CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Petrus Pistorius - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="rBGHu77hOe4G+CzlL1+zYKhMZGaZATQ9aT0D0iXfpc8zMtszQOzIZUhX0XSezw4iXkPB+pxB/tYHgZcrq6XNKQ==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="petrus pistorius" /> <meta name="description" content="Petrus Pistorius: 109 Followers, 3 Following, 158 Research papers. Research interests: Heat Exchangers, Transition, and Economics of Natural Resources and the…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15275,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277124438,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732379343000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732379343000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":220108,"name":"Heat Exchangers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Exchangers"},{"id":55704,"name":"Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition"},{"id":244396,"name":"Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Natural_Resources_and_the_Environment"},{"id":20202,"name":"Production Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Planning"},{"id":37306,"name":"Quality Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius","location":"/PPistorius","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/PPistorius","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-8d471258-0cca-404b-94ca-0c83c5f1a4f1"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-8d471258-0cca-404b-94ca-0c83c5f1a4f1"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Petrus Pistorius</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Petrus" data-follow-user-id="49496319" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="49496319"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">109</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49496319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Exchangers"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius","location":"/PPistorius","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/PPistorius","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Heat Exchangers"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-c1cbdbe7-c461-4315-a4a6-d81074ca181a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-c1cbdbe7-c461-4315-a4a6-d81074ca181a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49496319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transition"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Transition"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-bd1734c8-7108-4967-a4a6-d5ef39d40d62"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-bd1734c8-7108-4967-a4a6-d5ef39d40d62"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49496319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Natural_Resources_and_the_Environment"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-03bc6ada-48fa-4827-9118-78723a9aa753"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-03bc6ada-48fa-4827-9118-78723a9aa753"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49496319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Planning"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Production Planning"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-af011b97-735e-4167-8088-2b451c5b7004"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-af011b97-735e-4167-8088-2b451c5b7004"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49496319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Quality Control"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-48f48a0a-b9d7-4b03-96c8-96c5d4584225"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-48f48a0a-b9d7-4b03-96c8-96c5d4584225"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Petrus Pistorius</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181542"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte">Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa915667675b776d87f130469e23644c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676314,"asset_id":123181542,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181542"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181542"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181542; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181542]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181542; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181542']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181542, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa915667675b776d87f130469e23644c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181542]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181542,"title":"Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":15,"month":5,"year":2007,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:57.320-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676314,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tshilombo_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676314/Tshilombo_2007-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=C16vaqUQObGMXZp5mT1Th6x9Qo1~qfIPV0O8fGzbzpVuw0Asm0ng4ipBi4nEAeX4CnejUepM9GSS9cIyS3hJyIS-VHOZ~g~OTZa7AMjiqDHe9-K5K7~RsCzsxcauLtCcVvr~4q0pWRCMXZQX2DKvj2Htl9SZptwCuhD4l7J4sFooydvcP~0g7wSW9ai4SHM4vBh4QC22LL9GRmWtLNn3uVWzz9m7xAfqUdMp97FPBo50yZVc9FQV7GzLwgJWh~SGO0uPhGb9LOuYj~flduIm7W7bfRSsOZx-aD-EXStEDAOt0UaBZ3cJ~8UhpWydmjuz~5JeNfZwBMXu1DO0YFhFzw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676314,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tshilombo_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676314/Tshilombo_2007-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=C16vaqUQObGMXZp5mT1Th6x9Qo1~qfIPV0O8fGzbzpVuw0Asm0ng4ipBi4nEAeX4CnejUepM9GSS9cIyS3hJyIS-VHOZ~g~OTZa7AMjiqDHe9-K5K7~RsCzsxcauLtCcVvr~4q0pWRCMXZQX2DKvj2Htl9SZptwCuhD4l7J4sFooydvcP~0g7wSW9ai4SHM4vBh4QC22LL9GRmWtLNn3uVWzz9m7xAfqUdMp97FPBo50yZVc9FQV7GzLwgJWh~SGO0uPhGb9LOuYj~flduIm7W7bfRSsOZx-aD-EXStEDAOt0UaBZ3cJ~8UhpWydmjuz~5JeNfZwBMXu1DO0YFhFzw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":133265,"name":"Dissertation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissertation"},{"id":156579,"name":"Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Oxide"},{"id":322549,"name":"Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen"},{"id":418531,"name":"Magnetite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetite"},{"id":783147,"name":"University of Pretoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_of_Pretoria"},{"id":1276642,"name":"Electrolyte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolyte"},{"id":2292122,"name":"Slag","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slag"}],"urls":[{"id":44214082,"url":"https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/4005/1/Tshilombo_2007.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181541"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling">Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</span><span>, Mar 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c363c8483e4ae719b969254606980245" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676312,"asset_id":123181541,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181541"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181541]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181541']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181541, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c363c8483e4ae719b969254606980245" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181541]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181541,"title":"Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Academy of Science of South Africa","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:57.130-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676312,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676312/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gO3dNC35V0LqNP8fqzD9wyqKRWPSpNT~Nl-w9PguuRRuPH41Z0ryR-J6lRAK8Y9MBeMScT~z7oBFaOhKUhia0aTHQ0DosH1z8yPI85uKL7UvZlcQ0SdfY2RKpSAPx8w3L3PJZ~fhtFI2xYOV-Hyb4IL~pNrT3LteOSdkbiUgpTDIestKgDaHNn14I-AbJIA03uxtTEqc~zLx6qLda~1LLL0ekV9EoERgyRD0Y71R~96M8tlQYe~VGNQbvRJZuHpqHvS1WvotX7dVoNFuaZ0ZCXOU~FsGBXT5B~~XsEUw7aK6fB4YzfeL9BEzsC8OYleOrD5Usxznp-Oa1aEuG-GNxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676312,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676312/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gO3dNC35V0LqNP8fqzD9wyqKRWPSpNT~Nl-w9PguuRRuPH41Z0ryR-J6lRAK8Y9MBeMScT~z7oBFaOhKUhia0aTHQ0DosH1z8yPI85uKL7UvZlcQ0SdfY2RKpSAPx8w3L3PJZ~fhtFI2xYOV-Hyb4IL~pNrT3LteOSdkbiUgpTDIestKgDaHNn14I-AbJIA03uxtTEqc~zLx6qLda~1LLL0ekV9EoERgyRD0Y71R~96M8tlQYe~VGNQbvRJZuHpqHvS1WvotX7dVoNFuaZ0ZCXOU~FsGBXT5B~~XsEUw7aK6fB4YzfeL9BEzsC8OYleOrD5Usxznp-Oa1aEuG-GNxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676310,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676310/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676310/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676310/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gt03hY5fnRb36tYhHHQov7K-~El58BvnCnx52QhEUm-BSdoZxASMMBLpiI24FsXfgIj3Y-6QoXmgG-~SIrolIldjjawmF2Yco1xxAdG7lNxJZ93aWJdCd4vhFhFMIMf~O1TgHw8W7ZFTYJLKxkjCo4-ETBZzDpekSlzzqSivfgZ1NWS29Zb~kp2vd16dwI67j0U4jGiANGWWbkEWOEEO7JWX0FycN5lkKgASq4hngNazn7t4jlz5N4~AQBcWwaKRy19SKOLWTk~GuMwb5qdZkPi3U3uRrwM2P3si09cV~4pK781yEo9YiPW6u34cIxaxVKAVEG1CjwtJn2-bDLi8Dw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"},{"id":121283,"name":"Ecological Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Footprint"},{"id":449987,"name":"Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Footprint"},{"id":614045,"name":"Base Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Metal"}],"urls":[{"id":44214081,"url":"http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/jsaimm/v108n3/05.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181540"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model">The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metals</span><span>, May 10, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6bc90448ca98ef4cd16b98a4c388ba8f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676311,"asset_id":123181540,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181540"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181540; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181540]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181540; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181540']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181540, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6bc90448ca98ef4cd16b98a4c388ba8f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181540]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181540,"title":"The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","publication_date":{"day":10,"month":5,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metals"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:56.875-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676311,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676311/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508978=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=fxEMGPVbpSZNbxftXJ1PmyMegQDLVAtaCiiSjtRwL7VoGMXDAQ7yNaJ1BN-gRYafCu0PAmOp6dAqIdZis2eavVriQEjXOEgbfglwIMNp7XMMWyLmsHx4mgcYhLV~ipKiNvQNRkIt6AjutMgt7gRikWL3EwdmSHlu1ogN8~kfiWJ~bIDpTsPCVlsQNH68y1g8QF3ApixdZ2Phg785Mor8PhLJS9-k-mQyh~8QT0fWVIPp1pSaUB4MPeCguwCWzFtXBPYwZd938m-OBf93FkU0diPiMKueIn0LW79Jj8E1ILG-MHnxewRCQdlQX-IWG1YBuQFztffl0r-lnN9b-~AyIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676311,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676311/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508978=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=fxEMGPVbpSZNbxftXJ1PmyMegQDLVAtaCiiSjtRwL7VoGMXDAQ7yNaJ1BN-gRYafCu0PAmOp6dAqIdZis2eavVriQEjXOEgbfglwIMNp7XMMWyLmsHx4mgcYhLV~ipKiNvQNRkIt6AjutMgt7gRikWL3EwdmSHlu1ogN8~kfiWJ~bIDpTsPCVlsQNH68y1g8QF3ApixdZ2Phg785Mor8PhLJS9-k-mQyh~8QT0fWVIPp1pSaUB4MPeCguwCWzFtXBPYwZd938m-OBf93FkU0diPiMKueIn0LW79Jj8E1ILG-MHnxewRCQdlQX-IWG1YBuQFztffl0r-lnN9b-~AyIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676313,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676313/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676313/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676313/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508982=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=HjbzMdA74zAwGXveiVO3Wy9xDpBEakvhP1WKiWN1dgvAJwtsSLLJ-SLvhDX45Ap-invXxl7eZ~e-V94is5yfFZP4-kV~JJRcmrDFJJj6N7hdJUgsnvDDgv4CfZ7WO5pQwNAhGrBOt6R30~qdxaRR5n~MX8JXacU4zHAKWIdDsZEpoUHGnfQ-88-q2nFA9fSmL0jTdMzt1EdtErzu2MuJaZFHM0ih~dkTmo9V6yqVNIfJ4b1TXxtnr2lneu4PpyQtmfVTX3xYW4GFN16smpsAXTB2i6z-iLB~KvubGMdB~O8Zsu1E~N~RTd7~zoqaOoXLpoiY0bX2MKBjaochLnv2vg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":18873,"name":"Automotive Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automotive_Industry"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals"},{"id":460484,"name":"Scrap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scrap"}],"urls":[{"id":44214080,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/5/338/pdf?version=1525947507"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181539"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables">Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ironmaking & Steelmaking</span><span>, Oct 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d1e76baa5404f8c76b165a0ef3a90fa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676316,"asset_id":123181539,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181539"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181539"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181539; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181539]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181539]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181539; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181539']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181539, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7d1e76baa5404f8c76b165a0ef3a90fa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181539]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181539,"title":"Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":10,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ironmaking \u0026 Steelmaking"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:56.007-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676316,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676316/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508957=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=QqCAd0W6woAlzV20Rq5ZkVkzTXOnmQEuU4KKmrksYDm3SHOl1nqRneDtxC2qSl54OR7~xUNwKchBKGLkVuOb3AbSuykLD9reoFJr5b8gSoakjthbTuEctkl8fuRM~JLD~MxH-yOOLuIHdmQs0B9scMdfqAYh5eY~IlgtKup7gqY9e21l9SujbkUo4K7U7Pyk74zGcPg09Gg3PpvlTp1gX-b7t0QkYRJvj7LNpGaxWTHWNyBn56w~RmGrGnLPuPnMr7dEdQCnL-GU8h33qZdslD0Q7HvtJPwOQ1TfkoBKzOiMt6x1WCBZTfvz0uRFVRB~MHIakEVLbkkIjvar7H4mNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676316,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676316/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508957=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=QqCAd0W6woAlzV20Rq5ZkVkzTXOnmQEuU4KKmrksYDm3SHOl1nqRneDtxC2qSl54OR7~xUNwKchBKGLkVuOb3AbSuykLD9reoFJr5b8gSoakjthbTuEctkl8fuRM~JLD~MxH-yOOLuIHdmQs0B9scMdfqAYh5eY~IlgtKup7gqY9e21l9SujbkUo4K7U7Pyk74zGcPg09Gg3PpvlTp1gX-b7t0QkYRJvj7LNpGaxWTHWNyBn56w~RmGrGnLPuPnMr7dEdQCnL-GU8h33qZdslD0Q7HvtJPwOQ1TfkoBKzOiMt6x1WCBZTfvz0uRFVRB~MHIakEVLbkkIjvar7H4mNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676315,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676315/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676315/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676315/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=dll-PXP10M8DuIxby3kGSmUQWGanBfOpwYB220~OebHMIEVBPQqac09Rq2OteU~8gr3UsjcLMrGLXXcWlML5cz5svwLuxHJgAOZBxuurqK1M1toVkrnHothzqHoh5zhx8rPFbPBBoTNdUIjanz7eaM5WlIf-4QgDxBZ4YJnjZxzekPFNtb802462euCxrVxT9E5G-M5-3bFFxGKR3Ayi87z2skY4FcFyfsEU3oB98XF7xXsH5xjGWNzHBDjD5nBJG8e6yZkTS8bRn4EOV2z-6AdjDzaxOOJhOEThInYw2IDxoMEQCfG52qXraxC0VYFgsq~CPRSq-yW8yQUMx2iISw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":218092,"name":"Ironmaking and Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironmaking_and_Steelmaking"},{"id":268057,"name":"Vanadium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium"}],"urls":[{"id":44214079,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/13441/1/Steinberg_Control(2009).pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181538"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace">Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7554e36eeb14b4b556f81d67c242a5ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676307,"asset_id":123181538,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181538"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181538"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181538; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181538]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181538; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181538']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181538, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7554e36eeb14b4b556f81d67c242a5ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181538]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181538,"title":"Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Academy of Science of South Africa","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.817-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676307/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=cvquW9DJVctV~dj5lQiai7UgYZX~f32l232m0oC6VmkUJkA~eSxybyJjM9~k7tABQ778592s2tBV3Q3VL5Jq30KTlcNLYchJfRh-zinulw6DcVn2X54Nb5cUYN~i9b~XNWaRV~-tGzRF5qp6Hj8LfIf29ukWFjgVyO8qxJR6I9mSwFHWbF9~IyKRnFC-ym7uCTNcpWW8KOB97OPVGGOE9hR2B7EwTY8ECyYNo38-LVMnv7hAPZNSZKC4VgoV1uhxlY-9u5OJpgNsOtHPV6ZpJJZpbq2JK7I84zfDoVNzwZeI8l~o9tBtnzE5l-fIGl~c881xBfdOVY0-RmloIYHPpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676307/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=cvquW9DJVctV~dj5lQiai7UgYZX~f32l232m0oC6VmkUJkA~eSxybyJjM9~k7tABQ778592s2tBV3Q3VL5Jq30KTlcNLYchJfRh-zinulw6DcVn2X54Nb5cUYN~i9b~XNWaRV~-tGzRF5qp6Hj8LfIf29ukWFjgVyO8qxJR6I9mSwFHWbF9~IyKRnFC-ym7uCTNcpWW8KOB97OPVGGOE9hR2B7EwTY8ECyYNo38-LVMnv7hAPZNSZKC4VgoV1uhxlY-9u5OJpgNsOtHPV6ZpJJZpbq2JK7I84zfDoVNzwZeI8l~o9tBtnzE5l-fIGl~c881xBfdOVY0-RmloIYHPpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676308,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676308/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676308/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676308/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508965=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IwBv3qYxFOfW1rwY5T7hJWyfOHZUmFa~hk5iFff6ZkSvH4RMkYx22RmIYJQJPLm4P0yz59wbhEmzmatRy6RrR3OEU4w0nL1SB8DC9d7tJke8JKfyKxUxG1pJpWzSgsj0nOmQQYjVo4lbyJW~vjktqNx2LFjkGkaaTKJqAw9L7~0im8AvZKzNLyFBKYP7wJKypIMqU7J82lG3c4lWryRABvCiEY6D-c6fhCF22Ryk0-vWN~1Zc-1A36W6K-YX7DV~mmQMkDt8CTFJWpjIHMGcLg8kZbS1hZnXIBk2TcZ4BJblEFcOQ~baewwkWXVNMvQGJq9GkwAhkpt-GOYJzf4uow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"}],"urls":[{"id":44214078,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/52115/1/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181537"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process">Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fuel Processing Technology</span><span>, Aug 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="facc18a3a1165cba67bac10e2dd87393" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676305,"asset_id":123181537,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181537"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181537]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181537']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181537, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "facc18a3a1165cba67bac10e2dd87393" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181537]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181537,"title":"Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":8,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Fuel Processing Technology"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.620-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676305,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676305/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SnI4JSJO3ncxzL~tcJ6JcE6M64AywyPBGZquIYmrvwba6yiTErHL3Q6r6WdPYIsKI~aqQa9~v4wzUqmzj-GQ9Z-28fNr-wa7hzsX6f0bOZyc9VQvotLUNUbzm~uY4YavqinHk5HAk8wUQ7KfwYbn0aZTNJXO-8lJ7KdnyVj4ge41W65EqavQOwS5zHQtNykvYN4HhO2dVjBDnK4GIGXNM0fTn46g0Y5Tffy3n2i5h~r2p8I~MgYYwolc6hkAVjrXYvbDRvd5qfEosIUEbsOJcYIN7Xy7nfCm~V8Hy9a2wBUvRBiFDH2tlLLbxKyG8FfO2~VoQYekIBcA7W1-IUrWiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676305,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676305/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SnI4JSJO3ncxzL~tcJ6JcE6M64AywyPBGZquIYmrvwba6yiTErHL3Q6r6WdPYIsKI~aqQa9~v4wzUqmzj-GQ9Z-28fNr-wa7hzsX6f0bOZyc9VQvotLUNUbzm~uY4YavqinHk5HAk8wUQ7KfwYbn0aZTNJXO-8lJ7KdnyVj4ge41W65EqavQOwS5zHQtNykvYN4HhO2dVjBDnK4GIGXNM0fTn46g0Y5Tffy3n2i5h~r2p8I~MgYYwolc6hkAVjrXYvbDRvd5qfEosIUEbsOJcYIN7Xy7nfCm~V8Hy9a2wBUvRBiFDH2tlLLbxKyG8FfO2~VoQYekIBcA7W1-IUrWiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676306,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676306/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676306/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676306/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=c9H3jcg0lZmqasmX6wrewvx5oEyehylR0-j5DoQhAEwGejV~Qm2JIjGsV-7slgp6FWGgRRBM3~Mjuf~6we56HbFzQ7NOXYZ8wPteCM9d7JxF57cDzK8O599Ms0~RhtO6Su-jjEkNoXyuFa4L2ZgWa8RIh9rlYAr0-joR01CpmnonEq5xuOyBY4LwmrUcpbXCOgWp8BpPyYIr0Le0DDtRszC0uM3mIvqcmqdjwLYk-iB5Tu-4dEX~B6jNv9XAkFnlbT-cL5hSpdkRTqt4EcZjiex-kZbCaR7RHYB9Pb83E4G4CWMSIR2Ua7dE8BoQBBu9wDD0BhoGRrYGuIetGfE~QQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":414,"name":"Mineralogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineralogy"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":2158,"name":"Sintering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sintering"},{"id":10743,"name":"Coal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal"},{"id":103741,"name":"Dolomite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolomite"},{"id":156579,"name":"Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Oxide"},{"id":156636,"name":"Pyrite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrite"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron"},{"id":205543,"name":"Calcite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcite"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African"},{"id":461895,"name":"Mineral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineral"},{"id":536857,"name":"Coal Gasification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal_Gasification"},{"id":970387,"name":"Organic Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Matter"},{"id":1226214,"name":"Maceral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maceral"},{"id":1395173,"name":"Kaolinite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaolinite"},{"id":2203512,"name":"Electron Microscope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscope"},{"id":2530121,"name":"Illite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illite"}],"urls":[{"id":44214077,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/16427/1/Matjie_Behaviour(2011).pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181536"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data">Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07daa8896f50bd383ccf5bfd5e1a63d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676304,"asset_id":123181536,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181536"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181536"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181536; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181536]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181536; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181536']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181536, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07daa8896f50bd383ccf5bfd5e1a63d6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181536]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181536,"title":"Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation"},"translated_abstract":"Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.403-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676304/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508976=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=KHPzPuNpHUZiMvGHX0JbVtCMZ0O~V9QiLMtQ0nV6kDYLUUCn9aZj5h-Ct69cMNcDV7m5KP4inB43PoiVHNMu-km6OlwJtHtsBnZWWBy6Oo62dgKkMkwa4JeibPMVSvJZvhYbpHrxvyETUIFXu56xG1lpRJSeEdq7mi4R~jWpLcp5JuMRTputgHGlD05HSOc34bwfnvASsbbKsjE-OnhEvsXaUnXdn7-bM7QI79p8OQGkLaYC~we5WzyAHzqxSAxUys2bRnp2nKkcYB3-vEXABbF4hJc3pzeTKG5kzy3lydkjXQbcCl9xJy9BPs9GFoE8JV49ZJ4kPTDF6oE1PMgxXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676304/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508976=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=KHPzPuNpHUZiMvGHX0JbVtCMZ0O~V9QiLMtQ0nV6kDYLUUCn9aZj5h-Ct69cMNcDV7m5KP4inB43PoiVHNMu-km6OlwJtHtsBnZWWBy6Oo62dgKkMkwa4JeibPMVSvJZvhYbpHrxvyETUIFXu56xG1lpRJSeEdq7mi4R~jWpLcp5JuMRTputgHGlD05HSOc34bwfnvASsbbKsjE-OnhEvsXaUnXdn7-bM7QI79p8OQGkLaYC~we5WzyAHzqxSAxUys2bRnp2nKkcYB3-vEXABbF4hJc3pzeTKG5kzy3lydkjXQbcCl9xJy9BPs9GFoE8JV49ZJ4kPTDF6oE1PMgxXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676303,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676303/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676303/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676303/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508977=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SvaUfXLP7dQzR~FDQzmHp8pIXHYqqveaBNSrrkinGUe5MzXBlvZyYLX6mHJ3K6~gSfa7DwGI95dpHe8KI9ukn4iIVyDJdTLPRMZLU4tg~Qn24~~Sy1EQoiumO4pljDyqeSV7pFJCrKjGQxQnr9euDrYxCy-ND456qgud7tqiGoed4oYTeFN20omc3alVc6FN1~ZPcFD893layRU7b-6NjAGi0R5J4eO~nzCczRyq64-CRlsxtg3E3fQqfTuHr~WSbjykexinVvGkpe7LxqmGKBU1sREHIntOo2FxFdoVCd~SxyovmOlCqILNEnt~aZ6B8G8rrpX5L20D35esssqdFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":358917,"name":"Partial Least Squares Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partial_Least_Squares_Regression"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"},{"id":965508,"name":"Compositional Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Data"},{"id":1233533,"name":"Non Metallic Inclusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Metallic_Inclusions"}],"urls":[{"id":44214076,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40192-023-00300-y.