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The ABC Style Guide - About the ABC
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Container_spacing-sides-variant-standard-tablet__s7ZVv Container_spacing-sides-variant-standard-desktop__12FnA"><div class="Container_containerInnerInner__OCPF7 Container_width-variant-full-width__gFRM2 Container_horizontal-alignment-variant-centre__eQP3P"><header class="SectionHeader_header__4_bXM" data-component="SectionHeader"><div class="SectionHeader_mainSectionHeader___T4aK"><h1 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B SectionHeader_heading__0H38H Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_bold__FqafP Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading"><span class="SectionHeader_linkText__x3dL3">The ABC Style Guide</span><span class="SectionHeader_leftBorder__9RNUa" aria-hidden="true"></span></h1></div><div class="SectionHeader_description__TQlO0"><div><p class="paragraph_paragraph__Z5Ozx">This guide is intended for anyone who writes or edits ABC content. Accordingly, much of its guidance is geared towards the preparation and editing of digital news; for platform-specific guidance, such as television supers, consult the intranet or your program team.</p><p class="paragraph_paragraph__Z5Ozx">This work is not a dictionary. For spelling or pronunciation queries, consult an Australian English reference work. Unless there are compelling reasons not to, we use the first listed variant in the Macquarie for spelling variants.</p><p class="paragraph_paragraph__Z5Ozx">The ABC maintains a database to assist content makers in the pronunciation of proper names and place names. This database is also publicly <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://www2b.c0.abc.net.au/abcpronunciation-external/" data-component="Link">available</a>. For broader editorial concerns, please refer to the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://www.abc.net.au/edpols/" data-component="ContentLink" data-uri="coremedia://channel/13633532">editorial policies site</a>.</p><p class="paragraph_paragraph__Z5Ozx">This style guide is a living document. Please direct all feedback to <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="mailto:language@abc.net.au." data-component="Link">language@abc.net.au</a>.</p></div></div></header><div data-component="TabsWithOverflow"><div class="TabsWithOverflow_tabListContainer__nQkWW TabsWithOverflow_hasRightOverflow__IKefk"><div class="TabsWithOverflow_overflowContainer__ISkng"><div role="tablist" class="TabsWithOverflow_tabList__cRzGX"><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-0-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-0-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>All</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-1-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-1-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>A-C</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-2-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-2-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>D-F</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-3-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-3-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>G-K</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-4-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-4-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>L-O</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-5-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-5-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>P-S</button><button role="tab" type="button" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-6-tab" aria-controls="abc-:Rmjkljm:-6-panel" aria-selected="false" class="TabsWithOverflow_tab__nHRuK Tabs_tab__ds9xj" tabindex="-1" data-component="Tab"><span class="Tabs_topBorder__NCqo_" aria-hidden="true"></span>T-Z</button></div></div></div><div tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" id="abc-:Rmjkljm:-0-panel" class="TabsWithOverflow_tabPanel__VI2yy" aria-labelledby="abc-:Rmjkljm:-0-tab"><div data-component="TeaserContent" data-uri="coremedia://teaser/103997564"><div class="TeaserContent_content__8mIvh"><div><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">A</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">4chan, 8chan</h3><p>Note the lower case for these imageboards.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">a, an</h3><p>Generally in English, <em>a </em>is used before consonant sounds and <em>an </em>is used before vowel sounds: <em>a ham, an olive, a eulogy. </em>Some words begin with the eighth letter but have an unstressed initial syllable, which in connected speech often means speakers freely shift between the two articles: <em>an historic</em>, <em>a historic</em>, etc. For these words, neither form is incorrect (though <em>an historic </em>can come across as a slight affectation).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">A-list</h3><p>Cap the initial letter: <em>A-list</em>, <em>D-grade</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">a lot</h3><p>Two words.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ABC branding, “the ABC”</h3><p>Regional and local stations take title case: <em>ABC Radio Great Southern, ABC Radio Brisbane</em>. If crediting, use don’t forget the definite article: <em>Joe Bloggs told the ABC’s AM program</em>, not <em>ABC’s AM program</em>. The national youth music service has no capitals unless starting a sentence: <em>I grew up listening to</em> <em>triple j</em>. Some sub-brands take a capital on their modifier: <em>triple j Unearthed</em>. Never lower case: <em>Double J</em>. The main television channel is <em>ABC TV</em>, not <em>ABC1</em>. The streaming video service is <em>ABC</em> <em>iview, </em>not <em>iView</em>. Be mindful of over-branding. A sentence such as <em>watch the ABC Women’s Work series every Sunday on Weekend Breakfast </em>can probably lose the acronym. More information on corporation branding can be found in <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://intranet.abc.net.au/know-the-abc/abc-brand-portal" data-component="Link">our internal brand portal</a>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">abdicate, abrogate</h3><p>Both verbs refer to renouncing or relinquishing a right or power.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Aboriginal, aboriginal</h3><p>Upper case in all references to Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people, or to First Nations people of the US or Canada. See <strong>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references</h3><p>Always upper case <em>Aboriginal</em> and <em>Indigenous</em> in reference to First Nations people or cultures. Avoid using <em>Aboriginal </em>as a noun. Avoid <em>Aborigine </em>outside of quotes<em>. </em>Where possible, describe people the way they wish to be described. This could be a specific community or language group: <em>a Yuin woman</em>, <em>a Bundjalung elder</em>. It could be also more general: <em>the Torres Strait Islander woman</em>, <em>an Aboriginal man. </em>Avoid regional descriptors <em>(</em>e.g. <em>Murri</em>, <em>Koori) </em>unless it’s a stated preference<em>. </em></p><p>In collective reference: <em>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups</em>, <em>First Nations communities, Indigenous people</em>, etc. See entry <strong>First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. </strong>Torres Strait Islanders are a distinct group and should not be described as <em>Aboriginal</em> or <em>TSIs</em>. For more information, consult the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/abc-indigenous-content/" data-component="Link"><strong>Indigenous Content guidance note.</strong></a></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading"><strong>abortion</strong></h3><p>When referring to pro- or anti-abortion campaigners or protests, avoid the terms <em>pro-life</em> and <em>pro-choice</em>. These labels are emotive. Instead of phrases like <em>pro-life supporter</em>, use <em>anti-abortion campaigner. </em>Instead of <em>pro-choice</em>, use <em>abortion rights</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">abortion clinics</h3><p>Abortion is generally not the only service provided by these clinics. In stories where the focus is not on abortion itself, consider a less emotive descriptor: <em>women’s health centres</em> or <em>reproductive health centres</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">academic departments</h3><p>Our style: <em>department of history</em>, <em>department of economics</em> (no capitals).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">accent marks, diacritical marks, non-English characters</h3><p>Use accent or other diacritical marks in names where requested, or where such marks are in wide use: <em>Barça</em>, <em>Charlotte Brontë</em>, <em>La Niña</em>. Do not use accents for long-established loanwords in English: <em>cafe</em>, <em>facade</em>. If unsure, check a dictionary.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">acres</h3><p>Use hectares. One hectare is 10,000 square metres or 2.47 acres.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">acronym, initialisms</h3><p>Limit the use of unfamiliar acronyms. If you need to use them, though, spell out in first reference and, from second reference, use the abbreviated form: <em>A report was sent to the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) on 5 June 2014. The ACMA responded in late July. </em>Some acronyms are acceptable without explanation, in headlines and elsewhere. Use your judgement. Occasionally, a descriptive sentence is preferable to spelling out: <em>football’s governing body FIFA, UN children’s agency UNICEF</em>. Purists maintain abbreviations pronounced as a word (<em>radar, NATO</em>) are <em>acronyms, </em>and abbreviations pronounced by letter (<em>DPRK, CIA</em>) are <em>initialisms</em>. Usage has long been indifferent to this distinction, and some abbreviations (<em>RAAF</em>) are both.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">actor</h3><p>Default term for male and female members of the acting professions. Retain the gendered term for awards: <em>best actress</em>, <em>best supporting actress</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">acts, bills, white papers</h3><p>None of these need capitals, unless you’re using the official name of an act. <em>Native Title Act 1993</em>, but <em>the act was passed in 1993.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">active voice, passive voice</h3><p>In grammar, voice refers to the relationship between the verb, the subject, and the object of a sentence. In active constructions, the subject of the sentence carries out the action of the verb: <em>Australia beat England at Lords. </em>In passive constructions, the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb: <em>England was beaten by Australia. </em>The passive voice is sometimes condemned on the grounds its use can mask the agent of an action or come across as bureaucratic or impersonal: <em>the sign was later</em> <em>removed, it is felt the school should take action. </em>This criticism misses the point — the passive voice has its uses, especially in news copy. Recounting events is a common one, as is emphasising the effect of an action on the subject: <em>the hospital was bombed by Islamic State militants.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">AD, BC</h3><p>Our style: <em>AD 1100, 45 BC, the first century AD, second century BC. </em>Note the space. <em>AD</em> and <em>BC</em> remain the more familiar terms and are generally preferred over <em>CE </em>and <em>BCE</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">admit, admits, admitted</h3><p>Use sparingly, as it implies a hint of guilt or acknowledgement of wrongdoing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">adopted, adoption, surrogacy, surrogate</h3><p>Mention these (or <em>donor </em>status) only when relevant. Say <em>biological mother and father </em>or <em>surrogate mother</em> or <em>birth mother. </em>Don’t say <em>real mother or father.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">AEDT, AEST</h3><p>AEDT stands for Australian Eastern Daylight Time, and is used when daylight saving is in force. AEST stands for Australian Eastern Standard Time, and is used when daylight saving is over. It is easy to get confused and think the S stands for <em>summer</em>. It doesn’t. It stands for <em>standard</em>. Avoid using <em>Australian Eastern Time. </em>For nearly six months of the year, east coast states do not share a uniform time zone.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">affect, effect</h3><p>Affect, as a verb, means to influence something or someone: <em>the man was clearly affected by alcohol</em>. Effect, as a verb, means to bring about: <em>alcohol effected a change in his behaviour</em>. Effect, as a noun, means something produced by a cause or agent: <em>alcohol can have a surprising effect</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">affidavit</h3><p>A written statement on oath, sworn to before an authorised official, often used as evidence in court proceedings. Avoid <em>sworn affidavit</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">afforestation, reforestation</h3><p>Not reafforestation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Afghan, Afghani</h3><p>The people: <em>Afghan. </em>The currency: <em>Afghani</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">AFL <strong> </strong></h3><p>Though used to describe the sport as a whole, some prefer to limit this word’s meaning to the sport’s governing body and attendant national league: <em>the AFL today announced</em>… <em>Cockatoo hasn’t played AFL football since April</em>, but not <em>the game of AFL</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">African American</h3><p>Do not hyphenate. Refers to Americans of African descent. Not always interchangeable with <em>black</em>: the latter term encompasses a range of backgrounds (e.g. African-born American citizens, Americans of mixed heritage, Caribbean diasporas). Be specific where possible, and follow a person’s preference. If specific reference to a person’s background in an American context is required but you cannot determine a preference, prefer <em>black </em>to <em>African American</em>. See more at the entry for <strong>black</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">African Australian</h3><p>Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: <em>Ghanaian Australian</em>, <em>Sudanese Australian</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Afrikaans, Afrikaners</h3><p>For the language: <em>Afrikaans</em>. For the people: <em>Afrikaners</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">after</h3><p>The preposition <em>after</em> can be ambiguous. Take the following sentence: <em>A teenager was killed after a boating accident. </em>Was the boating accident the cause of death? Or a subsequent drowning? Often better to use <em>when </em>or <em>by. </em>See also <strong>active voice, passive voice.</strong></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">age, ages</h3><p>In Australia, anyone 18 or older is regarded as an adult by law. A person 18 or older should be called a <em>man</em> or <em>woman</em>. When describing people younger than 18: <em>boy, girl, teenager, children. </em>In generic reference to older Australians: <em>older people, older Australians</em>. Be aware that generic descriptors relating to age can cause offence or be perceived as containing bias: <em>the geriatric man, the young senator</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">aged care facility</h3><p>Though this term is in standard usage, there’s nothing wrong with using <em>aged care home</em>. These compounds are generally not hyphenated.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">agender</h3><p>People who choose not to be defined by their gender. Many who identify this way prefer to use gender-neutral pronouns.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">agreement of person</h3><p>Subjects and verbs should agree in person and number. It’s not unusual to see some copy start in the third person only to switch to the first person: <em>Many Australians plant native trees in our gardens. </em>This is incorrect, and should be: <em>Many Australians plant native trees in their gardens.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">aid, aide</h3><p><em>Study aid</em>, <em>aid and abet</em>, a <em>hearing aid, </em>but an assistant is an <em>aide. </em>The latter survives in terms borrowed from French: <em>aide-de-camp</em>, <em>aide-memoire</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">AIDS</h3><p>No need to spell out as it has become common usage. People who carry the virus which can cause AIDS are <em>HIV-positive</em> but do not necessarily <em>have AIDS</em>. They can be described as <em>having the AIDS virus</em>. People do not <em>die of AIDS</em>, but <em>from AIDS-related illnesses</em>. Avoid: <em>HIV virus, AIDS victims</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">aircraft, aircraft carrier, airline, airport</h3><p>But <em>aerodrome</em>, <em>aeroplane</em>, <em>aeronautics</em>, <em>air strikes</em>. Aircraft can normally be referred to as <em>planes</em>, and certainly not in the official jargon of <em>fixed-wing aircraft</em>. <em>Plane</em> is short for <em>aeroplane</em>. Don’t say <em>airplane. </em>When an aircraft is forced to land we say that it (or the pilot) made an <em>emergency landing</em>. When an aircraft crashes do not try to soften the impact by saying it <em>crash-landed</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Air Force One</h3><p>Note the capitals.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">aka, a.k.a., AKA</h3><p>All are in use, though our preference is <em>aka</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">al-, el-, Arabic definite article</h3><p>The article in Arabic personal and place names can be romanised a variety of ways: where possible, check with your source. In situations where you cannot, a good option is generally to hyphenate and lower case: <em>Bashar al-Assad</em>, <em>Nouri al-Maliki</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Al Qaeda</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">alibi</h3><p>Often used colloquially to refer to any kind of general excuse or explanation. Avoid this colloquialism in formal news contexts.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">all right, alright</h3><p>Both are acceptable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">all together, altogether</h3><p>Not interchangeable. The latter, an adverb, means wholly or entirely: <em>the laws should be scrapped altogether</em>. The former refers to parts achieving unison: to <em>it was a relief to see him put it all together on race day</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">allude to</h3><p>Means to refer to indirectly. Not to be confused with <em>elude, </em>which means to escape or avoid.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">alt-right</h3><p>Avoid this term outside of direct quotes. For stories where its use is integral, clarify what is meant with a definition or examples.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">alternate, alternative</h3><p>In adjectival senses, broadly interchangeable: <em>an alternate solution</em>, <em>alternate source of revenue</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Alzheimer’s disease</h3><p>Note the apostrophe and initial capital (named after Alois Alzheimer).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ambition</h3><p>You <em>realise</em> or <em>fulfil</em> a dream or an ambition; you <em>reach</em> or <em>achieve</em> a goal — you can’t <em>achieve</em> an ambition, even if you climb every mountain.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">American</h3><p>Inhabitants of both North and South America can theoretically be referred to as <em>Americans</em>, although the term is most often used in reference to citizens of the United States. Canadians should be referred to as <em>Canadians</em>. If you are referring just to the United States of America make sure, specify that in first reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">American Indians, Native Americans</h3><p>Both terms are in use to describe Americans of Indigenous background. Prefer <em>Native Americans</em> for generic or collective reference; where possible, be specific for individuals.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">American spellings</h3><p>Use American spellings for organisation or place names that contain them: <em>World Health Organization</em>, <em>World Trade Center</em>, <em>Pearl Harbor</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">among, between</h3><p>Usage depends on the number of people or things you are referring to. For example, an argument is “between” two people, but “among” three or more; a competition is “between” two teams, but “among” three or more. But it is appropriate to “choose between six kinds of jam”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">amount, number</h3><p>The rule often stated is that amount refers to volume, and number to quantities: <em>a number of cows produced an amount of gas</em>. Like many such rules, it has no basis in usage or English grammar; its origin is likely personal preference. There is substantial evidence over time, from spontaneous speech to edited prose, that <em>amount </em>can be used with plural count nouns when the count noun is being conceived of as an aggregate: <em>the amount of resources</em>, <em>a large amount of drugs</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ampersand, &</h3><p>Avoid unless part of company name, trademark, or financial market.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">analyst</h3><p>As a job description, it can be ambiguous. The audience is usually better off knowing who is saying something, and where they’re saying it from. If you’re reporting what a generally held view: <em>some financial market economists</em>, <em>some political analysts</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ancestors, descendants</h3><p>Ancestors are the people who came before you. Descendants will come after you.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">animals</h3><p>Generally, animals take the pronoun <em>it </em>over <em>she </em>or <em>he. </em>Exceptions include named animals such as race horses, or stories where an animal’s sex is relevant. Generic animal names only take a capital when they contain proper nouns: <em>Tasmanian devils, yellow-footed rock wallaby.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">anniversary</h3><p>Anniversaries relate to yearly occurrences (a clue, <em>annus, </em>is in the word’s etymology). Two tendencies infuriate pedants and are best avoided. The first is the use of <em>anniversary </em>to mark spans of weeks or months: <em>six month anniversary</em>, <em>twelve month anniversary</em>. The second is using the word with <em>year</em>, as in <em>one year anniversary. </em>This is tautological. Use <em>first anniversary</em> instead.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Antarctica, the Antarctic</h3><p>Antarctica is the name of the continent within the Antarctic region.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">antenatal</h3><p>Means before birth. Take care not to confuse with anti-natal, a different thing entirely.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">anti-vaccination, anti-vax, anti-vaxxer</h3><p>Take care with such descriptors: community attitudes to vaccination are varied, outright rejection is generally a minority view. Focus on an individual’s actions, rather than labels: <em>Cartwright has refused to take the flu vaccine ahead of the NRL season</em>… <em>The NRL said its players</em> <em>could be exempted in exceptional circumstances such as on religious, medical or conscientious grounds</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">anticipate, expect</h3><p>Many language critics hold that <em>anticipate </em>should not be used where <em>expect </em>is intended: <em>COAG leaders anticipate long day.</em> This is assuredly the etymological fallacy at work. Words can have more than one meaning at a time, and can shed (or grow) meanings with the passage of time. Probably the most that can be said here is that <em>anticipate</em> should not be used for <em>expect </em>in the rare case where the difference would be material. Take the following headline: <em>Police anticipate bikie violence. </em>Does that mean police think violence is likely, or that they’ve allocated resources to prepare for an imminent gang war? If, in such an instance, it’s the <em>expect </em>sense you mean, just say <em>expect</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">antiviral</h3><p>Do not hyphenate.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Anzac, Anzac Day</h3><p>For general use: <em>Anzac Day</em> <em>celebrations</em>, <em>Anzac biscuits</em>, <em>the Anzac spirit.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Apostles Creed</h3><p>No apostrophe.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Arab, Arabic</h3><p>When <em>Arab </em>modifies nouns, it generally refers to social or political constructs: <em>Arab governments, Arab women, Arab leaders. Arabic, </em>as a modifier, refers to specifically to the language: <em>Arabic speakers</em>, <em>Arabic script, Arabic schools. </em>A final point: <em>Arab poetry</em> would most likely be read as referring to poetic works written by Arab people (that is, not necessarily in Arabic).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Arab-Israeli</h3><p>While a common descriptor for Israeli citizens of Arab ethnicity, it is not universally adopted. Many object to this term, preferring alternatives: <em>Palestinian citizen of Israel</em>, <em>Palestinian-Israeli</em>, <em>Israeli</em>, etc. Where possible, confirm with your talent.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ARIAs</h3><p>No need to spell out the acronym, but say <em>ARIA Awards</em> in the first reference in the story (note: you need to cap <em>Awards</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">armed forces</h3><p>Upper case the full names of military organisations: <em>the Australian Army</em>, <em>the US Navy</em>, <em>the Royal Air Force</em>, <em>the French</em> <em>Armée de l’Air</em>. Downcap in generic, plural and all other instances: <em>Scott Morrison will send in the army as Victoria’s bushfire crisis worsens</em>, <em>the US and Chinese navies are facing off in the Pacific</em>, <em>a</em> <em>German air force pilot was killed during a training mission</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">arson, arsonist</h3><p>Take care applying these terms to bushfires. In Australian law, <em>arson </em>often has a specific legal meaning implying intention, recklessness, or property damage. Most jurisdictions have a separate crime for bushfire offences, which include unintentional lighting of fires. Avoid the salacious <em>firebug, pyro.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">artistic works</h3><p>No italics or quotes for book titles, film titles, play titles, poem titles, etc. But they do take capitals: <em>A Clockwork Orange, A Doll’s House</em>. Articles (the, a) and shorter conjunctions or prepositions (on, and) are usually not capped: <em>Lord of the Rings</em>. An exception is if they begin the title: <em>And Then There Were None</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Asian Australian</h3><p>Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: <em>Tawainese Australian</em>, <em>Filipino Australian</em>, <em>Vietnamese Australian</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Asia-Pacific</h3><p>Takes the hyphen in use such as ‘Asia-Pacific region’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">aspirin</h3><p>Generic term, so no capital.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">asteroid, meteor, meteorite</h3><p>Not interchangeable. An <em>asteroid </em>is any rocky body, usually orbiting the Sun. <em>Meteors </em>are matter from outer space that become incandescent after entering the earth’s atmosphere. <em>Meteorites </em>are rocks or other matter that have survived the bumpy trip to the earth’s surface.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">assassin</h3><p>Political and religious leaders, or the similarly conspicuous, are <em>assassinated</em>. The rest of us, sadly, are <em>murdered</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">asylum seekers</h3><p>Use <em>asylum seeker </em>to describe people who arrive in Australia (including Australian waters) without travel documents, claiming (or apparently claiming) refugee status. If authorities recognise a valid claim for protection, such people could be referred to as <em>refugees</em>. Avoid inaccurate modifiers with the term <em>asylum seeker</em>, e.g. <em>unlawful asylum seeker</em>, <em>illegal asylum seeker</em>. Under international law, anyone can apply for asylum.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">at about</h3><p>Avoid.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">attain</h3><p>Not just a fancy synonym for <em>obtain, </em>this word implies the reach or achievement of something by continued effort. (The object is normally something immaterial, such as goals, ambitions or a position.) <em>Obtain</em> means to get or acquire something — usually something tangible, often as a result of effort or a request. Usually it’s something tangible.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Attorney-General</h3><p>Hyphenated. We use capitals since it is effectively a ministerial title.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">auditor-general</h3><p>lower case</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">augur, auger</h3><p>An <em>auger </em>is a hole-boring tool. <em>Augurs </em>are portents, omens, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">autism</h3><p>A variety of terms exist to describe people on the autism spectrum. These include, but are not limited to: <em>being autistic</em>, <em>being a person with autism</em>, <em>having an autism spectrum disorder</em>, or <em>being on the autism spectrum</em>. Most autistic people prefer identity-first forms such as <em>autistic person</em>. Your safest bet is to check with the person or people you’re describing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">average</h3><p>Not interchangeable with <em>normal</em>, as in: <em>the average of a four-year-old is 106 centimetres.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">averse to</h3><p>Not to be confused with <em>adverse</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ayatollah</h3><p>An Iranian term for a Muslim teacher and lawyer who has great spiritual authority in a Shiite Muslim community. The Supreme Leader of Iran has the title Ayatollah. The term is not used in Sunni Islam.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">B</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bachelor</h3><p>A bit old-school. Better to use <em>unmarried man</em>, or <em>single</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">backburning, burn-off, burning-off</h3><p>Not interchangeable in emergency situations. Burning off (sometimes referred to as controlled burning) is the clearing of land before fire season by the use of fire. Backburning is a method of fire control, where an area in the path of an approaching fire is burned into or against the wind.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">backflip</h3><p>Some commentators rail against the use of <em>backflip </em>to mean a political reversal. Despite their chagrin, this sense is established in Australian English dictionaries and attested in edited newspaper sources as far back as the 1940s.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">backup</h3><p>Police call for <em>backup </em>(noun) but you <em>back up</em> (verb) to a door, or <em>back up</em> (verb) your files.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bacteria</h3><p>Bacteria is plural of bacterium. Never write <em>the bacteria is</em>. While we’re here: <em>bacillus </em>is singular. <em>Bacilli</em> is plural.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bad rap</h3><p>Give someone a <em>bad rap</em>, but <em>wrap up</em> the day’s news.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">BAFTAs</h3><p>No need to spell out the acronym, but say <em>BAFTA Awards</em> in the first reference in the story. Cap <em>Awards</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bailout, bail out</h3><p>The former is the noun form: <em>a $700 million bailout. </em>The latter is the verb: <em>somehow we are always ready to bail out farmers when they strike drought.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">band names</h3><p>Cap the definite article if part of the name: <em>The Beatles, The Who</em>. Lower case if not: <em>the Rolling Stones</em>. Not all bands take the definite article: <em>Arctic Monkeys, Talking Heads</em>. Always check. Generally, bands are plural entities. So, <em>Talking Heads were rubbish last night</em>, not <em>Talking Heads was rubbish</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bandaid</h3><p>No capitals and no hyphen in generic reference. In reference to the specific product: <em>Band-Aid</em>. In reference to the 1984 musical fundraising event, two separate words, capitalised: <em>Band Aid</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Bank of Queensland, BOQ</h3><p>The shortened form is <em>BOQ</em>, not <em>BoQ</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">barbecue</h3><p>Not BBQ or barbeque.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">barometer</h3><p>Figurative use is fine: <em>search histories can be used as a barometer of social awareness</em>. But avoid using in place of a word like <em>indicator</em>, as in: <em>historical dramas are a barometer of how an audience perceives the past</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">base jump</h3><p>A parachute jump from a structure such as a tall building, bridge, etc, as opposed to a jump from an aeroplane.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">basically</h3><p>Often a superfluous word in news writing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bated breath</h3><p>Not baited.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bazaar</h3><p>A market, but <em>bizarre </em>is odd. The OMC smash hit is <em>How Bizarre.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bee’s knees</h3><p>Just the one bee.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">beg the question, begs the question</h3><p>This phrase comes to English from a (reportedly quite bad) translation of the Latin term <em>petitio principii</em>, referring to a specific type of circular reasoning, where the premise of an argument assumes its conclusion. Nowadays, <em>beg the question </em>is commonly used in a more literal sense: <em>The closure of [the Hazelwood power plant] begs the question: what will replace it? </em>Both meanings are now considered acceptable, so take care not to confuse when using the term.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">beggars description, beggars belief</h3><p>Indescribable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">behead</h3><p>In some contexts, <em>behead</em> can be more appropriate than a word than <em>decapitate. </em>It refers to a deliberate action; <em>decapitation </em>can be accidental or have a non-human agent.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bellwether</h3><p>Not <em>bellweather</em>. Means a leader of opinion (literally a castrated ram with a bell around its neck, used to lead a flock of sheep). You asked!</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bench</h3><p>One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: <em>the backbench, backbench colleagues</em>. Also <em>frontbench</em>, <em>frontbencher</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Berlin Wall</h3><p>Cap the W.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bete noire</h3><p>Doesn’t need a circumflex.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">better, best</h3><p><em>Better</em> is the comparative of <em>good</em>, and <em>best</em> is the superlative. So it’s <em>the better</em> of two choices, but <em>the best</em> of three or more. Never double the comparative — e.g. <em>more better </em>— unless aiming for laughs.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">betting odds</h3><p>100-1, 10-1, etc. En rule, don’t hyphen, for spans of numbers.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">between you and me</h3><p>Not <em>between you and I.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">biannual</h3><p>Twice a year (<a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#_Hlk468192010" data-component="Link">biennial</a> is every two years).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Bible</h3><p>Capitalised when referring to one with the Old and New Testaments. Lower case for adjective or generic forms: <em>biblical proportions</em>, <em>the cricketer’s bible</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Bible references</h3><p>Written like this: <em>Mark 6:3, John 3:2–4</em>, <em>Psalms 12:1–2</em>. Note the use of the en rule (not a hyphen).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bicentenary, bicentennial</h3><p>200th anniversary.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">biennial</h3><p>Every two years (biannual is twice a year).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Big Apple</h3><p>Needs caps when used as a nickname referring exclusively to New York.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">billion</h3><p>Means one thousand million, not one million million. When reading for broadcast, make sure to emphasise the b to distinguish <em>billion</em> from <em>million</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bite</h3><p>A sound bite (a byte is a number of binary digits, or bits, usually 8).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">BitTorrent</h3><p>One word, capital B and T. It is a trademark.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">black, Black</h3><p><br/>Do not use as a noun. In the Australian context, <em>black</em> is primarily an in-group term; be wary of its use outside quotes. The term can refer to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or to diaspora groups. In international use it often, though not exclusively, refers to African Americans. See further at <strong>African American</strong>.</p><p>Capitalised and respelled variants are in increasing in-group use: <em>Black</em>, <em>blak</em>. These variants are tied to specific ideas of empowerment and reclamation, and should be respected where appropriate (e.g. direct quotes, feature writing). Umbrella acronyms (e.g. <em>BAME</em>, <em>BIPOC</em>, <em>POC</em>) are often not preferred in individual reference and may be unfamiliar to audiences.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">BlackBerry</h3><p>Note the mid-word capital letter. Plural is <em>BlackBerrys</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Black Hawk helicopter</h3><p>Not Blackhawk.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">blaze the trail</h3><p>Means showing the way for others who come after you. So <em>blazing a new trail</em> is a tautology.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bloc</h3><p>political group</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">blonde, blond</h3><p>If used as a noun form — <em>a blonde</em>, say — then <em>blonde </em>is generally used in English to describe women, and <em>blond </em>to describe men. But <em>blond</em> (adjective) for generic or inanimate use.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">blue-ribbon, blue riband, blue ribbon</h3><p>Hyphenated form is standard as an attributive for a safe political seat, or a mark of excellence: <em>the blue-ribbon</em> <em>Liberal electorate of Warringah</em>, <em>Dangerfield and Selwood are blue-ribbon midfielders. </em>An alternative spelling, <em>blue riband</em>, is something of an archaism.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">boat, ship</h3><p>The words are not easily defined, but generally ships are large and ocean-going, and anything that is not ocean-going and has an outboard motor or oars is a boat. It’s commonly explained that you can put a boat on a ship but not a ship on a boat. Never use <em>vessel</em> in broadcast language.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">boat people</h3><p>Avoid outside of quotes. See entries at <strong>asylum seeker</strong>, <strong>illegal immigrant</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Booker Prize</h3><p>Often referred to as <em>the Booker</em>. Capitalise and use the full name in the first reference. In subsequent reference, <em>the Booker Prize </em>or <em>the prize.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">born, borne</h3><p>Both are forms of the verb to bear. Use the former for passive past tense descriptions of birth: <em>I was born in Queensland</em>. Otherwise, use the latter form: <em>she had borne a child to him</em>, <em>the plan was was borne out of desperation</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">both</h3><p>Use to refer to two things, not three or more: <em>Last year the leaders of both Germany and Britain declared their multicultural policies had been a failure.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">botox</h3><p>Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter. Adjectival form: <em>botoxed</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">brahman, Brahman, Brahmin</h3><p>No capital required if referring to the cattle breed. But capitalised in reference to the concept in Hinduism. Capital and different spelling for the Hindu priest caste: <em>Brahmin</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">breach, breech</h3><p>A breach of protocol, the flood levee has been breached, but the baby is in breech position, and the doctor was wearing breeches.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">breakdown (noun) break down (verb)</h3><p>A family breakdown might give us a nervous breakdown, but we might say a relationship is likely to break down, or ‘Let’s break those figures down.’</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">breakthrough</h3><p>Use sparingly — and never pair with its cliched-partner <em>dramatic</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bring, buy</h3><p>Take care to distinguish between the past tense of bring (<em>brought</em>), and the past tense of buy (<em>bought</em>): <em>the astronauts were brought back from space, I bought some apples at the shop</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Britain, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the UK</h3><p>Not interchangeable, strictly speaking. The constituent countries of <em>Great Britain </em>are England, Wales, and Scotland. <em>The United Kingdom </em>includes Northern Ireland. It is commonplace, even in UK sources, to see <em>Britain </em>used as shorthand for the United Kingdom as a whole, but there may be times where distinctions should be made clear.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">broadband</h3><p>Download speed is generally measured in bits per second, not bytes. Abbreviate <em>megabits per second </em>or <em>gigabits per second </em>as follows: <em>Mbps</em>, <em>Gbps. </em>Avoid <em>megabytes</em> and <em>gigabytes</em> in discussion of download speeds: the difference can be material, as there are eight bits in a byte.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">brotherboy, sistergirl</h3><p>Used in a range of contexts by Indigenous people. In general, the terms refer to transgender Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Brownies</h3><p>Upper case when referring to girls’ organisation (step before Girl Guides). Lower case in generic culinary or other reference: <em>choc-chip brownies</em>, <em>brownie points.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">brunette, brunet</h3><p>In a noun sense, generally refers to a woman with brown hair: <em>the brunette in the corner</em>. A related noun form for men, <em>brunet</em>, is rarely used. Both are fairly reductive and best avoided outside facetious prose. Why not an adjectival form? <em>Brown-haired woman, brown-haired man</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">budget, Budget</h3><p>Upper case only when writing the full title, or titles of specific documents: <em>Budget 2021-22</em>, <em>Budget Paper 2</em>. Lower case all other usages, whether generic, plural, or adjectival: <em>the federal budget</em>,<em> successive federal budgets</em><strong>, </strong><em>budgetary measures</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bug</h3><p>When reporting on medical ailments, be wary of referring to viruses and the like as <em>bugs</em>. The term is imprecise and implies a low-level risk, which may be inappropriate.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">buoy, buoyed, buoyant, buoyancy</h3><p>Spelling these correctly will buoy the spirits of our audience.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bureau, bureaus</h3><p>Not <em>bureaux, </em>unless you’re going for a hypercorrect affectation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">burka</h3><p>Often inaccurately used to describe other types of head coverings, such as the niqab. See <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-23/why-do-muslim-women-wear-a-burka-niqab-or-hijab/5761510" data-component="Link">this ABC explainer</a> for more.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">burned, burnt</h3><p>A rule of thumb: <em>burned </em>is the more regular past tense verb form, and <em>burnt </em>more regularly appears in phrases <em>burnt out </em>or <em>burnt up</em>. No hyphen for predicative use of the latter: <em>the bush was burnt out</em>. But hyphenate for adjectival use: <em>a third victim died in a burnt-out home</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bus, buses, bussed, bussing</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bushfire</h3><p>Though <em>wildfire </em>has a long history of use in Australian sources, the more common usage is <em>bushfire</em>. For overseas events, use appropriate local terminology: <em>forest fire</em>, <em>wildfire</em>, <em>wildland fire</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">bushfire refugee</h3><p>Use this term with caution: even in its modified forms (e.g <em>climate refugee</em>, <em>student refugee</em>) the word <em>refugee </em>is most often associated with its sense in international law — people fleeing conflict or disaster, usually across borders.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">businesslike, businessman, businesswoman, business people</h3><p>Not, for instance, <em>business man</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">BOM, Bureau of Meteorology</h3><p>Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter: <em>the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is the first port of call. BOM </em>is fine in headlines. Note it’s <em>BOM</em>, not <em>BoM</em>. On air: <em>Bureau of Meteorology</em> in first reference, <em>BOM</em> or <em>the Bureau</em> acceptable thereafter.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">buy back, buyback</h3><p>Two words when used as compound verb: <em>the government plans to buy back irrigation licences. </em>One word for adjective and noun senses: <em>the buyback plan is part of the National Water Plan</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">byte</h3><p>A number of binary digits, or bits — usually eight (but it’s a sound bite).</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">C</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cabinet, national cabinet</h3><p>Lower case in reference to informal group of executive leaders, in Australia or elsewhere.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cache, cachet</h3><p>Is a type of hidden store: <em>a cache of weapons. </em>Don’t confuse it with a similar word that refers to prestige: <em>being married to a Newsweek photographer, he he had a certain cachet</em>. In computer terminology, cache is used as a verb and a modifier in noun phrases: <em>Let’s talk about cache memory. Caching is the process of storing data</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">caddie</h3><p>Golf caddie. But a <em>tea caddy</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cafe</h3><p>No need for diacritics.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">callous</h3><p>An adjective meaning “unfeeling”. By some coincidence, a <em>callus</em> is bit of hardened skin.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">camaraderie</h3><p>This word is a direct borrowing from the French and refers to the familiarity felt among <em>camarades</em>. Not to be confused with or pronounced like <em>comrade.</em> Most dictionaries list a pronunciation similar to /kæməˈrɐːdəriː/.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">camera operator, cinematographer</h3><p>Use in preference of <em>cameraman</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">canon</h3><p>Cleric, decree, principle, body of writings, type of music. A <em>cannon</em> is something you fire.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">canvas</h3><p>Tent, painting. A distantly related verb, meaning “to solicit votes”, is <em>canvass</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading"><br/>capital letters</h3><p>political titles.</p><p>Upper case political titles only when they precede a person’s name: <em>Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Foreign Minister Penny Wong. </em> Apply the same principle to local government: <em>Mayor Goran Kesic today announced… Cr Kesic said… the mayor said.</em> <em>Lower case political titles when used as a general descriptor: Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced, Trudeau’s father also served as Canada’s prime minister.</em></p><p>By itself, <em>leader</em> doesn’t take a cap: <em>Greens leader di Natale, Labor leader Bill Shorten</em>. Do not cap personal (non-elected) titles: <em>manager, director, chief executive, chairman, secretary</em> etc. Capitalise foreign heads of state and ministers.</p><p>royalty</p><p>Always capitalise the title of the current Australian monarch. Upper case the full titles of members of the royal family and members of the peerage: <em>the Prince of Wales</em>, <em>the Duchess of Cornwall</em>, etc. Upper case these titles when they precede a name: <em>Princess Anne visited the village of Hanuabada. Lower case these titles when used as a general descriptor: the princess visited Port Moresby’s famous boardwalks, “It is very nice to be back in the UK,” the duchess said.</em></p><p>organisations or government</p><p>The full names of organisations take upper case on first reference and lower case in subsequent reference: <em>the University of New South Wales</em>, but later <em>the university</em>. <em>Department of Immigration and Border Protection</em>, but later <em>the department</em>. Lower case for administrations past, present, and generic: <em>the federal government</em>, <em>former Queensland government minister</em>, <em>government policy</em>. Cap government departments on first reference: <em>Treasury officials</em>, <em>the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</em>. In subsequent reference: <em>the department</em>.</p><p>state and territory</p><p>Use upper case for proper names, but not in generic or plural references: <em>the State of Victoria</em>; <em>state government policies</em>, <em>state land</em>, <em>an independent state</em>.</p><p>geographical and political designations</p><p>Names that designate a group of nations geographically or politically always take a capital: <em>South-East Asia, Central America, the Balkans</em>. Sometimes, when descriptive names of this type become semi-official, they then take a capital: <em>Central Australia, Far North Queensland, the Gulf (of Carpentaria), the Red Centre.</em></p><p>commonwealth</p><p>Upper case: <em>the Commonwealth of Australia,</em> <em>the Commonwealth of Nations</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">captions</h3><p>Our style for crediting images is agency, colon, photographer name: <em>Reuters: Adnan Abibi. </em>ABC images are credited: <em>ABC News: Margaret Burin</em> or <em>ABC Radio Sydney: Luke Wong</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">career</h3><p>When used as a verb means to rush headlong (<em>careen </em>is to keel over).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">career girl, career woman</h3><p>Don’t use.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cast off</h3><p>The boat cast off from the quay.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cast-off</h3><p>We accept cast-off clothing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">casualties</h3><p>Includes dead and injured, so not a synonym for deaths.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">caucus</h3><p>Capitalise when referring to the current caucus, e.g. <em>the Labor Caucus.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">celsius</h3><p>Generally, write in full and upper case: <em>34 degrees Celsius. </em>For stories with many temperature references, abbreviate in second and subsequent reference: <em>34C</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cement, concrete</h3><p>Technically these are not interchangeable terms: cement is an ingredient of concrete, which is a mix of aggregates and paste.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">census</h3><p>Lower case in generic use. Its full name is the <em>Census of Population and Housing</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">censor, censure</h3><p>Documents may be “censored”, but people who are criticised severely are “censured”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">century, centuries</h3><p>Lower case: <em>the fifth century. </em>Spell out centuries under 10: <em>fifth century, </em>but <em>15th century. </em>Hyphenate for adjectival use: <em>19th-century passenger ships.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">CFMEU, CFMMEU</h3><p>Not exactly interchangeable. The CFMEU is a collection of affiliated (and to an extent autonomous) trade unions: <em>CFMEU Victoria & Tasmania, CFMEU Western Australia</em>. These chapters are further divided by industry: <em>CFMEU Construction, CFMEU Mining. </em>The above are further grouped under a separate national organisation: <em>the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union</em>. Where material to a story, be sure to note the difference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">chair (title), chairwoman, chairperson</h3><p>Where there is no stated preference by a company or individual, default to <em>chair</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Channel Seven, Channel Nine, Channel Ten</h3><p>Spell these out in article text, but can be <em>Channel 9</em> etc in headlines.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Chechen, Chechnya</h3><p>Chechen Republic, Chechen people, Chechen Prime Minister, Chechen war, Republic of Chechnya.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">child porn, child pornography</h3><p>Avoid these terms where possible. Most Australian legislation uses <em>child exploitation material</em>, <em>child abuse material</em> or similar.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">childcare, child care</h3><p>Use the compound form for adjectival senses: <em>childcare worker</em>, <em>childcare fees</em>. Keep the separated form for noun senses, or names of government programs: <em>it can be hard to find decent child care</em>, <em>the Child Care Subsidy</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Chinese names</h3><p>Generally, Chinese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: <em>Li Keqiang.</em> Use the full name on first reference, and the family name on subsequent reference: <em>China’s Premier Li Keqiang… Mr Li</em>. Family names are generally one syllable, and given names are often two syllables: <em>Xi Jinping</em>. Given names may be hyphenated, as is conventional in Taiwan and Hong Kong: <em>Tsai</em> <em>Ing-wen</em>, <em>Chow Yun-fat</em>. Where possible, check for preference. It is common for people with Chinese names to adopt Western naming order: <em>Weili Zhang</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Choice</h3><p>Consumer group.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">chronic</h3><p>In medical contexts, not exactly interchangeable with <em>acute </em>or <em>bad. </em>A chronic health condition is one that has continued or lingered.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Christian, Christianity</h3><p>Note capitals. Also: <em>Christian name</em>, but <em>unchristian </em>and <em>christening</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">church, Church</h3><p>Lower case for established organisations: <em>the church is no longer relevant today.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">choke, strangle, suffocate</h3><p>Generally interchangeable in senses relating to domestic violence or criminal offences.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cisgender</h3><p>People whose gender identity is in line with their sex assigned at birth. See entry under <strong>LGBT.</strong></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">claims</h3><p>“Claims” carries a hint of incredulity (as do “reputedly” and “so-called”). If there is no reason to doubt the veracity of a statement, “says” is better. For example, “the party says it will field candidates in all electorates”, rather than “the party claims it will”. The authority of the person or organisation making a claim (that is, something not previously accepted, known or understood), and the nature of the claim, will decide whether we would report it without corroboration. A claim, therefore, must be attributed. “Claims” implies the ABC is seeking further confirmation or reaction.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cleaning lady</h3><p>Avoid. <em>Cleaner</em> instead.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Clem7</h3><p>You don’t need to use all caps, just an initial cap. Can also be called <em>the Clem Jones Tunnel</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Coca-Cola, Coke</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">collateral damage</h3><p>Avoid this term as a euphemism for civilian casualties.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">collective nouns</h3><p>There are no iron-clad rules about whether collective nouns should be matched with singular or plural verbs. Both constructions are acceptable, if they are part of common usage and conversational. But they must never be mixed in the same sentence or story: <em>The team is playing this afternoon. They say the game will be their best test yet. </em>Better to use singular verbs with collective nouns when expressing the sense of a single entity: <em>the government is planning to increase defence spending, Brisbane is unbeaten this season.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">colleague</h3><p>This term can elide power dynamics in e.g. stories involving allegations of workplace misconduct or sexual assault. Consider modifying (e.g. <em>junior colleague</em>) or replacing (e.g. <em>employee</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">collide</h3><p>Only moving objects can “collide”, so a moving object cannot collide with a stationary one. Therefore, two moving cars can collide, but it’s not possible for a car to collide with a parked car or a tree.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">come, cum</h3><p>When used to indicate combined objects (<em>studio-cum-apartment</em>, <em>chef-cum-scientist</em>) make sure to hyphenate.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">commercial references, trade names, brand names, logos</h3><p>Contrary to popular belief, commercial references are not verboten at the public broadcaster. Such references are often appropriate, though they must be editorially relevant and not undermine the ABC’s independence or integrity. For more information, consult the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/12-commercial-references/" data-component="Link">relevant editorial policy</a>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Commissions</h3><p>We cap Human Rights Commission, but not human rights commissioner.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">committees</h3><p>Upper case full titles: <em>the Senate’s Environment and Communications References Committee. </em>Lower case plural or generic reference: <em>countless Senate committees</em>, <em>a committee will be formed</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">communism, communist</h3><p>Lower case except in name of party: Communist Party.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">community</h3><p>A favourite among politicians and bureaucrats who speak of <em>the wider community</em>, when <em>people</em> would do. Some journalists are inclined to use it to refer to any group of people who share an interest or occupation — as in <em>medical community</em>, <em>aviation community</em>, <em>business community</em>, and <em>chess community</em>. In most references, <em>doctors</em>, <em>pilots</em>, <em>business people</em> and <em>chess players</em> are better.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">compare</h3><p>Compare like with like: yesterday’s weather with today’s. But compare two different things with the aim of finding similarities: compare her outfit to an unmade bed. Therefore, say “compared with” if you want to draw attention to the difference: “He compared radio with television.” Say “compared to” when drawing attention to the similarity: “Life has been compared to a pilgrimage.”</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">compass points, cardinal directions</h3><p>Lower case for regions: <em>southern Australia, the south-west, north-east New South Wales, south-east Queensland. </em>When part of the place name, capitalise: <em>East Java, North Sulawesi. </em>Some geopolitical regions take a capital: <em>the Middle East, South-East Asia, Latin America, the Balkans, North America, South America</em>. When names become semi-official, they then take a capital: <em>Central Australia, Far North Queensland</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">compound adjectives, compound modifiers</h3><p>Compound adjectives need to be hyphenated, whether in general copy, headlines or captions. Examples: e<em>ight-hour search, loud-mouthed punter, rose-tinted glasses, middle-aged woman</em>. Here’s a tip on how to figure out if the compound adjective rule applies: <em>Big red car</em> is not a compound adjective because you can have a <em>big car</em> and you can have a <em>red car</em>. <em>Old-growth forests</em> is a compound adjective because while you can have <em>old forests</em>, <em>growth forests</em> doesn’t make sense. Saying <em>old growth forest</em> (sans hyphen) could be interpreted as meaning a growth forest that happens to be old. Consult a dictionary if unsure.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">comprise</h3><p>Means to consist of. C<em>omprise of</em> is therefore incorrect and while increasingly heard, will likely attract criticism if used.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">concedes</h3><p>“Concedes” can be seen as an admission or even a confession. Make sure you use it correctly. It means to admit as true. “Says” is usually sufficient.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">congenial, congenital</h3><p>Can heart disease be a pleasing thing? It can, according to one report, which said a sportsman who died had “congenial heart disease”. What was meant was “congenital” (meaning existing from birth), not congenial (agreeable).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Congo</h3><p>Acceptable to say Congo on second mention for the Democratic Republic of the Congo; never write “the Congo” unless referring to the river.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">conjoined twins</h3><p>Not Siamese twins. Once separated, you can no longer call them conjoined twins.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">consensus</h3><p>Means general agreement or concord, or majority of opinion, so ‘opinion’ is redundant in ‘consensus of opinion’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">constitution</h3><p>Upper case if writing a full title: <em>the Australian Constutition</em>. Lower case at other times.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">continual, continuous</h3><p>Continual means continuing on with stops and starts; continuous means going on without stopping. Parliament sits “continually” (regularly, with breaks) while some politicians drone on “continuously” (without stopping) for hours.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">contractions</h3><p>For broadcast</p><p>If abbreviating <em>will not</em> to <em>won’t</em> (or <em>does not</em> to <em>doesn’t</em>), think how it will sound when read. Often the fuller form is clearer. A commonly abused contraction is <em>there’s</em>, as in <em>there’s new claims</em>. That should be <em>there are new claims</em>.</p><p>Some reporters tend to start sentences with <em>it is</em> (or <em>it’s</em>) and then get to the subject. For example: <em>It’s the wind and the rain that are causing the damage</em>. Choose more direct speech, for example, <em>Wind and rain are causing the damage</em>.</p><p>For online</p><p>In formal news copy, spell out contractions, except in quotes. For example: <em>Police said he did not appear to be injured</em>, but <em>“I wasn’t injured,” he said.</em> In feature copy, where you’re aiming for a more conversational tone, contractions are acceptable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">controversial</h3><p>Usually an unnecessary word in our stories. It means “disputation on a matter of opinion”. Current affairs and news stories are full of opposing opinions on all sorts of things, so consider how meaningful it is to attach the word “controversial” to your subject. If you do use it, make clear what the point of controversy is.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">coronavirus, COVID-19</h3><p>All terms are in widespread use. The disease <em>COVID-19</em> is caused by the virus <em>SARS-CoV-2</em>, which is a member of the coronavirus family. Where relevant (e.g. if discussing the scientific structure of the virus), make this distinction clear. Do not call COVID-19 a <em>virus</em>. Avoid tautology, as in: <em>a new strain of novel coronavirus</em>. In less formal reference or in quotes, <em>COVID </em>can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease.. In less formal reference or in quotes, <em>COVID </em>can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">coroner, Coroner</h3><p>Upper case only when spelling out the full title: <em>Deputy State Coroner Caitlin English will continue in the role</em>. Lower case other usages. Do not use as a courtesy title.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">corrections</h3><p>Part of the ABC’s commitment to accuracy involves taking corrective action when factual errors occur. Corrections can take many forms: from a clarification, to removing content, to issuing an apology. Consult the relevant Editorial Policies <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/3-corrections-and-clarifications/" data-component="Link">standard</a> and <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/corrective-actions/" data-component="Link">guidance note</a> for more information.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">correspondent</h3><p>Writer or reporter, but <em>co-respondent</em> in a divorce case. Do not cap.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">council</h3><p>Take the article outside of quotes: <em>The council has decided. </em>Do not cap local council names unless it is the official title: <em>Brisbane council</em> but Brisbane City Council. Always use the full title on the first reference. So <em>Livingstone Shire Council </em>on first reference, <em>the council </em>thereafter<em>.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">court martial, courts martial</h3><p>The verb is to court-martial.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">courts</h3><p>Cap if full name, e.g. <em>Court of Appeal, High Court, Supreme Court</em>, <em>International Criminal Court</em>. Always check the wording and punctuation of the court’s proper name — this varies from place to place. <em>Brisbane Magistrates Court</em> and <em>Childrens Court Brisbane</em> don’t have apostrophes, but <em>Melbourne Magistrates’ Court</em> and <em>Children’s Court of Victoria</em> do. It’s acceptable to use a generic name for a court, e.g. <em>the Victorian magistrates court</em> rather than <em>the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria</em>. The same goes for courts in the plural, e.g. <em>Australia’s magistrates courts.