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Leem</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mi Joung Leem"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mi Joung Leem"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mi Joung Leem"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mi Joung Leem</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Performance Evaluation of the CareSTART S1 Analyzer for Quantitative Point-Of-Care Measurement of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyoung%20Jung">Haiyoung Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Joung%20Leem"> Mi Joung Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Hwa%20Lee"> Sun Hwa Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background & Objective: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount of G6PD, leading to increased susceptibility of red blood cells to reactive oxygen species and hemolysis. The present study aimed to evaluate the careSTARTTM S1 analyzer for measuring G6PD activity to hemoglobin (Hb) ratio. Methods: Precision for G6PD activity and hemoglobin measurement was evaluated using control materials with two levels on five repeated runs per day for five days. The analytic performance of the careSTARTTM S1 analyzer was compared with spectrophotometry in 40 patient samples. Reference ranges suggested by the manufacturer were validated in 20 healthy males and females each. Results: The careSTARTTM S1 analyzer demonstrated precision of 6.0% for low-level (14~45 U/dL) and 2.7% for high-level (60~90 U/dL) control in G6PD activity, and 1.4% in hemoglobin (7.9~16.3 u/g Hb). A comparison study of G6PD to Hb ratio between the careSTARTTM S1 analyzer and spectrophotometry showed an average difference of 29.1% with a positive bias of the careSTARTTM S1 analyzer. All normal samples from the healthy population were validated for the suggested reference range for males (≥2.19 U/g Hb) and females (≥5.83 U/g Hb). Conclusion: The careSTARTTM S1 analyzer demonstrated good analytical performance and can replace the current spectrophotometric measurement of G6PD enzyme activity. In the aspect of the management of clinical laboratories, it can be a reasonable option as a point-of-care analyzer with minimal handling of samples and reagents, in addition to the automatic calculation of the ratio of measured G6PD activity and Hb concentration, to minimize any clerical errors involved with manual calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POCT" title="POCT">POCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G6PD" title=" G6PD"> G6PD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=careSTART" title=" careSTART"> careSTART</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169029/performance-evaluation-of-the-carestart-s1-analyzer-for-quantitative-point-of-care-measurement-of-glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Online Measurement of Fuel Stack Elongation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Ahn">Sung Ho Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jintae%20Hong"> Jintae Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Young%20Joung"> Chang Young Joung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Ho%20Yang"> Tae Ho Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Heo"> Sung Ho Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seo%20Yun%20Jang"> Seo Yun Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performances of nuclear fuels and materials are qualified at an irradiation system in research reactors operating under the commercial nuclear power plant conditions. Fuel centerline temperature, coolant temperature, neutron flux, deformations of fuel stack and swelling are important parameters needed to analyze the nuclear fuel performances. The dimensional stability of nuclear fuels is a key parameter measuring the fuel densification and swelling. In this study, the fuel stack elongation is measured using a LVDT. A mockup LVDT instrumented fuel rod is developed. The performances of mockup LVDT instrumented fuel rod is evaluated by experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20deformation" title="axial deformation">axial deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elongation%20measurement" title=" elongation measurement"> elongation measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-pile%20instrumentation" title=" in-pile instrumentation"> in-pile instrumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LVDT" title=" LVDT"> LVDT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46795/online-measurement-of-fuel-stack-elongation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Classifying the Role of Technology in Technology Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Joung%20No">Hyun Joung No</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Lee"> Chul Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though technology evolves and develops through interaction with each other, not all technologies contribute to the development of technology equally. While some technologies play a central role in developing technology, others play a secondary role. The role of the technological components can be classified as core or non-core (peripheral) technology. The core technologies have a considerable knowledge interaction with other technological components while the non-core technologies barely interact with others within the system. This study introduces the concept that classifies the technological components into core or peripheral technology according to their role and importance in the technology field. The study adapted the social network analysis to examine the relationship between technological components. Using a continuous core-periphery analysis, it identifies the technological network structure and classifies the core and peripheral nodes. Based on their knowledge inflow/outflow direction and their dependence/influence on core technologies, the technological clusters are classified into four categories: (1) high dependence and high influence on core technology, (2) high dependence and low influence on core technology, (3) low dependence and high influence on core technology, and (4) low dependence and low influence on core technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20technology" title="core technology">core technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periphery%20technology" title=" periphery technology"> periphery technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20components" title=" technological components"> technological