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181535"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V">Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181535"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181535"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181535; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181535]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181535]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181535; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181535']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181535, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181535]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181535,"title":"Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.266-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":4135,"name":"Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels">Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>steel research international</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to caus...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181534, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181534,"title":"Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...","publisher":"Wiley","publication_name":"steel research international"},"translated_abstract":"High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.046-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":96825,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Engineering"},{"id":148226,"name":"Embrittlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embrittlement"},{"id":227283,"name":"Cracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cracking"},{"id":1239690,"name":"Toughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toughness"},{"id":1426130,"name":"Brittleness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brittleness"}],"urls":[{"id":44214075,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/srin.202200208"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181533"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange">Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate const...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181533"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181533"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181533; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181533]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181533]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181533; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181533']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181533, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181533]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181533,"title":"Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":"The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.834-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen"},{"id":168454,"name":"Cobalt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cobalt"},{"id":945101,"name":"Liquid Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Nitrogen"}],"urls":[{"id":44214074,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-021-02100-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181532"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat">Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>steel research international</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181532"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181532"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181532; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181532]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181532]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181532; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181532']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181532, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181532]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181532,"title":"Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"steel research international"},"translated_abstract":"Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.631-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":11404,"name":"Titanium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titanium"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":96825,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Engineering"},{"id":211877,"name":"Wetting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetting"}],"urls":[{"id":44214073,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/srin.202270031"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181531"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details">Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181531"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181531]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181531']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181531, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181531]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181531,"title":"Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Minerals, Metals \u0026 Materials Series"},"translated_abstract":"Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.363-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management"},{"id":167058,"name":"Blast Furnace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blast_Furnace"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas"},{"id":460484,"name":"Scrap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scrap"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"}],"urls":[{"id":44214072,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_49"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181530"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents">Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AISTech2019 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181530]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181530']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181530, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181530]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181530,"title":"Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"AIST","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"AISTech2019 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.231-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":11406,"name":"Silicon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicon"},{"id":29057,"name":"Manganese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese"},{"id":369525,"name":"Aluminium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aluminium"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181529"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness">Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AISTech 2021 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181529"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181529"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181529; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181529]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181529]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181529; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181529']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181529, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181529]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181529,"title":"Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"AIST","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"AISTech 2021 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.093-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":1485238,"name":"Flue Gas Desulfurization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flue_Gas_Desulfurization"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181528"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag">Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181528"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181528]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181528']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181528, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181528]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181528,"title":"Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":"Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.871-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":386271,"name":"Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxide"},{"id":403641,"name":"Spinel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinel"},{"id":1233533,"name":"Non Metallic Inclusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Metallic_Inclusions"},{"id":1235582,"name":"Sulfide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfide"}],"urls":[{"id":44214071,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-021-02084-y.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181527"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat">Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4be7974e7357a8512b8ca1a8accb5549" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676341,"asset_id":123181527,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181527"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181527]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181527']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181527, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4be7974e7357a8512b8ca1a8accb5549" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181527]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181527,"title":"Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.641-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676341/s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Wck7kVD5ire-o5yXs0SdQguGOF9YcT7TiyiTs0~GzyGt4FQVvFsKSyFAlGj7Kdhp2A~aE~0hQajfmD5rrFTU6kvu2TxBHiOq7EXxCgM03IuVZCrFCb8vcSL6an2bC3lyoTOyBkbaHjamWxcUIDMQcP2WyJPf7VzhzOYHBhvxdFODnTUClmgdWAhVUZjAM0fbpEYwaQArDUlZ97eAHg7M7BMomzyo6mNQjoVz2j~djHkpR~wSpN1feIkQ~0wiexRXdl6MaVkvP8R3l0qagZBErbrRELA7lU~gPI6zfESKGkxwrUOWgEIlIDKpC7Rih1JNIepfFcaIWg0pPCiTjndX4g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676341/s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Wck7kVD5ire-o5yXs0SdQguGOF9YcT7TiyiTs0~GzyGt4FQVvFsKSyFAlGj7Kdhp2A~aE~0hQajfmD5rrFTU6kvu2TxBHiOq7EXxCgM03IuVZCrFCb8vcSL6an2bC3lyoTOyBkbaHjamWxcUIDMQcP2WyJPf7VzhzOYHBhvxdFODnTUClmgdWAhVUZjAM0fbpEYwaQArDUlZ97eAHg7M7BMomzyo6mNQjoVz2j~djHkpR~wSpN1feIkQ~0wiexRXdl6MaVkvP8R3l0qagZBErbrRELA7lU~gPI6zfESKGkxwrUOWgEIlIDKpC7Rih1JNIepfFcaIWg0pPCiTjndX4g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis"},{"id":352783,"name":"Glassy Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glassy_Carbon"},{"id":863497,"name":"Carbon Fibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Fibers"}],"urls":[{"id":44214070,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-020-02003-7.