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Pseudodoxia Epidemica - Wikipedia
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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemica" title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سیودودکسیا اپیدمیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیودودکسیا اپیدمیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enquiries_into_vulgar_and_common_errors" title="Enquiries into vulgar and common errors – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enquiries into vulgar and common errors" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemica" title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemica" title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemica" title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pseudodoxia Epidemica" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6037862#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemica" title="View the content page [c]" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1646 work by Thomas Browne</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Browne-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Browne-2.jpg/220px-Browne-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Browne-2.jpg/330px-Browne-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Browne-2.jpg/440px-Browne-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="4499" /></a><figcaption>Title page of a 1646 copy of Thomas Browne's <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i>, or <i>Vulgar Errors</i></figcaption></figure> <p> <i><b>Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Enquiries into very many received tenents and commonly presumed truths</b></i>, also known simply as <i><b>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</b></i> or <i><b>Vulgar Errors</b></i>, is a work by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Thomas Browne</a> challenging and refuting the "vulgar" or common errors and superstitions of his age. It first appeared in 1646 and went through five subsequent editions, the last revision occurring in 1672. The work includes evidence of Browne's adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Baconian</a> method of empirical observation of nature, and was in the vanguard of work-in-progress scientific journalism during the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a>. Throughout its pages frequent examples of Browne's subtle humour can also be found. </p><p>Browne's three determinants for obtaining truth were the authority of past scholarly works, the act of reason, and empirical experience. Each of these determinants is employed upon subjects ranging from common folklore to the cosmological. Subjects covered in <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i> are arranged in accordance to the time-honoured <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> scale of creation; the learned doctor essaying on the nature of error itself (Book 1), continuing with fallacies in the <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable</a> (Book 2), and <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> (Book 3) kingdoms onto errors concerning Man (Book 4), Art (Book 5), <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> (Book 6), and finally <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">Cosmos</a> (Book 7). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_science">Popular science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Popular science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i> was a valuable source of information which found itself upon the shelves of many homes in seventeenth century England. Being in the vanguard of the scientific writing, it paved the way for much subsequent popular scientific journalism and began a decline in the belief in mythical creatures. Its science includes many examples of Browne's 'at-first-hand' empiricism as well as early examples of the formulation of scientific hypothesis. </p><p>The second of <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica'</i>s seven books entitled <i>Tenets concerning Mineral and Vegetable Bodies</i> includes Browne's experiments with <a href="/wiki/Static_electricity" title="Static electricity">static electricity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetism</a>—<a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_electricity" title="Etymology of electricity">the word <i>electricity</i></a> being one of hundreds of neologisms including <i><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucination</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literary</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a></i> contributed by Browne into the vocabulary of the early Scientific Revolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The popularity of <i>Pseudodoxia</i> in its day is confirmed by the fact that it went through no fewer than six editions. The first appeared in 1646 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>; four during the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">interregnum</a>, in 1650, 1658 (two), and 1659; and the final edition in 1672, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, and when the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a> was well under way. <i>Pseudodoxia</i> was subsequently translated and published in French, Dutch, Latin and German throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The German <a href="/wiki/Christian_Cabalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Cabalist">Christian Cabalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Knorr_von_Rosenroth" title="Christian Knorr von Rosenroth">Christian Knorr von Rosenroth</a> translated the book into German in 1680.