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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economic definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Social definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Housing statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Housing conditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Housing_conditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Housing conditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Housing_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.11</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.12</span> <span>West Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.13</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.14</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._and_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._and_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.15</span> <span>U.S. and Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._and_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Household</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أسرة معيشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسرة معيشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8D%CD%98_(j%C3%AEn-kh%C3%A1u-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Hō͘ (jîn-kháu-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hō͘ (jîn-kháu-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Домакинство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домакинство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priwathaushoit" title="Priwathaushoit – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Priwathaushoit" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_familiar" title="Nucli familiar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nucli familiar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1cnost" title="Domácnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Domácnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husstand" title="Husstand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Husstand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privathaushalt" title="Privathaushalt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Privathaushalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibkond" title="Leibkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leibkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_familiar" title="Núcleo familiar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Núcleo familiar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domanaro" title="Domanaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Domanaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkarbizitza_unitate" title="Elkarbizitza unitate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elkarbizitza unitate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خانوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nage" title="Ménage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ménage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAsh%C3%A2lding" title="Húshâlding – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Húshâlding" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_familiar" title="Núcleo familiar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Núcleo familiar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_(%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0)" title="세대 (법률) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세대 (법률)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տնային տնտեսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տնային տնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%87anstvo" title="Kućanstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kućanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_tangga" title="Rumah tangga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumah tangga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_familiare" title="Nucleo familiare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nucleo familiare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="משק בית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משק בית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კომლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaya" title="Kaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81jsaimniec%C4%ABba" title="Mājsaimniecība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mājsaimniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stot" title="Stot – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stot" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C5%B3_%C5%ABkis" title="Namų ūkis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Namų ūkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ztart%C3%A1s" title="Háztartás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háztartás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Домаќинство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Домаќинство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokantrano" title="Tokantrano – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tokantrano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi_rumah" title="Isi rumah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Isi rumah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huishouden" title="Huishouden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huishouden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E5%B8%AF" title="世帯 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xonadon_xo%CA%BBjaligi" title="Xonadon xoʻjaligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xonadon xoʻjaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodarstwo_domowe" title="Gospodarstwo domowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gospodarstwo domowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agregado_familiar" title="Agregado familiar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Agregado familiar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Домохозяйство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домохозяйство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household" title="Household – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Household" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%88" title="گھراڻو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گھراڻو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1cnos%C5%A5" title="Domácnosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Domácnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodinjstvo" title="Gospodinjstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gospodinjstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87instvo" title="Domaćinstvo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Domaćinstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87instvo" title="Domaćinstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Domaćinstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotitalous_(taloustiede)" title="Kotitalous (taloustiede) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kotitalous (taloustiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hush%C3%A5ll" title="Hushåll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hushåll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D1%83%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Йорт хуҗалыгы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йорт хуҗалыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ครัวเรือน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ครัวเรือน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanehalk%C4%B1" title="Hanehalkı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hanehalkı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Домашні господарства – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Домашні господарства" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh" title="Hộ gia đình – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hộ gia đình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B7" title="户 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="户" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%88%B6" title="住戶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="住戶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B6" title="戶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an economic, social, or socioeconomic grouping. For the author, see <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Household" title="Geoffrey Household">Geoffrey Household</a>. For the American band, see <a href="/wiki/Household_(band)" title="Household (band)">Household (band)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Household" title="Special:EditPage/Household">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Household" title="Talk:Household">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Household" title="Talk:Household">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a man feeding a baby, two women and another child" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg/260px-Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg/390px-Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg/520px-Aime_Pez_Familienidylle_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5095" data-file-height="4019" /></a><figcaption><i>Familienidylle</i> by Aimé Pez, 1839</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>household</b> consists of one or more persons who live in the same <a href="/wiki/Dwelling" title="Dwelling">dwelling</a>. It may be of a single <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family</a> or another type of person group.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, <a href="/wiki/Microeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Microeconomic">microeconomic</a> and government models, and is important to <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Household models include families, <a href="/wiki/Blended_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Blended families">blended families</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roommate" title="Roommate">shared housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_home" title="Group home">group homes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">boarding houses</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_in_multiple_occupation" title="House in multiple occupation">houses of multiple occupancy</a> (UK), and <a href="/wiki/Single_room_occupancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Single room occupancy">single room occupancy</a> (US). In <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> societies, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">royal household</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_household" title="Medieval household">medieval households</a> of the wealthy included <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">servants</a> and other retainers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_definitions">Government definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Government definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For statistical purposes in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, a household is defined as "one person or a group of people who have the accommodation as their only or main residence and for a group, either share at least one <a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">meal</a> a day or share the living accommodation, that is, a <a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">living room</a> or sitting room".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of legislation to control houses of multiple occupations in the UK Housing Act (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-Housing_Act_2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housing_Act_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> required a tighter definition of a single household. People can be considered a household if they are related: full- or half-blood, foster, step-parent/child, in-laws (and equivalent for unmarried couples), a married couple or unmarried but "living as ..." (same- or different-sex couples).<sup id="cite_ref-www.getrentback.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.getrentback.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a> definition also hinges on "separate living quarters": "those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other persons in the building."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the U.S. census, a householder is the "person (or one of the people) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented (maintained)"; if no person qualifies, any adult resident of a housing unit is considered a householder. The U.S. government formerly used "head of the household" and "head of the family", but those terms were replaced with "householder" in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the census definition of a household, it </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... includes all the persons who occupy a housing unit. A housing unit is a house, an apartment, a mobile home, a group of rooms, or a single room that is occupied (or if vacant, is intended for occupancy) as separate living quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other persons in the building and which have direct access from the outside of the building or through a common hall. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons who share living arrangements. (People not living in households are classified as living in group quarters.)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On July 15, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> said: "A household is generally defined as being composed of a person or group of persons who co-reside in, or occupy, a dwelling."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_definition"><span class="anchor" id="Economic_theories"></span>Economic definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Household" title="Special:EditPage/Household">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although a one-income-stream economic theory simplifies modeling, it does not necessarily reflect reality. Many, if not most, households have several income-earning members. Most economic models do not equate households and traditional families, and there is not always a one-to-one relationship between households and families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_definitions"><span class="anchor" id="Social"></span>Social definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">social work</a>, a household is defined similarly: a residential group in which <a href="/wiki/Homemaking" title="Homemaking">housework</a> is divided and performed by householders. <a href="/wiki/Carer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carer">Care</a> may be delivered by one householder to another, depending upon their respective needs, abilities, and (perhaps) <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a>. Household composition may affect life and health expectations and outcomes for its members.