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<!doctype html><html lang="en-US"><head> <title>Charles Darwin - The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals</title> <meta name="description" content="Charles Darwin - The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals"> <meta name="keywords" content="Charles Darwin The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals"> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://classic-literature.co.uk/main-css.css" media="all"> </head> <body> <div class="one"> <div class="two"> <div class="top"> <h1> <a href="/the-expression-of-emotion-in-man-and-animals/">The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals</a> </h1> by the <a href="https://classic-literature.co.uk/british-authors/">Classic British Author</a> <h2> <em>Charles Darwin</em> </h2> Free Public Domain Book from the <h5> <a href="https://classic-literature.co.uk/">Classic Literature Library</a> </h5> </div> <div class="content"> <div style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:10px;">  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8325072546567078" data-ad-slot="3015744767" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <script src="//z-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/onejs?MarketPlace=US&adInstanceId=769f3aaf-6e63-4a94-8e10-c99d4ddd21b7"></script> </div> <p align="center"> The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals Page 01 </p> <p> THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS IN MAN AND ANIMALS </p> <p> BY CHARLES DARWIN M.A., F.R.S., ETC. </p> <p> _WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS_ </p> <p> NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1899 </p> <p> Authorized Edition. </p> <p> CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION......................................................Pages 1-26 </p> <p> CHAP. I--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION. The three chief principles stated--The first principle--Serviceable actions become habitual in association with certain states of the mind, and are performed whether or not of service in each particular case-- The force of habit--Inheritance--Associated habitual movements in man--Reflex actions--Passage of habits into reflex actions-- Associated habitual movements in the lower animals-- Concluding remarks ............27-49 </p> <p> CHAP. II--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION--_continued_. The Principle of Antithesis--Instances in the dog and cat--Origin of the principle-- Conventional signs--The principle of antithesis has not arisen from opposite actions being consciously performed under opposite impulses ..........50-65 </p> <p> CHAP. III--GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION--_concluded_. </p> <p> The principle of the direct action of the excited nervous system on the body, independently of the will and in part of habit--Change of colour in the hair-- Trembling of the muscles--Modified secretions--Perspiration--Expression of extreme pain--Of rage, great joy, and terror--Contrast between the emotions which cause and do not cause expressive movements--Exciting and depressing states of the mind--Summary............................................ 66-82 </p> <p> CHAP. IV--MEANS OF EXPRESSION. IN ANIMALS. The emission of sounds-- Vocal sounds--Sounds otherwise produced--Erection of the dermal appendages, hairs, feathers, &c., under the emotions of anger and terror--The drawing back of the ears as a preparation for fighting, and as an expression of anger-- Erection of the ears and raising the head, a sign of attention 88-114 </p> <p> CHAP. V.--SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF ANIMALS. The Dog, various expressive movements of--Cats--Horses--Ruminants--Monkeys, their expression of joy and affection--Of pain--Anger Astonishment and Terror Pages 115-145 </p> <p> CHAP. VI.--SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN: SUFFERING AND WEEPING. The screaming and weeping of infants--Form of features--Age at which weeping commences-- The effects of habitual restraint on weeping--Sobbing--Cause of the contraction of the muscles round the eyes during screaming-- Cause of the secretion of tears 146-175 </p> <p> CHAP. VII.--LOW SPIRITS, ANXIETY, GRIEF, DEJECTION, DESPAIR. General effect of grief on the system--Obliquity of the eyebrows under suffering-- On the cause of the obliquity of the eyebrows--On the depression of the corners of the mouth 176-195 </p> <p> CHAP. VIII.--JOY, HIGH SPIRITS, LOVE, TENDER FEELINGS, DEVOTION. Laughter primarily the expression of joy--Ludicrous ideas-- Movements of the features during laughter--Nature of the sound produced-- The secretion of tears during loud laughter--Gradation from loud laughter to gentle smiling--High spirits--The expression of love-- Tender feelings--Devotion 196-219 </p> <p> CHAP. IX.--REFLECTION--MEDITATION--ILL--TEMPER--SULKINESS DETERMINATION. The act of frowning--Reflection with an effort or with the perception of something difficult or disagreeable--Abstracted meditation-- Ill-temper--Moroseness--Obstinacy--Sulkiness and pouting-- Decision or determination--The firm closure of the mouth 220-236 </p> <p> CHAP. X.-HATRED AND ANGER. </p> <p> Hatred--Rage, effects of on the system--Uncovering of the teeth-- Rage in the insane--Anger and indignation--As expressed by the various races of man--Sneering and defiance--The uncovering of the canine teeth on one side of the face 237-252 </p> <p> CHAP. XI.--DISDAIN--CONTEMPT--DISGUST--GUILT--PRIDE, ETC.--HELPLESSNESS-- PATIENCE--AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION. Contempt, scorn and disdain, variously expressed--Derisive Smile--Gestures expressive of contempt-- Disgust--Guilt, deceit, pride, etc.--Helplessness or impotence-- Patience--Obstinacy--Shrugging the shoulders common to most of the races of man--Signs of affirmation and negation 253-277 </p> </div> <div class="base"> <div style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:10px;"> <script src="//z-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/onejs?MarketPlace=US&adInstanceId=769f3aaf-6e63-4a94-8e10-c99d4ddd21b7"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8325072546567078" data-ad-slot="3015744767" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <p> <a href="ebook-page-02.asp"><strong>The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals Page 02</strong></a> </p> <a href="https://classic-literature.co.uk/british-authors/19th-century/">19th Century English Literature</a><br> <h3> <a href="/">Charles Darwin</a> </h3> <p class="g"> <em><a href="https://classic-literature.co.uk/">Free Books in the public domain from the Classic Literature Library &copy</a></em> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right_menu_container"> <div class="right_menu_top"> <a href="/"><strong>Charles Darwin</strong></a><br> <br> <a href="pages.html">All Pages of This Book</a> </div>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-33197719-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-33197719-1'); </script> <div class="right_menu_middle"> </div> <div class="right_menu_bottom"> <iframe src="pages.html" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" width="170" height="375" title="pages"> </iframe> </div> <div class="right_google_ads_content">  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8325072546567078" data-ad-slot="3015744767" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> </body> </html>