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">COVID variants</h3><p>Use Greek nomenclature, not regional descriptors, in all references: <em>the Alpha variant</em>, <em>the Delta variant</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">crackdown, crack down</h3><p>In a nationwide <em>crackdown</em>, the government will <em>crack down </em>on welfare fraud.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">credibility</h3><p>The quality of being believable. A “credulous” person will believe anything. “Credence” means belief or trust.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">crescendo/climax</h3><p>A crescendo is a gradual increase, usually in the volume of music, and is not a climax. Often it’s incorrectly stated that something has “reached a crescendo”. Things reach a peak or climax.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">crisis</h3><p>Heavily overused. Let other people (for example, in actuality) say if the moment truly warrants it.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">criteria (plural), criterion (singular)</h3><p>and it’s phenomena (plural) but phenomenon (singular)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">crossbench</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">crossbenchers</h3><p>Not <em>cross benchers</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cult</h3><p>Be careful in using the word ‘cult’. It is a loaded term and almost always regarded as pejorative. Do not presume to label any group a cult, unless it is widely held by experts to be one (such as Heaven’s Gate or Aum Shinrikyo). If a reputable person or group uses that label to describe such a group, you could use the term, provided it is attributed.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">curb</h3><p>To restrain (kerb is the edge of the footpath).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">currency</h3><p>Our style for writing currency in online copy: <em>$2</em>, <em>$7.50</em>, <em>$3 million</em>, <em>$4.2 billion</em>. In headlines or other confined spaces, shorten like this: <em>$16b</em>, <em>$500m. </em>Do not use a hyphen after an amount in body text: <em>the $3 billion house</em>. (But hyphenate if using a multi-part constructrions: <em>multi-million-dollar property.</em>)</p><p>If a story uses a foreign currency, convert the amount to Australian currency in brackets following the original amount: <em>the man was fined 3,500 rupees ($70) and allowed to walk free. </em>Don’t convert items that are globally measured in US dollars e.g. West Texas Crude oil, Tapis, and spot gold. Our audience will assume you’re talking about Australian currency unless you specify otherwise: <em>$US7.50</em>, <em>98 US cents</em>, <em>4 euros</em>, <em>69 eurocents</em>, <em>5 British pounds</em>, <em>52 British pence</em>, <em>78 Japanese yen</em>, <em>$NZ2</em>, <em>50 NZ cents</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">customs, Customs</h3><p>Upper case initial if referring to the government department; lower case for traditions.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cutbacks</h3><p>Cuts is better.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">cyclone</h3><p>They have names, and take capitals: <em>Cyclone Tracy</em>; also <em>Tropical Cyclone Tracy</em>. Continue to cap even if cyclone has passed. Whatever the name, cyclones are neither male nor female: <em>Cyclone Brenda is causing havoc. It is centred 20 kilometres off Townsville. </em>Spell out the numeral in the cyclone’s category: <em>Tropical Cyclone Ului</em> <em>is a category four system</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Czechia, Czech Repubic</h3><p>Use <em>Czechia </em>to refer to the country. Where space constraints allow, point out the country is also known as the <em>Czech Republic</em>.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">D</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">D-Day</h3><p>In reference to the Normandy landing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Dad, dad</h3><p>Lower case unless using as a proper noun, e.g. ‘Mum and Dad came over’ but ‘My dad came over’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Dark Mofo</h3><p>Not Dark MOFO.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dashes, hyphens, ens and ems</h3><p>Hyphens</p><p>The hyphen is the most common device for linking words and word fragments. Appropriate use often depends on context.</p><p>Use a hyphen:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>when using terms adjectivally, but not when using them as nouns: <em>the decision-making process was protracted</em>; <em>this procedure expedites decision making</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>when the last letter of a single syllable prefix and the first letter of the word are the same vowel: <em>re-educate</em> not <em>reeducate</em>; <em>de-emphasise</em> not <em>deemphasise</em><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>(however, <em>cooperate</em>, <em>coordinate</em> and their derivatives are no longer hyphenated)</li></ul></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>to avoid confusing one word with another: compare <em>he re-signed the document </em>with <em>the executive resigned</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>with co-(joint) and ex-(former), whether or not the attached word begins with a vowel: <em>co-accused</em>; <em>co-worker</em>; <em>ex-admiral</em>; <em>ex-wife</em>.</li></ul><p>En rule (–)</p><p>Use an en rule, not a hyphen:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>to link spans of figures, time and distance, and Bible verses: pp. 466–53; 1979–91; May–July; City–Pymble buses, Mark 6:3-5</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>to show a link between words that retain their separate identities: the body–mind split; a north–south alliance; a copper–zinc alloy.</li></ul><p>Use a spaced en rule if more than one word is to be linked on either side: the Victoria – New South Wales border; 16 BC – 70 AD. The en rule is achieved on modern keyboard by holding down ALT and typing 0150 on the numpad.</p><p>Do not use an en rule to substitute for <em>and </em>with the word <em>between</em>, or to substitute for <em>to </em>with the word <em>from</em>: ‘the years between 1990 and 2005’, not ‘the years between 1990–2005’; ‘from 20 to 25 applicants’, not <em>‘</em>from 20–25 applicants’<em>.</em></p><p>Em rule (—)</p><p>Use em rules sparingly to:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>link words that signify an abrupt change: We decided to go by air — a momentous decision under the circumstances.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>introduce an amplification: Budget cuts will have dramatic effects — for example, Australian television content will ultimately decrease.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>indicate parenthesis within a sentence: Her abrupt change of direction — this time in favour of the savings — left them mystified.</li></ul><p>To produce the em rule: alt key and enter 0151 on the numpad. If you haven’t got a numpad on your keyboard copy and paste from this subheading.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dates and times</h3><p>Online</p><p>Our style for dates: <em>February 9, 1985</em>. Abbreviate top-of-the-hour times, but write others in full: <em>6am</em>, <em>3pm</em>, <em>9:30pm</em>, <em>11:58pm</em>. Abbreviate time zones without parentheses: <em>the launch was scheduled for 6:25pm AEST</em>. Avoid tautologies such as <em>3am this morning</em>, though <em>3am today </em>or similar can be useful to dispel ambiguities.</p><p>See more under <strong>AD, BC</strong>, <strong>centuries</strong>, <strong>decades</strong>, <strong>seasons</strong>.</p><p>Broadcast</p><p>By convention, the spoken style for dates: <em>January the 30th</em>, <em>the 30th of January</em>. Avoid: <em>January 30</em>.</p><p>If the precise date is not critical to the meaning, be approximate: <em>at the end of January</em>, <em>in mid-March</em>, <em>early last month</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">daylight saving</h3><p>Not <em>daylight savings</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">deaf, Deaf, hard of hearing</h3><p>Use <em>deaf</em> and <em>hard of hearing</em> to refer to people with hearing loss. Note they are not interchangeable: <em>hard of hearing </em>describes people with acquired deafness. Do not use <em>deaf mute, deaf and dumb </em>or <em>hearing impaired</em>. Avoid descriptions of deafness as something to be cured or fixed.</p><p>Upper case in reference to the wider social group, and lower case for the medical diagnosis or similar: <em>“Initially I thought that I wasn’t deaf enough to be part of the Deaf community,” Fiona said.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">deadly virus</h3><p>What corpus linguists call a high-frequency collocate, others might call a cliché. What’s wrong with <em>virus</em>?</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">death</h3><p>Call it what it is. Avoid euphemisms: <em>passed away</em>, <em>deceased</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">death toll</h3><p>There is something morbidly hopeful about the way this term is sometimes used: <em>the death toll so far</em> or <em>the death toll is expected to rise</em>. Better to say <em>the number of people killed [or dead]</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">decades</h3><p>Our style: <em>the 80s,</em> <em>the swinging 60s</em>, <em>the roaring 20s</em>, <em>a woman in her 70s</em>, <em>the first reader’s email of the 00s</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">declare victory, claim victory</h3><p>Electoral candidates generally claim victory and do not declare it. The AEC generally declares <em>results</em>, not <em>victories</em>. Thus, usage like the following should be avoided: <em>Kristy McBain declares victory in Eden-Monaro.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">decimals</h3><p>Broadcast</p><p>Generally, round to the nearest full number. When precise decimal figures must be given, use this form:</p><p>For .05, say “point-oh-five”.</p><p>For 2.32, say “two-point-three-two” (not “two-point-thirty-two”).</p><p>When writing for on-air graphics using decimal points,<em> “</em>0.4” is the correct form, not “.4”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">decorations</h3><p>Use only if relevant to the story. For example, “the 90-year-old Victoria Cross winner returned to the battlefield”; “John Smith refused an Order of Australia medal three years ago, and is now in jail for treason”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Democrat, Democratic</h3><p>When referring to the US political party, use <em>Democratic</em> as an adjective and <em>Democrat</em> only as a noun. <em>Democratic Party</em>, <em>Democratic candidate</em>, <em>Democratic National Convention</em>, but Barack Obama is a <em>Democrat</em>. A warning: <em>Democrat Party</em> can be considered pejorative by some in the US.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">denazify, denazification</h3><p>Solid form, no upper case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Department of Defense (US)</h3><p>With an ‘s’, but Australian Department of Defence with a ‘c’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">departments</h3><p>It’s the Department “of” Defence, the Department “of” Foreign Affairs and Trade, but it’s the Minister “for” Defence.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">descendant</h3><p>Not to be confused with <em>ancestors. </em>This happens more often than you’d think!</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">desperate</h3><p>Often found in cliched use: <em>desperate appeal</em>, <em>a desperate escape bid</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">determine</h3><p>This is a word we often use clumsily. Instead of writing “facing a committal hearing to determine whether he’ll stand trial” or “the cause of his death/the fire/the accident is yet to be determined”, it’s better to write “a committal hearing will decide if he stands trial” and “the cause of the death/fire/accident is not yet known”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">devastate</h3><p>One to watch out for when it comes to overuse. Floods and bushfires need not always be described as devastating, even though we all know they are.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">developing countries</h3><p>Use this term in preference to Third World or similar.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">diabetes</h3><p>Type 1 and type 2, not type one and type two, or type I and type II.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">diagnose</h3><p>Diagnose a condition, not a person. <em>Her schizophrenia was diagnosed</em> not <em>she was diagnosed with schizophrenia</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">diagnosis, prognosis</h3><p>Don’t confuse the two: a <em>diagnosis </em>is what a doctor determines to be the problem. A <em>prognosis </em>is a forecast about the likely outcome of an illness or injury.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">diehard</h3><p>General adjective. But the film series is <em>Die Hard</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dietician</h3><p>In Australia, dieticians must be trained and qualified in dietetics. They are not the same as a nutritionist, a less precise term (although some nutritionists are also registered dieticians).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">diplomats and consuls</h3><p>Ambassadors are accredited “to” a country. Say “the Australian ambassador to the United States”. Countries of the Commonwealth have “High Commissioners”. “Consuls” look after the interests of their own nationals in foreign countries and deal with immigration matters.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">disability</h3><p>Words relating to disability have the potential to cause great offence to many people. Some general rules:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Take care not to make gratuitous references to disabilities.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>A disability is not necessarily a <em>handicap</em>.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>People who use wheelchairs are not necessarily <em>confined</em> to them.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>If a disability is relevant to a story, be specific: <em>a man in a wheelchair has been swept off a bridge by floodwater</em>.</li></ul><p>Generally, avoid: <em>victim of</em>, <em>suffering from</em>, <em>afflicted by</em>, <em>crippled by,</em> <em>wheelchair-bound</em>, <em>in a wheelchair, invalid, mentally handicapped</em>, <em>backward</em>, <em>retarded</em>, <em>slow</em> to mean a person with learning difficulties, <em>the disabled</em>, <em>the handicapped</em>, <em>the blind</em>, <em>the deaf</em>; <em>deaf and dumb</em>.</p><p>For more context, consult the editorial policies <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/84/" data-component="Link">guidance note on Harm and Offence</a>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">discomfit, discomfort</h3><p><em>Discomfit</em> is stronger, in the sense of disconcerting, thwarting or foiling than <em>discomfort</em>, which when used as a verb means to make uneasy or less comfortable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">discrete</h3><p>Separate, distinct (<em>discreet </em>is circumspect, unobtrusive).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">disinterested</h3><p>Means objective, or unbiased. It does not mean <em>uninterested — </em>which is the last thing a reporter should be.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dissatisfied, unsatisfied</h3><p><em>Dissatisfied</em> is usually applied to people and it expresses a specific discontent with emotion attached to it. <em>Unsatisfied</em> is used in more detached and analytical ways, to suggest that a certain requirement has not been met.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dissociate (from)</h3><p>Disassociate has now been accepted as an alternative spelling and pronunciation – same meaning.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">divorcee</h3><p>Male and female.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Doctor Who</h3><p>Not Dr Who.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">domestic transmission, community transmission, direct transmission</h3><p>In general use, interchangeable when referring to the spread of infectious diseases within a country’s borders (cf. <em>international</em> or <em>cross-border transmission</em>). In medicine, <em>direct transmission </em>(i.e. person-to-person) is contrasted with <em>indirect transmission </em>(i.e. from surfaces).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">domestic violence</h3><p>There are important differences between <em>domestic violence</em>, <em>family violence</em> and <em>intimate partner violence</em>. Do not trivialise or sensationalise. Avoid the euphemisms <em>domestic dispute</em>, <em>volatile relationship</em>, <em>domestic incident</em>, etc. Where appropriate, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. The latter can often mask the agent of the action: compare <em>the man repeatedly hit his wife</em> to <em>the woman was repeatedly hit in the stomach</em>. This is especially important in headlines. For more information on terminology and approach, read the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/domestic-violence/" data-component="Link">guidance note on domestic violence</a>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">double vaccination, full vaccination</h3><p>Be aware of the potential ambiguity of <em>double vaccinated</em>. For vaccination schedules involving two separate doses, it is often better to speak of a person as being <em>fully vaccinated</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Down syndrome</h3><p>Use person-first language: <em>a baby with Down syndrome</em>, not <em>a Down’s syndrome baby.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">drivers licence</h3><p><em>I’m going for my drivers licence</em> (no apostrophe) but <em>that driver’s licence has expired</em>. Other places where apostrophes have disappeared: girls school, travellers cheques, widows pension.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">drug companies, drug dealer, drug raid, drug squad</h3><p>Not drugs raid, not drugs squad etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">drug charges</h3><p>Avoid <em>drugs charges</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">drug use</h3><p>Prefer to <em>drug abuse </em>or <em>drug misuse</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dual names, dual naming</h3><p>The official titles of many Australian placenames contain both Indigenous and introduced elements: <em>kunanyi / Mt Wellington</em>, <em>Grampians National Park / Gariwerd</em>. Occasionally, a place that is officially dual-named will be referred to solely by its traditional name: <em>Uluru</em>. Some general principles for stories dealing with dual-named locations:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Reference both the Indigenous and introduced names</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Where space constraints permit only one name, use the more widely known name</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>If there is the potential for audience confusion, reference the dual-naming process</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Australia’s official naming process does not always move in tandem with community sentiment. In many stories, it may be appropriate to use — or, potentially, offensive to exclude — Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander placenames that are not widely known by the public.</li></ul><p>If unsure whether a feature is dual-named, check with your talent, a relevant Indigenous community organisation, the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ga.gov.au_placename&d=DwMGaQ&c=tpTxelpKGw9ZbZ5Dlo0lybSxHDHIiYjksG4icXfalgk&r=yF8mRr_C8kVV2rJWRF-AmuGmDozaYvvOT52ZIuXw3iY&m=lYXS8Obr7IIjjDQ1E5BhALYyYjYzdTH1l8sqJwR5D2U&s=WCIXrH7DrOINa8gZTLCjycCh5IGaatIGvR6413z_wLE&e=" data-component="Link">Gazetteer of Australia</a>, or your state-based geographical names board. These principles also apply to countries with similar dual-named locations, such as New Zealand.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dwarves</h3><p>Plural of dwarf (not dwarfs). The verb is to dwarf: <em>Q1 dwarfs the surrounding buildings</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">dye, dyeing, dyed</h3><p>For hair or fabric dye.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading"><strong>E</strong></h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">E. coli</h3><p>Note the capital letter, full stop and space.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">each other</h3><p>Of two only; otherwise one another.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">earlier</h3><p>Often redundant: <em>they met this week</em> is preferable to <em>they met earlier this week</em>, and will save space.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">earn, earned</h3><p>Both earned and earnt are acceptable, although earned is the more commonly used. However, it is ‘hard-earned cash’, not <em>hard-earnt.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Earth</h3><p>Cap in reference to the planet: <em>the Earth is in the path of an asteroid</em>. Lower case in reference to the ground, or extended figurative senses: <em>a pile of earth, earth-shattering</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">earthquakes</h3><p>In writing, our style is <em>a magnitude-7.7 earthquake</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">East Jerusalem</h3><p>East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war. Upper case <em>West Jerusalem</em>, too.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">East Timor, Timor-Leste</h3><p>In first reference: <em>Timor-Leste</em>. An <em>also known as East Timor</em> can be used if required.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">eBay</h3><p>Note the medial capital.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Ebola virus</h3><p>Initial capital.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">effect, affect</h3><p>His nagging had no <em>effect</em> whatsoever. Wait for the drug to take <em>effect</em>. But that change will <em>affect </em>a lot of people.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">eg, e.g.</h3><p>From the Latin <em>exempli gratia </em>meaning “for example”. Use punctuation: <em>e.g.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Eiffel Tower, the Eiffel Tower</h3><p>Note where the capital letters are (and where they aren’t).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">either … or, neither … nor</h3><p>We have to choose <strong>either </strong>the pink <strong>or</strong> the blue. We ended up with <strong>neither</strong> the pink <strong>nor</strong> the blue. But be careful of stray ‘nor’s, as in ‘We don’t like the pink nor the blue.’ It should be ‘We don’t like the pink or the blue,’ or ‘we like neither the pink nor the blue.’</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">election</h3><p>Don’t capitalise, e.g. <em>federal election</em>, <em>Queensland election.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Electoral Commissioner</h3><p>Note upper case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">electrocute</h3><p>This means “kill by electricity”, so you would not say “electrocuted to death”. Nor would you say someone is in hospital recovering after being electrocuted. They’d be dead.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">elicit</h3><p>Means to draw out. On the other hand, <em>illicit </em>means unlawful.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">elude</h3><p>Escape, avoid. To <em>allude to </em>something means to refer to indirectly.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">elusive, illusive</h3><p>The former describes something that is hard to catch hold of. The latter describes something that might cause an illusion or a deception.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">email</h3><p>No hyphen. But e-book, e-business, e-commerce, e-shares, e-shopping, e-zine.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">embargo</h3><p>Plural embargos or embargoes.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">embassy</h3><p>Do not cap, e.g. Australian embassy.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">emend</h3><p>Take out errors, edit (<strong>amend</strong> is to improve).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">emigrate</h3><p>To <strong>leave</strong> one country and travel to another where you will live permanently. To <strong>immigrate</strong> is to <strong>arrive</strong> in one country from another.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">empathic, empathetic</h3><p>Are both used to describe someone who can empathise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">empires</h3><p>Lower case for plural or generic (<em>he’s building a private empire</em>) but capitalise specific empires (<em>Roman Empire</em>, <em>British Empire</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">en masse</h3><p>Not ‘the teachers will stop work on mass’. We still use the French term to mean together, in a large body…</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">en route</h3><p>Not on route.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">enamoured of</h3><p>Not with or by.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">encyclopedia</h3><p>Not encyclopaedia</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">England</h3><p>Does not include Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use <strong>UK</strong> or <strong>United Kingdom</strong> to refer to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as a whole. <strong>Great Britain</strong> includes only England, Scotland and Wales.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">enquiry</h3><p>Seeking information (<strong>inquiry</strong> is a more formal investigation into something).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ensure</h3><p>Make certain; <strong>insure</strong> against risk, <strong>assure</strong> your life.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">envelop (verb), envelope (noun)</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">epicentre</h3><p>The precise meaning of epicentre is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the central disturbance of an earthquake. However, it can be used more generally to describe the central point of other activities.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">epidemic, pandemic</h3><p>Significant difference between the two in medical contexts, even if they are often used interchangeably. An epidemic is a disease with a temporary prevalence; a pandemic is usually prevalent throughout the entire country, continent, or planet.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">epileptic</h3><p>Should be used only to name the seizure; a person ‘has epilepsy’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">EPO (erythropoietin)</h3><p>Erythropoietin (EPO) is a performance enhancing drug. It has the same name as the naturally occurring human hormone it replicates.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ersatz</h3><p>Serving as a substitute. Not <em>erzats</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">esky</h3><p>Lower case unless specifically referring to the brand.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">esports</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ETA</h3><p>Basque separatists</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">etc</h3><p>No punctuation. If spelled out: <em>et cetera.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">eulogy</h3><p>A tribute. Not to be confused with <em>elegy</em>, which is a sad poem.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">euphemisms</h3><p>Plain words are best every time. Do not talk of <em>disadvantaged people</em> when you mean <em>the poor</em>. Or a woman who is <em>expecting </em>when you mean <em>pregnant</em>. Do not have people <em>pass away </em>or speak of their <em>demise</em> in bulletins — say that they <em>die</em>. Also avoid <em>collateral damage</em> when referring to <em>civilian casualties</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">euro</h3><p>The currency used by many states in the European Union. Plural euros.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">eurozone</h3><p>Lower case because it refers to the countries using the currency, not the European Union.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">euthanase</h3><p>Not <em>euthanise</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">evacuate</h3><p>You cannot evacuate people, you can only evacuate places.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">every day, everyday</h3><p>The former is a noun (<em>day</em>) modified by an adjective (<em>every</em>). The latter is an adjective commonly meaning mundane or ordinary: <em>an everyday occurrence</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">evocative</h3><p>If you’re going to say something is evocative, it helps to say what it’s evocative of.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">evoke, invoke</h3><p>Not interchangeable. <em>Evoke</em> involves giving out or producing something (evoke a memory, a scene, a smile). <em>Invoke</em> involves trying to get help or support from an outside source: <em>Gillard urged federal MPs to invoke the spirit of Ben Chifley.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">exact, extract</h3><p>To <em>exact</em> (revenge, money, respect) means to demand or require, or to force to give or pay. <em>Extract</em>, on the other hand, generally refers to the action of getting or taking one object or substance out of another (for example, extracting a tooth or extracting juice from a vegetable). Avoid confusing the two, as in: <em>extract revenge</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">excessive</h3><p>Does not mean <em>great</em> or <em>increased</em>, as in: <em>the rain is expected to result in an excessive wheat crop</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">execute</h3><p>Judges order executions. Gangsters, gunmen, and terrorists <em>kill </em>or <em>murder</em> people. For example, hostages in Iraq should be described as having been killed or murdered, or beheaded if that has been the method of killing the hostage.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">expatriate, expat</h3><p>An <em>expatriate</em> is someone who lives outside their native country. An <em>ex-patriot</em> is someone who used to be patriotic but isn’t any more.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">explicit, implicit</h3><p><em>Explicit</em> is often mistaken for <em>implicit</em>, which means something assumed or implied. In fact, it’s an antonym: <em>explicit</em> means something that has been expressed clearly: <em>Mr Brown said tax changes were implicit in the agreement, but he declined to be explicit</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">exponential</h3><p>In statistics, <em>exponential growth </em>doesn’t just refer to an upward trend in value. For <em>exponential growth </em>to occur, the rate of increase must be increasing over time. This can be a critical distinction in news coverage.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">eyewitness</h3><p>One word.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">F</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">F/A-18F Super Hornets</h3><p>Note the complicated punctuation of the name. On subsequent reference: <em>Super Hornets</em>, <em>Hornets</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">facility</h3><p>Recognise jargon for what it is. Instead of medical facility, consider: <em>hospital, doctor’s surgery. </em>Instead of manufacturing facility, consider: <em>factories.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fall out, fallout, falling out</h3><p>Compound verb: <em>don’t fall out of the boat</em>. Noun: <em>we can expect fallout from last night’s interview. </em>Noun, but different: <em>the brothers had a falling out over their father’s will</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">families</h3><p>In plural reference, no apostrophe: <em>the Rhineharts, the Obamas, the Smiths. </em>In possessive reference, apostrophe: <em>the Rhineharts’ family feud</em>, <em>the Obamas’ dog.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Far North Queensland</h3><p>All capitalised.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Farsi</h3><p>Language spoken by the majority of Iranians (not Persian).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fatal</h3><p>Fatal means “causing death”. It is clumsy to say “a Rural Lands Protection Board ranger is in intensive care in Dubbo hospital after surviving a fatal helicopter crash yesterday afternoon.” Better to say “the ranger survived a helicopter crash which killed another man”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fatally injured</h3><p>Just say <em>killed</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fatwa</h3><p>A religious ruling issued by a recognised Islamic institution or scholar in accordance with Islamic law. Widely misunderstood to mean a death sentence, fatwas may be issued for any number of questions of daily life. Because Islam does not have a central authority, fatwas do not necessarily bind those Muslims who do not accept the authority of the issuing agent.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">federal, Federal</h3><p>Upper case in full titles: <em>the Federal Court. </em>Lower case most other uses: <em>federal parliament</em>, <em>federal government</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">feral, wild</h3><p>An important distinction: feral animals were once domesticated, and have since become wild: <em>feral pigs, feral cats, feral horses</em>. Confusingly, some non-domesticated fauna — such as foxes and cane toads — are listed by the Australian government as feral.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fewer, less</h3><p>In general, use <em>fewer</em> with numbers of things: <em>we need fewer bottles</em>. Use <em>less</em> in reference to quantities: <em>this year, cattle</em> <em>are drinking less water</em>. <em>Less</em> is uncontroversially used in a few places where we might expect to see <em>fewer</em>, including measurements of times and certain idiomatic constructs: <em>the offenders served less than six months in jail</em>, <em>25 words or less.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fiance, fiancee</h3><p>The former is masculine, the latter feminine. But <em>divorcee</em> for both male and female. In all cases, the acute symbol is no longer required.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fibre-to-the-curb, fibre-to-the-node</h3><p>As above in first reference. In online news, abbreviated <em>FTTC</em> thereafter (this same applies to <em>fibre-to-the-node</em>, etc).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">financial markets</h3><p>Dow Jones Industrial Average or <em>Dow Jones</em>, Financial Times Stock Exchange or <em>FTSE 100</em>, Standard & Poor’s or <em>S&P 500</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">firefighter</h3><p>Not fireman.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fisher, fishers, fishermen</h3><p>The gender-neutral term <em>fisher </em>is preferred by some in the industry. In the absence of a talent’s stated preference, use <em>fisherman</em> or <em>fishermen </em>for plural reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">first ever</h3><p>Can usually just say <em>first</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">first home buyer, first home buyers</h3><p>These don’t need a hyphen. But a related term, <em>first-time</em> buyers, does.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">first lady</h3><p>France’s first lady, America’s first lady, not ‘French first lady’ or ‘American first lady’. And don’t cap.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">first names</h3><p>Generally, avoid referring to people solely by their first names in news reports. Obvious exceptions include: if a name is being suppressed to keep a source anonymous, mononymic entertainers, less formal types of reporting.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander</h3><p>All are acceptable collective references to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and are interchangeable to an extent. Be aware of nuance: many prefer <em>First Nations </em>to <em>Indigenous</em>, on the basis that the former acknowledges the plurality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups. While <em>First Australians </em>is also used, it is considered less appropriate by some.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">first, second, third</h3><p>Rather than firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">firsthand, first hand</h3><p>A firsthand account but I heard about it first hand.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fit, fitted</h3><p>The preferred past tense and past participle form of the verb is <em>fitted</em>, not <em>fit</em>. <em>The key fitted the lock, she never fitted in.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">flak</h3><p>Not flack, when referring to heavy criticism or abuse (flak is the term for anti-aircraft fire). Flack when referring disparagingly to a PR person (not that we would, of course).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">flammable, inflammable</h3><p>Mean the same thing, not fireproof. Something that is fireproof is <em>nonflammable</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">flaunt</h3><p>This means “to show off” or “display proudly”. Try not to confuse it with <em>flout </em>which, while orthographically similar, has the opposite meaning of “to degrade openly”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">foetus</h3><p>Not <em>fetus</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">FOI, Freedom of Information</h3><p>Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. Be aware: not all states and territories call it Freedom of Information.</p><p>Where relevant, use the accurate name when referring to requests made under specific local laws.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">-fold</h3><p>Exercise caution with this suffix: <em>the population increased sixfold over 200 years </em>means it was six times larger at the end of 200 years than it was at the beginning. It’s a tautology to say ‘increased <em>by</em> sixfold’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">forbear</h3><p>To refrain. Your forebears are your ancestors.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">forbid</h3><p>Forbid someone to do something, not forbid ‘from’. You might prevent someone from doing something, but the prepositions are not interchangeable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">forever</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">foreword</h3><p>Comes at the front of a book, but we move <em>forward</em><strong>.</strong></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">forgo</h3><p>Do without. <em>Forego </em>means to go before, but given the potential for confusion, ‘precede’ may be a better choice.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">former</h3><p>Be careful about putting <em>former</em> in front of a title or description that still applies to a person. <em>A former Olympic gold medallist</em> implies that the person has been stripped of a medal.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">formerly</h3><p>Before, at a previous time. <em>Formally </em>means in a formal manner.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">formula, formulas</h3><p>Not <em>formulae</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">founder, capsize</h3><p>Founder means “fill with water and sink to the bottom (of the sea)”. It’s also used with reference to projects that fail. Capsize means “overturn”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fracking</h3><p>Also known as <em>hydraulic fracturing</em>. A specific technique used in resource exploration, this term should not be used interchangeably for related activities, such as <em>coal seam gas mining </em>or <em>shale extraction</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fractions</h3><p>Hyphenate: <em>one-third, one-quarter, two-thirds</em>. But: <em>a quarter of</em> <em>Australians approve of the concept</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">fraternity</h3><p>Avoid generic use of this term (i.e. in place of <em>profession</em>, <em>community </em>etc) outside of direct quotes.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Freudian slip</h3><p>Cap up.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">frisbee</h3><p>Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter, unless you’re talking about the specific Frisbee product produced by Wham-O. The popular university sport is <em>ultimate </em>(not <em>ultimate frisbee</em>). Most who play it refer to the thrown object as a <em>disc.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">frontbench, backbench</h3><p>One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: <em>backbench, frontbench, backbench colleagues, frontbencher</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">front line, frontline</h3><p>He’s on the front line, but a frontline battle.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">full time, full-time, part time, half time</h3><p>Hyphenate the adjectival forms: <em>I work full time, therefore I’m a full-time worker.</em></p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">G</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gaffe</h3><p>A blunder. But a <em>gaff</em> is an old nautical hook.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gale</h3><p>Not interchangeable with other wind descriptors in emergency broadcasts. The Beaufort scale of wind speeds runs, in ascending order: <em>breeze</em>, <em>gale</em>, <em>storm</em>, <em>hurricane</em>. Consult the <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/info/wwords/" data-component="Link">Bureau of Meteorology’s glossary</a> for more information.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">game show</h3><p>Two words</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Game of Thrones</h3><p>If you get this wrong (e.g. <em>Games of Thrones</em>) you need to brush up on your pop culture.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gaol</h3><p>Use <em>jail </em>unless going for severe affectation, or if the old spelling occurs in a placename: <em>The Old Melbourne Gaol</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">garret, Garrett</h3><p>If you mean a room on the top of a building, then it’s garret. The one-time environment minister and current Midnight Oil is Peter Garrett.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gaslight, gaslighting</h3><p>Avoid outside of quotes. If essential, clarify what is meant by the term.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gay and lesbian</h3><p>Gay and lesbian people or couples — not <em>gays and lesbians</em>. Use <em>gay</em> in this sense as an adjective, not as a noun: <em>a gay person</em>, but never <em>a gay</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gender transition</h3><p>The process of transitioning gender is different for each individual. It may involve medical, social, or legal procedures (e.g. surgery, coming out to family, a name change), it may not. Not all medical treatment for gender transition involves surgery. Consultation and hormone therapy are part of gender transition treatment. Avoid placing undue emphasis on the role of surgery in the gender transition process.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">geriatric</h3><p>Avoid in reference to an older person to imply senility or irresponsibility. Fine in adjectival use in medical contexts: <em>a geriatric ward</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">German measles</h3><p><em>Rubella</em> is the preferred term. If you use the common name, cap up.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">GHB</h3><p>party drug</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gigaton or gigatonne</h3><p>Metric (tonne) and imperial (ton) differ slightly in mass but seem interchangeable when applied to gigatons/tonnes (a billion tons/tonnes) in climate change discussion. The main thing is to be consistent.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gilt, gilded</h3><p>Gold leaf or gold paint. As in Lear’s gilded butterflies, or a gilded cage (luxurious but restricted environments). Not to be confused with <em>guilt</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">glamorous</h3><p>Not glamourous.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">globetrotter, globetrotting</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">global financial crisis</h3><p>Not capitals. Avoid GFC.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">GM crops, GM food</h3><p>Write genetically modified in first reference, GM thereafter.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">God</h3><p>Capitalise in reference to a monotheistic entity: <em>Almighty</em>, <em>Holy Spirit</em>, <em>Messiah</em>, <em>He</em>, <em>Him</em>, <em>my God, oh Lord</em>, etc. In reference to a polytheistic religious tradition (e.g. Norse) use lower case: <em>the Hindu god Ganesh</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">goodness</h3><p>For goodness sake (no apostrophe).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">goodnight</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">good Samaritan</h3><p>Note capitals.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Google</h3><p>Cap up when referring to the company, but no cap if using it to refer generically to searching the internet: <em>I googled myself.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Gordian knot</h3><p>Complicated problem to be cut through.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">gorilla</h3><p>For the ape. If you’re talking about the subcategory of warfare, you (hopefully) mean <em>guerilla</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">government portfolios</h3><p>If a minster holds more than one portfolio, refer only to the one(s) relevant to the story. But use common sense. If referring to a minister’s obscure additional portfolio, cite his or her more familiar title and then add the more obscure responsibility: <em>the Health Minister, who also has responsibility for aged care, says 12 new retirement homes will be opening up next month.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Governor-General</h3><p>Not our head of state. The Governor-General is the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">grand slam, Grand Slam</h3><p>The lower-case form is in wide use to refer to single major tournament wins, especially in tennis or golf. An upper case form refers to winning all major tournaments, usually in a calendar year. In speech, disambiguate: <em>career Grand Slam, calendar Grand Slam.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">grandparent, grandfather, grandpa, grandma, grandmother</h3><p>All one word. Also great-aunt, great-grandfather, great-great-grandmother</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">grill, grille</h3><p>Grill is for cooking, grille is a grating.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">grog runners</h3><p>Northern Territory police define a grog runner as anyone taking alcohol into a restricted area, whether they intend to sell it or not.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Ground Zero</h3><p>In reference to 9/11 or similar, capitalise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">guilt</h3><p>Is a feeling; <em>gilt </em>involves gold paint or gold leaf.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">H</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">h, haitch, aitch</h3><p>In Australia (and elsewhere) the eighth letter of the alphabet has traditionally been pronounced <em>AYCH. </em>A variant pronunciation, <em>HAYCH</em>, is also standard. Use whichever comes naturally to you.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Hague, The</h3><p>Note capitals.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hale</h3><p>As in <em>hale and hearty</em>, but <em>hail </em>a taxi.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">half</h3><p>No hyphen when used adverbially: <em>you look half dead</em>. Hyphen when used adjectivally: <em>a half-eaten sandwich; half-time oranges.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hallowed ground</h3><p>Not hollowed.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hanged, hung</h3><p>Criminals are <em>hanged</em>. Pictures are <em>hung</em>. Don’t mix up the two.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hanging participles, dangling participles</h3><p>A hanging participle (or dangling participle, or dangling modifier — the Beast has many names) is a subordinate clause which is not attached to the subject of the sentence: <em>Born in Hobart in 1909</em>, <em>his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s memorabilia to the Tasmanian Museum</em></p><p>Was Rory really born last century? No — this is the second paragraph of a story about Errol Flynn and his daughter Rory. Much better to repeat the name: <em>Errol Flynn was born in Hobart in 1909, and his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hare lip</h3><p>Don’t use this phrase; instead say <em>cleft lip</em> or <em>cleft palate</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">harebrained</h3><p>Not <em>hairbrained</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hashtags</h3><p>Use medial capitals and a pound symbol, whether in headlines or body copy: <em>Louis CK’s return raises questions of justice, sexism in comedy and #MeToo</em>. Some hashtag movements have since lost the octothorpe: <em>Black Lives Matter</em>, <em>Ice Bucket Challenge</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hat-trick</h3><p>Hyphenate</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">haybaling</h3><p>Not bailing.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hay fever, hayfever</h3><p>Two words for the noun; as in, <em>Katie had bad hay fever while writing the ABC Style Guide</em>. Single word for the adjective, as in <em>hayfever remedies</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">head-to-head</h3><p>Note hyphen placement.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">headed, heading</h3><p>The use of <em>headed </em>as a present participle form is an American affectation. Instead, use <em>heading</em>: <em>Is Australia heading for a hung parliament?</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">headlines</h3><p>Capitalise the first letter of the first word and proper nouns only: <em>Lorde talks about headlining Splendour.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">healthcare, health care</h3><p>Use the compound form for adjectival senses: <em>healthcare costs</em>, <em>healthcare providers</em>. Keep the separated form for noun sense, or names of government programs: <em>primary health care</em>, <em>Health Care Homes</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">High Commissioner</h3><p>A high commissioner is the senior ranking diplomat (generally equivalent to an ambassador) representing a Commonwealth country, in another Commonwealth country. No capitals when referring to the position, caps when referring to an identified individual and using it as a title. So, <em>High Commissioner John Smith is the third high commissioner appointed to the position.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">High Court</h3><p>Capped when referring to a specific identified court, not capped when referring generically, for example, to the role of the high court.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">historic</h3><p>Overused. The word means “important, memorable or famous in history”. Historical means “pertaining to history or based on fact, as distinct from legend”. So the fall of the Berlin Wall was a <em>historic </em>event, but most public libraries hold <em>historical </em>documents.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">historical periods</h3><p>Take a capital if used in specific reference: <em>the Industrial Revolution</em>, <em>the Renaissance</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hoi polloi</h3><p>This expression means “the masses” or “the common people”. But some people use it incorrectly to refer to the rich and famous. A news item referred to Princess Mary of Denmark dining with the “hoi polloi”. In fact, she did not dine with the humble masses but with the rich and fashionable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Holmes a Court, Peter</h3><p>Not Holmes-a-Court (do not hyphenate).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Holocaust, holocaust</h3><p>Upper case for historical reference. Lower case in other reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">home in on</h3><p>Not <em>hone</em> in on.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hone your skills</h3><p>Not <em>home</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">horde, hordes</h3><p>A <em>horde </em>of people, but a <em>hoard </em>of treasure.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hors d’oeuvre</h3><p>Singular and plural.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">horticulturist</h3><p>Or horticulturalist – both are acceptable. The Australian Institute of Horticulture refers to its qualified and registered practitioners as <em>horticulturists</em>, so that is preferred.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hospitalised</h3><p>Taken (never “rushed”) to hospital is better.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">hurricane</h3><p>Capital letter for the individual hurricane, lower case for the general: <em>Hurricane Katrina, the hurricane devastated the town</em>.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">I</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ID cards</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">illegal immigrant</h3><p>Use the term <em>illegal immigrant</em> to describe those arriving in Australia without proper papers, who are not claiming refugee status or whose claim for protection has been rejected; or anyone whose visa has expired and who is therefore not legally entitled to stay in Australia.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">illegitimate</h3><p>Do not use to refer to children born outside marriage.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">illusive, elusive</h3><p><em>Illusive</em>, or <em>illusory</em>, describes something that causes an illusion or a deception. <em>Elusive</em> describes something that is hard to catch hold of.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">iMac, iPod, iTunes</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">imam</h3><p>This has two meanings in Islam. In Sunni communities (the majority of Muslims in Australia), it refers to a local religious leader and teacher who leads prayers and preaches at a mosque. This is by far the most common reference. In Shiite communities, its use is restricted to an agent of divine illumination, one of whom will come in every age to make the truth of Islam contemporary. This will only rarely be used in Australia.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">improvised explosive devices, IED</h3><p>Spell out in full on first reference with parentheses, abbreviate thereafter: <em>It was an improvised explosive device (IED) … the IED was not sophisticated. </em>An alternative is <em>roadside bomb</em>, assuming it is actually on the roadside.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">in vitro fertilisation, IVF</h3><p>Full name in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. <em>IVF</em> fine in headlines. No italics or hyphen for <em>in vitro</em>. Children are <em>conceived through IVF</em>, not <em>born through IVF</em>. Avoid <em>test tube baby</em>. Along with surrogacy and fertility medication, IVF can be considered an <em>assisted reproductive technology</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">inclusive language</h3><p>References to sex and gender</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Beware of generic masculine pronouns (i.e. using <em>he</em> or <em>his</em> for both sexes).</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Look out for gender-specific occupational titles (e.g. use <em>police officer</em> in preference to <em>policeman</em>).</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Use women or men where the the issue largely relates to the general population: <em>men's health</em>, <em>women with breast cancer</em>. </li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Where the experiences of transgender or non-binary people are the focus of content, it can be appropriate to use other terms: <em>pregnant people</em>, <em>transwomen</em>, <em>those assigned male at birth</em>, <em>people with a prostate</em>. It may be necessary to explain such language.</li></ul><p>References to people with a disability</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Ensure any reference to a disability is editorially relevant. It may not be.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Generally, use person-first language: that’s <em>disabled person</em> rather than <em>person with a disability</em>. This foregrounds the person rather than the disability.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Focus on ability rather than disability: people who have a disability are multi-dimensional, and their disability is only one characteristic.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Don’t use collective terminology to describe disability and people with disabilities. People with disabilities are often referred to as a category of people and this can be depersonalising and offensive.</li></ul><p>More information: <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="http://pwd.org.au/library/guide-to-reporting-disability.html" data-component="Link">People With Disability’s guide to reporting disability</a>.</p><p>References to mental illness</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Be careful not to imply that all mental illnesses are the same.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Avoid stereotypes and use inclusive language.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Additional resources about the reporting and portrayal of people with a mental illness can be found at <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="http://www.mindframe-media.info/" data-component="Link">Mindframe</a>.</li></ul><p>References to ethnic groups</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Where it is relevant to the discussion, immigrant groups can be named by reference to their previous nationality or region of origin: <em>Americans</em>, <em>Vietnamese</em>, <em>Kurds</em>, etc.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Avoid equating linguistic or ethnic groups with particular religious beliefs. Not all Lebanese-Australians are necessarily Muslim. Not all Muslims are Arabs.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Be careful to check names of people from different cultures — don’t presume the standard European naming conventions and order of names.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Ensure that the values of Australia’s many different cultures are taken into account, and that background issues are adequately explored. Ethnic cultures within Australia interact with each other and cannot simply be equated with the cultures of their country of origin.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Use caution with generic geographical descriptors (eg <em>South American cartels</em>, <em>African migrants</em>). Where you can be sure of accuracy and it is editorially relevant, be specific (<em>Argentinian cartels</em>, <em>Ugandan</em> <em>Asian</em> <em>migrants</em>).</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Do not use abbreviations or slang terms that are likely to offend ethnic groups.</li></ul><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">independent</h3><p>Do not cap when referring to senators, members of parliament or candidates in elections: <em>he will run as an independent candidate for the seat of Mayo</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading"><strong>I</strong>ndigenous, indigenous</h3><p>Upper case in any reference to a country’s original inhabitants: <em>The Black Lives Matter movement inspired Indigenous minorities to speak out about systemic racism</em>, <em>Canadian prosecutors have dropped charges against an Indigenous chief tackled by police</em>. Lower case in reference to flora or fauna: <em>How do you choose plants that are indigenous to your area?</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Indonesian names</h3><p>Some Indonesian people are known by one name: <em>Iriana</em>, <em>Boediono</em>. In news stories, use a courtesy title with such names on subsequent reference: <em>Megawati</em> … <em>Ms Megawati</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">industrial action</h3><p>A catch-all term that can be ambiguous. If you mean “strike”, “sit-in”, “lock-out”, “go-slow”, then say so. Be specific. Avoid the expression “strike action”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">infer, imply</h3><p>You imply something, I infer it. While many dictionaries do list a verb sense of <em>infer</em> that is equivalent to <em>imply</em>, it is widely considered to be nonstandard English. So do avoid it, unless that’s the look you’re going for.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">infinite</h3><p>This word is commonly used in two related but separate senses: “very large”; and “without limit”. There are occasions, particualrly in scientific or mathematical contexts, where the sense of <em>infinite </em>meaning “very large” is best avoided.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">infinitives</h3><p>One of the English language’s oldest and most storied bugbears, splitting an infinitive means inserting a word (usually an adverb) between the word <em>to</em> and a verb, as in <em>to boldly go</em> instead of <em>to go boldly</em>. There is no general or formal grammatical rule against splitting an infinitive. There are times when it can sound awkward or confusing: <em>He had advised his staff to not insist on their demands</em>. It should read: <em>He had advised his staff not to insist on their demands.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">inflammable, flammable</h3><p>Mean the same thing: not fireproof. Something that <em>is</em> fireproof is <em>non-flammable</em><strong>.</strong></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">injured, wounded</h3><p>A soldier is wounded if they are hurt in battle. A soldier is injured if they’re hurt in an accident even if on the way to an operation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">innovation</h3><p>Avoid the tautology <em>new innovation</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">inquiry, enquiry</h3><p>The first is usually used to describe a formal investigation: <em>an inquiry into operations at the City of Perth has identified a large number of “very serious” matters. </em>The latter is normally used to describe the act of seeking information: <em>‘numerous lines of enquiry’ related to Moama double murder.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">International Date Line</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">internet</h3><p>Don’t cap.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">iPad</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">iPhone</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Ireland, Northern Ireland</h3><p>Not interchangeable. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom; Ireland is not.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Islamic State, IS, ISIL, Daesh</h3><p>Our style: <em>Islamic State militants</em>, <em>Islamic State group</em>, etc. Avoid <em>the Islamic State</em> or other constructions that could be seen to legitimise its claim to statehood. For a more comprehensive overview of the differences between these terms, consult <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf" data-component="Link">the Arabic and Islamic Primer</a> on the ABC Intranet.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">iTunes</h3><p>Small <em>i</em>, capital <em>T</em>, no space, no hyphen.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">J</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">jail</h3><p>Avoid <em>gaol </em>outside of place names or affectation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">jab</h3><p>Take care when using in medical contexts, especially in headlines. While standard, many take issue with the term’s colloquial nature: <em>Will aged care workers get the Pfizer jab?</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Jamaat-ud-Dawa</h3><p>Terrorist group in Pakistan.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Japanese names</h3><p>Generally, Japanese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: <em>Abe Shinzō. </em>This order is conventionally reversed in Western media: <em>Shinzō Abe</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">jargon</h3><p>Most agree that jargon should be avoided. Why not simply favour words that are clear and direct? The problem is twofold: nobody can agree on what jargon is, and the examples keeps changing. Usage manuals, in their infinite wisdom, have formerly picked as jargon words that today seem uncontroversial: <em>housing stock, due process. </em>Perhaps it is enough for the writer to remember that there are disciplines whose lexicon is necessarily obscurantist (the law, the arts, philosophy) and gird their pens accordingly.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Jeep</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Jemaah Islamiah</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Jerusalem</h3><p>We also cap East Jerusalem and West Jerusalem. East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">jihad</h3><p>Jihad means “effort” or “striving” and refers to a struggle on behalf of a principle. It is viewed as something positive for a Muslim to do and it applies to many spheres of life, not only violent actions. Jihad does not translate as “war”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Joneses</h3><p>As in “keeping up with the Joneses”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">judges and magistrates</h3><p>As a handy general guide, a magistrate is found in a local court, a judge in a district or county court and Justice is the term used for any higher level courts including Supreme, Federal and High.</p><p>Magistrates</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>First reference: “Magistrate Michael Jones”, then “Magistrate Jones said”; “the magistrate said”.</li></ul><p>District and County Court Judges</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>First reference: “Judge Jane West”, then “Judge West said”; “the judge said”.</li></ul><p>Senior Judges (State and Territory Supreme Courts, the Federal Court, the High Court)</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>First reference: “Justice Rex Chong”, then “Justice Chong said”, “the judge said”.</li></ul><p>Chief Judges/Chief Justices (High Court, Supreme Court, Federal Court, Family Court, District and County Courts)</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>First reference: “Chief Justice Mary Wilson”, then “the chief justice said”.</li></ul><p>In a story, employ the definite article, for example, “the chief justice of the Federal Court”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">jujitsu</h3><p>Judo is a less aggressive style of self-defence derived from jujitsu. No longer any need to insert a hyphen in jujitsu</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">junior</h3><p>Is shortened to <strong>Jr</strong> when part of a name, as in Robert Downey Jr. Not ‘Jnr’ or any other combo.</p><p>However, it is usually always written out in full as ‘junior’ in broadcast copy to make it easier to read.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">just deserts</h3><p>Not <em>just desserts</em>, unless you are saying you only want pudding.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">justify</h3><p>A word that is too often misused as a synonym for “defended” or “explained”. Justify means “to show something was right or warranted”.