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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teacher_at_his_father's_school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teacher_at_his_father's_school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Teacher at his father's school</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teacher_at_his_father's_school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_from_friends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_from_friends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Support from friends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_from_friends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_maturity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_maturity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Musical maturity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_maturity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years_and_masterworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years_and_masterworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Last years and masterworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_years_and_masterworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Final illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Instrumental_music,_stage_works_and_church_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_music,_stage_works_and_church_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Instrumental music, stage works and church music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_music,_stage_works_and_church_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lieder_and_art_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lieder_and_art_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Lieder and art songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lieder_and_art_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication_–_catalogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication_–_catalogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Publication – catalogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publication_–_catalogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complete_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complete_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Complete editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complete_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutsch_catalogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsch_catalogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Deutsch catalogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsch_catalogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbering_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbering_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Numbering issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbering_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recognition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tributes_by_other_musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes_by_other_musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tributes by other musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes_by_other_musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Commemorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sheet_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheet_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sheet music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheet_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Franz Schubert</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%BD_%E1%88%B9%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ፍራንጽ ሹበርት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍራንጽ ሹበርት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانز شوبرت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانز شوبرت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_%C5%9Eubert" title="Frans Şubert – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frans Şubert" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانز پیتر شوبرت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانز پیتر شوبرت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ফ্রানৎস শুবার্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রানৎস শুবার্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Петер Шуберт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франц Петер Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шубэрт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Франц Шубэрт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schubert_Franzl" title="Schubert Franzl – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schubert Franzl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84" title="Φραντς Σούμπερτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φραντς Σούμπερτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Шуберт, Франц – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шуберт, Франц" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانتس شوبرت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانتس شوبرت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%B8%A0_%EC%8A%88%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="프란츠 슈베르트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프란츠 슈베르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81_%D5%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ֆրանց Շուբերտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանց Շուբերտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A5_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פרנץ שוברט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנץ שוברט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფრანც შუბერტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანც შუბერტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Petrus_Schubert" title="Franciscus Petrus Schubert – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Petrus Schubert" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_%C5%A0%C5%ABberts" title="Francis Šūberts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francis Šūberts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് ഷൂബർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ് ഷൂബർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="फ्रांत्स शुबर्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रांत्स शुबर्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფრანც შუბერტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანც შუბერტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانتس شوبيرت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانتس شوبيرت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانتس شوبرت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانتس شوبرت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဖရန့်ဇ် ရှူးဘတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖရန့်ဇ် ရှူးဘတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="フランツ・シューベルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランツ・シューベルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Шуберт, Франц – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шуберт, Франц" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Peter_Schubert" title="Franz Peter Schubert – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Franz Peter Schubert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Шуберт, Франц – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шуберт, Франц" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਜ਼ ਸ਼ੂਬਰਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਜ਼ ਸ਼ੂਬਰਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانز شوبرت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانز شوبرت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants_%C5%9Eubert" title="Frants Şubert – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frants Şubert" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Шуберт, Франц – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шуберт, Франц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Peter_Schubert" title="Franz Peter Schubert – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Franz Peter Schubert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فرانتس شووبێرت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرانتس شووبێرت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Шуберт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франц Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிராண்ஸ் சூபேர்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராண்ஸ் சூபேர்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants_%C5%9Eubert" title="Frants Şubert – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Frants Şubert" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="ฟรันทซ์ ชูเบิร์ท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรันทซ์ ชูเบิร์ท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Франц Петер Шуберт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франц Петер Шуберт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="فرانز شوبرٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانز شوبرٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ubert_Franc" title="Šubert Franc – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šubert Franc" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Franz Schubert" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian composer (1797–1828)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Schubert" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Schubart" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubart">Schubart</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Schubert_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Schubert (disambiguation)">Schubert (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the similarly-named Dresden-based composer, see <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Schubert" title="François Schubert">François Schubert</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Franz Schubert</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/220px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/330px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/440px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2906" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1875 portrait, after an 1825 original</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1797-01-31</span>)</span>31 January 1797<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 1828<span style="display:none">(1828-11-19)</span> (aged 31)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Vienna</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Composer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions by Franz Schubert</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Signature of Franz Schubert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg/150px-Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg/225px-Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg/300px-Franz_Schubert_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="137" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Franz Peter Schubert</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[fʁants<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpeːtɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃuːbɐt]</a></span>; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> eras. Despite his short life, Schubert left behind a <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">vast <i>oeuvre</i></a>, including more than 600 <i><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lieder</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Art_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Art songs">art songs</a> in German) and other vocal works, seven complete <a href="/wiki/Symphonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonies">symphonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacred_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred music">sacred music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incidental_music" title="Incidental music">incidental music</a>, and a large body of piano and <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a>. His major works include "<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Gretchen_am_Spinnrade" title="Gretchen am Spinnrade">Gretchen am Spinnrade</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ave Maria</a>"; the <a href="/wiki/Trout_Quintet" title="Trout Quintet"><i>Trout</i> Quintet</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)">Symphony No. 8 in B minor</a> (<i>Unfinished</i>); the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">Symphony No. 9 in C major</a> (<i>Great</i>); the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 14 in D minor</a> (<i>Death and the Maiden</i>); the <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet in C major</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Impromptus_(Schubert)" title="Impromptus (Schubert)">Impromptus</a> for solo piano; the <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas" title="Schubert's last sonatas">last three piano sonatas</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_in_F_minor_(Schubert)" title="Fantasia in F minor (Schubert)">Fantasia in F minor</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piano_four_hands" title="Piano four hands">piano four hands</a>; the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Fierrabras_(opera)" title="Fierrabras (opera)">Fierrabras</a></i>; the incidental music to the play <i><a href="/wiki/Rosamunde" title="Rosamunde">Rosamunde</a></i>; and the <a href="/wiki/Song_cycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Song cycles">song cycles</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin" title="Die schöne Müllerin">Die schöne Müllerin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schwanengesang" title="Schwanengesang">Schwanengesang</a></i>. </p><p>Born in the <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund#District_sections" title="Alsergrund">Himmelpfortgrund</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Schubert showed uncommon gifts for music from an early age. His father gave him his first violin lessons and his elder brother gave him piano lessons, but Schubert soon exceeded their abilities. In 1808, at the age of eleven, he became a pupil at the Stadtkonvikt school, where he became acquainted with the orchestral music of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>. He left the Stadtkonvikt at the end of 1813 and returned home to live with his father, where he began studying to become a schoolteacher. Despite this, he continued his studies in composition with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a> and still composed prolifically. In 1821, Schubert was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_der_Musikfreunde" title="Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde">Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde</a> as a performing member, which helped establish his name among the Viennese citizenry. He gave a concert of his works to critical acclaim in March 1828, the only time he did so in his career. He died eight months later at the age of 31, the cause officially attributed to <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a>, but believed by some historians to be <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>. </p><p>Appreciation of Schubert's music while he was alive was limited to a relatively small circle of admirers in Vienna, but interest in his work increased greatly in the decades following his death. <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> and other 19th-century composers discovered and championed his works. Today, Schubert is considered one of the greatest composers in the history of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Music">Western classical music</a> and his music continues to be widely performed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franz Peter Schubert was born in <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund#District_sections" title="Alsergrund">Himmelpfortgrund</a> (now a part of <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund" title="Alsergrund">Alsergrund</a>), Vienna, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a>, on 31 January 1797, and baptized in the Catholic Church the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the twelfth child of Franz Theodor Florian Schubert (1763–1830) and Maria Elisabeth Katharina Vietz (1756–1812).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert's immediate ancestors came originally from the province of <a href="/wiki/Zlat%C3%A9_Hory" title="Zlaté Hory">Zuckmantel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Silesia" title="Austrian Silesia">Austrian Silesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreisslev1pg1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, the son of a <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravian</a> peasant, was a well-known parish <a href="/wiki/Schoolmaster" title="Schoolmaster">schoolmaster</a>, and his school in <a href="/wiki/Lichtental" title="Lichtental">Lichtental</a> (in Vienna's <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund" title="Alsergrund">ninth district</a>) had numerous students in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-KreissleWilber2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KreissleWilber2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He came to Vienna from Zuckmantel in 1784 and was appointed schoolmaster two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreisslev1pg1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Silesians" title="Silesians">Silesian</a> master <a href="/wiki/Locksmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Locksmith">locksmith</a> and had been a housemaid for a Viennese family before marriage. Of Franz Theodor and Elisabeth's fourteen children (one of them illegitimate, born in 1783),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nine died in infancy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsergrund_(Wien)_-_Schuberthaus_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG/220px-Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG/330px-Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG/440px-Alsergrund_%28Wien%29_-_Schuberthaus_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4250" data-file-height="2833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_birthplace" title="Schubert's birthplace">The house in which Schubert was born</a>, today Nußdorfer Straße 54</figcaption></figure> <p>At the age of five, Schubert began to receive regular lessons from his father, and a year later he was enrolled at his father's school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911383_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911383-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is not known exactly when he received his first musical instruction, he was given piano lessons by his brother Ignaz, but they lasted for a very short time as Schubert excelled him within a few months.<sup id="cite_ref-mckay11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mckay11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ignaz later recalled: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I was amazed when Franz told me, a few months after we began, that he had no need of any further instruction from me, and that for the future he would make his own way. And in truth his progress in a short period was so great that I was forced to acknowledge in him a master who had completely distanced and outstripped me, and whom I despaired of overtaking.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreissle_1866_p._5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>His father gave him his first <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> lessons when he was eight years old, training him to the point where he could play easy duets proficiently.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, Schubert was given his first lessons outside the family by Michael Holzer, organist and choirmaster of the local parish church in Lichtental. Holzer would often assure Schubert's father, with tears in his eyes, that he had never had such a pupil as Schubert,<sup id="cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreissle_1866_p._5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the lessons may have largely consisted of conversations and expressions of admiration.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holzer gave the young Schubert instruction in piano and organ as well as in <a href="/wiki/Figured_bass" title="Figured bass">figured bass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreissle_1866_p._5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Holzer, however, he did not give him any real instruction as Schubert would already know anything that he tried to teach him; rather, he looked upon Schubert with "astonishment and silence".<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boy seemed to gain more from an acquaintance with a friendly apprentice <a href="/wiki/Joiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Joiner">joiner</a> who took him to a neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianoforte">pianoforte</a> warehouse where Schubert could practise on better instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilberforce3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilberforce3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also played <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a> in the family string quartet, with his brothers <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Schubert" title="Ferdinand Schubert">Ferdinand</a> and Ignaz on first and second violin and his father on the <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a>. Schubert wrote his earliest string quartets for this ensemble.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife26_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife26-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Young Schubert first came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a>, then Vienna's leading musical authority, in 1804, when his vocal talent was recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife26_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife26-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1808, he became a pupil at the Stadtkonvikt (Imperial Seminary) through a choir scholarship. At the Stadtkonvikt, he was introduced to the overtures and symphonies of Mozart, the symphonies of Joseph Haydn and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Michael_Haydn" title="Michael Haydn">Michael Haydn</a>, and the overtures and symphonies of <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>, a composer for whom he developed admiration.<sup id="cite_ref-McKay22_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay22-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His exposure to these and other works, combined with occasional visits to the opera, laid the foundation for a broader musical education.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan7_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One important musical influence came from the songs by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Zumsteeg" title="Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg">Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg</a>, an important composer of <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lieder</a>. The precocious young student "wanted to modernize" Zumsteeg's songs, as reported by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Spaun" title="Joseph von Spaun">Joseph von Spaun</a>, Schubert's friend.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife29_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife29-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert's friendship with Spaun began at the Stadtkonvikt and lasted throughout his short life. In those early days, the financially well-off Spaun furnished the impoverished Schubert with much of his manuscript paper.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan7_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, Schubert's talent began to show in his compositions; Salieri decided to start training him privately in <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a> and composition. According to Ferdinand, the boy's first composition for piano was a <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_in_G_major_for_piano_four-hands,_D_1_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy in G major for piano four-hands, D 1 (Schubert)">Fantasy for four hands</a>; his first song, <i>Klagegesang der Hagar</i>, was written a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreisslev1pg6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert was occasionally permitted to lead the Stadtkonvikt's orchestra,<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first orchestra he wrote for. He devoted much of the rest of his time at the Stadtkonvikt to composing chamber music, several songs, piano pieces and, more ambitiously, liturgical choral works in the form of a "Salve Regina" (D 27), a "Kyrie" (D 31), in addition to the unfinished "Octet for Winds" (D 72, said to commemorate the 1812 death of his mother),<sup id="cite_ref-Frost9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">cantata</a> <i>Wer ist groß?</i> for male voices and orchestra (D 110, for his father's birthday in 1813), and his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Schubert)">first symphony</a> (D 82).<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan10_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan10-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teacher_at_his_father's_school"><span id="Teacher_at_his_father.27s_school"></span>Teacher at his father's school</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teacher at his father's school"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert,_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg/220px-Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg/330px-Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg/440px-Re-touched_possible_portrait_of_the_young_Schubert%2C_by_Josef_Abeljpg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Possible portrait of the young Franz Schubert <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1814</span>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Josef_Abel" title="Josef Abel">Josef Abel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of 1813, Schubert left the Stadtkonvikt and returned home for teacher training at the St Anna Normal-<a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">hauptschule</a>. In 1814, he entered his father's school as the teacher of the youngest pupils. For over two years, young Schubert endured severe drudgery.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan13_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan13-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he found compensatory interests during this time. For example, Schubert continued to take private lessons in composition from Salieri, who provided him with more technical training than any of his other teachers, until they parted ways in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan9_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1814, Schubert met a young soprano named <a href="/wiki/Therese_Grob" title="Therese Grob">Therese Grob</a>, daughter of a local silk manufacturer, and wrote several of his <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical works</a> (including a "Salve Regina" and a "Tantum Ergo") for her; she was also a soloist in the premiere of his <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 1 (Schubert)">Mass No. 1</a> (D. 105) in September<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan13_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan13-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert wanted to marry her, but was hindered by the harsh marriage-consent law of 1815<sup id="cite_ref-SteblinMarry_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SteblinMarry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> requiring an aspiring bridegroom to show he had the means to support a family.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife39_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife39-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1816, after failing to gain a musical post in Laibach (now <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>), Schubert sent Ms. Grob's brother Heinrich a collection of songs, which was retained by the family into the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould64_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould64-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Schubert's most prolific years was 1815. He composed over 20,000 bars of music, more than half of which were for orchestra, including nine church works, a symphony, and about 140 Lieder.