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usyd_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usyd-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eligibility for <a href="/wiki/Home_care" title="Home care">community services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">welfare</a> benefits may depend upon household composition.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, household work strategy (a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Pahl" title="Ray Pahl">Ray Pahl</a> in his 1984 book, <i>Divisions of Labour</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labour" title="Division of labour">division of labour</a> among members of a household. Household work strategies vary over the life cycle as household members age, or with the economic environment; they may be imposed by one person, or be decided collectively.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a> examines how <a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">gender roles</a> affect the division of labour in households. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Shift" title="The Second Shift">The Second Shift</a></i> and <i>The Time Bind</i>, sociologist <a href="/wiki/Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Arlie Russell Hochschild</a> presents evidence that in two-career couples men and women spend about equal amounts of time working; however, women spend more time on housework.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Cathy Young</a> (another feminist writer) says that in some cases, women may prevent the equal participation of men in housework and parenting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models"><span class="anchor" id="Household_models"></span>Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Household" title="Special:EditPage/Household">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Household models in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a> include traditional and blended families, shared housing, and <a href="/wiki/Group_home" title="Group home">group homes</a> for people with support needs. Other models which may meet definitions of a household include <a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">boarding houses</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_in_multiple_occupation" title="House in multiple occupation">houses in multiple occupation</a> (UK), and <a href="/wiki/Single_room_occupancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Single room occupancy">single room occupancy</a> (US). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Household" title="Special:EditPage/Household">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocratic</a> societies, a household may include servants or retainers who derive their income from the household's principal income. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Housing_statistics"><span class="anchor" id="Historical_statistics_on_housing"></span>Housing statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Housing statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Dwellings with bathrooms<sup id="cite_ref-bookshop.europa.eu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookshop.europa.eu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Country </th> <th valign="top">1960 </th> <th valign="top">1970 </th> <th valign="top">1980 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>23.6% </td> <td>49.1% </td> <td>73.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>39.4% </td> <td>73.1% </td> <td>85.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>28.0% </td> <td>48.9% </td> <td>85.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>51.9% </td> <td>71.5% </td> <td>92.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>10.4% </td> <td>- </td> <td>69.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>33.0% </td> <td>55.3% </td> <td>82.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>10.7% </td> <td>64.5% </td> <td>86.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>45.7% </td> <td>69.4% </td> <td>86.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>30.3% </td> <td>75.5% </td> <td>95.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>18.6% </td> <td>- </td> <td>58% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>24.0% </td> <td>77.8% </td> <td>85.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>78.3% </td> <td>90.9% </td> <td>98.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Indoor WC, bath/shower and hot running water (1988)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Indoor WC</th> <th>Bath/shower</th> <th>Hot running water </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium</td> <td>94%</td> <td>92%</td> <td>87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Denmark</td> <td>97%</td> <td>94%</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>94%</td> <td>93%</td> <td>95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany</td> <td>99%</td> <td>97%</td> <td>98% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece</td> <td>85%</td> <td>85%</td> <td>84% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>94%</td> <td>92%</td> <td>91% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>99%</td> <td>95%</td> <td>93% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>99%</td> <td>97%</td> <td>97% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>99%</td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>80%</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>97%</td> <td>96%</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">UK</td> <td>99%</td> <td>100%</td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>1981–82 censuses<sup id="cite_ref-bookshop.europa.eu_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookshop.europa.eu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Country </th> <th valign="top">Bath/shower </th> <th valign="top">Indoor WC </th> <th valign="top">Central heating </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium </td> <td>73.9% </td> <td>79.0% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Denmark </td> <td>85.1% </td> <td>95.8% </td> <td>54.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France </td> <td>85.2% </td> <td>85.4% </td> <td>67.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany </td> <td>92.3% </td> <td>96.0% </td> <td>70.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece </td> <td>69.3% </td> <td>70.9% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ireland </td> <td>82.0% </td> <td>84.5% </td> <td>39.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy </td> <td>86.4% </td> <td>87.7% </td> <td>56.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Luxembourg </td> <td>86.2% </td> <td>97.3% </td> <td>73.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Netherlands </td> <td>95.9% </td> <td>- </td> <td>66.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Portugal </td> <td>58.0% </td> <td>58.7% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain </td> <td>85.3% </td> <td>- </td> <td>22.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom </td> <td>98.0% </td> <td>97.3% </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; display: inline-table;"> <caption>Average usable floor space, 1976<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>86 m<sup>2</sup> (930 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium</td> <td>97 m<sup>2</sup> (1,040 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>63 m<sup>2</sup> (680 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>89 m<sup>2</sup> (960 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></td> <td>69 m<sup>2</sup> (740 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Denmark</td> <td>122 m<sup>2</sup> (1,310 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>71 m<sup>2</sup> (760 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>82 m<sup>2</sup> (880 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></td> <td>60 m<sup>2</sup> (650 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td> <td>95 m<sup>2</sup> (1,020 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece</td> <td>80 m<sup>2</sup> (860 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>65 m<sup>2</sup> (700 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ireland</td> <td>88 m<sup>2</sup> (950 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Luxembourg</td> <td>107 m<sup>2</sup> (1,150 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Netherlands</td> <td>71 m<sup>2</sup> (760 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>89 m<sup>2</sup> (960 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>58 m<sup>2</sup> (620 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>104 m<sup>2</sup> (1,120 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>54 m<sup>2</sup> (580 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td> <td>49 m<sup>2</sup> (530 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain</td> <td>82 m<sup>2</sup> (880 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>109 m<sup>2</sup> (1,170 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>98 m<sup>2</sup> (1,050 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom</td> <td>70 m<sup>2</sup> (750 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>120 m<sup>2</sup> (1,300 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></td> <td>65 m<sup>2</sup> (700 sq ft) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; display: inline-table;"> <caption>Average usable floor space, 1994<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Austria</td> <td>85.3 m<sup>2</sup> (918 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium</td> <td>86.3 m<sup>2</sup> (929 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Denmark</td> <td>107 m<sup>2</sup> (1,150 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Finland</td> <td>74.8 m<sup>2</sup> (805 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>85.4 m<sup>2</sup> (919 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">East Germany</td> <td>64.4 m<sup>2</sup> (693 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">West Germany</td> <td>86.7 m<sup>2</sup> (933 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece</td> <td>79.6 m<sup>2</sup> (857 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ireland</td> <td>88 m<sup>2</sup> (950 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy</td> <td>92.3 m<sup>2</sup> (994 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Luxembourg</td> <td>107 m<sup>2</sup> (1,150 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Netherlands</td> <td>98.6 m<sup>2</sup> (1,061 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain</td> <td>86.6 m<sup>2</sup> (932 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sweden</td> <td>92 m<sup>2</sup> (990 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom</td> <td>79.7 m<sup>2</sup> (858 sq ft) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; display: inline-table;"> <caption>Floor space, 1992–1993<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Australia</td> <td>1993</td> <td>191 m<sup>2</sup> (2,060 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United States</td> <td>1992</td> <td>153.2 m<sup>2</sup> (1,649 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td>119.3 m<sup>2</sup> (1,284 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom</td> <td>1992</td> <td>95 m<sup>2</sup> (1,020 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td>90.8 m<sup>2</sup> (977 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>1993</td> <td>88.6 m<sup>2</sup> (954 sq ft) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Households without an indoor WC, 1980<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium</td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">West Germany</td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece</td> <td>29% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ireland</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy</td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>54% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Norway</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>43% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain</td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom</td> <td>6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; display: inline-table;"> <caption>Households without a bath or shower </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">West Germany</td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy</td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Norway</td> <td>18% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain</td> <td>39% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom</td> <td>4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Households with an indoor WC<sup id="cite_ref-Crouch_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crouch-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Country </th> <th valign="top">1960–61 </th> <th valign="top">1970–71 </th> <th valign="top">1978–79 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Britain </td> <td>87% </td> <td>88% </td> <td>95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany </td> <td>64% </td> <td>85% </td> <td>92.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Households with a bath or shower<sup id="cite_ref-Crouch_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crouch-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Country </th> <th valign="top">1960–61 </th> <th valign="top">1970–71 </th> <th valign="top">1978–79 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Britain </td> <td>72% </td> <td>91% </td> <td>94.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany </td> <td>51% </td> <td>82% </td> <td>89.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; display: inline-table;"> <caption>Principal residences in France lacking amenities:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Running water </th> <th>WC </th> <th>Bath or shower </th> <th>Central heating </th></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td>21.6% </td> <td>59.5% </td> <td>71.1% </td> <td>80.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>45.2% </td> <td>52.5% </td> <td>65.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>26.2% </td> <td>29.8% </td> <td>46.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>20.9% </td> <td>22.9% </td> <td>39.