<br/><a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#TOP" data-component="Link">Top of Page</a></p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">K</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kashmir</h3><p>Adjective Kashmiri; but cashmere fabric.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kellogg’s Corn Flakes</h3><p>But cornflakes in general.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">kerb</h3><p>Not <em>curb</em>, when referring to the edge of the footpath.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">KFC</h3><p>Not Kentucky Fried Chicken</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">kg</h3><p>Not kgs, so it’s <strong>10 kg.</strong></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">kick-off</h3><p>Hyphenate noun; <em>kick off</em> verb.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kickstarter, kickstarter</h3><p>Capitalised when referring to the specific platform, but lower case for verb forms <em>kickstart</em>, <em>kickstarting</em>, <em>kickstarted.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">killed, murdered, died</h3><p>Not interchangeable. <em>Murder</em> has a specific legal meaning (i.e. the accused killed somebody deliberately or recklessly, and is therefore more morally culpable). Only use when that is the relevant charge or conviction: <em>court documents allege Gabriella Delaney was murdered by Lucas Delaney</em>. When the responsibility for a person’s death is not in dispute, <em>killed </em>can be preferable to <em>died</em>, as it helps makes agency clearer: <em>Hannah Clarke was killed by her estranged husband.</em> Get legal advice if unsure.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kimberley, The, Western Australia</h3><p>The Kimberley region, the Kimberleys.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">king hit</h3><p>Avoid where possible: use <em>one-punch assault </em>instead. An alternative, <em>coward punch</em>, is emotive and judgemental. (Names for this type of offence differ by jurisdiction in Australia, from <em>unlawful striking causing death </em>to <em>single punches or strikes.</em>)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">King’s Cross Station</h3><p>For the station in London, an apostrophe. Not so for Australia (see below).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kings Cross, St Georges Terrace, Frenchs Forest</h3><p>As a general (gazetteer) rule, no apostrophes in Australian place names.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kleenex</h3><p>Trademark, so capitalise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">knee-jerk reaction</h3><p>Note the hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">knights, dames and ladies</h3><p>If John Smith has been knighted, the convention is to call him <em>Sir John Smith</em> or <em>Sir John</em>, but not <em>Sir Smith</em>. The same applies to dames: <em>Dame Kiri Te Kanawa</em> or <em>Dame Kiri</em>, Dame <em>Mary Gilmore</em> or <em>Dame Mary</em>. The wife of Sir John Smith, Jane Smith, should be referred to as <em>Lady Smith</em>, not Lady Jane.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">knockout</h3><p>Single word for noun; knock out verb.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">koala</h3><p>Not <em>koala bear</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kolkata</h3><p>Formerly Calcutta</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kokoda Track, Kokoda Trail</h3><p>Both <em>Kokoda Track</em> and <em>Kokoda Trail</em> are in common use and are considered acceptable (including by the Australian War Memorial). But the ABC’s preferred usage is <em>Kokoda Track</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kombi, kombi</h3><p>Use a capital letter if you’re referring to a Volkswagen Kombi, but lower case if you just mean a generic, family-sized van.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Koran, Qur’an</h3><p><em>Koran</em> is the more established spelling in Australian news contexts; <em>Qur’an </em>is more accurate to the Arabic word. The latter is fine in specialist content, or when preferred by contributors. Avoid <em>Quran</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Korean names</h3><p>Names in both Koreas generally consist of a family name and a given name in that order. Use the full name on first reference and a family name on subsequent: <em>South Korean President Moon Jae-in</em> … <em>Mr Moon</em>. Given names in South Korea are usually hyphenated, with a lower case second element: <em>Min Yoon-gi</em>. By contrast, given names in North Korea are spaced with an upper case second element: <em>Kim Jong Un</em>. Check if unsure.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kosovo, Kosovans</h3><p>Adjective, noun Kosovan; better than Kosovar</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">kph</h3><p>We use this as the abbreviation, not <em>km/h. </em>In broadcast copy, write in full to avoid misunderstandings: <em>kilometres per hour</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">kung fu</h3><p>No caps.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kyrgyzstan</h3><p>Adjective Kyrgyz.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Kyiv, Kiev</h3><p>Use the preferred Ukrainian spelling for the city’s name: <em>Kyiv</em>.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">L</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">La Trobe University</h3><p>but Latrobe Valley</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">labelling of groups and individuals</h3><p>The ABC takes no editorial stand in its programming, and its journalism is accurate, impartial and objective. We should take care with labelling groups or individuals. When we do label them, we should ensure we do so in a factual, relevant and consistent way. This applies whether we are talking about the use of words such as <em>terrorist</em>, <em>extremist</em>, <em>hardline</em>, and <em>militant</em>, or labels such as <em>right-wing</em>, <em>left-wing</em>, <em>conservative</em> and <em>radical</em>. In most cases, it is far better to report factually on the group or individuals and what they have done, rather than apply a label which (more often than not) requires some sort of value judgement and comparison to be made.</p><p>In reviewing your copy, the key test is whether you can report on events in a clear and concise way, giving the audience all the information it needs to understand what is happening without the use of labels. On most occasions, this will be the case. Inevitably, there will be times when labels are needed to provide valuable information or context. In such circumstances, it is important that we rely on descriptions that are factual and accurate, and that do not involve subjective judgements. In cases where a third party has used a label to describe a group or individual, this should be made clear within the broadcast.</p><p>Apply the editorial principles on labelling consistently to all groups and individuals in a story. The ABC has <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/accuracy/" data-component="Link">editorial guidance</a> on accuracy which includes helpful advice on when to include labelling.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Labor, Labour</h3><p><em>Australian Labor Party</em> (ALP), <em>Labor</em> <em>Party</em>. But: <em>Labour Day</em>, <em>labour movement</em> (everywhere), <em>Labour Party</em> (UK, NZ)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">LandCruiser</h3><p>Single word, with a second capital letter.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">landholder</h3><p>Not hyphenated</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">laptop</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">larva, larvae, lava</h3><p><em>Larva </em>are insects — plural <em>larvae</em>. <em>Lava </em>is volcanic magma.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lasso, lassoes</h3><p>There’s an <em>e </em>in there.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">the Last Post</h3><p>Military tradition. A bugle call played at military funerals and at ceremonies to commemorate those who have died in battle.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">latitude</h3><p>Like this: 21 deg 14 min S</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lawmaker</h3><p>An Americanism, this refers to a sitting politician. It’s imprecise, so consider alternatives: <em>members of Congress</em>, <em>senators</em>, <em>members of the House of Representatives</em> or just plain <em>politicians</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lay, lie</h3><p>Hens <em>lay</em> eggs. People <em>lay</em> things such as carpets and tablecloths. <em>Lay</em>, as a transitive verb, needs a direct object and its past form is <em>laid</em>. <em>Lie</em> (meaning “to be in a horizontal position”) does not take a direct object. Its past tense form, <em>lay</em>, can understandably cause some confusion with the above. Adopt the following usage:</p><p>“Why don’t you <em>lie</em> down and have a rest”. (Present tense)</p><p>“We found it <em>lying</em> under the bed”. (Present participle)</p><p>“As he <em>lay</em> dying” (Past tense)</p><p>“He <em>lied</em> about his involvement in the war.” (Past tense of the verb meaning to make a false statement.)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">layby, laybys</h3><p>Our style.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lbw</h3><p>Leg before wicket (cricket). No need to capitalise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lead, led</h3><p><em>Lead </em>is a verb meaning to show the way. The past tense of the verb <em>lead</em> is <em>led</em>. Pronounced differently, <em>lead</em> is a metal that is soft and grey. <em>I will lead the march and, having led it, will write about it with a lead pencil. </em>Often in sports broadcasts we hear about a team with an <em>unassailable lead. </em>That would suggest it cannot be overtaken. They might just have a <em>commanding lead</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lead-up (to), lead up (to)</h3><p><em>Lead-up </em>is a noun: <em>in the lead-up to the final exam we’ll be taking weekly tests. </em>By contrast, <em>lead up </em>is a phrasal verb: <em>weekly tests will lead up to a final exam</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">leaderboard</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">learned, learnt</h3><p>Both “learned” and “learnt” are acceptable as the past tense and past participle of learn. Just be careful to avoid confusion with the adjective “learned” as in ‘learned’ scholars.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">leavened</h3><p>A talk might be leavened by humour (not ‘levelled’).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">left wing, the left, the Labor Party’s Left faction</h3><p>Left-wing is hyphenated when used as an adjective. Left-winger is also hyphenated but consider before using (see labelling).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">legionnaires’ disease</h3><p>Named after an outbreak at a conference of American Legionnaires.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Lego</h3><p>A trade mark, so capitalise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Leicester</h3><p>Pronounced <em>LES-tuh.</em> A city in the county of Leicestershire, England.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lepers</h3><p>Do not use; regarded as inappropriate and stigmatising; prefer <em>people with leprosy</em> or, if they are being treated, <em>leprosy patients</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lese majeste</h3><p>No hyphen; the crime of violating the majesty. Thailand is one the few countries to keep this law.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">levee, levy</h3><p>The town hoped the flood <em>levee </em>would hold. A <em>levy</em> was imposed to raise revenue.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">LGBTQIA+ </h3><p>Use <em>LGBTQIA+ </em>to refer to all such communities in general terms: <em>Should the mining sector do more to support LGBTQIA+ workers</em>? Prefer specific gender identities, sexual orientations, or communities where relevant: <em>What it's like to be a woman in love with a bisexual man</em>, <em>lesbian couples drawn to Alice Springs by friendship</em>, <em>new Olympic guidelines for trans and intersex athletes</em>. Consider using clearer or more accurate terminology: <em>people with diverse sexualities and genders</em>, <em>people with intersex variations</em>. </p><p>Several umbrella terms are in use to refer to a broad range of sexual orientations, gender identities and communities. These include LGBTQIA+, and others. The letters usually indicate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual people, with the plus symbol including other related identities. Note that a person's intersex status is separate to their sexual orientation or gender identity. </p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Liberal, liberal</h3><p>Capital for the Australian political party: <em>Liberal</em>, <em>Liberals</em>, <em>the Liberal Party</em>, <em>Liberal Party of Australia</em> (official name). Lower case for <em>liberal</em> views.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Liberal National Party</h3><p>As in Queensland political party: <em>LNP</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">licence, license</h3><p><em>Licence</em> is the noun and <em>license</em> is the verb. So when you have a <em>liquor licence</em> you have been licensed to serve alcohol. But (in the context of NSW lockout laws) <em>liquor licensing restrictions</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">licensee</h3><p>Holder of a licence.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">licorice</h3><p>Not liquorice</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lifelong</h3><p>A lifelong supporter.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">light bulb</h3><p>Two words.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lightning, lightening<strong> </strong></h3><p><em>Lightning</em> when you mean thunder and lightning. <em>Lightening </em>describes the act of making something lighter, like a load, or a colour.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">likeable</h3><p>Though <em>likable</em> is also accepted by dictionaries.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">like, such as</h3><p>Be aware: <em>like</em> can exclude, where <em>such as</em> includes. The phrase <em>countries like Fiji are poor</em> suggests the writer has in mind countries that aren’t Fiji, for example, Vanuatu or Samoa. The writer actually means, <em>countries such as Fiji</em>. But <em>like</em> should not always be changed to <em>such as</em>. You might end up with a sentence similar to <em>He is not an actor, such as Tom Cruise, the Scientology enthusiast</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">line-up</h3><p>Not lineup.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">liquid, liquefy, liquefied</h3><p>As in liquefied natural gas.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">littoral</h3><p>Relating to the shore of a lake, sea, or ocean. Not to be confused with <em>literal</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">liveable, liveability</h3><p><em>Livable </em>is, generally, the American spelling. But bear in mind it persists in some charities and other brand names, such as <em>Livable Houses Australia</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lo and behold</h3><p>Not <em>low and behold</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">loath, loathe</h3><p>Loath (an adjective) means reluctant or unwilling, while loathe (a verb) means to dislike intensely. “I am <em>loath</em> to heap praise on someone I <em>loathe</em>.”</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">loan, lend</h3><p><em>Loan</em> is a noun. <em>Lend</em> is a verb. You don’t <em>loan</em> someone money; you <em>lend</em> them money — you give them a <em>loan.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">local government</h3><p>Only upper case official titles: <em>Brisbane City Council</em>, but <em>a Brisbane council, the council said</em>. Do not cap <em>local government</em>. Australian local government nomenclature varies. Council heads can variously be <em>mayors</em>, <em>lord mayors</em> or <em>presidents</em>. Elected members are variously <em>councillors </em>or <em>aldermen</em>. Ensure your descriptors are accurate.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lockdown, shutdown</h3><p>Imprecise as general descriptors. Explain their meaning where possible, and what they mean for audiences. <em>Lockdown </em>implies restriction of personal movement, usually by the state, especially confinement to homes, as evinced shown by modified forms: <em>partial lockdown</em>, <em>full lockdown</em>. <em>Shutdown </em>normally implies closure of business or governments.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">logbook</h3><p>One word</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Londonderry, Derry</h3><p>In news stories, first reference for city and county: <em>Londonderry</em>. Second and subsequent, if you like: <em>Derry</em>. The local council is <em>Derry City Council</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">look to</h3><p>Used too often in place of <em>hope to</em> or <em>expect to</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">lore man</h3><p>Position within some Indigenous communities. As with <em>clever</em> <em>man, </em>most generic reference is two words.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Lord’s</h3><p>English cricket ground.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Lycra</h3><p>Note capitals.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">M</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">MacKillop</h3><p>Mary MacKillop became Australia’s first saint on 17 October 2010.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mackintosh</h3><p>For the garment. In historical reference to the phone manufacturer’s celebrated home computer: <em>Macintosh</em>, <em>Mac.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">major</h3><p>An over-worked adjectives, and usually unnecessary.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">malice aforethought</h3><p>Means premeditated harm.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">manned, manning</h3><p>Avoid this verb use where possible, as it implies a generic masculine: <em>The China National Space Administration plans to carry out manned missions to the Moon</em>. Prefer <em>crewed</em>, <em>staffed</em>, <em>human</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">man-made</h3><p>Avoid this descriptor where possible, as it implies a generic masculine: <em>Intelligence reports say “the wide scientific consensus” is that COVID-19 was not man-made</em>. Prefer <em>synthetic</em>, <em>artificial</em>, or (in the context of climate change) <em>anthropogenic</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">manta ray</h3><p>Two words.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Māori, Maori</h3><p>Singular and plural. Where possible, use the form with the diacritic.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Marines</h3><p>Use <em>US Marines</em> when referring to the Marines as a branch of the US armed forces: <em>US Marines say they have killed a number of insurgents</em>. Use lower case when referring to individual marines: <em>three US marines are charged with killing civilians in Iraq</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Marseille</h3><p>The place. For the French national anthem: <em>La Marseillaise.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Mary-Louise McLaws</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">massage parlour</h3><p>Use with caution: can imply provision of sexual services where that is not the intention. Consider <em>massage provider</em>, <em>massage business</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">maybe, may be</h3><p>One word for the adverb, two words when the copular verb is modified by an auxiliary: <em>maybe the island will be overrun, the island may be overrun.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">meanwhile</h3><p>Avoid when linking unrelated events. When a transition device is required, there are usually more subtle ways.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Mecca</h3><p>Upper case in reference to the Islamic holy site. Lower case in generic reference: <em>The Hobart tip shop is a mecca for keen recyclers.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">medevac, medivac</h3><p>Avoid outside of direct speech. In quotes, use the former or its inflected forms: <em>medevaced</em>, <em>medevacing</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">megabits per second</h3><p>Used to describe the rate of data transfer. When abbreviated: <em>Mbps</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">meltdown, melt down</h3><p>A toddler may have a <em>meltdown</em> in the supermarket and a nuclear reactor can suffer a <em>meltdown</em>. A smelter may <em>melt down</em> iron ore.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">memoir</h3><p>Meaning autobiographical writing, has no final E. <em>Aide-memoire</em>, a reminder, does.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">meningococcal</h3><p>This is an adjective. For a noun form, use <em>meningoccocal disease. </em>Some lenience here for headlines and other space-constrained environs.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">menstrual products</h3><p>Use in reference to products designed to assist menstruation such as tampons or pads. Avoid the euphemistic or ambiguous: <em>feminine hygiene products</em>, <em>period products</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">metered content</h3><p>online content for which one may be charged. Not ‘metred’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">methylated spirits</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">metric</h3><p>Australia uses the metric system as its standard for weights and measures. There are some exceptions: sailors and aviators measure distance in <em>nautical miles</em> and calculate speed in <em>knots. </em>A knot is one nautical mile an hour, so avoid constructions such as <em>16 knots an hour. </em>Pilots measure altitude in <em>feet</em>; aircraft and ships specify engine output in <em>horsepower</em>; horses are measured in <em>hands</em>; and bullion dealers weigh gold by the <em>troy ounce</em>. Do not convert these into metric equivalents.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mic, mic’d, mic-ing</h3><p>Use when transcribing colloquial phrases around microphone use. Avoid: <em>miced</em>, <em>micing.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">micro-parties</h3><p><em>Micro-party</em>, <em>micro-parties</em> — two words joined by a hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">midterm, midterms</h3><p>Lower case, no hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mileage</h3><p>But not <em>kilometreage</em>, unless you’re having a laugh.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">militia</h3><p>This means a body of soldiers — usually civilians, rather than professional soldiers. An individual from the militia would be a <em>militiaman</em> or <em>militiawoman</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Milky Way</h3><p>Capitalised as such.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mindful of</h3><p>Not <em>about.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">minister, Minister</h3><p>Upper case the full titles of incumbent government ministers, here or elsewhere: <em>Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab</em>. Lower case for generic and plural use, or in reference to former office holders: <em>the minister said, federal and state health ministers</em>,<em> then-foreign affairs minister Alexander Downer</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">minutia, minutiae</h3><p>Small or trivial details.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">miracle</h3><p>Fine in attributed quotes, but prone to overuse. Be wary.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">misnegation</h3><p>Be wary of combining negated forms, as in the following: <em>Once again the Australian public completely fails to miss the point of the Barmy Army. </em>Logically, such a sentences conveys the opposite meaning to what they intend: the Australian public has not missed the point of the Barmy Army. Such sentences are relatively common, but for clarity’s sake cut the Gordian knot: if you mean the point <em>should not be missed</em>, say (or write) exactly that.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mitigate, militate</h3><p>“Mitigate” is sometimes used by mistake for “militate”. “Mitigate” means “to make something less extreme”. It’s often used in reference to the severity of a punishment or the intensity of heat, anger or pain. “Mitigating circumstances” are those that reduce blame. “Militate (against)” means “to be a force (against)” or “to work (against)”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mixed metaphors, literary allusion</h3><p>As the following example sentence shows, if you start a sentence in one metaphor it’s wise to finish in the same one: <em>they’ve put all their eggs in one basket and it’s misfired</em>. Take special care, too, when using literary or classical allusions. The type of person apt to notice them is especially apt to notice if you muck them up, as in: <em>After a decade of inaction, we may already be too far down the Rubicon.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mixtape</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Mohammed</h3><p>Preferred spelling for the prophet of Islam. For a more comprehensive overview of terminology in Islam, consult <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf" data-component="Link">the Arabic and Islamic Primer</a> on the ABC Intranet.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Lord Monckton</h3><p>It is either: Christopher Monckton; Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley or Lord Monckton. Never Lord Christopher Monckton as this would only be used if he was the younger son of a Duke or Marquis eg. Lord Randolph Churchill son of the Duke of Malborough.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Moqtada al-Sadr</h3><p>An Iraqi Shiite cleric.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">MP</h3><p>Abbreviation for member of parliament. Plural: <em>MPs</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mullah</h3><p>A Muslim teacher or scholar. The term is most commonly associated with countries such as Iran where Shia Islam is dominant but is also used in countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Azerbaijan where Sunni Muslims dominate. The term is rarely used in Sunni Arabic-speaking communities, where Imam” or shaykh are the common usages.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Mumbai</h3><p>Formerly Bombay</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Murray-Darling Basin</h3><p>Always hyphenate. Not <em>Murray-Darling basin</em>, but can be <em>the basin </em>in subsequent reference. Also <em>lower basin</em>, <em>upper basin</em>, etc. Adjacent geographical features don’t always take capitals: <em>Murray lower lakes.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">music genres</h3><p>Here are some that cause orthographic trouble: <em>hip hop, metalcore, heavy metal, hardcore, post-punk, nu-metal</em>, <em>R&B</em>, <em>rock ‘n’ roll.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">mutant</h3><p>Avoid <em>mutant strain</em>, <em>mutant virus </em>and other alarmist language; mutations are changes in the genetic material, happen frequently and are not (by themselves) cause for alarm. Emerging forms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are best referred to as <em>variants</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Muzak</h3><p>trademark, so capitalise</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">My School</h3><p>Official website name is two separate words, both capped</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Myanmar</h3><p>Is the name of the country. Avoid <em>Burma</em>, unless the country’s previous name is editorially relevant. When referring to the country’s residents: <em>people of Myanmar</em>, <em>Myanmar people</em>. Adjectival form: <em>Myanmar custom</em>, <em>Myanmar cuisine. </em>Not <em>Myanmarese</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">myself</h3><p><em>Myself</em> is a reflexive pronoun, which means it is used when the object of a verb is the same as its subject: <em>he gave himself a raise. </em>Sometimes reflexive pronouns are incorrectly used where a subject or object case pronoun (<em>me</em>, <em>I</em>) would do just as well: <em>experienced professional journalists like myself and Mia Freedman. </em>Avoid this misuse.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">N</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">name changes</h3><p>Unless there are compelling editorial or legal reasons not to do so, refer to a person by their chosen name. When an individual is known to the public by their prior name, it may be necessary to use it sparingly to inform audiences: <em>Canadian actor Elliot Page, formerly known as Ellen, says he is transgender. </em>Once the new name is established, avoid using the former name. Use an individual’s chosen name in headlines.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">NAPLAN</h3><p>No need to spell out or explain the acronym in headlines, or even body text. If it needs explaining, simply refer to it in the first mention as “the standardised literacy and numeracy tests” or similar.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">narc</h3><p>For the pejorative contraction of “narcotics agent”. Not <em>nark.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">narrow victory</h3><p>A win by 100 to 99, in sport or politics, is self-evidently a narrow one. Avoid the obvious.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">NASA</h3><p>National Aeronautics and Space Administration, but no need to spell out.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">National Broadband Network, NBN</h3><p>Cap and write out in full in first instance. The abbreviation is acceptable in second reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Native Title, native title</h3><p>Lower case in most reference: <em>a native title action</em>, <em>the court determined a native title claim</em>. Upper case in specific reference to legislation or official bodies: <em>the Native Title Act</em>, <em>the National Native Title Tribunal</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">NATO</h3><p>North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, but no need to spell out.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">New Testament</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">new year, New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Day</h3><p>No cap for the generic sense: <em>Parliament delayed voting until the new year</em>, <em>new year celebrations. </em>Upper case for specifics: <em>New Year’s Day</em>, <em>New Year’s Eve</em>, <em>Chinese New Year</em>, <em>New Year’s Honours</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">New York City</h3><p>But lower case in other related constructions: <em>New York state.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">newspapers</h3><p><em>The Age</em>, not <em>The Age newspaper</em>. In passing reference, drop the definite article: <em>the news was reported in today’s Age.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Ngaanyatjarra</h3><p>Aboriginal group of the Australian Western Desert.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">nicknames</h3><p>Usually capitalised in reference to famous sobriquets: <em>the Iron Lady</em>, <em>Alexander the Great</em>, <em>Andre the Giant</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ni-Vanuatu, Vanuatu</h3><p>Avoid <em>Vanuatuan</em>. Use either as the adjectival descriptor for ethnic Melanesian people from Vanuatu: <em>More than 300 ni-Vanuatu workers are picking mangoes… seasonal workers from Vanuatu</em>. <em>Ni-van </em>is also commonly used, though is colloquial. Depending on the context, it may be necessary to explain that <em>ni-Vanuatu</em> is the term for people from the country.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Nobel prize</h3><p>Capitalise the name of each prize, e.g. the Nobel Peace Prize, the Nobel Prize in Literature. Some will say there is no such thing as <em>the Nobel Prize in economics. </em>This is technically true, if overwhelmingly pedantic. The <em>Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</em> is younger, true (first awarded in 1968, against 1901 for the main awards) and more commercial (presented by a bank, not the Swedish Academy). But it is presented at the same ceremony as all the other ones and so is commonly referred to as <em>the Nobel Prize in Economics</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">none</h3><p>It is a myth that “none” has to take a singular verb: plural is acceptable and often sounds more natural, e.g. “none of the issues have been resolved”.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">none the wiser</h3><p><em>I was none the wiser </em>(or <em>I was little the wiser</em>) means to be was still confused. But drop the article in the positive version: ‘I was a little wiser’, not ‘I was a little <em>the</em> wiser’</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Noongar</h3><p>Largest Indigenous population in Western Australia.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">nor</h3><p>A conjunction used to continue negation after an initial negative clause, as in: <em>Myer’s performance since listing has not helped, nor has the recent brutal market correction. </em>It is also commonly found acting as a correlative conjunction after <em>neither</em>, as in: <em>your health records are neither safe nor secure. </em>In this example, using <em>or </em>would be nonstandard.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Nordic countries</h3><p>Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. Scandinavia is a more specific ethnic/cultural term, which is generally only used for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and tends to exclude Greenland, which is a territory of Denmark.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">North Pole</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">numbers, measurements</h3><p>Online</p><p>For plain numbers, spell out from <em>zero</em> to <em>nine</em>, but use numerals from <em>10 </em>to <em>999,999</em>. <em>Millions </em>and <em>billions </em>are written in words and figures, e.g. <em>1 million</em>, <em>8.6 billion</em>. Once a number gets to 1,000, use a comma. Spell out ordinals from <em>first</em> to <em>ninth</em>, thereafter <em>10th</em>, <em>31st</em>, <em>100th</em>, etc.</p><p>With measurements, always use a numeral, even if the number is smaller than 10, e.g. <em>3 kilometres</em> rather than <em>three kilometres</em>, and <em>6 kilograms</em> rather than <em>six kilograms. </em>Spell out measurements in the first instance, then use the symbol in subsequent references. Like this: <em>Sydney could expect up to 200 millimetres of rainfall … Only 10mm is expected in the state’s west. </em>Put the symbol next to the numeral; you don’t need a space between them.</p><p>Use numerals in reference to timed events. Spell out <em>hours</em>, <em>minutes</em>, and <em>seconds</em> in the first reference; in subsequent reference, separate units of measurement with a colon: <em>Mary Jones finished the marathon in 2 hours, 18 minutes and 42 seconds… silver medallist Mary Macklin crossed the line in 2:18:46.</em></p><p>When starting a sentence with a number, do not use numerals: <em>Fourteen Board members arrived; five were from Queensland. </em>For ages: <em>22-year-old Joseph Nagel </em>and<em> six-year-old Jenny Sanders</em>. But <em>the woman was in her 30s</em>. Betting odds are separated by an en dash: <em>100–1</em>, <em>10–1</em>, and so on.</p><p>Broadcast</p><p>General principles:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Avoid overusing numbers in script copy.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Avoid putting numbers first in a sentence. Listeners can easily miss the first words of a news item.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>When writing scripts for broadcast, write measurements in full: <em>millilitres, kilometres per hour,</em> etc.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Consider whether the numbers or measurements involved in your story require precision, or a round figure.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>On rounding: say <em>about</em>, rather than <em>approximately</em> or <em>some — </em>the latter is non-conversational, formal-speak. Say <em>more than 500</em>, not <em>over 500.</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>If a precise figure is essential to the meaning, it may be necessary to repeat it.</li></ul><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">O</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Occupied Palestinian Territory, Occupied Territories</h3><p>Use <em>Occupied Palestinian Territory </em>or <em>Occupied Territories </em>to refer to Gaza, East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Avoid the use of <em>Palestine </em>in reference to these entities.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">OECD</h3><p>Spell out in full on first reference: <em>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</em>. Abbreviate in second reference: <em>OECD.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">off of</h3><p>People often object to this this particular construction (preposition + <em>of</em>) on the basis of colloquialism. In more formal registers, just use <em>off </em>instead.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">offbeat, offhand, offside</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">offshore</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Oh!</h3><p>Not O!</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">oil rig</h3><p>For exploration and drilling.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">OK</h3><p>Not <em>okay</em>. But write out the verb form in full: <em>okaying</em>, <em>okayed</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Olympics, Olympian</h3><p>Capitalise in all references: <em>the Olympics</em>, <em>the Winter Olympics</em>, <em>the Olympic Games, the Games</em>. Avoid “former Olympian”; once an athlete competes they are an Olympian for life.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ombudsman, ombudsmen</h3><p>Capitalise the full name of the ombudsman in the first reference: <em>the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman. </em>Lower case in subsequent reference: <em>the ombudsman</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">on to, onto</h3><p><em>onto</em>, like <em>into</em>, is written as one word when a preposition (<em>jump onto the boat</em>, <em>walk onto the stage</em>) and otherwise as two words (<em>carry on to the end</em>, <em>move on to discuss other things</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">one another</h3><p>Use one another if more than two use each other for two only.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">one in six, one in ten, agreement </h3><p>Q: Are constructions like this singular or plural? A: Yes. Both singular and plural verbs are used depending on whether the referent is a single person or a mass of people: <em>One Australian in every three is a migrant</em> exists happily alongside <em>one in five Australian children have gone hungry in the past twelve months</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">one-time</h3><p>one-time adviser to the Liberals</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">online, offline</h3><p>working online, etc</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">only</h3><p>Misplacing “only” can greatly affect the meaning. Put it as close as you can to the phrase it modifies and take care that you don’t turn the sentence into a comment. “He was sentenced to only three years jail” suggests we think he got off lightly.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">onscreen, offscreen</h3><p>She’s likeable <em>onscreen</em>; <em>offscreen</em> less so. Same goes for <em>onstage, backstage, offstage.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ophthalmologist</h3><p>Are specialists in ophthalmology. Mind that first <em>h</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Order of Australia</h3><p>There are four levels of appointment, listed in descending order of prestige, with attendant postnominal:</p><p>Companion (AC), Officer (AO), Member (AM) and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM).</p><p>The Order of Australia is not an award. It recognises people for achievement or for meritorious service. People are not awarded an Order of Australia.</p><p>A person is made a Companion (AC), an Officer (AO) or a Member (AM) of the Order of Australia, or receives a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM).”</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">orangutan</h3><p>No hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ordinance, ordnance</h3><p>The former refers to laws or regulation, the latter to weaponry.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">orient, disorient</h3><p>Same as (and preferred to) ‘orientate’, ‘disorientate’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">-our, -or</h3><p>Use -our, not -or, for words such as <em>behaviour</em>, <em>flavour</em>, <em>saviour</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">our</h3><p>The ABC does not own cities, troops, a swimming team, or the weather. Use the appropriate terms: <em>Australian cities</em>, <em>Olympic swimmers</em>, <em>Adelaide weather</em>, <em>the Australian dollar</em>, and so on.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">outlook</h3><p>The outlook is good. Not <em>the outlook looks good</em>, which is tautological.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Oxford comma, serial comma</h3><p>A comma placed before the last item in a list: <em>she ate grapes, toast, and cheese</em>. Avoid unless it aids the reader or prevents ambiguity.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">P</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">p’s and q’s</h3><p>Lower case, no apostrophes.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Pacific Islander, Pasifika</h3><p>Both terms are used to refer to people living in Australia or New Zealand with Pacific Island heritage. Both are collective terms: where possible, be specific and describe your talent the way they wish to be described. See also <strong>Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">paean</h3><p>song of praise</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">paedophile, paedophilia</h3><p>Not <em>pedophile </em>or derived forms. Be careful with the use of hyphens: a <em>child-sex offender</em> can only be a paedophile; a <em>child sex offender</em> could be a young person charged with sex offences.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pair</h3><p>In reference to two people, treat as a plural: <em>the pair were charged</em>, <em>the pair are due to face court.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">palate, palette</h3><p><em>Palate </em>is taste, or the roof of your mouth … <em>palette </em>is a range of colours or a painter’s board.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Palestinian Authority</h3><p>PA for short.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Palme d’Or</h3><p>The highest prize awarded at the Cannes film festival.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">panic buy, panic buying</h3><p>Hyphen for verb senses, but not for noun senses: <em>an epidemic of panic buying</em>, <em>Canberrans panic-bought toilet paper.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pantyhose</h3><p>Not pantihose.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">paparazzi, paparazzo</h3><p>Plural and singular, respectively.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">on par, on a par with</h3><p>Not quite the same: <em>I’m feeling a bit below par. The golfer finished the round six under par. </em>But: <em>Can home schooling be on a par with the state-run system?</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Paralympic Games</h3><p>Or Paralympics.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Parker Bowles, Camilla </h3><p>Duchess of Cornwall. No hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Parkinson’s disease </h3><p>Include the possessive apostrophe</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Parliament, parliament</h3><p>Upper case proper names or full titles: <em>Parliament House, the 46<sup>th</sup> Parliament of Australia. </em>In all other cases, lower case: <em>state parliament sits next week, all eyes in parliament have been on Peter Dutton. </em>Upper case the full names of overseas parliaments and their equivalents: <em>US Congress, Britain’s House of Commons, Russia’s Duma </em>but <em>Russia’s parliament</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">past tense</h3><p>If you start a sentence in the past tense, you should continue in the past tense.</p><p>So:</p><p><em>Superintendent MacArthur said there is no breakthrough yet. (Wrong)</em></p><p><em>Superintendent MacArthur said there was no breakthrough yet. (Right)</em></p><p><em>He said although police have spoken to a number of people, no-one has been charged. (Wrong)</em></p><p><em>He said although police had spoken to a number of people, no-one had been charged. (Right)</em></p><p>See more under entry <strong>tense</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pastime</h3><p>It’s what you do to pass the time.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">patient zero</h3><p>In stories where scientific accuracy is critical, it may be clearer to use terms such as <em>index case </em>(the first case to come to the attention of investigators) and <em>primary case</em> (the case responsible for bringing disease to an area).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">peccadillo </h3><p>Plural <em>peccadilloes</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pedal</h3><p>What you do to a bicycle. <em>Peddle </em>is what a <em>pedlar </em>does, unless he’s a drug <em>peddler</em>. Both words mean the same thing, but <em>peddler</em> is more common in the US. The US spelling has stuck when it comes to drugs.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">peek, peak</h3><p>A peek is what you take when you want to see something, and a peak is the top of a mountain.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pejorative </h3><p>This means negative or deprecatory . It has nothing to do with the word <em>perjury</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pending</h3><p>It means “awaiting an outcome of some process that has already begun”. <em>Impending</em>, on the other hand, means “something about to happen”. For the sake of conversational English, avoid both.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">peninsula</h3><p>This is a noun. <em>Peninsular</em> is the adjective.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">per </h3><p>Avoid: <em>she earns $30,000 a year</em> is better than <em>per year</em>. Fine to use in Latin set phrases : <em>per capita</em>, <em>per se</em>, <em>per annum</em>. Not <em>per head</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">per cent</h3><p>Two words: <em>per cent. </em>Not <em>percent</em> or <em>%</em>. Can be shortened in headlines or similar: <em>House prices set to rise 15pc: analyst. Percentage</em> is one word. A percentage should be written as a figure (<em>2 per cent, 24 per cent</em>) unless used to start a sentence. Be wary of the difference between <em>per cent</em> and <em>percentage point</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">per se</h3><p>by or in itself; intrinsically. It’s Latin, and sometimes appears in transcripts as <em>per say</em>, which is wrong.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">perspex</h3><p>No need to capitalise, unless you are referring to the specific trademarked product .</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA)</h3><p>Arts is plural. But in the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) the word ‘Art’ is singular</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Perpetual Loyal</h3><p>Only use initial capitals, rather than spelling LOYAL with all caps.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">phase</h3><p>Refers to a period of time, or a phase of development. A homophone, <em>faze</em>, means worry, as in <em>nothing fazed her</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">PhD</h3><p>Note that capitalisation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">phenomenon</h3><p>This word and its plural often get misused. <em>Phenomena</em> is the plural but many use it when they mean phenomenon. <em>A phenomena</em> is incorrect. It should be two or more phenomena.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Philippines, Philippine islands, Philippine president, Philippines government</h3><p>inhabitants are Filipino (m), Filipina (f), Filipinos (m + f)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">phone numbers</h3><p>In broadcast, phone numbers are rarely remembered by listeners. They need to be stated clearly and repeated regularly. The aim is to make the numbers as simple as possible to remember.</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Where a number has six numbers — e.g. 131300 — it should be stated as “One three one, three hundred”.</li></ul><p>131273 should be stated as “One three one, two seven three.”</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Our talkback numbers and other 1300 numbers should be stated as “One three-hundred”.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Eight numbers — e.g. 42791856 — should be expressed as “Four two seven nine, one eight five six”.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>For ten digit mobile numbers use the four-number prefix — for 0428 say “zero four two eight”, and then break the following six numbers into two parts — “three six nine, five eight four”.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Double numbers such as “66” should be expressed as “double 6” and, similarly, three numbers would be “triple 6” and so on.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>For broadcast, refer to emergency services numbers as “triple zero”, not “triple oh”.</li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Text Messages: We use the term “Text” rather than “SMS”. Don’t refer to text authors by their phone number, or any abbreviation of it.</li></ul><p>Other numbers and lists: finance information, currency, calendar dates and numbers are an area where we risk variation.</p><p>Where providing lists (such as key exchange rates), present the list in the same sequence every time — remember, listeners are creatures of habit.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">phosphorus (noun), phosphorous (adjective)</h3><p>Mind the extra <em>u.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">photojournalist</h3><p>One word, no hyphen required</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">photos, pics</h3><p>Not <em>photo’s</em> or <em>pix</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">photoshop</h3><p>Started life as a trademark, but now in such common use that it no longer requires a capital letter.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pigeonhole</h3><p>Verb or noun</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Pilates</h3><p>You need to capitalise this, as it refers to a specific fitness regime named after Thomas Pilates.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pin number</h3><p>Strictly speaking, should be referred to as <em>PIN</em> and not <em>pin number</em>, as it is an acronym and stands for <em>personal identification number</em>. Adding <em>number</em> is therefore redundant. However, the expression <em>pin number</em> is now so common that it is considered acceptable.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Pitjantjatjara</h3><p>Major Aboriginal language group</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">plain English</h3><p>Use it. For example, we prefer <em>begin</em> or <em>start </em>to the rather pompous <em>commence</em>; <em>buy </em>to the equally pompous <em>purchase</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">plaster of paris</h3><p>No caps for paris.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Plasticine</h3><p>Trademark, so capitalise.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">plateau (singular), plateaus (plural)</h3><p>not plateaux</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Play-Doh</h3><p>It’s a trademark. Use <em>play-dough </em>for generic reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">play-off (noun), play off (verb)</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">PlayStation</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">playwright, playwriting</h3><p>A playwright practises the art of playwriting. therefore it’s <em>playwriting prize</em>, not ‘playwrighting prize’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pleaded</h3><p>Not <em>pled</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">police, cop</h3><p>Formal <em>police</em> is preferred to informal <em>cop, cops</em> in body copy.<em>Cop</em> can be acceptable in headlines, particularly for lighter stories: <em>Top cop honoured for bravery</em>. Avoid: <em>cop killer</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian</h3><p>Not interchangeable: all refer to different groupings of Pacific Island countries. Melanesian is sometimes considered offensive on etymological grounds. Where possible, be specific and describe your talent in their preferred terms.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Pope, papal</h3><p><em>Upper case Pope when used as a full title or preceding a name: Pope John Paul II. Lower case elsewhere: the pope’s decision marks a significant development.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">postal workers</h3><p>Not <em>postmen</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">posthumously</h3><p>Can be an unintended source of humour, as in the following: <em>Scott Morrison has recommended the Queen posthumously award Edward Sheean a Victoria Cross</em>. Ambiguities of this type can usually be avoided by using the adjectival form <em>posthumous</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">postnominals</h3><p>Do not include postnominals unless they are relevant to a story: <em>Brendan Nelson</em>, not <em>Brendan Nelson AO</em>. Will be relevant in some legal stories, where they should be noted in first reference but not thereafter: <em>Bret Walker SC</em> <em>… Mr Walker said</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Post-it</h3><p>Trademark, so capitalise. Note no capital on <em>it</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">post-mortem</h3><p>The Latin means “after death”, and is often used as an adjective: <em>post-mortem examination</em>. But <em>post-mortem </em>has also been used as a noun: <em>Review of post-mortem delays murder case</em>. Some view this as nonstandard: if you’re worried, just use <em>autopsy</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">post-op, pre-op</h3><p>Avoid in reference to transgender people. Write out in full for sporting or other medical contexts.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Prayut Chan-o-cha</h3><p>Thai military leader and Prime Minister. Formerly <em>Prayuth Chanocha.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Premier</h3><p>Cap it for an incumbent: <em>Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews. </em>No cap for past state leaders: <em>former NSW premier Bob Carr</em>. The Chinese traditionally give their Prime Minister the title of premier: <em>Premier Wen Jiabao</em>. Bermuda, too, has a premier rather than a Prime Minister.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">premiers, minor premiers, champions, championship</h3><p>Not interchangeable in domestic sporting codes. In AFL and NRL competitions, teams are <em>minor premiers </em>if they complete their season at the top of the league table, and <em>premiers </em>if they win the grand final (or <em>premiership</em>). In the A-League, by contrast, teams finishing the season at the top of the ladder are <em>premiers</em>, and <em>champions </em>if they win the grand final (or <em>championship</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">preposition</h3><p>Ending a sentence with a preposition is fine: <em>something to aim for</em> … <em>a great place to walk to</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">prescribe, proscribe</h3><p>To <em>prescribe</em> is to lay down as a rule to be followed. <em>Proscribing</em> means to forbid, denounce or condemn. A sentence such as <em>development can only take place under certain proscribed circumstances</em> is incorrect.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Prime Minister-elect</h3><p>Also <em>president-elect</em>. But in Australia, we have a <em>Prime Minister-designate.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pronunciation</h3><p>When copy contains difficult or unfamiliar words, provide a precise pronunciation guide at the top of the page. Be guided by your talent, or by a resource such as ABC Language. If you don’t know it, don’t guess.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">pronouns</h3><p>Use the pronouns a person chooses to go by. For some people, this may include singular they, as in: <em>Dr Andy Kaladelfos agreed… they said</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">prophet, the Prophet</h3><p>Upper case when used preceding the name of someone considered to be divine: <em>the Prophet Mohammed</em>, <em>the Prophet Elijah</em>. Lower case for general or idiomatic use: <em>a false prophet</em>, <em>prophets of doom</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">punctuation</h3><p>apostrophe</p><p>To form the possessive of singular nouns or indefinite pronouns, add an apostrophe and <em>s</em>: <em>a dog’s breakfast</em>, <em>a room of one’s own</em>. Plural nouns ending in <em>s </em>just get the apostrophe: <em>the politicians’ dispute</em>, <em>athletics’ darkest day</em>. Treat plural forms not ending in <em>s </em>as you would singular nouns: <em>children’s games</em>. For proper names ending in s, add an apostrophe and another s: <em>Lucas’s parents</em>, <em>Higgins’s claim</em>, <em>Laos’s position in the centre of Asia</em>. Note some set phrases are treated as singular: <em>writer’s block</em>, <em>cow’s milk</em>.</p><p>If a period of time modifies a noun, use an apostrophe: <em>he was sentenced to 10 years’ jail</em>, <em>she is taking six weeks’ holiday</em>. Or rewrite the phrase: <em>he was sentenced to 10 years in jail</em>, <em>she is taking six weeks off</em>. No apostrophes when the time period is adverbial: <em>two weeks old</em>, <em>six months pregnant</em>.</p><p>Misplacing an apostrophe can change the meaning of a phrase. <em>My brother’s friend’s house</em> is different to <em>my brothers’ friend’s house</em>, and different again to <em>my brother’s friends’ house. </em>Australian place names generally don’t have apostrophes: <em>Kings Cross</em>, <em>Badgerys Creek</em>. Some international place names retain them. Always check.</p><p>brackets</p><p>The rules for using brackets are simple: words added into a quote should be contained in square brackets, to make it clear that we’ve inserted them: <em>I like them [cakes] but I prefer to bake other things. </em>Keep the original word in there; don’t replace it with the word in brackets. Add <em>[sic]</em> after an incorrect or unusual spelling in a written quote, to show the error was from the quoted person: <em>Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer [sic] and landed lip first. </em>Use round brackets for parentheses, or after an unfamiliar acronym to spell out in full.</p><p>bullet points</p><p>Don’t put a full stop at the end of bullet points in Key Points boxes. With longer bullet points that consist of full sentences, you can use full stops — just make sure you’re consistent within a story.</p><p>colons</p><p>Use a colon (not a comma) to introduce quotes if the quote is a full sentence: <em>The company released a statement, which<strong> </strong>said: “This is a tragedy and our thoughts are with the families.” </em>No colon if the quote is only a fragment: <em>Ms Asher said the taste was “bitter and horrible”.</em></p><p>Use a colon to precede a list:<em> There are three MPs who are still undecided: Marise Clark, Joe Aberdy, and Samantha Hardy. </em>Use a colon when the first part of a sentence introduces a proposition that is resolved in the second part. This makes the meaning clearer than if you just used a comma. For example, compare these versions of a sentence:</p><p><em>She raised $100,000 over the period<strong>,</strong> $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions.</em></p><p><em>She raised $100,000 over the period<strong>:</strong> $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions.</em></p><p>Using a comma implies that she raised a total of $200,000. Using a colon makes it clear that she raised a total of $100,000, made up of two amounts.</p><p>Colons are also used to separate kickers (or quotes, or similar) from the rest of the headline. <em>Budget 2020: What do we know so far? </em>In cases like the above, cap after the colon. Normal capital letter conventions apply when you’re using a colon in a headline for the purposes of attribution. <em>The Murray River is dying: researchers</em> but <em>The Murray River is dying: Greens</em></p><p>commas</p><p>The general rule with commas is that the sentence should still make sense without whatever sits between the commas: <em>The director, Sofia Coppola, said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. </em>You could also write this without commas at all: <em>Director Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised.</em> Both are correct. The comma-free option can run into trouble if the person being described has a long title: <em>UN special coordinator for the Middle East peace process Robert Serry arrived on Tuesday. </em>If that’s the case, rewrite with parenthetical commas.</p><p>Whatever you do, don’t drop a single parenthetical comma but leave the other one in. In other words, avoid punctuating like this: <em>The director, Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. </em>Broadcast scripts — like much 19th century literature — often use commas to indicate points at which a reader can take a breath. Such commas should be removed in any online copy.</p><p>dashes</p><p>There are three types of dashes: the em rule, the en rule and the hyphen. Internationally, their use is far from standardised. At the ABC we use them in the following ways.</p><p>Use an em rule (—) to create breaks in a sentence — like this. Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0151 on your keyboard’s number pad.</p><p>Use an en dash (–) to separate numbers, dates or distances: <em>50–60 protesters</em>, <em>June–July figures</em>, <em>the Perth–Broome route</em>. If the dates include digits, put a space either side of the en dash: <em>June 6 – July 4</em>. Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0150 on your keyboard’s number pad.</p><p>Use a hyphen (-) to link select words and phrases: <em>post-mortem</em>, <em>multi-billion-dollar deal</em>.</p><p>Don’t use a hyphen between words that could be better written as one word: it’s <em>waterfowl</em>, not water<em>-fowl. </em>Always <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/" data-component="Link">check the Macquarie Dictionary</a> if unsure. But no hyphen after adverbs ending in –<em>ly</em>, or very: <em>a highly respected lawyer</em>.</p><p>Compound adjectives take a hyphen when they precede nouns: <em>middle-aged women, an eight-hour search</em>. If you’re unsure whether your compound takes a hyphen, try each modifier against the phrasal head. <em>Big red car </em>doesn’t need a hyphen — you can have a <em>big car</em>, and you can have a <em>red car</em>. On the other hand, <em>old-growth forests </em>needs a hyphen. <em>Old forests</em> make sense, but <em>growth forests </em>does not.</p><p>ellipses, ellipsis</p><p>Use an ellipsis to show that you’ve removed words from a quote: <em>“But I really wanted him to know, I mean I wanted him to know that he was wrong.” </em>becomes <em>“I really wanted him to know … he was wrong.”</em></p><p>Put a space either side of an ellipsis. To create: hold down the Alt key and press 0133 on your keyboard’s number pad. This creates an unbreakable ellipsis, which means you won’t end up with some full stops on one line and the rest on another line. It’s also only a single character, too, so it’s handy for Twitter.</p><p>semicolon</p><p>Semicolons serve two purposes: linking independent clauses, and clarifying items in a series. When linking independent clauses, the semicolon often serves a similar function to the coordinating conjunctions <em>and</em>, <em>but</em>, or <em>for</em>. It has a degree of obstruence greater than a comma but less than a full stop: <em>My sister loves mussels; her husband hates them.</em></p><p>quotation marks, quotes</p><p>Only use single quotation marks for quotes in headlines and subheads: <em>‘Win for democracy’ as NSW government backflips to release secret documents. </em>Use double quotation marks for quotes in text: <em>“Look at the beauty!” Mr Palta said.</em></p><p>For quotes within quotes, alternate between double and single quotation marks. If both quoted elements end at the same time, group punctuation together: <em>“I told her, ‘I know who you really are.’”</em></p><p>Nicknames, irony, and unfamiliar terms all take double quotes: <em>Andrew “Twiggy” Forest</em>, <em>the “debate” turned into a free-for-all</em>, <em>the government’s new “medihotels” will be privately built and operated</em>. Be aware: irony and unfamiliar terms may be mistaken for quoted material. Write around this if necessary.</p><p>Where quotes run over several lines, begin each with a double quotation mark. Don’t use using closing quotes until the end of the excerpted speech:</p><p><em>“At this stage we don’t believe the containers themselves pose a threat to the whales themselves.</em></p><p><em>“[There have been] no reports of any injury to wildlife or marine life, no strikes of any vessels at this stage.”</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">puns</h3><p>The occasional and judicious use of puns can brighten up our writing. But it is easy to overdo.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Q</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Qantas</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">QC, KC</h3><p>Use without comma for postnominals:<em> Stuart Littlemore QC, KC</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Queen’s Birthday honours list</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Queensland, Qld</h3><p>abbreviation is Qld, not QLD</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Question Time</h3><p>Capped</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">queue, queueing OR queuing</h3><p>both spellings are acceptable</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">quarantine, isolation</h3><p>Some medical authorities maintain a distinction between these terms. In this view, <em>isolation </em>means separating the infected from the healthy, and <em>quarantine </em>means removing the healthy from the general public to monitor the development of symptoms. Where relevant (e.g. contrasting global public health approaches, explaining health directives), note the difference.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">R</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">R U OK? Day</h3><p>Note spacing and capital letters.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">R&B</h3><p>Not <em>RnB</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">radiographer</h3><p>Takes x-rays … a radiologist interprets them afterwards</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">raft</h3><p><em>Raft</em> has become a popular way to describe a big collection of things, like ‘a raft of awards’, but it has a subtly ironic tone. Therefore ‘…following a raft of attacks on Indian students’ was a questionable choice of words. Avoid this cliche.