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould40_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould40-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that year, he was also introduced to <a href="/wiki/Anselm_H%C3%BCttenbrenner" title="Anselm Hüttenbrenner">Anselm Hüttenbrenner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Schober" title="Franz von Schober">Franz von Schober</a>, who would become his lifelong friends. Another friend, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Mayrhofer" title="Johann Mayrhofer">Johann Mayrhofer</a>, was introduced to him by Spaun in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout 1815, Schubert lived at home with his father. He continued to teach at the school and give private musical instruction, earning enough money for his basic needs, including clothing, manuscript paper, pens, and ink, but with little to no money left over for luxuries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spaun was well aware that Schubert was discontented with his life at the schoolhouse, and was concerned for Schubert's development intellectually and musically. In May 1816, Spaun moved from his apartment in Landskrongasse (in the inner city) to a new home in the <a href="/wiki/Landstra%C3%9Fe" title="Landstraße">Landstraße</a> suburb; one of the first things he did after he settled into the new home was to invite Schubert to spend a few days with him. This was probably Schubert's first visit away from home or school.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert's unhappiness during his years as a schoolteacher possibly showed early signs of <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, and it is virtually certain that Schubert suffered from <a href="/wiki/Cyclothymia" title="Cyclothymia">cyclothymia</a> throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, the musicologist <a href="/wiki/Maynard_Solomon" title="Maynard Solomon">Maynard Solomon</a> suggested that Schubert was erotically attracted to men,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a thesis that has been heatedly debated.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The musicologist and Schubert expert <a href="/wiki/Rita_Steblin" title="Rita Steblin">Rita Steblin</a> has said that he was "chasing women".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory of Schubert's sexuality or "Schubert as Other" has continued to influence current scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer Lorraine Byrne Bodley is sceptical "...of Solomon’s "outing" of Schubert, saying this misunderstands the passionate "homosocial" friendships of 19th-century Europe."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_from_friends">Support from friends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Support from friends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert,_circa_1825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg/170px-Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg/255px-Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg/340px-Karikatur_von_Johann_Michael_Voglund_Franz_Schubert%2C_circa_1825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of Johann Michael Vogl and Franz Schubert by <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Schober" title="Franz von Schober">Franz von Schober</a> (1825)</figcaption></figure> <p>Significant changes occurred in Schubert's life in 1816 when Schober, a student from an affluent family, invited him to lodge at his mother's house. The proposal was particularly opportune, for Schubert had just made the unsuccessful application for the post of <a href="/wiki/Kapellmeister" title="Kapellmeister">Kapellmeister</a> at Laibach, and he had also decided not to resume teaching duties at his father's school. By the end of the year, he became a guest in Schober's lodgings.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a time, he attempted to increase the household resources by giving music lessons, but they were soon abandoned, and he devoted himself to composition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I compose every morning, and when one piece is done, I begin another."<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan26_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan26-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this year, he focused on orchestral and choral works, although he also continued to write Lieder.<sup id="cite_ref-McKayBio56_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKayBio56-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of this work was unpublished, but manuscripts and copies circulated among friends and admirers.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife44_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife44-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1817, Schober introduced Schubert to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Vogl" title="Johann Michael Vogl">Johann Michael Vogl</a>, a prominent baritone twenty years Schubert's senior. Vogl, for whom Schubert went on to write a great many songs, became one of Schubert's main proponents in Viennese musical circles. Schubert also met Joseph Hüttenbrenner (brother of Anselm), who also played a role in promoting his music.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould66_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould66-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These, and an increasing circle of friends and musicians, became responsible for promoting, collecting, and, after his death, preserving his work.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan90_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan90-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ansch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Anschütz">Heinrich Anschütz</a> wrote in his memoirs that Schubert was an active member of the 1817–1818 <a href="/wiki/Unsinnsgesellschaft" title="Unsinnsgesellschaft">Unsinnsgesellschaft</a> (Nonsenses Society), and various scholars agree with this.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Kaleidoskop%26Draisine.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption><i>Das <a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope" title="Kaleidoscope">Kaleidoskop</a> und die <a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Draisine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Kupelwieser" title="Leopold Kupelwieser">Leopold Kupelwieser</a>'s caricature of himself and Franz Schubert for the <a href="/wiki/Unsinnsgesellschaft" title="Unsinnsgesellschaft">Unsinnsgesellschaft</a> (16 July 1818)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1817, Schubert's father gained a new position at a school in <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund#District_sections" title="Alsergrund">Rossau</a>, not far from Lichtental. Schubert rejoined his father and reluctantly took up teaching duties there. In early 1818, he applied for membership in the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_der_Musikfreunde" title="Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde">Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde</a>, intending to gain admission as an accompanist, but also so that his music, especially the songs, could be performed in the evening concerts. He was rejected on the basis that he was "no amateur", although he had been employed as a schoolteacher at the time and there were professional musicians already among the society's membership.<sup id="cite_ref-McKay75_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay75-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newbould69_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould69-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he began to gain more notice in the press, and the first public performance of a secular work, an overture performed in February 1818, received praise from the press in Vienna and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife59_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife59-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schubert spent the summer of 1818 as a music teacher to the family of Count Johann Karl <a href="/wiki/Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Esterházy">Esterházy</a> at their château in Zselíz (now <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeliezovce" title="Želiezovce">Želiezovce</a>, Slovakia). The pay was relatively good, and his duties teaching piano and singing to the two daughters, Marie and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Caroline Esterházy">Caroline</a>, were relatively light, allowing him to compose happily. Schubert may have written his <a href="/wiki/Three_Marches_militaires_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Marches militaires (Schubert)">Marches Militaire in D major</a> (D. 733 no. 1) for Marie and Caroline, in addition to other piano duets.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould235_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould235-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his return from Zselíz, he took up residence with his friend Mayrhofer.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould69_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould69-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waldm%C3%BCller,_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich,_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Waldm%C3%BCller%2C_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png/180px-Waldm%C3%BCller%2C_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Waldm%C3%BCller%2C_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png/270px-Waldm%C3%BCller%2C_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Waldm%C3%BCller%2C_%27La_soprano_Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C_el_bar%C3%ADtono_Johann_Michael_Vogl_y_Franz_Schubert_cantan_y_tocan_un_lied_a_tres_voces%27.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Sketch by <a href="/wiki/Waldm%C3%BCller" title="Waldmüller">Waldmüller</a> of a trio of singers <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Josephine Fröhlich">Josephine Fröhlich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Vogl" title="Johann Michael Vogl">Johann Michael Vogl</a> with Schubert singing at the piano</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early 1820s, Schubert was part of a close-knit circle of artists and students who had social gatherings together that became known as <i><a href="/wiki/Schubertiad" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubertiad">Schubertiads</a>.</i> Many of them took place in <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_Sonnleithner" title="Ignaz von Sonnleithner">Ignaz von Sonnleithner</a>'s large apartment in the Gundelhof (Brandstätte 5, Vienna). The tight circle of friends with which Schubert surrounded himself was dealt a blow in early 1820. Schubert and four of his friends were arrested by the Austrian police who, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, were on their guard against revolutionary activities and suspicious of any gathering of youth or students. One of Schubert's friends, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Senn" title="Johann Senn">Johann Senn</a>, was put on trial, imprisoned for over a year, and then permanently forbidden to enter Vienna. The other four, including Schubert, were "severely reprimanded", in part for "inveighing against [officials] with insulting and opprobrious language".<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife67_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife67-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Schubert never saw Senn again, he did set some of his poems, <i>Selige Welt</i> (D. 743) and <i>Schwanengesang</i> (D 744), to music. The incident may have played a role in a falling-out with Mayrhofer, with whom he was living at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife68_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife68-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schubert, who was only a little more than five feet tall,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was nicknamed "Schwammerl" by his friends, which Gibbs describes as translating to "Tubby" or "Little Mushroom".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Schwamm" is "mushroom" in the Austrian and Bavarian dialects of German; the ending "-erl" makes it a diminutive. Gibbs also claims he may have occasionally drunk to excess, noting that references to Schubert's heavy drinking "... come not only in later accounts, but also in documents dating from his lifetime."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_maturity">Musical maturity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Musical maturity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schubert's compositions of 1819 and 1820 show a marked advance in development and maturity of style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began the ultimately unfinished <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> <i>Lazarus</i> (D. 689) in February 1820. This was later followed by the hymn "Der 23. Psalm" (D. 706), the octet "<a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_Geister_%C3%BCber_den_Wassern" title="Gesang der Geister über den Wassern">Gesang der Geister über den Wassern</a>" (D. 714), the <a href="/wiki/Quartettsatz,_D._703_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartettsatz, D. 703 (Schubert)">Quartettsatz</a> in C minor (D. 703), the <i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_Fantasy" title="Wanderer Fantasy">Wanderer Fantasy</a></i> in C major for piano (D. 760), and additional smaller works. In 1820, two of Schubert's operas were staged: <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zwillingsbr%C3%BCder" title="Die Zwillingsbrüder">Die Zwillingsbrüder</a></i> (D. 647) appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Theater_am_K%C3%A4rntnertor" title="Theater am Kärntnertor">Theater am Kärntnertor</a> on 14 June, and <i>Die Zauberharfe</i> (D. 644) appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Theater_an_der_Wien" title="Theater an der Wien">Theater an der Wien</a> on 21 August.<sup id="cite_ref-Austin46_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin46-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitherto, his larger compositions (apart from his masses) had been restricted to the amateur orchestra at the Gundelhof (Brandstätte 5, Vienna), a society which grew out of the quartet-parties at his home. Now he began to assume a more prominent position, addressing a wider public.<sup id="cite_ref-Austin46_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin46-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publishers, however, remained distant, with <a href="/wiki/Anton_Diabelli" title="Anton Diabelli">Anton Diabelli</a> hesitantly agreeing to print some of his works on commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilberforce90_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilberforce90-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first seven opus numbers, all songs, appeared on these terms; then the commission ceased, and he began to receive parsimonious royalties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation improved somewhat in March 1821 when Vogl performed the song "<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a>" (D. 328) at a concert that was extremely well received.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilberforce25_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilberforce25-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That month, Schubert composed a Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli (D 718), being one of the fifty composers who contributed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Vaterl%C3%A4ndischer_K%C3%BCnstlerverein" title="Vaterländischer Künstlerverein">Vaterländischer Künstlerverein</a></i> publication. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg/220px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg/330px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg/440px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Watercolour of Franz Schubert by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_August_Rieder" title="Wilhelm August Rieder">Wilhelm August Rieder</a> (1825)</figcaption></figure> <p>The production of the two operas turned Schubert's attention more firmly than ever in the direction of the stage, where, for a variety of reasons, he was almost completely unsuccessful. All in all, he embarked on twenty stage projects, each of them failures that were quickly forgotten. In 1822, <i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_und_Estrella" title="Alfonso und Estrella">Alfonso und Estrella</a></i> was rejected, partly owing to its libretto, written by Schubert's friend <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Schober" title="Franz von Schober">Franz von Schober</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newbould173_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newbould173-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1823, <i><a href="/wiki/Fierrabras_(opera)" title="Fierrabras (opera)">Fierrabras</a></i> (D 796) was rejected: <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Barbaia" title="Domenico Barbaia">Domenico Barbaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a> for the court theatres, largely lost interest in new German opera due to the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a> and the Italian operatic style, and the failure of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Euryanthe" title="Euryanthe">Euryanthe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion245_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeCompanion245-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Die Verschworenen</i> (<i>The Conspirators</i>, D 787) was prohibited by the censor, apparently because of its title,<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbs111_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbs111-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the play <i><a href="/wiki/Rosamunde,_F%C3%BCrstin_von_Zypern" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosamunde, Fürstin von Zypern">Rosamunde, Fürstin von Zypern</a></i>, for which Schubert had written incidental music (D 797), was withdrawn after two nights, due to the play's poor quality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his operatic failures, Schubert's reputation was growing steadily on other fronts. In 1821, the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde finally accepted him as a performing member, and the number of performances of his music grew remarkably.<sup id="cite_ref-McKay101_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay101-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These performances helped Schubert's reputation grow rapidly among the members of the Gesellschaft<sup id="cite_ref-McKay101_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay101-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and established his name.<sup id="cite_ref-newbould173_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newbould173-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the members of the Gesellschaft, most notably <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_Sonnleithner" title="Ignaz von Sonnleithner">Ignaz von Sonnleithner</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Sonnleithner" title="Leopold von Sonnleithner">Leopold von Sonnleithner</a>, had a sizeable influence on the affairs of the society, and as a result of that and of Schubert's growing reputation, his works were included in three major concerts of the Gesellschaft in 1821. In April, one of his male-voice quartets was performed, and in November, his Overture in E minor (D. 648) received its first public performance;<sup id="cite_ref-McKay101_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKay101-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a different concert on the same day as the premiere of the Overture, his song <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Wanderer" title="Der Wanderer">Der Wanderer</a></i> (D. 489) was performed.<sup id="cite_ref-newbould173_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newbould173-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1822, Schubert made the acquaintance of both Weber and <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> but little came of it in either case;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, Beethoven is said to have acknowledged the younger man's gifts on a few occasions. On his deathbed, Beethoven is said to have looked into some of the younger man's works and exclaimed: "Truly, the spark of divine genius resides in this Schubert!" Beethoven also reportedly predicted that Schubert "would make a great sensation in the world," and regretted that he had not been more familiar with him earlier; he wished to see his operas and works for piano, but his severe illness prevented him from doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-lvbv1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lvbv1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years_and_masterworks">Last years and masterworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Last years and masterworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his preoccupation with the stage and subsequent official duties, Schubert wrote a significant amount of music during these years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed the <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._5_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 5 (Schubert)">Mass in A-flat major</a>, (D. 678) in 1822, and later that year embarked suddenly on a work which, more decisively than almost any other in those years, showed his maturing personal vision, the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)">Symphony in B minor</a>, known as the <i>Unfinished</i> Symphony (D. 759).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason he left it unfinished – after writing two movements and sketches some way into a third – continues to be discussed and written about, and it is also remarkable that he did not mention it to any of his friends, even though, as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Newbould" title="Brian Newbould">Brian Newbould</a> notes, he must have felt thrilled by what he was achieving.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg/220px-Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg/330px-Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg/440px-Franz_Schubert_by_Kriehuber_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Franz Schubert by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kriehuber" title="Josef Kriehuber">Josef Kriehuber</a> (1846)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1823, Schubert wrote his first large-scale <a href="/wiki/Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">song cycle</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin" title="Die schöne Müllerin">Die schöne Müllerin</a></i> (D. 795), setting poems by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Wilhelm Müller">Wilhelm Müller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould215_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould215-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This series, together with the later cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i> (D. 911, also setting texts of Müller in 1827) is widely considered one of the pinnacles of Lieder.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also composed the song <i><a href="/wiki/Du_bist_die_Ruh%27" title="Du bist die Ruh'">Du bist die Ruh'</a></i> (<i>You are rest and peace</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Reed1997_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reed1997-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D. 776) during this year. Also in that year, symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> first appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould210_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould210-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1824, he composed the Variations in E minor for flute and piano; <i>Trockne Blumen</i>, a song from the cycle <i>Die schöne Müllerin</i>; and several string quartets. He also wrote the <a href="/wiki/Arpeggione_Sonata" title="Arpeggione Sonata">Sonata in A minor</a> for <a href="/wiki/Arpeggione" title="Arpeggione">arpeggione</a> and piano (D. 821) at the time when there was a minor craze over that instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould221225_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould221225-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spring of that year, he wrote the <a href="/wiki/Octet_(Schubert)" title="Octet (Schubert)">Octet in F major</a> (D. 803), a sketch for a "Grand Symphony," and in the summer went back to <i>Zseliz</i>. There he became attracted to Hungarian musical idiom and wrote the <i>Divertissement à la hongroise</i> in G minor for piano duet (D. 818) and the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._13_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 13 (Schubert)">String Quartet in A minor</a> <i>Rosamunde</i> (D. 804).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been said that he held a hopeless passion for his pupil, the Countess <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Caroline Esterházy">Caroline Esterházy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the only work that bears a dedication to her is his <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_in_F_minor_for_piano_four-hands,_D_940_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia in F minor for piano four-hands, D 940 (Schubert)">Fantasia in F minor</a> for piano duet (D. 940). This dedication, however, can only be found in the first edition and not in Schubert's <a href="/wiki/Autograph_(manuscript)" title="Autograph (manuscript)">autograph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould218_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould218-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His friend <a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Bauernfeld" title="Eduard von Bauernfeld">Eduard von Bauernfeld</a> penned the following verse, which appears to reference Schubert's unrequited sentiments: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>In love with a Countess of youthful grace,<br /> —A pupil of Galt's; in desperate case<br /> Young Schubert surrenders himself to another,<br /> And fain would avoid such affectionate pother<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan99_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan99-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The setbacks of previous years were compensated by the prosperity and happiness of 1825. Publication had been moving more rapidly, the stress of poverty was for a time lightened, and in the summer he had a pleasant holiday in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a> where he was welcomed with enthusiasm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this tour that he produced the seven-song cycle <i>Fräulein am See</i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_of_the_Lake_(poem)" title="The Lady of the Lake (poem)">The Lady of the Lake</a></i>, and including "<a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ellens Gesang III</a>" ("Hymn to the Virgin") (D. 839, Op. 52, No. 6); the lyrics of Adam Storck's German translation of the Scott poem are now frequently replaced by the full text of the traditional Roman Catholic prayer <a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a> (<i>Ave Maria</i> in Latin), but for which the Schubert melody is not an original setting. The original only opens with the greeting "Ave Maria", which also recurs only in the refrain.<sup id="cite_ref-AveMariaSetting_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AveMariaSetting-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1825, Schubert also wrote the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A_minor,_D._845_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piano Sonata in A minor, D. 845 (Schubert)">Piano Sonata in A minor</a> (D 845, first published as op. 42), and began the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">Symphony in C major</a> (<i>Great C major</i>, D. 944), which was completed the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould228_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould228-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/170px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/255px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg/340px-Franz_Schubert_by_Wilhelm_August_Rieder_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2906" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_August_Rieder" title="Wilhelm August Rieder">Wilhelm August Rieder</a>: Oil painting, 1875, after Rieder's watercolor painting of 1825.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1826 to 1828, Schubert resided continuously in Vienna, except for a brief visit to <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Austria, in 1827. In 1826, he dedicated <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">a symphony</a> (D. 944, that later came to be known as the <i>Great C major</i>) to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde and received an honorarium in return.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 14</a> in D minor (D. 810), with the variations on <i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and the Maiden (song)">Death and the Maiden</a></i>, was written during the winter of 1825–1826, and first played on 25 January 1826. Later in the year came the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._15_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 15 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 15</a> in G major, (D 887, first published as op. 161), the <i><a href="/wiki/Rondo_in_B_minor_for_violin_and_piano,_D_895_(Schubert)" title="Rondo in B minor for violin and piano, D 895 (Schubert)">Rondo in B minor for violin and piano</a></i> (D. 895), <i>Rondeau brillant</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_G_major,_D._894_(Schubert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piano Sonata in G major, D. 894 (Schubert)">Piano Sonata in G major</a>, (D 894, first published as <i>Fantasie in G</i>, op. 78). He also produced in 1826 three <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespearian</a> songs, of which "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ständchen</i></span>" (D. 889) and "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/An_Sylvia" title="An Sylvia">An Sylvia</a></i></span>" (D. 891) were allegedly written on the same day, the former at a tavern where he broke his afternoon's walk, the latter on his return to his lodging in the evening.