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Households with central heating<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1978 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Great Britain</td> <td>34%</td> <td>53% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany</td> <td>44%</td> <td>64% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>US dwellings with bathroom amenities, 1970<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Amenity</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bath/shower</td> <td>95% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Flush toilet</td> <td>96% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>East German amenities<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Amenity </th> <th valign="top">1961 </th> <th valign="top">1971 </th> <th valign="top">1979 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Running water </td> <td>66% </td> <td>82.2% </td> <td>89% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">WC </td> <td>33% </td> <td>41.8% </td> <td>50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bath/shower </td> <td>22.4% </td> <td>38.7% </td> <td>50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Central heating </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>22% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Amenities in European dwellings, 1970–71<sup id="cite_ref-google_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Running water </th> <th>WC </th> <th>Bath/shower </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Austria </td> <td>84.2% </td> <td>69.8% </td> <td>52.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belgium </td> <td>88.0% </td> <td>50.4% </td> <td>47.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Czechoslovakia </td> <td>75.3% </td> <td>49.0% </td> <td>58.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Denmark </td> <td>98.7% </td> <td>90.3% </td> <td>76.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Finland </td> <td>72.0% </td> <td>61.4% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Greece </td> <td>64.9% </td> <td>41.2% </td> <td>35.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Hungary </td> <td>36.1% </td> <td>27.2% </td> <td>31.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ireland </td> <td>78.2% </td> <td>69.2% </td> <td>55.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy </td> <td>86.1% </td> <td>79.0% </td> <td>64.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Netherlands </td> <td>- </td> <td>80.8% </td> <td>81.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Norway </td> <td>97.5% </td> <td>69.0% </td> <td>66.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Portugal </td> <td>47.8% </td> <td>33.7% </td> <td>32.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Spain </td> <td>70.9% </td> <td>70.9% </td> <td>46.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sweden </td> <td>97.4% </td> <td>90.1% </td> <td>78.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Switzerland </td> <td>- </td> <td>93.3% </td> <td>80.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">United Kingdom </td> <td>- </td> <td>86.3% </td> <td>90.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td> <td>33.6% </td> <td>26.2% </td> <td>24.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>British households lacking amenities<sup id="cite_ref-Stafford_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stafford-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Bath </th> <th>Indoor/outdoor WC </th> <th>Hot running water </th> <th>Indoor WC </th></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td>37.6% </td> <td>7.7% </td> <td>- </td> <td>-<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="If 7.7% have an indoor or outdoor WC, this should be more than zero. (March 2019)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>22.4% </td> <td>6.5% </td> <td>21.8% </td> <td>-<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="This text contradicts material elsewhere on this page. (March 2019)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>15.4% </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>12.5% </td> <td>18.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>9.1% </td> <td>1.1% </td> <td>6.5% </td> <td>11.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>British households sharing amenities<sup id="cite_ref-Stafford_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stafford-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Bath </th> <th>Indoor/outdoor WC </th> <th>Hot running water </th> <th>Indoor WC </th></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td>14.9% </td> <td>- </td> <td>-<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="This text contradicts material elsewhere on this page. (March 2019)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>4.1% </td> <td>6.4% </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>4.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>3.2% </td> <td>4.1% </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>3.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Households with durable goods, 1964–1971<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Washing machine </th> <th>Refrigerator </th> <th>Television </th> <th>Telephone </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>45.4% </td> <td>40.1% </td> <td>87.5% </td> <td>27.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>65.0% </td> <td>53.2% </td> <td>92.1% </td> <td>36.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>53.0% </td> <td>34.0% </td> <td>80.0% </td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>64.3% </td> <td>68.8% </td> <td>91.4% </td> <td>37.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>87.4% </td> <td>99.5% </td> <td>97.1% </td> <td>85.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>92.1% </td> <td>99.85 </td> <td>98.7% </td> <td>92.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>EEC manual workers with durable goods, 1963–1964<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Washing machine </th> <th>Refrigerator </th> <th>Television </th> <th>Telephone </th></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>74.7% </td> <td>24.9% </td> <td>47.6% </td> <td>8.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>39.6% </td> <td>47.0% </td> <td>34.4% </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Germany </td> <td>66.2% </td> <td>62.1% </td> <td>51.3% </td> <td>1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>13.6% </td> <td>50.2% </td> <td>47.9% </td> <td>20.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td>82.3% </td> <td>64.7% </td> <td>27.9% </td> <td>23.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>80.4% </td> <td>25.5% </td> <td>58.0% </td> <td>9.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>EEC white-collar workers with durable goods, 1963–1964<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Washing machine </th> <th>Refrigerator </th> <th>Television </th> <th>Telephone </th></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>68.5% </td> <td>57.3% </td> <td>48.3% </td> <td>40.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>48.2% </td> <td>71.3% </td> <td>43.3% </td> <td>15.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Germany </td> <td>62.2% </td> <td>79.1% </td> <td>51.8% </td> <td>19.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>38.3% </td> <td>81.9% </td> <td>79.3% </td> <td>57.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td>82.3% </td> <td>79.2% </td> <td>25.2% </td> <td>67.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>73.9% </td> <td>51.6% </td> <td>56.2% </td> <td>57.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Dwellings with amenities, 1960–71<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Running water </th> <th>Indoor running water </th> <th>Toilet </th> <th>Flush toilet </th> <th>Bath/shower </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Austria </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>63.6% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>29.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td>- </td> <td>85.3% </td> <td>69.7% </td> <td>- </td> <td>54.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>76.9% </td> <td>- </td> <td>99.9% </td> <td>47.6% </td> <td>24.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bulgaria </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>28.5% </td> <td>28.2% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>11.8% </td> <td>8.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>89.1% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>85.2% </td> <td>80.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td>- </td> <td>95.2% </td> <td>93.5% </td> <td>92.5% </td> <td>89.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>95.4% </td> <td>93.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czechoslovakia </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>60.5% </td> <td>49.1% </td> <td>- </td> <td>39.5% </td> <td>33.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Denmark </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>- </td> <td>92.9% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>83.6% </td> <td>48.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td>96.7% </td> <td>96.7% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>90.9% </td> <td>63.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">England and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>- </td> <td>98.7% </td> <td>93.4% </td> <td>- </td> <td>78.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>98.2% </td> <td>85.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>47.1% </td> <td>47.1% </td> <td>- </td> <td>35.4% </td> <td>14.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">France </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>- </td> <td>77.5% </td> <td>43.1% </td> <td>39.3% </td> <td>28.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td>92.8% </td> <td>91.5% </td> <td>56.2% </td> <td>53.2% </td> <td>48.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Germany </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>- </td> <td>65.7% </td> <td>33.7% </td> <td>- </td> <td>22.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">West Germany </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>- </td> <td>98.2% </td> <td>- </td> <td>83.3% </td> <td>64.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td>99.0% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>86.5% </td> <td>66.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Hungary </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>22.5% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td>32.5% </td> <td>25.9% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>18.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td>58.6% </td> <td>36.4% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>32.7% </td> <td>32.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>57.2% </td> <td>51.0% </td> <td>64.9% </td> <td>53.5% </td> <td>33.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>71.6% </td> <td>62.3% </td> <td>89.5% </td> <td>- </td> <td>28.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>98.8% </td> <td>- </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>81.6% </td> <td>45.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>89.6% </td> <td>- </td> <td>99.9% </td> <td>67.5% </td> <td>26.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>- </td> <td>90.0% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>99.6% </td> <td>87.8% </td> <td>- </td> <td>88.5% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>99.7% </td> <td>90.3% </td> <td>- </td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>98.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>92.8% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>57.9% </td> <td>45.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>39.1% </td> <td>29.9% </td> <td>26.9% </td> <td>18.9% </td> <td>13.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>46.8% </td> <td>- </td> <td>33.3% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>48.4% </td> <td>12.3% </td> <td>100.0% </td> <td>12.2% </td> <td>9.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Scotland </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>- </td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>- </td> <td>92.8% </td> <td>69.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>95.7% </td> <td>77.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Sweden </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>- </td> <td>90.0% </td> <td>- </td> <td>76.2% </td> <td>61.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td>95.2% </td> <td>94.3% </td> <td>99.7% </td> <td>85.3% </td> <td>72.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>- </td> <td>96.1% </td> <td>99.7% </td> <td>- </td> <td>68.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>94.0% </td> <td>92.9% </td> <td>- </td> <td>89.7% </td> <td>88.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yugoslavia (urban) </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>- </td> <td>42.4% </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>- </td> <td>22.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>European households with at least one car, 1978<sup id="cite_ref-google2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>69.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark </td> <td>57.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>66.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Germany </td> <td>62.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>65.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>69.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>67.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>54.