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">rain event</h3><p>Meteorological jargon, best avoided in place of more prosaic substitutes e.g. <em>rain</em>, <em>rainfall</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">raze</h3><p>Take care when using on radio or TV: <em>the building was razed</em> sounds the same as <em>the building was raised</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">recreational drugs, party drugs</h3><p>Avoid the terms <em>recreational drugs </em>or <em>party drugs </em>outside of quotes. Better still, be specific: name the drug. Is it cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy?</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">reason because, reason why</h3><p>Redundancies. Avoid.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">reconciled</h3><p>Reconcile to an idea or a cause, but reconcile with another person: <em>days before his execution, he was reconciled to the idea of death</em>, but <em>John reconciled with Ahmed after their argument.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">reform, reforms</h3><p>Be aware of this term’s positive connotations when it comes to contentious subjects: <em>tax reform</em>, <em>industrial relations reform</em>, <em>abortion law reform</em>. Consider a neutral alternative: <em>change</em>, <em>overhaul</em>. Or remove altogether: <em>The government has put tax reform on the agenda </em>can easily become <em>The government has put tax on the agenda. </em>Also be aware of associated cliches: <em>sweeping reforms</em>,<em> tranche of reforms</em>,<em> raft of measures</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">refute</h3><p>It means “to prove something (a statement, theory, a charge) false or incorrect”. It does not mean “denied”, “rejected”, “disagreed with”, “dismissed”, “ridiculed” or “repudiated”. If we use “refute”, we are effectively accepting and endorsing one side of an argument.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">right wing, the right, right-wing politician, rightwinger, the Labor Party’s Right faction</h3><p>Note capitalisation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">roll over</h3><p>The term implies a certain motivation for the witness’s action, and may even suggest guilt. Be careful using it.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">roller-coaster, emotional roller-coaster</h3><p>Note the hyphens, avoid the cliche.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">round-up, round up</h3><p>We bring you a <em>round-up </em>(noun) of the news. We <em>round up </em>(verb) the news to bring you this round-up.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Royal Australian Air Force</h3><p>In first reference: <em>the Australian Air Force (RAAF).</em> In second and subsequent: <em>the RAAF, the Air Force.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">royal commissions, royal commissioners</h3><p>Use capitals when referring to the commission’s full name in the first reference: <em>the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</em>. In subsequent references: <em>the royal commission</em>, <em>the commission</em>, etc. If you’re using a shortened version of the name use lowercase: <em>the royal commission into child sexual abuse</em>. Plural forms should also be lowercase: <em>multiple royal commissions</em>.</p><p>Royal commission heads take ordinary honorifics (not <em>Judge </em>or <em>Justice</em>) and their job title is lower case: <em>Mr Hayne took issue with Ms Perkovic’s non-answer</em> … <em>the commissioner said.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Russian roulette</h3><p>First word only is capitalised.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">S</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">S&P 500</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">saccharin, saccharine</h3><p><em>Saccharin </em>in reference to the artificial sweetener. But <em>saccharine </em>for the adjective meaning ‘of a sugary sweetness’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Sahara</h3><p>Arabic word meaning desert, so no need for <em>Sahara desert.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">said</h3><p>Preferred over added, commented, stated etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Saint, St</h3><p>Spell out in full for a saint’s name: <em>Saint Joan of Arc</em>. For placenames, abbreviate: <em>St Stephen’s Cathedral. </em>Note: no full stop.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">same, similar</h3><p>The words “same” and “similar” are similar but not the same. They are sometimes treated as if they are synonymous: “There were six people killed in Western Australia and a similar number in Queensland.” If six were killed in Queensland, then it’s the “same” as the number killed in Western Australia.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">same-sex marriage</h3><p>Preferred in most contexts to alternatives <em>gay marriage </em>or <em>marriage equality</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Samoa</h3><p>Formerly Western Samoa. Not to be confused with American Samoa.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">SAS</h3><p>Special forces regiment of the Australian Army. Technically it is the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) but more commonly known as SAS, so we stick with that.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Scandinavia</h3><p>Sweden, Denmark and Norway … not Finland or Iceland. If you add Finland and Iceland to the Scandinavian countries, you are talking about the Nordic countries.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">sceptic, sceptical</h3><p>Note: the Australian Skeptics Association, and similar state-based organisations, retain the American spelling.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">schizophrenia, schizophrenic</h3><p>Avoid using the word in colloquial or figurative senses. It can be distressing to those living with this illness, and their families.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">scientific names</h3><p>Biological names take italics. Upper case genus, lower case species: <em>Homo sapiens</em>, <em>Tyrannosaurus rex.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Sea Shepherd</h3><p>The conservation group is called Sea Shepherd. They use various vessels in their anti-whaling activities, including the <em>Steve Irwin</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">seas, oceans</h3><p>Generally, <em>sea </em>refers to any of the salt waters that cover the Earth. Upper case when being specific: <em>the Black Sea</em>, <em>the Pacific Ocean</em> etc. By contrast, ocean refers solely to the vast body of salt water that covers three-quarters of the Earth, and is divided up into five constituent parts: <em>the Atlantic</em>, <em>Pacific</em>, <em>Indian</em>, <em>Arctic</em> and <em>Antarctic</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">secondary, second</h3><p>a secondary infection (like an ear infection following on from the primary infection of a cold), secondary education (following on from primary education). But a second heart attack, a second cold (suffering the same illness again).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">secretary-general</h3><p>Also director-general, vice-chancellor, vice-president — all take a hyphen.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">self-isolation, social distancing, physical distancing</h3><p>These terms are often used interchangeably to refer to measures designed to slow the spread of viral transmission. Where relevant, explain what is meant by each (see note at <strong>quarantine, isolation</strong>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Senate, House of Representatives</h3><p>Upper case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">September 11</h3><p>9/11 is also acceptable</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">set to</h3><p>If something is going to happen, “will” is better. Often the “set” can also be removed, especially in headlines. So: g<em>overnment set to release budget </em>in a headline could simply become <em>Government to release budget. </em>The following story would then simply say “The Government <em>will </em>release…”</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">sewage, sewerage</h3><p>sewage is the raw material that may be carried by pipes and treated in plants which together are called sewerage systems. So it’s a sewage treatment plant but a sewerage system.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">sex change, sex change operation</h3><p>Avoid. Some alternatives: <em>sex reassignment surgery</em>, <em>gender confirmation surgery</em>. In general, avoid emphasising the role of surgery in the gender transition process. See <strong>gender transition</strong>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Al Shabaab</h3><p>African terrorism group. Not Shebab.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Shadow Minister, Shadow Ministers</h3><p>While not an official title, Shadow Minister is a common term and is almost always used for certain roles: <em>Shadow Attorney General</em> or <em>Shadow Treasurer.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">shark attack</h3><p>An imprecise and potentially misleading term, best used to describe serious or fatal shark bites. For less serious interactions, consider <em>shark sighting</em> or similar.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Shen Neng 1</h3><p>Not Shen Neng One. The Chinese coal-carrier that ran aground off Rockhampton uses the numeral in its name, not the word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ships</h3><p>Military vessels of any nation take this form: <em>HMAS Adelaide</em>; <em>USS Kitty Hawk</em>. HMAS stands for Her Majesty’s Australian Ship so you do not need to put <em>the</em> before the vessel’s name. Refer to ships, aircraft, and other vehicles with neuter, not female, pronouns: <em>the Ever Given didn’t look like it was going anywhere</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">simplistic</h3><p>This word is not a fancy synonym for “simple”. It means oversimplified. Be careful how you use it because it has negative connotations. There’s a big difference between a simple explanation and a simplistic explanation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">singular, plural</h3><p>Take care your copy does not mix up singulars and plurals. General points:</p><ul class="ContentAlignment_marginBottom__4H_6E ContentAlignment_overflowVisible__N2zKU List_unordered__yNZx8" data-component="List" role="list"><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>A singular subject takes a singular verb: <em>the murderer was sentenced to 46 years.</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Plural subjects take a plural verb: <em>women have 42 per cent less superannuation at retirement.</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Two linked singular subjects generally require a plural verb: <em>Lano and Woodley are reuniting.</em></li><li class="" data-component="ListItem"><span class="ListItem_bullet__cfb02 ListItem_square__fOyp0"></span>Groups, communities and governments are generally singular, unless they have a plural name: <em>the Coalition is</em> <em>maintaining its tough stance on border protection, the Brisbane Bullets are maintaining their lead.</em></li></ul><p>Some collective nouns may be used with singular or plural verbs depending on what best suits the situation. See the entry for <strong>collective nouns </strong>for more.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">skyscraper</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">slander</h3><p>In common usage, slander is spoken defamation, libel is printed or broadcast. In legal terms, however, both constitute defamation: libel is published defamatory comments, while slander is not.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">snapshot</h3><p>snapshot of, not into</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Solomon Islands, Solomons</h3><p>Take care: there’s no definite article in the country’s name. Sometimes speakers use one informally (<em>the Solomons</em>, <em>the Solomon Islands</em>). But avoid it in news reports, etc. Note the lack of apostrophe.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Somali, Somalian</h3><p>Use <em>Somali</em>, not <em>Somalian</em>, as a modifier: <em>Somali refugees have settled in West Heidelberg since 1982</em>, <em>Thousands of Somalis gathered to pray at the site of the country’s deadliest attack.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">South East Queensland, south-east Queensland</h3><p>Upper case for the administrative region: <em>Tamborine Mountain is not connected to South East Queensland’s water grid</em>. Lower case and hyphen in geographical reference: <em>a number of severe storm cells formed in south-east Queensland</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Speaker</h3><p>Upper case in reference to parliamentary office holder.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">specialise, specialist, speciality</h3><p>be a specialist <em>in</em> a particular field (not on). Specialise<em> in</em> something.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">spectre, Spector</h3><p>a spectre is a ghostly apparition. Phil Spector is the American record producer and songwriter. (And this error from one of our music experts. Shame!)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">spelled, spelt</h3><p>He spelled it out for us.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">spokesman, spokeswoman</h3><p>If it’s a stated preference, though, use <em>spokesperson.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">sports teams</h3><p>Names in plain text: Melbourne Victory, Fremantle Dockers, Silver Ferns, and so on.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Spring Racing Carnival</h3><p>Is capped because it is the official name of the string of events.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">stages, phases, games, tiers</h3><p>Lower case and decimal number: <em>stage 3 cancer</em>, <em>phase 2 of the vaccine rollout</em>, <em>new stage 1 restrictions on social gatherings</em>,<em> tier 1 exposure site</em>, <em>game 3 of the series.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Standard & Poor’s</h3><p>A rare case of ampersand inclusion.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">standby, stand by</h3><p>an old standby, but stand by your man, and stand by for updates</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">start-up, start up</h3><p>Former is the noun, the latter the phrasal verb.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">state, states</h3><p>Don’t capitalise in generic reference to Australian states: <em>state funding</em>, <em>state premiers</em>. Preferred acronyms for Australian states and territories: <em>ACT, NSW, NT, SA, WA, Qld, Tas, Vic</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">stationary</h3><p>not moving</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">stationery</h3><p>pens and paper</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">sterling</h3><p>Not <em>stirling.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">still life, still lifes</h3><p>Not <em>still lives.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">storyteller</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">straits, Strait</h3><p>A bad situation is <em>dire straits</em>, a body of water is the <em>Torres Strait</em>, reformed criminals are on the <em>straight and narrow</em>. The band is <em>Dire Straits</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">stock market</h3><p>Two words.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Stolen Generations</h3><p>Not Stolen Generation. Should be capped.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">subcontinent</h3><p>One word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">submarine</h3><p>Submarines cannot be <em>grounded</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">subsequent</h3><p>Watch out for tautologies like this one: <em>Since the subsequent crackdown that followed, signs of dissent and street demonstrations are a rarity.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Sudoku</h3><p>Note the capital S.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">suffer</h3><p>Cars, buildings and other inanimate objects don’t feel pain. They have been <em>damaged</em>, they have not <em>suffered damage</em>. People can be hurt or injured, but do not let them <em>sustain injuries</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">suffer from, suffers from</h3><p>Generally, avoid in reference to diseases or disorders e.g. <em>she suffers from depression</em>. The phrase can cause undue offence and take up valuable time in broadcast copy. Besides, what’s wrong with <em>has</em>?</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">suicide, commit suicide</h3><p>Avoid the phrase <em>committed suicide. </em>Other terms are readily available: <em>killed himself</em>, <em>took their own life</em>, etc. Advice on how to report on suicides, the language to use and the amount of detail that is justified depending on the circumstances can all be found in the ABC’s <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/suicide-and-self-harm/" data-component="Link">guidance note</a> on the subject.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">summonsed, summoned</h3><p>You can be <em>summonsed</em> to appear in court, but you would be <em>summoned</em> to the boss’s office.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">the Sun, the Moon</h3><p>Upper case in astronomical reference to the star at the centre of our Solar System, or to our planet’s only natural satellite: <em>the closest photos ever taken of the Sun’s surface</em>, <em>the Moon’s first 4G network</em>. Lower case in reference to other suns or moons, or in general reference: <em>she’s over the moon</em>, <em>the sun slowly set</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">superlatives</h3><p>Careful with these: as soon as you report that something is the biggest or the worst, it’s likely someone will come along to claim otherwise. Avoid using words you think add impact where they are unjustified or unnecessary. Here’s a handy list: <em>unique, unmatched, unprecedented, sole, exceptional, only, greatest, largest, fastest, heaviest, longest, smallest, record, slowest, tallest, matchless, exclusive, least, most, inimitable, irreplaceable.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">swear words, coarse language, slurs</h3><p>Per the ABC’s <a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/7-harm-and-offence/" data-component="Link">editorial standards</a>, content that is likely to harm or offend must be justified by the context in which it appears. If coarse language is likely to cause harm or offence, language warnings must generally be provided. Use common sense: isolated swearing in a lengthy news feature, for example, would generally be less likely to cause offence than that same coarse language used in children’s programming.</p><p>Use asterisks to blur out harsh language in any public-facing fields such as titles and teaser titles: <em>Don’t F*** With Cats raises uncomfortable questions, victim tells court ‘no means f***ing no’</em>. In body copy, either asterisk out any coarse language or provide a language warning as needed.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">symbols</h3><p>Avoid using symbols (such as @ and &) unless they’re a recognised part of a trademark or title.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">T</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, Republic of China</h3><p>Generally, use <em>Taiwan </em>and <em>Taiwanese </em>when referring to the government based on the island or to people from the island: <em>Xi had Taiwan on his mind</em>, <em>Taiwanese voters head to the mid-terms</em>. Use <em>Chinese Taipei </em>to refer to the official name of a Taiwanese delegation, usually in sporting contexts: <em>Chinese Taipei was one of just three Asian teams to qualify</em>. Use the official name where precision requires it: <em>Taiwan’s presidential office said the Republic of China — the island’s official name — was a sovereign and independent country.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Tarin Kot</h3><p>The capital of Uruzgan (also written ‘Oruzgan’) province in southern Afghanistan. The town where Australian troops were based. The ADF changed the spelling to Tarin Kot in 2011, and this is now recommended for ABC use.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">taser</h3><p>Taser is an acronym for Thomas A Swift’s Electric Rifle, but as its usage has become more common, a capital T is no longer required. Also, t<em>aser, tasered, tasering </em>is the preferred verb form (over <em>tase</em>).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Tasmania</h3><p>When abbreviating: <em>Tas. </em>The hypocorism <em>Tassie </em>should be avoided in most formal settings.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tautology</h3><p>Means saying the same thing twice using different words: <em>closing the case means it won’t be re-examined again. </em>Either <em>re-examined</em> or <em>examined again. </em>Not both.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tea-tree</h3><p>but teacup, teabag, teapot, teaspoon</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">temperature</h3><p>Upper case and spelled out in first reference: <em>34 degrees Celsius. </em>Thereafter, number and upper case C, no space: <em>34C</em>. Temperatures are <em>high </em>or <em>low</em>. The weather, or climate more generally, is <em>hot</em> or <em>cold</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tenet</h3><p>Nothing to do with tenants, please.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tenpin bowling</h3><p>Tenpin is one word.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tenses</h3><p>Writing for online</p><p>In news articles, your teaser text and short teaser text should be in present tense. The first paragraph should also be in an active tense. The rest of the story should be in the past tense, unless specifically referencing ongoing or future events.</p><p>Whatever tense you are using, ensure you are consistent. If you start in the past tense, continue in the past tense. Avoid the following:</p><p><em>The businessman announced plans to re-enter the political arena and says he will consider running against the MP for Herbert</em>.</p><p>If you are writing a personal essay or a feature, the present tense is fine. But again, be consistent within sentences.</p><p>For radio news and other broadcast</p><p>In some broadcast formats (notably radio news) the preferred style is to use the present tense for stories.</p><p><em>The Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, says he does not know when the budget will be announced</em></p><p><em>Mr Turnbull says he is waiting to hear from the treasurer</em></p><p>That doesn’t mean we avoid the past tense, which is useful when referring to — shock horror — actions that have taken place in the past but at worth mentioning in a current story.</p><p><em>At a conference in Canberra, Mr Turnbull said Australia and Malaysia “are becoming better friends.”</em></p><p>Keep tenses the same within the same sentence:</p><p><em>She says she is happy with the outcome </em>not <em>She says she was happy with the outcome.</em></p><p>Here’s a few more tips: <em>led</em> is the past tense of the verb lead: Phrases like <em>he lead the team to victory</em> appear all too often.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tenterhooks</h3><p><em>on tenterhooks</em> (not tender hooks)</p><p>The origin of the word comes from the 14th century, when cloth makers would use hooks to stretch out cloth on a frame called a ‘tenter’. Bet you didn’t know that.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">territory, territories</h3><p>No capital except when referring to specific formal locations: <em>Northern Territory</em>, <em>Australian Capital Territory, the Australian Antarctic Territory</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Test</h3><p>Upper case when talking about sporting matches in cricket, rugby, netball and other sports: <em>the first Test between Australia and England</em>, <em>Bradman retired with a Test average of 99.94</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">that</h3><p><em>That </em>is optional in many contexts in English, but don’t omit it if it sacrifices clarity for brevity, as in this example:</p><p><em>Liberian Health Minister Carmen Jones says 300 civilians have been killed in intense fighting in the capital, warning the health services in Monrovia need urgent attention.</em></p><p>At first glance, <em>the health services</em> appears to be the direct object of the verb <em>warning </em>— that is, Ms Jones issued a warning to the health services.</p><p>In this case, putting <em>that</em> after <em>warning</em> would have made the meaning immediately clear.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">the, The</h3><p>The definite article takes a capital when it is part of an official title: <em>The Australian</em>, <em>The Science Show</em>. Not all organisations include <em>the </em>in their title and, as such, don’t take a capital letter: <em>the West Australian Symphony Orchestra</em>, <em>the Sydney Writers’ Festival</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">there’s, there is, there are</h3><p>In informal speech, using <em>there’s </em>with a plural referent is common and acceptable: <em>there’s lots of flowering gums out at the moment</em>. Avoid this use in more formal contexts, including news copy: <em>There have been reports of looting.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">thermos</h3><p>a trademark for a particular brand of vacuum flask, but so commonly used as a generic term these days that there is no longer any need to capitalise</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">they</h3><p>using ‘they’ to avoid s/he or ‘he or she’ in gender-sensitive writing is accepted, even when you’re referring to one person.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">thin end of the wedge</h3><p>not thin <em>edge</em> of the wedge</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">think tank</h3><p>no hyphen</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Third World</h3><p>Traditionally (since the 1950’s) this has referred to developing countries collectively, especially in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. However, this term has increasingly been seen by many as derogatory, and even its replacement (<em>developing countries or nations) </em>is not without some baggage.</p><p>Less contentious alternatives can include <em>developing economies</em>, <em>low or lower income countries</em> or, less commonly, <em>lean economies</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">thirtysomething, twentysomething</h3><p>one word, but 30-something, 40-something hyphenated</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">thousands</h3><p>news feeds traditionally spell out thousand numbers as ’30 thousand’ for extra clarity. This is useful for a radio script but should be re-written for online publication as 30,000.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">throes</h3><p>…the Obama administration is in the final throes of deciding… not <em>throws</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tidal wave, tsunami</h3><p>A <em>tidal wave</em> is a large wave caused by the combination of floods and high tides etc, usually caused by a hurricane or cyclone. A <em>tsunami</em> is a large sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. Both expressions can be used figuratively to refer to an overwhelmingly widespread or powerful movement or reaction.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (general)</h3><p>Most people get courtesy titles (Mr, Ms, Mrs, Dr, etc) in news stories. Exceptions to this are: athletes, entertainers, minors, obituary subjects, historical figures, chefs, models, journalists, spies, artists, musicians, filmmakers, anyone found guilty of a crime, anyone who pleads guilty to a crime, and terrorists. Courtesy titles never take a full stop.</p><p>In first reference, use the person’s first name and surname without a title<em>. </em>On subsequent reference, use the courtesy title and their surname: <em>Investment banker Harriet Morgan previously led investment missions to Spain. Ms Morgan said. </em>Unless someone specifically asks to be called <em>Miss</em> or <em>Mrs,</em> our style is <em>Ms</em>. (Though use common sense: if the subject of your story is a grandmother celebrating a diamond wedding anniversary, <em>Mrs </em>is a safe bet.)</p><p>Do not use courtesy titles in less formal types of coverage, including features and analysis. If omitting a courtesy title runs counter to the overall tone of a story (e.g. an athlete charged before a court), leave the title in. Some people use gender-neutral or non-binary courtesy titles, such as <em>Mx.</em> Follow a person’s wish in using these titles, though in some instances it may be necessary to explain them to your audience.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (government)</h3><p>Generally, politicians take get their full title on first reference, with courtesy titles for subsequent reference: <em>Prime Minister Anthony Albanese today announced… Mr Albanese said. </em>Senators have their own courtesy title to use on subsequent reference:<em> Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced… Senator Thorpe said</em>. The same principle holds for local government: <em>Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore today announced</em>… <em>Cr Moore said</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (medical and academic)</h3><p>Name and position description on first reference, courtesy title and surname on second and subsequent: <em>Andrew Jones is a general practitioner in Blackwater. Dr Jones says the town is worried about coronavirus</em>. Upper case <em>professor</em> when used as a courtesy title, but not when it isn’t: <em>UNSW economics professor David Miller said … Professor Miller explained</em>. Don’t abbreviate <em>Professor</em>. Associate and adjunct professorships do not confer the titles Professor or Associate Professor. Where possible, check the talent’s qualifications and use Dr if they have a relevant PhD.</p><p>Honorary doctorates do not usually confer the Dr title. A rule of thumb: if someone’s academic or medical status has no bearing on a story, they probably don’t need the courtesy title: <em>Through his Minderoo Foundation, Mr Forrest said he would provide $10 million to build a volunteer army of more than 1,200 people</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (law enforcement)</h3><p>Use title and full name in first reference:<em> Assistant Commissioner Kerry Andrews</em>. Title and surname in second and subsequent: <em>Assistant Commissioner Andrews. </em>Police titles do not get abbreviated (e.g. <em>Det, Sgt</em>). Avoid repeating wordy titles. <em>Detective </em>is a designation, not a rank, so <em>Detective Sergeant Mick Jones </em>can be <em>Sergeant Jones </em>on second reference. But use caution: referring to a <em>Senior Sergeant </em>as <em>Sergeant </em>is a demotion. Law enforcement ranks, and their progression, vary by state and territory. If in doubt, check with the relevant police force.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (military)</h3><p>Upper case military ranks only when they precede a name: <em>Lieutenant General John Frewen today announced…</em> <em>General Frewen said</em>. Lower case at other times: <em>Air Vice-Marshal Meredith today announced… the vice-marshal said… air vice-marshal is one of the highest active ranks of the Royal Australian Air Force</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">titles (orders of merit)</h3><p>Title and full name on first reference, title and first name subsequently: <em>Sir David Attenborough… Sir David</em>. Note that titles of this type are not required in sport or entertainment stories: <em>McCartney has said he wanted to continue performing with the Beatles, Verstappen overtook Hamilton on the last lap of the race.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">toe the line</h3><p>To behave according to the rules. Avoid: <em>tow the line</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">ton, tonne</h3><p>imperial unit of mass (ton) approximately 1016 kilograms; metric unit of mass (tonne) 1000 kilograms. There are adjustments to do with long or short tons in shipping but for general use, ton and tonne are very close.</p><p>Increasingly interchangeable in common usage, but strictly speaking the old imperial ton is pronounced ‘tun’ while the metric tonne is pronounced ‘ton’. For general colloquial references (there are a ton of things to do) the preferred pronunciation is ‘tun’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">top-level, high-level</h3><p>Don’t overdo them. Speaking in the same bulletin of “top-level Middle East talks” and “top-level talks over the future of Cottesloe Beach” will strike some listeners as silly.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tort, torte</h3><p><em>Tort </em>is legal term referring to a civil injury rather than a criminal wrong. A <em>torte</em> is a cake, usually a highly decorated one.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">traditional owners</h3><p>Lower case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">trans woman, trans man</h3><p>While in use, these terms may require a degree of explanation for audiences. Consider unabbreviated forms where appropriate: <em>transgender women</em>, <em>transgender men</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">transcripts</h3><p>Provide an accurate transcript of interview grabs and voice reports. Producers need transcripts to sub a new version of a story and make editorial assessments when compiling bulletins. Online requires transcripts to prepare its stories, including to obtain direct quotes. “In” and “out” words are sufficient if a story is being prepared close to bulletin time, but it is the reporter’s responsibility to get the transcript into iNews as soon as possible. Voice-reports filed from the field must also be transcribed – radio producers and assignment editors are responsible for vetting voice reports to ensure transcripts are completed.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">transgender</h3><p>Use as an adjective when relevant to a story: <em>Ricki Coughlan was one of the first out transgender women in Australian sport. </em>Do not use as a noun. Fine to abbreviate in subsequent reference, headlines, or less formal pieces: <em>Perth has a strong trans men culture</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">transsexual</h3><p>While still preferred by some individuals, do not use the former as an umbrella term or in place of <em>transgender</em>. See the entry <strong>LGBT</strong> for more information.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">triple-A</h3><p>Not AAA</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">triple-0</h3><p>Written style for the emergency phone number.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">troop</h3><p>In its general meaning as an assemblage of persons or things it can be used as a singular noun, but in military usage it is far more common and accepted to use it in the plural: <em>Australian troops</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">trouper, trooper</h3><p>A <em>trouper</em> is an actor in a theatrical troupe or someone who shows great devotion to duty. Hence the expression: <em>what a trouper</em>. A trooper is a soldier, responsible for a different expression: <em><strong>swear like a trooper.</strong></em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">trucker, truckie</h3><p>The former is an Americanism, best avoided in Australian stories. The latter is a colloquial shortening of <em>truck driver</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Türkiye, Turkey</h3><p>As of May 2022, the country’s official English name is <em>Türkiye</em>. Preference that spelling wherever possible. It may be necessary to explain the change.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">turnaround</h3><p>one word, as in ‘signs of a turnaround’</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">turnover, turn over</h3><p><em>The team racked up 20 turnovers</em> (noun), but <em>he has promised to turn over a new leaf</em> (verb).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Twenty20 cricket</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">type 1, type 2</h3><p>In reference to diabetes.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Twitter</h3><p>Upper case for the company and social network: <em>Twitter</em>. But lower case: <em>tweets</em>, <em>tweeting, tweeted, </em>etc<em>.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">tyre</h3><p>(American spelling is tire)</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">U</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Ukraine, Ukrainian names</h3><p>For the country: <em>Ukraine</em>, not <em>the Ukraine</em>. Use Ukrainian romanisations for place names from that country: <em>Kyiv</em>, <em>Lviv</em>, <em>Odesa</em>, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Uluru</h3><p>Officially gazetted as Uluru / Ayers Rock, though fine to use <em>Uluru </em>in all references. Avoid <em>Ayer’s Rock </em>unless in the context of specific historical reference.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">uncharted, unchartered</h3><p>Be aware of the difference. One is a metaphor for anything new, untried or unfamiliar: <em>uncharted waters</em>. <em>Unchartered waters</em>, by contrast, means a place your charter plane can’t reach. Avoid.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">uneducated</h3><p>Considered pejorative when when referring to individuals. Consider <em>no formal education.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">UNESCO</h3><p>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">uninterested</h3><p>Having or showing no feeling of interest; indifferent; not synonymous with <em>disinterested</em>, which means unbiased by personal involvement or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">unions</h3><p>Spell out the full name in the first reference, with the acronym in brackets, then just use the acronym: <em>Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). </em>Our style is to drop possessive apostrophes: <em>Workers Union.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">union bosses</h3><p>Considered by many to be politically loaded and too colloquial. Consider <em>union leader</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">United Nations, UN</h3><p>Write out in full in first reference. The abbreviated form, <em>UN</em>, can be used in headlines. Hyphens and lower case: <em>UN secretary-general. </em>But: <em>UN General Assembly </em>and <em>UN Security Council</em> takes capitals and aren’t hyphenated. The UNHCR is the <em>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</em>, not the <em>High Commission</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">United States</h3><p>It is acceptable to say <em>the US</em>. The abbreviation of United States, is either <em>US</em> or <em>USA</em>. <em>America</em> is also acceptable but think about context — <em>the Americas </em>also include South America, Central America, Canada etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">universities</h3><p>Cap the full name but lower case in second reference: <em>I attended the Queensland University of Technology. The university employed great lecturers</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">unprecedented</h3><p>Avoid as a general descriptor, especially in relation to extreme weather e.g. <em>Tasmania’s unprecedented fires</em>, <em>unprecedented flooding in Townsville</em>. Be specific, tell the audience what is unprecedented: is it the size? The number of fires?</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">upper house, lower house</h3><p>Lower case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">user-generated content, UGC</h3><p>Spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets, then abbreviate in subsequent reference: <em>user-generated content (UGC)</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">UX, UI</h3><p>Abbreviated forms of <em>user experience </em>and <em>user interface</em>. A bit jargon-y, but if you must use, spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Uyghur</h3><p>Preferred spelling for the Turkic ethnic group. Not <em>Uighur, Uygur, Uighuir, Uiguir, Uigur, Weiwuer</em>, etc.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">V</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vale</h3><p>Often used in the Latin sense — meaning goodbye or farewell — after the death of a prominent figure.</p><p>If that’s the sense you mean, <em>VAH-lay </em>is the appropriate (and, in broadcast, least ambiguous) pronunciation.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Valium</h3><p>Upper case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vapour</h3><p>But <em>vaporise</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Vaseline</h3><p>Upper case.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">versus, vs</h3><p>Australia vs Germany, Labor vs Liberal, etc.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Viagra</h3><p>Cap. It is a trademark of a drug, sildenafil citrate, used to treat sexual impotence</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Vietnamese names</h3><p>Often consist of two to four parts. Generally, the family name comes first, then the middle name, then the given name: <em>Nguyễn Phú Trọng</em>. Because there are relatively few Vietnamese surnames, given names are conventionally used in second and subsequent reference: <em>Trần Nguyệt Linh … Ms Linh</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vice-chancellor</h3><p>vice-president, vice-regent, vice-chair</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vice-regal representative</h3><p>The word “vice-regal” means “of or relating to a governor or governor-general”. It is an adjective, which means that it should be used to modify a noun (such as “representative”). In stories it shouldn’t be used as a noun because it can sound too casual or even dismissive. Instead of “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal”, say “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal representative.”</p><p>We often and wrongly refer to the Governor-General as Australia’s “Head of State”. The Governor-General is not the Head of State, but the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vice versa</h3><p>Not <em>visa versa</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vie, vying</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">vis-a-vis</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">volcano, volcanos OR volcanoes</h3><p>either form of the plural is technically correct, but ‘volcanoes’ is the more familiar, the more often used and the clearer indication of pronunciation, so it is also our preferred form.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">W</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">waiver, waver</h3><p>A <em>waiver </em>is an intentional relinquishment of some right or interest (or, commonly, a document of same). To <em>waver</em> means to move unsteadily back and forth, or to exhibit indecision</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wage war</h3><p>The accepted phrase is <em>wage war</em> and other constructs (<em>wage battle</em>) can sound awkward.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">warnings</h3><p>There may be occasions when, for valid editorial reasons, we will broadcast material – words, sounds or images – that will disturb, distress or offend some people. Warnings should be broadcast immediately before the relevant program or program segment.</p><p>The style is: <em>The following story contains disturbing/distressing images</em>; <em>The following story contains language/images which may offend some viewers/listeners</em>” (acknowledges that matters of taste are more subjective).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wars</h3><p>Capped, Roman numerals: <em>World War I, World War II, World War III</em>. Avoid abbreviated forms unless you need them in space constrained environs (e.g. online news headlines).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">weather</h3><p>Temperatures</p><p>Round off temperatures to the nearest whole degree. Few people can tell the difference between a fraction of a degree and these fractions add no value to our audience. One exception is if a location is very near to setting a temperature record.</p><p>Glossary of weather terms</p><p>The Bureau of Meteorology Website provides comprehensive information about weather, climate, forecasts and its operations.</p><p><a class="Link_link__5eL5m ScreenReaderOnly_srLinkHint__OysWz Link_showVisited__C1Fea Link_showFocus__ALyv2" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml" data-component="Link">http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml</a></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">website addresses</h3><p>In broadcast, there is generally no need to say <em>W W W</em> or preface information about websites with any further explanation. All that is needed is <em>online at abc.net.au</em> or similar.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wedge</h3><p>thin <em>end </em>of the wedge, not <em>edge</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Weight Watchers</h3><p>trademark, so capitalise</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">well known, better known, best known</h3><p>he’s well known for his wit, better known for his temper but best known for his flower arranging. We sometimes write ‘most well known’, which is not the best usage.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wellbeing</h3><p>one word, no hyphen</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">west, the West</h3><p>Upper case in referring to countries, regions, or institutions: <em>Western Australia</em>, <em>the</em> West,<em> Western Sydney. </em>Lower case for the cardinal direction or generic reference: <em>the MP faces a contest in the marginal seat of Hindmarsh in western Adelaide</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">West Jerusalem</h3><p>We also cap East Jerusalem.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Western Australia</h3><p>In reference to the name of the state. Do not call the state <em>West Australia</em>. To refer to someone from this state: <em>a West Australian</em>, <em>a Western Australian</em>. Adjectival reference: <em>the Western Australia coast</em>, <em>the West Australian coast. </em>But not <em>Western Australian coast</em>. Exceptions for company names, as in <em>the West Australian Ballet </em>or <em>the West Australian</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wet market</h3><p>A market selling fresh meat, fish, or produce. Avoid outside of quotes. Not synonymous with <em>wildlife market</em>, where animals are sold as pets or for food.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wheelchair</h3><p>Not <em>wheelchair bound</em>, nor <em>confined to a wheelchair.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wherewithal</h3><p>One word, and one L.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">which or that, that or which</h3><p>A longstanding style convention holds that the relative pronoun <em>that </em>introduces restrictive clauses (i.e. parts of the sentence essential to a reader’s understanding) and <em>which </em>introduces non-restrictive clauses<em> </em>(i.e. parts of the sentence that are not). At times, this difference can be material. Compare the following:</p><p><em>the dagger that he had seen earlier was covered in blood</em></p><p><em>the dagger, which he had seen earlier, was covered in blood</em></p><p>The difference is often easier to spot in print, as non-restrictive clauses tend to be offset by parenthetical commas.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">while</h3><p>Not <em>whilst</em>, in everyday writing</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">whip</h3><p>Lower case. <em>Senate whip</em>, <em>she used a whip</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">whisky</h3><p>Most whiskies are <em>whisky</em>, which is certainly the case for Scottish whiskies. But in Ireland it is more typically <em>whiskey</em>, so if you are being specific, then check. Otherwise <em>whisky</em> is fine as the generic term.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">White Australia policy</h3><p>Note capitals.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">White House</h3><p>Never <em>Whitehouse,</em> when you mean the one in Washington, DC</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">whiz-kid … gee whiz … whizzing past</h3><p>but he’s a <em>wiz</em> at maths (short for wizard)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">who or whom?</h3><p>The traditional rule is that <em>who</em> should be used when the pronoun is in the subject case, and that <em>whom </em>should be used if the pronoun is in the object case. Despite this orthodoxy, <em>who </em>has been reliably appearing in places where we should logically expect to see <em>whom </em>for centuries, including some Shakespeare. Some usage guides advocate for <em>who </em>even in places where <em>whom </em>should appear, arguing the latter can come across as “stilted” or “super-formal”. This would suggest that the decision to use <em>whom </em>is a matter of formality, rather than correctness. But a rule of thumb for those who want to know: use <em>who </em>in place of <em>he</em>, <em>she</em>, or <em>they</em>. Use <em>whom </em>in place of <em>her</em>, <em>him</em>, or <em>it</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">who’s</h3><p>For the contraction of <em>who is</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">whose</h3><p>of, belonging, or relating to whom</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wicketkeeper</h3><p>one word, no hyphen</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Wii</h3><p>Nintendo game console.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">WikiLeaks</h3><p>It’s important to get that upper case L in <em>WikiLeaks.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wind speed</h3><p>Our written style:<em> 120 kph winds.</em></p><p>For informal broadcasts, <em>120 kilometre winds </em>is acceptable. Just don’t write it online.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">woman, female</h3><p>Use female as an adjective:<em> Gina Haspel is the CIA’s first female director. (</em>Not <em>first woman director</em>.) Where gender isn’t relevant to the story, it needn’t be mentioned.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">working class</h3><p>No hyphen when used as a noun: <em>the working class</em>. Hyphen when used as an adjective: <em>from a working-class family</em>. Can be viewed as pejorative, so take care. The Jimmy Barnes song is <em>Working Class Man</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">worse, worst</h3><p>Remember the scale of badness: bad, worse (comparative), worst (superlative). The headline ‘Pakistan’s children worse hit by floods’ is wrong. Here we need the superlative: <em>Pakistan’s children worst hit by floods</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wounded, injured</h3><p>A soldier is <em>wounded</em> if they are hurt in battle. A soldier is <em>injured</em> if they’re hurt in an accident (even if on the way to an operation).</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">wrack or rack?</h3><p>Mostly uncontroversial outside idiomatic use. While the Macquarie lists both <em>wrack and ruin </em>and <em>rack and ruin</em>, the latter tends to be more popular given its orthographic alliteration. For verb senses, as in <em>rack your brains </em>or <em>racked with pain</em>, the rhotic spelling is the one usually given by dictionaries.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">writers’ festivals</h3><p>Always check whether a festival’s title includes an apostrophe: <em>Sydney Writers’ Festival, Perth Writers Festival, Melbourne Writers Festival</em>, etc. Never a <em>writer’s</em> festival, because that would be a festival for only one writer.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">WWF</h3><p>WWF stands for <em>World Wide Fund for Nature</em>. It was originally known as the <em>World Wildlife Fund</em>, but in 1986 it was changed to highlight the full scope of its work. However, the United States and Canada still retain the old name.</p><p>Not to be confused with the <em>World Wrestling Federation</em>, which changed its name many years ago to <em>WWE</em> (World Wrestling Entertainment).</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">X</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">x-ray</h3><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Xbox</h3><p>Microsoft game console</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Xerox</h3><p>trademark, so capitalise. Also, ‘copy’ usually works better unless you are being quite specific. Who ‘xeroxes’ anymore? It has gone the way of the ‘gestetner’.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Xmas</h3><p>Best to avoid. Use Christmas instead</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Y</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Yankunytjatjara</h3><p>Western Desert Aboriginal language group and people.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">years, grades</h3><p>Lower case and decimal number: <em>year 10 camp</em>, <em>grade 6</em>. But upper case for <em>Year 12 Certificate</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">yesterday</h3><p>With foreign stories for broadcast, make clear which today or yesterday you mean: theirs or ours?</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">you’re, your</h3><p><em>You’re</em> is the contraction of <em>you are.</em></p><p><em>Your</em> is the possessive form of <em>you</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">YouGov</h3><p>UK opinion poll.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">YouTube</h3><p>Capital Y and capital T, all one word.</p><h2 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile24__GzKLB Typography_sizeDesktop32__LR_G6 Typography_lineHeightMobile32__IFQbj Typography_lineHeightDesktop40__BuoRf Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Z</h2><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">Zedong, Mao</h3><p>Formerly <em>Mao Tse Tung, </em>this is now the preferred spelling.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">zero</h3><p>zeros (plural)</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">zeugma</h3><p>A general term for a literary device in which a word (usually a verb) is made to relate to other words (usually nouns or adjectives). Common enough in literature, a recent unintended example found its way into a news bulletin: <em>the assault was distressing for Mr Dabousi, who suffers from dementia as well as his family.</em></p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">zhoosh</h3><p>Slang loosely meaning to make yourself look fabulous: <em>zhoosh your hair</em>,<em> zhoosh yourself up</em>.</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">zigzag</h3><p>One word</p><h3 class="Typography_base__sj2RP Heading_heading__VGa5B Typography_sizeMobile20__NUDn4 Typography_sizeDesktop24__mJJ8n Typography_lineHeightMobile24__crkfh Typography_lineHeightDesktop32__ceKem Typography_marginBottomMobileSmall__6wx7m Typography_marginBottomDesktopSmall__CboX4 Typography_black__9qnZ1 Typography_colourInherit__dfnUx Typography_normalise__u5o1s" data-component="Heading">zoo</h3><p><em>Taronga Zoo</em>, <em>zoo</em> in second reference.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-component="Container" class="Container_container__ATkiX Container_spacing-top-variant-back-to-top__um2h_ Container_spacing-bottom-variant-back-to-top__zZZ3b"><div class="Container_containerInner__l7OMQ Container_width-variant-standard__KROj4 Container_spacing-sides-variant-standard-mobile__ic07G 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If crediting, use don’t forget the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Joe Bloggs told the ABC’s AM program"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC’s AM program"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The national youth music service has no capitals unless starting a sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I grew up listening to"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple j"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some sub-brands take a capital on their modifier: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple j Unearthed"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Never lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Double J"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The main television channel is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC TV"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC1"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The streaming video service is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iview, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iView"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be mindful of over-branding. A sentence such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"watch the ABC Women’s Work series every Sunday on Weekend Breakfast "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can probably lose the acronym. More information on corporation branding can be found in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/know-the-abc/abc-brand-portal"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"our internal brand portal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abdicate, abrogate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both verbs refer to renouncing or relinquishing a right or power."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal, aboriginal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in all references to Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people, or to First Nations people of the US or Canada. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indigenous"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in reference to First Nations people or cultures. Avoid using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a noun. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aborigine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of quotes"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Where possible, describe people the way they wish to be described. This could be a specific community or language group: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Yuin woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Bundjalung elder"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It could be also more general: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Torres Strait Islander woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an Aboriginal man. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid regional descriptors "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"("}]},{"type":"text","content":"e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murri"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koori) "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless it’s a stated preference"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In collective reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations communities, Indigenous people"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. See entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Torres Strait Islanders are a distinct group and should not be described as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"TSIs"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For more information, consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/abc-indigenous-content/"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indigenous Content guidance note."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When referring to pro- or anti-abortion campaigners or protests, avoid the terms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-life"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-choice"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These labels are emotive. Instead of phrases like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-life supporter"}]},{"type":"text","content":", use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anti-abortion campaigner. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Instead of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-choice"}]},{"type":"text","content":", use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion rights"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion clinics"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abortion is generally not the only service provided by these clinics. In stories where the focus is not on abortion itself, consider a less emotive descriptor: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women’s health centres"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reproductive health centres"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"academic departments"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"department of history"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"department of economics"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (no capitals)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"accent marks, diacritical marks, non-English characters"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use accent or other diacritical marks in names where requested, or where such marks are in wide use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Barça"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Charlotte Brontë"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"La Niña"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not use accents for long-established loanwords in English: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cafe"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"facade"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If unsure, check a dictionary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acres"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use hectares. One hectare is 10,000 square metres or 2.47 acres."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acronym, initialisms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Limit the use of unfamiliar acronyms. If you need to use them, though, spell out in first reference and, from second reference, use the abbreviated form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A report was sent to the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) on 5 June 2014. The ACMA responded in late July. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Some acronyms are acceptable without explanation, in headlines and elsewhere. Use your judgement. Occasionally, a descriptive sentence is preferable to spelling out: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"football’s governing body FIFA, UN children’s agency UNICEF"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Purists maintain abbreviations pronounced as a word ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radar, NATO"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acronyms, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and abbreviations pronounced by letter ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"DPRK, CIA"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"initialisms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Usage has long been indifferent to this distinction, and some abbreviations ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"RAAF"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"actor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Default term for male and female members of the acting professions. Retain the gendered term for awards: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best actress"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best supporting actress"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acts, bills, white papers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"None of these need capitals, unless you’re using the official name of an act. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Title Act 1993"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the act was passed in 1993."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"active voice, passive voice"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In grammar, voice refers to the relationship between the verb, the subject, and the object of a sentence. In active constructions, the subject of the sentence carries out the action of the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia beat England at Lords. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In passive constructions, the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"England was beaten by Australia. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The passive voice is sometimes condemned on the grounds its use can mask the agent of an action or come across as bureaucratic or impersonal: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the sign was later"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"removed, it is felt the school should take action. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This criticism misses the point — the passive voice has its uses, especially in news copy. Recounting events is a common one, as is emphasising the effect of an action on the subject: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the hospital was bombed by Islamic State militants."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD, BC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD 1100, 45 BC, the first century AD, second century BC. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Note the space. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" remain the more familiar terms and are generally preferred over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CE "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BCE"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"admit, admits, admitted"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use sparingly, as it implies a hint of guilt or acknowledgement of wrongdoing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"adopted, adoption, surrogacy, surrogate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mention these (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"donor "}]},{"type":"text","content":"status) only when relevant. Say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biological mother and father "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"surrogate mother"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"birth mother. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"real mother or father."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AEDT, AEST"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AEDT stands for Australian Eastern Daylight Time, and is used when daylight saving is in force. AEST stands for Australian Eastern Standard Time, and is used when daylight saving is over. It is easy to get confused and think the S stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summer"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It doesn’t. It stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"standard"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Eastern Time. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For nearly six months of the year, east coast states do not share a uniform time zone."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affect, effect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Affect, as a verb, means to influence something or someone: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man was clearly affected by alcohol"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Effect, as a verb, means to bring about: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alcohol effected a change in his behaviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Effect, as a noun, means something produced by a cause or agent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alcohol can have a surprising effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affidavit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A written statement on oath, sworn to before an authorised official, often used as evidence in court proceedings. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sworn affidavit"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"afforestation, reforestation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not reafforestation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghan, Afghani"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghan. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The currency: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghani"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AFL "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" "}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though used to describe the sport as a whole, some prefer to limit this word’s meaning to the sport’s governing body and attendant national league: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the AFL today announced"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cockatoo hasn’t played AFL football since April"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the game of AFL"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. Refers to Americans of African descent. Not always interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":": the latter term encompasses a range of backgrounds (e.g. African-born American citizens, Americans of mixed heritage, Caribbean diasporas). Be specific where possible, and follow a person’s preference. If specific reference to a person’s background in an American context is required but you cannot determine a preference, prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"text","content":". See more at the entry for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African Australian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ghanaian Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sudanese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaans, Afrikaners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaans"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For the people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaners"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"after"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The preposition "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"after"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be ambiguous. Take the following sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A teenager was killed after a boating accident. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Was the boating accident the cause of death? Or a subsequent drowning? Often better to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"when "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"See also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"active voice, passive voice."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"age, ages"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia, anyone 18 or older is regarded as an adult by law. A person 18 or older should be called a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"man"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When describing people younger than 18: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boy, girl, teenager, children. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In generic reference to older Australians: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"older people, older Australians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be aware that generic descriptors relating to age can cause offence or be perceived as containing bias: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the geriatric man, the young senator"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aged care facility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though this term is in standard usage, there’s nothing wrong with using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aged care home"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These compounds are generally not hyphenated."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"agender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People who choose not to be defined by their gender. Many who identify this way prefer to use gender-neutral pronouns."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"agreement of person"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Subjects and verbs should agree in person and number. It’s not unusual to see some copy start in the third person only to switch to the first person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many Australians plant native trees in our gardens. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is incorrect, and should be: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many Australians plant native trees in their gardens."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aid, aide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Study aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aid and abet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hearing aid, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but an assistant is an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter survives in terms borrowed from French: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide-de-camp"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide-memoire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AIDS"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out as it has become common usage. People who carry the virus which can cause AIDS are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HIV-positive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but do not necessarily "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"have AIDS"}]},{"type":"text","content":". They can be described as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"having the AIDS virus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". People do not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"die of AIDS"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"from AIDS-related illnesses"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HIV virus, AIDS victims"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aircraft, aircraft carrier, airline, airport"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aerodrome"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeroplane"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeronautics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"air strikes"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Aircraft can normally be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"planes"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and certainly not in the official jargon of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fixed-wing aircraft"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plane"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is short for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeroplane"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"airplane. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"When an aircraft is forced to land we say that it (or the pilot) made an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emergency landing"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When an aircraft crashes do not try to soften the impact by saying it "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crash-landed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Air Force One"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aka, a.k.a., AKA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All are in use, though our preference is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aka"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"al-, el-, Arabic definite article"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The article in Arabic personal and place names can be romanised a variety of ways: where possible, check with your source. In situations where you cannot, a good option is generally to hyphenate and lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bashar al-Assad"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nouri al-Maliki"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Al Qaeda"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alibi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often used colloquially to refer to any kind of general excuse or explanation. Avoid this colloquialism in formal news contexts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"all right, alright"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both are acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"all together, altogether"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. The latter, an adverb, means wholly or entirely: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the laws should be scrapped altogether"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The former refers to parts achieving unison: to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it was a relief to see him put it all together on race day"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"allude to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to refer to indirectly. Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elude, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which means to escape or avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alt-right"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this term outside of direct quotes. For stories where its use is integral, clarify what is meant with a definition or examples."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alternate, alternative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In adjectival senses, broadly interchangeable: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an alternate solution"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alternate source of revenue"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Alzheimer’s disease"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the apostrophe and initial capital (named after Alois Alzheimer)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ambition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"realise"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fulfil"}]},{"type":"text","content":" a dream or an ambition; you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reach"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"achieve"}]},{"type":"text","content":" a goal — you can’t "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"achieve"}]},{"type":"text","content":" an ambition, even if you climb every mountain."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Inhabitants of both North and South America can theoretically be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":", although the term is most often used in reference to citizens of the United States. Canadians should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If you are referring just to the United States of America make sure, specify that in first reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American Indians, Native Americans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both terms are in use to describe Americans of Indigenous background. Prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for generic or collective reference; where possible, be specific for individuals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American spellings"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use American spellings for organisation or place names that contain them: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World Health Organization"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World Trade Center"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pearl Harbor"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"among, between"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usage depends on the number of people or things you are referring to. For example, an argument is “between” two people, but “among” three or more; a competition is “between” two teams, but “among” three or more. But it is appropriate to “choose between six kinds of jam”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amount, number"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The rule often stated is that amount refers to volume, and number to quantities: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a number of cows produced an amount of gas"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Like many such rules, it has no basis in usage or English grammar; its origin is likely personal preference. There is substantial evidence over time, from spontaneous speech to edited prose, that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amount "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be used with plural count nouns when the count noun is being conceived of as an aggregate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the amount of resources"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a large amount of drugs"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ampersand, \u0026"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid unless part of company name, trademark, or financial market."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"analyst"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a job description, it can be ambiguous. The audience is usually better off knowing who is saying something, and where they’re saying it from. If you’re reporting what a generally held view: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some financial market economists"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some political analysts"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ancestors, descendants"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ancestors are the people who came before you. Descendants will come after you."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"animals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, animals take the pronoun "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it "}]},{"type":"text","content":"over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Exceptions include named animals such as race horses, or stories where an animal’s sex is relevant. Generic animal names only take a capital when they contain proper nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmanian devils, yellow-footed rock wallaby."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anniversary"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anniversaries relate to yearly occurrences (a clue, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"annus, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is in the word’s etymology). Two tendencies infuriate pedants and are best avoided. The first is the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anniversary "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to mark spans of weeks or months: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six month anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"twelve month anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The second is using the word with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one year anniversary. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is tautological. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctica, the Antarctic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctica is the name of the continent within the Antarctic region."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"antenatal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means before birth. Take care not to confuse with anti-natal, a different thing entirely."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anti-vaccination, anti-vax, anti-vaxxer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care with such descriptors: community attitudes to vaccination are varied, outright rejection is generally a minority view. Focus on an individual’s actions, rather than labels: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cartwright has refused to take the flu vaccine ahead of the NRL season"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The NRL said its players"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"could be exempted in exceptional circumstances such as on religious, medical or conscientious grounds"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate, expect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many language critics hold that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate "}]},{"type":"text","content":"should not be used where "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is intended: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COAG leaders anticipate long day."}]},{"type":"text","content":" This is assuredly the etymological fallacy at work. Words can have more than one meaning at a time, and can shed (or grow) meanings with the passage of time. Probably the most that can be said here is that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" should not be used for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in the rare case where the difference would be material. Take the following headline: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police anticipate bikie violence. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Does that mean police think violence is likely, or that they’ve allocated resources to prepare for an imminent gang war? If, in such an instance, it’s the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"sense you mean, just say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"antiviral"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac, Anzac Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For general use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"celebrations"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac biscuits"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Anzac spirit."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Apostles Creed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No apostrophe."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab, Arabic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab "}]},{"type":"text","content":"modifies nouns, it generally refers to social or political constructs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab governments, Arab women, Arab leaders. Arabic, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a modifier, refers to specifically to the language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic speakers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic script, Arabic schools. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A final point: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab poetry"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would most likely be read as referring to poetic works written by Arab people (that is, not necessarily in Arabic)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab-Israeli"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While a common descriptor for Israeli citizens of Arab ethnicity, it is not universally adopted. Many object to this term, preferring alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian citizen of Israel"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian-Israeli"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Israeli"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Where possible, confirm with your talent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ARIAs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out the acronym, but say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ARIA Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference in the story (note: you need to cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"armed forces"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full names of military organisations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Army"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US Navy"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Royal Air Force"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the French"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Armée de l’Air"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Downcap in generic, plural and all other instances: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Scott Morrison will send in the army as Victoria’s bushfire crisis worsens"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US and Chinese navies are facing off in the Pacific"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"German air force pilot was killed during a training mission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arson, arsonist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care applying these terms to bushfires. In Australian law, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arson "}]},{"type":"text","content":"often has a specific legal meaning implying intention, recklessness, or property damage. Most jurisdictions have a separate crime for bushfire offences, which include unintentional lighting of fires. Avoid the salacious "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"firebug, pyro."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"artistic works"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No italics or quotes for book titles, film titles, play titles, poem titles, etc. But they do take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A Clockwork Orange, A Doll’s House"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Articles (the, a) and shorter conjunctions or prepositions (on, and) are usually not capped: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord of the Rings"}]},{"type":"text","content":". An exception is if they begin the title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"And Then There Were None"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asian Australian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tawainese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Filipino Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asia-Pacific"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Takes the hyphen in use such as ‘Asia-Pacific region’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aspirin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generic term, so no capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asteroid, meteor, meteorite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asteroid "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is any rocky body, usually orbiting the Sun. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteors "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are matter from outer space that become incandescent after entering the earth’s atmosphere. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteorites "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are rocks or other matter that have survived the bumpy trip to the earth’s surface."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assassin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Political and religious leaders, or the similarly conspicuous, are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assassinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The rest of us, sadly, are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"murdered"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seekers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to describe people who arrive in Australia (including Australian waters) without travel documents, claiming (or apparently claiming) refugee status. If authorities recognise a valid claim for protection, such people could be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refugees"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid inaccurate modifiers with the term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unlawful asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Under international law, anyone can apply for asylum."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"at about"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"attain"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not just a fancy synonym for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"obtain, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"this word implies the reach or achievement of something by continued effort. (The object is normally something immaterial, such as goals, ambitions or a position.) "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Obtain"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to get or acquire something — usually something tangible, often as a result of effort or a request. Usually it’s something tangible."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Attorney-General"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenated. We use capitals since it is effectively a ministerial title."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"auditor-general"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lower case"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"augur, auger"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"auger "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a hole-boring tool. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Augurs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are portents, omens, etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autism"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A variety of terms exist to describe people on the autism spectrum. These include, but are not limited to: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being autistic"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being a person with autism"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"having an autism spectrum disorder"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being on the autism spectrum"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Most autistic people prefer identity-first forms such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autistic person"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Your safest bet is to check with the person or people you’re describing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"average"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"normal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the average of a four-year-old is 106 centimetres."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"averse to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"adverse"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ayatollah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Iranian term for a Muslim teacher and lawyer who has great spiritual authority in a Shiite Muslim community. The Supreme Leader of Iran has the title Ayatollah. The term is not used in Sunni Islam."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"B"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bachelor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A bit old-school. Better to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unmarried man"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"single"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backburning, burn-off, burning-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable in emergency situations. Burning off (sometimes referred to as controlled burning) is the clearing of land before fire season by the use of fire. Backburning is a method of fire control, where an area in the path of an approaching fire is burned into or against the wind."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backflip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some commentators rail against the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backflip "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to mean a political reversal. Despite their chagrin, this sense is established in Australian English dictionaries and attested in edited newspaper sources as far back as the 1940s."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backup"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police call for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backup "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(noun) but you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"back up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb) to a door, or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"back up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb) your files."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bacteria"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bacteria is plural of bacterium. Never write "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the bacteria is"}]},{"type":"text","content":". While we’re here: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bacillus "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is singular. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bacilli"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is plural."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad rap"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Give someone a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad rap"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wrap up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the day’s news."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAFTAs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out the acronym, but say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAFTA Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference in the story. Cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bailout, bail out"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is the noun form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a $700 million bailout. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter is the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"somehow we are always ready to bail out farmers when they strike drought."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"band names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the definite article if part of the name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Beatles, The Who"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case if not: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rolling Stones"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not all bands take the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arctic Monkeys, Talking Heads"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Always check. Generally, bands are plural entities. So, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Talking Heads were rubbish last night"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Talking Heads was rubbish"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bandaid"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capitals and no hyphen in generic reference. In reference to the specific product: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Band-Aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In reference to the 1984 musical fundraising event, two separate words, capitalised: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Band Aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bank of Queensland, BOQ"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The shortened form is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOQ"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BoQ"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"barbecue"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not BBQ or barbeque."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"barometer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Figurative use is fine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"search histories can be used as a barometer of social awareness"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But avoid using in place of a word like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"indicator"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical dramas are a barometer of how an audience perceives the past"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"base jump"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A parachute jump from a structure such as a tall building, bridge, etc, as opposed to a jump from an aeroplane."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"basically"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often a superfluous word in news writing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bated breath"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not baited."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bazaar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A market, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bizarre "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is odd. The OMC smash hit is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"How Bizarre."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bee’s knees"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Just the one bee."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beg the question, begs the question"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This phrase comes to English from a (reportedly quite bad) translation of the Latin term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"petitio principii"}]},{"type":"text","content":", referring to a specific type of circular reasoning, where the premise of an argument assumes its conclusion. Nowadays, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beg the question "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is commonly used in a more literal sense: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The closure of [the Hazelwood power plant] begs the question: what will replace it? "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Both meanings are now considered acceptable, so take care not to confuse when using the term."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beggars description, beggars belief"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indescribable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behead"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In some contexts, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be more appropriate than a word than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decapitate. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"It refers to a deliberate action; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decapitation "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be accidental or have a non-human agent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bellwether"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bellweather"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Means a leader of opinion (literally a castrated ram with a bell around its neck, used to lead a flock of sheep). You asked!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the backbench, backbench colleagues"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbench"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbencher"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Berlin Wall"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the W."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bete noire"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Doesn’t need a circumflex."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"better, best"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Better"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the comparative of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"good"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the superlative. So it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the better"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of two choices, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the best"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of three or more. Never double the comparative — e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"more better "}]},{"type":"text","content":"— unless aiming for laughs."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"betting odds"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100-1, 10-1, etc. En rule, don’t hyphen, for spans of numbers."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"between you and me"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"between you and I."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biannual"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twice a year ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#_Hlk468192010"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biennial"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is every two years)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bible"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised when referring to one with the Old and New Testaments. Lower case for adjective or generic forms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biblical proportions"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the cricketer’s bible"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bible references"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Written like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mark 6:3, John 3:2–4"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Psalms 12:1–2"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Note the use of the en rule (not a hyphen)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bicentenary, bicentennial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"200th anniversary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biennial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Every two years (biannual is twice a year)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big Apple"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Needs caps when used as a nickname referring exclusively to New York."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billion"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means one thousand million, not one million million. When reading for broadcast, make sure to emphasise the b to distinguish "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":" from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"million"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A sound bite (a byte is a number of binary digits, or bits, usually 8)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BitTorrent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, capital B and T. It is a trademark."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black, Black"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use as a noun. In the Australian context, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is primarily an in-group term; be wary of its use outside quotes. The term can refer to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or to diaspora groups. In international use it often, though not exclusively, refers to African Americans. See further at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised and respelled variants are in increasing in-group use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blak"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These variants are tied to specific ideas of empowerment and reclamation, and should be respected where appropriate (e.g. direct quotes, feature writing). Umbrella acronyms (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAME"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BIPOC"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"POC"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are often not preferred in individual reference and may be unfamiliar to audiences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BlackBerry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the mid-word capital letter. Plural is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BlackBerrys"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black Hawk helicopter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Blackhawk."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blaze the trail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means showing the way for others who come after you. So "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blazing a new trail"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a tautology."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bloc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"political group"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blonde, blond"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If used as a noun form — "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a blonde"}]},{"type":"text","content":", say — then "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blonde "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is generally used in English to describe women, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blond "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to describe men. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blond"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (adjective) for generic or inanimate use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blue-ribbon, blue riband, blue ribbon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenated form is standard as an attributive for a safe political seat, or a mark of excellence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the blue-ribbon"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberal electorate of Warringah"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dangerfield and Selwood are blue-ribbon midfielders. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"An alternative spelling, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blue riband"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is something of an archaism."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boat, ship"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The words are not easily defined, but generally ships are large and ocean-going, and anything that is not ocean-going and has an outboard motor or oars is a boat. It’s commonly explained that you can put a boat on a ship but not a ship on a boat. Never use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vessel"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in broadcast language."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boat people"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid outside of quotes. See entries at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Booker Prize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Booker"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Capitalise and use the full name in the first reference. In subsequent reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Booker Prize "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the prize."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"born, borne"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both are forms of the verb to bear. Use the former for passive past tense descriptions of birth: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was born in Queensland"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Otherwise, use the latter form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she had borne a child to him"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the plan was was borne out of desperation"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"both"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use to refer to two things, not three or more: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Last year the leaders of both Germany and Britain declared their multicultural policies had been a failure."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"botox"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter. Adjectival form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"botoxed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brahman, Brahman, Brahmin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capital required if referring to the cattle breed. But capitalised in reference to the concept in Hinduism. Capital and different spelling for the Hindu priest caste: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brahmin"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breach, breech"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A breach of protocol, the flood levee has been breached, but the baby is in breech position, and the doctor was wearing breeches."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breakdown (noun) break down (verb)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A family breakdown might give us a nervous breakdown, but we might say a relationship is likely to break down, or ‘Let’s break those figures down.’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breakthrough"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use sparingly — and never pair with its cliched-partner "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dramatic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bring, buy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care to distinguish between the past tense of bring ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brought"}]},{"type":"text","content":"), and the past tense of buy ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bought"}]},{"type":"text","content":"): "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the astronauts were brought back from space, I bought some apples at the shop"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Britain, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the UK"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable, strictly speaking. The constituent countries of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Great Britain "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are England, Wales, and Scotland. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The United Kingdom "}]},{"type":"text","content":"includes Northern Ireland. It is commonplace, even in UK sources, to see "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Britain "}]},{"type":"text","content":"used as shorthand for the United Kingdom as a whole, but there may be times where distinctions should be made clear."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"broadband"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Download speed is generally measured in bits per second, not bytes. Abbreviate "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"megabits per second "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gigabits per second "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as follows: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mbps"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gbps. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"megabytes"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gigabytes"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in discussion of download speeds: the difference can be material, as there are eight bits in a byte."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brotherboy, sistergirl"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Used in a range of contexts by Indigenous people. In general, the terms refer to transgender Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brownies"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when referring to girls’ organisation (step before Girl Guides). Lower case in generic culinary or other reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"choc-chip brownies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brownie points."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brunette, brunet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a noun sense, generally refers to a woman with brown hair: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the brunette in the corner"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A related noun form for men, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brunet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is rarely used. Both are fairly reductive and best avoided outside facetious prose. Why not an adjectival form? "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brown-haired woman, brown-haired man"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"budget, Budget"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case only when writing the full title, or titles of specific documents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget 2021-22"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget Paper 2"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case all other usages, whether generic, plural, or adjectival: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the federal budget"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" successive federal budgets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":", "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"budgetary measures"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bug"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When reporting on medical ailments, be wary of referring to viruses and the like as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bugs"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The term is imprecise and implies a low-level risk, which may be inappropriate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buoy, buoyed, buoyant, buoyancy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spelling these correctly will buoy the spirits of our audience."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bureau, bureaus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bureaux, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless you’re going for a hypercorrect affectation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burka"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often inaccurately used to describe other types of head coverings, such as the niqab. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-23/why-do-muslim-women-wear-a-burka-niqab-or-hijab/5761510"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"this ABC explainer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burned, burnt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A rule of thumb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burned "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the more regular past tense verb form, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt "}]},{"type":"text","content":"more regularly appears in phrases "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt out "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt up"}]},{"type":"text","content":". No hyphen for predicative use of the latter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the bush was burnt out"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But hyphenate for adjectival use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a third victim died in a burnt-out home"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bus, buses, bussed, bussing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildfire "}]},{"type":"text","content":"has a long history of use in Australian sources, the more common usage is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For overseas events, use appropriate local terminology: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forest fire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildfire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildland fire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire refugee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use this term with caution: even in its modified forms (e.g "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"climate refugee"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"student refugee"}]},{"type":"text","content":") the word "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refugee "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is most often associated with its sense in international law — people fleeing conflict or disaster, usually across borders."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"businesslike, businessman, businesswoman, business people"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not, for instance, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business man"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM, Bureau of Meteorology"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is the first port of call. BOM "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is fine in headlines. Note it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BoM"}]},{"type":"text","content":". On air: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bureau of Meteorology"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in first reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Bureau"}]},{"type":"text","content":" acceptable thereafter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buy back, buyback"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words when used as compound verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government plans to buy back irrigation licences. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"One word for adjective and noun senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the buyback plan is part of the National Water Plan"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"byte"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A number of binary digits, or bits — usually eight (but it’s a sound bite)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"C"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cabinet, national cabinet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in reference to informal group of executive leaders, in Australia or elsewhere."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cache, cachet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is a type of hidden store: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a cache of weapons. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t confuse it with a similar word that refers to prestige: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being married to a Newsweek photographer, he he had a certain cachet"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In computer terminology, cache is used as a verb and a modifier in noun phrases: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Let’s talk about cache memory. Caching is the process of storing data"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"caddie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Golf caddie. But a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tea caddy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cafe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need for diacritics."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"callous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An adjective meaning “unfeeling”. By some coincidence, a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"callus"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is bit of hardened skin."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camaraderie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is a direct borrowing from the French and refers to the familiarity felt among "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camarades"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not to be confused with or pronounced like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"comrade."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Most dictionaries list a pronunciation similar to /kæməˈrɐːdəriː/."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camera operator, cinematographer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use in preference of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cameraman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cleric, decree, principle, body of writings, type of music. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cannon"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is something you fire."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canvas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tent, painting. A distantly related verb, meaning “to solicit votes”, is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canvass"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"text","content":"capital letters"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"political titles."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case political titles only when they precede a person’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Foreign Minister Penny Wong. "}]},{"type":"text","content":" Apply the same principle to local government: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mayor Goran Kesic today announced… Cr Kesic said… the mayor said."}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case political titles when used as a general descriptor: Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced, Trudeau’s father also served as Canada’s prime minister."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"By itself, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leader"}]},{"type":"text","content":" doesn’t take a cap: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Greens leader di Natale, Labor leader Bill Shorten"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not cap personal (non-elected) titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"manager, director, chief executive, chairman, secretary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc. Capitalise foreign heads of state and ministers."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"royalty"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always capitalise the title of the current Australian monarch. Upper case the full titles of members of the royal family and members of the peerage: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prince of Wales"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Duchess of Cornwall"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Upper case these titles when they precede a name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Princess Anne visited the village of Hanuabada. Lower case these titles when used as a general descriptor: the princess visited Port Moresby’s famous boardwalks, “It is very nice to be back in the UK,” the duchess said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"organisations or government"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The full names of organisations take upper case on first reference and lower case in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the University of New South Wales"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but later "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the university"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but later "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the department"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for administrations past, present, and generic: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the federal government"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former Queensland government minister"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"government policy"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Cap government departments on first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Treasury officials"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the department"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state and territory"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use upper case for proper names, but not in generic or plural references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the State of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state government policies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state land"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an independent state"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"geographical and political designations"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Names that designate a group of nations geographically or politically always take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South-East Asia, Central America, the Balkans"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Sometimes, when descriptive names of this type become semi-official, they then take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Central Australia, Far North Queensland, the Gulf (of Carpentaria), the Red Centre."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commonwealth"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Commonwealth of Australia,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Commonwealth of Nations"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"captions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for crediting images is agency, colon, photographer name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reuters: Adnan Abibi. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"ABC images are credited: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC News: Margaret Burin"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC Radio Sydney: Luke Wong"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When used as a verb means to rush headlong ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"careen "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is to keel over)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career girl, career woman"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cast off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The boat cast off from the quay."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cast-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We accept cast-off clothing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"casualties"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Includes dead and injured, so not a synonym for deaths."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"caucus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise when referring to the current caucus, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Labor Caucus."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"celsius"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, write in full and upper case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34 degrees Celsius. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For stories with many temperature references, abbreviate in second and subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34C"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cement, concrete"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Technically these are not interchangeable terms: cement is an ingredient of concrete, which is a mix of aggregates and paste."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"census"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in generic use. Its full name is the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Census of Population and Housing"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"censor, censure"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Documents may be “censored”, but people who are criticised severely are “censured”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"century, centuries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the fifth century. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out centuries under 10: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fifth century, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"15th century. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate for adjectival use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"19th-century passenger ships."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU, CFMMEU"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not exactly interchangeable. The CFMEU is a collection of affiliated (and to an extent autonomous) trade unions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU Victoria \u0026 Tasmania, CFMEU Western Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These chapters are further divided by industry: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU Construction, CFMEU Mining. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The above are further grouped under a separate national organisation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Where material to a story, be sure to note the difference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chair (title), chairwoman, chairperson"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where there is no stated preference by a company or individual, default to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chair"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Channel Seven, Channel Nine, Channel Ten"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell these out in article text, but can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Channel 9"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc in headlines."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chechen, Chechnya"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chechen Republic, Chechen people, Chechen Prime Minister, Chechen war, Republic of Chechnya."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child porn, child pornography"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid these terms where possible. Most Australian legislation uses "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child exploitation material"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child abuse material"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare, child care"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the compound form for adjectival senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare worker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare fees"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Keep the separated form for noun senses, or names of government programs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it can be hard to find decent child care"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Child Care Subsidy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, Chinese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Li Keqiang."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Use the full name on first reference, and the family name on subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"China’s Premier Li Keqiang… Mr Li"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Family names are generally one syllable, and given names are often two syllables: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Xi Jinping"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Given names may be hyphenated, as is conventional in Taiwan and Hong Kong: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tsai"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ing-wen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chow Yun-fat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Where possible, check for preference. It is common for people with Chinese names to adopt Western naming order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Weili Zhang"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Choice"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Consumer group."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chronic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In medical contexts, not exactly interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acute "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A chronic health condition is one that has continued or lingered."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Christian, Christianity"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals. Also: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Christian name"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unchristian "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"christening"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"church, Church"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for established organisations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the church is no longer relevant today."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"choke, strangle, suffocate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally interchangeable in senses relating to domestic violence or criminal offences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cisgender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People whose gender identity is in line with their sex assigned at birth. See entry under "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBT."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"claims"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Claims” carries a hint of incredulity (as do “reputedly” and “so-called”). If there is no reason to doubt the veracity of a statement, “says” is better. For example, “the party says it will field candidates in all electorates”, rather than “the party claims it will”. The authority of the person or organisation making a claim (that is, something not previously accepted, known or understood), and the nature of the claim, will decide whether we would report it without corroboration. A claim, therefore, must be attributed. “Claims” implies the ABC is seeking further confirmation or reaction."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleaning lady"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cleaner"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Clem7"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You don’t need to use all caps, just an initial cap. Can also be called "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Clem Jones Tunnel"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Coca-Cola, Coke"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collateral damage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this term as a euphemism for civilian casualties."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collective nouns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are no iron-clad rules about whether collective nouns should be matched with singular or plural verbs. Both constructions are acceptable, if they are part of common usage and conversational. But they must never be mixed in the same sentence or story: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The team is playing this afternoon. They say the game will be their best test yet. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Better to use singular verbs with collective nouns when expressing the sense of a single entity: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government is planning to increase defence spending, Brisbane is unbeaten this season."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"colleague"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This term can elide power dynamics in e.g. stories involving allegations of workplace misconduct or sexual assault. Consider modifying (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"junior colleague"}]},{"type":"text","content":") or replacing (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"employee"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only moving objects can “collide”, so a moving object cannot collide with a stationary one. Therefore, two moving cars can collide, but it’s not possible for a car to collide with a parked car or a tree."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"come, cum"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When used to indicate combined objects ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"studio-cum-apartment"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chef-cum-scientist"}]},{"type":"text","content":") make sure to hyphenate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commercial references, trade names, brand names, logos"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Contrary to popular belief, commercial references are not verboten at the public broadcaster. Such references are often appropriate, though they must be editorially relevant and not undermine the ABC’s independence or integrity. For more information, consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/12-commercial-references/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"relevant editorial policy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Commissions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We cap Human Rights Commission, but not human rights commissioner."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"committees"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Senate’s Environment and Communications References Committee. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case plural or generic reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"countless Senate committees"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a committee will be formed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"communism, communist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case except in name of party: Communist Party."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"community"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A favourite among politicians and bureaucrats who speak of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the wider community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", when "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would do. Some journalists are inclined to use it to refer to any group of people who share an interest or occupation — as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"medical community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aviation community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chess community"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In most references, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"doctors"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pilots"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chess players"}]},{"type":"text","content":" are better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compare"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compare like with like: yesterday’s weather with today’s. But compare two different things with the aim of finding similarities: compare her outfit to an unmade bed. Therefore, say “compared with” if you want to draw attention to the difference: “He compared radio with television.” Say “compared to” when drawing attention to the similarity: “Life has been compared to a pilgrimage.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compass points, cardinal directions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for regions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"southern Australia, the south-west, north-east New South Wales, south-east Queensland. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"When part of the place name, capitalise: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Java, North Sulawesi. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Some geopolitical regions take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Middle East, South-East Asia, Latin America, the Balkans, North America, South America"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When names become semi-official, they then take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Central Australia, Far North Queensland"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compound adjectives, compound modifiers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound adjectives need to be hyphenated, whether in general copy, headlines or captions. Examples: e"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ight-hour search, loud-mouthed punter, rose-tinted glasses, middle-aged woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Here’s a tip on how to figure out if the compound adjective rule applies: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is not a compound adjective because you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"big car"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Old-growth forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a compound adjective because while you can have "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"growth forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" doesn’t make sense. Saying "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old growth forest"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (sans hyphen) could be interpreted as meaning a growth forest that happens to be old. Consult a dictionary if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"comprise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to consist of. C"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"omprise of"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is therefore incorrect and while increasingly heard, will likely attract criticism if used."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"concedes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Concedes” can be seen as an admission or even a confession. Make sure you use it correctly. It means to admit as true. “Says” is usually sufficient."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"congenial, congenital"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Can heart disease be a pleasing thing? It can, according to one report, which said a sportsman who died had “congenial heart disease”. What was meant was “congenital” (meaning existing from birth), not congenial (agreeable)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Congo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Acceptable to say Congo on second mention for the Democratic Republic of the Congo; never write “the Congo” unless referring to the river."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conjoined twins"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Siamese twins. Once separated, you can no longer call them conjoined twins."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"consensus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means general agreement or concord, or majority of opinion, so ‘opinion’ is redundant in ‘consensus of opinion’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"constitution"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case if writing a full title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Constutition"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case at other times."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"continual, continuous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Continual means continuing on with stops and starts; continuous means going on without stopping. Parliament sits “continually” (regularly, with breaks) while some politicians drone on “continuously” (without stopping) for hours."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"contractions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If abbreviating "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"will not"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"won’t"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"does not"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t"}]},{"type":"text","content":"), think how it will sound when read. Often the fuller form is clearer. A commonly abused contraction is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s new claims"}]},{"type":"text","content":". That should be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there are new claims"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some reporters tend to start sentences with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and then get to the subject. For example: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s the wind and the rain that are causing the damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Choose more direct speech, for example, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Wind and rain are causing the damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In formal news copy, spell out contractions, except in quotes. For example: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police said he did not appear to be injured"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I wasn’t injured,” he said."}]},{"type":"text","content":" In feature copy, where you’re aiming for a more conversational tone, contractions are acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"controversial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usually an unnecessary word in our stories. It means “disputation on a matter of opinion”. Current affairs and news stories are full of opposing opinions on all sorts of things, so consider how meaningful it is to attach the word “controversial” to your subject. If you do use it, make clear what the point of controversy is."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coronavirus, COVID-19"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All terms are in widespread use. The disease "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID-19"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is caused by the virus "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"SARS-CoV-2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is a member of the coronavirus family. Where relevant (e.g. if discussing the scientific structure of the virus), make this distinction clear. Do not call COVID-19 a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"virus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid tautology, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a new strain of novel coronavirus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In less formal reference or in quotes, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease.. In less formal reference or in quotes, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coroner, Coroner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case only when spelling out the full title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Deputy State Coroner Caitlin English will continue in the role"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case other usages. Do not use as a courtesy title."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"corrections"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Part of the ABC’s commitment to accuracy involves taking corrective action when factual errors occur. Corrections can take many forms: from a clarification, to removing content, to issuing an apology. Consult the relevant Editorial Policies "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/3-corrections-and-clarifications/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"standard"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/corrective-actions/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"correspondent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Writer or reporter, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"co-respondent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in a divorce case. Do not cap."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"council"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take the article outside of quotes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The council has decided. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap local council names unless it is the official title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brisbane council"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but Brisbane City Council. Always use the full title on the first reference. So "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Livingstone Shire Council "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on first reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the council "}]},{"type":"text","content":"thereafter"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"court martial, courts martial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The verb is to court-martial."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"courts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap if full name, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Court of Appeal, High Court, Supreme Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"International Criminal Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Always check the wording and punctuation of the court’s proper name — this varies from place to place. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brisbane Magistrates Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Childrens Court Brisbane"}]},{"type":"text","content":" don’t have apostrophes, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Melbourne Magistrates’ Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Children’s Court of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":" do. It’s acceptable to use a generic name for a court, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Victorian magistrates court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same goes for courts in the plural, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia’s magistrates courts."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID variants"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use Greek nomenclature, not regional descriptors, in all references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Alpha variant"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Delta variant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crackdown, crack down"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a nationwide "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crackdown"}]},{"type":"text","content":", the government will "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crack down "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on welfare fraud."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"credibility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The quality of being believable. A “credulous” person will believe anything. “Credence” means belief or trust."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crescendo/climax"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A crescendo is a gradual increase, usually in the volume of music, and is not a climax. Often it’s incorrectly stated that something has “reached a crescendo”. Things reach a peak or climax."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crisis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Heavily overused. Let other people (for example, in actuality) say if the moment truly warrants it."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"criteria (plural), criterion (singular)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"and it’s phenomena (plural) but phenomenon (singular)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crossbench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crossbenchers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cross benchers"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cult"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful in using the word ‘cult’. It is a loaded term and almost always regarded as pejorative. Do not presume to label any group a cult, unless it is widely held by experts to be one (such as Heaven’s Gate or Aum Shinrikyo). If a reputable person or group uses that label to describe such a group, you could use the term, provided it is attributed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"curb"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To restrain (kerb is the edge of the footpath)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"currency"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for writing currency in online copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$7.50"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$3 million"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$4.2 billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In headlines or other confined spaces, shorten like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$16b"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$500m. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use a hyphen after an amount in body text: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the $3 billion house"}]},{"type":"text","content":". (But hyphenate if using a multi-part constructrions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multi-million-dollar property."}]},{"type":"text","content":")"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a story uses a foreign currency, convert the amount to Australian currency in brackets following the original amount: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man was fined 3,500 rupees ($70) and allowed to walk free. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t convert items that are globally measured in US dollars e.g. West Texas Crude oil, Tapis, and spot gold. Our audience will assume you’re talking about Australian currency unless you specify otherwise: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$US7.50"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"98 US cents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"4 euros"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"69 eurocents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"5 British pounds"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"52 British pence"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"78 Japanese yen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$NZ2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"50 NZ cents"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"customs, Customs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case initial if referring to the government department; lower case for traditions."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cutbacks"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cuts is better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cyclone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"They have names, and take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cyclone Tracy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tropical Cyclone Tracy"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Continue to cap even if cyclone has passed. Whatever the name, cyclones are neither male nor female: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cyclone Brenda is causing havoc. It is centred 20 kilometres off Townsville. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out the numeral in the cyclone’s category: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tropical Cyclone Ului"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"is a category four system"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Czechia, Czech Repubic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Czechia "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to the country. 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Appropriate use often depends on context."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a hyphen:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"when using terms adjectivally, but not when using them as nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the decision-making process was protracted"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"this procedure expedites decision making"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"when the last letter of a single syllable prefix and the first letter of the word are the same vowel: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"re-educate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reeducate"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"de-emphasise"}]},{"type":"text","content":" not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"deemphasise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"(however, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cooperate"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coordinate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and their derivatives are no longer hyphenated)"}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to avoid confusing one word with another: compare "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he re-signed the document "}]},{"type":"text","content":"with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the executive resigned"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"with co-(joint) and ex-(former), whether or not the attached word begins with a vowel: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"co-accused"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"co-worker"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ex-admiral"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ex-wife"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"En rule (–)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an en rule, not a hyphen:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to link spans of figures, time and distance, and Bible verses: pp. 466–53; 1979–91; May–July; City–Pymble buses, Mark 6:3-5"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to show a link between words that retain their separate identities: the body–mind split; a north–south alliance; a copper–zinc alloy."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a spaced en rule if more than one word is to be linked on either side: the Victoria – New South Wales border; 16 BC – 70 AD. 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If you haven’t got a numpad on your keyboard copy and paste from this subheading."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dates and times"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for dates: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"February 9, 1985"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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Avoid tautologies such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3am this morning"}]},{"type":"text","content":", though "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3am today "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or similar can be useful to dispel ambiguities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"See more under "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD, BC"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"centuries"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decades"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seasons"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"By convention, the spoken style for dates: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"January the 30th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the 30th of January"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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Better to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the number of people killed [or dead]"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decades"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the 80s,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the swinging 60s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the roaring 20s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a woman in her 70s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the first reader’s email of the 00s"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"declare victory, claim victory"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Electoral candidates generally claim victory and do not declare it. The AEC generally declares "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"results"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"victories"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Thus, usage like the following should be avoided: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kristy McBain declares victory in Eden-Monaro."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decimals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, round to the nearest full number. When precise decimal figures must be given, use this form:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For .05, say “point-oh-five”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For 2.32, say “two-point-three-two” (not “two-point-thirty-two”)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When writing for on-air graphics using decimal points,"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" “"}]},{"type":"text","content":"0.4” is the correct form, not “.4”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decorations"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use only if relevant to the story. For example, “the 90-year-old Victoria Cross winner returned to the battlefield”; “John Smith refused an Order of Australia medal three years ago, and is now in jail for treason”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat, Democratic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When referring to the US political party, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic"}]},{"type":"text","content":" as an adjective and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat"}]},{"type":"text","content":" only as a noun. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic candidate"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic National Convention"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but Barack Obama is a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A warning: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be considered pejorative by some in the US."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"denazify, denazification"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Solid form, no upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Department of Defense (US)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"With an ‘s’, but Australian Department of Defence with a ‘c’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"departments"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s the Department “of” Defence, the Department “of” Foreign Affairs and Trade, but it’s the Minister “for” Defence."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"descendant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ancestors. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This happens more often than you’d think!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"desperate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often found in cliched use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"desperate appeal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a desperate escape bid"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"determine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This is a word we often use clumsily. Instead of writing “facing a committal hearing to determine whether he’ll stand trial” or “the cause of his death/the fire/the accident is yet to be determined”, it’s better to write “a committal hearing will decide if he stands trial” and “the cause of the death/fire/accident is not yet known”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"devastate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One to watch out for when it comes to overuse. Floods and bushfires need not always be described as devastating, even though we all know they are."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing countries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use this term in preference to Third World or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diabetes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Type 1 and type 2, not type one and type two, or type I and type II."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnose"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Diagnose a condition, not a person. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Her schizophrenia was diagnosed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she was diagnosed with schizophrenia"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnosis, prognosis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t confuse the two: a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnosis "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is what a doctor determines to be the problem. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prognosis "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a forecast about the likely outcome of an illness or injury."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diehard"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General adjective. But the film series is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Die Hard"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dietician"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia, dieticians must be trained and qualified in dietetics. They are not the same as a nutritionist, a less precise term (although some nutritionists are also registered dieticians)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diplomats and consuls"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ambassadors are accredited “to” a country. Say “the Australian ambassador to the United States”. Countries of the Commonwealth have “High Commissioners”. “Consuls” look after the interests of their own nationals in foreign countries and deal with immigration matters."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disability"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Words relating to disability have the potential to cause great offence to many people. Some general rules:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care not to make gratuitous references to disabilities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A disability is not necessarily a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"handicap"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People who use wheelchairs are not necessarily "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"confined"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to them."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a disability is relevant to a story, be specific: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a man in a wheelchair has been swept off a bridge by floodwater"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"victim of"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffering from"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"afflicted by"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crippled by,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wheelchair-bound"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in a wheelchair, invalid, mentally handicapped"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backward"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"retarded"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"slow"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to mean a person with learning difficulties, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the disabled"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the handicapped"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the blind"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the deaf"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"deaf and dumb"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For more context, consult the editorial policies "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/84/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note on Harm and Offence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discomfit, discomfort"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Discomfit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is stronger, in the sense of disconcerting, thwarting or foiling than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discomfort"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which when used as a verb means to make uneasy or less comfortable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discrete"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Separate, distinct ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discreet "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is circumspect, unobtrusive)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disinterested"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means objective, or unbiased. It does not mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uninterested — "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which is the last thing a reporter should be."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dissatisfied, unsatisfied"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dissatisfied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is usually applied to people and it expresses a specific discontent with emotion attached to it. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unsatisfied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is used in more detached and analytical ways, to suggest that a certain requirement has not been met."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dissociate (from)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Disassociate has now been accepted as an alternative spelling and pronunciation – same meaning."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"divorcee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Male and female."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Doctor Who"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Dr Who."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic transmission, community transmission, direct transmission"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In general use, interchangeable when referring to the spread of infectious diseases within a country’s borders (cf. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"international"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cross-border transmission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). In medicine, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"direct transmission "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(i.e. person-to-person) is contrasted with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"indirect transmission "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(i.e. from surfaces)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic violence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are important differences between "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"family violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"intimate partner violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not trivialise or sensationalise. Avoid the euphemisms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic dispute"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"volatile relationship"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic incident"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Where appropriate, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. The latter can often mask the agent of the action: compare "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man repeatedly hit his wife"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the woman was repeatedly hit in the stomach"}]},{"type":"text","content":". This is especially important in headlines. For more information on terminology and approach, read the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/domestic-violence/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note on domestic violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"double vaccination, full vaccination"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of the potential ambiguity of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"double vaccinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For vaccination schedules involving two separate doses, it is often better to speak of a person as being "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fully vaccinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Down syndrome"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use person-first language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a baby with Down syndrome"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Down’s syndrome baby."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drivers licence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I’m going for my drivers licence"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (no apostrophe) but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that driver’s licence has expired"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Other places where apostrophes have disappeared: girls school, travellers cheques, widows pension."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug companies, drug dealer, drug raid, drug squad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not drugs raid, not drugs squad etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug charges"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drugs charges"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug use"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prefer to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug abuse "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug misuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dual names, dual naming"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The official titles of many Australian placenames contain both Indigenous and introduced elements: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kunanyi / Mt Wellington"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Grampians National Park / Gariwerd"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Occasionally, a place that is officially dual-named will be referred to solely by its traditional name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some general principles for stories dealing with dual-named locations:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reference both the Indigenous and introduced names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where space constraints permit only one name, use the more widely known name"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If there is the potential for audience confusion, reference the dual-naming process"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia’s official naming process does not always move in tandem with community sentiment. In many stories, it may be appropriate to use — or, potentially, offensive to exclude — Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander placenames that are not widely known by the public."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If unsure whether a feature is dual-named, check with your talent, a relevant Indigenous community organisation, the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ga.gov.au_placename\u0026d=DwMGaQ\u0026c=tpTxelpKGw9ZbZ5Dlo0lybSxHDHIiYjksG4icXfalgk\u0026r=yF8mRr_C8kVV2rJWRF-AmuGmDozaYvvOT52ZIuXw3iY\u0026m=lYXS8Obr7IIjjDQ1E5BhALYyYjYzdTH1l8sqJwR5D2U\u0026s=WCIXrH7DrOINa8gZTLCjycCh5IGaatIGvR6413z_wLE\u0026e="},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gazetteer of Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or your state-based geographical names board. These principles also apply to countries with similar dual-named locations, such as New Zealand."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dwarves"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural of dwarf (not dwarfs). The verb is to dwarf: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q1 dwarfs the surrounding buildings"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dye, dyeing, dyed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For hair or fabric dye."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"E"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"E. coli"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capital letter, full stop and space."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"each other"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Of two only; otherwise one another."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earlier"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often redundant: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they met this week"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is preferable to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they met earlier this week"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and will save space."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earn, earned"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both earned and earnt are acceptable, although earned is the more commonly used. However, it is ‘hard-earned cash’, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hard-earnt."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Earth"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap in reference to the planet: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Earth is in the path of an asteroid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to the ground, or extended figurative senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a pile of earth, earth-shattering"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earthquakes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In writing, our style is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a magnitude-7.7 earthquake"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war. Upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"text","content":", too."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Timor, Timor-Leste"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Timor-Leste"}]},{"type":"text","content":". An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"also known as East Timor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be used if required."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eBay"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the medial capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ebola virus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Initial capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect, affect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"His nagging had no "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":" whatsoever. Wait for the drug to take "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But that change will "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"a lot of people."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eg, e.g."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"From the Latin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exempli gratia "}]},{"type":"text","content":"meaning “for example”. Use punctuation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"e.g."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Eiffel Tower, the Eiffel Tower"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note where the capital letters are (and where they aren’t)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either … or, neither … nor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We have to choose "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either "}]},{"type":"text","content":"the pink "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"or"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the blue. We ended up with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"neither"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the pink "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the blue. But be careful of stray ‘nor’s, as in ‘We don’t like the pink nor the blue.’ It should be ‘We don’t like the pink or the blue,’ or ‘we like neither the pink nor the blue.’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"election"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t capitalise, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal election"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queensland election."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Electoral Commissioner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"electrocute"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This means “kill by electricity”, so you would not say “electrocuted to death”. Nor would you say someone is in hospital recovering after being electrocuted. They’d be dead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elicit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to draw out. On the other hand, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illicit "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means unlawful."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elude"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Escape, avoid. To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"allude to "}]},{"type":"text","content":"something means to refer to indirectly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elusive, illusive"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former describes something that is hard to catch hold of. The latter describes something that might cause an illusion or a deception."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"email"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen. But e-book, e-business, e-commerce, e-shares, e-shopping, e-zine."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"embargo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural embargos or embargoes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"embassy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap, e.g. Australian embassy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emend"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take out errors, edit ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amend"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to improve)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emigrate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leave"}]},{"type":"text","content":" one country and travel to another where you will live permanently. To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"immigrate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arrive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in one country from another."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"empathic, empathetic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Are both used to describe someone who can empathise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"empires"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for plural or generic ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he’s building a private empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":") but capitalise specific empires ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Roman Empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"British Empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"en masse"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not ‘the teachers will stop work on mass’. We still use the French term to mean together, in a large body…"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"en route"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not on route."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"enamoured of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not with or by."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"encyclopedia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not encyclopaedia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"England"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Does not include Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UK"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Kingdom"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to refer to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as a whole. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Great Britain"}]},{"type":"text","content":" includes only England, Scotland and Wales."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"enquiry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Seeking information ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inquiry"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a more formal investigation into something)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ensure"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Make certain; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"insure"}]},{"type":"text","content":" against risk, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assure"}]},{"type":"text","content":" your life."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"envelop (verb), envelope (noun)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epicentre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The precise meaning of epicentre is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the central disturbance of an earthquake. However, it can be used more generally to describe the central point of other activities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epidemic, pandemic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Significant difference between the two in medical contexts, even if they are often used interchangeably. An epidemic is a disease with a temporary prevalence; a pandemic is usually prevalent throughout the entire country, continent, or planet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epileptic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Should be used only to name the seizure; a person ‘has epilepsy’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"EPO (erythropoietin)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Erythropoietin (EPO) is a performance enhancing drug. It has the same name as the naturally occurring human hormone it replicates."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ersatz"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Serving as a substitute. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"erzats"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"esky"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case unless specifically referring to the brand."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"esports"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ETA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Basque separatists"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"etc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No punctuation. If spelled out: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"et cetera."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eulogy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A tribute. Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elegy"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is a sad poem."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euphemisms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plain words are best every time. Do not talk of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disadvantaged people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when you mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the poor"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or a woman who is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expecting "}]},{"type":"text","content":"when you mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pregnant"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not have people "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pass away "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or speak of their "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"demise"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in bulletins — say that they "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"die"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Also avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collateral damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when referring to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"civilian casualties"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euro"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The currency used by many states in the European Union. Plural euros."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eurozone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case because it refers to the countries using the currency, not the European Union."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euthanase"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euthanise"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evacuate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You cannot evacuate people, you can only evacuate places."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"every day, everyday"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is a noun ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"day"}]},{"type":"text","content":") modified by an adjective ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"every"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). The latter is an adjective commonly meaning mundane or ordinary: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an everyday occurrence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evocative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you’re going to say something is evocative, it helps to say what it’s evocative of."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evoke, invoke"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Evoke"}]},{"type":"text","content":" involves giving out or producing something (evoke a memory, a scene, a smile). "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Invoke"}]},{"type":"text","content":" involves trying to get help or support from an outside source: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gillard urged federal MPs to invoke the spirit of Ben Chifley."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exact, extract"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exact"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (revenge, money, respect) means to demand or require, or to force to give or pay. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Extract"}]},{"type":"text","content":", on the other hand, generally refers to the action of getting or taking one object or substance out of another (for example, extracting a tooth or extracting juice from a vegetable). 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Gangsters, gunmen, and terrorists "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kill "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"murder"}]},{"type":"text","content":" people. For example, hostages in Iraq should be described as having been killed or murdered, or beheaded if that has been the method of killing the hostage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expatriate, expat"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expatriate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is someone who lives outside their native country. An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ex-patriot"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is someone who used to be patriotic but isn’t any more."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"explicit, implicit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is often mistaken for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"implicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which means something assumed or implied. In fact, it’s an antonym: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means something that has been expressed clearly: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Brown said tax changes were implicit in the agreement, but he declined to be explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In statistics, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential growth "}]},{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t just refer to an upward trend in value. For "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential growth "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to occur, the rate of increase must be increasing over time. This can be a critical distinction in news coverage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eyewitness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"F"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"F/A-18F Super Hornets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the complicated punctuation of the name. On subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Super Hornets"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hornets"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"facility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Recognise jargon for what it is. Instead of medical facility, consider: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hospital, doctor’s surgery. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Instead of manufacturing facility, consider: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"factories."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fall out, fallout, falling out"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"don’t fall out of the boat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"we can expect fallout from last night’s interview. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Noun, but different: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the brothers had a falling out over their father’s will"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"families"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In plural reference, no apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rhineharts, the Obamas, the Smiths. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In possessive reference, apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rhineharts’ family feud"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Obamas’ dog."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Far North Queensland"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All capitalised."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Farsi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Language spoken by the majority of Iranians (not Persian)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fatal means “causing death”. It is clumsy to say “a Rural Lands Protection Board ranger is in intensive care in Dubbo hospital after surviving a fatal helicopter crash yesterday afternoon.” Better to say “the ranger survived a helicopter crash which killed another man”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatally injured"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Just say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatwa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A religious ruling issued by a recognised Islamic institution or scholar in accordance with Islamic law. Widely misunderstood to mean a death sentence, fatwas may be issued for any number of questions of daily life. Because Islam does not have a central authority, fatwas do not necessarily bind those Muslims who do not accept the authority of the issuing agent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal, Federal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Federal Court. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case most other uses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal parliament"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal government"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"feral, wild"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An important distinction: feral animals were once domesticated, and have since become wild: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"feral pigs, feral cats, feral horses"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Confusingly, some non-domesticated fauna — such as foxes and cane toads — are listed by the Australian government as feral."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer, less"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In general, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" with numbers of things: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"we need fewer bottles"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"less"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in reference to quantities: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"this year, cattle"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"are drinking less water"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Less"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is uncontroversially used in a few places where we might expect to see "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer"}]},{"type":"text","content":", including measurements of times and certain idiomatic constructs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the offenders served less than six months in jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"25 words or less."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fiance, fiancee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is masculine, the latter feminine. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"divorcee"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for both male and female. In all cases, the acute symbol is no longer required."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fibre-to-the-curb, fibre-to-the-node"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As above in first reference. In online news, abbreviated "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FTTC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" thereafter (this same applies to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fibre-to-the-node"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"financial markets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dow Jones Industrial Average or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dow Jones"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Financial Times Stock Exchange or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FTSE 100"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Standard \u0026 Poor’s or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S\u0026P 500"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"firefighter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not fireman."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fisher, fishers, fishermen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The gender-neutral term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fisher "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is preferred by some in the industry. In the absence of a talent’s stated preference, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fisherman"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fishermen "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for plural reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first ever"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Can usually just say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first home buyer, first home buyers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"These don’t need a hyphen. But a related term, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first-time"}]},{"type":"text","content":" buyers, does."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first lady"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"France’s first lady, America’s first lady, not ‘French first lady’ or ‘American first lady’. And don’t cap."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, avoid referring to people solely by their first names in news reports. Obvious exceptions include: if a name is being suppressed to keep a source anonymous, mononymic entertainers, less formal types of reporting."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All are acceptable collective references to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and are interchangeable to an extent. Be aware of nuance: many prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indigenous"}]},{"type":"text","content":", on the basis that the former acknowledges the plurality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The key fitted the lock, she never fitted in."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flak"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not flack, when referring to heavy criticism or abuse (flak is the term for anti-aircraft fire). Flack when referring disparagingly to a PR person (not that we would, of course)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flammable, inflammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mean the same thing, not fireproof. Something that is fireproof is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nonflammable"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flaunt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This means “to show off” or “display proudly”. Try not to confuse it with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flout "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which, while orthographically similar, has the opposite meaning of “to degrade openly”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"foetus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fetus"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FOI, Freedom of Information"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. Be aware: not all states and territories call it Freedom of Information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where relevant, use the accurate name when referring to requests made under specific local laws."