<sup id="cite_ref-SmithCarlson78_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithCarlson78-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The works of his last two years reveal a composer entering a new professional and compositional stage.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although parts of Schubert's personality were influenced by his friends, he nurtured an intensely personal dimension in solitude; it was out of this dimension that he wrote his greatest music.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The death of Beethoven affected Schubert deeply,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may have motivated Schubert to reach new artistic peaks. In 1827, Schubert wrote the song cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i> (D. 911), the Fantasy in C major for violin and piano (D. 934, first published as op. post. 159), the <a href="/wiki/Impromptus_(Schubert)" title="Impromptus (Schubert)">Impromptus</a> for piano, and the two piano trios (<a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Piano Trio No. 1 (Schubert)">the first</a> in B-flat major (D. 898), and <a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._2_(Schubert)" title="Piano Trio No. 2 (Schubert)">the second</a> in E-flat major, (D. 929);<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould261_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould261-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1828 the cantata <i>Mirjams Siegesgesang</i> (<i>Victory Song of Miriam</i>, D 942) on a text by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._6_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 6 (Schubert)">Mass in E-flat major</a> (D. 950), the <i>Tantum Ergo</i> (D. 962) in the same key, the <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet in C major</a> (D. 956), the second "Benedictus" to the <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._4_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 4 (Schubert)">Mass in C major</a> (D. 961), <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas" title="Schubert's last sonatas">the three final piano sonatas</a> (D. 958, D. 959, and D. 960), and the collection <i>13 Lieder nach Gedichten von Rellstab und Heine</i> for voice and piano, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Schwanengesang" title="Schwanengesang">Schwanengesang</a></i> (<i>Swan-song</i>, D. 957).<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould270_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould270-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This collection – which includes settings of words by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Rellstab" title="Ludwig Rellstab">Ludwig Rellstab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gabriel_Seidl" title="Johann Gabriel Seidl">Johann Gabriel Seidl</a> – is not a true song cycle like <i>Die schöne Müllerin</i> or <i>Winterreise</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The <i>Great C major</i> symphony is dated 1828, but Schubert scholars believe that this symphony was largely written in 1825–1826 (being referred to while he was on holiday at Gastein in 1825—that work, once considered lost, is now generally seen as an early stage of his C major symphony) and was revised for prospective performance in 1828. The orchestra of the Gesellschaft reportedly read through the symphony at a rehearsal, but never scheduled a public performance of it. The reasons continue to be unknown, although the difficulty of the symphony is a possible explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion203_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeCompanion203-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last weeks of his life, he began to sketch three movements for a new <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Schubert)">Symphony in D major</a> (D 936A);<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould385_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould385-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this work, he anticipates <a href="/wiki/Mahler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahler">Mahler</a>'s use of folksong-like harmonics and bare soundscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert expressed the wish, were he to survive his final illness, to further develop his knowledge of harmony and counterpoint, and had actually made appointments for lessons with the counterpoint master <a href="/wiki/Simon_Sechter" title="Simon Sechter">Simon Sechter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schonberg130_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schonberg130-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 March 1828, the anniversary of Beethoven's death, Schubert gave, for the only time in his career, a public concert of his own works.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould_1999_pp._265_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould_1999_pp._265-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concert was a success popularly and financially,<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould_1999_pp._265_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould_1999_pp._265-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it was overshadowed by <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolò Paganini</a>'s first appearances in Vienna shortly after.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg/220px-Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg/330px-Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg/440px-Schubert%27s_Brille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Schubert's glasses</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_illness_and_death">Final illness and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Final illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG/220px-Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG/330px-Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG/440px-Kalvarienbergkirche_Hernals_9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Memorial at the Kalvarienberg Church, <a href="/wiki/Hernals" title="Hernals">Hernals</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Franz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Schubert_Franz.jpg/220px-Schubert_Franz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Schubert_Franz.jpg/330px-Schubert_Franz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Schubert_Franz.jpg/440px-Schubert_Franz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>The site of Schubert's first tomb at <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4hring" title="Währing">Währing</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the midst of this creative activity, his health deteriorated. By the late 1820s, Schubert's health was failing and he confided to some friends that he feared that he was near death. In the late summer of 1828, he saw the physician Ernst Rinna, who may have confirmed Schubert's suspicions that he was ill beyond cure and likely to die soon.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould275_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould275-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his symptoms matched those of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> was then a common treatment for syphilis, again suggesting that Schubert suffered from it).<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbs168_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbs168-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of November, he again fell ill, experiencing headaches, fever, swollen joints, and vomiting. He was generally unable to retain solid food and his condition worsened. Five days before Schubert's death, his friend the violinist <a href="/wiki/Karl_Holz_(violinist)" title="Karl Holz (violinist)">Karl Holz</a> and his string quartet visited to play for him. The last musical work he had wished to hear was Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Beethoven)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Beethoven)">String Quartet No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 131</a>; Holz commented: "The King of Harmony has sent the King of Song a friendly bidding to the crossing".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schubert died in Vienna, aged 31, on 19 November 1828, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand. The cause of his death was officially diagnosed as typhoid fever, though other theories have been proposed, including the <a href="/wiki/Syphilis#Tertiary" title="Syphilis">tertiary stage of syphilis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould275_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould275-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are accounts by his friends that indirectly imply that he had contracted syphilis earlier, the symptoms of his final illness do not correspond with tertiary syphilis. Six weeks before his death, he walked 68 km (42 miles) in three days, ruling out musculoskeletal syphilis. In the months before his death, he composed his last work, "<a href="/wiki/Der_Hirt_auf_dem_Felsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Hirt auf dem Felsen">Der Hirt auf dem Felsen</a>", making <a href="/wiki/Neurosyphilis" title="Neurosyphilis">neurosyphilis</a> unlikely. Meningovascular syphilis is also unlikely because it presents a progressive stroke-like picture, and Schubert had no neurological manifestation until his final delirium, which started only two days before his death. Lastly, his final illness was characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms (namely vomiting). These issues all led Robert L. Rold to argue that (although he believed Schubert had syphilis), the fatal final illness was a gastrointestinal one such as <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">salmonella</a> or indeed typhoid fever. Rold also pointed out that when Schubert was in his final illness, his close friend Schober avoided visiting him "out of fear of contagion". Yet Schober had known of his earlier possible syphilis and had never avoided Schubert in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eva M. Cybulska goes further and says that Schubert's syphilis is a conjecture. His multi-system signs and symptoms, she says, could point at a number of different illness such as <a href="/wiki/Leukaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukaemia">leukaemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaemia">anaemia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a>, and that many tell-tale signs of syphilis — <a href="/wiki/Chancre" title="Chancre">chancre</a>, mucous plaques, rash on the thorax, pupil abnormality, <a href="/wiki/Dysgraphia" title="Dysgraphia">dysgraphia</a> — were absent. She argues that the syphilis diagnosis originated with Schubert's biographer Otto Deutsch in 1907, based on the aforementioned indirect references by his friends, and uncritically repeated ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schubert was buried, at his own request, near the grave of Beethoven, whom he had admired all his life, in the village cemetery of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4hring" title="Währing">Währing</a> on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Woods" title="Vienna Woods">Vienna Woods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan79_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan79-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year earlier he had served as a torchbearer at <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Death of Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven's funeral</a>. In 1872, <a href="/wiki/Schubert_Monument,_Vienna" title="Schubert Monument, Vienna">a memorial to Franz Schubert</a> was erected in Vienna's <a href="/wiki/Stadtpark,_Vienna" title="Stadtpark, Vienna">Stadtpark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan79_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan79-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1888, both Schubert's and Beethoven's graves were moved to the <a href="/wiki/Zentralfriedhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralfriedhof">Zentralfriedhof</a> where they are next to the later graves of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a> and Johannes Brahms.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbs197_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbs197-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a> was present at both exhumations, and he reached into both coffins and held the revered skulls in his hands.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cemetery in Währing was converted into a park in 1925, called the Schubert Park, and his former grave site was marked by a bust. His epitaph, written by his friend, the poet <a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a>, reads: <i>Die Tonkunst begrub hier einen reichen Besitz, aber noch viel schönere Hoffnungen</i> ("The art of music has here interred a precious treasure, but yet far fairer hopes"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions by Franz Schubert</a></div> <p>Schubert was remarkably prolific, writing over 1,500 works in his short career. His compositional style progressed rapidly throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-Gammond143_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammond143-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest number of his compositions are <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">songs for solo voice and piano</a> (roughly 630).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert also composed a considerable number of secular works for two or more voices, namely <a href="/wiki/Part_song" title="Part song">part songs</a>, choruses and cantatas. He completed eight orchestral overtures and seven complete symphonies, in addition to fragments of six others. While he composed no concertos, he did write three <a href="/wiki/Sinfonia_concertante" title="Sinfonia concertante">concertante</a> works for violin and orchestra. Schubert wrote a large body of music for solo piano, including eleven incontrovertibly completed sonatas and at least eleven more in varying states of completion,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> numerous miscellaneous works and many short dances, in addition to producing a large set of works for <a href="/wiki/Piano_four_hands" title="Piano four hands">piano four hands</a>. He also wrote over fifty chamber works, including some fragmentary works. Schubert's sacred output includes seven masses, one oratorio and one requiem, among other mass movements and numerous smaller compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-Ewen384_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ewen384-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed only eleven of his twenty stage works.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1947 the Austrian composer <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a> discussed Schubert's style, abashedly admitting that he had at first "shared the wide-spread opinion that Schubert was a lucky inventor of pleasing tunes ... lacking the dramatic power and searching intelligence which distinguished such 'real' masters as J. S. Bach or Beethoven". Krenek wrote that he reached a completely different assessment after a close study of Schubert's pieces at the urging of his friend and fellow composer <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Erdmann" title="Eduard Erdmann">Eduard Erdmann</a>. Krenek pointed to the piano sonatas as giving "ample evidence that [Schubert] was much more than an easy-going tune-smith who did not know, and did not care, about the craft of composition." Each sonata then in print, according to Krenek, exhibited "a great wealth of technical finesse" and revealed Schubert as "far from satisfied with pouring his charming ideas into conventional moulds; on the contrary he was a thinking artist with a keen appetite for experimentation."<sup id="cite_ref-Lev_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lev-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Instrumental_music,_stage_works_and_church_music"><span id="Instrumental_music.2C_stage_works_and_church_music"></span>Instrumental music, stage works and church music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Instrumental music, stage works and church music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of solo piano compositions by Franz Schubert">List of solo piano compositions by Franz Schubert</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Stage_works_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Stage works by Franz Schubert">Stage works by Franz Schubert</a></div> <p>That "appetite for experimentation" manifests itself repeatedly in Schubert's output in a wide variety of forms and genres, including opera, <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_music" title="Liturgical music">liturgical music</a>, chamber and solo piano music, and symphonic works. Perhaps most familiarly, his adventurousness is reflected in his notably original sense of modulation; for example, the second movement of the <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet</a> (D. 956), which is in E major, features a central section in the <a href="/wiki/Distant_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Distant key">distant key</a> of F minor.<sup id="cite_ref-Gammond117_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammond117-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also appears in unusual choices of instrumentation, as in the <a href="/wiki/Arpeggione_Sonata" title="Arpeggione Sonata">Sonata in A minor for arpeggione</a> and piano (D. 821), or the unconventional scoring of the <i><a href="/wiki/Trout_Quintet" title="Trout Quintet">Trout Quintet</a></i> (D. 667) for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, whereas conventional piano quintets are scored for piano and <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_-_Arpeggione_Sonata_-_1._Allegro_Moderato.ogg" title="File:Schubert - Arpeggione Sonata - 1. Allegro Moderato.ogg">Arpeggione Sonata, D. 821 (version for cello and piano), I. Allegro moderato</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="527" data-mwtitle="Schubert_-_Arpeggione_Sonata_-_1._Allegro_Moderato.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Schubert_-_Arpeggione_Sonata_-_1._Allegro_Moderato.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Schubert_-_Arpeggione_Sonata_-_1._Allegro_Moderato.ogg/Schubert_-_Arpeggione_Sonata_-_1._Allegro_Moderato.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Hans Goldstein (cello) and Clinton Adams (piano)</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_-_Piano_Sonatas_-_5_Moderato.ogg" title="File:Schubert - Piano Sonatas - 5 Moderato.ogg">Piano Sonata in B-flat major, D. 960, I. Molto moderato</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="848" data-mwtitle="Schubert_-_Piano_Sonatas_-_5_Moderato.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Schubert_-_Piano_Sonatas_-_5_Moderato.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Schubert_-_Piano_Sonatas_-_5_Moderato.ogg/Schubert_-_Piano_Sonatas_-_5_Moderato.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Randolph Hokanson, piano</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg" title="File:Schubert Symphony No. 8 'Unfinished' - 1- Allegro moderato in B minor.ogg">Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 ("Unfinished") – I. Allegro moderato</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="869" data-mwtitle="Schubert_Symphony_No._8_'Unfinished'_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg/Schubert_Symphony_No._8_%27Unfinished%27_-_1-_Allegro_moderato_in_B_minor.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Fulda Symphonic Orchestra and Simon Schindler</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Although Schubert was clearly influenced by the Classical <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata forms</a> of Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart, his formal structures and his developments tend to give the impression more of melodic development than of harmonic drama.<sup id="cite_ref-Gammond76_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammond76-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This combination of Classical form and long-breathed Romantic melody sometimes lends them a discursive style: his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)"><i>Great C Major Symphony</i></a> was described by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a> as running to "heavenly lengths".<sup id="cite_ref-Brown630_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown630-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lieder_and_art_songs">Lieder and art songs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lieder and art songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of songs by Franz Schubert">List of songs by Franz Schubert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_song_cycles" title="Schubert's song cycles">Schubert's song cycles</a></div> <p>It was in the genre of the <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">lied</a> that Schubert made his most indelible mark. <a href="/wiki/Leon_Plantinga" title="Leon Plantinga">Leon Plantinga</a> remarks that "in his more than six hundred Lieder he explored and expanded the potentialities of the genre, as no composer before him."<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to Schubert's influence, Lieder tended toward a <a href="/wiki/Strophic_form" title="Strophic form">strophic</a>, syllabic treatment of text, evoking the folksong qualities engendered by the stirrings of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Schubert's treatments of the poetry of <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, his settings of "<a href="/wiki/Gretchen_am_Spinnrade" title="Gretchen am Spinnrade">Gretchen am Spinnrade</a>" (D. 118) and "<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Der Erlkönig</a>" (D. 328) are particularly striking for their dramatic content, forward-looking uses of harmony, and use of eloquent pictorial keyboard figurations, such as the depiction of the spinning wheel and treadle in the piano in "Gretchen" and the furious and ceaseless gallop in "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Erlkönig</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Swafford211_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swafford211-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He composed music using the poems of myriad poets, with Goethe, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Mayrhofer" title="Johann Mayrhofer">Mayrhofer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiller">Schiller</a> the most frequent, and others, including <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_R%C3%BCckert" title="Friedrich Rückert">Friedrich Rückert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg/220px-Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg/330px-Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg/440px-Nebensonnen_D.911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3604" data-file-height="2836" /></a><figcaption>Autograph of <i>Die Nebensonnen</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Sun_dog" title="Sun dog">Sun dogs</a>) from <i>Winterreise</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Of particular note are his two <a href="/wiki/Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">song cycles</a> on the poems of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Wilhelm Müller">Wilhelm Müller</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin" title="Die schöne Müllerin">Die schöne Müllerin</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i>, which helped to establish the genre and its potential for musical, poetic, and almost operatic dramatic narrative. His last collection of songs, published in 1828 after his death, <i><a href="/wiki/Schwanengesang" title="Schwanengesang">Schwanengesang</a></i>, is also an innovative contribution to German Lieder literature, as it features poems by different poets, namely <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Rellstab" title="Ludwig Rellstab">Ludwig Rellstab</a>, Heine, and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gabriel_Seidl" title="Johann Gabriel Seidl">Johann Gabriel Seidl</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Theaterzeitung" title="Wiener Theaterzeitung">Wiener Theaterzeitung</a></i>, writing about <i>Winterreise</i> at the time, commented that it was a work that "none can sing or hear without being deeply moved".<sup id="cite_ref-Gammond153_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammond153-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> wrote in 1894 that Schubert, whom he considered one of the truly great composers, was clearly influential on shorter works, especially Lieder and shorter piano works: "The tendency of the romantic school has been toward short forms, and although Weber helped to show the way, to Schubert belongs the chief credit of originating the short models of piano forte pieces which the romantic school has preferably cultivated.... Schubert created a new epoch with the Lied.... All other songwriters have followed in his footsteps."<sup id="cite_ref-CentIll345_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CentIll345-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publication_–_catalogue"><span id="Publication_.E2.80.93_catalogue"></span>Publication – catalogue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publication – catalogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Haus00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Schubert_Haus00.jpg/220px-Schubert_Haus00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Schubert_Haus00.jpg/330px-Schubert_Haus00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Schubert_Haus00.jpg/440px-Schubert_Haus00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Interior of museum at Schubert's birthplace, Vienna, 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>When Schubert died he had around 100 <a href="/wiki/Opus_number" title="Opus number">opus numbers</a> published, mainly songs, chamber music and smaller piano compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publication of smaller pieces continued (including opus numbers up to 173 in the 1860s, 50 instalments with songs published by <a href="/wiki/Diabelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabelli">Diabelli</a> and dozens of first publications <a href="/wiki/Edition_Peters" title="Edition Peters">Peters</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the manuscripts of many of the longer works, whose existence was not widely known, remained hidden in cabinets and file boxes of Schubert's family, friends, and publishers.<sup id="cite_ref-GroveAppendix_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveAppendix-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even some of Schubert's friends were unaware of the full scope of what he wrote, and for many years he was primarily recognized as the "prince of song", although there was recognition of some of his larger-scale efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-GibbsLife61_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbsLife61-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1838 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, on a visit to Vienna, found the dusty manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">C major Symphony</a> (D. 944) and took it back to <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> where it was performed by <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a> and celebrated in the <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift</a>.</i> An important step towards the recovery of the neglected works was the journey to Vienna which the music historian <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">George Grove</a> and the composer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a> made in October 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The travellers unearthed the manuscripts of six of the symphonies, parts of the incidental music to <i><a href="/wiki/Rosamunde" title="Rosamunde">Rosamunde</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 1 (Schubert)">Mass No. 1 in F major</a> (D. 105), and the operas <i>Des Teufels Lustschloss</i> (D. 84), <i>Fernardo</i> (D. 220), <i><a href="/wiki/Der_vierj%C3%A4hrige_Posten" title="Der vierjährige Posten">Der vierjährige Posten</a></i> (D. 190), and <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Freunde_von_Salamanka" title="Die Freunde von Salamanka">Die Freunde von Salamanka</a></i> (D. 326), and several other unnamed works. With these discoveries, Grove and Sullivan were able to inform the public of the existence of these works; in addition, they were able to copy the fourth and sixth symphonies, the <i>Rosamunde</i> incidental music, and the overture to <i>Die Freunde von Salamanka</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-GroveAppendix_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveAppendix-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to more widespread public interest in Schubert's work.