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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tumbler_Ridge&params=55_08_00_N_121_00_00_W_region:CA-BC_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°08′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°00′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.13333°N 121.00000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.13333; -121.00000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District municipality in British Columbia, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tumbler Ridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_municipalities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of district municipalities in British Columbia">District municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">District of Tumbler Ridge<sup id="cite_ref-BCmunis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCmunis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThumblerRide-flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tumbler Ridge"><img alt="Flag of Tumbler Ridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/ThumblerRide-flag.png/100px-ThumblerRide-flag.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/ThumblerRide-flag.png/150px-ThumblerRide-flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/ThumblerRide-flag.png/200px-ThumblerRide-flag.png 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Invitatio Prosperitati"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tumbler Ridge is located in British Columbia"><img alt="Tumbler Ridge is located in British Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_British_Columbia_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.35%;left:71.484%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tumbler Ridge"><img alt="Tumbler Ridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tumbler_Ridge&params=55_08_00_N_121_00_00_W_region:CA-BC_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°08′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°00′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.13333°N 121.00000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.13333; -121.00000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_Regional_Districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British Columbia Regional Districts">Regional District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peace_River_Regional_District" title="Peace River Regional District">Peace River</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 9, 1981 (district)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Darryl Krakowka</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data">Tumbler Ridge District Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Current_members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Current members of the Canadian House of Commons">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zimmer" title="Bob Zimmer">Bob Zimmer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislative Assembly of British Columbia">MLA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bernier" title="Mike Bernier">Mike Bernier</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,558.97 km<sup>2</sup> (601.92 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">830 m (2,720 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,399<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-7">UTC-7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code span</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">V0C 2W0</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_250" title="Area code 250">250</a> / <a href="/wiki/Area_code_778" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 778">778</a> / <a href="/wiki/Area_code_236" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 236">236</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_provincial_highways" title="List of British Columbia provincial highways">Highways</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BC-29.svg/24px-BC-29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BC-29.svg/36px-BC-29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BC-29.svg/48px-BC-29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="564" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_29" title="British Columbia Highway 29">Highway 29</a> <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/BC-52.svg/24px-BC-52.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/BC-52.svg/36px-BC-52.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/BC-52.svg/48px-BC-52.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="564" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_52" title="British Columbia Highway 52">Highway 52</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tumblerridge.ca/">District of Tumbler Ridge</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tumbler Ridge</b> is a <a href="/wiki/District_municipality" title="District municipality">district municipality</a> in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rockies" title="Canadian Rockies">B.C. Rockies</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada, and a member municipality of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_River_Regional_District" title="Peace River Regional District">Peace River Regional District</a>. With a population of 2,399 (2021) living in a townsite, the municipality encompasses an area of 1,558 km<sup>2</sup> (602 sq mi) of mostly <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The townsite is located near the confluence of the Murray River and Flatbed Creek and the intersection of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_52" title="British Columbia Highway 52">Highway 52</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_29" title="British Columbia Highway 29">Highway 29</a> and includes the site of the <a href="/wiki/Tumbler_Ridge_Secondary_School" title="Tumbler Ridge Secondary School">Tumbler Ridge Secondary School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumbler_Ridge_Airport" title="Tumbler Ridge Airport">Tumbler Ridge Airport</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_River_South" title="Peace River South">Peace River South</a> provincial electoral district and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%E2%80%94Peace_River%E2%80%94Northern_Rockies" title="Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies">Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies</a> federal riding. </p><p>Tumbler Ridge is a <a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">planned community</a> with the housing and infrastructure construct built simultaneously in 1981 by the provincial government to service the <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Canada" title="Coal in Canada">coal industry</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Resources_Investment_Corporation" title="British Columbia Resources Investment Corporation">British Columbia Resources Investment Corporation</a>'s Northeast Coal Development. In 1981, a consortium of Japanese steel mills agreed to purchase 100 million tonnes of coal over 15 years for US$7.5 billion from two mining companies, <a href="/wiki/Denison_Mines" title="Denison Mines">Denison Mines Inc.</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teck_Cominco" class="mw-redirect" title="Teck Cominco">Teck Corporation</a>, who were to operate the Quintette mine and the Bullmoose mine respectively. Declining global coal prices after 1981, and <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian financial crisis">weakening Asian markets</a> in the late 1990s, made the town's future uncertain and kept it from achieving its projected population of 10,000 people. The uncertainty dissuaded investment and kept the economy from diversifying. When price reductions were forced onto the mines, the Quintette mine was closed in 2000 production and the town lost about half its population. Coal prices began to rise after the turn of the century, leading to the opening of the Peace River Coal Trend mine by Northern Energy & Mining Inc. (now owned by Anglo American Met Coal) and the Wolverine Mine, originally owned by Western Canadian Coal, which was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Energy" title="Walter Energy">Walter Energy</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter went bankrupt in 2015, and their Canadian assets—including the Wolverine Mine—were purchased by Conuma Coal in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After dinosaur footprints and fossils were discovered in the municipality, along with <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> fishes and <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> plants, the Peace Region Paleontology Research Center opened in 2003, followed by a dinosaur museum. The study of the area led to a recognition of its geological importance and listing in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Global_Geoparks" title="UNESCO Global Geoparks">Global Geopark Network</a>. Nearby recreational destinations include numerous trails, mountains, waterfalls, snowmobiling areas and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_Provincial_Parks" title="List of British Columbia Provincial Parks">provincial parks</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Monkman_Provincial_Park" title="Monkman Provincial Park">Monkman Provincial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearhole_Lake_Provincial_Park_and_Protected_Area" title="Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area">Bearhole Lake Provincial Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gwillim_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Gwillim Lake Provincial Park">Gwillim Lake Provincial Park</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence show a human presence dating back 3,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nomadic <a href="/wiki/Sekani" title="Sekani">Sekani</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Dunneza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunneza">Dunneza</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a>, periodically lived in temporary settlements around the future municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formal exploratory and surveying expeditions were conducted by S. Prescott Fay, with Robert Cross and Fred Brewster in 1914, J.C. Gwillim in 1919, Edmund Spieker in 1920, and John Holzworth in 1923. Spieker coined the name <i>Tumbler Ridge</i>, referring to the mountains northwest of the future town, by altering Gwillim's map that named them <i>Tumbler Range</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permanent settlers were squatters, five families by 1920, who maintained <a href="/wiki/Animal_trapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal trapping">trap lines</a>. In the 1950s and 1960s, oil and natural gas exploration and logging was conducted through the area, and 15 significant coal deposits were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coal prices rose after the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> leading to 40 government studies examining the viability of accessing the coal, given the 1,130 km (700 mi) to the nearest port and the mountainous barrier.