components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20role" title=" technological role"> technological role</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79729/classifying-the-role-of-technology-in-technology-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> How to Teach Italian Intransitive Verbs: Focusing on Unaccusatives and Unergatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joung%20Hyoun%20Lee">Joung Hyoun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intransitive verbs consist of two subclasses called unergatives and unaccusatives. However, traditionally Italian intransitive verbs have been taught regardless their semantic distinctions and any mention of grammatical terms such as unaccusatives and unergatives even though there is a huge gap between them. This paper aims to explore the teaching of Italian intransitive verbs categorizing them into unaccusatives and unergatives, which is compared with researches on the teaching of English unaccusative and unergative verbs. For this purpose, first, the study analyses various aspects of English vs. Italian unergatives and unaccusatives, and their properties of the constructions. Next, this study highlights the research trend on Korean students' learning errors, which is leaning toward causal analyses of the over passivization of English unaccusative verbs. In order to investigate these issues, 53 students of the Busan University of Foreign Studies, who are studying Italian language as a second language, were surveyed through a grammaticality judgment test divided into 9 sections. As expected, the findings confirmed that the test results of Italian unaccusatives and unergatives showed similar and different aspects comparing to those of English. Moreover, there was a highly affirmative demand for a more careful way of teaching which should be considered both syntactically and semantically according to the grammatical items. The research provides a framework of a more effective and systematic teaching method of Italian intransitive verbs for further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unaccusative%20verbs" title="unaccusative verbs">unaccusative verbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unergative%20verbs" title=" unergative verbs"> unergative verbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent" title=" agent"> agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient" title=" patient"> patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theme" title=" theme"> theme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overpassivization" title=" overpassivization"> overpassivization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50864/how-to-teach-italian-intransitive-verbs-focusing-on-unaccusatives-and-unergatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Epigenomic Analysis of Lgr5+ Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Tract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Min%20Kim">Hyo-Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokjin%20Ham"> Seokjin Ham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Joung%20Yoo"> Mi-Joung Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minseon%20Kim"> Minseon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Young%20Roh"> Tae-Young Roh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of most animals, including murine, is highly compartmentalized epithelia which also provide distinct different functions of its own tissue. Nevertheless, these epithelia share certain characteristics that enhance immune responses to infections and maintain the barrier function of the intestine. GI tract epithelia also undergo regeneration not only in homeostatic conditions but also in a response to the damage. A full turnover of the murine gastrointestinal epithelium occurs every 4-5 day, a process that is regulated and maintained by a minor population of Lgr5+ adult stem cell that commonly conserved in the bottom of crypts through GI tract. Maintenance of the stem cell is somehow regulated by epigenetic factors according to recent studies. Chromatin vacancy, remodelers, histone variants and histone modifiers could affect adult stem cell fate. In this study, Lgr5-EGFP reporter mouse was used to take advantage of exploring the epigenetic dynamics among Lgr5 positive mutual stem cell in GI tract. Cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), gene expression levels, chromatin accessibility changes and histone modifications were analyzed. Some notable chromatin structural related epigenetic variants were detected. To identify the overall cell-cell interaction inside the stem cell niche, an extensive genome-wide analysis should be also followed. According to the results, nevertheless, we expected a broader understanding of cellular niche maintaining stem cells and epigenetic barriers through conserved stem cell in GI tract. We expect that our study could provide more evidence of adult stem cell plasticity and more chances to understand each stem cell that takes parts in certain organs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20stem%20cell" title="adult stem cell">adult stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenetics" title=" epigenetics"> epigenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGR5%20stem%20cell" title=" LGR5 stem cell"> LGR5 stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20tract" title=" gastrointestinal tract"> gastrointestinal tract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84885/epigenomic-analysis-of-lgr5-stem-cells-in-gastrointestinal-tract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Social Network Based Decision Support System for Smart U-Parking Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Ho%20Park">Jun-Ho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Woo%20Nam"> Kwang-Woo Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Mo%20Hong"> Seung-Mo Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Heon%20Moon"> Tae-Heon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Ho%20Lee"> Sang-Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Taik%20Leem"> Youn-Taik Leem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to build ‘Ubi-Net’, a decision-making support system for systematic establishment in U-City planning. We have experienced various urban problems caused by high-density development and population concentrations in established urban areas. To address these problems, a U-Service contributes to the alleviation of urban problems by providing real-time information to citizens through network connections and related information. However, technology, devices, and information for consumers are required