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181526"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel">Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eba1d94b642b4b25fa2b3131a8c17ef4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676342,"asset_id":123181526,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181526"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181526]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181526']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181526, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eba1d94b642b4b25fa2b3131a8c17ef4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181526]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181526,"title":"Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.388-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676342/s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz-libre.pdf?1724508960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStructure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Xc3hNqa1Xu~X1Q7i85bxSkYjIqy-PUAO2CDWjMkIka5kmCmznmyEhhmnAeeTHlNCG3kjqGWW9ZnIluxXSOQf00YFctzl7m6CjJlXbKWClYwky2joFuS8A4QSE3k-anxPvTOk0xtMFyfDEQsH2fRcDFQAVRYWb4ci31AnYeqen8ihbyIY7nJIDQ--sH4WEUSXMjqmsvQSIEPKIVQwBVQvCodWeo9lYNyyB24XjE78AykOPdrdxv1EEzscslVThfoNoQD~f1DabGdmYGIOMNKTg8H74ygd-LE9v0ryEAWvUwtAF046nodRnif4x-w12QsYSMLUWNr0~HKVNIhgjQTzYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676342/s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz-libre.pdf?1724508960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStructure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Xc3hNqa1Xu~X1Q7i85bxSkYjIqy-PUAO2CDWjMkIka5kmCmznmyEhhmnAeeTHlNCG3kjqGWW9ZnIluxXSOQf00YFctzl7m6CjJlXbKWClYwky2joFuS8A4QSE3k-anxPvTOk0xtMFyfDEQsH2fRcDFQAVRYWb4ci31AnYeqen8ihbyIY7nJIDQ--sH4WEUSXMjqmsvQSIEPKIVQwBVQvCodWeo9lYNyyB24XjE78AykOPdrdxv1EEzscslVThfoNoQD~f1DabGdmYGIOMNKTg8H74ygd-LE9v0ryEAWvUwtAF046nodRnif4x-w12QsYSMLUWNr0~HKVNIhgjQTzYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":12597,"name":"Crystallization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystallization"},{"id":33296,"name":"Surface Roughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Roughness"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper"},{"id":247059,"name":"Mold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mold"}],"urls":[{"id":44214069,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-017-0965-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181525"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes">Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181525"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181525]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181525']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181525, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181525]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181525,"title":"Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.","publisher":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts"},"translated_abstract":"This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.204-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":369525,"name":"Aluminium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aluminium"},{"id":772972,"name":"Chemical Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Composition"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"},{"id":3647879,"name":"Springer Ebooks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Springer_Ebooks"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181524"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel">Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Welding in the World</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27436599e2edc324cc18ecd76d7d0586" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676343,"asset_id":123181524,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181524"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181524"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181524; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181524]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181524; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181524']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181524, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "27436599e2edc324cc18ecd76d7d0586" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181524]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181524,"title":"Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Welding in the World"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:52.956-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676343/BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DShielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IvAYl9pzyaA2JdfVd82g6kjKuktZouc4O72UoHamH-uxRSidxaaYXiASr4HTJZPdwzHEE6gN-25AMDg1zmxygGxibaDIKw8C1Cf3eIMHHo9AeiNEnqkzOqAC4T4EVIFw5iWeMcxSLSxSWUuZwT5X4aZ5KqcxVOOeGu-o2fXfY5-5JwYXkyCZTI6WbkhGtTOJ8yLwJDShQLYufO2AauqIvExVFbRm0jePXc~6UVKEVa2ynceS2vWNrZegz13HN8zatt2xla7pA83HhVOSrVjJMcN3HVYRbWZdBXJaU5oYppZa7H~qzH6EeQ-EfcfzQly5elhSPKp8hlX2SNEpuFXTPg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676343/BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DShielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IvAYl9pzyaA2JdfVd82g6kjKuktZouc4O72UoHamH-uxRSidxaaYXiASr4HTJZPdwzHEE6gN-25AMDg1zmxygGxibaDIKw8C1Cf3eIMHHo9AeiNEnqkzOqAC4T4EVIFw5iWeMcxSLSxSWUuZwT5X4aZ5KqcxVOOeGu-o2fXfY5-5JwYXkyCZTI6WbkhGtTOJ8yLwJDShQLYufO2AauqIvExVFbRm0jePXc~6UVKEVa2ynceS2vWNrZegz13HN8zatt2xla7pA83HhVOSrVjJMcN3HVYRbWZdBXJaU5oYppZa7H~qzH6EeQ-EfcfzQly5elhSPKp8hlX2SNEpuFXTPg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":94065,"name":"Arc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arc"},{"id":116854,"name":"Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welding"},{"id":118094,"name":"Stainless","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stainless"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen"},{"id":393502,"name":"Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shielding"},{"id":660750,"name":"Means","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Means"},{"id":991210,"name":"Curbing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curbing"},{"id":1332105,"name":"Autogenous Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autogenous_Healing"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies"},{"id":1900032,"name":"Arc Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arc_Welding"},{"id":1959889,"name":"Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas"},{"id":2263926,"name":"Inert Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inert_Gas"},{"id":2644957,"name":"Gas Metal Arc Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Metal_Arc_Welding"},{"id":3018410,"name":"Additions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additions"},{"id":4096375,"name":"Degassing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degassing"}],"urls":[{"id":44214068,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03266690.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181523"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production">Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181523"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181523]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181523']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181523, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181523]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181523,"title":"Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:52.672-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer"},{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"},{"id":152175,"name":"Vanadium oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium_oxide"},{"id":243308,"name":"Electric arc furnace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_arc_furnace"},{"id":268057,"name":"Vanadium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium"}],"urls":[{"id":44214067,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-000-0084-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5306541" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181542"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte">Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa915667675b776d87f130469e23644c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676314,"asset_id":123181542,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181542"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181542"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181542; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181542]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181542; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181542']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181542, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa915667675b776d87f130469e23644c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181542]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181542,"title":"Oxygen activity measurements in simulated converter matte","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":15,"month":5,"year":2007,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181542/Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:57.320-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676314,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tshilombo_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676314/Tshilombo_2007-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=C16vaqUQObGMXZp5mT1Th6x9Qo1~qfIPV0O8fGzbzpVuw0Asm0ng4ipBi4nEAeX4CnejUepM9GSS9cIyS3hJyIS-VHOZ~g~OTZa7AMjiqDHe9-K5K7~RsCzsxcauLtCcVvr~4q0pWRCMXZQX2DKvj2Htl9SZptwCuhD4l7J4sFooydvcP~0g7wSW9ai4SHM4vBh4QC22LL9GRmWtLNn3uVWzz9m7xAfqUdMp97FPBo50yZVc9FQV7GzLwgJWh~SGO0uPhGb9LOuYj~flduIm7W7bfRSsOZx-aD-EXStEDAOt0UaBZ3cJ~8UhpWydmjuz~5JeNfZwBMXu1DO0YFhFzw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulated_converter_matte","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676314,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676314/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tshilombo_2007.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676314/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676314/Tshilombo_2007-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOxygen_activity_measurements_in_simulate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=C16vaqUQObGMXZp5mT1Th6x9Qo1~qfIPV0O8fGzbzpVuw0Asm0ng4ipBi4nEAeX4CnejUepM9GSS9cIyS3hJyIS-VHOZ~g~OTZa7AMjiqDHe9-K5K7~RsCzsxcauLtCcVvr~4q0pWRCMXZQX2DKvj2Htl9SZptwCuhD4l7J4sFooydvcP~0g7wSW9ai4SHM4vBh4QC22LL9GRmWtLNn3uVWzz9m7xAfqUdMp97FPBo50yZVc9FQV7GzLwgJWh~SGO0uPhGb9LOuYj~flduIm7W7bfRSsOZx-aD-EXStEDAOt0UaBZ3cJ~8UhpWydmjuz~5JeNfZwBMXu1DO0YFhFzw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":133265,"name":"Dissertation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissertation"},{"id":156579,"name":"Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Oxide"},{"id":322549,"name":"Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen"},{"id":418531,"name":"Magnetite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetite"},{"id":783147,"name":"University of Pretoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_of_Pretoria"},{"id":1276642,"name":"Electrolyte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolyte"},{"id":2292122,"name":"Slag","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slag"}],"urls":[{"id":44214082,"url":"https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/4005/1/Tshilombo_2007.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181541"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling">Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</span><span>, Mar 1, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c363c8483e4ae719b969254606980245" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676312,"asset_id":123181541,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181541"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181541]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181541']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181541, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c363c8483e4ae719b969254606980245" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181541]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181541,"title":"Can we decrease the ecological footprint of base metal production by recycling","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Academy of Science of South Africa","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181541/Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:57.130-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676312,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676312/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gO3dNC35V0LqNP8fqzD9wyqKRWPSpNT~Nl-w9PguuRRuPH41Z0ryR-J6lRAK8Y9MBeMScT~z7oBFaOhKUhia0aTHQ0DosH1z8yPI85uKL7UvZlcQ0SdfY2RKpSAPx8w3L3PJZ~fhtFI2xYOV-Hyb4IL~pNrT3LteOSdkbiUgpTDIestKgDaHNn14I-AbJIA03uxtTEqc~zLx6qLda~1LLL0ekV9EoERgyRD0Y71R~96M8tlQYe~VGNQbvRJZuHpqHvS1WvotX7dVoNFuaZ0ZCXOU~FsGBXT5B~~XsEUw7aK6fB4YzfeL9BEzsC8OYleOrD5Usxznp-Oa1aEuG-GNxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint_of_base_metal_production_by_recycling","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676312,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676312/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676312/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676312/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gO3dNC35V0LqNP8fqzD9wyqKRWPSpNT~Nl-w9PguuRRuPH41Z0ryR-J6lRAK8Y9MBeMScT~z7oBFaOhKUhia0aTHQ0DosH1z8yPI85uKL7UvZlcQ0SdfY2RKpSAPx8w3L3PJZ~fhtFI2xYOV-Hyb4IL~pNrT3LteOSdkbiUgpTDIestKgDaHNn14I-AbJIA03uxtTEqc~zLx6qLda~1LLL0ekV9EoERgyRD0Y71R~96M8tlQYe~VGNQbvRJZuHpqHvS1WvotX7dVoNFuaZ0ZCXOU~FsGBXT5B~~XsEUw7aK6fB4YzfeL9BEzsC8OYleOrD5Usxznp-Oa1aEuG-GNxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676310,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676310/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"05.