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With these coal deposits in mind, a purchasing agreement was signed in 1981 by two Canadian mining companies, a consortium of Japanese steel mills, and the governments of British Columbia and Canada. As part of the deal, the provincial government committed, under the North East Coal Development plan, to build a <a href="/wiki/New_town" class="mw-redirect" title="New town">new town</a> near the deposits, two highways off <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_97#John_Hart_Highway" title="British Columbia Highway 97">Highway 97</a>, a power line from the <a href="/wiki/W._A._C._Bennett_Dam" title="W. A. C. Bennett Dam">W. A. C. Bennett Dam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Hope,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson's Hope, British Columbia">Hudson's Hope</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch rail line</a> through the Rocky Mountains. An alternative of using work camps staffed by people from Dawson Creek and Chetwynd was also considered. Massive initial investments were required as planning for the new town began in 1976 with the objective of having a fully functioning town ready before residents arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The community's 1977 conceptual plan estimated a population of 3,568 residents in 1981, 7,940 in 1985, and 10,584 in 1987, after which the level was expected to stabilize.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planners of the community advised the mining companies to hire workers who were married, believing they would live in Tumbler Ridge longer and reduce employment turnover.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coordinated through the provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs, the community, regional infrastructure, and mining plants were all built simultaneously. When the municipality was incorporated in April 1981 the area was completely forested.<sup id="cite_ref-AHN30Dec81_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHN30Dec81-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that year building sites and roadways were cleared<sup id="cite_ref-AHN30Dec81_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHN30Dec81-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the winter the water and sewer system was built. In 1982, houses and other buildings were constructed. Full production at the mines was reached the following year. The population rose to 3,833 people in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canada_1986_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1986 Census">1986 Canadian census</a>, the first census to recognize Tumbler Ridge as a <a href="/wiki/Census_subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Census subdivision">census subdivision</a>, recorded 4,566 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-census86_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census86-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, world coal prices were dropping and the Japanese consortium requested a reduction in the price of coal from the Tumbler Ridge mines. As price reduction requests continued, the concern over the viability of the mines led the <a href="/wiki/BC_Assessment_Authority" title="BC Assessment Authority">BC Assessment Authority</a> to lower the 1987 property assessments for the Quintette mine from <a href="/wiki/CAD$" class="mw-redirect" title="CAD$">CAD$</a>156 million to $89 million and the Bullmoose mine $70 million to $43 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Halseth_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halseth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This lowered their taxes as they tried to enforce the purchasing agreement at the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a>. Their 1990 ruling required the Quintette Operations Company to reduce coal prices and reimburse the Japanese consortium $4.6 million. The company responded by reducing production, cutting employment, and applying for court protection from creditors. This allowed Teck to acquire 50% interest and take over management of the Quintette mine, but it was unable to stop further job losses.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tumbler Ridge's population, which had peaked in 1991 at 4,794 people, began to decline.<sup id="cite_ref-census96_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census96-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As most residents left town, apartment blocks were closed and the mine companies bought back all but 11 houses in the town. After 30% of the workforce had been laid off, new contracts with the Japanese consortium were signed in 1997, allowing re-hirings to begin, but with lower export levels.<sup id="cite_ref-Halseth_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halseth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North East Coal Development was projected to create a net benefit of <a href="/wiki/CAD$" class="mw-redirect" title="CAD$">CAD$</a>0.9 billion (2000), but incurred a net loss of $2.8 billion and half the expected regional employment.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png/220px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png/330px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png/440px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_population.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Tumbler Ridge's population trend, 1984–2006, BC Stats<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census86_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census86-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census96_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census96-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The population declined as many residents were unable to find other work in the town, even as a sawmill for specialty woods opened in 1999. After Teck closed the Quintette mine in August 2000 and shifted production to the lower cost Bullmoose mine, the municipal council established the Tumbler Ridge Revitalization Task Force to investigate ways to boost and diversify the economy. The Task Force negotiated the return of the housing stock from the mines to the free market, grants from the province to become debt-free,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stabilized funds from the province for healthcare and education.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discovery of dinosaur tracks in 2000 by two local boys while playing near a creek, led to major fossil and bone discoveries from the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> Period. To survey and study the finds, government funding was secured to found both the Tumbler Ridge Museum Foundation and Peace Region Palaeontology Research Centre. Tumbler Ridge' population was recorded as 1,932 people in 2001. </p><p>The community went through a second boom-and-bust cycle beginning in 2004 with the increase in world coal prices. Western Canadian Coal opened new open-pit mining operations creating the Brule (Dillon) mine using some of the Bullmoose mining infrastructure, between the townsite and <a href="/wiki/Chetwynd,_British_Columbia" title="Chetwynd, British Columbia">Chetwynd</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Wolverine mine.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mines were purchased by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Energy" title="Walter Energy">Walter Energy</a> in 2010, but world coal prices began to drop again in 2011 and in April 2014, Walter put their Canadian operations into <a href="/wiki/Care_and_maintenance" title="Care and maintenance">care and maintenance</a>, laying off nearly 700 people.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a> placed their Trend mine in care and maintenance in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These second generation coal mines were not as dominant in town affairs as Quinette and Bullmoose were such that, while as of 2016 there were no operating coal mines, the town had achieved some success in other activities, such as <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_industry" title="Wind power industry">wind power</a>, forestry and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most significantly, the area around Tumbler Ridge was listed as North America's second <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Global_Geopark" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO Global Geopark">UNESCO Global Geoparks</a> promoting its geological significance.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 8, 2023, the community of Tumbler Ridge was evacuated due to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Canadian_wildfires" title="2023 Canadian wildfires">2023 Canadian wildfires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical populations</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,851</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,454</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2011 Census">2011</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−26.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2021</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,399</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.7%</td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="1" border="0" style="float: left; margin: 0em 1em 1em 0em; width: 250px; border: 1px #bbbbbb solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#EDD5A3"> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">Canada 2016 Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-statscan16_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statscan16-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffebad;"> <td></td> <td>Tumbler Ridge</td> <td>British Columbia </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Median age</td> <td>39.4 years</td> <td>43.0 years </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Under 15 years old</td> <td>20%</td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Over 65 years old</td> <td>14%</td> <td>18% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Household size</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>2.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Tumbler Ridge had a population of 2,399 living in 1,093 of its 1,551 total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7001207347760442878♠" style="display:none"></span>20.7% from its 2016 population of 1,987. With a land area of 1,557.41 km<sup>2</sup> (601.32 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7000154037793516158♠"></span>1.5/km<sup>2</sup> (4.0/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Canadian Census">2016 Canadian Census</a> reported Tumbler Ridge's median age increased from 38.8 years in 2001 to 39.4 in 2016. In 2006, of those over 15 years of age, 62% were married, higher than the 54% provincial average.<sup id="cite_ref-statscan06_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statscan06-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reflecting the nature of the industrial jobs available in town, in 2001, only 12% of residents between 20 and 64 years of age completed university, half of the provincial average, and 26% did not complete high school, much higher than the 19% provincial average.<sup id="cite_ref-statscan16_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statscan16-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the 2021 Census, the municipality is 78% European, 14% Indigenous, 3% Filipino, 2% Black and 2% Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a>, religious groups in Tumbler Ridge included:<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Canada" title="Irreligion in Canada">Irreligion</a> (1,430 persons or 59.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Canada" title="Christianity in Canada">Christianity</a> (935 persons or 39.0%)</li> <li>Other (25 persons or 1.0%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The townsite is located on a series of southern-facing gravel terraces on a ridge of Mount Bergeron, overlooking the confluence of the Murray and Wolverine Rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site, above the floodplain of the Murray River, has well-drained soils with easy access to aquifers with potable water.