بی بنائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بی بنائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapylenie" title="Zapylenie – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapylenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Polinização – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polinização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenizare" title="Polenizare – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polenizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisachay" title="Sisachay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sisachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Опыление – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Опыление" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pollination" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra%C5%A1evanje" title="Opraševanje – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Opraševanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پەڕین – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەڕین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra%C5%A1ivanje" title="Oprašivanje – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oprašivanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opra%C5%A1ivanje" title="Oprašivanje – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oprašivanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6lytys" title="Pölytys – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pölytys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambubulo" title="Pambubulo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pambubulo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="மகரந்தச் சேர்க்கை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகரந்தச் சேர்க்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afarer" title="Afarer – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afarer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పరాగసంపర్కము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరాగసంపర్కము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Гардолудшавӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гардолудшавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tozla%C5%9Fma" title="Tozlaşma – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tozlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Запилення – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Запилення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زیرگی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیرگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A5_ph%E1%BA%A5n" title="Thụ phấn – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thụ phấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="传粉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B2%89" title="傳粉 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傳粉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="传粉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pollinering" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Pollinering&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pollinering"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pollinering"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Pollinering" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Pollinering" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&oldid=55119199" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Pollinering&id=55119199&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPollinering"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPollinering"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pollinering"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pollinering&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pollination" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134624" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg/250px-Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg/330px-Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg/500px-Bee_pollinating_a_rose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ett solitär<a href="/wiki/Bin" title="Bin">bi</a> som samlar <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> på en <a href="/wiki/Rossl%C3%A4ktet" title="Rossläktet">ros</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pollinering</b> är ett system för sexuell <a href="/wiki/Befruktning" title="Befruktning">befruktning</a> som används av en majoritet av <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xt" class="mw-redirect" title="Växt">växtarterna</a> som blommar och sätter frö, <a href="/wiki/Fanerogam" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanerogam">fanerogamer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pollinering innebär överföringen av <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollenkorn</a> från ståndarna på en blomma till pistillens <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rke_(pistill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Märke (pistill)">märke</a> på en annan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Systemet är en <a href="/wiki/Sexuell_fortplantning" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuell fortplantning">sexuell fortplantning</a> analogt med det hos djur. Det finns två huvudsakliga typer av pollinering; <a href="/wiki/Korspollinering" title="Korspollinering">korspollinering</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A4lvpollinering" title="Självpollinering">självpollinering</a>. Pollineringen kan ske antingen <a href="/wiki/Abiotiska_faktorer" title="Abiotiska faktorer">abiotiskt</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Biotiska_faktorer" title="Biotiska faktorer">biotiskt</a>. Den abiotiska pollineringen sker med hjälp av icke levande <a href="/wiki/Vektor_(genteknik)" title="Vektor (genteknik)">vektorer</a> som vind eller vatten. Den biotiska pollineringen sker med hjälp av organismer, så kallade <a href="/wiki/Pollinat%C3%B6r" title="Pollinatör">pollinatörer</a>, främst <a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">djur</a>. Det finns olika djurgrupper som kan pollinera växter, de allra flesta är insekter, däribland bin, humlor, steklar, fjärilar och skalbaggar<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men även fladdermöss, fåglar och ödlor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När en pollinatör söker föda på blommor (i form av pollen och/eller nektar) överför pollinatören ibland <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a> från växtens hanorgan, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ndarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ståndarna">ståndarna</a>, till honorganen, <a href="/wiki/Pistill" title="Pistill">pistillen</a> (via en s.k. pollenslang). De små pollenkornen hos växterna motsvarar djurens sädesceller. </p><p>Anledningen till att pollinatörer söker föda på blommor är att de flesta växter som pollineras av pollinatörer har utvecklat olika typer av belöningar till besökarna. De två vanligaste belöningarna är <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</a>, men i vissa fall förekommer oljor och fettrika utväxter. Många av dessa växter har också utvecklat stora och färgrika strukturer, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Kronblad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronblad">kronblad</a>, och dofter för att visa att här finns det en belöning att hämta. Ibland har kronbladen också mönster som vägleder djuret till de delar där belöningen och befruktningsmekanismen finns. Dessa mönster kan oftast bara uppfattas om man ser dem i ultraviolett ljus och är i vanligt ljus osynliga för oss människor. Men genom <a href="/wiki/Bin" title="Bin">bins</a> och andra insekters ögon syns detta som en <a href="/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum">färg</a> som avviker från bakgrundens färg. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/218px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/327px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg/436px-Episyrphus_balteatus_-_head_close-up_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/Blomflugor" title="Blomflugor">blomfluga</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG/250px-Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG/375px-Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG/500px-Bombus_lucorum_pollinating_tussilago_farfara.