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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_Image_Transport_System" title="Flexible Image Transport System – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flexible Image Transport System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="سیستم قابل تنظیم انتقال تصویر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم قابل تنظیم انتقال تصویر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_Image_Transport_System" title="Flexible Image Transport System – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flexible Image Transport System" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITS" title="FITS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="FITS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/FITS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="FITS (disambiguation)">FITS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">FITS</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.fits</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.fit</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.fts</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> image/fits<br />application/fits<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">IAU FITS Working Group<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">1981<span class="noprint">; 44 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">4.0<br />July 2016<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2016-07</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">image format</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structured_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured data">structured data</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov">fits<wbr />.gsfc<wbr />.nasa<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Flexible Image Transport System</b> (<b>FITS</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standard</a> defining a digital <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file format</a> useful for storage, transmission and processing of data: formatted as multi-dimensional arrays (for example a 2D image), or tables.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FITS is the most commonly used digital <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file format</a> in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>. The FITS standard was designed specifically for astronomical data, and includes provisions such as describing <a href="/wiki/Photometry_(optics)" title="Photometry (optics)">photometric</a> and spatial calibration information, together with image origin metadata. </p><p>The FITS format was first standardized in 1981;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has evolved gradually since then, and the most recent version (4.0) was standardized in 2016. FITS was designed with an eye towards long-term archival storage, and the maxim <i>once FITS, always FITS</i> represents the requirement that developments to the format must be <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward compatible">backward compatible</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Image_metadata" class="mw-redirect" title="Image metadata">Image metadata</a> is stored in a human-readable <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> header. The information in this header is designed to calculate the byte offset of some information in the subsequent data unit to support direct access to the data cells. Each FITS file consists of one or more headers containing ASCII <a href="/wiki/Card_image" title="Card image">card images</a> (80 character fixed-length strings) that carry keyword/value pairs, interleaved between data blocks. The keyword/value pairs provide information such as size, origin, coordinates, binary data format, free-form comments, history of the data, and anything else the creator desires: while many keywords are reserved for FITS use, the standard allows arbitrary use of the rest of the name-space. </p><p>FITS is also often used to store non-image data, such as <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">spectra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">photon</a> lists, <a href="/wiki/Data_cube" title="Data cube">data cubes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Structured_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured data">structured data</a> such as multi-table <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>. A FITS file may contain several extensions, and each of these may contain a data object. For example, it is possible to store <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">x-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> exposures in the same file. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest and still most commonly used type of FITS data is an image header/data block.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The term 'image' is somewhat loosely applied, as the format supports data arrays of arbitrary dimension—normal image data are usually 2-D or 3-D, with the third dimension representing for example time or the color plane. The data themselves may be in one of several integer and floating-point formats, specified in the header. </p><p>FITS image headers can contain information about one or more scientific <a href="/wiki/Coordinate_system" title="Coordinate system">coordinate systems</a> that are overlaid on the image itself. Images contain an implicit <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian coordinate system</a> that describes the location of each pixel in the image, but scientific uses usually require working in 'world' coordinates, for example the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial coordinate system">celestial coordinate system</a>. As FITS has been generalized from its original form, the world coordinate system (WCS) specifications have become more and more sophisticated: early FITS images allowed a simple scaling factor to represent the size of the pixels; but recent versions of the standard permit multiple nonlinear coordinate systems, representing arbitrary distortions of the image. The WCS standard includes many different <a href="/wiki/Spherical_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Spherical projection">spherical projections</a>, including, for example, the <a href="/wiki/HEALPix" title="HEALPix">HEALPix</a> spherical projection widely used in observing the <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic microwave background radiation">cosmic microwave background radiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FITS also supports tabular data with named columns and multidimensional rows. Both binary and ASCII table formats have been specified. The data in each column of the table can be in a different format from the others. Together with the ability to string multiple header/data blocks together, this allows FITS files to represent entire <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAOImage-DS9.