<sup id="cite_ref-PLEDA_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLEDA-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rocks, mostly <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a> but lacking quartzite, make the mountains less rugged than their neighbouring ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terraces grow <a href="/wiki/Lodgepole_Pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodgepole Pine">Lodgepole Pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picea_glauca" title="Picea glauca">White Spruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Trembling Aspen</a> trees. Moose and elk are common.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Escarpments to the east and north could pose a snow avalanche threat but are kept forested for stability.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the town was evacuated for several days as four <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">forest fires</a> approached the town.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major coal deposits indicate the site was a swampy forest during the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paleontologists have discovered tracks or fossils from <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosauria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithopod" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithopod">ornithopods</a> (including a <i><a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurus" title="Hadrosaurus">Hadrosaurus</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Theropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Theropod">theropods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossils of Cretaceous plants such as ferns, redwoods, cycads, and <a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">ginkgo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> fishes and reptiles such as <a href="/wiki/Coelacanth" title="Coelacanth">coelacanths</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Weigeltisaurus" title="Weigeltisaurus">Weigeltisaurus</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosaur">ichthyosaurs</a> have been recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town experiences a continental climate. Arctic air masses move predominantly southwest from the Mackenzie Valley towards the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a> and through the mountains north of town.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town is in a <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a> behind Mount Bergeron, though much of the precipitation is lost in the mountains beforehand. Town planners laid out the roads so that they run along wind breaks, and buildings and parks are located in wind shadows.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="1" border="0" style="float: right; margin: 0em 1em 1em 0em; width: 250px; border: 1px #bbbbbb solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#B8BFFE"> <td colspan="3">Weather<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:lavender"> <td>Time</td> <td>Average temperature</td> <td>Average precipitation </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:white"> <td>January</td> <td>−11.1 °C (12.0 °F)</td> <td>40.2 mm (1.6 in) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:white"> <td>July</td> <td>14.8 °C (58.6 °F)</td> <td>78.6 mm (3.1 in) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:lavender"> <td colspan="3">Average annual precipitation: 519 mm (20.4 in) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After examining other resource towns in Canada, the planners followed socio-spatial guidelines and principles in physical planning.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coal mining facilities were well separated from the townsite to minimize the feeling of a company town.<sup id="cite_ref-Halseth_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halseth-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An attempt to mitigate potential lifestyle conflicts between families and childless households was made by separating the low-density, single-family dwellings from the low-rise apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apartment blocks were planned for areas with clusters of trees and excellent viewscapes, but close to the town plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low-density residences that were more likely to have children living in them were oriented around elementary schools and parks. Cul-de-sacs were avoided in favour of better linkages and pedestrian access.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullmoose is a weather station near Tumbler Ridge, situated on the northern slopes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullmoose_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bullmoose Mountain (page does not exist)">Bullmoose Mountain</a>, at an elevation of 1102 m (3615 ft). Bullmoose has a <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dfc</i>), with long, snowy winters and short, mild summers. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bullmoose, British Columbia (1981-2010): 1102m </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.5<br />(−39.1) </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38.0<br />(−36.4) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.0<br />(−29.2) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0<br />(−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.5<br />(−17.5) </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.5<br />(−44.5) </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.5<br />(−33.7) </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−42.5<br />(−44.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.8<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(1.95) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.2<br />(3.71) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.2<br />(3.59) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.3<br />(2.85) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5<br />(3.21) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">792.7<br />(31.21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.9<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.1<br />(17.0) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.8<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #000086; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #000056; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">335.2<br />(132) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">151.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_services">Infrastructure and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG/220px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG/330px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG/440px-Tumbler_Ridge_BC_outline.PNG 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>The municipal border (red) encompasses over 1500 km<sup>2</sup> (600 sq mi) of land. The townsite is on the northern end of the municipality where the rivers converge.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two highways diverge from <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_97#John_Hart_Highway" title="British Columbia Highway 97">Highway 97</a> and intersect in Tumbler Ridge: <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_52" title="British Columbia Highway 52">Highway 52</a> (Heritage Highway) which runs 98 km (61 mi) south at Arras, and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_29" title="British Columbia Highway 29">Highway 29</a> which runs 90 km (56 mi) southeast from Chetwynd. At the intersection Highway 29 ends but Highway 52 continues south past Tumbler Ridge, then unpaved, it runs northeast to <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_2" title="British Columbia Highway 2">Highway 2</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> border. In town, the 28 km (17 mi) of paved roads<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are laid out in a curvilinear pattern that use two arterial roads, MacKenzie Way and Monkman Way, to connect each section of town. Service roads from the townsite to the mines and forestry areas are maintained by the industries but are unpaved. </p><p>The unmanned <a href="/wiki/Tumbler_Ridge_Airport" title="Tumbler Ridge Airport">Tumbler Ridge Airport</a>, with its 1,219 m (4,000 ft) asphalt runway, is used by chartered and local flights. The closest airports with regularly scheduled flights are in Dawson Creek, Fort St John and Grande Prairie.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rail line into town is a 132 km (82 mi) formerly <a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway electrification system">electrified branch line</a> through the Rocky Mountains constructed by <a href="/wiki/BC_Rail" title="BC Rail">BC Rail</a> to transport coal to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Prince_Rupert" title="Port of Prince Rupert">Port of Prince Rupert</a>. The branch line includes two major tunnels: the 9 km (6 mi) Table Tunnel and the 6 km (4 mi) Wolverine Tunnel. </p><p>Fire rescue services are provided by the town's own 16-member composite fire department. Police services are provided by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> which maintains a five officer detachment within the municipality. BCEHS maintains an on-call ambulance service as well as a Community Paramedicine Program. Tumbler Ridge Search and Rescue provide backcountry emergency response to the surrounding areas around Tumbler Ridge. The town operates a water treatment system and sewage disposal system. <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Drinking water</a> is drawn from two drilled wells south of the townsite where it is stored in a 7 million litre reservoir before being <a href="/wiki/Water_chlorination" title="Water chlorination">chlorinated</a> and pumped into town.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The storm sewers empty into the Murray River, but the <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sanitary sewage</a> is processed through a <a href="/wiki/Aerated_lagoon" title="Aerated lagoon">lagoon</a> system and released into the Murray River north of town.<sup id="cite_ref-PLEDA_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLEDA-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the town and the province, through the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Health" title="Northern Health">Northern Health Authority</a>, operate the Tumbler Ridge Community Health Centre. The closest hospitals with over-night beds are in Chetwynd and Dawson Creek. The two public schools, Tumbler Ridge Elementary School and <a href="/wiki/Tumbler_Ridge_Secondary_School" title="Tumbler Ridge Secondary School">Tumbler Ridge Secondary School</a> are run by the <a href="/wiki/School_District_59_Peace_River_South" title="School District 59 Peace River South">School District 59 Peace River South</a>. Post-secondary courses, programs, and industry training are offered by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_College" title="Northern Lights College">Northern Lights College</a> at the secondary school and community centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quintette_Coal_Mine,_Tumbler_Ridge,_BC_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg/220px-Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg/330px-Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg/440px-Quintette_Coal_Mine%2C_Tumbler_Ridge%2C_BC_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Quintette Coal Mine, Tumbler Ridge</figcaption></figure> <p>Tumbler Ridge was built to provide a labour force for the coal mining industry, which has remained the dominant employer throughout the town's history. The mining companies had a contract to sell 100 million tons of coal to a consortium of Japanese steel mills over 15 years for US$7.5 billion (1981). The Quintette Operating Corporation (QOC) was formed by partnership between <a href="/wiki/Denison_Mines" title="Denison Mines">Denison Mines</a> (50%), <a href="/wiki/Mitsui" title="Mitsui">Mitsui Mining</a> (20%), Tokyo Boeki (20%), and other smaller firms, and began blasting at the Quintette mine in October 1982. The Bullmoose Operating Corporation was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Teck_Cominco" class="mw-redirect" title="Teck Cominco">Teck Corporation</a> (51%), Lornex (39%), and <a href="/wiki/Sojitz" title="Sojitz">Nissho Iwai</a> (10%) and worked the smaller Bullmoose mine. The economic viability of the mining companies were in question since the world coal prices began falling in the early 1980s and the Japanese consortium requested reduced prices. After the Supreme Court ruled that the coal prices must be reduced, the QOC filed for court protection from its creditors allowing the Teck Corporation to take over management in 1992. By 1996, even as lay-offs continued, over half the town's labour force were employed at one of the two mines.