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676310/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676310/05-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_we_decrease_the_ecological_footprint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=gt03hY5fnRb36tYhHHQov7K-~El58BvnCnx52QhEUm-BSdoZxASMMBLpiI24FsXfgIj3Y-6QoXmgG-~SIrolIldjjawmF2Yco1xxAdG7lNxJZ93aWJdCd4vhFhFMIMf~O1TgHw8W7ZFTYJLKxkjCo4-ETBZzDpekSlzzqSivfgZ1NWS29Zb~kp2vd16dwI67j0U4jGiANGWWbkEWOEEO7JWX0FycN5lkKgASq4hngNazn7t4jlz5N4~AQBcWwaKRy19SKOLWTk~GuMwb5qdZkPi3U3uRrwM2P3si09cV~4pK781yEo9YiPW6u34cIxaxVKAVEG1CjwtJn2-bDLi8Dw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"},{"id":121283,"name":"Ecological Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Footprint"},{"id":449987,"name":"Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Footprint"},{"id":614045,"name":"Base Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Metal"}],"urls":[{"id":44214081,"url":"http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/jsaimm/v108n3/05.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181540"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model">The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metals</span><span>, May 10, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6bc90448ca98ef4cd16b98a4c388ba8f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676311,"asset_id":123181540,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181540"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181540; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181540]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181540; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181540']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181540, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6bc90448ca98ef4cd16b98a4c388ba8f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181540]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181540,"title":"The Scrap Collection per Industry Sector and the Circulation Times of Steel in the U.S. between 1900 and 2016, Calculated Based on the Volume Correlation Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","publication_date":{"day":10,"month":5,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metals"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181540/The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:56.875-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676311,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676311/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508978=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=fxEMGPVbpSZNbxftXJ1PmyMegQDLVAtaCiiSjtRwL7VoGMXDAQ7yNaJ1BN-gRYafCu0PAmOp6dAqIdZis2eavVriQEjXOEgbfglwIMNp7XMMWyLmsHx4mgcYhLV~ipKiNvQNRkIt6AjutMgt7gRikWL3EwdmSHlu1ogN8~kfiWJ~bIDpTsPCVlsQNH68y1g8QF3ApixdZ2Phg785Mor8PhLJS9-k-mQyh~8QT0fWVIPp1pSaUB4MPeCguwCWzFtXBPYwZd938m-OBf93FkU0diPiMKueIn0LW79Jj8E1ILG-MHnxewRCQdlQX-IWG1YBuQFztffl0r-lnN9b-~AyIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector_and_the_Circulation_Times_of_Steel_in_the_U_S_between_1900_and_2016_Calculated_Based_on_the_Volume_Correlation_Model","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676311,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676311/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676311/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676311/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508978=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=fxEMGPVbpSZNbxftXJ1PmyMegQDLVAtaCiiSjtRwL7VoGMXDAQ7yNaJ1BN-gRYafCu0PAmOp6dAqIdZis2eavVriQEjXOEgbfglwIMNp7XMMWyLmsHx4mgcYhLV~ipKiNvQNRkIt6AjutMgt7gRikWL3EwdmSHlu1ogN8~kfiWJ~bIDpTsPCVlsQNH68y1g8QF3ApixdZ2Phg785Mor8PhLJS9-k-mQyh~8QT0fWVIPp1pSaUB4MPeCguwCWzFtXBPYwZd938m-OBf93FkU0diPiMKueIn0LW79Jj8E1ILG-MHnxewRCQdlQX-IWG1YBuQFztffl0r-lnN9b-~AyIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676313,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676313/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676313/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676313/pdf-libre.pdf?1724508982=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Scrap_Collection_per_Industry_Sector.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=HjbzMdA74zAwGXveiVO3Wy9xDpBEakvhP1WKiWN1dgvAJwtsSLLJ-SLvhDX45Ap-invXxl7eZ~e-V94is5yfFZP4-kV~JJRcmrDFJJj6N7hdJUgsnvDDgv4CfZ7WO5pQwNAhGrBOt6R30~qdxaRR5n~MX8JXacU4zHAKWIdDsZEpoUHGnfQ-88-q2nFA9fSmL0jTdMzt1EdtErzu2MuJaZFHM0ih~dkTmo9V6yqVNIfJ4b1TXxtnr2lneu4PpyQtmfVTX3xYW4GFN16smpsAXTB2i6z-iLB~KvubGMdB~O8Zsu1E~N~RTd7~zoqaOoXLpoiY0bX2MKBjaochLnv2vg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":18873,"name":"Automotive Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automotive_Industry"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals"},{"id":460484,"name":"Scrap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scrap"}],"urls":[{"id":44214080,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/5/338/pdf?version=1525947507"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181539"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables">Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ironmaking & Steelmaking</span><span>, Oct 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7d1e76baa5404f8c76b165a0ef3a90fa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676316,"asset_id":123181539,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181539"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181539"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181539; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181539]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181539]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181539; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181539']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181539, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7d1e76baa5404f8c76b165a0ef3a90fa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181539]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181539,"title":"Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":10,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ironmaking \u0026 Steelmaking"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181539/Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:56.007-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676316,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676316/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508957=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=QqCAd0W6woAlzV20Rq5ZkVkzTXOnmQEuU4KKmrksYDm3SHOl1nqRneDtxC2qSl54OR7~xUNwKchBKGLkVuOb3AbSuykLD9reoFJr5b8gSoakjthbTuEctkl8fuRM~JLD~MxH-yOOLuIHdmQs0B9scMdfqAYh5eY~IlgtKup7gqY9e21l9SujbkUo4K7U7Pyk74zGcPg09Gg3PpvlTp1gX-b7t0QkYRJvj7LNpGaxWTHWNyBn56w~RmGrGnLPuPnMr7dEdQCnL-GU8h33qZdslD0Q7HvtJPwOQ1TfkoBKzOiMt6x1WCBZTfvz0uRFVRB~MHIakEVLbkkIjvar7H4mNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Highveld_Steel_and_Vanadium_Ltd_development_of_operator_guidance_tables","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676316,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676316/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676316/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676316/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508957=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=QqCAd0W6woAlzV20Rq5ZkVkzTXOnmQEuU4KKmrksYDm3SHOl1nqRneDtxC2qSl54OR7~xUNwKchBKGLkVuOb3AbSuykLD9reoFJr5b8gSoakjthbTuEctkl8fuRM~JLD~MxH-yOOLuIHdmQs0B9scMdfqAYh5eY~IlgtKup7gqY9e21l9SujbkUo4K7U7Pyk74zGcPg09Gg3PpvlTp1gX-b7t0QkYRJvj7LNpGaxWTHWNyBn56w~RmGrGnLPuPnMr7dEdQCnL-GU8h33qZdslD0Q7HvtJPwOQ1TfkoBKzOiMt6x1WCBZTfvz0uRFVRB~MHIakEVLbkkIjvar7H4mNQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676315,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676315/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steinberg_Control2009.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676315/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676315/Steinberg_Control2009-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_open_slag_bath_furnaces_at_Hi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382942\u0026Signature=dll-PXP10M8DuIxby3kGSmUQWGanBfOpwYB220~OebHMIEVBPQqac09Rq2OteU~8gr3UsjcLMrGLXXcWlML5cz5svwLuxHJgAOZBxuurqK1M1toVkrnHothzqHoh5zhx8rPFbPBBoTNdUIjanz7eaM5WlIf-4QgDxBZ4YJnjZxzekPFNtb802462euCxrVxT9E5G-M5-3bFFxGKR3Ayi87z2skY4FcFyfsEU3oB98XF7xXsH5xjGWNzHBDjD5nBJG8e6yZkTS8bRn4EOV2z-6AdjDzaxOOJhOEThInYw2IDxoMEQCfG52qXraxC0VYFgsq~CPRSq-yW8yQUMx2iISw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":218092,"name":"Ironmaking and Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironmaking_and_Steelmaking"},{"id":268057,"name":"Vanadium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium"}],"urls":[{"id":44214079,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/13441/1/Steinberg_Control(2009).pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181538"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace">Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7554e36eeb14b4b556f81d67c242a5ec" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676307,"asset_id":123181538,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181538"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181538"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181538; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181538]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181538; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181538']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181538, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7554e36eeb14b4b556f81d67c242a5ec" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181538]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181538,"title":"Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Academy of Science of South Africa","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181538/Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.817-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676307/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=cvquW9DJVctV~dj5lQiai7UgYZX~f32l232m0oC6VmkUJkA~eSxybyJjM9~k7tABQ778592s2tBV3Q3VL5Jq30KTlcNLYchJfRh-zinulw6DcVn2X54Nb5cUYN~i9b~XNWaRV~-tGzRF5qp6Hj8LfIf29ukWFjgVyO8qxJR6I9mSwFHWbF9~IyKRnFC-ym7uCTNcpWW8KOB97OPVGGOE9hR2B7EwTY8ECyYNo38-LVMnv7hAPZNSZKC4VgoV1uhxlY-9u5OJpgNsOtHPV6ZpJJZpbq2JK7I84zfDoVNzwZeI8l~o9tBtnzE5l-fIGl~c881xBfdOVY0-RmloIYHPpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on_a_SiMn_production_furnace","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676307/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676307/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508961=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=cvquW9DJVctV~dj5lQiai7UgYZX~f32l232m0oC6VmkUJkA~eSxybyJjM9~k7tABQ778592s2tBV3Q3VL5Jq30KTlcNLYchJfRh-zinulw6DcVn2X54Nb5cUYN~i9b~XNWaRV~-tGzRF5qp6Hj8LfIf29ukWFjgVyO8qxJR6I9mSwFHWbF9~IyKRnFC-ym7uCTNcpWW8KOB97OPVGGOE9hR2B7EwTY8ECyYNo38-LVMnv7hAPZNSZKC4VgoV1uhxlY-9u5OJpgNsOtHPV6ZpJJZpbq2JK7I84zfDoVNzwZeI8l~o9tBtnzE5l-fIGl~c881xBfdOVY0-RmloIYHPpA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676308,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676308/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676308/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676308/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015-libre.pdf?1724508965=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChemical_wear_analysis_of_a_tap_hole_on.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IwBv3qYxFOfW1rwY5T7hJWyfOHZUmFa~hk5iFff6ZkSvH4RMkYx22RmIYJQJPLm4P0yz59wbhEmzmatRy6RrR3OEU4w0nL1SB8DC9d7tJke8JKfyKxUxG1pJpWzSgsj0nOmQQYjVo4lbyJW~vjktqNx2LFjkGkaaTKJqAw9L7~0im8AvZKzNLyFBKYP7wJKypIMqU7J82lG3c4lWryRABvCiEY6D-c6fhCF22Ryk0-vWN~1Zc-1A36W6K-YX7DV~mmQMkDt8CTFJWpjIHMGcLg8kZbS1hZnXIBk2TcZ4BJblEFcOQ~baewwkWXVNMvQGJq9GkwAhkpt-GOYJzf4uow__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"}],"urls":[{"id":44214078,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/52115/1/Steenkamp_Chemical_2015.