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humla" class="mw-redirect" title="Humla">Humla</a> full med pollen som den sprider mellan blommor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Det finns växter som inte ger någon belöning till pollinatören utan lurar den att besöka blomman. En säregen variant förekommer hos <a href="/wiki/Flugblomster" title="Flugblomster">flugblomster</a> vars blomma liknar, och till och med doftar som, honor av vissa <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A4vstekel" class="mw-redirect" title="Grävstekel">grävstekelarter</a>, och därigenom lockar stekelhanar att försöka para sig med blomman. När stekelhanen efter ett tag upptäcker att det inte går att para sig med blomman flyger den vidare och kanske prövar med en ny falsk stekelhona på ett annat flugblomster. Under parningsförsöket fastnar flugblomstrets <a href="/wiki/Pollinier" title="Pollinier">pollinier</a> på stekeln, denna pollensamling förs med lite tur vidare till en blomma på ett annat flugblomster. Det finns flera olika orkidéarter som använder sig av denna metod för att lura till sig hanar av insekter som tror blomman är en hona. Det finns orkidéer som använder sig av både grävsteklar, växtsteklar och vildbin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollinering_av_grödor"><span id="Pollinering_av_gr.C3.B6dor"></span>Pollinering av grödor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pollinering av grödor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pollinering av grödor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De flesta <a href="/wiki/Blomv%C3%A4xter" title="Blomväxter">blomväxter</a> är mer eller mindre beroende av pollinering.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta gäller också flera av de grödor vi människor använder oss av. Det har uppskattats att ca 30 % av det vi äter är tack vare pollinerande insekter och andra djur.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bin pollinerar globalt omkring 400 nyttogrödor. Dessutom blir jordbruket alltmer beroende av insekternas pollinering eftersom proportionen grödor som behöver just en sådan pollinering har ökat under senare år.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Även om det mesta vi äter är vindpollinerade gräs som vete, majs och ris så kommer största delen av vitaminerna från grödor som är beroende av insektspollinering.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollinering_av_äpplen"><span id="Pollinering_av_.C3.A4pplen"></span>Pollinering av äpplen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pollinering av äpplen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pollinering av äpplen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Äpple är en av de grödor som till stor del är beroende av insektspollinering för att sätta frukt. För att äpplen ska kunna sätta frukt bör äpplena ha helt olika s-gener (sterilitetsgener).<sup id="cite_ref-blog_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Om äpplena har gemensamma s-gener blir fruktsamheten sämre.<sup id="cite_ref-blog_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Om äpplena har identiska s-gener går det inte alls att pollinera.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ett nyplanterat äppelträd blommar sin första gång inom 1 till 7 år,<sup id="cite_ref-bok_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bok-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> det beroende av vilken äppelsort det är, och vilken grundstam som använts.<sup id="cite_ref-bok_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bok-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bland de äpplen som kan nämnas som bästa pollenlämnare, kan bland andra följande nämnas:<sup id="cite_ref-bok_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bok-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonovka" title="Antonovka">Antonovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparente_blanche" title="Transparente blanche">Transparente blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4fstaholm_(%C3%A4pple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Säfstaholm (äpple)">Säfstaholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suislepper" title="Suislepper">Suislepper</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handpollinering">Handpollinering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Handpollinering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Handpollinering"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Till följd av överanvändning av bekämpningsmedel har bin och humlor utrotats till den grad att bönder i vissa delar av Kina börjat handpollinera sina odlingar. Mellan 80 och 90 procent av alla sålda äpplen och päron i Kina uppges vara resultatet av handpollinering.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Ollerton, J., Winfree, R., & Tarrant, S. (2011). How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?. <i>Oikos</i>, <i>120</i>(3), 321-326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Faegri, K., & Van der Pijl, L. (1979). The principles of pollination ecology. Per-gamon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nackalistan.se/2023/06/16/pollinering">https://nackalistan.se/2023/06/16/pollinering</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Buchmann, S. L., & Nabhan, G. P. (1997). <i>The forgotten pollinators</i>. Island Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Klein, A. M., Vaissiere, B. E., Cane, J. H., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Cunningham, S. A., Kremen, C., & Tscharntke, T. (2007). Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, <i>274</i>(1608), 303-313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Stephen S. Peterson and Derek R. Artz: ’’Production of Solitary Bees for Pollination in the United States’’, läst 2015-01-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Eilers, E. J., Kremen, C., Greenleaf, S. S., Garber, A. K., & Klein, A. M. (2011). Contribution of pollinator-mediated crops to nutrients in the human food supply. <i>PloS one</i>, <i>6</i>(6), e21363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blog-8">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-blog_8-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blog_8-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Artikel i tidningen Pomologen nr 4-2007. Sidan 23</i>. Läst 31 maj 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltj.slu.se/balsgard/pro_app.html">Fakulteten för Landskapsplanering, Trädgårds- och Jordbruksvetenskap</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929091751/http://www.ltj.slu.se/balsgard/pro_app.html">Arkiverad</a> 29 september 2008 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. Läst 31 maj 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bok-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-bok_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bok_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bok_10-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Leif Blomqvist - <i>Äppel i Norr</i>. Sidan 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/1881250">”Bina är borta - nu gör människorna jobbet - Vetenskapsradion Nyheter”</a>. <i><span>sverigesradio.se</span></i>. Sveriges Radio<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/1881250">https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/1881250</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 mars 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Bina+%C3%A4r+borta+-+nu+g%C3%B6r+m%C3%A4nniskorna+jobbet+-+Vetenskapsradion+Nyheter&rft.atitle=sverigesradio.se&rft.pub=Sveriges+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fartikel%2F1881250&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pollinering"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollination" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pollination">Pollinering</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollination" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pollination">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nordflor/408.html">Flugblomster</a> i <a href="/wiki/Carl_Lindman" title="Carl Lindman">Carl Lindman</a>, <i>Bilder ur Nordens flora</i> (andra upplagan, Wahlström och Widstrand, Stockholm 1917–1926)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&oldid=55119199">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pollinering&oldid=55119199</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:V%C3%A4xtfysiologi" title="Kategori:Växtfysiologi">Växtfysiologi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 1 juli 2024 kl. 04.06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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