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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Peoria%2C_Illinois%29_-_statue_of_Christ_the_King.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="3815" /></a><figcaption>Christ the King, Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, (Peoria, Ill.)</figcaption></figure> <p> <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Quas primas</i></span></b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: "In the first") is an <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>. Promulgated on December 11, 1925, it introduced the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Feast of Christ the King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_content">Purpose and content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quas_primas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Quas primas</i> followed Pius's initial encyclical, <i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_arcano_Dei_consilio" title="Ubi arcano Dei consilio">Ubi arcano Dei consilio</a></i>, which he referred to in his opening statement: </p><blockquote><p>...manifold evils in the world were due to the fact that the majority of men had thrust Jesus Christ and his holy law out of their lives; that these had no place either in private affairs or in politics: and we said further, that as long as individuals and states refused to submit to the rule of our Savior, there would be no really hopeful prospect of a lasting peace among nations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <i>Ubi arcano</i>, Pius enjoined the faithful to seek "the Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Quas primas</i> established the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Feast of Christ the King</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§28_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§28-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>'s response to the world's increasing secularization and nationalism. </p><p>It was written in the aftermath of World War I and the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a>, which saw the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollerns" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohenzollerns">Hohenzollerns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanovs" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanovs">Romanovs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a>. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> pointed to a king "of whose kingdom there shall be no end".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925 the Pope asked the French <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> priest <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Hugon" title="Édouard Hugon">Édouard Hugon</a>, professor of philosophy and theology at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, <i>Angelicum</i></a>, to work on <i>Quas primas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"[T]he Word of God, as consubstantial with the Father, has all things in common with him, and therefore has necessarily supreme and absolute dominion over all things created".<sup id="cite_ref-quas_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Matthew 28:18 Jesus himself says, "All power in heaven and on earth has been given to me." In Revelation 19:16 Christ is recognized as "King of kings and Lord of lords." </p><p>The encyclical summarised both the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> teaching on the kingship of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. Invoking an earlier encyclical <i><a href="/wiki/Annum_sacrum" title="Annum sacrum">Annum sacrum</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>, Pius XI suggested that the Kingdom of Christ embraces the whole mankind. Pius explained that by virtue of Christ’s claim to kingship as creator and redeemer, societies as well as individuals owe him obligations as king.<sup id="cite_ref-McCall_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCall-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>So he is said to reign "in the hearts of men," both by reason of the keenness of his intellect and the extent of his knowledge, and also because he is very truth, and it is from him that truth must be obediently received by all mankind. He reigns, too, in the wills of men, for in him the human will was perfectly and entirely obedient to the Holy Will of God, and further by his grace and inspiration he so subjects our free-will as to incite us to the most noble endeavors. He is King of hearts, too, by reason of his "charity which exceedeth all knowledge.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Quas primas</i>, §7<sup id="cite_ref-quas_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance_for_laity">Significance for laity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quas_primas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significance for laity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate,_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg/220px-St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg/330px-St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg/440px-St_Botolph_without_Aldersgate%2C_London_EC1_-_Window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1209741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Christ the King, St Botolph without Aldersgate, London</figcaption></figure> <p>While the encyclical was addressed to Catholic bishops, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> wanted the feast of Christ the King to encourage the laity: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The faithful, moreover, by meditating upon these truths, will gain much strength and courage, enabling them to form their lives after the true Christian ideal. If to Christ our Lord is given all power in heaven and on earth; if all men, purchased by his precious blood, are by a new right subjected to his dominion; if this power embraces all men, it must be clear that not one of our faculties is exempt from his empire. He must reign in our minds, which should assent with perfect submission and firm belief to revealed truths and to the doctrines of Christ. He must reign in our wills, which should obey the laws and precepts of God. He must reign in our hearts, which should spurn natural desires and love God above all things, and cleave to him alone. He must reign in our bodies and in our members, which should serve as instruments for the interior sanctification of our souls, or to use the words of the Apostle Paul, as instruments of justice unto God.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Quas primas</i>, §33<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quas_primas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQuas_primas1925" class="citation web cs1">Pope Pius XI (11 December 1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas.html">"Quas primas"</a>. Libreria Editrice Vaticana<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quas+primas&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=1925-12-11&rft.au=Pope+Pius+XI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fpius-xi%2Fen%2Fencyclicals%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuas+primas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas_en.html">Pope Pius XI, <i>Quas primas</i>, §1, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19221223_ubi-arcano-dei-consilio.html">Pope Pius XI. "Ubi arcano Dei consilio", §49, 23 December 1922, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§28-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§28_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuas_primas1925">Quas primas 1925</a>, §28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuas_primas1925§5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuas_primas1925">Quas primas 1925</a>, §5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edizioniamiciziacristiana.it/presfuoridellachiesa.htm">Hugon O.P., Édourad. "Fuori della Chiesa non c'è salvezza", Accessed Feb. 6, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quas-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quas_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quas_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas_en.html">Pope Pius XI, <i>Quas primas</i>, §7, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCall-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCall_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=brian_mccall">McCall, Brian M., "Quas Primas and the Economic Ordering of Society for the Social Reign of Christ the King", <i>Journal of Catholic Legal Studies</i>, Vol. 47, January 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas_en.html">Pope Pius XI, <i>Quas primas</i>, §33, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quas_primas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_11121925_quas-primas_en.html"><i>Quas primas</i> (English translation)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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