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New contracts with the Japanese consortium, signed 1997, moved production to the lower cost Bullmoose mine but guaranteed production until 2003 when that mine was expected to be exhausted. The Quintette mine was closed altogether on August 31, 2000. Since then, three other coal mines opened but were unprofitable: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Energy" title="Walter Energy">Walter Energy</a>'s Willow Creek, Brule and Wolverine mines.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HD_Mining_International" title="HD Mining International">HD Mining International</a> pursued opening another coal mine, the Murray River project, but encountered labour challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC9Apr2013_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC9Apr2013-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there was an intent by the town's planners to move to a more diversified economy, the few initiatives in this direction were not supported by the industries or local decision-makers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uncertainty about the town's future had been a serious concern to residents since the 1984 price reduction demands, but it was not until the closure of the Quintette mine that the town pursued diversification initiatives, such as tourism (attractions from dinosaur fossil discoveries, outdoor recreation, and nearby provincial parks), forestry, and oil and gas exploration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture,_recreation_and_media"><span id="Culture.2C_recreation_and_media"></span>Culture, recreation and media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture, recreation and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After dinosaur <a href="/wiki/Fossil_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil trackway">trackways</a> were discovered in 2000, and bones in 2002, the Tumbler Ridge Museum Foundation began excavations and opened the Peace Region Palaeontology Research Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossils and bones are displayed at both locations. Tours and educational programs related to dinosaur, the trackways, and the wilderness are offered.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Fall 2014 Tumbler Ridge was designated a full member of UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/Global_Geopark_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Geopark Network">Global Geopark Network</a>. Comprising 7,822 km<sup>2</sup>, the geopark highlights the geological heritage of the area such as Cretaceous dinosaur tracks and bone bed and fossils of Triassic fishes and marine reptiles.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinuseo_Falls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kinuseo_Falls.jpg/220px-Kinuseo_Falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kinuseo_Falls.jpg/330px-Kinuseo_Falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kinuseo_Falls.jpg/440px-Kinuseo_Falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Kinuseo Falls in the Monkman Provincial Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Tumbler Ridge's location among the Rocky Mountains has allowed for the development of numerous trail systems for motorized and non-motorized recreation. The trails and open areas span numerous mountains. <a href="/wiki/Kinuseo_Falls" title="Kinuseo Falls">Kinuseo Falls</a> along the Murray River in the <a href="/wiki/Monkman_Provincial_Park" title="Monkman Provincial Park">Monkman Provincial Park</a> is the most popular destination for visitors to Tumbler Ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_Provincial_Parks" title="List of British Columbia Provincial Parks">provincial parks</a> are just outside the municipal boundaries: <a href="/wiki/Bearhole_Lake_Provincial_Park_and_Protected_Area" title="Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area">Bearhole Lake Provincial Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwillim_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Gwillim Lake Provincial Park">Gwillim Lake Provincial Park</a>. </p><p>Annual events held in Tumbler Ridge include the Grizfest Music Festival and the Emperor's Challenge. The Emperor's Challenge is a 21 km (13 mi) <a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">half marathon</a> up Roman Mountain that has been held in August since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grizfest Music Festival (formerly Grizzly Valley Days) is a two-day event held on the August or September long weekend that includes a concert, parade, displays and other community-wide events.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tumbler Ridge has one newspaper published in the community, the locally owned and operated <i>Tumbler Ridgelines</i><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i> It started after the publisher of the <i>Tumbler Ridge News</i> (formerly <i>Community Connections</i>) died in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Tumbler Ridge Observer</i> formerly covered the town and was published by the <i>Peace River Block Daily News</i> in Dawson Creek. No radio station, or television station broadcasts from the town but there are local repeaters for stations from larger centres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg/220px-TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg/330px-TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg/440px-TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1221" /></a><figcaption>Tumbler Ridge district hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The District of Tumbler Ridge's <a href="/wiki/Council-manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager">council-manager</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government">municipal government</a> is headed by a mayor (who also represents Tumbler Ridge on the <a href="/wiki/Peace_River_Regional_District" title="Peace River Regional District">Peace River Regional District</a>'s governing board) and a six-member council; these positions are subject to <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">at-large</a> elections every four years. Keith Bertrand was elected mayor on October 21, 2018, succeeding one-term mayors Don McPherson (2014-2018),<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darwin Wren (2011-2014)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Larry White (2008-2011),<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had all succeeded long-time mayor Mike Caisley. Residents of the District also elect one school trustee to <a href="/wiki/School_District_59_Peace_River_South" title="School District 59 Peace River South">School District 59</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Tumbler Ridge federal election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #6495ED"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">5% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>58</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED"><b>66%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>732</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">12% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>136</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">2% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>26</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">7% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>86</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED"><b>73%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>844</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">7% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>84</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">4% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>43</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Tumbler Ridge provincial election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_British_Columbia" title="Green Party of British Columbia">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #A51B12"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2020 British Columbia general election">2020</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">14% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>95</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#A51B12"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> <b>56%</b></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#A51B12;"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> <i>390</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">0% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>0</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2017 British Columbia general election">2017</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">24% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>149</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#A51B12"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> <b>76%</b></span> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#A51B12;"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> <i>461</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">0% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>0</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>For representation in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislative Assembly of British Columbia">Legislative Assembly of British Columbia</a>, Tumbler Ridge is part of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_River_South" title="Peace River South">Peace River South</a> electoral district which has been represented by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Bernier" title="Mike Bernier">Mike Bernier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia Liberal Party">BC Liberal Party</a> since 2013. Prior to Bernier, the riding was represented by <a href="/wiki/Blair_Lekstrom" title="Blair Lekstrom">Blair Lekstrom</a> who was elected in the <a href="/wiki/2001_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2001 British Columbia general election">2001 provincial election</a>, with 72% support from the town's polls<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2005_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2005 British Columbia general election">2005</a> with 64%<sup id="cite_ref-2005polls_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2005polls-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2009 with 70% support.