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SAOImage-DS9.png/220px-SAOImage-DS9.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SAOImage-DS9.png/330px-SAOImage-DS9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SAOImage-DS9.png/440px-SAOImage-DS9.png 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>SAOImage DS9 in <a href="/wiki/FVWM" title="FVWM">FVWM2</a></figcaption></figure> <p>FITS support is available in a variety of programming languages that are used for scientific work, including <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FITSIO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FITSIO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FITSIO_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FITSIO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IGOR_Pro" title="IGOR Pro">IGOR Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interactive_data_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive data language">IDL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FITSIO.jl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FITSIO.jl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a>, <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perl_Data_Language" title="Perl Data Language">Perl Data Language</a> (PDL), <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>. The FITS Support Office at <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">GSFC</a> maintains a list of libraries and platforms that currently support FITS.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Image processing programs such as <a href="/wiki/ImageJ" title="ImageJ">ImageJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhotoLine" title="PhotoLine">PhotoLine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chasys_Draw_IES" title="Chasys Draw IES">Chasys Draw IES</a>, <a href="/wiki/XnView" title="XnView">XnView</a> and <a href="/wiki/IrfanView" title="IrfanView">IrfanView</a> can generally read simple FITS images, but frequently cannot interpret more complex tables and databases. Scientific teams frequently write their own code to interact with their FITS data, using the tools available in their language of choice. The <a href="/wiki/FITS_Liberator" title="FITS Liberator">FITS Liberator</a> software is used by imaging scientists at the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">European Southern Observatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SAOImage DS9 Astronomical Data Visualization Application<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is available for many OSs, and handles images and headers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many scientific computing environments make use of the coordinate system data in the FITS header to display, compare, rectify, or otherwise manipulate FITS images. Examples are the coordinate transform library included with PDL, the PLOT MAP library in the <a href="/wiki/Solarsoft" title="Solarsoft">Solarsoft</a> solar-physics-related software tree, the <a href="/wiki/Starlink_Project" title="Starlink Project">Starlink Project</a> AST library in C, and the PyFITS package in Python, now merged into the <a href="/wiki/Astropy" title="Astropy">Astropy</a> library.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status">Current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FITS standard version 4.0 was officially approved by the <a href="/wiki/IAU" class="mw-redirect" title="IAU">IAU</a> FITS Working Group in July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Release history </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>FITS version </th> <th>Support level </th> <th>Release date </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td>Current standard </td> <td>July 2016<sup id="cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Final 'language-edited' version formally approved on 13 August 2018<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0 </td> <td>Old standard; still supported </td> <td>July 2008<sup id="cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.1b </td> <td>Old standard; still supported </td> <td>December 2005<sup id="cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Added support for 64-bit integer primary arrays and image extensions </td></tr> <tr> <td>NOST 100-2.0 </td> <td>Old standard; still supported </td> <td>March 1999<sup id="cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>NOST 100-1.0 </td> <td>Old standard; still supported </td> <td>June 1993<sup id="cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Scientific_Data_Format" title="Advanced Scientific Data Format">Advanced Scientific Data Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS_Liberator" title="FITS Liberator">FITS Liberator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format" title="Hierarchical Data Format">Hierarchical Data Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Data_Format" title="Common Data Format">Common Data Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetCDF" title="NetCDF">NetCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture_Photometry_Tool" title="Aperture Photometry Tool">Aperture Photometry Tool</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/rfc4047.txt">MIME Sub-type Registrations for Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)</a>, rfc4047.txt</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/iaufwg/iaufwg.html">"IAU FITS Working Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAU+FITS+Working+Group&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffits.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fiaufwg%2Fiaufwg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530040016/http://www.vaticanlibrary.va/moduli/Allegrezza_EWASS2012.pdf">"Flexible Image Transport System: a new standard file format for long-term preservation projects?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. 2012-07-05. 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W.; Calabretta, M. R. (December 2002). "Representations of world coordinates in FITS". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>395</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1061–</span>1075. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207407">astro-ph/0207407</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002A&A...395.1061G">2002A&A...395.1061G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20021326">10.1051/0004-6361:20021326</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3248582">3248582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Representations+of+world+coordinates+in+FITS&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1061-%3C%2Fspan%3E1075&rft.date=2002-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0207407&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3248582%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20021326&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002A%26A...395.1061G&rft.aulast=Greisen&rft.aufirst=E.