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181537"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process">Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fuel Processing Technology</span><span>, Aug 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="facc18a3a1165cba67bac10e2dd87393" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676305,"asset_id":123181537,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181537"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181537]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181537']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181537, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "facc18a3a1165cba67bac10e2dd87393" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181537]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181537,"title":"Behaviour of coal mineral matter in sintering and slagging of ash during the gasification process","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":8,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Fuel Processing Technology"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181537/Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.620-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676305,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676305/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SnI4JSJO3ncxzL~tcJ6JcE6M64AywyPBGZquIYmrvwba6yiTErHL3Q6r6WdPYIsKI~aqQa9~v4wzUqmzj-GQ9Z-28fNr-wa7hzsX6f0bOZyc9VQvotLUNUbzm~uY4YavqinHk5HAk8wUQ7KfwYbn0aZTNJXO-8lJ7KdnyVj4ge41W65EqavQOwS5zHQtNykvYN4HhO2dVjBDnK4GIGXNM0fTn46g0Y5Tffy3n2i5h~r2p8I~MgYYwolc6hkAVjrXYvbDRvd5qfEosIUEbsOJcYIN7Xy7nfCm~V8Hy9a2wBUvRBiFDH2tlLLbxKyG8FfO2~VoQYekIBcA7W1-IUrWiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sintering_and_slagging_of_ash_during_the_gasification_process","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676305,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676305/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676305/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676305/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SnI4JSJO3ncxzL~tcJ6JcE6M64AywyPBGZquIYmrvwba6yiTErHL3Q6r6WdPYIsKI~aqQa9~v4wzUqmzj-GQ9Z-28fNr-wa7hzsX6f0bOZyc9VQvotLUNUbzm~uY4YavqinHk5HAk8wUQ7KfwYbn0aZTNJXO-8lJ7KdnyVj4ge41W65EqavQOwS5zHQtNykvYN4HhO2dVjBDnK4GIGXNM0fTn46g0Y5Tffy3n2i5h~r2p8I~MgYYwolc6hkAVjrXYvbDRvd5qfEosIUEbsOJcYIN7Xy7nfCm~V8Hy9a2wBUvRBiFDH2tlLLbxKyG8FfO2~VoQYekIBcA7W1-IUrWiA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676306,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676306/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Matjie_Behaviour2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676306/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Behaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676306/Matjie_Behaviour2011-libre.pdf?1724508963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBehaviour_of_coal_mineral_matter_in_sint.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=c9H3jcg0lZmqasmX6wrewvx5oEyehylR0-j5DoQhAEwGejV~Qm2JIjGsV-7slgp6FWGgRRBM3~Mjuf~6we56HbFzQ7NOXYZ8wPteCM9d7JxF57cDzK8O599Ms0~RhtO6Su-jjEkNoXyuFa4L2ZgWa8RIh9rlYAr0-joR01CpmnonEq5xuOyBY4LwmrUcpbXCOgWp8BpPyYIr0Le0DDtRszC0uM3mIvqcmqdjwLYk-iB5Tu-4dEX~B6jNv9XAkFnlbT-cL5hSpdkRTqt4EcZjiex-kZbCaR7RHYB9Pb83E4G4CWMSIR2Ua7dE8BoQBBu9wDD0BhoGRrYGuIetGfE~QQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":414,"name":"Mineralogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineralogy"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":2158,"name":"Sintering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sintering"},{"id":10743,"name":"Coal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal"},{"id":103741,"name":"Dolomite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolomite"},{"id":156579,"name":"Iron Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Oxide"},{"id":156636,"name":"Pyrite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrite"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron"},{"id":205543,"name":"Calcite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcite"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African"},{"id":461895,"name":"Mineral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mineral"},{"id":536857,"name":"Coal Gasification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coal_Gasification"},{"id":970387,"name":"Organic Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Matter"},{"id":1226214,"name":"Maceral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maceral"},{"id":1395173,"name":"Kaolinite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaolinite"},{"id":2203512,"name":"Electron Microscope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscope"},{"id":2530121,"name":"Illite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illite"}],"urls":[{"id":44214077,"url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/2263/16427/1/Matjie_Behaviour(2011).pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181536"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data">Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07daa8896f50bd383ccf5bfd5e1a63d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676304,"asset_id":123181536,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181536"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181536"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181536; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181536]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181536; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181536']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181536, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07daa8896f50bd383ccf5bfd5e1a63d6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181536]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181536,"title":"Calcium-Treated Steel Cleanliness Prediction Using High-Dimensional Steelmaking Process Data","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation"},"translated_abstract":"Control of calcium treatment in steel is challenging due to the reactivity of Ca and difficulty of measuring total oxygen of steel in-process to make actionable decisions. In this work, a method combining statistics and process engineering are developed using partial least squares regression (PLS) to predict non-metallic inclusion content (oxides and CaS) and composition at the end of ladle treatment and in the tundish using extensive process data and SEM/EDS-based non-metallic inclusion analysis. Total oxygen at the end of the ladle treatment can be predicted to an accuracy of 7 ppm, and the Mg/(Mg+Al) ratio in inclusions to an accuracy of 3at% providing enough data to recommend Ca addition based on a thermodynamic calculation for the Ca liquid window. Alternatively, the model can predict total inclusion fraction to 20 ppm accuracy, and accurately predict average CaS content and Ca/Al ratio of inclusions in the tundish. Model interpretability is hindered by high dimensionality and ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181536/Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.403-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676304/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508976=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=KHPzPuNpHUZiMvGHX0JbVtCMZ0O~V9QiLMtQ0nV6kDYLUUCn9aZj5h-Ct69cMNcDV7m5KP4inB43PoiVHNMu-km6OlwJtHtsBnZWWBy6Oo62dgKkMkwa4JeibPMVSvJZvhYbpHrxvyETUIFXu56xG1lpRJSeEdq7mi4R~jWpLcp5JuMRTputgHGlD05HSOc34bwfnvASsbbKsjE-OnhEvsXaUnXdn7-bM7QI79p8OQGkLaYC~we5WzyAHzqxSAxUys2bRnp2nKkcYB3-vEXABbF4hJc3pzeTKG5kzy3lydkjXQbcCl9xJy9BPs9GFoE8JV49ZJ4kPTDF6oE1PMgxXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Prediction_Using_High_Dimensional_Steelmaking_Process_Data","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676304/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676304/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508976=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=KHPzPuNpHUZiMvGHX0JbVtCMZ0O~V9QiLMtQ0nV6kDYLUUCn9aZj5h-Ct69cMNcDV7m5KP4inB43PoiVHNMu-km6OlwJtHtsBnZWWBy6Oo62dgKkMkwa4JeibPMVSvJZvhYbpHrxvyETUIFXu56xG1lpRJSeEdq7mi4R~jWpLcp5JuMRTputgHGlD05HSOc34bwfnvASsbbKsjE-OnhEvsXaUnXdn7-bM7QI79p8OQGkLaYC~we5WzyAHzqxSAxUys2bRnp2nKkcYB3-vEXABbF4hJc3pzeTKG5kzy3lydkjXQbcCl9xJy9BPs9GFoE8JV49ZJ4kPTDF6oE1PMgxXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":117676303,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676303/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s40192-023-00300-y.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676303/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Calcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676303/s40192-023-00300-y-libre.pdf?1724508977=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCalcium_Treated_Steel_Cleanliness_Predic.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=SvaUfXLP7dQzR~FDQzmHp8pIXHYqqveaBNSrrkinGUe5MzXBlvZyYLX6mHJ3K6~gSfa7DwGI95dpHe8KI9ukn4iIVyDJdTLPRMZLU4tg~Qn24~~Sy1EQoiumO4pljDyqeSV7pFJCrKjGQxQnr9euDrYxCy-ND456qgud7tqiGoed4oYTeFN20omc3alVc6FN1~ZPcFD893layRU7b-6NjAGi0R5J4eO~nzCczRyq64-CRlsxtg3E3fQqfTuHr~WSbjykexinVvGkpe7LxqmGKBU1sREHIntOo2FxFdoVCd~SxyovmOlCqILNEnt~aZ6B8G8rrpX5L20D35esssqdFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":358917,"name":"Partial Least Squares Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partial_Least_Squares_Regression"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"},{"id":965508,"name":"Compositional Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Data"},{"id":1233533,"name":"Non Metallic Inclusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Metallic_Inclusions"}],"urls":[{"id":44214076,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40192-023-00300-y.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181535"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V">Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SSRN Electronic Journal</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181535"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181535"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181535; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181535]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181535]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181535; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181535']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181535, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181535]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181535,"title":"Location-Dependent Phase Transformation Kinetics During Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181535/Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.266-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Location_Dependent_Phase_Transformation_Kinetics_During_Laser_Wire_Deposition_Additive_Manufacturing_of_Ti6Al4V","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":4135,"name":"Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser"},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181534"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels">Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>steel research international</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to caus...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181534"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181534]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181534']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181534, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181534]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181534,"title":"Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...","publisher":"Wiley","publication_name":"steel research international"},"translated_abstract":"High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alt...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181534/Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:55.046-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effects_of_Si_on_the_Ductile_to_Brittle_Transition_Behavior_of_As_Cast_Advanced_High_Strength_Steels","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":2161,"name":"Microstructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":96825,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Engineering"},{"id":148226,"name":"Embrittlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embrittlement"},{"id":227283,"name":"Cracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cracking"},{"id":1239690,"name":"Toughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toughness"},{"id":1426130,"name":"Brittleness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brittleness"}],"urls":[{"id":44214075,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/srin.202200208"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181533"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange">Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate const...