<sup id="cite_ref-2009polls_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009polls-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before Lekstrom, Peace River South was represented by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Weisgerber" title="Jack Weisgerber">Jack Weisgerber</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Credit Party of British Columbia">Social Credit Party of British Columbia</a> (1986–1994) and <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_British_Columbia" title="Reform Party of British Columbia">Reform Party of British Columbia</a> (1994–2001). In <a href="/wiki/1996_British_Columbia_general_election" title="1996 British Columbia general election">1996</a>, as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_British_Columbia" title="Reform Party of British Columbia">Reform Party</a>, Weisgerber won re-election despite the Tumbler Ridge polls placing him second to the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of British Columbia">New Democratic Party</a> candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Federally, Tumbler Ridge is in the <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%E2%80%94Peace_River%E2%80%94Northern_Rockies" title="Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies">Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies</a> riding, represented in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> by <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Zimmer" title="Bob Zimmer">Bob Zimmer</a>. Before Zimmer, who was elected in May 2011, the riding was represented by <a href="/wiki/Jay_Hill_(politician)" title="Jay Hill (politician)">Jay Hill</a> since <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a>. The riding was represented by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Oberle,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Oberle, Sr.">Frank Oberle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> from 1972 to 1993. Oberle served as Canada's Minister of Science and Technology in 1985 and Minister of Forestry in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BCmunis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BCmunis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713004716/http://www.cscd.gov.bc.ca/lgd/infra/library/Name%20Incorp%202011.xls">"British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">XLS</a>). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cscd.gov.bc.ca/lgd/infra/library/Name%20Incorp%202011.xls">the original</a> on July 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tumbler+Ridge+News&rft.atitle=The+Best+Thing+to+Happen+to+Tumbler+Ridge+Since+Coal&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Trent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftumblerridgenews.com%2Fthe-best-thing-to-happen-to-tumbler-ridge-since-coal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/tumbler-ridge-evacuation-order-1.6870478">"More than 2,000 ordered to evacuate from B.C.'s Tumbler Ridge in UNESCO Global Geopark due to nearby wildfire"</a>. <i>CBC</i>. 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=More+than+2%2C000+ordered+to+evacuate+from+B.C.%27s+Tumbler+Ridge+in+UNESCO+Global+Geopark+due+to+nearby+wildfire&rft.date=2023-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Ftumbler-ridge-evacuation-order-1.6870478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statscan16-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statscan16_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statscan16_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics Canada, <i>2016 Community Profiles</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000259">"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 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(1978), 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson et al. (1978), 97, 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=BC&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=1397&dispBack=0">"Bullmoose, British Columbia"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010</i> (in English and French). Environment Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Incumbents fall, newcomers rise in elections across Northeast B.C.". <i><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Highway_News" title="Alaska Highway News">Alaska Highway News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._John,_British_Columbia" title="Fort St. John, British Columbia">Fort St. John, British Columbia</a>. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Highway+News&rft.atitle=Incumbents+fall%2C+newcomers+rise+in+elections+across+Northeast+B.C.&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft.aulast=Preprost&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStodalka2014" class="citation news cs1">Stodalka, William (November 17, 2014). 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Elections Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Voting+Results+Raw+Data+%28poll+by+poll+results+in+block+1661%29&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fsection%3Dres%26dir%3Drep%2Foff%2F44gedata%26document%3Dbypro%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/44914a35-de9a-4830-ac48-870001ef8935">"Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in nlock 1661)"</a>. Elections BC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Voting+Results+by+polling+station+%28poll+by+poll+results+in+nlock+1661%29&rft.pub=Elections+BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.data.gov.bc.ca%2Fdataset%2F44914a35-de9a-4830-ac48-870001ef8935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elections BC (2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2005polls-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2005polls_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elections BC (2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009polls-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2009polls_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elections BC (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elections BC (1996).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDakers2005" class="citation news cs1">Dakers, Diane (October 23, 2005). "Ottawa memoir sheds light on dysfunctional system". <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Colonist" title="Times Colonist">Times Colonist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a>. p. D10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Colonist&rft.atitle=Ottawa+memoir+sheds+light+on+dysfunctional+system&rft.pages=D10&rft.date=2005-10-23&rft.aulast=Dakers&rft.aufirst=Diane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBC_Stats" class="citation web cs1">BC Stats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730031801/http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/mun/Mun8696a.asp">"British Columbia Municipal Census Populations, 1986–1996"</a>. British Columbia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/mun/Mun8696a.asp">the original</a> on 2012-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Columbia+Municipal+Census+Populations%2C+1986%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=British+Columbia&rft.au=BC+Stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcstats.gov.bc.ca%2Fdata%2Fpop%2Fpop%2Fmun%2FMun8696a.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBC_Stats" class="citation web cs1">BC Stats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120529143842/http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/mun/Mun9606a.asp">"British Columbia Municipal Census Populations, 1996–2006"</a>. British Columbia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/mun/Mun9606a.asp">the original</a> on 2012-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Columbia+Municipal+Census+Populations%2C+1996%E2%80%932006&rft.pub=British+Columbia&rft.au=BC+Stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcstats.gov.bc.ca%2Fdata%2Fpop%2Fpop%2Fmun%2FMun9606a.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBC_Stats2006" class="citation web cs1">BC Stats (September 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/dd/facsheet/cf267.pdf">"Tumbler Ridge District Municipality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Community Facts</i>. British Columbia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Community+Facts&rft.atitle=Tumbler+Ridge+District+Municipality&rft.date=2006-09-08&rft.au=BC+Stats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcstats.gov.bc.ca%2Fdata%2Fdd%2Ffacsheet%2Fcf267.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson_Creek_&_District_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">Dawson Creek & District Chamber of Commerce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116045952/http://www.dawsoncreek.ca/documents/southpeaceprofile.pdf">"A Socio-economic profile of the South Peace River Region, British Columbia, Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2003 Edition. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dawsoncreek.ca/documents/southpeaceprofile.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Socio-economic+profile+of+the+South+Peace+River+Region%2C+British+Columbia%2C+Canada&rft.series=2003+Edition&rft.au=Dawson+Creek+%26+District+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdawsoncreek.ca%2Fdocuments%2Fsouthpeaceprofile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElections_BC2001" class="citation web cs1">Elections BC (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031018000415/http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov01/pcs.pdf">"Peace River South Electoral District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statement of Votes, 2001</i>. British Columbia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov01/pcs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2003-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statement+of+Votes%2C+2001&rft.atitle=Peace+River+South+Electoral+District&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Elections+BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.bc.ca%2Felections%2Fsov01%2Fpcs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElections_BC2005" class="citation web cs1">Elections BC (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060318202536/http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov05/pcs.pdf">"Peace River South Electoral District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statement of Votes, 2005</i>. British Columbia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov05/pcs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statement+of+Votes%2C+2005&rft.atitle=Peace+River+South+Electoral+District&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Elections+BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.bc.ca%2Felections%2Fsov05%2Fpcs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElections_BC1996" class="citation web cs1">Elections BC (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927035548/http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov05/pcs.pdf">"Peace River South Electoral District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>36th Provincial General Election - May 28, 1996</i>. British Columbia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/sov05/pcs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=36th+Provincial+General+Election+-+May+28%2C+1996&rft.atitle=Peace+River+South+Electoral+District&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Elections+BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.bc.ca%2Felections%2Fsov05%2Fpcs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElections_Canada2006" class="citation web cs1">Elections Canada (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2006/default.html">"Prince George—Peace River"</a>. <i>Thirty-ninth General Election 2006 — Poll-by-poll results, Official Voting Results</i>. Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thirty-ninth+General+Election+2006+%E2%80%94+Poll-by-poll+results%2C+Official+Voting+Results&rft.atitle=Prince+George%E2%80%94Peace+River&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Elections+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fscripts%2FOVR2006%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span> (Requires navigation to Prince George—Peace River)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElections_Canada2011" class="citation web cs1">Elections Canada (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/ovr2011/default.html">"Prince George—Peace River"</a>. <i>Forty-First General Election 2011 — Poll-by-poll results, Official Voting Results</i>. Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tumbler+Ridge+gets+%246-million+bail+out&rft.date=2000-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftumbler-ridge-gets-6-million-bail-out-1.205055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Tumbler Ridge looks ready for the builders". <i>Alaska Highway News</i>. 1981-12-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+Highway+News&rft.atitle=Tumbler+Ridge+looks+ready+for+the+builders&rft.date=1981-12-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTumbler_Ridge_Museum_Foundation2008" class="citation web cs1">Tumbler Ridge Museum Foundation (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tumblerridgemuseum.com/">"Tumbler Ridge Museum and Dinosaur Centre"</a>. TumblerRidgeMuseum.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tumbler+Ridge+Museum+and+Dinosaur+Centre&rft.pub=TumblerRidgeMuseum.com&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Tumbler+Ridge+Museum+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblerridgemuseum.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestern_Canadian_Coal2003" class="citation web cs1">Western Canadian Coal (October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://a100.gov.bc.ca/appsdata/epic/documents/p162/d15909/1068139805186_2c79c66f16574c32a5a2aea22076c135.pdf">"Wolverine Coal Project: Revised Project Description"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Environmental Assessment Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolverine+Coal+Project%3A+Revised+Project+Description&rft.pub=Environmental+Assessment+Office&rft.date=2003-10&rft.au=Western+Canadian+Coal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fa100.gov.bc.ca%2Fappsdata%2Fepic%2Fdocuments%2Fp162%2Fd15909%2F1068139805186_2c79c66f16574c32a5a2aea22076c135.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestern_Canadian_Coal2007" class="citation web cs1">Western Canadian Coal (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302093359/http://www.westerncoal.com/properties/index.php">"Properties"</a>. WesternCoal.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westerncoal.com/properties/index.php">the original</a> on 2008-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Properties&rft.pub=WesternCoal.com&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Western+Canadian+Coal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westerncoal.com%2Fproperties%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span> <small>(Requires navigation to <i>Brazion Group</i> and <i>Wolverine Group</i> categories.)</small></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestern_Canadian_Coal2007" class="citation web cs1">Western Canadian Coal (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517235153/http://www.westerncoal.com/properties/wolverine.php">"Wolverine Group"</a>. WesternCoal.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westerncoal.com/properties/wolverine.php">the original</a> on 2008-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wolverine+Group&rft.pub=WesternCoal.com&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Western+Canadian+Coal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westerncoal.com%2Fproperties%2Fwolverine.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATumbler+Ridge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbler_Ridge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tumblerridge.ca/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="/wiki/List_of_regional_districts_of_British_Columbia" title="List of regional districts of British Columbia">Regional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_British_Columbia" title="List of school districts in British Columbia">School districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_districts_of_British_Columbia" title="List of land districts of British Columbia">Land districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_regions_of_Canada#British_Columbia" title="Health regions of Canada">Health regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_British_Columbia" title="Counties of British Columbia">Counties (court system)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of communities in British Columbia">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of municipalities in British Columbia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of cities in British Columbia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_municipalities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of district municipalities in British Columbia">District municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_British_Columbia#Indian_government_districts" title="List of municipalities in British Columbia">Indian government districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_British_Columbia#Island_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in British Columbia">Island municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_British_Columbia#Mountain_resort_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in British Columbia">Mountain resort municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_British_Columbia#Resort_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in British Columbia">Resort municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_British_Columbia" title="List of towns in British Columbia">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_British_Columbia" title="List of villages in British Columbia">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_British_Columbia" title="List of ghost towns in British Columbia">Ghost towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_British_Columbia" title="List of Indian reserves in British Columbia">Indian reserves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metro areas and<br />agglomerations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_British_Columbia" title="Abbotsford, British Columbia">Abbotsford</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_British_Columbia" title="Mission, British Columbia">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilliwack" title="Chilliwack">Chilliwack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamloops" title="Kamloops">Kamloops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Kelowna" title="Greater Kelowna">Greater Kelowna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaimo" title="Nanaimo">Nanaimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" title="Greater Vancouver">Greater Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Vernon" title="Greater Vernon">Greater Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Victoria" title="Greater Victoria">Greater Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_agglomerations_in_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of census agglomerations in British Columbia">Census agglomerations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_municipalities_in_British_Columbia" title="List of district municipalities in British Columbia">District municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barriere,_British_Columbia" title="Barriere, British Columbia">Barriere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Saanich,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Saanich, British Columbia">Central Saanich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetwynd,_British_Columbia" title="Chetwynd, British Columbia">Chetwynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater,_British_Columbia" title="Clearwater, British Columbia">Clearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldstream,_British_Columbia" title="Coldstream, British Columbia">Coldstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta,_British_Columbia" title="Delta, British Columbia">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkford" title="Elkford">Elkford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquimalt" title="Esquimalt">Esquimalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._James" title="Fort St. James">Fort St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_British_Columbia" title="Highlands, British Columbia">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope,_British_Columbia" title="Hope, British Columbia">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_British_Columbia" title="Houston, British Columbia">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Hope" title="Hudson's Hope">Hudson's Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invermere,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Invermere, British Columbia">Invermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent,_British_Columbia" title="Kent, British Columbia">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Country" title="Lake Country">Lake Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley,_British_Columbia_(district_municipality)" title="Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)">Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantzville,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantzville, British Columbia">Lantzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillooet" title="Lillooet">Lillooet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Lake" title="Logan Lake">Logan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie,_British_Columbia" title="Mackenzie, British Columbia">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Ridge,_British_Columbia" title="Maple Ridge, British Columbia">Maple Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metchosin" title="Metchosin">Metchosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hazelton" title="New Hazelton">New Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Cowichan" title="North Cowichan">North Cowichan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Saanich" title="North Saanich">North Saanich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Vancouver_(district_municipality)" title="North Vancouver (district municipality)">North Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Bay,_British_Columbia" title="Oak Bay, British Columbia">Oak Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Mile_House,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Mile House, British Columbia">100 Mile House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peachland" title="Peachland">Peachland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Edward,_British_Columbia" title="Port Edward, British Columbia">Port Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hardy,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Hardy, British Columbia">Port Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saanich,_British_Columbia" title="Saanich, British Columbia">Saanich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechelt" title="Sechelt">Sechelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicamous" title="Sicamous">Sicamous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooke" title="Sooke">Sooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spallumcheen" title="Spallumcheen">Spallumcheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparwood,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparwood, British Columbia">Sparwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamish,_British_Columbia" title="Squamish, British Columbia">Squamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart,_British_Columbia" title="Stewart, British Columbia">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerland,_British_Columbia" title="Summerland, British Columbia">Summerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_British_Columbia" title="Taylor, British