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Housing tenure, 1980–1990<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Public rental </th> <th>Private rental </th> <th>Owner-occupied </th></tr> <tr> <td>Australia </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>5% </td> <td>25% </td> <td>70% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>6% </td> <td>30% </td> <td>62% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>21% </td> <td>21% </td> <td>58% </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>17% </td> <td>30% </td> <td>53% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>25% </td> <td>38% </td> <td>37% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>14% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>78% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>5% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>64% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>43% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>44% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>1% </td> <td>11% </td> <td>88% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>27% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>66% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>2% </td> <td>32% </td> <td>66% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> households with a garden, 1963–64<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>58% </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>47% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands </td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>45% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td>81% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Households with durable goods, 1962<sup id="cite_ref-google3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Television </th> <th>Vacuum cleaner </th> <th>Washing machine </th> <th>Refrigerator </th> <th>Car </th></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>25% </td> <td>32% </td> <td>31% </td> <td>37% </td> <td>33% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Great Britain </td> <td>78% </td> <td>71% </td> <td>43% </td> <td>22% </td> <td>30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>87% </td> <td>75% </td> <td>95% </td> <td>98% </td> <td>75% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Housing_conditions">Housing conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Housing conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium"><span class="anchor" id="Historical_housing_conditions_in_Belgium"></span>Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1961–62 National Housing Institute survey estimated that 13.8 percent of Belgian dwellings were unfit and incapable of improvement. A further 19.5 percent were unfit but had the potential to be improved, and 54 percent were considered suitable (without alteration or improvement) for modern living standards. Seventy-four percent of dwellings lacked a shower or bath, 19 percent had inadequate sewage disposal, and 3.6 percent lacked a drinking-water supply; 36.8 percent had an indoor <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">water closet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 1964 study, 13 percent of Belgium's housing consisted of <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974 an estimated 17% of the Belgian population lived in a detached house, while 23% lived in an attached house, 56% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 1% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 37% without a fixed bath or shower and 7% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Austria"></span>Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 28% of the Austrian population lived in a detached house, while 5% lived in an attached house, 64% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 10% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 34% without a fixed bath or shower and 8% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Ireland"></span>Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 27% of the Irish population lived in a detached house, while 55% lived in an attached house, 11% in an apartment or flat, and 8% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 21% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 2% without electric lighting, 20% without a fixed bath or shower and 14% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Japan"></span>Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973 an estimated 65% of the Japanese population lived in a detached house, while 12% lived in an attached house, and 23% in an apartment or flat.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 65% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 3% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Netherlands"></span>Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 18% of the Dutch population lived in a detached house, while 40% lived in an attached house, 36% in an apartment or flat, and 6% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 1% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 2% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Italy"></span>Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 18% of the Italian population lived in a detached house, while 9% lived in an attached house, 65% in an apartment or flat, and 8% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 4% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 2% without electric lighting, 27% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Norway"></span>Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 45% of the Norwegian population lived in a detached house, while 7% lived in an attached house, 46% in an apartment or flat, and 2% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 13% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 25% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Sweden"></span>Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 36% of the Swedish population lived in a detached house, while 8% lived in an attached house, and 56% in an apartment or flat.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 2% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 2% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Denmark"></span>Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 50% of the Danish population lived in a detached house, while 11% lived in an attached house, 31% in an apartment or flat, and 8% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 1% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 10% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Switzerland"></span>Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 33% of the Swiss population lived in a detached house, while 5% lived in an attached house, and 62% in an apartment or flat.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 3% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 15% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_Spain"></span>Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 12% of the Spanish population lived in a detached house, while 23% lived in an attached house, 61% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1970/75 an estimated 29% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 4% without electric lighting, 54% without a fixed bath or shower and 32% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Germany"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_West_Germany"></span>West Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: West Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974 an estimated 22% of the West German population lived in a detached house, while 5% lived in an attached house, 69% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 4% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 6% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_France"></span>France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1954 and 1973, the percentage of French homes with a shower or bath increased from 10 to 65 percent. During that period, the percentage of homes without flush toilets fell from 73 to 30 percent; homes without running water fell from 42 to 3.4 percent. A 1948 law permitted gradual, long-term rent increases for existing flats on the condition that part of the money was spent on repairs. According to <a href="/wiki/John_Ardagh" title="John Ardagh">John Ardagh</a>, the law, "vigorously applied, was partly successful in its twofold aim: to encourage both repairs and new building."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974 an estimated 17% of the French population lived in a detached house, while 2% lived in an attached house, 78% in an apartment or flat, and 3% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 20% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 34% without a fixed bath or shower and 3% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom"><span class="anchor" id="Postwar_housing_conditions_in_the_United_Kingdom"></span>United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Household_composition_in_the_UK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Household_composition_in_the_UK.png/220px-Household_composition_in_the_UK.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="649" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Household_composition_in_the_UK.png/330px-Household_composition_in_the_UK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Household_composition_in_the_UK.png/440px-Household_composition_in_the_UK.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>Household composition in the UK</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a large percentage of British housing was single-family housing. Seventy-eight percent of housing in 1961 consisted of single-family homes, compared to 56 percent in the Netherlands, 49 percent in West Germany and 32 percent in France.<sup id="cite_ref-google4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England and Wales in 1964, 6.6 percent of housing units had two or fewer rooms; 5.8 percent had seven or more rooms, 15.2 percent had six rooms, 35.1 percent had five rooms, 26.3 percent had four rooms, and 11.1 percent had three rooms. These figures included kitchens when they were used for eating meals. Fifty percent of 1964 housing had three bedrooms; 1.9 percent had five or more bedrooms, 6.2 percent had four bedrooms, 10.5 percent had one bedroom or none, and 31.3 percent had two bedrooms. A 1960 social survey estimated that 0.6 percent of households in England and Wales exceeded the statutory overcrowding standard; the 1964 percentage was 0.5 percent. In 1964, 6.9 of all households exceeded one person per room. The 1960 figure was 11 percent, with 1.75 percent having two or more bedrooms below the standard and 9.25 percent having one bedroom below the standard. This declined slightly by 1964 to 9.4 percent of households below the standard, with 8.1 percent having one bedroom below the standard and 1.3 percent having two bedrooms or more below the standard. According to local authorities in 1965, five percent of the housing stock in England and Wales was unfit for habitation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974 an estimated 23% of the population of the UK lived in a detached house, while 50% lived in an attached house, 23% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 1% of all houses were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 3% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._and_Canada"><span class="anchor" id="Housing_conditions_in_Canada_and_the_United_States_of_America"></span>U.S. and Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: U.S. and Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Housing conditions improved in Canada and the U.S. after World War II. In the U.S., 35.4 percent of all 1950 dwellings did not have complete plumbing facilities; the figure fell to 16.8 percent in 1960 and 8.4 percent in 1968. In Canada from 1951 to 1971, the percentage of dwellings with a bath or shower increased from 60.8 to 93.4 percent; the percentage of dwellings with hot and cold running water increased from 56.9 to 93.5 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States from 1950 to 1974, the percentage of housing without full plumbing fell from 34 to three percent; during that period, the percentage of housing stock considered dilapidated fell from nine percent to less than four.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, an estimated 64% of the population of the U.S. lived in a detached house, while 4% lived in an attached house, 28% in an apartment or flat, and 4% in other types of homes (trailers, mobile homes, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975 an estimated 2% of all houses in the U.S. were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 3% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977 an estimated 59% of the population of Canada lived in a detached house, while 8% lived in an attached house, and 33% in an apartment or flat.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of amenities, in 1975/77 an estimated 3% of all houses in Canada were without a flush toilet, 1% without electric lighting, 2% without a fixed bath or shower and 1% without piped water.<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwelling" title="Dwelling">Dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikos" title="Oikos">Oikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households" title="List of countries by number of households">List of countries by number of households</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_economics" title="Household economics">Household economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_final_consumption_expenditure" title="Household final consumption expenditure">Household final consumption expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_production_function" title="Household production function">Household production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intra-household_bargaining" title="Intra-household bargaining">Intra-household bargaining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roommate" title="Roommate">Roommate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_home" title="Group home">Group home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoju" title="Hoju">Hoju</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemaker">Homemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_household" title="Medieval household">Medieval household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Household">Royal Household</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/20px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/40px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/60px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/40px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/60px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaviland2003" class="citation book cs1">Haviland, William A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xM9SPwAACAAJ"><i>Anthropology</i></a>. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-61020-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-61020-3"><bdi>978-0-534-61020-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology&rft.pub=Wadsworth%2FThomson+Learning&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-534-61020-3&rft.aulast=Haviland&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxM9SPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'SullivanSteven_M._Sheffrin2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_O%27_Sullivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur O' Sullivan">O'Sullivan, Arthur</a>; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=5657"><i>Economics: Principles in action</i></a>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Prentice-Hall. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-063085-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-063085-8"><bdi>978-0-13-063085-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220014709/https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=5657">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics%3A+Principles+in+action&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey+07458&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-13-063085-8&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Steven+M.+Sheffrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.savvas.com%2Findex.cfm%3Flocator%3DPSZu4y%26PMDbSiteId%3D2781%26PMDbSolutionId%3D6724%26PMDbSubSolutionId%3D%26PMDbCategoryId%3D815%26PMDbSubCategoryId%3D24843%26PMDbSubjectAreaId%3D%26PMDbProgramId%3D5657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626033347/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/FRS_Tech01-02.pdf">"National Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistics.gov.uk\access-date=2015-05-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/FRS_Tech01-02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-06-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Statistics&rft.pub=Statistics.gov.uk%5Caccess-date%3D2015-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2Ftheme_social%2FFRS_Tech01-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Housing_Act_2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Housing_Act_2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/34/pdfs/ukpga_20040034_en.pdf">"UK Housing Act 2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Housing+Act+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2004%2F34%2Fpdfs%2Fukpga_20040034_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> See section 258 on p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.getrentback.