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-fold"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Exercise caution with this suffix: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the population increased sixfold over 200 years "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means it was six times larger at the end of 200 years than it was at the beginning. It’s a tautology to say ‘increased "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by"}]},{"type":"text","content":" sixfold’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forbear"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To refrain. Your forebears are your ancestors."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forbid"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Forbid someone to do something, not forbid ‘from’. You might prevent someone from doing something, but the prepositions are not interchangeable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forever"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"foreword"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Comes at the front of a book, but we move "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forward"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forgo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do without. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Forego "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means to go before, but given the potential for confusion, ‘precede’ may be a better choice."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful about putting "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in front of a title or description that still applies to a person. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A former Olympic gold medallist"}]},{"type":"text","content":" implies that the person has been stripped of a medal."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formerly"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Before, at a previous time. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formally "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means in a formal manner."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formula, formulas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formulae"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"founder, capsize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Founder means “fill with water and sink to the bottom (of the sea)”. It’s also used with reference to projects that fail. Capsize means “overturn”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fracking"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Also known as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hydraulic fracturing"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A specific technique used in resource exploration, this term should not be used interchangeably for related activities, such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coal seam gas mining "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shale extraction"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fractions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-third, one-quarter, two-thirds"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a quarter of"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australians approve of the concept"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fraternity"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid generic use of this term (i.e. in place of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"profession"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"community "}]},{"type":"text","content":"etc) outside of direct quotes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Freudian slip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap up."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frisbee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter, unless you’re talking about the specific Frisbee product produced by Wham-O. The popular university sport is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ultimate "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ultimate frisbee"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). Most who play it refer to the thrown object as a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disc."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbench, backbench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backbench, frontbench, backbench colleagues, frontbencher"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"front line, frontline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He’s on the front line, but a frontline battle."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"full time, full-time, part time, half time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate the adjectival forms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I work full time, therefore I’m a full-time worker."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"G"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaffe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A blunder. But a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaff"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is an old nautical hook."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable with other wind descriptors in emergency broadcasts. The Beaufort scale of wind speeds runs, in ascending order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breeze"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gale"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"storm"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hurricane"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.bom.gov.au/info/wwords/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bureau of Meteorology’s glossary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"game show"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Game of Thrones"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you get this wrong (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Games of Thrones"}]},{"type":"text","content":") you need to brush up on your pop culture."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaol"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jail "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless going for severe affectation, or if the old spelling occurs in a placename: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Old Melbourne Gaol"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"garret, Garrett"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you mean a room on the top of a building, then it’s garret. The one-time environment minister and current Midnight Oil is Peter Garrett."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaslight, gaslighting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid outside of quotes. If essential, clarify what is meant by the term."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay and lesbian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gay and lesbian people or couples — not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gays and lesbians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in this sense as an adjective, not as a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a gay person"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but never "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a gay"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender transition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The process of transitioning gender is different for each individual. It may involve medical, social, or legal procedures (e.g. surgery, coming out to family, a name change), it may not. Not all medical treatment for gender transition involves surgery. Consultation and hormone therapy are part of gender transition treatment. Avoid placing undue emphasis on the role of surgery in the gender transition process."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"geriatric"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid in reference to an older person to imply senility or irresponsibility. Fine in adjectival use in medical contexts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a geriatric ward"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"German measles"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Rubella"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the preferred term. If you use the common name, cap up."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"GHB"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"party drug"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gigaton or gigatonne"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Metric (tonne) and imperial (ton) differ slightly in mass but seem interchangeable when applied to gigatons/tonnes (a billion tons/tonnes) in climate change discussion. The main thing is to be consistent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gilt, gilded"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gold leaf or gold paint. As in Lear’s gilded butterflies, or a gilded cage (luxurious but restricted environments). Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guilt"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"glamorous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not glamourous."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"globetrotter, globetrotting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"global financial crisis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not capitals. Avoid GFC."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"GM crops, GM food"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Write genetically modified in first reference, GM thereafter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"God"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise in reference to a monotheistic entity: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Almighty"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holy Spirit"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Messiah"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Him"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my God, oh Lord"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. In reference to a polytheistic religious tradition (e.g. Norse) use lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Hindu god Ganesh"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"goodness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For goodness sake (no apostrophe)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"goodnight"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"good Samaritan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Google"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap up when referring to the company, but no cap if using it to refer generically to searching the internet: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I googled myself."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gordian knot"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Complicated problem to be cut through."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gorilla"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the ape. If you’re talking about the subcategory of warfare, you (hopefully) mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guerilla"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"government portfolios"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a minster holds more than one portfolio, refer only to the one(s) relevant to the story. But use common sense. If referring to a minister’s obscure additional portfolio, cite his or her more familiar title and then add the more obscure responsibility: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Health Minister, who also has responsibility for aged care, says 12 new retirement homes will be opening up next month."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Governor-General"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not our head of state. The Governor-General is the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grand slam, Grand Slam"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The lower-case form is in wide use to refer to single major tournament wins, especially in tennis or golf. An upper case form refers to winning all major tournaments, usually in a calendar year. In speech, disambiguate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career Grand Slam, calendar Grand Slam."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grandparent, grandfather, grandpa, grandma, grandmother"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All one word. Also great-aunt, great-grandfather, great-great-grandmother"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grill, grille"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Grill is for cooking, grille is a grating."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grog runners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Northern Territory police define a grog runner as anyone taking alcohol into a restricted area, whether they intend to sell it or not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ground Zero"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to 9/11 or similar, capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guilt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is a feeling; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gilt "}]},{"type":"text","content":"involves gold paint or gold leaf."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"H"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"h, haitch, aitch"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia (and elsewhere) the eighth letter of the alphabet has traditionally been pronounced "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AYCH. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A variant pronunciation, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HAYCH"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is also standard. Use whichever comes naturally to you."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hague, The"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hale and hearty"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hail "}]},{"type":"text","content":"a taxi."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"half"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen when used adverbially: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"you look half dead"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Hyphen when used adjectivally: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a half-eaten sandwich; half-time oranges."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hallowed ground"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not hollowed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanged, hung"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Criminals are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanged"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Pictures are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hung"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t mix up the two."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanging participles, dangling participles"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A hanging participle (or dangling participle, or dangling modifier — the Beast has many names) is a subordinate clause which is not attached to the subject of the sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Born in Hobart in 1909"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s memorabilia to the Tasmanian Museum"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Was Rory really born last century? No — this is the second paragraph of a story about Errol Flynn and his daughter Rory. Much better to repeat the name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Errol Flynn was born in Hobart in 1909, and his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hare lip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use this phrase; instead say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleft lip"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleft palate"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"harebrained"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hairbrained"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hashtags"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use medial capitals and a pound symbol, whether in headlines or body copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Louis CK’s return raises questions of justice, sexism in comedy and #MeToo"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some hashtag movements have since lost the octothorpe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black Lives Matter"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ice Bucket Challenge"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hat-trick"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"haybaling"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not bailing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hay fever, hayfever"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words for the noun; as in, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Katie had bad hay fever while writing the ABC Style Guide"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Single word for the adjective, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hayfever remedies"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"head-to-head"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note hyphen placement."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headed, heading"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headed "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a present participle form is an American affectation. Instead, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"heading"}]},{"type":"text","content":": "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is Australia heading for a hung parliament?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headlines"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the first letter of the first word and proper nouns only: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lorde talks about headlining Splendour."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare, health care"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the compound form for adjectival senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare costs"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare providers"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Keep the separated form for noun sense, or names of government programs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"primary health care"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Health Care Homes"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commissioner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A high commissioner is the senior ranking diplomat (generally equivalent to an ambassador) representing a Commonwealth country, in another Commonwealth country. No capitals when referring to the position, caps when referring to an identified individual and using it as a title. So, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commissioner John Smith is the third high commissioner appointed to the position."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Court"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped when referring to a specific identified court, not capped when referring generically, for example, to the role of the high court."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Overused. The word means “important, memorable or famous in history”. Historical means “pertaining to history or based on fact, as distinct from legend”. So the fall of the Berlin Wall was a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historic "}]},{"type":"text","content":"event, but most public libraries hold "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical "}]},{"type":"text","content":"documents."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical periods"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take a capital if used in specific reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Industrial Revolution"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Renaissance"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hoi polloi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This expression means “the masses” or “the common people”. But some people use it incorrectly to refer to the rich and famous. A news item referred to Princess Mary of Denmark dining with the “hoi polloi”. In fact, she did not dine with the humble masses but with the rich and fashionable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holmes a Court, Peter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Holmes-a-Court (do not hyphenate)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holocaust, holocaust"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for historical reference. Lower case in other reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"home in on"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hone"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hone your skills"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"home"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horde, hordes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horde "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of people, but a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hoard "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of treasure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hors d’oeuvre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Singular and plural."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horticulturist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Or horticulturalist – both are acceptable. The Australian Institute of Horticulture refers to its qualified and registered practitioners as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horticulturists"}]},{"type":"text","content":", so that is preferred."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hospitalised"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taken (never “rushed”) to hospital is better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hurricane"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capital letter for the individual hurricane, lower case for the general: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hurricane Katrina, the hurricane devastated the town"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ID cards"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to describe those arriving in Australia without proper papers, who are not claiming refugee status or whose claim for protection has been rejected; or anyone whose visa has expired and who is therefore not legally entitled to stay in Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegitimate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use to refer to children born outside marriage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illusive, elusive"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Illusive"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illusory"}]},{"type":"text","content":", describes something that causes an illusion or a deception. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Elusive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" describes something that is hard to catch hold of."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iMac, iPod, iTunes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imam"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This has two meanings in Islam. In Sunni communities (the majority of Muslims in Australia), it refers to a local religious leader and teacher who leads prayers and preaches at a mosque. This is by far the most common reference. In Shiite communities, its use is restricted to an agent of divine illumination, one of whom will come in every age to make the truth of Islam contemporary. This will only rarely be used in Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"improvised explosive devices, IED"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full on first reference with parentheses, abbreviate thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It was an improvised explosive device (IED) … the IED was not sophisticated. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"An alternative is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roadside bomb"}]},{"type":"text","content":", assuming it is actually on the roadside."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in vitro fertilisation, IVF"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Full name in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":" fine in headlines. No italics or hyphen for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in vitro"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Children are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conceived through IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"born through IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"test tube baby"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Along with surrogacy and fertility medication, IVF can be considered an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assisted reproductive technology"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inclusive language"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to sex and gender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Beware of generic masculine pronouns (i.e. using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"his"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for both sexes)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Look out for gender-specific occupational titles (e.g. use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police officer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in preference to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"policeman"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use women or men where the the issue largely relates to the general population: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"men's health"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women with breast cancer"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where the experiences of transgender or non-binary people are the focus of content, it can be appropriate to use other terms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pregnant people"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transwomen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"those assigned male at birth"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with a prostate"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It may be necessary to explain such language."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to people with a disability"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ensure any reference to a disability is editorially relevant. It may not be."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, use person-first language: that’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disabled person"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"person with a disability"}]},{"type":"text","content":". This foregrounds the person rather than the disability."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Focus on ability rather than disability: people who have a disability are multi-dimensional, and their disability is only one characteristic."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use collective terminology to describe disability and people with disabilities. People with disabilities are often referred to as a category of people and this can be depersonalising and offensive."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"More information: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://pwd.org.au/library/guide-to-reporting-disability.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People With Disability’s guide to reporting disability"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to mental illness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful not to imply that all mental illnesses are the same."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid stereotypes and use inclusive language."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Additional resources about the reporting and portrayal of people with a mental illness can be found at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.mindframe-media.info/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mindframe"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to ethnic groups"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where it is relevant to the discussion, immigrant groups can be named by reference to their previous nationality or region of origin: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kurds"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid equating linguistic or ethnic groups with particular religious beliefs. Not all Lebanese-Australians are necessarily Muslim. Not all Muslims are Arabs."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful to check names of people from different cultures — don’t presume the standard European naming conventions and order of names."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ensure that the values of Australia’s many different cultures are taken into account, and that background issues are adequately explored. Ethnic cultures within Australia interact with each other and cannot simply be equated with the cultures of their country of origin."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use caution with generic geographical descriptors (eg "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South American cartels"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African migrants"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). Where you can be sure of accuracy and it is editorially relevant, be specific ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Argentinian cartels"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ugandan"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asian"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"migrants"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use abbreviations or slang terms that are likely to offend ethnic groups."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"independent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap when referring to senators, members of parliament or candidates in elections: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he will run as an independent candidate for the seat of Mayo"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"text","content":"ndigenous, indigenous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in any reference to a country’s original inhabitants: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Black Lives Matter movement inspired Indigenous minorities to speak out about systemic racism"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadian prosecutors have dropped charges against an Indigenous chief tackled by police"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to flora or fauna: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"How do you choose plants that are indigenous to your area?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indonesian names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some Indonesian people are known by one name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Iriana"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Boediono"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In news stories, use a courtesy title with such names on subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Megawati"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms Megawati"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"industrial action"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A catch-all term that can be ambiguous. If you mean “strike”, “sit-in”, “lock-out”, “go-slow”, then say so. Be specific. Avoid the expression “strike action”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infer, imply"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You imply something, I infer it. While many dictionaries do list a verb sense of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" that is equivalent to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imply"}]},{"type":"text","content":", it is widely considered to be nonstandard English. So do avoid it, unless that’s the look you’re going for."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is commonly used in two related but separate senses: “very large”; and “without limit”. There are occasions, particualrly in scientific or mathematical contexts, where the sense of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinite "}]},{"type":"text","content":"meaning “very large” is best avoided."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinitives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One of the English language’s oldest and most storied bugbears, splitting an infinitive means inserting a word (usually an adverb) between the word "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and a verb, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to boldly go"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to go boldly"}]},{"type":"text","content":". There is no general or formal grammatical rule against splitting an infinitive. There are times when it can sound awkward or confusing: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He had advised his staff to not insist on their demands"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It should read: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He had advised his staff not to insist on their demands."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inflammable, flammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mean the same thing: not fireproof. Something that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" fireproof is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"non-flammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"injured, wounded"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A soldier is wounded if they are hurt in battle. A soldier is injured if they’re hurt in an accident even if on the way to an operation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"innovation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the tautology "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new innovation"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inquiry, enquiry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The first is usually used to describe a formal investigation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an inquiry into operations at the City of Perth has identified a large number of “very serious” matters. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter is normally used to describe the act of seeking information: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"‘numerous lines of enquiry’ related to Moama double murder."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"International Date Line"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"internet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t cap."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iPad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iPhone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ireland, Northern Ireland"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom; Ireland is not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State, IS, ISIL, Daesh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State militants"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State group"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Islamic State"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or other constructions that could be seen to legitimise its claim to statehood. For a more comprehensive overview of the differences between these terms, consult "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Arabic and Islamic Primer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the ABC Intranet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iTunes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Small "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"i"}]},{"type":"text","content":", capital "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"T"}]},{"type":"text","content":", no space, no hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"J"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaol "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of place names or affectation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jab"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care when using in medical contexts, especially in headlines. While standard, many take issue with the term’s colloquial nature: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Will aged care workers get the Pfizer jab?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jamaat-ud-Dawa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Terrorist group in Pakistan."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Japanese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, Japanese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abe Shinzō. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This order is conventionally reversed in Western media: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shinzō Abe"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jargon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Most agree that jargon should be avoided. Why not simply favour words that are clear and direct? The problem is twofold: nobody can agree on what jargon is, and the examples keeps changing. Usage manuals, in their infinite wisdom, have formerly picked as jargon words that today seem uncontroversial: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"housing stock, due process. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Perhaps it is enough for the writer to remember that there are disciplines whose lexicon is necessarily obscurantist (the law, the arts, philosophy) and gird their pens accordingly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jeep"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jemaah Islamiah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We also cap East Jerusalem and West Jerusalem. East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jihad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jihad means “effort” or “striving” and refers to a struggle on behalf of a principle. It is viewed as something positive for a Muslim to do and it applies to many spheres of life, not only violent actions. Jihad does not translate as “war”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Joneses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As in “keeping up with the Joneses”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"judges and magistrates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a handy general guide, a magistrate is found in a local court, a judge in a district or county court and Justice is the term used for any higher level courts including Supreme, Federal and High."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Magistrates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Magistrate Michael Jones”, then “Magistrate Jones said”; “the magistrate said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"District and County Court Judges"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Judge Jane West”, then “Judge West said”; “the judge said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senior Judges (State and Territory Supreme Courts, the Federal Court, the High Court)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Justice Rex Chong”, then “Justice Chong said”, “the judge said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chief Judges/Chief Justices (High Court, Supreme Court, Federal Court, Family Court, District and County Courts)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Chief Justice Mary Wilson”, then “the chief justice said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a story, employ the definite article, for example, “the chief justice of the Federal Court”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jujitsu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Judo is a less aggressive style of self-defence derived from jujitsu. No longer any need to insert a hyphen in jujitsu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"junior"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is shortened to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jr"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when part of a name, as in Robert Downey Jr. Not ‘Jnr’ or any other combo."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"However, it is usually always written out in full as ‘junior’ in broadcast copy to make it easier to read."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"just deserts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"just desserts"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless you are saying you only want pudding."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"justify"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A word that is too often misused as a synonym for “defended” or “explained”. Justify means “to show something was right or warranted”."},{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#TOP"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Top of Page"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"K"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kashmir"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective Kashmiri; but cashmere fabric."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kellogg’s Corn Flakes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But cornflakes in general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kerb"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"curb"}]},{"type":"text","content":", when referring to the edge of the footpath."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"KFC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Kentucky Fried Chicken"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kg"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not kgs, so it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10 kg."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kick-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate noun; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kick off"}]},{"type":"text","content":" verb."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kickstarter, kickstarter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised when referring to the specific platform, but lower case for verb forms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstart"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstarting"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstarted."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed, murdered, died"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murder"}]},{"type":"text","content":" has a specific legal meaning (i.e. the accused killed somebody deliberately or recklessly, and is therefore more morally culpable). Only use when that is the relevant charge or conviction: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"court documents allege Gabriella Delaney was murdered by Lucas Delaney"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When the responsibility for a person’s death is not in dispute, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be preferable to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"died"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as it helps makes agency clearer: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hannah Clarke was killed by her estranged husband."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Get legal advice if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kimberley, The, Western Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Kimberley region, the Kimberleys."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"king hit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid where possible: use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-punch assault "}]},{"type":"text","content":"instead. An alternative, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coward punch"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is emotive and judgemental. (Names for this type of offence differ by jurisdiction in Australia, from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unlawful striking causing death "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"single punches or strikes."}]},{"type":"text","content":")"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"King’s Cross Station"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the station in London, an apostrophe. Not so for Australia (see below)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kings Cross, St Georges Terrace, Frenchs Forest"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a general (gazetteer) rule, no apostrophes in Australian place names."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kleenex"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knee-jerk reaction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knights, dames and ladies"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If John Smith has been knighted, the convention is to call him "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir John Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir John"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same applies to dames: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Kiri Te Kanawa"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Kiri"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Dame "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary Gilmore"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Mary"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The wife of Sir John Smith, Jane Smith, should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lady Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not Lady Jane."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knockout"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Single word for noun; knock out verb."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"koala"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"koala bear"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kolkata"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Calcutta"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track, Kokoda Trail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Trail"}]},{"type":"text","content":" are in common use and are considered acceptable (including by the Australian War Memorial). But the ABC’s preferred usage is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kombi, kombi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a capital letter if you’re referring to a Volkswagen Kombi, but lower case if you just mean a generic, family-sized van."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koran, Qur’an"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koran"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the more established spelling in Australian news contexts; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Qur’an "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is more accurate to the Arabic word. The latter is fine in specialist content, or when preferred by contributors. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Quran"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Korean names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Names in both Koreas generally consist of a family name and a given name in that order. Use the full name on first reference and a family name on subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South Korean President Moon Jae-in"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Moon"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Given names in South Korea are usually hyphenated, with a lower case second element: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Min Yoon-gi"}]},{"type":"text","content":". By contrast, given names in North Korea are spaced with an upper case second element: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kim Jong Un"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Check if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kosovo, Kosovans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective, noun Kosovan; better than Kosovar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kph"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We use this as the abbreviation, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"km/h. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast copy, write in full to avoid misunderstandings: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kilometres per hour"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kung fu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No caps."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyrgyzstan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective Kyrgyz."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv, Kiev"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the preferred Ukrainian spelling for the city’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"L"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"La Trobe University"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but Latrobe Valley"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"labelling of groups and individuals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The ABC takes no editorial stand in its programming, and its journalism is accurate, impartial and objective. We should take care with labelling groups or individuals. When we do label them, we should ensure we do so in a factual, relevant and consistent way. This applies whether we are talking about the use of words such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"terrorist"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"extremist"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hardline"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militant"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or labels such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"right-wing"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"left-wing"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conservative"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radical"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In most cases, it is far better to report factually on the group or individuals and what they have done, rather than apply a label which (more often than not) requires some sort of value judgement and comparison to be made."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reviewing your copy, the key test is whether you can report on events in a clear and concise way, giving the audience all the information it needs to understand what is happening without the use of labels. On most occasions, this will be the case. Inevitably, there will be times when labels are needed to provide valuable information or context. In such circumstances, it is important that we rely on descriptions that are factual and accurate, and that do not involve subjective judgements. In cases where a third party has used a label to describe a group or individual, this should be made clear within the broadcast."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Apply the editorial principles on labelling consistently to all groups and individuals in a story. The ABC has "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/accuracy/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"editorial guidance"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on accuracy which includes helpful advice on when to include labelling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labor, Labour"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Labor Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (ALP), "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labour Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"labour movement"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (everywhere), "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labour Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (UK, NZ)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LandCruiser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Single word, with a second capital letter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"landholder"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not hyphenated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"laptop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"larva, larvae, lava"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Larva "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are insects — plural "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"larvae"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lava "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is volcanic magma."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lasso, lassoes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There’s an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"e "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in there."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Last Post"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Military tradition. A bugle call played at military funerals and at ceremonies to commemorate those who have died in battle."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"latitude"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Like this: 21 deg 14 min S"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lawmaker"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Americanism, this refers to a sitting politician. It’s imprecise, so consider alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"members of Congress"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"senators"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"members of the House of Representatives"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or just plain "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"politicians"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay, lie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hens "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" eggs. People "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" things such as carpets and tablecloths. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as a transitive verb, needs a direct object and its past form is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"laid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lie"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (meaning “to be in a horizontal position”) does not take a direct object. Its past tense form, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":", can understandably cause some confusion with the above. Adopt the following usage:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Why don’t you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lie"}]},{"type":"text","content":" down and have a rest”. (Present tense)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“We found it "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lying"}]},{"type":"text","content":" under the bed”. (Present participle)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“As he "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" dying” (Past tense)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“He "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" about his involvement in the war.” (Past tense of the verb meaning to make a false statement.)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"layby, laybys"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lbw"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Leg before wicket (cricket). No need to capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead, led"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lead "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a verb meaning to show the way. The past tense of the verb "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"led"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Pronounced differently, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a metal that is soft and grey. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I will lead the march and, having led it, will write about it with a lead pencil. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Often in sports broadcasts we hear about a team with an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unassailable lead. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"That would suggest it cannot be overtaken. They might just have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commanding lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead-up (to), lead up (to)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lead-up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in the lead-up to the final exam we’ll be taking weekly tests. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"By contrast, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a phrasal verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"weekly tests will lead up to a final exam"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leaderboard"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"learned, learnt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both “learned” and “learnt” are acceptable as the past tense and past participle of learn. Just be careful to avoid confusion with the adjective “learned” as in ‘learned’ scholars."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leavened"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A talk might be leavened by humour (not ‘levelled’)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"left wing, the left, the Labor Party’s Left faction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Left-wing is hyphenated when used as an adjective. 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Thailand is one the few countries to keep this law."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levee, levy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The town hoped the flood "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levee "}]},{"type":"text","content":"would hold. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levy"}]},{"type":"text","content":" was imposed to raise revenue."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBTQIA+ "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBTQIA+ "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to all such communities in general terms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Should the mining sector do more to support LGBTQIA+ workers"}]},{"type":"text","content":"? Prefer specific gender identities, sexual orientations, or communities where relevant: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"What it's like to be a woman in love with a bisexual man"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lesbian couples drawn to Alice Springs by friendship"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new Olympic guidelines for trans and intersex athletes"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Consider using clearer or more accurate terminology: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with diverse sexualities and genders"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with intersex variations"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Several umbrella terms are in use to refer to a broad range of sexual orientations, gender identities and communities. These include LGBTQIA+, and others. The letters usually indicate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual people, with the plus symbol including other related identities. Note that a person's intersex status is separate to their sexual orientation or gender identity. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lightening "}]},{"type":"text","content":"describes the act of making something lighter, like a load, or a colour."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"likeable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"likable"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is also accepted by dictionaries."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"like, such as"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"like"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can exclude, where "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"such as"}]},{"type":"text","content":" includes. 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You might end up with a sentence similar to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He is not an actor, such as Tom Cruise, the Scientology enthusiast"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"line-up"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not lineup."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"liquid, liquefy, liquefied"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As in liquefied natural gas."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"littoral"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Relating to the shore of a lake, sea, or ocean. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lend"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a verb. You don’t "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"loan"}]},{"type":"text","content":" someone money; you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lend"}]},{"type":"text","content":" them money — you give them a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"loan."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"local government"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only upper case official titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brisbane City Council"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Brisbane council, the council said"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"local government"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Australian local government nomenclature varies. Council heads can variously be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mayors"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lord mayors"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"presidents"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Elected members are variously "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"councillors "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aldermen"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Ensure your descriptors are accurate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lockdown, shutdown"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Imprecise as general descriptors. Explain their meaning where possible, and what they mean for audiences. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lockdown "}]},{"type":"text","content":"implies restriction of personal movement, usually by the state, especially confinement to homes, as evinced shown by modified forms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"partial lockdown"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"full lockdown"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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As with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"clever"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"man, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"most generic reference is two words."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord’s"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"English cricket ground."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lycra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"M"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MacKillop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary MacKillop became Australia’s first saint on 17 October 2010."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mackintosh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the garment. 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"}]},{"type":"text","content":"Pilots measure altitude in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"feet"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; aircraft and ships specify engine output in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horsepower"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; horses are measured in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hands"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; and bullion dealers weigh gold by the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"troy ounce"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not convert these into metric equivalents."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mic, mic’d, mic-ing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use when transcribing colloquial phrases around microphone use. Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"miced"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micing."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micro-parties"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Micro-party"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micro-parties"}]},{"type":"text","content":" — two words joined by a hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"midterm, midterms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case, no hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mileage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kilometreage"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless you’re having a laugh."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This means a body of soldiers — usually civilians, rather than professional soldiers. An individual from the militia would be a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militiaman"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militiawoman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Milky Way"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised as such."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mindful of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"about."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minister, Minister"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full titles of incumbent government ministers, here or elsewhere: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for generic and plural use, or in reference to former office holders: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the minister said, federal and state health ministers"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" then-foreign affairs minister Alexander Downer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minutia, minutiae"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Small or trivial details."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"miracle"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fine in attributed quotes, but prone to overuse. Be wary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"misnegation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be wary of combining negated forms, as in the following: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Once again the Australian public completely fails to miss the point of the Barmy Army. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Logically, such a sentences conveys the opposite meaning to what they intend: the Australian public has not missed the point of the Barmy Army. Such sentences are relatively common, but for clarity’s sake cut the Gordian knot: if you mean the point "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"should not be missed"}]},{"type":"text","content":", say (or write) exactly that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mitigate, militate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Mitigate” is sometimes used by mistake for “militate”. “Mitigate” means “to make something less extreme”. It’s often used in reference to the severity of a punishment or the intensity of heat, anger or pain. “Mitigating circumstances” are those that reduce blame. “Militate (against)” means “to be a force (against)” or “to work (against)”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mixed metaphors, literary allusion"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As the following example sentence shows, if you start a sentence in one metaphor it’s wise to finish in the same one: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they’ve put all their eggs in one basket and it’s misfired"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Take special care, too, when using literary or classical allusions. The type of person apt to notice them is especially apt to notice if you muck them up, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"After a decade of inaction, we may already be too far down the Rubicon."