Columbia">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofino" title="Tofino">Tofino</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tumbler Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucluelet" title="Ucluelet">Ucluelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderhoof,_British_Columbia" title="Vanderhoof, British Columbia">Vanderhoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_British_Columbia" title="Wells, British Columbia">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kelowna" title="West Kelowna">West Kelowna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Vancouver" title="West Vancouver">West Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Columbia" title="Category:British Columbia">Category:British Columbia</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_British_Columbia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject British Columbia">WikiProject:British Columbia</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_Rockies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Rockies" title="Template:Canadian Rockies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Rockies" title="Template talk:Canadian Rockies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Rockies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Rockies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Rockies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rockies" title="Canadian Rockies">Canadian Rockies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Range" title="Ball Range">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Range" title="Bare Range">Bare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaverfoot_Range" title="Beaverfoot Range">Beaverfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Range" title="Blue Range">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Range" title="Bow Range">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Range" title="Crowsnest Range">Crowsnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Range_(Canada)" title="Elk Range (Canada)">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairholme_Range" title="Fairholme Range">Fairholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle_Range" title="Fiddle Range">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_Range_(Canada)" title="Flathead Range (Canada)">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Foothills" title="Rocky Mountain Foothills">Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Rock_Range" title="High Rock Range">High Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kananaskis_Range" title="Kananaskis Range">Kananaskis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingstone_Range_(Canada)" title="Livingstone Range (Canada)">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Range" title="Lizard Range">Lizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maligne_Range" title="Maligne Range">Maligne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Range" title="Massive Range">Massive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Range" title="Misty Range">Misty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey_Ridge" title="Morrissey Ridge">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliser_Range" title="Palliser Range">Palliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Range" title="President Range">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Ranges" title="Queen Elizabeth Ranges">Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Range_(Rocky_Mountains)" title="Rainbow Range (Rocky Mountains)">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Range" title="Ram Range">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawback_Range" title="Sawback Range">Sawback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Range_(Canada)" title="Sentinel Range (Canada)">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_Range_(Alberta)" title="Slate Range (Alberta)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Jasper_Ranges" title="South Jasper Ranges">South Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Range" title="Sundance Range">Sundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_Range" title="Terminal Range">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_Range" title="Tower of London Range">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Range_(Alberta)" title="Vermilion Range (Alberta)">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross_Ranges" title="Victoria Cross Ranges">Victoria Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waputik_Range" title="Waputik Range">Waputik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Range" title="Winston Churchill Range">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Ranges" title="Continental Ranges">Continental Ranges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hart_Ranges" title="Hart Ranges">Hart Ranges</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskwa_Ranges" title="Muskwa Ranges">Muskwa Ranges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Alberta" title="Mount Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Andromeda_(Alberta)" title="Mount Andromeda (Alberta)">Andromeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Assiniboine" title="Mount Assiniboine">Assiniboine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athabasca" title="Mount Athabasca">Athabasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Brazeau" title="Mount Brazeau">Brazeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bryce" title="Mount Bryce">Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Cascade Mountain (Alberta)">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountain" title="Castle Mountain">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleguard_Mountain" title="Castleguard Mountain">Castleguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Clemenceau" title="Mount Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Columbia_(Canada)" title="Mount Columbia (Canada)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cory_(Alberta)" title="Mount Cory (Alberta)">Cory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Edith_Cavell" title="Mount Edith Cavell">Edith Cavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Forbes" title="Mount Forbes">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hector_(Alberta)" title="Mount Hector (Alberta)">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hosmer_(British_Columbia)" title="Mount Hosmer (British Columbia)">Hosmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hungabee" title="Mount Hungabee">Hungabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Joffre" title="Mount Joffre">Joffre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kitchener" title="Mount Kitchener">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lyell_(Canada)" title="Mount Lyell (Canada)">Lyell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Heart Mountain (Alberta)">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Pilot Mountain (Alberta)">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Pyramid Mountain (Alberta)">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resplendent_Mountain" title="Resplendent Mountain">Resplendent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Robson" title="Mount Robson">Robson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rundle" title="Mount Rundle">Rundle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sarbach" title="Mount Sarbach">Sarbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saskatchewan_(Alberta)" title="Mount Saskatchewan (Alberta)">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Smythe_(Alberta)" title="Mount Smythe (Alberta)">Smythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Dome_(Canada)" title="Snow Dome (Canada)">Snow Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Peak_(Ball_Range)" title="Stanley Peak (Ball Range)">Stanley Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Mountain_(Alberta)" title="Sulphur Mountain (Alberta)">Sulphur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Temple_(Alberta)" title="Mount Temple (Alberta)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(Alberta)" title="The Three Sisters (Alberta)">Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(Elk_Valley)" title="Three Sisters (Elk Valley)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Twin_Peak" title="North Twin Peak">Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ulysses" title="Mount Ulysses">Ulysses</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unnamed_Alberta%E2%80%93BC_mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Unnamed Alberta–BC mountain">Unnamed Alberta–BC mountain</a></i> (formerly Mount Pétain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Whymper_(Edward)" title="Mount Whymper (Edward)">Whymper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot_Pass" title="Abbot Pass">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Pass" title="Athabasca Pass">Athabasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Pass" title="Bush Pass">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcajou_Pass" title="Carcajou Pass">Carcajou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Pass" title="Crowsnest Pass">Crowsnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_Pass" title="Elbow Pass">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Pass_(Canada)" title="Elk Pass (Canada)">Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_Pass_(Canadian_Rockies)" title="Fortress Pass (Canadian Rockies)">Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Pass" title="Fraser Pass">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highwood_Pass" title="Highwood Pass">Highwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howse_Pass" title="Howse Pass">Howse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Pass" title="Jarvis Pass">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kananaskis_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kananaskis Pass (page does not exist)">Kananaskis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicking_Horse_Pass" title="Kicking Horse Pass">Kicking Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkman_Pass" title="Monkman Pass">Monkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muncho_Pass" title="Muncho Pass">Muncho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Kananaskis_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Kananaskis Pass (page does not exist)">North Kananaskis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliser_Pass" title="Palliser Pass">Palliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Pass" title="Pine Pass">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_Pass" title="Simpson Pass">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Pass" title="Sinclair Pass">Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Pass_(British_Columbia)" title="Summit Pass (British Columbia)">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwapta_Pass" title="Sunwapta Pass">Sunwapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonquin_Pass" title="Tonquin Pass">Tonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Pass" title="Vermilion Pass">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapiti_Pass" title="Wapiti Pass">Wapiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Man_Pass" title="White Man Pass">White Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_Pass" title="Yellowhead Pass">Yellowhead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Glacier" title="Athabasca Glacier">Athabasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Glacier" title="Bow Glacier">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Icefield" title="Columbia Icefield">Columbia Icefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowfoot_Glacier" title="Crowfoot Glacier">Crowfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Glacier" title="Hector Glacier">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyto_Glacier" title="Peyto Glacier">Peyto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Glacier" title="Saskatchewan