<sup id="cite_ref-WideInterest_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WideInterest-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Complete_editions">Complete editions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Complete editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_(1846).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png/170px-Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png/255px-Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png/340px-Litograph_of_Franz_Schubert_by_Josef_Kriehuber_%281846%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Lithograph of Franz Schubert by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kriehuber" title="Josef Kriehuber">Josef Kriehuber</a> (1846)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert%27s_Works" title="Franz Schubert's Works">Franz Schubert's Works</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neue_Schubert-Ausgabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Neue Schubert-Ausgabe">Neue Schubert-Ausgabe</a></div> <p>From 1884 to 1897, <a href="/wiki/Breitkopf_%26_H%C3%A4rtel" title="Breitkopf & Härtel">Breitkopf & Härtel</a> published <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert%27s_Works" title="Franz Schubert's Works">Franz Schubert's Works</a>, a critical edition including a contribution made – among others – by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a>, editor of the first series containing eight symphonies.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publication of the <a href="/wiki/Neue_Schubert-Ausgabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Neue Schubert-Ausgabe">Neue Schubert-Ausgabe</a> by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a> started in the second half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deutsch_catalogue">Deutsch catalogue</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Deutsch catalogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Schubert_Thematic_Catalogue" title="Schubert Thematic Catalogue">Schubert Thematic Catalogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schubert_opus/Deutsch_number_concordance" title="Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance">Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions by Franz Schubert</a></div> <p>Since relatively few of Schubert's works were published in his lifetime, only a small number of them have <a href="/wiki/Opus_number" title="Opus number">opus numbers</a> assigned, and even in those cases, the sequence of the numbers does not give a good indication of the order of composition. Austrian <a href="/wiki/Musicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicologist">musicologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Otto Erich Deutsch</a> (1883–1967) is known for compiling the first comprehensive catalogue of Schubert's works. This was first published in English in 1951 (<i><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Thematic_Catalogue" title="Schubert Thematic Catalogue">Schubert Thematic Catalogue</a></i>) and subsequently revised for a new edition in German in 1978 (<i><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert:_Thematisches_Verzeichnis_seiner_Werke_in_chronologischer_Folge" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Schubert: Thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge">Franz Schubert: Thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge</a></i> – Franz Schubert: Thematic Catalogue of his Works in Chronological Order).<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Numbering_issues">Numbering issues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Numbering issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_symphonies#Numbering_issues" title="Schubert's symphonies">Schubert's symphonies § Numbering issues</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert#Numbering_of_the_Piano_Sonatas" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert § Numbering of the Piano Sonatas</a></div> <p>Confusion arose quite early over the <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_symphonies#Numbering_issues" title="Schubert's symphonies">numbering of Schubert's late symphonies</a>. Schubert's last completed symphony, the <i>Great C major</i> <a href="/wiki/D._944" class="mw-redirect" title="D. 944">D 944</a>, was assigned the numbers 7, 8, 9 and 10, depending on publication. Similarly the <i>Unfinished</i> <a href="/wiki/D._759" class="mw-redirect" title="D. 759">D 759</a> has been indicated with the numbers 7, 8, and 9.<sup id="cite_ref-numbering_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbering-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The order usually followed for these late symphonies by English-language sources is: </p> <ul><li>No. 7: <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Schubert)">E major</a>, D 729</li> <li>No. 8: <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)">B minor</a>, D 759 <i>Unfinished</i></li> <li>No. 9: <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">C major</a>, D 944 <i>Great C major</i></li> <li>No. 10: <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Schubert)">D major</a>, D 936A</li></ul> <p>An even broader confusion arose over the <a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert#Numbering_of_the_Piano_Sonatas" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">numbering of the piano sonatas</a>, with numbering systems ranging from 15 to 23 sonatas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instruments">Instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among pianos Schubert had access to were a Benignus Seidner piano (now displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Museum#Birthplace_of_Franz_Schubert" title="Vienna Museum">Schubert Geburtshaus</a> in Vienna) and an <a href="/wiki/Anton_Walter" title="Anton Walter">Anton Walter</a> & Sohn piano (today in the collection of the Vienna <a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum" title="Kunsthistorisches Museum">Kunsthistorisches Museum</a>). Schubert was also familiar with instruments by Viennese piano builder <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Graf" title="Conrad Graf">Conrad Graf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appreciated the potential these early nineteenth-century instruments possessed for both intimate and extrovert, virtuosic playing.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A feeling of regret for the loss of potential masterpieces caused by Schubert's early death at age 31 was expressed in the epitaph on his large tombstone written by Grillparzer: "Here music has buried a treasure, but even fairer hopes."<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan80_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan80-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some prominent musicians share a similar view, including the pianist <a href="/wiki/Radu_Lupu" title="Radu Lupu">Radu Lupu</a>, who said: "[Schubert] is the composer for whom I am really most sorry that he died so young. ... Just before he died, when he wrote his beautiful two-cello String Quintet in C, he said very modestly that he was trying to learn a little more about counterpoint, and he was perfectly right. We'll never know in what direction he was going or would have gone."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, others have expressed disagreement with this early view. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a> said: "It is pointless to guess at what more [Schubert] might have achieved. He did enough; and let them be honoured who have striven and accomplished as he did",<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the pianist <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Schiff" title="András Schiff">András Schiff</a> said that: "Schubert lived a very short life, but it was a very concentrated life. In 31 years, he lived more than other people would live in 100 years, and it is needless to speculate what could he have written had he lived another 50 years. It's irrelevant, just like with Mozart: these are the two natural geniuses of music."<sup id="cite_ref-schiff_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schiff-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg/220px-Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg/330px-Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg/440px-Schubert_Denkmal_Stadtpark_Wien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Monument,_Vienna" title="Schubert Monument, Vienna">The Schubert Denkmal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Schubertbund" title="Wiener Schubertbund">Wiener Schubertbund</a>, one of Vienna's leading choral societies, was founded in 1863, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a> was taking place. The Schubertbund quickly became a rallying point for schoolteachers and other members of the Viennese middle class who felt increasingly embattled during the Gründerzeit and the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a>. In 1872, the dedication of the Schubert Denkmal, a gift to the city from Vienna's leading male chorus, the <a href="/wiki/Wiener_M%C3%A4nnergesang-Verein" title="Wiener Männergesang-Verein">Wiener Männergesang-Verein</a>, took place; the chorus performed at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Denkmal was designed by Austrian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Carl_Kundmann" title="Carl Kundmann">Carl Kundmann</a> and is located in Vienna's <a href="/wiki/Stadtpark,_Vienna" title="Stadtpark, Vienna">Stadtpark</a>. </p><p>Schubert's chamber music continues to be popular. In a <a href="/wiki/Classic_100_chamber_(ABC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic 100 chamber (ABC)">survey</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Classic FM">ABC Classic FM</a> radio station in 2008, Schubert's chamber works dominated the field, with the <i>Trout Quintet</i> ranked first, the <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet in C major</a> ranked second, and the <a href="/wiki/Notturno_(Schubert)" title="Notturno (Schubert)">Notturno in E-flat major for piano trio</a> ranked third. Furthermore, eight more of his chamber works were among the 100 ranked pieces: both piano trios, the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 14 (<i>Death and the Maiden</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._15_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 15 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 15</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arpeggione_Sonata" title="Arpeggione Sonata">Arpeggione Sonata</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Octet_(Schubert)" title="Octet (Schubert)">Octet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_in_F_minor_(Schubert)" title="Fantasia in F minor (Schubert)">Fantasie in F minor for piano four-hands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Adagio_and_Rondo_Concertante" title="Adagio and Rondo Concertante"><i>Adagio and Rondo Concertante</i> for piano quartet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> chief music critic <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Anthony Tommasini</a>, who ranked Schubert as the fourth greatest composer, wrote of him:</p><blockquote><p>You have to love the guy, who died at 31, ill, impoverished and neglected except by a circle of friends who were in awe of his genius. For his hundreds of songs alone – including the haunting cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i>, which will never release its tenacious hold on singers and audiences – Schubert is central to our concert life... Schubert's first few symphonies may be works in progress. But the <i>Unfinished</i> and especially the <i>Great C major</i> Symphony are astonishing. The latter one paves the way for <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a> and prefigures <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributes_by_other_musicians">Tributes by other musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tributes by other musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schubert-Klimt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Schubert-Klimt.jpg/220px-Schubert-Klimt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Schubert-Klimt.jpg/330px-Schubert-Klimt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Schubert-Klimt.jpg/440px-Schubert-Klimt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2191" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Schubert_at_the_Piano" title="Schubert at the Piano">Schubert at the Piano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a> (1899)</figcaption></figure> <p>From the 1830s through the 1870s, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> transcribed and arranged several of Schubert's works, particularly the songs. Liszt, who was a significant force in spreading Schubert's work after his death, said Schubert was "the most poetic musician who ever lived."<sup id="cite_ref-Suttoni_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suttoni-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schubert's symphonies were of particular interest to <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a> acknowledged the influence of the <i>Great C Major</i> Symphony.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould404_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould404-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Schumann, after seeing the manuscript of the symphony in Vienna in 1838, brought it to the attention of Mendelssohn. Mendelssohn then conducted the first performance of the symphony, albeit in a heavily abridged version, in Leipzig in 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, composers including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Crumb" title="George Crumb">George Crumb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Zender" title="Hans Zender">Hans Zender</a> championed or paid homage to Schubert in some of their works. Britten, an accomplished pianist, accompanied many of Schubert's Lieder and performed many piano solo and duet works.<sup id="cite_ref-Newbould404_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newbould404-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German electronic music group <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> has a track titled "Franz Schubert" on their 1977 album <i><a href="/wiki/Trans-Europe_Express_(album)" title="Trans-Europe Express (album)">Trans-Europe Express</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemorations">Commemorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Commemorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1897, the 100th anniversary of Schubert's birth was marked in the musical world by festivals and performances dedicated to his music. In Vienna, there were ten days of concerts, and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph</a> gave a speech recognising Schubert as the creator of the art song, and one of Austria's favourite sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodenberg118_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodenberg118-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MT189702_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT189702-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> saw the first production of his opera <i><a href="/wiki/Fierrabras_(opera)" title="Fierrabras (opera)">Fierrabras</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion318_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeCompanion318-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, Schubert Week was held in Europe and the United States to mark the centenary of the composer's death. Works by Schubert were performed in churches, in concert halls, and on radio stations. A competition, with top prize money of <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>10,000 and sponsorship by the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Phonograph Company</a>, was held for "original symphonic works presented as an apotheosis of the lyrical genius of Schubert, and dedicated to his memory".<sup id="cite_ref-time1928_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time1928-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winning entry was <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Atterberg" title="Kurt Atterberg">Kurt Atterberg</a>'s sixth symphony.<sup id="cite_ref-time1928_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time1928-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film_and_television">In film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schubert has featured as a character in several films including <i><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_Dream_of_Spring" title="Schubert's Dream of Spring">Schubert's Dream of Spring</a></i> (1931), <i><a href="/wiki/Gently_My_Songs_Entreat" title="Gently My Songs Entreat">Gently My Songs Entreat</a></i> (1933), <i><a href="/wiki/Serenade_(1940_film)" title="Serenade (1940 film)">Serenade</a></i> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Awakening_(film)" title="The Great Awakening (film)">The Great Awakening</a></i> (1941)—whose plot is based on a fictional episode of him fleeing Vienna to Hungary to avoid conscription<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Only_Love_(film)" title="It's Only Love (film)">It's Only Love</a> (1947), <i><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert_(film)" title="Franz Schubert (film)">Franz Schubert</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Dreim%C3%A4derlhaus" title="Das Dreimäderlhaus">Das Dreimäderlhaus</a></i> (1958), and <i><a href="/wiki/Mit_meinen_hei%C3%9Fen_Tr%C3%A4nen" title="Mit meinen heißen Tränen">Mit meinen heißen Tränen</a></i> (1986). </p><p>Schubert's life was covered in the documentary <i>Franz Peter Schubert: The Greatest Love and the Greatest Sorrow</i> by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nupen" title="Christopher Nupen">Christopher Nupen</a> (1994),<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the documentary <i>Schubert – The Wanderer</i> by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Schiff" title="András Schiff">András Schiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mischa_Scorer" title="Mischa Scorer">Mischa Scorer</a> (1997), both produced for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-schiff_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schiff-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Great Performances," "Now Hear This: The Schubert Generation Series," hosted by Scott Yoo, explored commentary and performances by contemporary musician admirers.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schubert's music has also been featured in numerous films: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i> (1940) features <a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ave Maria (D. 839)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Au_hasard_Balthazar" title="Au hasard Balthazar">Au hasard Balthazar</a></i> (1966) features the <a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas" title="Schubert's last sonatas">Piano Sonata No. 20 in A Major (D. 959)</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Barry_Lyndon" title="Barry Lyndon">Barry Lyndon</a></i> (1975) features the second movement from the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._2_(Schubert)" title="Piano Trio No. 2 (Schubert)">Piano Trio No. 2 in E-Flat Major, Op. 100/D.929</a>.</li> <li>The English version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Milo_and_Otis" title="The Adventures of Milo and Otis">The Adventures of Milo and Otis</a></i> (1989) features <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4ndchen_(Schubert)" title="Ständchen (Schubert)">Serenade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auf_dem_Wasser_zu_singen" title="Auf dem Wasser zu singen">Auf dem Wasser zu singen (D. 774)</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Crimes_and_Misdemeanors" title="Crimes and Misdemeanors">Crimes and Misdemeanors</a></i> (1989) prominently features <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._15_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 15 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 15 in G</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_(film)" title="Death and the Maiden (film)">Death and the Maiden</a></i> (1994) features and takes its name from the music of the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">String Quartet No. 14 in D minor</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Maiden_Quartet" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and the Maiden Quartet">Death and the Maiden</a></i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Carrington_(film)" title="Carrington (film)">Carrington</a></i> (1995) features the second movement of the <a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet in C major (D. 956)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchroeder2009272–274_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroeder2009272–274-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Guy_Ritchie" title="Guy Ritchie">Guy Ritchie</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a></i> (2011) features the <a href="/wiki/Trout_Quintet" title="Trout Quintet">Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (<i>Trout Quintet</i>)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D 537, 568, 575, 664, 784, 845, 850, 894, 958, 959, 960 incontrovertibly complete; D 157, 279, 459, 557, 566 as further sonatas whose completeness has been debated; D 571, 613, 625, 655, 769A, 840 as further unfinished sonatas; and many other possible sonata fragments and isolated movements possibly associated with some of the above-listed sonatas.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreisslev1pg1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kreissle1">Kreissle (1869)</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KreissleWilber2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KreissleWilber2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wilberforce">Wilberforce (1866)</a>, p. 2: "the school was much frequented"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Steblin" title="Rita Steblin">Steblin, Rita</a> (2001). "Franz Schubert – das dreizehnte Kind", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiener_Geschichtsbl%C3%A4tter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiener Geschichtsblätter (page does not exist)">Wiener Geschichtsblätter</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Geschichtsbl%C3%A4tter" class="extiw" title="de:Wiener Geschichtsblätter">de</a>]</span></i>, 245–265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911383-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911383_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadow1911">Hadow 1911</a>, p. 383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mckay11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mckay11_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreissle_1866_p._5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kreissle_1866_p._5_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kreissle1">Kreissle (1869)</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BrownNG">Brown (1983)</a>, pp. 2–3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilberforce3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilberforce3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wilberforce">Wilberforce (1866)</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife26-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife26_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife26_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKay22-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKay22_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan5_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, pp. 5–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan7-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan7_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan7_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife29-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife29_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreisslev1pg6-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kreisslev1pg6_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kreissle1">Kreissle (1869)</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan9_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan9_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frost9-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frost9_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Frost">Frost (1915)</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan10-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan10_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan13-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan13_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan13_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, pp. 13–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benedikt, Erich. "Notizen zu Schuberts Messen. Mit neuem Uraufführungsdatum der Messe in F-Dur", <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichische_Musikzeitschrift" title="Österreichische Musikzeitschrift">Österreichische Musikzeitschrift</a></i> 52, 1–2/1997, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SteblinMarry-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SteblinMarry_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#SteblinCM">Steblin (1998)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife39-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife39_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould64-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould64_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould40-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould40_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gramit">Gramit (1997)</a>, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Solomon" title="Maynard Solomon">Solomon, M.</a> (Spring 1989): "Franz Schubert and the Peacocks of <a href="/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini" title="Benvenuto Cellini">Benvenuto Cellini</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/19th-Century_Music" title="19th-Century Music">19th-Century Music</a></i>, vol. 12, pp. 193–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Schubert: Music, Sexuality, Culture." <i><a href="/wiki/19th-Century_Music" title="19th-Century Music">19th-Century Music</a></i>, 1993, 17:3–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1994/10/20/schubert-a-la-mode/">"Schubert à la Mode"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, 20 October 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Steblin" title="Rita Steblin">Steblin, Rita</a> (1993): "The Peacock's Tale: Schubert's Sexuality Reconsidered." <i><a href="/wiki/19th-Century_Music" title="19th-Century Music">19th-Century Music</a></i>. Berkeley, California: Univ. of California Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0148-2076">0148-2076</a>, ZDB-ID 4395712, T 17., 1, pp. 5–33; Steblin, Rita (1996), <i>Babette und Therese Kunz: neue Forschungen zum Freundeskreis um Franz Schubert und Leopold Kupelwieser</i>, Wien: Vom Pasqualatihaus. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-901254-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-901254-16-1">978-3-901254-16-1</a>; Steblin, Rita (1997): "Schubert's 'Nina' and the True Peacocks". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i> 138, pp. 13–19; Steblin, Rita (1998): <i>Die Unsinnsgesellschaft: Franz Schubert, Leopold Kupelwieser und ihr Freundeskreis</i>. Böhlau. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-205-98820-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-205-98820-5">978-3-205-98820-5</a>; Steblin, Rita (2001): "Schubert's Problematic Relationship with Johann Mayrhofer: New Documentary Evidence". Barbara Haggh (ed.): <i>Essays on Music and Culture in Honor of Herbert Kellman</i>. Paris-Tours: Minerve, pp. 465–495; Steblin, Rita (2008), "Schubert's Pepi: His Love Affair with the Chambermaid Josepha Pöcklhofer and Her Surprising Fate". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i>, pp. 47–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horton, Julian (2015). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Schubert/Horton/p/book/9781472439376">Schubert</a></i>. Routledge, pages xi–xvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hewett, Ivan. "Forget the angelic Schubert myth – this biography tells the real story", <i>The Telegraph</i>, 2 July 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911384_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadow1911">Hadow 1911</a>, p. 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan26-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan26_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKayBio56-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKayBio56_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife44-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife44_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould66-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould66_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan90-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan90_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, pp. 90–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10061400?page=281">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Erinnerungen aus dessen Leben und Wirken : Nach eigenhändigen Aufzeichnungen und mündlichen Mittheilungen' - Digitalisat | MDZ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Erinnerungen+aus+dessen+Leben+und+Wirken+%3A+Nach+eigenh%C3%A4ndigen+Aufzeichnungen+und+m%C3%BCndlichen+Mittheilungen%27+-+Digitalisat+%26%23124%3B+MDZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Fview%2Fbsb10061400%3Fpage%3D281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteblin1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steblin, Rita (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dieunsinnsgesell0000steb/page/n17/mode/2up"><i>Die Unsinnsgesellschaft: Franz Schubert, Leopold Kupelwieser und ihr Freundeskreis</i></a> (in German). Erich Benedikt. Wien: Böhlau. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-205-98820-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-205-98820-5"><bdi>3-205-98820-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40519173">40519173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Unsinnsgesellschaft%3A+Franz+Schubert%2C+Leopold+Kupelwieser+und+ihr+Freundeskreis&rft.place=Wien&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40519173&rft.isbn=3-205-98820-5&rft.aulast=Steblin&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdieunsinnsgesell0000steb%2Fpage%2Fn17%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDürhammer1999" class="citation book cs1">Dürhammer, Ilija (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49416312"><i>Schuberts literarische Heimat: Dichtung und Literatur-Rezeption der Schubert-Freunde</i></a>. Wien: Böhlau. pp. <span class="nowrap">79–</span>91, <span class="nowrap">235–</span>245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-205-99051-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-205-99051-X"><bdi>3-205-99051-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49416312">49416312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schuberts+literarische+Heimat%3A+Dichtung+und+Literatur-Rezeption+der+Schubert-Freunde&rft.place=Wien&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E91%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E235-%3C%2Fspan%3E245&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49416312&rft.isbn=3-205-99051-X&rft.aulast=D%C3%BCrhammer&rft.aufirst=Ilija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F49416312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/download/pdf/1943510.pdf">"Vienna Library"</a> <span 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(identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-7464">1522-7464</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41818778">41818778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+in+Art&rft.atitle=Schubert+and+the+Draisine%3A+An+Odd+Couple+in+the+Archiv+des+Menschlichen+Unsinns&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41818778%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1522-7464&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%BChauf&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41818778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKay75-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McKay75_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould69-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould69_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould69_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a> pp. 69–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife59-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife59_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould235-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould235_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife67-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife67_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife68-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife68_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austin46-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Austin46_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin46_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Austin">Austin (1873)</a>, pp. 46–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilberforce90-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilberforce90_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wilberforce">Wilberforce (1866)</a>, pp. 90–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadow1911385_60-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadow1911">Hadow 1911</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilberforce25-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilberforce25_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wilberforce">Wilberforce (1866)</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newbould173-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newbould173_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newbould173_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newbould173_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeCompanion245-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion245_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Denny">Denny (1997)</a>, pp. 245–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbs111-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbs111_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKay101-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKay101_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKay101_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKay101_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lvbv1-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lvbv1_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Thayer">Thayer (1921)</a>, pp. 299–300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, pp. 182–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould215-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould215_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirda,_Michael2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dirda" title="Michael Dirda">Dirda, Michael</a> (4 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/ian-bostridges-schuberts-winter-journey-examines-the-composers-melancholy-work/2015/02/04/9228fdda-aaf4-11e4-9c91-e9d2f9fde644_story.html">"Ian Bostridge's 'Schubert's <i>Winter Journey</i> examines the composer's melancholy work"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>Franz Schubert's <i>Winterreise</i> is the greatest, and the most bleakly melancholy, of all song cycles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ian+Bostridge%27s+%27Schubert%27s+Winter+Journey+examines+the+composer%27s+melancholy+work&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.au=Dirda%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fian-bostridges-schuberts-winter-journey-examines-the-composers-melancholy-work%2F2015%2F02%2F04%2F9228fdda-aaf4-11e4-9c91-e9d2f9fde644_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reed1997-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reed1997_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Reed">Reed (1997)</a>, pp. 208–209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould210-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould210_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould221225-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould221225_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, pp. 221–225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould218-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould218_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert" class="citation web cs1">Schubert, Franz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schubert-online.at/activpage/manuskripte.php?top=1&werke_id=10065&werkteile_id=&image=%27ONB_MusHs19491_D940_001.jpg%27&groesse=50&aktion=einzelbild&bild_id=4">"Fantasie f-Moll"</a>. <i>schubert-online.at</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=schubert-online.at&rft.atitle=Fantasie+f-Moll&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschubert-online.at%2Factivpage%2Fmanuskripte.php%3Ftop%3D1%26werke_id%3D10065%26werkteile_id%3D%26image%3D%2527ONB_MusHs19491_D940_001.jpg%2527%26groesse%3D50%26aktion%3Deinzelbild%26bild_id%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1976" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Franz (1976). Kahl, Willi (ed.). <i>Fantasie f-Moll</i>. München: G. Henle Verlag. pp. Preface. <a href="/wiki/ISMN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISMN (identifier)">ISMN</a> 979-0-2018-0180-3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fantasie+f-Moll&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pages=Preface&rft.pub=G.+Henle+Verlag&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan99-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan99_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AveMariaSetting-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AveMariaSetting_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Emmons">Emmons (2006)</a>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould228-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould228_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmithCarlson78-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SmithCarlson78_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#SmithCarlson">Smith & Carlson (1995)</a>, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CambridgeCompanion">Gibbs (1999)</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould261-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould261_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a> pp. 261–263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould270-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould270_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a> pp. 270–274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McKayBio">McKay (1996)</a>, p. 313: "That Schubert in no way considered the songs as a cycle is confirmed by his letter to Probst of 2 October mentioning that he had recently written 'several songs by Heine'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeCompanion203-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion203_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Griffel">Griffel (1997)</a>, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould385-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newbould385_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">(1999)</a>, p. 385, and comments in the liner notes to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/schubert-symphony-no-10-and-other-unfinished-symphonies-mr0002106545">CD recording</a> issued on <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Records" title="Hyperion Records">Hyperion Records</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schonberg130-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schonberg130_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Schonberg">Schonberg (1997)</a>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould_1999_pp._265-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould_1999_pp._265_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould_1999_pp._265_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, pp. 265–266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CambridgeCompanion">Gibbs (1997)</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould275-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould275_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould275_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbs168-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbs168_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, pp. 168–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Memoirs">Deutsche (1998)</a>, p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRold1995" class="citation journal cs1">Rold, Robert L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/096777209500300409">"Schubert and Syphilis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Biography" title="Journal of Medical Biography">Journal of Medical Biography</a></i>. <b>3</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">232–</span>235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F096777209500300409">10.1177/096777209500300409</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11616366">11616366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Biography&rft.atitle=Schubert+and+Syphilis&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E232-%3C%2Fspan%3E235&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F096777209500300409&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11616366&rft.aulast=Rold&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F096777209500300409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCybulska2019" class="citation journal cs1">Cybulska, Eva Maria (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mmd.iammonline.com/index.php/musmed/article/download/647/pdf/0">"The Myth of Schubert's Syphilis: A Critical Approach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Music_and_Medicine" title="Music and Medicine">Music and Medicine</a></i>. <b>11</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.47513%2Fmmd.v11i1.647">10.47513/mmd.v11i1.647</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151254154">151254154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Schubert%27s+Syphilis%3A+A+Critical+Approach&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.47513%2Fmmd.v11i1.647&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151254154%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cybulska&rft.aufirst=Eva+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmmd.iammonline.com%2Findex.php%2Fmusmed%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F647%2Fpdf%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan79-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan79_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan79_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, pp. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbs197-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbs197_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/apr/01/sex-death-dissonance-anton-bruckner-concertgebouw-orchestra">Tom Service, "Sex, death and dissonance: the strange, obsessive world of Anton Bruckner", <i>The Guardian</i>, 1 April 2014</a>. Retrieved 11 August 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammond143-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammond143_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gammond">Gammond (1982)</a>, p. 143, discussing in particular his chamber music</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsIntro">Gibbs (1997)</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ewen384-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ewen384_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ewen">Ewen (2007)</a>, p. 384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKay, Elizabeth (1997). Franz Schubert. In: <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a>.</i> London and New York: Macmillan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lev-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lev_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lev">Lev</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammond117-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammond117_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gammond">Gammond (1982)</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammond76-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammond76_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gammond">Gammond (1982)</a>, pp. 76–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown630-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown630_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown">Brown (2002)</a>, p. 630</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Plantinga">Plantinga (1984)</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Plantinga">(1984)</a>, pp. 107–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swafford211-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swafford211_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Swafford">Swafford (1992)</a>, p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammond153-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammond153_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gammond">Gammond (1982)</a>, pp. 153–156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CentIll345-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CentIll345_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CentIllv48no3">Dvořák (1894)</a>, pp. 344–345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deutsch 1978, p. 668<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (January 2022)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deutsch 1978, pp. 668–669<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (January 2022)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GroveAppendix-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GroveAppendix_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroveAppendix_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kreissle2">Kreissle (1869)</a>, pp. 297–332, in which Grove recounts his visit to Vienna.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbsLife61-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbsLife61_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GibbsLife">Gibbs (2000)</a>, pp. 61–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WideInterest-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WideInterest_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <a href="#Kreissle2">Kreissle (1869)</a>, p. 324, where Grove describes current (1860s) interest in Schubert's work, and <a href="#CambridgeCompanion">Gibbs (1997)</a>, pp. 250–251, describing the size and scope of the 1897 Schubert centennial commemorations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#STC">Deutsch (1995)</a>, p. xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720135654/https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/publishing-house/baerenreiter-encyclopedia/new-schubert-edition/">"Neue Schubert-Ausgabe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bärenreiter Verlag">Bärenreiter Verlag</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/publishing-house/baerenreiter-encyclopedia/new-schubert-edition/">the original</a> on 20 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neue+Schubert-Ausgabe&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter+Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baerenreiter.com%2Fen%2Fpublishing-house%2Fbaerenreiter-encyclopedia%2Fnew-schubert-edition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#STC">Deutsch (1995)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-numbering-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-numbering_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#Numbering_of_symphonies">#Numbering of symphonies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/eppp-archive/100/202/300/inditer/2001/05-14/dane/pianos/pianos.htm">"Jeffrey Dane – The Composers' Pianos"</a>. <i>www.collectionscanada.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collectionscanada.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Jeffrey+Dane+%E2%80%93+The+Composers%27+Pianos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Feppp-archive%2F100%2F202%2F300%2Finditer%2F2001%2F05-14%2Fdane%2Fpianos%2Fpianos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Dorschel" title="Andreas Dorschel">Andreas Dorschel</a>, 'The Piano in Schubert′s Lied Texts.' In: Matthew Gardner/Christine Martin (eds.), <i>Schubert′s Piano.</i> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2024, pp. 50–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan80-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan80_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Duncan">Duncan (1905)</a>, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontparker1981" class="citation magazine cs1">Montparker, Carol (May–June 1981). "Radu Lupu: Acclaim in Spite of Himself". <i>Clavier</i>. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clavier&rft.atitle=Radu+Lupu%3A+Acclaim+in+Spite+of+Himself&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1981-05%2F1981-06&rft.aulast=Montparker&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CambridgeCompanion">Gibbs (1997)</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schiff-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schiff_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schiff_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/178435687">"Schubert - The Wanderer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2023</span> – via vimeo.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schubert+-+The+Wanderer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F178435687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Botstein">Botstein (1997)</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/classic/classic100/chamber/100list.htm">"The Classical Music Chamber Music 100"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Classical+Music+Chamber+Music+100&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fclassic%2Fclassic100%2Fchamber%2F100list.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommasini2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Tommasini, Anthony</a> (21 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/23/arts/music/23composers.html">"The Greatest Composers – A Top 10 List"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Greatest+Composers+%E2%80%93+A+Top+10+List&rft.date=2011-01-21&rft.aulast=Tommasini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F23%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F23composers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suttoni-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suttoni_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Suttoni">Liszt (1989)</a>, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newbould404-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould404_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newbould404_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Newbould">Newbould (1999)</a>, pp. 403–404</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BrownNG">Brown (1983)</a>, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Simpson, Dave (7 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/may/07/kraftwerk-their-30-greatest-songs-ranked">"Kraftwerk: their 30 greatest songs, ranked!"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kraftwerk%3A+their+30+greatest+songs%2C+ranked%21&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2020%2Fmay%2F07%2Fkraftwerk-their-30-greatest-songs-ranked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodenberg118-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rodenberg118_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Rodenberg">Rodenberg (1900)</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MT189702-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MT189702_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MusicalTimes189702"><i>The Musical Times</i>, February 1897</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeCompanion318-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeCompanion318_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CambridgeCompanion">Gibbs (1997)</a>, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time1928-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time1928_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time1928_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090505192207/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928288,00.html">"Schubert Ecstasy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 3 December 1928. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928288,00.html">the original</a> on 5 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Schubert+Ecstasy&rft.date=1928-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C928288%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangman" class="citation book cs1">Langman, Larry (2000). <i>Destination Hollywood: The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking</i>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0681-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0681-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-0681-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Hollywood%3A+The+Influence+of+Europeans+on+American+Filmmaking&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0681-4&rft.aulast=Langman&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00r600k">"Franz Peter Schubert: The Greatest Love and the Greatest Sorrow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franz+Peter+Schubert%3A+The+Greatest+Love+and+the+Greatest+Sorrow&rft.pub=BBC+Four&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00r600k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4R-qf6E7XI"><span class="plainlinks">Schiff András filmje Schubertről [András Schiff tells about Schubert]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/now-hear-this-the-schubert-generation-about/11834/">Now Hear This "The Schubert Generation"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></i>, 25 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabler" class="citation news cs1">Gabler, Jay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classicalmpr.org/story/2015/11/13/fantasia-bald-mountain-ave-maria">"From 'Bald Mountain' to 'Ave Maria': The hell-to-heaven 'Fantasia' climax"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+%27Bald+Mountain%27+to+%27Ave+Maria%27%3A+The+hell-to-heaven+%27Fantasia%27+climax&rft.aulast=Gabler&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicalmpr.org%2Fstory%2F2015%2F11%2F13%2Ffantasia-bald-mountain-ave-maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchroeder2009272–274-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchroeder2009272–274_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchroeder2009">Schroeder (2009)</a>, pp. 272–274.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Works_by_Otto_Erich_Deutsch"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Works by Otto Erich Deutsch</span></span></b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="STC" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Deutsch, Otto Erich</a>; Wakeling, Donald R. (1995). <i>The Schubert Thematic Catalogue</i>. Courier Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-28685-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-28685-3"><bdi>978-0-486-28685-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Schubert+Thematic+Catalogue&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-486-28685-3&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rft.au=Wakeling%2C+Donald+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="memoirs" class="citation book cs1">Deutsch, Otto Erich (1998) [1958]. <i>Schubert: Memoirs by His Friends</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816436-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816436-4"><bdi>978-0-19-816436-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert%3A+Memoirs+by+His+Friends&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816436-4&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b><span class="anchor" id="19th_and_early_20th-century_scholarship"></span>19th- and early 20th-century scholarship</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Austin" class="citation book cs1">Austin, George Lowell (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifefranzschube00austgoog"><i>The Life of Franz Schubert</i></a>. Shepard and Gill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-404-12856-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-404-12856-2"><bdi>978-0-404-12856-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4450950">4450950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Franz+Schubert&rft.pub=Shepard+and+Gill&rft.date=1873&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4450950&rft.isbn=978-0-404-12856-2&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=George+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifefranzschube00austgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Duncan" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Edmondstoune (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schubert00duncgoog"><i>Schubert</i></a>. J.M. Dent. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4437-8279-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4437-8279-1"><bdi>978-1-4437-8279-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2058050">2058050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2058050&rft.isbn=978-1-4437-8279-1&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Edmondstoune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschubert00duncgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CentIllv48no3" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák, Antonín</a> (July 1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHcAAAAAYAAJ">"Franz Schubert"</a>. <i>Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</i>. <b>48</b> (3). Cairns Collection of American Women Writers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4279873">4279873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Century+Illustrated+Monthly+Magazine&rft.atitle=Franz+Schubert&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1894-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4279873&rft.aulast=Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Anton%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqHcAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Frost" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Henry Frederic (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schubert01frosgoog"><i>Schubert</i></a>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45465176">45465176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45465176&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Henry+Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschubert01frosgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Grove1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Grove, George</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Fuller_Maitland" title="John Alexander Fuller Maitland">Fuller-Maitland, John Alexander</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FBsPAAAAYAAJ"><i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a>. Vol. 4. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/407077">407077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grove%27s+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F407077&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Fuller-Maitland%2C+John+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFBsPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadow1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Hadow" title="William Henry Hadow">Hadow, William Henry</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Schubert,_Franz_Peter" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Schubert, Franz Peter">Schubert, Franz Peter</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">383–</span>386.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schubert%2C+Franz+Peter&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E383-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Hadow&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kreissle1" class="citation book cs1">Kreissle von Hellborn, Heinrich (1869) [1865]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppcPAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Life of Franz Schubert</i></a>. Vol. 1. Translated by Coleridge, Arthur Duke. Longmans, Green, and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Franz+Schubert&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Kreissle+von+Hellborn&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppcPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> The first full-length biography of Schubert (volume 1).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kreissle2" class="citation book cs1">Kreissle von Hellborn, Heinrich (1869) [1865]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hpcPAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Life of Franz Schubert</i></a>. Vol. 2. Translated by Coleridge, Arthur Duke. Longmans, Green, and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Franz+Schubert&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Kreissle+von+Hellborn&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhpcPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> The first full-length biography of Schubert (volume 2).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Rodenberg" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodenberg, Julius; Pechel, Rudolf (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UEVAAAAYAAJ"><i>Deutsche Rundschau, volume 102 (Jan–Mar 1900)</i></a> (in German). Gebrüder Paetel. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1566444">1566444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Rundschau%2C+volume+102+%28Jan%E2%80%93Mar+1900%29&rft.pub=Gebr%C3%BCder+Paetel&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1566444&rft.aulast=Rodenberg&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft.au=Pechel%2C+Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UEVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Thayer" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wheelock_Thayer" title="Alexander Wheelock Thayer">Thayer, Alexander Wheelock</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Krehbiel" title="Henry Edward Krehbiel">Krehbiel, Henry E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Deiters" title="Hermann Deiters">Deiters, Hermann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riemann" title="Hugo Riemann">Riemann, Hugo</a> (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRkUAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven</i></a>. Vol. 3. New York: The Beethoven Association. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/422583">422583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Ludwig+van+Beethoven&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Beethoven+Association&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F422583&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Wheelock&rft.au=Krehbiel%2C+Henry+E.&rft.au=Deiters%2C+Hermann&rft.au=Riemann%2C+Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRkUAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wilberforce" class="citation book cs1">Wilberforce, Edward (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/franzschubertmus00krei"><i>Franz Schubert: A Musical Biography</i></a>. London: W. H. Allen & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franz+Schubert%3A+A+Musical+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen+%26+Co.&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Wilberforce&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffranzschubertmus00krei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> [ISBN unspecified]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MusicalTimes189702" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aco7mI9EM50C&q=Mottl+Fierrabras&pg=PA242">"Volume 38"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i>. <b>38</b>. Novello. February 1897. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1608351">1608351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Times&rft.atitle=Volume+38&rft.volume=38&rft.date=1897-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1608351&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daco7mI9EM50C%26q%3DMottl%2BFierrabras%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Modern scholarship</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Botstein" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Botstein" title="Leon Botstein">Botstein, Leon</a> (1997). "Contexts: musical, political, and cultural". In Gibbs, Christopher H. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Schubert</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4"><bdi>978-0-521-48424-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Contexts%3A+musical%2C+political%2C+and+cultural&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Schubert&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Music&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48424-4&rft.aulast=Botstein&rft.aufirst=Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Brown" class="citation book cs1">Brown, A. Peter (2002). <i>The Symphonic Repertoire</i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33487-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33487-9"><bdi>978-0-253-33487-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Symphonic+Repertoire&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33487-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=A.+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BrownNG" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Maurice John Edwin (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgroveschubert0000brow"><i>The New Grove Schubert</i></a>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01683-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01683-3"><bdi>978-0-393-01683-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9398015">9398015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Schubert&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9398015&rft.isbn=978-0-393-01683-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Maurice+John+Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgroveschubert0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Denny" class="citation book cs1">Denny, Thomas A. 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(1978). <i>Franz Schubert, thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge</i>. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7618-0571-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7618-0571-8"><bdi>978-3-7618-0571-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franz+Schubert%2C+thematisches+Verzeichnis+seiner+Werke+in+chronologischer+Folge&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-3-7618-0571-8&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Emmons" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shirlee_Emmons" title="Shirlee Emmons">Emmons, Shirlee</a>; Lewis, Wilbur Watkin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/researchingsongl00emmo"><i>Researching the Song: A Lexicon</i></a>. Oxford University Press US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515202-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515202-9"><bdi>978-0-19-515202-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researching+the+Song%3A+A+Lexicon&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515202-9&rft.aulast=Emmons&rft.aufirst=Shirlee&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Wilbur+Watkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fresearchingsongl00emmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ewen" class="citation book cs1">Ewen, David (2007). <i>Composers of Yesterday</i>. Vancouver: Read Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-5987-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-5987-7"><bdi>978-1-4067-5987-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Composers+of+Yesterday&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-5987-7&rft.aulast=Ewen&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gammond" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gammond" title="Peter Gammond">Gammond, Peter</a> (1982). <i>Schubert</i>. London: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-413-46990-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-413-46990-8"><bdi>978-0-413-46990-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-413-46990-8&rft.aulast=Gammond&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="GibbsIntro" class="citation book cs1">Gibbs, Christopher H. (1997). "Introduction: the elusive Schubert". In Gibbs, Christopher H. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Schubert</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-59512-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-59512-4"><bdi>978-0-521-59512-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Schubert&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59512-4&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofschubert00gibb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CambridgeCompanion" class="citation book cs1">Gibbs, Christopher H., ed. (1997). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Schubert</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4"><bdi>978-0-521-48424-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Schubert&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Music&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48424-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gramit" class="citation book cs1">Gramit, David (1997). "Music, cultivation, and identity in Schubert's circle". In Gibbs, Christopher H. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Schubert</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48424-4"><bdi>978-0-521-48424-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Music%2C+cultivation%2C+and+identity+in+Schubert%27s+circle&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Schubert&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions+to+Music&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48424-4&rft.aulast=Gramit&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Griffel" class="citation book cs1">Griffel, L. Michael (1997). "Schubert's orchestral music". In Gibbs, Christopher H. 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London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-9695-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-9695-4"><bdi>978-0-8371-9695-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+Music+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8371-9695-4&rft.aulast=Hutchings&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lev" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lev" title="Ray Lev">Lev, Ray</a> (1947). <i>Franz Schubert – Piano Sonata no. 15 in C major (Unfinished); Allegretto in C minor – Ray Lev, Pianist</i> (78 RPM). United States: Concert Hall Society. Release B3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franz+Schubert+%E2%80%93+Piano+Sonata+no.+15+in+C+major+%28Unfinished%29%3B+Allegretto+in+C+minor+%E2%80%93+Ray+Lev%2C+Pianist&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Concert+Hall+Society&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Lev&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Suttoni" class="citation book cs1">Liszt, Franz (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXpPOj-Y7nkC"><i>An Artist's Journey: Lettres D'un Bachelier ès Musique, 1835–1841</i></a>. Translated by Suttoni, Charles. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-48510-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-48510-2"><bdi>978-0-226-48510-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Artist%27s+Journey%3A+Lettres+D%27un+Bachelier+%C3%A8s+Musique%2C+1835%E2%80%931841&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-226-48510-2&rft.aulast=Liszt&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXpPOj-Y7nkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="McKayBio" class="citation book cs1">McKay, Elizabeth Norman (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lUgIAQAAMAAJ"><i>Franz Schubert: A Biography</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816681-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816681-8"><bdi>978-0-19-816681-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franz+Schubert%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816681-8&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlUgIAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Newbould" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Newbould" title="Brian Newbould">Newbould, Brian</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schubertmusicman0000newb"><i>Schubert: The Music and the Man</i></a></span>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21957-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21957-1"><bdi>978-0-520-21957-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert%3A+The+Music+and+the+Man&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21957-1&rft.aulast=Newbould&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschubertmusicman0000newb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Plantinga" class="citation book cs1">Plantinga, Leon (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanticmusichis0000plan"><i>Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Century Europe</i></a>. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-95196-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-95196-7"><bdi>978-0-393-95196-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romantic+Music%3A+A+History+of+Musical+Style+in+Nineteenth-Century+Europe&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-393-95196-7&rft.aulast=Plantinga&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanticmusichis0000plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reed" class="citation book cs1">Reed, John (15 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5MSxqOisofgC&pg=PA208"><i>The Schubert Song Companion</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901341-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901341-00-3"><bdi>978-1-901341-00-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Schubert+Song+Companion&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-901341-00-3&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5MSxqOisofgC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Schonberg" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">Schonberg, Harold C.</a> (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesofgreatcomp00scho_1"><i>The Lives of the Great Composers</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03857-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03857-6"><bdi>978-0-393-03857-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Great+Composers&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-393-03857-6&rft.aulast=Schonberg&rft.aufirst=Harold+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesofgreatcomp00scho_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder2009" class="citation book cs1">Schroeder, David (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zDnh_Eia3MC"><i>Our Schubert: His Enduring Legacy</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6927-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6927-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-6927-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Schubert%3A+His+Enduring+Legacy&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6927-1&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zDnh_Eia3MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SmithCarlson" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jane Stuart; Carlson, Betty; Schaeffer, Francis A. (1995). <i>The Gift of Music: Great Composers and Their Influence</i>. Good News Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89107-869-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89107-869-2"><bdi>978-0-89107-869-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gift+of+Music%3A+Great+Composers+and+Their+Influence&rft.pub=Good+News+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-89107-869-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jane+Stuart&rft.au=Carlson%2C+Betty&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+Francis+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SteblinCM" class="citation journal cs1">Steblin, Rita (1998). "In Defense of Scholarship and Archival Research: Why Schubert's Brothers Were Allowed to Marry". <i>Current Musicology</i>. <b>62</b>: <span class="nowrap">7–</span>17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Musicology&rft.atitle=In+Defense+of+Scholarship+and+Archival+Research%3A+Why+Schubert%27s+Brothers+Were+Allowed+to+Marry&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Steblin&rft.aufirst=Rita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b><span class="anchor" id="Numbering_of_symphonies"></span>Numbering of symphonies</b> </p><p>The following sources illustrate the confusion around the numbering of Schubert's late symphonies. The B minor <i>Unfinished</i> Symphony is variously published as No. 7 and No. 8, in both German and English. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Unfinished7German" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schubert, Franz (1996). <i>Symphony, No 7, D 759, B minor, </i>Unfinished<i><span></span></i> (in German). Bärenreiter. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39794412">39794412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symphony%2C+No+7%2C+D+759%2C+B+minor%2C+Unfinished&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39794412&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> German-language publication of the <i>Unfinished</i> Symphony score as No. 7.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Unfinished7English" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Franz (2008). <i>Symphony No. 7 in B minor D 759 </i>Unfinished<i> Symphony</i>. Eulenburg Audio+Score Series. Eulenburg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-6529-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-6529-3"><bdi>978-3-7957-6529-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symphony+No.+7+in+B+minor+D+759+Unfinished+Symphony&rft.series=Eulenburg+Audio%2BScore+Series&rft.pub=Eulenburg&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-7957-6529-3&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> English-language publication of the <i>Unfinished</i> Symphony score as No. 7.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Unfinished8English" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Franz; Reichenberger, Teresa (1986). <i>Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 </i>Unfinished<i><span></span></i> (Paperback). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-6278-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-6278-0"><bdi>978-3-7957-6278-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symphony+No.+8+in+B+minor%2C+D.+759+Unfinished&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-7957-6278-0&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft.au=Reichenberger%2C+Teresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span> English-language publication of the <i>Unfinished</i> Symphony score as No. 8.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch1977" class="citation book cs1">Deutsch, Otto Erich (1977). <i>Schubert: A Documentary Biography</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Blom" title="Eric Blom">Blom, Eric</a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-77420-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-77420-1"><bdi>978-0-306-77420-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert%3A+A+Documentary+Biography&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-306-77420-1&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubertDeutsch,_Otto_Erich1928" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Franz; Deutsch, Otto Erich (1928). <i>Franz Schubert's Letters and Other Writings</i>. Translated by Savile, Venetia. A. A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5242-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8369-5242-1"><bdi>978-0-8369-5242-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/891887">891887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franz+Schubert%27s+Letters+and+Other+Writings&rft.pub=A.+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1928&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F891887&rft.isbn=978-0-8369-5242-1&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+Otto+Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteblin1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Steblin" title="Rita Steblin">Steblin, Rita</a> (1998). "Schubert's Relationship with Women: An Historical Account". In <a href="/wiki/Brian_Newbould" title="Brian Newbould">Newbould, Brian</a> (ed.). <i>Schubert Studies</i>. Ashgate. pp. <span class="nowrap">159–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85928-253-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85928-253-3"><bdi>978-1-85928-253-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schubert%27s+Relationship+with+Women%3A+An+Historical+Account&rft.btitle=Schubert+Studies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85928-253-3&rft.aulast=Steblin&rft.aufirst=Rita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUhdeWieland2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Uhde" title="Jürgen Uhde">Uhde, Jürgen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Renate_Wieland" title="Renate Wieland">Wieland, Renate</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BVK2333/"><i>Schubert. Späte Klaviermusik: Spuren ihrer inneren Geschichte</i></a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter" title="Bärenreiter">Bärenreiter</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783761823330" title="Special:BookSources/9783761823330"><bdi>9783761823330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schubert.+Sp%C3%A4te+Klaviermusik%3A+Spuren+ihrer+inneren+Geschichte&rft.pub=B%C3%A4renreiter&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783761823330&rft.aulast=Uhde&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Wieland%2C+Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baerenreiter.com%2Fen%2Fshop%2Fproduct%2Fdetails%2FBVK2333%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Franz Schubert</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Franz+Schubert">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Franz+Schubert&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musopen.org/composer/franz-schubert/">Franz Schubert</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Musopen" title="Musopen">Musopen</a> project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lieder.net/lieder/get_settings.html?ComposerId=2520">Texts and translations of vocal music by Schubert</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lieder.net">The LiederNet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204195342/http://www.schubertiade.at/index.php?mod=manuell&html=franz-schubert-museum&language=en">Franz Schubert Museum in Hohenems/Austria</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/schubert">"Discovering Schubert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Schubert&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbbc.co.uk%2Fschubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranz+Schubert" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/12366">Franz Schubert</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217160530/http://www.schubert-online.at/activpage/index_en.htm">Digital reproductions of score manuscripts and letters by Franz Schubert</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recordings">Recordings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schubertlied.de/index.php/en/">Schubertlied.de</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202105957/https://www.schubertlied.de/index.php/en/">Archived</a> 2 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Free recordings of many Lieder by Schubert (mp3)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?query_type=keyword&query=schubert&nq=1">Schubert cylinder recordings</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/UCSB_Cylinder_Audio_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive">UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> Library.