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181533"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181533"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181533; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181533]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181533]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181533; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181533']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181533, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181533]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181533,"title":"Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen with Liquid Cobalt Measured by Nitrogen Isotope Exchange","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":"The nitrogen isotope exchange reaction was applied to measure the interfacial reaction rate constant of nitrogen with liquid cobalt at 1823 K, 1873 K, and 1923 K. Measured values increased with increasing temperature, with average values of 1.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1823 K, 3.3×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1873 K, and 6.2×10−7 mol cm−2 s−1 atm−1 at 1923 K. Compared with liquid iron, the rate on cobalt is more than an order of magnitude smaller.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181533/Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.834-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Interfacial_Reaction_Rate_Constant_of_Nitrogen_with_Liquid_Cobalt_Measured_by_Nitrogen_Isotope_Exchange","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen"},{"id":168454,"name":"Cobalt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cobalt"},{"id":945101,"name":"Liquid Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Nitrogen"}],"urls":[{"id":44214074,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-021-02100-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181532"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat">Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>steel research international</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181532"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181532"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181532; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181532]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181532]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181532; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181532']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181532, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181532]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181532,"title":"Flux‐Mediated Wetting of Alumina by Liquid Fe–Ti–C sat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"steel research international"},"translated_abstract":"Metals do not wet oxides as a general rule. Exceptions to this occur in the presence of dissolved species or chemical reactions. Fe–Csat–Ti is seen to wet alumina crucibles but not crucibles of graphite or MgO. This is determined to be macroscopically due to reactive wetting of the ternary alloy on Al2O3; microscopically, the reaction formed a nanoscale layer of TiC on Al2O3, with the hot metal wetting the TiC substrate. Molten fluxes offer a way to mitigate the wetting of the alumina crucible by preventing the reaction. The liquid‐state Al2O3–CaF2 flux wets the Al2O3 crucible, coating both the crucible walls and bottom. This is effective in preventing wetting despite alumina activity being unity in the initial components. The volatilization of fluorine results in a calcium aluminate coating on the original crucible. Using the molten flux is more effective than sintering CA particles onto the crucible bottom because the liquid flux coated the crucible walls. Though wetting is a problem in industry, this offers practical mitigation of wetting using a flux coating.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181532/Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.631-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Flux_Mediated_Wetting_of_Alumina_by_Liquid_Fe_Ti_C_sat","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":11404,"name":"Titanium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titanium"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":96825,"name":"Manufacturing Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Engineering"},{"id":211877,"name":"Wetting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetting"}],"urls":[{"id":44214073,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/srin.202270031"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181531"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details">Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced con...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181531"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181531]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181531']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181531, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181531]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181531,"title":"Relating Reported Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Iron and Steelmaking Process Details","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Minerals, Metals \u0026 Materials Series"},"translated_abstract":"Over the past few decades the carbon intensity of ironmaking and steelmaking has been reduced considerably through improved efficiency in blast furnace ironmaking, partial replacement of coke with less carbon-intensive fuels, and increased use of scrap and direct-reduced iron in steelmaking. To evaluate possible further reductions in carbon intensity accurate process information is needed. A preliminary test of the fidelity of publicly reported data as a source of process information is reported here. The sources are industry roundups of electric furnace furnace steelmaking and blast furnace ironmaking (published by the Association for Iron and Steelmaking Technology), and data recorded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the US Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. From a comparison for an integrated steelmaking plant and an electric furnace furnace plant, it appears that the values from the two data sources are consistent. The comparison does rely on process details such as the quantitative relationship between injected oxygen and carbon emissions in electric furnace steelmaking.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181531/Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.363-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Relating_Reported_Carbon_Dioxide_Emissions_to_Iron_and_Steelmaking_Process_Details","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management"},{"id":167058,"name":"Blast Furnace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blast_Furnace"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas"},{"id":460484,"name":"Scrap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scrap"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"}],"urls":[{"id":44214072,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_49"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181530"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents">Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AISTech2019 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181530]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181530']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181530, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181530]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181530,"title":"Non-Metallic Inclusion Change in the Third-Generation AHSS With High Manganese, Aluminum and Silicon Contents","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"AIST","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"AISTech2019 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181530/Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.231-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Non_Metallic_Inclusion_Change_in_the_Third_Generation_AHSS_With_High_Manganese_Aluminum_and_Silicon_Contents","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":11406,"name":"Silicon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicon"},{"id":29057,"name":"Manganese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese"},{"id":369525,"name":"Aluminium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aluminium"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181529"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness">Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AISTech 2021 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181529"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181529"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181529; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181529]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181529]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181529; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181529']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181529, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181529]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181529,"title":"Data-Driven Study of Desulfurization During Ladle Treatment and Its Impact on Steel Cleanliness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"AIST","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"AISTech 2021 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181529/Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:54.093-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Data_Driven_Study_of_Desulfurization_During_Ladle_Treatment_and_Its_Impact_on_Steel_Cleanliness","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":1485238,"name":"Flue Gas Desulfurization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flue_Gas_Desulfurization"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181528"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag">Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181528"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181528]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181528']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181528, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181528]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181528,"title":"Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":"Slag doubly saturated with CaO and MgO was used to investigate slag–steel–inclusion reactions for a third-generation advanced high-strength steel with an intermediate level of alloying elements (6 pct Mn, 1.5 pct Al and 1.5 pct Si). The change in oxide inclusion composition was Al2O3 → spinel → MgO, as in Al-killed steels. No MnO or SiO2 was detected in the inclusions. (Mg, Mn)S sulfide inclusions apparently formed during solidification.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181528/Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.871-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Non_metallic_Inclusion_Evolution_in_a_Liquid_Third_Generation_Advanced_High_Strength_Steel_in_Contact_with_Double_Saturated_Slag","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":386271,"name":"Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxide"},{"id":403641,"name":"Spinel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinel"},{"id":1233533,"name":"Non Metallic Inclusions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Metallic_Inclusions"},{"id":1235582,"name":"Sulfide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfide"}],"urls":[{"id":44214071,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-021-02084-y.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181527"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat">Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4be7974e7357a8512b8ca1a8accb5549" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676341,"asset_id":123181527,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181527"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181527]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181527']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181527, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4be7974e7357a8512b8ca1a8accb5549" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181527]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181527,"title":"Catalytic graphitization of Glassy Carbon by Molten Fe-Csat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181527/Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.641-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676341/s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Wck7kVD5ire-o5yXs0SdQguGOF9YcT7TiyiTs0~GzyGt4FQVvFsKSyFAlGj7Kdhp2A~aE~0hQajfmD5rrFTU6kvu2TxBHiOq7EXxCgM03IuVZCrFCb8vcSL6an2bC3lyoTOyBkbaHjamWxcUIDMQcP2WyJPf7VzhzOYHBhvxdFODnTUClmgdWAhVUZjAM0fbpEYwaQArDUlZ97eAHg7M7BMomzyo6mNQjoVz2j~djHkpR~wSpN1feIkQ~0wiexRXdl6MaVkvP8R3l0qagZBErbrRELA7lU~gPI6zfESKGkxwrUOWgEIlIDKpC7Rih1JNIepfFcaIWg0pPCiTjndX4g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbon_by_Molten_Fe_Csat","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676341,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676341/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676341/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Catalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676341/s11663-020-02003-720240824-1-q7ff28-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCatalytic_graphitization_of_Glassy_Carbo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Wck7kVD5ire-o5yXs0SdQguGOF9YcT7TiyiTs0~GzyGt4FQVvFsKSyFAlGj7Kdhp2A~aE~0hQajfmD5rrFTU6kvu2TxBHiOq7EXxCgM03IuVZCrFCb8vcSL6an2bC3lyoTOyBkbaHjamWxcUIDMQcP2WyJPf7VzhzOYHBhvxdFODnTUClmgdWAhVUZjAM0fbpEYwaQArDUlZ97eAHg7M7BMomzyo6mNQjoVz2j~djHkpR~wSpN1feIkQ~0wiexRXdl6MaVkvP8R3l0qagZBErbrRELA7lU~gPI6zfESKGkxwrUOWgEIlIDKpC7Rih1JNIepfFcaIWg0pPCiTjndX4g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis"},{"id":352783,"name":"Glassy Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glassy_Carbon"},{"id":863497,"name":"Carbon Fibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Fibers"}],"urls":[{"id":44214070,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-020-02003-7.