Glacier">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_Glacier_(Alberta)" title="Vulture Glacier (Alberta)">Vulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapta_Icefield" title="Wapta Icefield">Wapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waputik_Icefield" title="Waputik Icefield">Waputik Icefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">see <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Canadian_Rockies" title="List of rivers of the Canadian Rockies">List of rivers of the Canadian Rockies</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_the_Canadian_Rockies" title="Category:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies">Category:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakoda_(Stoney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakoda (Stoney)">Mountain Stoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Alberta#The_Mountain_M.C3.A9tis" title="Métis in Alberta">Mountain Metis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and protected areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rocky_Mountain_Parks_World_Heritage_Site" title="Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site">Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Waterton Biosphere Reserve">Waterton Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton-Glacier_International_Peace_Park" title="Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park">Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Parks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Banff_National_Park" title="Banff National Park">Banff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasper_National_Park" title="Jasper National Park">Jasper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kootenay_National_Park" title="Kootenay National Park">Kootenay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoho_National_Park" title="Yoho National Park">Yoho</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waterton_Lakes_National_Park" title="Waterton Lakes National Park">Waterton Lakes</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Historic Sites</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasper_House" title="Jasper House">Jasper House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Park_Information_Centre" title="Jasper Park Information Centre">Jasper Park Information Centre</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_Pass" title="Yellowhead Pass">Yellowhead Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Pass" title="Athabasca Pass">Athabasca Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howse_Pass" title="Howse Pass">Howse Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kootenae_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Kootenae House">Kootenae House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kicking_Horse_Pass" title="Kicking Horse Pass">Kicking Horse Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skoki_Ski_Lodge" title="Skoki Ski Lodge">Skoki Ski Lodge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls_Tea_House" title="Twin Falls Tea House">Twin Falls Tea House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abbot_Pass_hut" title="Abbot Pass hut">Abbot Pass Refuge Cabin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cave_and_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave and Basin">Cave and Basin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Banff_Park_Museum" title="Banff Park Museum">Banff Park Museum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Mountain_Cosmic_Ray_Station" title="Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station">Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Oil_Well_in_Western_Canada" title="First Oil Well in Western Canada">First Oil Well in Western Canada</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Provincial (AB)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Parks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bow_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Bow Valley Provincial Park">Bow Valley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bragg_Creek_Provincial_Park" title="Bragg Creek Provincial Park">Bragg Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elbow-Sheep_Wildland_Provincial_Park" title="Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park">Elbow-Sheep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ghost_River_Wilderness_Area" title="Ghost River Wilderness Area">Ghost River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kananaskis_Country" title="Kananaskis Country">Kananaskis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed_Provincial_Park" title="Peter Lougheed Provincial Park">Peter Lougheed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sheep_River_Provincial_Park" title="Sheep River Provincial Park">Sheep River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siffleur_Wilderness_Area" title="Siffleur Wilderness Area">Siffleur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spray_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Spray Valley Provincial Park">Spray Valley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/White_Goat_Wilderness_Area" title="White Goat Wilderness Area">White Goat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willmore_Wilderness_Park" title="Willmore Wilderness Park">Willmore</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Historic Sites</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Slide" title="Frank Slide">Frank Slide</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Provincial (BC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akamina-Kishinena_Provincial_Park" title="Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park">Akamina-Kishinena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_To_The_Edge_Provincial_Park_and_Protected_Area" title="Close To The Edge Provincial Park and Protected Area">Close To The Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune_Za_Keyih_Provincial_Park_and_Protected_Area" title="Dune Za Keyih Provincial Park and Protected Area">Dune Za Keyih (Frog-Gataga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk_Lakes_Provincial_Park" title="Elk Lakes Provincial Park">Elk Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham-Laurier_Provincial_Park" title="Graham-Laurier Provincial Park">Graham-Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamber_Provincial_Park" title="Hamber Provincial Park">Hamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_of_the_Rockies_Provincial_Park" title="Height of the Rockies Provincial Park">Height of the Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole-in-the-Wall_Provincial_Park" title="Hole-in-the-Wall Provincial Park">Hole-in-the-Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakwa_Provincial_Park_and_Protected_Area" title="Kakwa Provincial Park and Protected Area">Kakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikomun_Creek_Provincial_Park" title="Kikomun Creek Provincial Park">Kikomun Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwadacha_Wilderness_Provincial_Park" title="Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park">Kwadacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Assiniboine_Provincial_Park" title="Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park">Mount Assiniboine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fernie_Provincial_Park" title="Mount Fernie Provincial Park">Mount Fernie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Robson_Provincial_Park" title="Mount Robson Provincial Park">Mount Robson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muncho_Lake_Provincial_Park" title="Muncho Lake Provincial Park">Muncho Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rocky_Mountains_Provincial_Park" title="Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park">Northern Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Le_Moray_Provincial_Park" title="Pine Le Moray Provincial Park">Pine Le Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain_Provincial_Park" title="Stone Mountain Provincial Park">Stone Mountain</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Muskwa-Kechika_Management_Area" title="Muskwa-Kechika Management Area">Muskwa-Kechika</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ski resorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountain_Resort" title="Castle Mountain Resort">Castle Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernie_Alpine_Resort" title="Fernie Alpine Resort">Fernie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_Mountain_Resort" title="Fortress Mountain Resort">Fortress Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Louise_Ski_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Louise Ski Area">Lake Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Mac_Ski_Hill" title="Little Mac Ski Hill">Little Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot_Basin" title="Marmot Basin">Marmot Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt_Norquay" title="Mt Norquay">Mount Norquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakiska" title="Nakiska">Nakiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_King_Mountain_Resort" title="Powder King Mountain Resort">Powder King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunshine Village">Sunshine Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banff,_Alberta" title="Banff, Alberta">Banff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canmore,_Alberta" title="Canmore, Alberta">Canmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowsnest_Pass,_Alberta" title="Crowsnest Pass, Alberta">Crowsnest Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkford" title="Elkford">Elkford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernie,_British_Columbia" title="Fernie, British Columbia">Fernie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field,_British_Columbia" title="Field, British Columbia">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Alberta" title="Jasper, Alberta">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Louise,_Alberta" title="Lake Louise, Alberta">Lake Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparwood,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparwood, British Columbia">Sparwood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tumbler Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valemount" title="Valemount">Valemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterton_Park,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterton Park, Alberta">Waterton Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecozone and ecoregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Environmental_Cooperation" title="Commission for Environmental Cooperation">CEC</a> ecozones</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreal_Cordillera" title="Boreal Cordillera">Boreal Cordillera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montane_Cordillera" title="Montane Cordillera">Montane Cordillera</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">WWF</a> ecoregions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Mountain_forests" title="Alberta Mountain forests">Alberta Mountain forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta%E2%80%93British_Columbia_foothills_forests" title="Alberta–British Columbia foothills forests">Alberta–British Columbia foothills forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Rockies_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Rockies forest">North Central Rockies forest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and 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class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/26px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/34px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada</a></li><li 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