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sheet_music">Sheet music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sheet music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schubertline.co.uk">Schubertline.co.uk</a> about 250 of Schubert's Songs (Schubertline edition)</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Schubert,_Franz" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Schubert, Franz">Free scores by Franz Schubert</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Franz_Schubert" class="extiw" title="choralwiki:Franz Schubert">Free scores by Franz Schubert</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musescore.com/openscore-lieder-corpus/sets?order=title&text=Schubert%2C+Franz">Free digital scores by Franz Schubert</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musescore.com/openscore-lieder-corpus/sets">OpenScore Lieder Corpus</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Franz_Schubert315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franz_Schubert" title="Template:Franz Schubert"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franz_Schubert" title="Template talk:Franz Schubert"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franz_Schubert" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franz Schubert"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franz_Schubert315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">Compositions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">By genre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_VI:_Chamber_music" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Chamber music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_I:_Church_music" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_V:_Orchestral_works" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Orchestral works</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_symphonies" title="Schubert's symphonies">Symphonies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_VII:_Piano_music" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Piano music</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of solo piano compositions by Franz Schubert">piano solo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">Sonatas, duos and fantasies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of songs by Franz Schubert">Songs and part-songs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_song_cycles" title="Schubert's song cycles">song cycles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_works_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Stage works by Franz Schubert">Stage works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(arrangements)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (arrangements)">Arrangements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(copies)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (copies)">Copies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(doubtful_and_spurious)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (doubtful and spurious)">Doubtful and spurious</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1810)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1810)">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1811)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1811)">'11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1812)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1812)">'12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1813)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1813)">'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1814)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1814)">'14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1815)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1815)">'15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1816)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1816)">'16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1817)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1817)">'17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1818)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1818)">'18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1819)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1819)">'19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1820)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1820)">'20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1821)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1821)">'21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1822)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1822)">'22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1823)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1823)">'23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1824)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1824)">'24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1825)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1825)">'25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1826)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1826)">'26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1827)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1827)">'27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(1828)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (1828)">'28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_(undated)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert (undated)">undated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Thematic_Catalogue" title="Schubert Thematic Catalogue">Deutsch catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_opus/Deutsch_number_concordance" title="Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance">opus/Deutsch number concordance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert%27s_Works" title="Franz Schubert's Works">19th century complete edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Schubert_Edition" title="New Schubert Edition">New Schubert Edition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schubertiade" title="Schubertiade">Schubertiade</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Dreim%C3%A4derlhaus" title="Das Dreimäderlhaus">Das Dreimäderlhaus</a></i> (1916 operetta)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schubert_at_the_Piano" title="Schubert at the Piano">Schubert at the Piano</a></i> (1899 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_International_Columbia_Graphophone_Competition" title="1928 International Columbia Graphophone Competition">1928 International Columbia Graphophone Competition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_Dream_of_Spring" title="Schubert's Dream of Spring">Schubert's Dream of Spring</a></i> (1931 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gently_My_Songs_Entreat" title="Gently My Songs Entreat">Gently My Songs Entreat</a></i> (1933 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serenade_(1940_film)" title="Serenade (1940 film)">Serenade</a></i> (1940 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Awakening_(film)" title="The Great Awakening (film)">The Great Awakening</a></i> (1941 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Only_Love_(film)" title="It's Only Love (film)">It's Only Love</a></i> (1947 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pretty_Miller_Girl" title="The Pretty Miller Girl">La Belle Meunière</a></i> (1949 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert_(film)" title="Franz Schubert (film)">Franz Schubert</a></i> (1953 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angeli_senza_paradiso" title="Angeli senza paradiso">Angeli senza paradiso</a></i> (1970 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Badura-Skoda" title="Eva Badura-Skoda">Eva Badura-Skoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Otto Erich Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_D%C3%BCrr" title="Walther Dürr">Walther Dürr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Epstein_(pianist)" title="Julius Epstein (pianist)">Julius Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Friedlaender_(musicologist)" title="Max Friedlaender (musicologist)">Max Friedlaender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Fuchs_(composer)" title="Johann Nepomuk Fuchs (composer)">Johann Nepomuk Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therese_Grob" title="Therese Grob">Therese Grob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hilmar" title="Ernst Hilmar">Ernst Hilmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_H%C3%BCttenbrenner" title="Anselm Hüttenbrenner">Anselm Hüttenbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_Mandyczewski" title="Eusebius Mandyczewski">Eusebius Mandyczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Mayrhofer" title="Johann Mayrhofer">Johann Mayrhofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Norman_McKay" title="Elizabeth Norman McKay">Elizabeth Norman McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Nottebohm" title="Gustav Nottebohm">Gustav Nottebohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Wilhelm Müller">Wilhelm Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Neumann" title="Johann Philipp Neumann">Johann Philipp Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Newbould" title="Brian Newbould">Brian Newbould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Schober" title="Franz von Schober">Franz von Schober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Schubert" title="Ferdinand Schubert">Ferdinand Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Senn" title="Johann Senn">Johann Senn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Spaun" title="Joseph von Spaun">Joseph von Spaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Steblin" title="Rita Steblin">Rita Steblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Vogl" title="Johann Michael Vogl">Johann Michael Vogl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Franz_Schubert" title="Category:Franz Schubert">Category</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudspeaker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sound icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/16px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/24px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/32px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Audio_files_of_music_by_Franz_Schubert" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Audio files of music by Franz Schubert">Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Songs_by_Franz_Schubert383" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schubert_lieder" title="Template:Schubert lieder"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schubert_lieder" title="Template talk:Schubert lieder"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert_lieder" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert lieder"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Songs_by_Franz_Schubert383" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of songs by Franz Schubert">Songs</a> by <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;"><a href="/wiki/Part_song" title="Part song">Part songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Schwertlied" title="Schwertlied">Schwertlied</a>", D 170</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Joy" title="Ode to Joy">An die Freude</a>", D 189</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_Geister_%C3%BCber_den_Wassern" title="Gesang der Geister über den Wassern">Gesang der Geister über den Wassern</a>", D 714</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4ndchen,_D_920_(Schubert)" title="Ständchen, D 920 (Schubert)">"Ständchen", D 920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;"><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lieder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Taucher" title="Der Taucher">Der Taucher</a>", D 77</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gretchen_am_Spinnrade" title="Gretchen am Spinnrade">Gretchen am Spinnrade</a>", D 118</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rastlose_Liebe" title="Rastlose Liebe">Rastlose Liebe</a>", D 130</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Mondabend" title="Der Mondabend">Der Mondabend</a>", D 141</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Amphiaraos</a>", D 166</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Die_B%C3%BCrgschaft" title="Die Bürgschaft">Die Bürgschaft</a>", D 246</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heidenr%C3%B6slein" title="Heidenröslein">Heidenröslein</a>", D 257</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vaterlandslied" title="Vaterlandslied">Vaterlandslied</a>", D 287</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hermann_und_Thusnelda" title="Hermann und Thusnelda">Hermann und Thusnelda</a>", D 322</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig_(Schubert)" title="Erlkönig (Schubert)">Erlkönig</a>", D 328</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_K%C3%B6nig_in_Thule" title="Der König in Thule">Der König in Thule</a>", D 367</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Wanderer" title="Der Wanderer">Der Wanderer</a>", D 489</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiegenlied,_D_498_(Schubert)" title="Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert)">"Wiegenlied", D 498</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Tod_und_das_M%C3%A4dchen" title="Der Tod und das Mädchen">Der Tod und das Mädchen</a>", D 531</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_die_Musik" title="An die Musik">An die Musik</a>", D 547</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Die_Forelle" title="Die Forelle">Die Forelle</a>", D 550</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(art_song)" title="Prometheus (art song)">Prometheus</a>", D 674</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Welcome_and_Farewell" title="Welcome and Farewell">Willkommen und Abschied</a>", D 767</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Zwerg_(Schubert)" title="Der Zwerg (Schubert)">Der Zwerg</a>", D 771</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Auf_dem_Wasser_zu_singen" title="Auf dem Wasser zu singen">Auf dem Wasser zu singen</a>", D 774</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Du_bist_die_Ruh%27" title="Du bist die Ruh'">Du bist die Ruh'</a>, D 776</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lachen_und_Weinen" title="Lachen und Weinen">Lachen und Weinen</a>", D 777</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nacht_und_Tr%C3%A4ume" title="Nacht und Träume">Nacht und Träume</a>", D 827</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ave Maria</a>", D 839</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Im_Fr%C3%BChling" title="Im Frühling">Im Frühling</a>", D 882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4ndchen,_D_889_(Schubert)" title="Ständchen, D 889 (Schubert)">"Ständchen", D 889</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Sylvia" title="An Sylvia">An Sylvia</a>", D 891</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Der_Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Der Doppelgänger">Der Doppelgänger</a>", D 957 No. 13</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_on_the_Rock" title="The Shepherd on the Rock">Der Hirt auf dem Felsen</a>", D 965</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;"><a href="/wiki/Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">Cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_song_cycles" title="Schubert's song cycles">Schubert's song cycles</a>, including: <i><a href="/wiki/Die_sch%C3%B6ne_M%C3%BCllerin" title="Die schöne Müllerin">Die schöne Müllerin</a></i>, D 795</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a></i>, D 911</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schwanengesang" title="Schwanengesang">Schwanengesang</a></i>, D 957</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mignon_(Schubert)" title="Mignon (Schubert)">Mignon</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nur_wer_die_Sehnsucht_kennt" title="Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt">Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(music)" title="Romance (music)">Romanze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehnsucht" title="Sehnsucht">Sehnsucht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4ndchen_(Schubert)" title="Ständchen (Schubert)">Ständchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Trinklied</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wanderer%27s_Nightsong" title="Wanderer's Nightsong">Wandrers Nachtlied</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions by Franz Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_opus/Deutsch_number_concordance" title="Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance">Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Masses_by_Franz_Schubert96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schubert_masses" title="Template:Schubert masses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schubert_masses" title="Template talk:Schubert masses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert_masses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert masses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Masses_by_Franz_Schubert96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Masses</a> by <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 1 (Schubert)">No. 1 in F major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._2_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 2 (Schubert)">No. 2 in G major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._3_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 3 (Schubert)">No. 3 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._4_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 4 (Schubert)">No. 4 in C major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._5_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 5 (Schubert)">No. 5 in A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_No._6_(Schubert)" title="Mass No. 6 (Schubert)">No. 6 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Messe_(Schubert)" title="Deutsche Messe (Schubert)"><i>Deutsche Messe</i></a></li></ul> <p><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">List of compositions</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">by genre</a>)</small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Symphonies_by_Franz_Schubert350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schubert_symphonies" title="Template:Schubert symphonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schubert_symphonies" title="Template talk:Schubert symphonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert_symphonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert symphonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Symphonies_by_Franz_Schubert350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_symphonies" title="Schubert's symphonies">Symphonies</a> by <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Completed symphonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Schubert)">No. 1 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Schubert)">No. 2 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Schubert)">No. 3 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Schubert)">No. 4 in C minor</a> (<i>Tragic</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Schubert)">No. 5 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Schubert)">No. 6 in C major</a> (<i>Little</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">No. 9 in C major</a> (<i>Great</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Incomplete/unfinished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony,_D_2B_(Schubert)" title="Symphony, D 2B (Schubert)">D 2B in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony,_D_615_(Schubert)" title="Symphony, D 615 (Schubert)">D 615 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony,_D_708A_(Schubert)" title="Symphony, D 708A (Schubert)">D 708A in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Schubert)">No. 7 in E major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)">No. 8 in B minor</a> (<i>Unfinished</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Schubert)">No. 10 in D major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">by genre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chamber_music_by_Franz_Schubert461" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schubert_chamber_music" title="Template:Schubert chamber music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schubert_chamber_music" title="Template talk:Schubert chamber music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert_chamber_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert chamber music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chamber_music_by_Franz_Schubert461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_VI:_Chamber_Music_(Kammermusik)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Chamber music</a> by <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;"><a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">Duos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_compositions_for_violin_and_piano" title="Schubert's compositions for violin and piano">For violin and piano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonatas,_Op._137_(Schubert)" title="Violin Sonatas, Op. 137 (Schubert)">Sonat(in)as D 384, 385 and 408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_in_A_major,_D_574_(Schubert)" title="Violin Sonata in A major, D 574 (Schubert)">Duo in A major, D 574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondo_in_B_minor_for_violin_and_piano,_D_895_(Schubert)" title="Rondo in B minor for violin and piano, D 895 (Schubert)">Rondo in B minor, D 895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_for_violin_and_piano_(Schubert)" title="Fantasy for violin and piano (Schubert)">Fantasy in C major, D 934</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpeggione_Sonata" title="Arpeggione Sonata">Arpeggione Sonata, D 821</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Trios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonatensatz,_D_28_(Schubert)" title="Sonatensatz, D 28 (Schubert)">Sonatensatz for piano trio, D 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Trios_(Schubert)" title="String Trios (Schubert)">String Trios D 111A, 471 and 581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notturno_(Schubert)" title="Notturno (Schubert)">Notturno for piano trio, D 897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._1_(Schubert)" title="Piano Trio No. 1 (Schubert)">Piano Trio No. 1, D 898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._2_(Schubert)" title="Piano Trio No. 2 (Schubert)">Piano Trio No. 2, D 929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_on_the_Rock" title="The Shepherd on the Rock">"The Shepherd on the Rock", D 965</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">String<br />Quartets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._1_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 1 (Schubert)">No. 1, D 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._2_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 2 (Schubert)">No. 2, D 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._3_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 3 (Schubert)">No. 3, D 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._4_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 4 (Schubert)">No. 4, D 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._5_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 5 (Schubert)">No. 5, D 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._6_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 6 (Schubert)">No. 6, D 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._7_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 7 (Schubert)">No. 7, D 94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartettsatz,_D_103_(Schubert)" title="Quartettsatz, D 103 (Schubert)"><i>Quartettsatz</i>, D 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._8_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 8 (Schubert)">No. 8, D 112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._9_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 9 (Schubert)">No. 9, D 173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._10_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 10 (Schubert)">No. 10 (<i>Haushaltung</i>), D 87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._11_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 11 (Schubert)">No. 11, D 353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartettsatz,_D_703_(Schubert)" title="Quartettsatz, D 703 (Schubert)">No. 12 (<i>Quartettsatz</i>), D 703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._13_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 13 (Schubert)">No. 13 (<i>Rosamunde</i>), D 804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)">No. 14 (<i>Death and the Maiden</i>), D 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._15_(Schubert)" title="String Quartet No. 15 (Schubert)">No. 15, D 887</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rondo_in_A_major_for_Violin_and_Strings,_D_438_(Schubert)" title="Rondo in A major for Violin and Strings, D 438 (Schubert)">Rondo for violin and strings, D 438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adagio_and_Rondo_Concertante" title="Adagio and Rondo Concertante"><i>Adagio and Rondo Concertante</i>, D 487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Quintet" title="Trout Quintet"><i>Trout Quintet</i>, D 667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octet_(Schubert)" title="Octet (Schubert)">Octet, D 803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_(Schubert)" title="String Quintet (Schubert)">String Quintet, D 956</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">by genre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Piano_compositions_and_sonatas_by_Franz_Schubert803" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schubert_piano_compositions" title="Template:Schubert piano compositions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schubert_piano_compositions" title="Template talk:Schubert piano compositions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert_piano_compositions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schubert piano compositions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Piano_compositions_and_sonatas_by_Franz_Schubert803" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Series_VII:_Piano_Music_(Klaviermusik)" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Piano compositions</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Works_for_piano_and_one_or_more_instruments" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">sonatas</a> by <span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of solo piano compositions by Franz Schubert">Piano<br />two hands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Piano_sonatas_and_sonata_movements" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Sonatas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_E_major,_D_157_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in E major, D 157 (Schubert)">E major/B major, <b>D 157</b>/154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_C_major,_D_279_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in C major, D 279 (Schubert)">C major/A minor, <b>D 279</b>/277A/309A/346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_E_major,_D_459_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in E major, D 459 (Schubert)">E major "<i>Klavierstücke</i>", <b>D 459</b>/459A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A_minor,_D_537_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in A minor, D 537 (Schubert)">A minor, <b>D 537</b>, Op.164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A-flat_major,_D_557_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in A-flat major, D 557 (Schubert)">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 557</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_E_minor,_D_566_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in E minor, D 566 (Schubert)">E minor/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major/E major, <b>D 566</b>/506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_D-flat_major,_D_568_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in D-flat major, D 568 (Schubert)">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 567</b>/568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_E-flat_major,_D_568_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in E-flat major, D 568 (Schubert)">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 568</b>, Op.122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_F-sharp_minor,_D_571_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, D 571 (Schubert)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> minor, <b>D 571</b>/570/604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_B_major,_D_575_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in B major, D 575 (Schubert)">B major, <b>D 575</b>, Op.147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_C_major,_D_613_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in C major, D 613 (Schubert)">C major, <b>D 613</b>/600/610/612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_F_minor,_D_625_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in F minor, D 625 (Schubert)">F minor/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 625</b>/505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_C-sharp_minor,_D_655_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, D 655 (Schubert)">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> minor, <b>D 655</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A_major,_D_664_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in A major, D 664 (Schubert)">A major, <b>D 664</b>, Op.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_E_minor,_D_769A_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in E minor, D 769A (Schubert)">E minor, <b>D 769A</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A_minor,_D_784_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in A minor, D 784 (Schubert)">A minor, <b>D 784</b>, Op.143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_C_major,_D_840_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in C major, D 840 (Schubert)">C major "Reliquie", <b>D 840</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_A_minor,_D_845_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in A minor, D 845 (Schubert)">A minor, <b>D 845</b>, Op.42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_D_major,_D_850_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in D major, D 850 (Schubert)">D major "Gasteiner", <b>D 850</b>, Op.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_G_major,_D_894_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in G major, D 894 (Schubert)">G major "Fantasy", <b>D 894</b>, Op.78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas#Sonata_in_C_minor,_D._958" title="Schubert's last sonatas">C minor, <b>D 958</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas#Sonata_in_A_major,_D._959" title="Schubert's last sonatas">A major, <b>D 959</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_last_sonatas#Sonata_in_B-flat_major,_D._960" title="Schubert's last sonatas">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 960</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Miscellaneous_piano_works" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaterl%C3%A4ndischer_K%C3%BCnstlerverein#Part_II,_by_various_composers" title="Vaterländischer Künstlerverein">Variation No. 38 on a waltz by Diabelli, <b>D 718</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_Fantasy" title="Wanderer Fantasy"><i>Wanderer Fantasy</i>, <b>D 760</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valses_Sentimentales_and_Valses_Nobles_(Schubert)" title="Valses Sentimentales and Valses Nobles (Schubert)">34 Valses Sentimentales, <b>D 779</b>, Op.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valses_Sentimentales_and_Valses_Nobles_(Schubert)" title="Valses Sentimentales and Valses Nobles (Schubert)">12 Valses Nobles, <b>D 969</b>, Op.77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_moments_musicaux_(Schubert)" title="Six moments musicaux (Schubert)">6 Moments musicaux, <b>D 780</b>, Op.94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegretto_in_C_minor,_D._915_(Schubert)" title="Allegretto in C minor, D. 915 (Schubert)">Allegretto in C minor, <b>D 915</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impromptus,_Op._90_(Schubert)" title="Impromptus, Op. 90 (Schubert)">4 Impromptus, <b>D 899</b>, Op.90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impromptus,_Op._142_(Schubert)" title="Impromptus, Op. 142 (Schubert)">4 Impromptus, <b>D 935</b>, Op.142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impromptus_(Schubert)#Drei_Klavierstücke,_D._946" title="Impromptus (Schubert)">3 Impromptus "Klavierstücke", <b>D 946</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Works_for_piano_duet" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Piano<br />four hands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_in_B-flat_major_for_piano_four-hands,_D_617_(Schubert)" title="Sonata in B-flat major for piano four-hands, D 617 (Schubert)">Sonata in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 617</b>, Op.30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Marches_Militaires_(Schubert)" title="Three Marches Militaires (Schubert)">3 <i>Marches Militaires</i>, <b>D 733</b>, Op.