for systematic U-Service planning in towns and cities where there are many difficulties in this regard, and a lack of reference systems. Thus, this study suggests methods to support the establishment of sustainable planning by providing comprehensive information including IT technology, devices, news, and social networking services(SNS) to U-City planners through intelligent searches. In this study, we targeted Smart U-Parking Planning to solve parking problems in an ‘old’ city. Through this study, we sought to contribute to supporting advances in U-Space and the alleviation of urban problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desigin%20and%20decision%20support%20system" title="desigin and decision support system">desigin and decision support system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20u-parking%20planning" title=" smart u-parking planning"> smart u-parking planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20engineering" title=" urban engineering"> urban engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21719/social-network-based-decision-support-system-for-smart-u-parking-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Immunomodulatory Effect of Deer Antler Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem">Kang-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim"> Hye Kyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Velvet antler (VA), the immature antlers of male deer, is traditionally used for thousands of years in Asian countries, such as Korea, China, Taiwan, and Mongolia. It has been considered to improve immune system and physical strength. The goal of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of deer antler velvet using in vitro system. In the first step, the effects of VA (70% ethanol extract) on the proliferation of splenocytes, bone marrow cell, and macrophages were determined. Next, the effect of VA on the production of nitric oxide and phagocytic activity in macrophage were measured. The results showed that VA treatment increased concanavalin-A stimulated splenocyte, bone marrow cells, and macrophage proliferation in a dose dependent manner. VA at 50 and 100 ug/mL concentrations significantly enhanced the concanavalin-A stimulated splenocyte proliferation by 8.8% and 18.5%, respectively. The proliferation of bone marrow cells, isolated from 5wk-old ICR mice, were increased by 25.2% and 46.5% by 50 and 100 ug/mL VA treatment. RAW 264.7 cell proliferation reached peak value at 50 ug/mL of VA treatment exhibiting 108% of the basal value. Nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was slightly reduced by VA treatment but was not statistically significant. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of macrophages was enhanced by VA treatment. These results indicate that VA is effective in immune system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deer%20antler" title="deer antler">deer antler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splenocyte" title=" splenocyte"> splenocyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20marrow%20cells" title=" bone marrow cells"> bone marrow cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophage%20proliferation" title=" macrophage proliferation"> macrophage proliferation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phagocytosis" title=" phagocytosis"> phagocytosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51025/immunomodulatory-effect-of-deer-antler-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Information and Communication Technologies-Based Urban Spaces: From Planning and Design to Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yountaik%20Leem">Yountaik Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Woo%20Nam"> Kwang Woo Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Ho%20Lee"> Sang Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Heon%20Moon"> Tae Heon Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As to the development of the capitalist economy, local governments put their focuses on economic growth and quality of life including the management of declined urban area. Together with the rapid advances in ICTs (information and communication technologies) Korean government tried to adapt ICTs to urban spaces to catch these two goals. Ubiquitous city, concept introduced by Mark Weiser in 1988, is a kind of ICTs based urban space which can provide IT services anytime and anywhere. This paper introduces the experience of developing ICTs-based urban planning and it’s implementation process and discusses the effect of the R&D based U-City test-bed project. For a community center of a residential zone in a newly developing city, spatial problems and citizen’s needs were identified to plan IT-based urban services. The paper also describes the structure and functions of Community O/S (COS) as an IT platform which controls data and urban devices such as media facades and U-poles. Not only one-way information but also Interactive services were included. Public creating activities using this platform also added –CO2 emission management and citizen making safety map, etc. The effects of the comprehensive U-City planning in S/W, H/W and human-ware were discussed on the case study of similar individual projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICTs-based%20urban%20planning" title="ICTs-based urban planning">ICTs-based urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20IT%20service" title=" public IT service"> public IT service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-City" title=" U-City"> U-City</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49330/information-and-communication-technologies-based-urban-spaces-from-planning-and-design-to-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Depressant Effects of 2-PMPA through Reduction of p-CREB (Ser133) and mGluR5 Level in Prefrontal Cortex of C57BL/6 Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Sun%20Yoon">Sang-Sun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yea-Hyun%20Leem"> Yea-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangmee%20Ahn%20Jo"> Sangmee Ahn Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic (NAAG) peptidase inhibitor 2-phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) has demonstrated to be neuroprotective against glutamate-mediated neuron degeneration and neurological disorders such as ischemia. Several studies have demonstrated impaired psychiatric function by altered glutamate carboxypeptidase II expression, although 2-PMPA has not yet been studied. Thus, we investigated effect of 2-PMPA on depressive-like