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www.getrentback.org_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getrentback.org/guide%20hmo.html">"Single Household: brief summary of HA 2004 definition"</a>. <i>Flat Justice: Helping Tenants to Get Rent Back</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flat+Justice%3A+Helping+Tenants+to+Get+Rent+Back&rft.atitle=Single+Household%3A+brief+summary+of+HA+2004+definition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getrentback.org%2Fguide%2520hmo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427051753/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_HSD310212.htm">"Households"</a>. Quickfacts.census.gov. 2015-03-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_HSD310212.htm">the original</a> on 2015-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Households&rft.pub=Quickfacts.census.gov&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fmeta%2Flong_HSD310212.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/cps/cpsdef.html">"U.S. Census: Current Population Survey – Definitions and Explanations"</a>. Census.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322222020/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cps/cpsdef.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Households%2C+Persons+Per+Household%2C+and+Households+with+Individuals+Under+18+Years%2C+2000&rft.date=2011-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fmeta%2Flong_71061.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714062241/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/definitions/house-menage-eng.htm">"Statistical unit – Household"</a>. Statcan.gc.ca. 2012-02-23. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+unit+%E2%80%93+Household&rft.pub=Statcan.gc.ca&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fconcepts%2Fdefinitions%2Fhouse-menage-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuriuki2007" class="citation book cs1">Muriuki, Andrew Mburu (2007). <i>The role of household environment on health outcomes for female adolescents in Kenya</i>. University of Missouri-Columbia. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/183405613">183405613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+role+of+household+environment+on+health+outcomes+for+female+adolescents+in+Kenya&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri-Columbia&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F183405613&rft.aulast=Muriuki&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Mburu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/32043/2/20_3muriuki_paper.pdf">Pdf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102230450/https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/32043/2/20_3muriuki_paper.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-01-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usyd-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usyd_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDhungel2001" class="citation book cs1">Dhungel, Basundhara (14 May 2001). <i>A study of Nepalese families' paid and unpaid work after migration to Australia</i>. University of Sydney. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/271516251">271516251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+study+of+Nepalese+families%27+paid+and+unpaid+work+after+migration+to+Australia&rft.pub=University+of+Sydney&rft.date=2001-05-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F271516251&rft.aulast=Dhungel&rft.aufirst=Basundhara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/375/2/adt-NU20010514.11220001front.pdf">Pdf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512142939/http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/375/2/adt-NU20010514.11220001front.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-05-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiersonThomas2002" class="citation book cs1">Pierson, John; Thomas, Martin (2002). <i>Collins dictionary of social work</i>. 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Oxford New York: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-13274-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-13274-5"><bdi>978-0-631-13274-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divisions+of+labour&rft.place=Oxford+New+York&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-631-13274-5&rft.aulast=Pahl&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivisionsoflabou0000pahl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-householdworkstrategy.html">"household work strategy – Dictionary definition of household work strategy | Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911062800/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-householdworkstrategy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European Commission; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOxleySmith1996" class="citation book cs1">Oxley, Michael; Smith, Jacqueline (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NbnaeunvrP0C&pg=PA77"><i>Housing Policy and Rented Housing in Europe</i></a>. E & F Spon. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-419-20720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-419-20720-7"><bdi>978-0-419-20720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Policy+and+Rented+Housing+in+Europe&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=E+%26+F+Spon&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-419-20720-7&rft.aulast=Oxley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNbnaeunvrP0C%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŌmae1995" class="citation book cs1">Ōmae, Ken'ichi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJMxSo05yuwC"><i>The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-923341-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-923341-0"><bdi>0-02-923341-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Nation+State%3A+The+Rise+of+Regional+Economies&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-02-923341-0&rft.aulast=%C5%8Cmae&rft.aufirst=Ken%27ichi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnJMxSo05yuwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimon1996" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Julian (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DrgN0AvFGL0C&pg=PA244"><i>The State of Humanity</i></a>. Wiley. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-585-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-585-4"><bdi>978-1-55786-585-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Humanity&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55786-585-4&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDrgN0AvFGL0C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crouch-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crouch_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crouch_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCouch1985" class="citation book cs1">Couch, Chris (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d9-wAAAAIAAJ"><i>Housing Conditions in Britain and Germany</i></a>. Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905492-42-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905492-42-1"><bdi>978-0-905492-42-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Conditions+in+Britain+and+Germany&rft.pub=Anglo-German+Foundation+for+the+Study+of+Industrial+Society&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-905492-42-1&rft.aulast=Couch&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd9-wAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLansley1979" class="citation book cs1">Lansley, Stewart (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zwOAAAAQAAJ"><i>Housing and Public Policy</i></a>. Croom Helm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7099-0052-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7099-0052-8"><bdi>978-0-7099-0052-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+and+Public+Policy&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7099-0052-8&rft.aulast=Lansley&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zwOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHowenstine1985" class="citation book cs1">Howenstine, Emanuel Jay (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WZCx9PraId4C&pg=PA46"><i>Housing Vouchers: A Comparative International Analysis</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-5049-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-5049-0"><bdi>978-1-4128-5049-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Vouchers%3A+A+Comparative+International+Analysis&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-5049-0&rft.aulast=Howenstine&rft.aufirst=Emanuel+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWZCx9PraId4C%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stafford-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stafford_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stafford_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStafford1978" class="citation book cs1">Stafford, D. C. (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicsofhousi0000staf"><i>The Economics of Housing Policy</i></a></span>. Croom Helm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-159-6"><bdi>978-0-85664-159-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Housing+Policy&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-85664-159-6&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomicsofhousi0000staf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarn1973" class="citation book cs1">Karn, Valerie Ann (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYlPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Housing standards and costs: a comparison of British standards and costs with those in the U.S.A., Canada, and Europe</i></a>. University of Birmingham. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7044-0053-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7044-0053-5"><bdi>978-0-7044-0053-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+standards+and+costs%3A+a+comparison+of+British+standards+and+costs+with+those+in+the+U.S.A.%2C+Canada%2C+and+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-7044-0053-5&rft.aulast=Karn&rft.aufirst=Valerie+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYlPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDawson2014" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, John (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2gKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>Commercial Distribution in Europe</i></a>. Routledge. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59886-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59886-2"><bdi>978-1-317-59886-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commercial+Distribution+in+Europe&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-59886-2&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2gKBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill1996" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Michael James (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pB1HAAAAMAAJ"><i>Social Policy: A Comparative Analysis</i></a>. Prentice-Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-353905-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-353905-9"><bdi>978-0-13-353905-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Policy%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall%2FHarvester+Wheatsheaf&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-13-353905-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Michael+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpB1HAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSampson1971" class="citation book cs1">Sampson, Anthony (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HUZJAAAAYAAJ"><i>The new Europeans: a guide to the workings, institutions and character of contemporary Western Europe</i></a>. Panther. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780586034347" title="Special:BookSources/9780586034347"><bdi>9780586034347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Europeans%3A+a+guide+to+the+workings%2C+institutions+and+character+of+contemporary+Western+Europe&rft.pub=Panther&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780586034347&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHUZJAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google3_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLogemann2012" class="citation book cs1">Logemann, J. (2012-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fd_FAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194"><i>The Development of Consumer Credit in Global Perspective: Business, Regulation, and Culture</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-06207-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-06207-9"><bdi>978-1-137-06207-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Consumer+Credit+in+Global+Perspective%3A+Business%2C+Regulation%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft.isbn=978-1-137-06207-9&rft.aulast=Logemann&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFd_FAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatson1971" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Christopher John (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dDNjAAAAIAAJ"><i>Social housing policy in Belgium</i></a>. University of Birmingham. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901490162" title="Special:BookSources/9780901490162"><bdi>9780901490162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+housing+policy+in+Belgium&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780901490162&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Christopher+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdDNjAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aei.pitt.edu/43714/1/A7457.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029175235/http://aei.pitt.edu/43714/1/A7457.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faei.pitt.edu%2F43714%2F1%2FA7457.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.136-137_36-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Book of Numbers, compiled by the Editors of Heron House, 1978, P.136-137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_1978,_P.148-149_37-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Book of Numbers, compiled by the Editors of Heron House, 1978, P.148-149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArdagh1979" class="citation book cs1">Ardagh, John (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BSAVyAEACAAJ"><i>The New France: A Society in Transition, 1945–1977</i></a>. Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+France%3A+A+Society+in+Transition%2C+1945%E2%80%931977&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Ardagh&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBSAVyAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google4-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google4_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKertzerBarbagli2003" class="citation book cs1">Kertzer, David I.; Barbagli, Marzio (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPNWAAAAYAAJ"><i>Family Life in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09494-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09494-7"><bdi>978-0-300-09494-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Life+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09494-7&rft.aulast=Kertzer&rft.aufirst=David+I.&rft.au=Barbagli%2C+Marzio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPNWAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolman1970" class="citation book cs1">Holman, Robert (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rYo0AAAAMAAJ"><i>Socially deprived families in Britain</i></a>. Bedford Square P. of the National Council of Social Service. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7199-0795-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7199-0795-0"><bdi>0-7199-0795-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/103175">103175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socially+deprived+families+in+Britain&rft.pub=Bedford+Square+P.+of+the+National+Council+of+Social+Service&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F103175&rft.isbn=0-7199-0795-0&rft.aulast=Holman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrYo0AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Clair (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ExTFM-jr0NEC&pg=PA298"><i>American Standards of Living: 1918–1988</i></a>. Wiley. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-371-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-371-3"><bdi>978-1-55786-371-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Standards+of+Living%3A+1918%E2%80%931988&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-55786-371-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Clair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExTFM-jr0NEC%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Economist Book Of Vital World Statistics: A Complete Guide To The World In Figures</i> (introduction by <a href="/wiki/Claus_Moser,_Baron_Moser" title="Claus Moser, Baron Moser">Claus Moser</a>). The Economist Books, fourth reprint, paperback edition, October 1992. Contains a section, "Consumer Durables", with estimates of household ownership of a wide range of consumer durables in <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> and East European countries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Household&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/household" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:household">household</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Household" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Household">Household</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015031363156&seq=1254">Contains information on housing conditions in various European countries in the post-World War II era</a> (Europe's needs and resources, trends, and prospects in eighteen countries [by] J. Frederic Dewhurst, John O. Coppock, P. Lamartine Yates, and associates. -)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_IrtAAAAMAAJ&dq=france+single+family+housing&pg=PA32">Contains information on housing conditions and types in various countries in the 1960s and 1970s, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesis.org/fileadmin/upload/dienstleistung/daten/soz_indikatoren/eusi/B1132.pdf">"Percentage of households living in a dwelling with central heating"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European System of Social Indicators (EUSI)</i>: Contains information on housing conditions in Europe from 1980 onwards</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+System+of+Social+Indicators+%28EUSI%29&rft.atitle=Percentage+of+households+living+in+a+dwelling+with+central+heating&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesis.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fupload%2Fdienstleistung%2Fdaten%2Fsoz_indikatoren%2Feusi%2FB1132.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NU07cD6NEJQC"><i>The European Union Encyclopedia and Directory 1999</i></a>. Psychology Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-056-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-056-1"><bdi>978-1-85743-056-1</bdi></a>: Contains historical statistics on housing in Europe</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Union+Encyclopedia+and+Directory+1999&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-056-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNU07cD6NEJQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJtxeMzFZNEC"><i>Housing Finance Markets in Transition Economies Trends and Challenges</i></a>. OECD Publishing. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-64-01017-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-64-01017-8"><bdi>978-92-64-01017-8</bdi></a>: Contains statistics on housing in various developing and developed countries</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Finance+Markets+in+Transition+Economies+Trends+and+Challenges&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-92-64-01017-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJtxeMzFZNEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/634201468327327397/pdf/9986000World0tables01976.pdf"><i>World tables, 1976, from the data files of the World Bank</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Baltimore: Published for the World Bank by Johns Hopkins University Press. 1976. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-1886-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-1886-9"><bdi>0-8018-1886-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2425366">2425366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+tables%2C+1976%2C+from+the+data+files+of+the+World+Bank&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Published+for+the+World+Bank+by+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2425366&rft.isbn=0-8018-1886-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F634201468327327397%2Fpdf%2F9986000World0tables01976.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlberFaheySaraceno2008" class="citation book cs1">Alber, Jens; Fahey, Tony; Saraceno, Chiara (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_zQDxYxlgsC"><i>Handbook of Quality of Life in the Enlarged European Union</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42467-7"><bdi>978-0-415-42467-7</bdi></a>: Contains information on housing conditions in various countries</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Quality+of+Life+in+the+Enlarged+European+Union&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-42467-7&rft.aulast=Alber&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft.au=Fahey%2C+Tony&rft.au=Saraceno%2C+Chiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_zQDxYxlgsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltmanNieuwenhuysen1979" class="citation book cs1">Altman, Jon C.; Nieuwenhuysen, John (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RPhfvymCBREC"><i>The Economic Status of Australian Aborigines</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29490-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29490-4"><bdi>978-0-521-29490-4</bdi></a>: Contains historical statistics on housing conditions in Australia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Status+of+Australian+Aborigines&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29490-4&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Jon+C.&rft.au=Nieuwenhuysen%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRPhfvymCBREC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerekoven2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berekoven, Ludwig (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4seeBgAAQBAJ"><i>Internationale Verbrauchsangleichung: Eine Analyse europäischer Länder</i></a> (in German). Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-322-83888-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-322-83888-9"><bdi>978-3-322-83888-9</bdi></a>: Contains information on the percentage of homes in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Switzerland, and Sweden owning certain household appliances from 1970 to 1975</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internationale+Verbrauchsangleichung%3A+Eine+Analyse+europ%C3%A4ischer+L%C3%A4nder&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-322-83888-9&rft.aulast=Berekoven&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4seeBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDolHaffner2010" class="citation book cs1">Dol, Kees; Haffner, Marietta, eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iut.nu/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Housing-Statistics-in-the-European-Union-2010.pdf"><i>Housing Statistics in the European Union 2010</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Hague: Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Housing+Statistics+in+the+European+Union+2010&rft.pub=The+Hague%3A+Ministry+of+the+Interior+and+Kingdom+Relations&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iut.nu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F07%2FHousing-Statistics-in-the-European-Union-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlora1986" class="citation book cs1">Flora, Peter (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GaWtd5zJfB8C"><i>Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-011131-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-011131-6"><bdi>978-3-11-011131-6</bdi></a>: Contains historical statistics on housing in Ireland</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth+to+Limits%3A+The+Western+European+Welfare+States+Since+World+War+II&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-11-011131-6&rft.aulast=Flora&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGaWtd5zJfB8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartinelliChiesiStefanizzi1999" class="citation book cs1">Martinelli, Alberto; Chiesi, Antonio; Stefanizzi, Sonia (1999-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f_poy-NC5xQC"><i>Recent Social Trends in Italy, 1960–1995</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-6778-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-6778-8"><bdi>978-0-7735-6778-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+Social+Trends+in+Italy%2C+1960%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=1999-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-6778-8&rft.aulast=Martinelli&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.au=Chiesi%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Stefanizzi%2C+Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df_poy-NC5xQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorrisShiels2004" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Michelle; Shiels, Patrick (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.housing.gov.ie/sites/default/files/migrated-files/en/Publications/DevelopmentandHousing/Housing/FileDownLoad%2C2453%2Cen.pdf"><i>Regular National Report on Housing Developments in European Countries (Synthesis Report)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dublin: Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7557-1999-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7557-1999-9"><bdi>0-7557-1999-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59712896">59712896</a>: Contains statistics on housing conditions and housing policies in various countries</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regular+National+Report+on+Housing+Developments+in+European+Countries+%28Synthesis+Report%29&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Stationery+Office&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59712896&rft.isbn=0-7557-1999-9&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Shiels%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.housing.gov.ie%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmigrated-files%2Fen%2FPublications%2FDevelopmentandHousing%2FHousing%2FFileDownLoad%252C2453%252Cen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmitka1998" class="citation book cs1">Smitka, Michael (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cFH0J536UfkC"><i>Japan's Economic Ascent: International Trade, Growth, and Postwar Reconstruction</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2709-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2709-7"><bdi>978-0-8153-2709-7</bdi></a>: Contains information on the percentage of nonfarming households in Japan earning certain consumer durable goods from 1957 to 1975</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Economic+Ascent%3A+International+Trade%2C+Growth%2C+and+Postwar+Reconstruction&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-2709-7&rft.aulast=Smitka&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcFH0J536UfkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStafford1978" class="citation book cs1">Stafford, D. C. (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicsofhousi0000staf"><i>The Economics of Housing Policy Painting hyderabad 9640395262 7396356333</i></a></span>. Croom Helm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-159-6"><bdi>978-0-85664-159-6</bdi></a>: Contains historical statistics on housing conditions in the United Kingdom</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Housing+Policy+Painting+hyderabad+9640395262+7396356333&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-85664-159-6&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomicsofhousi0000staf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTomka2013" class="citation book cs1">Tomka, Béla (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RLBfzNkGfx8C"><i>A Social History of Twentieth Century Europe</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-62843-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-62843-3"><bdi>978-0-415-62843-3</bdi></a>: Contains historical statistics on housing in Europe</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+Twentieth+Century+Europe&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-62843-3&rft.aulast=Tomka&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRLBfzNkGfx8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTóth2008" class="citation book cs1">Tóth, István György (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105748/http://old.tarki.hu/en/research/european_social_report/20080701_4.pdf">"4. Housing and Material Conditions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.tarki.hu/en/publications/SR/2008/index.html"><i>European social report, 2008</i></a>. Translated by Babarczy, Anna. Budapest: TÁRKI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-06-5193-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-06-5193-6"><bdi>978-963-06-5193-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1088165603">1088165603</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.tarki.hu/en/research/european_social_report/20080701_4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-04-17: Contains statistics on housing and material conditions in Europe</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+Housing+and+Material+Conditions&rft.btitle=European+social+report%2C+2008&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=T%C3%81RKI&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1088165603&rft.isbn=978-963-06-5193-6&rft.aulast=T%C3%B3th&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n+Gy%C3%B6rgy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.tarki.hu%2Fen%2Fresearch%2Feuropean_social_report%2F20080701_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrotman-Dickenson2014" class="citation book cs1">Trotman-Dickenson, D. I. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tYajBQAAQBAJ"><i>Economic Workbook and Data: A Tutorial Volume for Students</i></a>. Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4831-5811-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4831-5811-2"><bdi>978-1-4831-5811-2</bdi></a>: Contains information on the percentage of households in Great Britain and the EEC owning certain durable goods in 1963</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Workbook+and+Data%3A+A+Tutorial+Volume+for+Students&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4831-5811-2&rft.aulast=Trotman-Dickenson&rft.aufirst=D.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtYajBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHousehold" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a 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the family">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_rights" title="Family rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_family" title="Extended family">Extended family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugal family">Conjugal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immediate_family" title="Immediate family">Immediate family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrifocal_family" title="Matrifocal family">Matrifocal family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_relationship#Human_relationships" title="Coefficient of relationship">First-degree relatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">Parent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">father</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter" title="Daughter">daughter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling" title="Sibling">Sibling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brother" title="Brother">brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister" title="Sister">sister</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second-degree relatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">Grandparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandchild" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandchild">Grandchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle" title="Uncle">Uncle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aunt" title="Aunt">Aunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niece_and_nephew" title="Niece and nephew">Niece and nephew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-degree relatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great-grandparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-grandparent">Great-grandparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great-grandchild" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-grandchild">Great-grandchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great-uncle" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-uncle">Great-uncle</a>/<a href="/wiki/Great-aunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great-aunt">Great-aunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousin" title="Cousin">Cousin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(law)" title="Affinity (law)">Family-in-law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">Spouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husband" title="Husband">husband</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent-in-law" title="Parent-in-law">Parent-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling-in-law" title="Sibling-in-law">Sibling-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Child-in-law">Child-in-law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daughter-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter-in-law">daughter-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son-in-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Son-in-law">son-in-law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stepfamily" title="Stepfamily">Stepfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepparent">Stepparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepfather" title="Stepfather">stepfather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepmother" title="Stepmother">stepmother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepchild" title="Stepchild">Stepchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepsibling" title="Stepsibling">Stepsibling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinship_terminology" title="Kinship terminology">Kinship terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(law)" title="Affinity (law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consanguinity" title="Consanguinity">Consanguinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disownment" title="Disownment">Disownment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_estrangement" title="Family estrangement">Estrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_choice" title="Family of choice">Family of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_kinship" title="Fictive kinship">Fictive kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurture_kinship" title="Nurture kinship">Nurture kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_kinship" title="Chinese kinship">Chinese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_kinship" title="Hawaiian kinship">Hawaiian kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_kinship" title="Sudanese kinship">Sudanese kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_kinship" title="Eskimo kinship">Eskimo kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_kinship" title="Iroquois kinship">Iroquois kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_kinship" title="Crow kinship">Crow kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_kinship" title="Omaha kinship">Omaha kinship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">lineage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_descent" title="Bilateral descent">Bilateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">Common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Family name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom" title="Heirloom">Heirloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">Heredity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">Lineal descendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_(kinship)" title="Collateral (kinship)">collateral descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">Progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">Clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_descent" title="Royal descent">Royal descent</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family_trees16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">Family trees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_chart" title="Pedigree chart">Pedigree chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genogram" title="Genogram">Genogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahnentafel" title="Ahnentafel">Ahnentafel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogical_numbering_systems" title="Genealogical numbering systems">Genealogical numbering systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seize_quartiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Seize quartiers">Seize quartiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarters_of_nobility" title="Quarters of nobility">Quarters of nobility</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape (parental love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_(concept)" title="Eros (concept)">Eros (marital love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philia" title="Philia">Philia (brotherly love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storge" title="Storge">Storge (familial love)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day" title="Mother's Day">Mother's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day" title="Father's Day">Father's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%E2%80%93Daughter_Day" title="Father–Daughter Day">Father–Daughter Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day_(Japan)" title="Children's Day (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day_(Canada)" title="Family Day (Canada)">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Families" title="International Day of Families">International Day of Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week" title="National Family Week">National Family Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Family_Week_(UK)" title="National Family Week (UK)">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day">National Adoption Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breadwinner_model" title="Breadwinner model">Breadwinner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">Single parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">Godparent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_order" title="Birth order">Birth order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Only_child" title="Only child">Only child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_child_syndrome" title="Middle child syndrome">Middle child syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" title="Sociology of the family">Sociology of the family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Motherhood" title="Museum of Motherhood">Museum of Motherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_family" title="Astronaut family">Astronaut family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">Dysfunctional family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_abuse" title="Sibling abuse">Sibling abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_estrangement" title="Sibling estrangement">Sibling estrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling_rivalry" title="Sibling rivalry">Sibling rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consumerism115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Consumerism" title="Template:Consumerism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Consumerism" title="Template talk:Consumerism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consumerism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consumerism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consumerism115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>the philosophy of and activism for <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_privacy" title="Consumer privacy">Consumer privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_revolution" title="Consumer revolution">Consumer revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_welfare_standard" title="Consumer welfare standard">Consumer welfare standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informed_consumer" title="Informed consumer">Informed consumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">Consumer activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Bill_of_Rights" title="Consumer Bill of Rights">Consumer Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_complaint" title="Consumer complaint">Consumer complaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_education" title="Consumer education">Consumer education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_movement" title="Consumer movement">Consumer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Guidelines_for_Consumer_Protection" title="United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection">United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields of study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_math" title="Consumer math">Consumer math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_economics" title="Home economics">Home economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">Consumer organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_consumer_organizations" title="List of consumer organizations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers%27_Association_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Consumers' Association (disambiguation)">Consumers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economics681" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economics" title="Template:Economics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economics" title="Template talk:Economics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economics681" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economics#Theoretical_research" title="Economics">Theoretical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theory" title="Decision theory">Decision theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Price theory">Price theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_theory" title="Contract theory">Contract theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">Mathematical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexity_economics" title="Complexity economics">Complexity economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_economics" title="Computational economics">Computational economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agent-based_computational_economics" title="Agent-based computational economics">Agent-based computational economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_in_economics" title="Pluralism in economics">Pluralism in economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economics#Empirical_research" title="Economics">Empirical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_statistics" title="Economic statistics">Economic statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_economics" title="Experimental economics">Experimental economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Economic history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Applied_economics" title="Applied economics">Applied</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_economics" title="Agricultural economics">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_economics" title="Business economics">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_economics" title="Cultural