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181526"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel">Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eba1d94b642b4b25fa2b3131a8c17ef4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676342,"asset_id":123181526,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181526"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181526]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181526']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181526, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eba1d94b642b4b25fa2b3131a8c17ef4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181526]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181526,"title":"Structure of Solidified Films of Mold Flux for Peritectic Steel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181526/Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.388-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676342/s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz-libre.pdf?1724508960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStructure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Xc3hNqa1Xu~X1Q7i85bxSkYjIqy-PUAO2CDWjMkIka5kmCmznmyEhhmnAeeTHlNCG3kjqGWW9ZnIluxXSOQf00YFctzl7m6CjJlXbKWClYwky2joFuS8A4QSE3k-anxPvTOk0xtMFyfDEQsH2fRcDFQAVRYWb4ci31AnYeqen8ihbyIY7nJIDQ--sH4WEUSXMjqmsvQSIEPKIVQwBVQvCodWeo9lYNyyB24XjE78AykOPdrdxv1EEzscslVThfoNoQD~f1DabGdmYGIOMNKTg8H74ygd-LE9v0ryEAWvUwtAF046nodRnif4x-w12QsYSMLUWNr0~HKVNIhgjQTzYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Flux_for_Peritectic_Steel","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676342,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676342/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676342/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Structure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676342/s11663-017-0965-120240824-1-b1ilwz-libre.pdf?1724508960=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStructure_of_Solidified_Films_of_Mold_Fl.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=Xc3hNqa1Xu~X1Q7i85bxSkYjIqy-PUAO2CDWjMkIka5kmCmznmyEhhmnAeeTHlNCG3kjqGWW9ZnIluxXSOQf00YFctzl7m6CjJlXbKWClYwky2joFuS8A4QSE3k-anxPvTOk0xtMFyfDEQsH2fRcDFQAVRYWb4ci31AnYeqen8ihbyIY7nJIDQ--sH4WEUSXMjqmsvQSIEPKIVQwBVQvCodWeo9lYNyyB24XjE78AykOPdrdxv1EEzscslVThfoNoQD~f1DabGdmYGIOMNKTg8H74ygd-LE9v0ryEAWvUwtAF046nodRnif4x-w12QsYSMLUWNr0~HKVNIhgjQTzYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":12597,"name":"Crystallization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystallization"},{"id":33296,"name":"Surface Roughness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Roughness"},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper"},{"id":247059,"name":"Mold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mold"}],"urls":[{"id":44214069,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-017-0965-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181525"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes">Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181525"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181525]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181525']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181525, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181525]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181525,"title":"Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag Composition in Si-Mn Killed Steel Transient Inclusion Changes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.","publisher":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts"},"translated_abstract":"This work investigates the effect of slag composition in steel-slag and steel-inclusion reaction kinetics in silicon-manganese killed steels by using FactSage macros to simulate and predict inclusion composition and morphology changes during ladle treatment. Two different conditions of ladle treatment were simulated in regard to alumina and silica content in a basic slag. The simulated changes in inclusion chemical composition and phases, as well as total oxygen and dissolved aluminum in steel were compared. One experimental trial was made to simulate ladle steel-slag and steel-inclusion reactions using an induction furnace to simulate deoxidation and slag addition. The average steel mass transfer coefficient for the experimental setup was calculated from the analyzed aluminium pick-up by steel. Average inclusion composition was measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The chemical compositions of the inclusions and the steel agreed with the FactSage macro simulations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181525/Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:53.204-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Effect_of_Ladle_Furnace_Slag_Composition_in_Si_Mn_Killed_Steel_Transient_Inclusion_Changes","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":369525,"name":"Aluminium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aluminium"},{"id":772972,"name":"Chemical Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Composition"},{"id":805948,"name":"Steelmaking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steelmaking"},{"id":3647879,"name":"Springer Ebooks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Springer_Ebooks"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181524"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel">Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Welding in the World</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27436599e2edc324cc18ecd76d7d0586" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117676343,"asset_id":123181524,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181524"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181524"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181524; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181524]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181524; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181524']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181524, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "27436599e2edc324cc18ecd76d7d0586" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181524]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181524,"title":"Shielding Gas Oxygen Additions as a Means of Curbing Nitrogen Degassing During the Autogenous Arc Welding of Nitrogen-Alloyed Stainless Steel","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Welding in the World"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181524/Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:52.956-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117676343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676343/BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DShielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IvAYl9pzyaA2JdfVd82g6kjKuktZouc4O72UoHamH-uxRSidxaaYXiASr4HTJZPdwzHEE6gN-25AMDg1zmxygGxibaDIKw8C1Cf3eIMHHo9AeiNEnqkzOqAC4T4EVIFw5iWeMcxSLSxSWUuZwT5X4aZ5KqcxVOOeGu-o2fXfY5-5JwYXkyCZTI6WbkhGtTOJ8yLwJDShQLYufO2AauqIvExVFbRm0jePXc~6UVKEVa2ynceS2vWNrZegz13HN8zatt2xla7pA83HhVOSrVjJMcN3HVYRbWZdBXJaU5oYppZa7H~qzH6EeQ-EfcfzQly5elhSPKp8hlX2SNEpuFXTPg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Means_of_Curbing_Nitrogen_Degassing_During_the_Autogenous_Arc_Welding_of_Nitrogen_Alloyed_Stainless_Steel","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[{"id":117676343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117676343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117676343/download_file?st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3OTM0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Shielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117676343/BF0326669020240824-1-5w057r-libre.pdf?1724508956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DShielding_Gas_Oxygen_Additions_as_a_Mean.pdf\u0026Expires=1732382943\u0026Signature=IvAYl9pzyaA2JdfVd82g6kjKuktZouc4O72UoHamH-uxRSidxaaYXiASr4HTJZPdwzHEE6gN-25AMDg1zmxygGxibaDIKw8C1Cf3eIMHHo9AeiNEnqkzOqAC4T4EVIFw5iWeMcxSLSxSWUuZwT5X4aZ5KqcxVOOeGu-o2fXfY5-5JwYXkyCZTI6WbkhGtTOJ8yLwJDShQLYufO2AauqIvExVFbRm0jePXc~6UVKEVa2ynceS2vWNrZegz13HN8zatt2xla7pA83HhVOSrVjJMcN3HVYRbWZdBXJaU5oYppZa7H~qzH6EeQ-EfcfzQly5elhSPKp8hlX2SNEpuFXTPg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":85282,"name":"Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel"},{"id":94065,"name":"Arc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arc"},{"id":116854,"name":"Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welding"},{"id":118094,"name":"Stainless","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stainless"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen"},{"id":393502,"name":"Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shielding"},{"id":660750,"name":"Means","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Means"},{"id":991210,"name":"Curbing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curbing"},{"id":1332105,"name":"Autogenous Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autogenous_Healing"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies"},{"id":1900032,"name":"Arc Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arc_Welding"},{"id":1959889,"name":"Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas"},{"id":2263926,"name":"Inert Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inert_Gas"},{"id":2644957,"name":"Gas Metal Arc Welding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Metal_Arc_Welding"},{"id":3018410,"name":"Additions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additions"},{"id":4096375,"name":"Degassing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degassing"}],"urls":[{"id":44214068,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03266690.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123181523"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production">Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123181523"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123181523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123181523]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123181523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123181523']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123181523, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123181523]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123181523,"title":"Equilibrium slag losses in ferrovanadium production","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123181523/Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-24T06:39:52.672-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":49496319,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Equilibrium_slag_losses_in_ferrovanadium_production","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pistorius","page_name":"PPistorius","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-05-31T18:02:36.952-07:00","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer"},{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen"},{"id":61714,"name":"Production economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_economics"},{"id":152175,"name":"Vanadium oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium_oxide"},{"id":243308,"name":"Electric arc furnace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_arc_furnace"},{"id":268057,"name":"Vanadium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vanadium"}],"urls":[{"id":44214067,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-000-0084-1.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "0dd7b2bcb167282ab981daa68c199a3d762f5e7324bf1dc72a725b8a01e8a3fe", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="DAozwH6ma+U41b2pauoeiUBnSXEocOn/Bf6T/3Ta7H2TKW9IgKuabnZ6QDjbeqPLtmjs7S0wIxRrQgcG+qCEmw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="3uOCYohPjrG0HjvmKPKN7fenv6+njCS+8rJXPN0/aPVBwN7qdkJ/OvqxxneZYjCvAagaM6LM7lWcDsPFU0UAEw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>