phenotype using C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of 2-PMPA (10 mg/kg for 6 days/daily, ip injection) on C57BL/6 naïve mice showed depressive-like symptoms such as decreased social preference, but did not affect the immobility measured by tail suspension test. Reduction of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding (p-CREB) known as a representative marker of depressive-like behavior was observed in layer 1 and piriform cortex subregions of the prefrontal cortex of 2-PMPA-treated mice. The immunoreactivity of metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5) that mediate phosphorylation of CREB was also decreased in layer 1 and piriform cortex subregions of the prefrontal cortex of 2-PMPA injected mice. Thus, our results suggest that dysregulation of the GCPII or NAAG by 2-PMPA treatment is likely to be associated with pathogenesis of depression and further studies are needed to understand whether the reduced NAAG level or enhanced glutamate level in the brain is involved in this response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCPII" title=" GCPII"> GCPII</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-PMPA" title=" 2-PMPA"> 2-PMPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-CREB" title=" p-CREB"> p-CREB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mGluR5" title=" mGluR5"> mGluR5</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39642/depressant-effects-of-2-pmpa-through-reduction-of-p-creb-ser133-and-mglur5-level-in-prefrontal-cortex-of-c57bl6-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Bone Strengthening Effects of Deer Antler Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim">Hye Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem"> Kang-Hyun Leem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been reported that deer antler extract has bone-strengthening activity and effectively used in bone diseases therapy. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanism of this effect. The upper section, mid section, and base of the antler has been known to exhibit different biological properties. Present study investigated the effects of these three parts of deer antler extracts on bone formation and resorption. The effects of deer antler extracts (DH) on bone formation were determined by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. The effect on bone resorption was determined by osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow-derived precursor cells driven by RANKL. Ethanol extracts of DH (50 ~ 100 µg/ml) dose-dependently increased cell proliferation, and upper part increased the cell proliferation by 118.4% while mid and base parts increased proliferation by 107.8% and 102.3%, respectively. ALP activity was significantly increased by upper part of the DH treatment. After enhancement of ALP activity, significant augmentation of collagen synthesis and calcification assessed by Sirus red and Alzarin red staining, respectively, was observed in upper part of the DH treatment. The effect of DH on bone resorption was not observed in all three parts of the DH. These results could provide a mechanistic explanation for the bone-strengthening effects of DH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20phosphatase" title="alkaline phosphatase">alkaline phosphatase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen%20synthesis" title=" collagen synthesis"> collagen synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deer%20antler" title=" deer antler"> deer antler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoblastic%20MG-63%20cells" title=" osteoblastic MG-63 cells"> osteoblastic MG-63 cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24280/bone-strengthening-effects-of-deer-antler-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Different Goals and Strategies of Smart Cities: Comparative Study between European and Asian Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yountaik%20Leem">Yountaik Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Ho%20Lee"> Sang Ho Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, different goals and the ways to reach smart cities shown in many countries during planning and implementation processes will be discussed. Each country dealt with technologies which have been embedded into space as development of ICTs (information and communication technologies) for their own purposes and by their own ways. For example, European countries tried to adapt technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emission to overcome global warming while US-based global companies focused on the way of life using ICTs such as EasyLiving of Microsoft™ and CoolTown of Hewlett-Packard™ during last decade of 20th century. In the North-East Asian countries, urban space with ICTs were developed in large scale on the viewpoint of capitalism. Ubiquitous city, first introduced in Korea which named after Marc Weiser’s concept of ubiquitous computing pursued new urban development with advanced technologies and high-tech infrastructure including wired and wireless network. Japan has developed smart cities as comprehensive and technology intensive cities which will lead other industries of the nation in the future. Not only the goals and strategies but also new directions to which smart cities are oriented also suggested at the end of the paper. Like a Finnish smart community whose slogan is ‘one more hour a day for citizens,’ recent trend is forwarding everyday lives and cultures of human beings, not capital gains nor physical urban spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20cities" title="smart cities">smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20strategy" title=" urban strategy"> urban strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20direction" title=" future direction"> future direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90905/different-goals-and-strategies-of-smart-cities-comparative-study-between-european-and-asian-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Anti-Osteoporotic Effect of Deer Antler in Ovariectomized Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim">Hye Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem"> Kang-Hyun Leem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deer velvet antler is well known for its traditional medicinal value and is widely used in the clinic. It has been considered to possess bone-strengthening activity. The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of deer antler velvet on ovariectomized rats (OVX), and their possible mechanism of the action. In the first step, the in vitro effects of DAE on bone loss were determined. The proliferation, collagen content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human osteoblastic MG-63 cells and osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow-derived precursor cells were measured. The in vivo experiment confirmed the positive effect of DAE on bone tissue. 