economics">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_economics" title="Demographic economics">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_economics" title="Education economics">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_economics" title="Engineering economics">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_economics" title="Environmental economics">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_economics" title="Financial economics">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">Geographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_economics" title="Information economics">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_economics" title="Infrastructure and economics">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_economics" title="Managerial economics">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_economics" title="Organizational economics">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_participation" title="Economics of participation">Participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_economics" title="Personnel economics">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">Public sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Social choice">Social choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_economics" title="Regional economics">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_economics" title="Regulatory economics">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_economics" title="Transport economics">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_economics" title="Urban economics">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Schools of economic thought">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">history</a>)<br /></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_economy" title="Attention economy">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_economics" title="Mainstream economics">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodox_economics" title="Heterodox economics">Heterodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American (National)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_economic_thought" title="Ancient economic thought">Ancient thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_monetary_theory" title="Modern monetary theory">Modern monetary theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disequilibrium_macroeconomics" title="Disequilibrium macroeconomics">Disequilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_economics" title="Humanistic economics">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_synthesis" title="Neoclassical synthesis">neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_circuit_theory" title="Monetary circuit theory">Circuitism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Marxian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Marxian economics">Neo-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne_School" title="Lausanne School">Lausanne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_classical_macroeconomics" title="New classical macroeconomics">New classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_business-cycle_theory" title="Real business-cycle theory">Real business-cycle theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_School_(economics)" title="Stockholm School (economics)">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoeconomics" title="Thermoeconomics">Thermo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economists</a><br /></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Mandeville" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard de Mandeville">de Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Th%C3%BCnen" title="Johann Heinrich von Thünen">von Thünen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_List" title="Friedrich List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Heinrich_Gossen" title="Hermann Heinrich Gossen">Gossen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons" title="William Stanley Jevons">Jevons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">von Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wieser" title="Friedrich von Wieser">von Wieser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cecil_Pigou" title="Arthur Cecil Pigou">Pigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Heckscher" title="Eli Heckscher">Heckscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Sraffa" title="Piero Sraffa">Sraffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" title="Michał Kalecki">Kalecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_R._Lange" title="Oskar R. Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">Baumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Piketty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Economists" title="Category:Economists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_lists" title="Category:Economics lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_economics" title="Glossary of economics">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economists" title="List of economists">Economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of important publications in economics">Publications</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_economics_journals" title="List of economics journals">journals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Schools of economic thought">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics" title="Category:Economics">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_economics_articles" title="Index of economics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_lists" title="Category:Economics lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_economics" title="Outline of economics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of important publications in economics">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Euthenics99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euthenics" title="Template:Euthenics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euthenics" title="Template talk:Euthenics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euthenics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euthenics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Euthenics99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Euthenics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>the philosophy of and activism for <a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(sociology)" title="Agency (sociology)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">Assisted living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice" title="Choice">Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">Consumer protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desire" title="Desire">Desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal" title="Goal">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">Homeless shelter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housekeeping" title="Housekeeping">Housekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_skills" title="Life skills">Life skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_life" title="Personal life">Personal life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference" title="Preference">Preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue" title="Rescue">Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_an_adequate_standard_of_living" title="Right to an adequate standard of living">Right to an adequate standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_healthy_environment" title="Right to a healthy environment">Right to a healthy environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_food" title="Right to food">Right to food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_rest_and_leisure" title="Right to rest and leisure">Right to rest and leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sit" title="Right to sit">Right to sit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety" title="Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_of_person" title="Security of person">Security of person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">Social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidized_housing" title="Subsidized housing">Subsidized housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supported_living" title="Supported living">Supported living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supportive_housing" title="Supportive housing">Supportive housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_services" title="Universal basic services">Universal basic services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Want" title="Want">Want</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wish" title="Wish">Wish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">Consumer activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_education" title="Consumer education">Consumer education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_movement" title="Consumer movement">Consumer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Social movements">Social movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields of study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">Bioethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">Child development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washing" title="Washing">Cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_science" title="Food science">Food science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_education" title="Health education">Health education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">Health promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Health research">Health research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Health sciences">Health sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_economics" title="Home economics">Home economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_relations" title="Industrial relations">Industrial relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisms">Organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Self care">Self care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Social programs">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">Social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">Water treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Lathrop" title="Julia Lathrop">Julia Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Cumnock_Blodgett" title="Minnie Cumnock Blodgett">Minnie Cumnock Blodgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_sciences710" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_sciences" title="Template:Social sciences"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_sciences" title="Template talk:Social sciences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_sciences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social sciences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_sciences710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social sciences</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_social_science" title="Outline of social science">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_social_sciences" title="History of the social sciences">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_sociology_articles" title="Index of sociology articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical anthropology">physical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">mathematical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_geography" title="Technical geography">technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_geography" title="Integrated geography">integrated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_sciences_of_history" title="Auxiliary sciences of history">auxiliary sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_history_(field)" title="World history (field)">human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history" title="Legal history">legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems" title="List of national legal systems">legal systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">private law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_Internet" title="Sociology of the Internet">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_sociology" title="Rural sociology">rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sociology" title="Urban sociology">urban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_studies" title="Area studies">Area studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_studies" title="Business studies">Business studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies">Communication studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_studies" title="Community studies">Community studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">Criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">Cultural studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_studies" title="Development studies">Development studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li>Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_social_science" title="Environmental social science">social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_studies" title="Environmental studies">studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_studies" title="Food studies">Food studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_studies" title="Global studies">Global studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_sociology" title="Historical sociology">Historical sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">History of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_ecology" title="Human ecology">Human ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li> <li>Philosophies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_and_economics" title="Philosophy and economics"> economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" title="Philosophy of social science">social science</a></li></ul></li> <li>Planning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_science_journals" title="List of social science journals">List of social science journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other categorizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral sciences">Behavioral sciences</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geisteswissenschaft" title="Geisteswissenschaft">Geisteswissenschaft</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Haushalt"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4023744-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85062594">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01066358">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="domácnost"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph935889&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="domácnosti"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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