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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexandre Koyré</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ألكسندر كويري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر كويري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Александър Койре – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Койре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="الکساندر کویره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر کویره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%83%81%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%BF%A0%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88" title="알렉상드르 쿠아레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉상드르 쿠아레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="एलेक्जेंडर कॉयरे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलेक्जेंडर कॉयरे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC" title="アレクサンドル・コイレ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドル・コイレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Койре, Александр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Койре, Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alexandre Koyré" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Олександр Койре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олександр Койре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%A4%B8%E9%BB%91" title="亞歷山大·夸黑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞歷山大·夸黑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alexandre Koyré</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alexandr Vladimirovich (or Volfovich) Koyra</div><br />29 August 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 April 1964<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1964-04-29</span>)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a> (1908–1911)<br /><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> (1912–1913)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> (1911–1914)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">20th-century philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/French_historical_epistemology" class="mw-redirect" title="French historical epistemology">French historical epistemology</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pratique_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes" title="École pratique des hautes études">École pratique des hautes études</a> (1931–1962)<br /><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (1946–?)<br /><a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a> (1941)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">History of science</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Philosophy of science</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Historical_epistemology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical epistemology">Historical epistemology</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Criticism of <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivist</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">philosophy of science</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexandre Koyré</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kwaʁe]</a></span>; born <b>Alexandr Vladimirovich</b> (or <b>Volfovich</b>) <b>Koyra</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александр Владимирович (Вольфович) Койра</span>); 29 August 1892 – 28 April 1964), also <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> as <b>Alexander Koyre</b>, was a French philosopher of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> origin who wrote on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">philosophy of science</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koyré was born in the city of <a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a>, Russia on 29 August 1892 into a Jewish family. His original name was Alexandr Vladimirovich (or Volfovich) Koyra (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александр Владимирович (Вольфович) Койра</span>). In Imperial Russia he studied in <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a>, before pursuing his studies abroad. </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, Germany (1908–1911) he studied under <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a>. Husserl did not approve of Koyré's dissertation, whereupon Koyré left for <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, to study at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> during the period 1912–1913 under <a href="/wiki/Henri-Louis_Bergson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Louis Bergson">Bergson</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Brunschvicg" title="Léon Brunschvicg">Brunschvicg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lalande_(philosopher)" title="André Lalande (philosopher)">Lalande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Delbos" title="Victor Delbos">Delbos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Picavet" title="François Picavet">Picavet</a>. Following Husserl's <i><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Meditations" title="Cartesian Meditations">Cartesian Meditations</a></i>, a series of lectures given in Paris in February 1929 (and one of the more important of Husserl's later works),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koyré met again with Husserl repeatedly. </p><p>In 1914 he joined the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> as soon as the war broke out. In 1916 he volunteered for a Russian regiment fighting on the Russian front, following a cooperation agreement between the French and Russian governments. </p><p>In 1922 Koyré completed his two <a href="/wiki/State_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="State doctorate">State doctorate</a> (then called <i><a href="/wiki/Doctorat_%C3%A8s_lettres" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorat ès lettres">Doctorat ès lettres</a></i>) theses.