3-month old female Sparague-Dawley rats were either sham operated or OVX, and administered DAE (20 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. DAE increased MG-63 cell proliferation and ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Collagen content was also increased by DAE treatment. However, the effect of DAE on bone resorption was not observed. OVX rats supplemented with DAE showed osteoprotective effects as the bone ALP level was increased and c-terminal telopeptide level was decreased by 100 mg/kg DAE treatment compared with OVX controls. Moreover, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b level was also decreased by DAE treatment. The present study suggests that DAE is effective in preventing bone loss in OVX rats, and may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20ALP" title="bone ALP">bone ALP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=c-terminal%20telopeptide" title=" c-terminal telopeptide"> c-terminal telopeptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deer%20antler" title=" deer antler"> deer antler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovariectomy" title=" ovariectomy"> ovariectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tartrate-resistant%20acid%20phosphatase-5b" title=" tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b"> tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48669/anti-osteoporotic-effect-of-deer-antler-in-ovariectomized-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten on Glucose Uptake and Insulin Sensitivity in Pancreatic β Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem">Kang-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim"> Hye Kyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) has a global distribution and have been used for medicinal benefits such as artherosclerosis, diabetes, gastritis, and hyperglycemia. However, very little information is currently available for their mechanism. The prikly pear variety Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten (OFS) is widely cultivated in Cheju Island, southwestern region of Korea, and used as a functional food. Present study investigated the effects of OFS on pancreatic β-cell function using pancreatic islet β cells (HIT cell). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β cell proliferation were determined. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of OFS stem on α-glucosidase enzyme was measured in a cell free system. Glucose uptake was determined using fluorescent glucose analogue, 2-NBDG. Insulin secretion was measured by ELISA assay. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Ethanol extracts of OFS dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity as well as glucose uptake. Insulinotrophic effect of OFS extract was observed at high glucose media in pancreatic β-islet cells. Furthermore, pancreatic β cell regeneration was also observed.These results suggest that OFS mediates the antidiabetic activity mainly via α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake, and improved insulin sensitivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prickly%20pear%20cactus" title="prickly pear cactus">prickly pear cactus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opuntia%20ficus-indica%20var.%20Saboten" title=" Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten"> Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic%20islet%20HIT%20cells" title=" pancreatic islet HIT cells"> pancreatic islet HIT cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-glucosidase" title=" α-glucosidase"> α-glucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose%20uptake" title=" glucose uptake"> glucose uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulinotrophic" title=" insulinotrophic"> insulinotrophic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32210/effects-of-opuntia-ficus-indica-var-saboten-on-glucose-uptake-and-insulin-sensitivity-in-pancreatic-v-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effects of Egg Yolk Peptide on the Retardation of Bone Growth Induced by Low-Calcium Diets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem">Kang-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim"> Hye Kyung Kim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eggs have long been an important contributor to the nutritional quality of the human, and recognized as a very valuable source of proteins for human nutrition. Egg yolk is composed of various important chemical substances for human health. Growth means not only the increase of body weight but also the elongation of height and the enlargement of each organ's anatomical and morphological size. A calcium shortage causes the growth retardation on the body growth. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of egg yolk peptide (EYP) on the retardation of the longitudinal bone growth induced by low-calcium diet (0.05%) in adolescent rats. Low calcium diets were administrated for 15 days. During the last five days, calcium and/or vitamin D and/or EYP were administrated. The body weights, longitudinal bone growth rates, the heights of growth plates, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 expressions were measured using histochemical analysis. Low calcium diets caused the significant reduction in body weight gains and the longitudinal bone growth. The heights of growth plates and the expressions of BMP-2 and IGF-1 showed the impairment of body growth as well. Calcium and/or vitamin D administration could not significantly increase the longitudinal bone growth. However, calcium, vitamin D, and EYP administration significantly increased the bone growth, the growth plate height, and BMP-2 and IGF-1 expressions. These results suggest that EYP enhances the longitudinal bone growth in the calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency and it could be a promising agent for the treatment of children suffering from malnutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20yolk%20peptide" title="egg yolk peptide">egg yolk peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-calcium%20diet" title=" low-calcium diet"> low-calcium diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20bone%20growth" title=" longitudinal bone growth"> longitudinal bone growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphogenetic%20protein-2" title=" morphogenetic protein-2"> morphogenetic protein-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin-like%20growth%20factor-1" title=" insulin-like growth factor-1"> insulin-like growth factor-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11287/effects-of-egg-yolk-peptide-on-the-retardation-of-bone-growth-induced-by-low-calcium-diets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Korean Smart Cities: Strategic Foci, Characteristics and Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Ho%20Lee">Sang Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yountaik%20Leem"> Yountaik Leem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews Korean cases of smart cities through the analysis framework of strategic foci, characteristics and effects. Firstly, national strategies including c(cyber), e(electronic), u(ubiquitous) and s(smart) Korea strategies were considered from strategic angles. Secondly, the characteristics of smart cities in Korea were looked through the smart cities examples such as Seoul, Busan, Songdo and Sejong cities etc. from the views on the by STIM (Service, Technology, Infrastructure and Management) analysis. Finally, the effects of smart cities on socio-economies were investigated from industrial perspective using the input-output model and structural path analysis. Korean smart city strategies revealed that there were different kinds of strategic foci. c-Korea strategy focused on information and communications network building and user IT literacy. e-Korea strategy encouraged e-government and e-business through utilizing high-speed information and communications network. u-Korea strategy made ubiquitous service as well as integrated information and communication operations center. s-Korea strategy is propelling 4th industrial platform. Smart cities in Korea showed their own features and trends such as eco-intelligence, high efficiency and low cost oriented IoT, citizen sensored city, big data city. Smart city progress made new production chains fostering ICTs (Information Communication Technologies) and knowledge intermediate inputs to industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korean%20smart%20cities" title="Korean smart cities">Korean smart cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korean%20smart%20city%20strategies" title=" Korean smart city strategies"> Korean smart city strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STIM" title=" STIM"> STIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20service" title=" smart service"> smart service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologies" title=" technologies"> technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20smart%20city" title=" effect of smart city"> effect of smart city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80461/korean-smart-cities-strategic-foci-characteristics-and-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> An Analysis on the Appropriateness and Effectiveness of CCTV Location for Crime Prevention </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Heon%20Moon">Tae-Heon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Young%20Heo"> Sun-Young Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Ho%20Lee"> Sang-Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Taik%20Leem"> Youn-Taik Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Woo%20Nam"> Kwang-Woo Nam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the possibility of crime prevention through CCTV by analyzing the appropriateness of the CCTV location, whether it is installed in the hotspot of crime-prone areas, and exploring the crime prevention effect and transition effect. The real crime and CCTV locations of case city were converted into the spatial data by using GIS. The data was analyzed by hotspot analysis and weighted displacement quotient(WDQ). As study methods, it analyzed existing relevant studies for identifying the trends of CCTV and crime studies based on big data from 1800 to 2014 and understanding the relation between CCTV and crime. Second, it investigated the current situation of nationwide CCTVs and analyzed the guidelines of CCTV installation and operation to draw attention to the problems and indicating points of domestic CCTV use. Third, it investigated the crime occurrence in case areas and the current situation of CCTV installation in the spatial aspects, and analyzed the appropriateness and effectiveness of CCTV installation to suggest a rational installation of CCTV and the strategic direction of crime prevention. The results demonstrate that there was no significant effect in the installation of CCTV on crime prevention. This indicates that CCTV should be installed and managed in a more scientific way reflecting local crime situations. In terms of CCTV, the methods of spatial analysis such as GIS, which can evaluate the installation effect, and the methods of economic analysis like cost-benefit analysis should be developed. In addition, these methods should be distributed to local governments across the nation for the appropriate installation of CCTV and operation. This study intended to find a design guideline of the optimum CCTV installation. In this regard, this study is meaningful in that it will contribute to the creation of a safe city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCTV" title="CCTV">CCTV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20city" title=" safe city"> safe city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21746/an-analysis-on-the-appropriateness-and-effectiveness-of-cctv-location-for-crime-prevention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> An Empirical Investigation on the Dynamics of Knowledge and IT Industries in Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Ho%20Lee">Sang Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Heon%20Moon"> Tae Heon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn%20Taik%20Leem"> Youn Taik Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Woo%20Nam"> Kwang Woo Nam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge and IT inputs to other industrial production have become more important as a key factor for the competitiveness of national and regional economies, such as knowledge economies in smart cities. Knowledge and IT industries lead the industrial innovation and technical (r)evolution through low cost, high efficiency in production, and by creating a new value chain and new production path chains, which is referred as knowledge and IT dynamics. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and IT dynamics in Korea, which are analyzed through the input-output model and structural path analysis. Twenty-eight industries were reclassified into seven categories; Agriculture and Mining, IT manufacture, Non-IT manufacture, Construction, IT-service, Knowledge service, Non-knowledge service to take close look at the knowledge and IT dynamics. Knowledge and IT dynamics were analyzed through the change of input output coefficient and multiplier indices in terms of technical innovation, as well as the changes of the structural paths of the knowledge and IT to other industries in terms of new production value creation from 1985 and 2010. The structural paths of knowledge and IT explain not only that IT foster the generation, circulation and use of knowledge through IT industries and IT-based service, but also that knowledge encourages IT use through creating, sharing and managing knowledge. As a result, this paper found the empirical investigation on the knowledge and IT dynamics of the Korean economy. Knowledge and IT has played an important role regarding the inter-industrial transactional input for production, as well as new industrial creation. The birth of the input-output production path has mostly originated from the knowledge and IT industries, while the death of the input-output production path took place in the traditional industries from 1985 and 2010. The Korean economy has been in transition to a knowledge economy in the Smart City. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20and%20IT%20industries" title="knowledge and IT industries">knowledge and IT industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input-output%20model" title=" input-output model"> input-output model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20path%20analysis" title=" structural path analysis"> structural path analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics%20of%20knowledge%20and%20it" title=" dynamics of knowledge and it"> dynamics of knowledge and it</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20economy" title=" knowledge economy"> knowledge economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20city%20and%20smart%20city" title=" knowledge city and smart city"> knowledge city and smart city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49332/an-empirical-investigation-on-the-dynamics-of-knowledge-and-it-industries-in-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Induction of G1 Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Panaxydol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Gyu%20Leem">Dong-Gyu Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Sun%20Shin"> Ji-Sun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Yoon%20Choi"> Sang Yoon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Tae%20Lee"> Kyung-Tae Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we focused on the anti-proliferative effects of panaxydol, a C17 polyacetylenic compound derived from Panax ginseng roots, against various human cancer cells. We treated with panaxydol to various cancer cells and panaxydol treatment was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation of human lung cancer cells (A549) and human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2), of which AsPC-1 cells were most sensitive to its treatment. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that panaxydol blocked cell cycle progression at the G1 phase in A549 cells, which accompanied by a parallel reduction of protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. CDK inhibitors (CDKIs), such as p21CIP1/WAF1 and p27KIP1, were gradually upregulated after panaxydol treatment at the protein levels. Furthermore, panaxydol induced the activation of p53 in A549 cells. In addition, panaxydol also induced apoptosis of AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, as shown by accumulation of subG1 and apoptotic cell populations. Panaxydol triggered the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential by panaxydol was determined by staining with dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. Furthermore, panaxydol suppressed the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, XIAP and Bcl-2, and increased the levels of proapoptotic proteins, Bax and Bad. In addition, panaxydol inhibited the activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK). Our results suggest that panaxydol is an anti-tumor compound that causes p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in various cancer cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title="apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G1%20arrest" title=" G1 arrest"> G1 arrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panaxydol" title=" panaxydol"> panaxydol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50141/induction-of-g1-arrest-and-apoptosis-in-human-cancer-cells-by-panaxydol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten Stimulates Adipogenesis, Lipolysis, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim">Hye Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem"> Kang-Hyun Leem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) has a global distribution and has been used for medicinal benefits such as artherosclerosis, diabetes, gastritis, and hyperglycemia. The prickly pear variety Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten (OFS) is widely cultivated in Cheju Island, the southwestern region of Korea, and used as a functional food. The present study investigated the effects of OFS on adipogenesis, lipolysis, glucose uptake, and glucose transporter (GLUT4) expression using preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. Adipogenesis was determined by preadipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation assessed by Oil Red O staining. Lipolysis was determined as the rate of glycerol release. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression were measured using fluorescent glucose analogue, 2-NBDG, and ELISA, respectively. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to investigate the effects of OFS on the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Ethanol extracts of OFS dose-dependently enhanced adipocyte differentiation and cellular triglyceride levels indicating the enhancement of the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression were also dose-dependently increased by OFS treatment. Furthermore, OFS treatment also increased the mRNA levels of PPARγ. These effects of OFS on adipocytes suggest that OFS is potentially beneficial for type 2 diabetes by due to its enhanced glucose uptake and balanced adipogenesis and lipolysis properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3T3-L1%20preadipocyte%20cell" title="3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell">3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adipogenesis" title=" adipogenesis"> adipogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLUT4" title=" GLUT4"> GLUT4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipolysis" title=" lipolysis"> lipolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opuntia%20ficus-indica%20var.