+W.&rft.au=Calabretta%2C+M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FITSIO-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FITSIO_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FITSIO_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/software.html">"HEASARC Software"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HEASARC+Software&rft.pub=NASA+Goddard+Space+Flight+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fsoftware.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FITSIO.jl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FITSIO.jl_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/JuliaAstro/FITSIO.jl">"FITSIO.jl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 15 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=FITSIO.jl&rft.date=2022-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FJuliaAstro%2FFITSIO.jl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_libraries.html">"FITS I/O Libraries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FITS+I%2FO+Libraries&rft.pub=NASA+Goddard+Space+Flight+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffits.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Ffits_libraries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/projects/fits_liberator/">"The ESA/ESO/NASA FITS Liberator 3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ESA%2FESO%2FNASA+FITS+Liberator+3&rft.pub=ESA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fprojects%2Ffits_liberator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/cfa.harvard.edu/saoimageds9">"SAOImageDS9"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAOImageDS9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fcfa.harvard.edu%2Fsaoimageds9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/RD/ds9/">"SAOImage DS9: Astronomical Data Visualization Application"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics" title="Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics">Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAOImage+DS9%3A+Astronomical+Data+Visualization+Application&rft.pub=Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian+Center+for+Astrophysics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhea-www.harvard.edu%2FRD%2Fds9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150726152333/http://www.stsci.edu/institute/software_hardware/pyfits">"PyFITS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institute" title="Space Telescope Science Institute">Space Telescope Science Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stsci.edu/institute/software_hardware/pyfits/">the original</a> on 2015-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PyFITS&rft.pub=Space+Telescope+Science+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stsci.edu%2Finstitute%2Fsoftware_hardware%2Fpyfits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFITS_Working_Group2016" class="citation web cs1">FITS Working Group (2016-07-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/standard40/fits_standard40aa.pdf">"Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+the+Flexible+Image+Transport+System+%28FITS%29&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.au=FITS+Working+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffits.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fstandard40%2Ffits_standard40aa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_news.html">"Recent FITS Activities and Issues"</a>. 2016-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recent+FITS+Activities+and+Issues&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffits.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Ffits_news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StandardDocument-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StandardDocument_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_standard.html">FITS Standard Document</a>, FITS Documentation Page, High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/standard40/fits_standard40aa-le.pdf">"Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i>. 2018-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Definition+of+the+Flexible+Image+Transport+System+%28FITS%29&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffits.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fstandard40%2Ffits_standard40aa-le.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFITS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FITS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov">Official website</a></span></span>, NASA Goddard Support Office</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_resources.html">A Primer on the FITS Data Format</a>, NASA Goddard Support Office</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/birthday.news">FITS Birthday Announcement</a> - Historical note from Don Wells on the events leading up to the 'birth' of the FITS format in 1979.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/fits_libraries.html">FITS I/O Libraries</a>, a list of software for reading and writing FITS files for various languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/cfa.harvard.edu/saoimageds9">SAOImage DS9</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)">ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)">FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix">FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)">HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)">ICO/CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard">ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics">JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG_LS" title="Lossless JPEG">JPEG LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita">KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format">MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data">NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster">ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm">PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm">PBM/PGM/PPM/PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format">PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop">PSD/PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster">RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format">RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact">UFO/UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap">XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd">XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format">CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW">CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile">EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format">HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)">Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exchangeable image file format (<a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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