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schrift_p._146_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schrift_p._146-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year he started teaching in Paris at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_pratique_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes" title="École pratique des hautes études">École pratique des hautes études</a> (EPHE), and became a colleague of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Alexandre Kojève</a>, who eventually replaced him as lecturer on <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>. In 1931, he helped found the philosophical journal <i>Recherches philosophiques</i>. In 1932 the EPHE created a Department of History of Religious Thought in Modern Europe for him to chair. He retained this position until his death. </p><p>During the years 1932–34, 1936–38, and 1940–41, Koyré taught in <a href="/wiki/Fuad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad University">Fuad University</a> (later Cairo University) where, along with André Lalande and others, he introduced the study of modern philosophy to Egyptian academia. His most important student in Cairo was <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Badawi" title="Abdel Rahman Badawi">Abdel Rahman Badawi</a> (1917–2002) who is considered the first systematic modern Arab philosopher. Koyré later joined the Egyptian National Committee of the Free French. </p><p>During World War II, Koyré lived in New York City, and taught at the <a href="/wiki/New_School_for_Social_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="New School for Social Research">New School for Social Research</a>, including a course on Plato's <i><a href="/wiki/Theaetetus_(dialogue)" title="Theaetetus (dialogue)">Theaetetus</a></i>, together with <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Leo Strauss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Riezler" title="Kurt Riezler">Kurt Riezler</a>, in the fall of 1944. After World War II, he was a frequent visitor to the United States, spending half a year at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> each year from 1955 to 1962 and also teaching as a visiting professor at Harvard, Yale, the University of Chicago, the University of Wisconsin, and Johns Hopkins. His lectures at Johns Hopkins would form the nucleus of one of his best known publications, <i>From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe</i> (1957). </p><p>He died in Paris on 28 April 1964. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though best known as a philosopher of science, Koyré started out as a historian of religion. Much of his originality for the period rests on his ability to ground his studies of modern science on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">history of religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>. </p><p>Koyré focused on <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>. His most famous work is <i>From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe</i>, a series of lectures given at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in 1959 on the rise of early modern science and the change of scientists' perception of the world during the period from <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> through Newton. Though the book has been widely heralded, it was a summation of Koyré's perspective rather than an original new work. </p><p>Koyré was suspicious of scientists' claims to prove natural or fundamental truths through experiments. He argued these experiments were based on complicated premises, and that they tended to prove the outlook behind these premises, rather than any real truth. He repeatedly critiqued Galileo's experiments, claiming that some of them could not have taken place, and disputed the results Galileo claimed and which modern historians of science had hitherto accepted. </p><p>According to Koyré, it was not the experimental or <a href="/wiki/Empirism" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirism">empirical</a> nature of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a>'s discoveries that carried the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a> of the 16th and 17th centuries, but a shift in perspective, a change in theoretical outlook toward the world. Koyré strongly criticised what he called the "<a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivist</a>" notion that science should only discover given phenomena, the relations between them and certain laws that would help to describe or predict them. To Koyré science was, at its heart, theory: an aspiration to know the truth of the world, of uncovering the essential structures from which phenomena, and the basic laws that relate them, spring. </p><p>Koyré was also interested in the correlations between scientific discoveries and religious or philosophical world views. Like <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a> in his later studies, Koyré claimed that modern science had succeeded in overcoming the split, inherent in traditional <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelian</a> science, between Earth and Space, since these were now both seen as governed by the same laws. On the other hand, another split had now been created, between the phenomenal world inhabited by man and the purely abstract, <a href="/wiki/Mathematical" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical">mathematical</a> world of science. Koyré aimed to show how this "first world", the world of human dwelling (personal and historical), apparently irrelevant to modern naturalistic research, was by no means irrelevant for the very constitution and development of this research. Koyré consistently sought to show how scientific truth is always discovered in correlation with specific historical, even purely personal, circumstances. </p><p>Koyré's work can be seen as a systematic analysis of the constitutive achievements that resulted in scientific knowledge, but with particular emphasis on the historical, and specifically human, circumstances that generate the scientists' phenomenal world and serve as foundation for all scientific constitutions of meaning. </p><p>Koyré influenced major European and American philosophers of science, most significantly <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Imre Lakatos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Paul Feyerabend</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the course of his studies of Galileo, Koyré famously claimed that the experiments with weights falling and rolling on inclined planes that Galileo described in his writings probably had not been carried out in practice, but were instead <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">thought experiments</a> intended to illustrate his deductions. Koyré argued that the precision of the results reported by Galileo was not possible with the technology available to him and quoted the contemporary judgement of <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mersenne" title="Marin Mersenne">Marin Mersenne</a>, who had questioned the feasibility of reproducing Galileo's results. Furthermore, according to Koyré, Galileo's science was largely a product of his <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonist</a> philosophy and did not really derive from experimental observations. </p><p>Koyré's conclusions were first challenged in 1961 by Thomas B. Settle, who as a graduate student at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> succeeded in reproducing Galileo's experiments with inclined planes using the methods and technologies described in Galileo's writing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Stillman_Drake" title="Stillman Drake">Stillman Drake</a> and others worked through Galileo's notes and demonstrated that Galileo was a careful experimentalist whose observations did play a pivotal role in the development of his scientific system that he later claimed in his published work.