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broiwne-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Table of contents page for the 1646 copy of Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or Vulgar Errors"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Broiwne-3.jpg/79px-Broiwne-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Broiwne-3.jpg/119px-Broiwne-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Broiwne-3.jpg/159px-Broiwne-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2838" data-file-height="4277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Table of contents page for the 1646 copy of <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i>, or <i>Vulgar Errors</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Browne-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First page of the 1646 copy of Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or Vulgar Errors"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Browne-4.jpg/77px-Browne-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Browne-4.jpg/116px-Browne-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Browne-4.jpg/154px-Browne-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="4636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First page of the 1646 copy of <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i>, or <i>Vulgar Errors</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evaluation_by_other_writers">Evaluation by other writers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evaluation by other writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today there is considerable confusion how best to define Sir Thomas Browne's scientific methodology,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which is described by E. S. Merton thus: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">eclecticism</a> so characteristic of Browne... Browne does not cry from the house tops, as did <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, the liberating power of experience in opposition to the sterilising influence of reason. Nor does he guarantee as did <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a>, the intuitive truth of reason as opposed to the falsity of the senses. Unlike either, he follows both sense experience and a priori reason in his quest for truth. He uses what comes to him from tradition and from contemporary Science, often perhaps without too precise a formulation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>William P. Dunn summarised the ambiguities of Browne's scientific view-point thus: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Here is Browne's scientific point of view in a nutshell. One lobe of his brain wants to study facts and test hypotheses on the basis of them, the other is fascinated by mystic symbols and analogies.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn1950_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn1950-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Robert Sencourt succinctly defined Browne's relationship to scientific enquiry as "an instance of a scientific reason, lit up by mysticism, in the Church of England".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1651 book <i>Arcana Microcosmi</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ross_(writer)" title="Alexander Ross (writer)">Alexander Ross</a>, attempted to rebut many of Browne's claims. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A detailed edition of <i>Pseudodoxia Epidemica</i> in two volumes was published by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> in 1986, edited and comprehensively annotated by Robin Robbins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Sir_Thomas_Browne" title="Library of Sir Thomas Browne">Library of Sir Thomas Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">Popular science</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeitchman1998" class="citation book cs1">Beitchman, Philip (1998). <i>Alchemy of the Word: Cabala of the Renaissance</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/079143737X" title="Special:BookSources/079143737X"><bdi>079143737X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alchemy+of+the+Word%3A+Cabala+of+the+Renaissance&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=079143737X&rft.aulast=Beitchman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APseudodoxia+Epidemica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn1950-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn1950_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_P._Dunn1950" class="citation book cs1">William P. Dunn (1 January 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5BZ8wzwllBEC&pg=PA131"><i>Sir Thomas Browne: a Study in Religious Philosophy</i></a>. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 131–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5751-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5751-3"><bdi>978-0-8166-5751-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+Browne%3A+a+Study+in+Religious+Philosophy&rft.pages=131-&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1950-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5751-3&rft.au=William+P.+Dunn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5BZ8wzwllBEC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APseudodoxia+Epidemica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSencourt" class="citation book cs1">Sencourt, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UkjIMpGzsosC&q=%22an+instance+of+a+scientific+reason%2C+lit+up+by+mysticism%2C+in+the+Church+of+England%22&pg=PA126"><i>Outflying Philosophy: a Literary Study of the Religious Element</i></a>. Ardent Media. p. 126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outflying+Philosophy%3A+a+Literary+Study+of+the+Religious+Element&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Ardent+Media&rft.aulast=Sencourt&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUkjIMpGzsosC%26q%3D%2522an%2Binstance%2Bof%2Ba%2Bscientific%2Breason%252C%2Blit%2Bup%2Bby%2Bmysticism%252C%2Bin%2Bthe%2BChurch%2Bof%2BEngland%2522%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APseudodoxia+Epidemica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudodoxia_Epidemica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/pseudodoxia/pseudodoxia.shtml">Online edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lpZNAAAAcAAJ">Facsimile of 4th edition</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐gmkmg Cached time: 20241122140942 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.183 seconds Real time usage: 0.262 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1106/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13779/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3309/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13782/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.095/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4234449/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 235.160 1 -total 42.00% 98.761 1 Template:Reflist 36.09% 84.863 3 Template:Cite_book 24.63% 57.914 1 Template:Short_description 16.23% 38.166 2 Template:Citation_needed 15.01% 35.308 2 Template:Pagetype 14.65% 34.447 2 Template:Fix 9.42% 22.163 4 Template:Category_handler 7.82% 18.389 2 Template:Quote 5.98% 14.065 8 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:236299-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122140942 and revision id 1243248003. 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