%20Saboten" title=" Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten"> Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPAR%CE%B3" title=" PPARγ"> PPARγ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prickly%20pear%20cactus" title=" prickly pear cactus"> prickly pear cactus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32209/opuntia-ficus-indica-var-saboten-stimulates-adipogenesis-lipolysis-and-glucose-uptake-in-3t3-l1-adipocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Egg Yolk Peptide Stimulated Osteogenic Gene Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim">Hye Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem"> Kang-Hyun Leem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density which leads to increased bone fragility and greater susceptibility to fracture. Current treatments for osteoporosis are dominated by drugs that inhibit bone resorption although they also suppress bone formation that may contribute to pathogenesis of osteonecrosis. To restore the extensive bone loss, there is a great need for anabolic treatments that induce osteoblasts to build new bone. Pre-osteoblastic cells produce proteins of the extra-cellular matrix, including type I collagen at first, and then to successively produce alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin during differentiation to osteoblasts. Finally, osteoblasts deposit calcium. Present study investigated the effects of egg yolk peptide (EYP) on osteogenic activities and bone matrix gene expressions in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. The effects of EYP on cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization were measured. The expression of osteogenic genes including COL1A1 (collagen, type I, alpha 1), ALP, BGLAP (osteocalcin), and SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1, osteopontin) were measured by quantitative realtime PCR. EYP dose-dependently increased MG-63 cell proliferation, ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposition. Furthermore, COL1A1, ALP, and SPP1 gene expressions were increased by EYP treatment. Present study suggested that EYP treatment enhanced osteogenic activities and increased bone matrix osteogenicgenes. These results could provide a mechanistic explanation for the bone-strengthening effects of EYP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20yolk%20peptide" title="egg yolk peptide">egg yolk peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoblastic%20MG-63%20cells" title=" osteoblastic MG-63 cells"> osteoblastic MG-63 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20phosphatase" title=" alkaline phosphatase"> alkaline phosphatase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen%20synthesis" title=" collagen synthesis"> collagen synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteogenic%20genes" title=" osteogenic genes"> osteogenic genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COL1A1" title=" COL1A1"> COL1A1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteocalcin" title=" osteocalcin"> osteocalcin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteopontin" title=" osteopontin"> osteopontin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11286/egg-yolk-peptide-stimulated-osteogenic-gene-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effect of Deer Antler Extract on Osteogenic Gene Expression and Longitudinal Bone Growth of Adolescent Male Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyun%20Leem">Kang-Hyun Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Gyou%20Kim"> Myung-Gyou Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Kyung%20Kim"> Hye Kyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deer antler, traditionally used as a tonic and valuable drug in oriental medicine, has been considered to possess bone-strengthening activity. The upper section, mid section, and base of the antler has been known to exhibit different biological properties. Present study was performed to examine the effects of different parts of deer antler extract (DH) on osteogenic gene expressions in MG-63 cells and longitudinal bone growth in adolescent male rats. The expressions of osteogenic genes, collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Longitudinal bone growth was measured in 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats using fluorescence microscopy. To examine the effects on the growth plate metabolism, the total height of growth plate and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were measured. Collagen and osteocalcin mRNA expressions were increased by all three parts of the DH treatment while osteopontin gene expression was not affected by any of the DH treatment. Alkaline phosphatase gene expression was increased by upper and mid part of DH while base part of DH fails to affect alkaline phosphatase gene expression. The upper and mid parts of the DH treatment enhanced longitudinal bone growth and total height of growth plate. The induction of BMP-2 protein expression in growth plate assessed by immunostaining was also promoted by upper and mid parts of the DH treatment. These results suggest that DH, especially upper and mid parts, stimulate osteogenic gene expressions and have the effect on bone growth in adolescent rats and might be used for the growth delayed adolescent and inherent growth failure patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20morphogenetic%20protein-2" title="bone morphogenetic protein-2">bone morphogenetic protein-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deer%20antler" title=" deer antler"> deer antler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20bone%20growth" title=" longitudinal bone growth"> longitudinal bone growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteogenic%20genes" title=" osteogenic genes"> osteogenic genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24281/effect-of-deer-antler-extract-on-osteogenic-gene-expression-and-longitudinal-bone-growth-of-adolescent-male-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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