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Koyré has been further criticised for his claim about Galileo's Platonism, which he saw as a synonym with mathematics and mathematization of nature. As the Italian scholar Lodovico Geymonat has proved, in fact, Platonism as a tradition does not helpfully illuminate the development of Galileo's mathematical studies which are mostly concerned with applied mathematics, engineering and mechanics fields that neither Plato nor Platonist authors were much interested in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_(selection)"><span id="Writings_.28selection.29"></span>Writings (selection)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writings (selection)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La Philosophie de <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Boehme" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Boehme">Jacob Boehme</a></i>, Paris, J. Vrin, 1929.</li> <li><i>Études galiléennes</i>, Paris: Hermann, 1939</li> <li><i>From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe</i>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1957</li> <li><i>La Révolution astronomique: Copernic, Kepler, Borelli</i>, Paris: Hermann, 1961</li> <li><i>The Astronomical Revolution</i> Methuen, London, 1973</li> <li><i>Introduction à la lecture de Platon</i>, Paris: Gallimard, 1994</li> <li><i>Metaphysics & Measurement: Essays in Scientific Revolution</i> Harvard University Press, 1968</li> <li><i>A Documentary History of the Problem of Fall from Kepler to Newton</i>, pp. 329–395, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 45, 1955</li> <li><i>Newtonian Studies</i>, Chapman & Hall, 1965</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>General Secretary and Vice President, Institut International de Philosophie</li> <li>Member, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sarton_Medal" title="George Sarton Medal">Sarton Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNRS_Silver_Medal" title="CNRS Silver Medal">CNRS Silver Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean-François Stoffel, <i>Bibliographie d'Alexandre Koyré</i>, Firenze : L.S. Olschki, 2000.</li> <li>Marlon Salomon. "Alexandre Koyré, historiador do pensamento". Goiânia: Almeida & Clément, Brazil, 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alexandre Koyré">Alexandre Koyré</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/fondskoyre/">Alexandre Koyré's Online Archives Project</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (papers, manuscripts, notes, etc.) established by Center Alexandre- KOYRE/CRHST in partnership with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cn2sv.fr">CN2SV</a>/<a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.services.cnrs.fr/wws/info/fondskoyre">Mailing list about Alexandre Koyré's archives</a> : A mailing list about A. Koyré archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koyre.cnrs.fr/">Center Alexandre-KOYRE/CRHST</a>, history of science and technologies center (Paris, France) supported by <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>, EHESS, Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924092232/http://www.aihs-iahs.org/en/prizes">The Alexandre Koyre Prize</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_the_History_of_Science" title="International Academy of the History of Science">International Academy of the History of Science</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">José Lopez, <i>Society and Its Metaphors: Language, Social Theory and Social Structure</i>, Bloomsbury Academic, 2003, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These lectures were first published in a 1931 French translation by Gabrielle Peiffer and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a> with advice from Koyré.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He had already earned a <i><a href="/wiki/Doctorat_d%27universit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorat d'université">Doctorat d'université</a></i> from the Sorbonne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schrift_p._146-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schrift_p._146_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan D. Schrift (2006), <i>Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes And Thinkers</i>, Blackwell Publishing, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Reference-Settle-1961" class="citation journal cs1">Settle, Thomas B. (1961). "An Experiment in the History of Science". <i>Science</i>. <b>133</b> (3445): 19–23. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961Sci...133...19S">1961Sci...133...19S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.133.3445.19">10.1126/science.133.3445.19</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17759858">17759858</a>.</cite><span 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118219156">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100191727">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/15224/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcR9mFH3DBCTpPb7f7JXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118777890">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/895809">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118777890.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118777890">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02695334X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p291n2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyré&oldid=1252953843">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Koyré&oldid=1252953843</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1892_births" title="Category:1892 births">1892 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1964_deaths" title="Category:1964 deaths">1964 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Taganrog" 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