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_in_C_major_for_piano_four-hands,_D_812_(Schubert)" title="Sonata in C major for piano four-hands, D 812 (Schubert)">Sonata in C major "Grand Duo", <b>D 812</b>, Op.140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_in_F_minor_(Schubert)" title="Fantasia in F minor (Schubert)">Fantasia in F minor, <b>D 940</b>, Op.103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Works_for_piano_and_one_or_more_instruments" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">Other<br />sonatas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schubert%27s_compositions_for_violin_and_piano" title="Schubert's compositions for violin and piano">violin and piano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonatas,_Op._137_(Schubert)" title="Violin Sonatas, Op. 137 (Schubert)">Sonat(in)as <b>D 384</b>, <b>385</b> and <b>408</b>, Op.137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_in_A_major,_D_574_(Schubert)" title="Violin Sonata in A major, D 574 (Schubert)">Sonata in A major "(Grand) Duo", <b>D 574</b>, Op.162</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arpeggione" title="Arpeggione">arpeggione</a> and piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpeggione_Sonata" title="Arpeggione Sonata">Sonata in A minor "Arpeggione", <b>D 821</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">piano trio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sonatensatz,_D_28_(Schubert)" title="Sonatensatz, D 28 (Schubert)">Sonatensatz in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major, <b>D 28</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonatas,_duos_and_fantasies_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert">Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert">List of compositions by Franz Schubert</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre">by genre</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stage_works_by_Franz_Schubert103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franz_Schubert_stage_works" title="Template:Franz Schubert stage works"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franz_Schubert_stage_works" title="Template talk:Franz Schubert stage works"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franz_Schubert_stage_works" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franz Schubert stage works"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stage_works_by_Franz_Schubert103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stage_works_by_Franz_Schubert" title="Stage works by Franz Schubert">Stage works</a> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_vierj%C3%A4hrige_Posten" title="Der vierjährige Posten">Der vierjährige Posten</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Freunde_von_Salamanka" title="Die Freunde von Salamanka">Die Freunde von Salamanka</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zwillingsbr%C3%BCder" title="Die Zwillingsbrüder">Die Zwillingsbrüder</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakuntala_(opera)" title="Sakuntala (opera)">Sakuntala</a></i> (1820)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_und_Estrella" title="Alfonso und Estrella">Alfonso und Estrella</a></i> (1822)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Verschworenen" title="Die Verschworenen">Die Verschworenen</a></i> (1823)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fierrabras_(opera)" title="Fierrabras (opera)">Fierrabras</a></i> (1823)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Graf_von_Gleichen" title="Der Graf von Gleichen">Der Graf von Gleichen</a></i> (1827)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Incidental music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosamunde" title="Rosamunde">Rosamunde</a></i> (1823)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Oratorio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_(Schubert)" title="Lazarus (Schubert)">Lazarus</a></i> (1820)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classical_period541" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template:Classical period (music)"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/First_Viennese_School" title="First Viennese School">First Viennese School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schubert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim_school" title="Mannheim school">Mannheim school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ignaz_Beck" title="Franz Ignaz Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Cannabich" title="Christian Cannabich">Cannabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Fils" title="Anton Fils">Fils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Fr%C3%A4nzl" title="Ignaz Fränzl">Fränzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Richter" title="Franz Xaver Richter">Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Stamitz" title="Carl Stamitz">C. Stamitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Stamitz" title="Johann Stamitz">J. Stamitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Abel" title="Carl Friedrich Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">C. P. E. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">J. C. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Benda" title="Georg Benda">G. Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Boccherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cimarosa" title="Domenico Cimarosa">Cimarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Clementi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf" title="Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf">Dittersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Ladislav_Dussek" title="Jan Ladislav Dussek">Dussek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Gossec" title="François-Joseph Gossec">Gossec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Gyrowetz" title="Adalbert Gyrowetz">Gyrowetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haydn" title="Michael Haydn">M. Haydn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister" title="Franz Anton Hoffmeister">Hoffmeister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Martin_Kraus" title="Joseph Martin Kraus">Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ko%C5%BEeluch" title="Leopold Koželuch">Koželuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Kreutzer" title="Rodolphe Kreutzer">Kreutzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Krommer" title="Franz Krommer">Krommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kuhlau" title="Friedrich Kuhlau">Kuhlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Mart%C3%ADn_y_Soler" title="Vicente Martín y Soler">Martín y Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">L. Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek" title="Josef Mysliveček">Mysliveček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Georg_Neruda" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Baptist Georg Neruda">Neruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paisiello" title="Giovanni Paisiello">Paisiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinni" title="Niccolò Piccinni">Piccinni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Pleyel" title="Ignaz Pleyel">Pleyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Ries" title="Ferdinand Ries">Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rode" title="Pierre Rode">Rode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosetti" title="Antonio Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sacchini" title="Antonio Sacchini">Sacchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Saint-Georges" title="Chevalier de Saint-Georges">Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Salieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sarti" title="Giuseppe Sarti">Sarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soler" title="Antonio Soler">Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Traetta" title="Tommaso Traetta">Traetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viotti" title="Giovanni Battista Viotti">Viotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Wanhal" title="Johann Baptist Wanhal">Wanhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wranitzky" title="Paul Wranitzky">Wranitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Antonio_Zingarelli" title="Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli">Zingarelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra#Classical_orchestra" title="Orchestra">Classical orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">String quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastorale" title="Pastorale">Pastorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensitive_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensitive style">Sensitive style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_music_(style)" title="Turkish music (style)">Turkish music (style)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notes_in%C3%A9gales" title="Notes inégales">Notes inégales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galant_Schemata" title="Galant Schemata">Galant Schemata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_physics" title="Classical physics">Physics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Baroque_music" title="Template:Baroque music">Baroque music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music">Romantic music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Classical_period_(music)" title="Category:Classical period (music)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Viennese_School25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Viennese_School" title="Template:First Viennese School"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Viennese_School" title="Template talk:First Viennese School"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Viennese_School" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Viennese School"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Viennese_School25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Viennese_School" title="First Viennese School">First Viennese School</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franz Schubert</a> (sometimes included)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romantic_music538" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romantic_music" title="Template talk:Romantic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romantic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romantic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romantic_music538" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_composers" title="List of Romantic composers">List of Romantic composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Composers and<br /> musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Atterberg" title="Kurt Atterberg">Atterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Bazzini" title="Antonio Bazzini">Bazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Beach" title="Amy Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Auguste_de_B%C3%A9riot" title="Charles Auguste de Bériot">Bériot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bertin" title="Louise Bertin">Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Bizet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Chaminade" title="Cécile Chaminade">Chaminade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Chausson" title="Ernest Chausson">Chausson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Crusell" title="Bernhard Crusell">Crusell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licien_David" title="Félicien David">Félicien David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_David_(musician)" title="Ferdinand David (musician)">Ferdinand David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Delibes" title="Léo Delibes">Delibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Delius" title="Frederick Delius">Delius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Denza" title="Luigi Denza">Denza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_d%27Indy" title="Vincent d'Indy">d'Indy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Farrenc" title="Louise Farrenc">Farrenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Foote" title="Arthur Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Franz" title="Robert Franz">Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Giuliani" title="Mauro Giuliani">Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Glazunov" title="Alexander Glazunov">Glazunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Gomes" title="Antônio Carlos Gomes">Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Melchor_Gomis" title="José Melchor Gomis">J. Gomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Gounod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gretchaninov" title="Alexander Gretchaninov">Gretchaninov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Herbert" title="Victor Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_H%C3%A9rold" title="Ferdinand Hérold">Hérold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Holst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kalivoda" title="Jan Kalivoda">Kalivoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kreisler" title="Fritz Kreisler">Kreisler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kuhlau" title="Friedrich Kuhlau">Kuhlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toivo_Kuula" title="Toivo Kuula">Kuula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Lachner" title="Franz Lachner">Lachner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lalo" title="Édouard Lalo">Lalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Leoncavallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Lumbye" title="Hans Christian Lumbye">Lumbye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lysenko" title="Mykola Lysenko">Lysenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leevi_Madetoja" title="Leevi Madetoja">Madetoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Masarnau_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Santiago Masarnau Fernández">Masarnau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Massenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saverio_Mercadante" title="Saverio Mercadante">Mercadante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9reaux" title="Amédée Méreaux">Méreaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Niedermeyer" title="Louis Niedermeyer">Niedermeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pacini" title="Giovanni Pacini">Pacini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knowles_Paine" title="John Knowles Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Popper" title="David Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Prudent" title="Émile Prudent">Prudent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Raff" title="Joachim Raff">Raff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Reinecke" title="Carl Reinecke">Reinecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Respighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Ries" title="Ferdinand Ries">Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rode" title="Pierre Rode">Rode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Sarasate" title="Pablo de Sarasate">Sarasate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_I" title="Johann Strauss I">J. Strauss I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">J. Strauss II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">R. Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Taneyev" title="Sergei Taneyev">Taneyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Tárrega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Tobias" title="Rudolf Tobias">Tobias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Vieuxtemps" title="Henri Vieuxtemps">Vieuxtemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ysa%C3%BFe" title="Eugène Ysaÿe">Ysaÿe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_guitar" title="Romantic guitar">Romantic guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra#Early_Romantic_orchestra" title="Orchestra">Romantic orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(classical_music)" title="Ballade (classical music)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_piece" title="Character piece">Character piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorale_prelude" title="Chorale prelude">Chorale prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">Mazurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_song" title="Orchestral song">Orchestral song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantische_Oper" title="Romantische Oper">Romantic opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">Symphonic poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">Symphony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianist_movement" title="Indianist movement">Indianist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_School" title="New German School">New German School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_the_Belyayev_circle" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle">Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_The_Five" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five">Tchaikovsky and The Five</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Romantics" title="War of the Romantics">War of the Romantics</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template:Classical period (music)">Classical music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Template:Modernism (music)">Modernist music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Romantic_music" title="Category:Romantic music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanticism556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanticism" title="Template talk:Romanticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanticism556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">England (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_literature#Romanticism" title="19th-century French literature">(literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Golden Age of Russian Poetry">Russia (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Spanish_literature" title="Romanticism in Spanish literature">Spain (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Sweden (literature)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppet_group" title="Coppet group">Coppet group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf School of painting">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianism_(arts)" title="Indianism (arts)">Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preromanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preromanticism">Pre</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_school" title="Ukrainian school">Ukrainian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Romanticism" title="Ultra-Romanticism">Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wallenrod" title="Konrad Wallenrod">Wallenrodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_flower" title="Blue flower">Blue flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Art_(Romantic_Era)" title="British Marine Art (Romantic Era)">British Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia#Romanticism" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_romanticism" title="Rhine romanticism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)#Romanticism_and_genius" title="Genius (literature)">Romantic genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_art" title="White Mountain art">White Mountain art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Literature" title="Romanticism">Writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu" title="Casimiro de Abreu">Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida" title="Manuel Antônio de Almeida">Manuel Antônio de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Alves" title="Castro Alves">Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de Azevedo">Azevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Barreto" title="Tobias Barreto">Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Bernardo Guimarães">Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo" title="Joaquim Manuel de Macedo">Macedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_de_Magalh%C3%A3es,_Viscount_of_Araguaia" title="Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia">Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Firmina_dos_Reis" title="Maria Firmina dos Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay,_Viscount_of_Taunay" title="Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay">Taunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela" title="Fagundes Varela">Varela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France#Literature" title="Romanticism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Vigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_G%C3%BCnderrode" title="Karoline von Günderrode">Günderrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Great<br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">C. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">de Quincey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Polidori" title="John William Polidori">Polidori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson_(poet)" title="Mary Robinson (poet)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P. B. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland#Notable_Polish_Romantic_writers_and_poets" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski" title="Józef Ignacy Kraszewski">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Malczewski" title="Antoni Malczewski">Malczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Norwid" title="Cyprian Norwid">Norwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Pol" title="Wincenty Pol">Wincenty Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Feliciano_de_Castilho" title="António Feliciano de Castilho">Castilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_de_Nogueira_Ramos" title="João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos">João de Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Dinis" title="Júlio Dinis">Dinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Augusto_Soares_de_Passos" title="António Augusto Soares de Passos">Soares dos Passos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Baratynsky" title="Yevgeny Baratynsky">Baratynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batyushkov" title="Konstantin Batyushkov">Batyushkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker">Küchelbecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev" title="Fyodor Tyutchev">Tyutchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Vyazemsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadinović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Zmaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Saavedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Abovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Baratashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Botev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Chavchavadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Isaacs" title="Jorge Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Orbeliani" title="Grigol Orbeliani">Orbeliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffi_(novelist)" title="Raffi (novelist)">Raffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Runeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Topelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Erkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Goldmark" title="Karl Goldmark">Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heller" title="Stephen Heller">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Hubay" title="Jenő Hubay">Hubay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Lipi%C5%84ski" title="Karol Lipiński">Lipiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Stolpe" title="Antoni Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Tausig" title="Karl Tausig">Tausig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lyapunov" title="Sergei Lyapunov">Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Hristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Konjović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Mokranjac" title="Stevan Mokranjac">Mokranjac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelije_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Kornelije Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_philosophy" title="Romanticism in philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky" title="Vissarion Belinsky">Belinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Berchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Chaadayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Larra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pivert_de_Senancour" title="Étienne Pivert de Senancour">Senancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Snellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Visual artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Aivazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Bryullov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d'Angers">David d'Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Edelfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Fuseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Gallen-Kallela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nepomucen_G%C5%82owacki" title="Jan Nepomucen Głowacki">Głowacki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Janmot" title="Louis Janmot">Janmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)" title="Thomas Jones (artist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orest_Kiprensky" title="Orest Kiprensky">Kiprensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Lampi" title="Franciszek Ksawery Lampi">Lampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(painter)" title="John Martin (painter)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Micha%C5%82owski" title="Piotr Michałowski">Michałowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_Porto-Alegre,_Baron_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo">Porto-Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault">Préault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R%C3%A9voil" title="Pierre Révoil">Révoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Stattler" title="Wojciech Stattler">Stattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Stroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tropinin" title="Vasily Tropinin">Tropinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Veit" title="Philipp Veit">Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(English_artist)" title="James Ward (English artist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Abraham" title="Gerald Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barzun" title="Jacques Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Beiser" title="Frederick C. Beiser">Beiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Blume" title="Friedrich Blume">Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferber" title="Michael Ferber">Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Janion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Wellek" title="René Wellek">Wellek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantics" title="List of romantics">List of romantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_poets" title="List of Romantic poets">List of Romantic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_and_Romanticism" title="Opium and Romanticism">Opium and Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_medicine" title="Romantic medicine">Romantic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_psychology" title="Romantic psychology">Romantic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_economics" title="Romanticism and economics">Romanticism and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Romanticism and the French Revolution">Romanticism and the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Romanticism in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_Bacon" title="Romanticism and Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_evolution_theory" title="Romanticism in evolution theory">Evolution theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_above_the_Sea_of_Fog" title="Wanderer above the Sea of Fog">Wanderer above the Sea of Fog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism">Modernism</a></b> →</div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4537" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Opera" title="Portal:Opera">Opera</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Franz Schubert</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" class="extiw" title="c:Franz Schubert">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert" class="extiw" title="q:Franz Schubert">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Franz_Schubert" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Franz Schubert">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&oldid=1276430319">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schubert&oldid=1276430319</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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