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mixtape"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mohammed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred spelling for the prophet of Islam. For a more comprehensive overview of terminology in Islam, consult "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Arabic and Islamic Primer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the ABC Intranet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord Monckton"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is either: Christopher Monckton; Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley or Lord Monckton. Never Lord Christopher Monckton as this would only be used if he was the younger son of a Duke or Marquis eg. Lord Randolph Churchill son of the Duke of Malborough."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Moqtada al-Sadr"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Iraqi Shiite cleric."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MP"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abbreviation for member of parliament. Plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MPs"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mullah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A Muslim teacher or scholar. The term is most commonly associated with countries such as Iran where Shia Islam is dominant but is also used in countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Azerbaijan where Sunni Muslims dominate. The term is rarely used in Sunni Arabic-speaking communities, where Imam” or shaykh are the common usages."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mumbai"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Bombay"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray-Darling Basin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always hyphenate. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray-Darling basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the basin "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in subsequent reference. Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lower basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"upper basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Adjacent geographical features don’t always take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray lower lakes."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"music genres"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Here are some that cause orthographic trouble: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hip hop, metalcore, heavy metal, hardcore, post-punk, nu-metal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R\u0026B"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rock ‘n’ roll."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant strain"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant virus "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and other alarmist language; mutations are changes in the genetic material, happen frequently and are not (by themselves) cause for alarm. Emerging forms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are best referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"variants"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Muzak"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trademark, so capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My School"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Official website name is two separate words, both capped"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is the name of the country. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Burma"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless the country’s previous name is editorially relevant. When referring to the country’s residents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people of Myanmar"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar people"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adjectival form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar custom"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar cuisine. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmarese"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"myself"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myself"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a reflexive pronoun, which means it is used when the object of a verb is the same as its subject: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he gave himself a raise. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Sometimes reflexive pronouns are incorrectly used where a subject or object case pronoun ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"me"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"text","content":") would do just as well: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"experienced professional journalists like myself and Mia Freedman. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this misuse."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"N"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"name changes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unless there are compelling editorial or legal reasons not to do so, refer to a person by their chosen name. When an individual is known to the public by their prior name, it may be necessary to use it sparingly to inform audiences: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadian actor Elliot Page, formerly known as Ellen, says he is transgender. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Once the new name is established, avoid using the former name. Use an individual’s chosen name in headlines."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NAPLAN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out or explain the acronym in headlines, or even body text. If it needs explaining, simply refer to it in the first mention as “the standardised literacy and numeracy tests” or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"narc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the pejorative contraction of “narcotics agent”. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nark."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"narrow victory"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A win by 100 to 99, in sport or politics, is self-evidently a narrow one. Avoid the obvious."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NASA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, but no need to spell out."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"National Broadband Network, NBN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap and write out in full in first instance. The abbreviation is acceptable in second reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Title, native title"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in most reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a native title action"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the court determined a native title claim"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Upper case in specific reference to legislation or official bodies: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Native Title Act"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the National Native Title Tribunal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NATO"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, but no need to spell out."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Testament"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new year, New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No cap for the generic sense: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament delayed voting until the new year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new year celebrations. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for specifics: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Eve"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese New Year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Honours"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New York City"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But lower case in other related constructions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New York state."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"newspapers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Age"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Age newspaper"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In passing reference, drop the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the news was reported in today’s Age."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ngaanyatjarra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal group of the Australian Western Desert."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nicknames"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usually capitalised in reference to famous sobriquets: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Iron Lady"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Alexander the Great"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andre the Giant"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ni-Vanuatu, Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vanuatuan"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use either as the adjectival descriptor for ethnic Melanesian people from Vanuatu: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"More than 300 ni-Vanuatu workers are picking mangoes… seasonal workers from Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ni-van "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is also commonly used, though is colloquial. Depending on the context, it may be necessary to explain that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ni-Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the term for people from the country."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nobel prize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the name of each prize, e.g. the Nobel Peace Prize, the Nobel Prize in Literature. Some will say there is no such thing as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Nobel Prize in economics. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is technically true, if overwhelmingly pedantic. The "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is younger, true (first awarded in 1968, against 1901 for the main awards) and more commercial (presented by a bank, not the Swedish Academy). But it is presented at the same ceremony as all the other ones and so is commonly referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Nobel Prize in Economics"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"none"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is a myth that “none” has to take a singular verb: plural is acceptable and often sounds more natural, e.g. “none of the issues have been resolved”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"none the wiser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was none the wiser "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was little the wiser"}]},{"type":"text","content":") means to be was still confused. But drop the article in the positive version: ‘I was a little wiser’, not ‘I was a little "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" wiser’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Noongar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Largest Indigenous population in Western Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A conjunction used to continue negation after an initial negative clause, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myer’s performance since listing has not helped, nor has the recent brutal market correction. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"It is also commonly found acting as a correlative conjunction after "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"neither"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"your health records are neither safe nor secure. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In this example, using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"or "}]},{"type":"text","content":"would be nonstandard."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nordic countries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. Scandinavia is a more specific ethnic/cultural term, which is generally only used for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and tends to exclude Greenland, which is a territory of Denmark."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"North Pole"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"numbers, measurements"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For plain numbers, spell out from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zero"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nine"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but use numerals from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10 "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"999,999"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Millions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are written in words and figures, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"1 million"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"8.6 billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Once a number gets to 1,000, use a comma. Spell out ordinals from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ninth"}]},{"type":"text","content":", thereafter "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"31st"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"With measurements, always use a numeral, even if the number is smaller than 10, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3 kilometres"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"three kilometres"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"6 kilograms"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six kilograms. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out measurements in the first instance, then use the symbol in subsequent references. Like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sydney could expect up to 200 millimetres of rainfall … Only 10mm is expected in the state’s west. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Put the symbol next to the numeral; you don’t need a space between them."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use numerals in reference to timed events. Spell out "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hours"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minutes"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seconds"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference; in subsequent reference, separate units of measurement with a colon: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary Jones finished the marathon in 2 hours, 18 minutes and 42 seconds… silver medallist Mary Macklin crossed the line in 2:18:46."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When starting a sentence with a number, do not use numerals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fourteen Board members arrived; five were from Queensland. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For ages: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"22-year-old Joseph Nagel "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" six-year-old Jenny Sanders"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the woman was in her 30s"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Betting odds are separated by an en dash: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100–1"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10–1"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General principles:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid overusing numbers in script copy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid putting numbers first in a sentence. Listeners can easily miss the first words of a news item."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When writing scripts for broadcast, write measurements in full: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"millilitres, kilometres per hour,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Consider whether the numbers or measurements involved in your story require precision, or a round figure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"On rounding: say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"about"}]},{"type":"text","content":", rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"approximately"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some — "}]},{"type":"text","content":"the latter is non-conversational, formal-speak. Say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"more than 500"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"over 500."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a precise figure is essential to the meaning, it may be necessary to repeat it."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"O"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Palestinian Territory, Occupied Territories"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Palestinian Territory "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Territories "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to Gaza, East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Avoid the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in reference to these entities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OECD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full on first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Abbreviate in second reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OECD."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"off of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People often object to this this particular construction (preposition + "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"of"}]},{"type":"text","content":") on the basis of colloquialism. In more formal registers, just use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"off "}]},{"type":"text","content":"instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offbeat, offhand, offside"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offshore"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Oh!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not O!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"oil rig"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For exploration and drilling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OK"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okay"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But write out the verb form in full: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okaying"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okayed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Olympics, Olympian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise in all references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Olympics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Winter Olympics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Olympic Games, the Games"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid “former Olympian”; once an athlete competes they are an Olympian for life."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ombudsman, ombudsmen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the full name of the ombudsman in the first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the ombudsman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on to, onto"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onto"}]},{"type":"text","content":", like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"into"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is written as one word when a preposition ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jump onto the boat"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"walk onto the stage"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and otherwise as two words ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"carry on to the end"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"move on to discuss other things"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one another"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use one another if more than two use each other for two only."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one in six, one in ten, agreement "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q: Are constructions like this singular or plural? A: Yes. Both singular and plural verbs are used depending on whether the referent is a single person or a mass of people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One Australian in every three is a migrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":" exists happily alongside "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one in five Australian children have gone hungry in the past twelve months"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-time adviser to the Liberals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"online, offline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"working online, etc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"only"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Misplacing “only” can greatly affect the meaning. Put it as close as you can to the phrase it modifies and take care that you don’t turn the sentence into a comment. “He was sentenced to only three years jail” suggests we think he got off lightly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onscreen, offscreen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She’s likeable "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onscreen"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offscreen"}]},{"type":"text","content":" less so. Same goes for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onstage, backstage, offstage."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ophthalmologist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Are specialists in ophthalmology. Mind that first "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"h"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Order of Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are four levels of appointment, listed in descending order of prestige, with attendant postnominal:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Companion (AC), Officer (AO), Member (AM) and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Order of Australia is not an award. It recognises people for achievement or for meritorious service. People are not awarded an Order of Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A person is made a Companion (AC), an Officer (AO) or a Member (AM) of the Order of Australia, or receives a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM).”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"orangutan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ordinance, ordnance"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former refers to laws or regulation, the latter to weaponry."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"orient, disorient"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Same as (and preferred to) ‘orientate’, ‘disorientate’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-our, -or"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use -our, not -or, for words such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behaviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flavour"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"our"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The ABC does not own cities, troops, a swimming team, or the weather. Use the appropriate terms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian cities"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Olympic swimmers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adelaide weather"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian dollar"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"outlook"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The outlook is good. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the outlook looks good"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is tautological."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Oxford comma, serial comma"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A comma placed before the last item in a list: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she ate grapes, toast, and cheese"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid unless it aids the reader or prevents ambiguity."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"P"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"p’s and q’s"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case, no apostrophes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pacific Islander, Pasifika"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both terms are used to refer to people living in Australia or New Zealand with Pacific Island heritage. Both are collective terms: where possible, be specific and describe your talent the way they wish to be described. See also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paean"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"song of praise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paedophile, paedophilia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedophile "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or derived forms. Be careful with the use of hyphens: a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child-sex offender"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can only be a paedophile; a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child sex offender"}]},{"type":"text","content":" could be a young person charged with sex offences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pair"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to two people, treat as a plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the pair were charged"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the pair are due to face court."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"palate, palette"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palate "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is taste, or the roof of your mouth … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"palette "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a range of colours or a painter’s board."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian Authority"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PA for short."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palme d’Or"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The highest prize awarded at the Cannes film festival."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"panic buy, panic buying"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphen for verb senses, but not for noun senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an epidemic of panic buying"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canberrans panic-bought toilet paper."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pantyhose"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not pantihose."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paparazzi, paparazzo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural and singular, respectively."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on par, on a par with"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not quite the same: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I’m feeling a bit below par. The golfer finished the round six under par. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Can home schooling be on a par with the state-run system?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Paralympic Games"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Or Paralympics."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parker Bowles, Camilla "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Duchess of Cornwall. No hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parkinson’s disease "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Include the possessive apostrophe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament, parliament"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case proper names or full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament House, the 46"},{"type":"tagname","key":"sup","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"th"}]},{"type":"text","content":" Parliament of Australia. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In all other cases, lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state parliament sits next week, all eyes in parliament have been on Peter Dutton. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full names of overseas parliaments and their equivalents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"US Congress, Britain’s House of Commons, Russia’s Duma "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Russia’s parliament"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"past tense"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you start a sentence in the past tense, you should continue in the past tense."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"So:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Superintendent MacArthur said there is no breakthrough yet. (Wrong)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Superintendent MacArthur said there was no breakthrough yet. (Right)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He said although police have spoken to a number of people, no-one has been charged. (Wrong)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He said although police had spoken to a number of people, no-one had been charged. (Right)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"See more under entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tense"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pastime"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s what you do to pass the time."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"patient zero"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In stories where scientific accuracy is critical, it may be clearer to use terms such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"index case "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(the first case to come to the attention of investigators) and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"primary case"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (the case responsible for bringing disease to an area)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peccadillo "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peccadilloes"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"What you do to a bicycle. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Peddle "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is what a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedlar "}]},{"type":"text","content":"does, unless he’s a drug "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peddler"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Both words mean the same thing, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peddler"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is more common in the US. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Impending"}]},{"type":"text","content":", on the other hand, means “something about to happen”. For the sake of conversational English, avoid both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peninsula"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This is a noun. 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Fine to use in Latin set phrases : "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per capita"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per se"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per annum"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per head"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"percent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"%"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Can be shortened in headlines or similar: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"House prices set to rise 15pc: analyst. Percentage"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is one word. A percentage should be written as a figure ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"2 per cent, 24 per cent"}]},{"type":"text","content":") unless used to start a sentence. Be wary of the difference between "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"percentage point"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per se"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by or in itself; intrinsically. It’s Latin, and sometimes appears in transcripts as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per say"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is wrong."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"perspex"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to capitalise, unless you are referring to the specific trademarked product ."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arts is plural. But in the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) the word ‘Art’ is singular"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perpetual Loyal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only use initial capitals, rather than spelling LOYAL with all caps."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phase"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Refers to a period of time, or a phase of development. A homophone, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"faze"}]},{"type":"text","content":", means worry, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nothing fazed her"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PhD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note that capitalisation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phenomenon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word and its plural often get misused. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Phenomena"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the plural but many use it when they mean phenomenon. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A phenomena"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is incorrect. It should be two or more phenomena."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Philippines, Philippine islands, Philippine president, Philippines government"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inhabitants are Filipino (m), Filipina (f), Filipinos (m + f)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phone numbers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast, phone numbers are rarely remembered by listeners. They need to be stated clearly and repeated regularly. The aim is to make the numbers as simple as possible to remember."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where a number has six numbers — e.g. 131300 — it should be stated as “One three one, three hundred”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"131273 should be stated as “One three one, two seven three.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our talkback numbers and other 1300 numbers should be stated as “One three-hundred”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Eight numbers — e.g. 42791856 — should be expressed as “Four two seven nine, one eight five six”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For ten digit mobile numbers use the four-number prefix — for 0428 say “zero four two eight”, and then break the following six numbers into two parts — “three six nine, five eight four”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Double numbers such as “66” should be expressed as “double 6” and, similarly, three numbers would be “triple 6” and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For broadcast, refer to emergency services numbers as “triple zero”, not “triple oh”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Text Messages: We use the term “Text” rather than “SMS”. Don’t refer to text authors by their phone number, or any abbreviation of it."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Other numbers and lists: finance information, currency, calendar dates and numbers are an area where we risk variation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where providing lists (such as key exchange rates), present the list in the same sequence every time — remember, listeners are creatures of habit."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phosphorus (noun), phosphorous (adjective)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mind the extra "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"u."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photojournalist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, no hyphen required"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photos, pics"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photo’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pix"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photoshop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Started life as a trademark, but now in such common use that it no longer requires a capital letter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pigeonhole"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Verb or noun"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pilates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You need to capitalise this, as it refers to a specific fitness regime named after Thomas Pilates."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Strictly speaking, should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PIN"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as it is an acronym and stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"personal identification number"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adding "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"number"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is therefore redundant. However, the expression "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is now so common that it is considered acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pitjantjatjara"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Major Aboriginal language group"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plain English"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use it. For example, we prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"begin"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"start "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to the rather pompous "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buy "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to the equally pompous "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"purchase"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plaster of paris"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No caps for paris."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plasticine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plateau (singular), plateaus (plural)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"not plateaux"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Play-Doh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s a trademark. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"play-dough "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for generic reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"play-off (noun), play off (verb)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PlayStation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"playwright, playwriting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A playwright practises the art of playwriting. therefore it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"playwriting prize"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not ‘playwrighting prize’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pleaded"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pled"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police, cop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formal "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is preferred to informal "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cop, cops"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in body copy."},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cop"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be acceptable in headlines, particularly for lighter stories: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Top cop honoured for bravery"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cop killer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable: all refer to different groupings of Pacific Island countries. Melanesian is sometimes considered offensive on etymological grounds. Where possible, be specific and describe your talent in their preferred terms."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pope, papal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case Pope when used as a full title or preceding a name: Pope John Paul II. 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Will be relevant in some legal stories, where they should be noted in first reference but not thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bret Walker SC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"… Mr Walker said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Post-it"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise. Note no capital on "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Latin means “after death”, and is often used as an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem examination"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem "}]},{"type":"text","content":"has also been used as a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Review of post-mortem delays murder case"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some view this as nonstandard: if you’re worried, just use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autopsy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-op, pre-op"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid in reference to transgender people. Write out in full for sporting or other medical contexts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prayut Chan-o-cha"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Thai military leader and Prime Minister. Formerly "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prayuth Chanocha."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Premier"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap it for an incumbent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"No cap for past state leaders: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former NSW premier Bob Carr"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The Chinese traditionally give their Prime Minister the title of premier: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Premier Wen Jiabao"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Bermuda, too, has a premier rather than a Prime Minister."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers, minor premiers, champions, championship"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable in domestic sporting codes. In AFL and NRL competitions, teams are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minor premiers "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they complete their season at the top of the league table, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they win the grand final (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiership"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). In the A-League, by contrast, teams finishing the season at the top of the ladder are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"champions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they win the grand final (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"championship"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"preposition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ending a sentence with a preposition is fine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"something to aim for"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a great place to walk to"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prescribe, proscribe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prescribe"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to lay down as a rule to be followed. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Proscribing"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to forbid, denounce or condemn. A sentence such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"development can only take place under certain proscribed circumstances"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is incorrect."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister-elect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"president-elect"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But in Australia, we have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister-designate."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pronunciation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When copy contains difficult or unfamiliar words, provide a precise pronunciation guide at the top of the page. Be guided by your talent, or by a resource such as ABC Language. If you don’t know it, don’t guess."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pronouns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the pronouns a person chooses to go by. For some people, this may include singular they, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dr Andy Kaladelfos agreed… they said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prophet, the Prophet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when used preceding the name of someone considered to be divine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prophet Mohammed"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prophet Elijah"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for general or idiomatic use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a false prophet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prophets of doom"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"punctuation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"apostrophe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To form the possessive of singular nouns or indefinite pronouns, add an apostrophe and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s"}]},{"type":"text","content":": "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a dog’s breakfast"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a room of one’s own"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Plural nouns ending in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"just get the apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the politicians’ dispute"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"athletics’ darkest day"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Treat plural forms not ending in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as you would singular nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"children’s games"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For proper names ending in s, add an apostrophe and another s: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lucas’s parents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Higgins’s claim"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Laos’s position in the centre of Asia"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Note some set phrases are treated as singular: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"writer’s block"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cow’s milk"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a period of time modifies a noun, use an apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he was sentenced to 10 years’ jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she is taking six weeks’ holiday"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or rewrite the phrase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he was sentenced to 10 years in jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she is taking six weeks off"}]},{"type":"text","content":". No apostrophes when the time period is adverbial: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"two weeks old"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six months pregnant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Misplacing an apostrophe can change the meaning of a phrase. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My brother’s friend’s house"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is different to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my brothers’ friend’s house"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and different again to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my brother’s friends’ house. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Australian place names generally don’t have apostrophes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kings Cross"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Badgerys Creek"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some international place names retain them. Always check."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brackets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The rules for using brackets are simple: words added into a quote should be contained in square brackets, to make it clear that we’ve inserted them: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I like them [cakes] but I prefer to bake other things. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Keep the original word in there; don’t replace it with the word in brackets. Add "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"[sic]"}]},{"type":"text","content":" after an incorrect or unusual spelling in a written quote, to show the error was from the quoted person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer [sic] and landed lip first. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use round brackets for parentheses, or after an unfamiliar acronym to spell out in full."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bullet points"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t put a full stop at the end of bullet points in Key Points boxes. With longer bullet points that consist of full sentences, you can use full stops — just make sure you’re consistent within a story."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"colons"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon (not a comma) to introduce quotes if the quote is a full sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The company released a statement, which"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" "}]},{"type":"text","content":"said: “This is a tragedy and our thoughts are with the families.” "}]},{"type":"text","content":"No colon if the quote is only a fragment: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms Asher said the taste was “bitter and horrible”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon to precede a list:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" There are three MPs who are still undecided: Marise Clark, Joe Aberdy, and Samantha Hardy. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon when the first part of a sentence introduces a proposition that is resolved in the second part. This makes the meaning clearer than if you just used a comma. For example, compare these versions of a sentence:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She raised $100,000 over the period"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":","}]},{"type":"text","content":" $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She raised $100,000 over the period"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":":"}]},{"type":"text","content":" $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Using a comma implies that she raised a total of $200,000. Using a colon makes it clear that she raised a total of $100,000, made up of two amounts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Colons are also used to separate kickers (or quotes, or similar) from the rest of the headline. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget 2020: What do we know so far? "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In cases like the above, cap after the colon. Normal capital letter conventions apply when you’re using a colon in a headline for the purposes of attribution. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Murray River is dying: researchers"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Murray River is dying: Greens"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The general rule with commas is that the sentence should still make sense without whatever sits between the commas: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The director, Sofia Coppola, said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"You could also write this without commas at all: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Director Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Both are correct. The comma-free option can run into trouble if the person being described has a long title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN special coordinator for the Middle East peace process Robert Serry arrived on Tuesday. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"If that’s the case, rewrite with parenthetical commas."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Whatever you do, don’t drop a single parenthetical comma but leave the other one in. In other words, avoid punctuating like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The director, Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast scripts — like much 19th century literature — often use commas to indicate points at which a reader can take a breath. Such commas should be removed in any online copy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dashes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are three types of dashes: the em rule, the en rule and the hyphen. Internationally, their use is far from standardised. At the ABC we use them in the following ways."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an em rule (—) to create breaks in a sentence — like this. Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0151 on your keyboard’s number pad."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an en dash (–) to separate numbers, dates or distances: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"50–60 protesters"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"June–July figures"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Perth–Broome route"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If the dates include digits, put a space either side of the en dash: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"June 6 – July 4"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0150 on your keyboard’s number pad."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a hyphen (-) to link select words and phrases: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multi-billion-dollar deal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use a hyphen between words that could be better written as one word: it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waterfowl"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not water"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-fowl. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Always "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"check the Macquarie Dictionary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" if unsure. But no hyphen after adverbs ending in –"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ly"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or very: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a highly respected lawyer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound adjectives take a hyphen when they precede nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"middle-aged women, an eight-hour search"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If you’re unsure whether your compound takes a hyphen, try each modifier against the phrasal head. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big red car "}]},{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t need a hyphen — you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"big car"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":". On the other hand, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old-growth forests "}]},{"type":"text","content":"needs a hyphen. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Old forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" make sense, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"growth forests "}]},{"type":"text","content":"does not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ellipses, ellipsis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an ellipsis to show that you’ve removed words from a quote: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“But I really wanted him to know, I mean I wanted him to know that he was wrong.” "}]},{"type":"text","content":"becomes "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I really wanted him to know … he was wrong.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Put a space either side of an ellipsis. To create: hold down the Alt key and press 0133 on your keyboard’s number pad. This creates an unbreakable ellipsis, which means you won’t end up with some full stops on one line and the rest on another line. It’s also only a single character, too, so it’s handy for Twitter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"semicolon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Semicolons serve two purposes: linking independent clauses, and clarifying items in a series. When linking independent clauses, the semicolon often serves a similar function to the coordinating conjunctions "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"and"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"for"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It has a degree of obstruence greater than a comma but less than a full stop: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My sister loves mussels; her husband hates them."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quotation marks, quotes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only use single quotation marks for quotes in headlines and subheads: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"‘Win for democracy’ as NSW government backflips to release secret documents. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use double quotation marks for quotes in text: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Look at the beauty!” Mr Palta said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For quotes within quotes, alternate between double and single quotation marks. If both quoted elements end at the same time, group punctuation together: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I told her, ‘I know who you really are.’”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nicknames, irony, and unfamiliar terms all take double quotes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andrew “Twiggy” Forest"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the “debate” turned into a free-for-all"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government’s new “medihotels” will be privately built and operated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be aware: irony and unfamiliar terms may be mistaken for quoted material. Write around this if necessary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where quotes run over several lines, begin each with a double quotation mark. Don’t use using closing quotes until the end of the excerpted speech:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“At this stage we don’t believe the containers themselves pose a threat to the whales themselves."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“[There have been] no reports of any injury to wildlife or marine life, no strikes of any vessels at this stage.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"puns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The occasional and judicious use of puns can brighten up our writing. But it is easy to overdo."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Qantas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"QC, KC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use without comma for postnominals:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Stuart Littlemore QC, KC"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queen’s Birthday honours list"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queensland, Qld"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abbreviation is Qld, not QLD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Question Time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"queue, queueing OR queuing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"both spellings are acceptable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine, isolation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some medical authorities maintain a distinction between these terms. In this view, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"isolation "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means separating the infected from the healthy, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means removing the healthy from the general public to monitor the development of symptoms. Where relevant (e.g. contrasting global public health approaches, explaining health directives), note the difference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R U OK? Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note spacing and capital letters."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R\u0026B"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"RnB"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radiographer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Takes x-rays … a radiologist interprets them afterwards"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"raft"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Raft"}]},{"type":"text","content":" has become a popular way to describe a big collection of things, like ‘a raft of awards’, but it has a subtly ironic tone. Therefore ‘…following a raft of attacks on Indian students’ was a questionable choice of words. Avoid this cliche."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rain event"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteorological jargon, best avoided in place of more prosaic substitutes e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rain"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rainfall"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"raze"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care when using on radio or TV: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the building was razed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" sounds the same as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the building was raised"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"recreational drugs, party drugs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the terms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"recreational drugs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"party drugs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of quotes. Better still, be specific: name the drug. Is it cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reason because, reason why"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Redundancies. Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reconciled"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reconcile to an idea or a cause, but reconcile with another person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"days before his execution, he was reconciled to the idea of death"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"John reconciled with Ahmed after their argument."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reform, reforms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of this term’s positive connotations when it comes to contentious subjects: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tax reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"industrial relations reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion law reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Consider a neutral alternative: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"change"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"overhaul"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or remove altogether: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The government has put tax reform on the agenda "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can easily become "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The government has put tax on the agenda. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Also be aware of associated cliches: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sweeping reforms"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" tranche of reforms"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" raft of measures"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refute"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It means “to prove something (a statement, theory, a charge) false or incorrect”. It does not mean “denied”, “rejected”, “disagreed with”, “dismissed”, “ridiculed” or “repudiated”. If we use “refute”, we are effectively accepting and endorsing one side of an argument."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"right wing, the right, right-wing politician, rightwinger, the Labor Party’s Right faction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitalisation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roll over"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The term implies a certain motivation for the witness’s action, and may even suggest guilt. Be careful using it."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roller-coaster, emotional roller-coaster"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the hyphens, avoid the cliche."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round-up, round up"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We bring you a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round-up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(noun) of the news. We "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(verb) the news to bring you this round-up."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Royal Australian Air Force"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Air Force (RAAF)."}]},{"type":"text","content":" In second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the RAAF, the Air Force."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"royal commissions, royal commissioners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use capitals when referring to the commission’s full name in the first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In subsequent references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the royal commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. If you’re using a shortened version of the name use lowercase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the royal commission into child sexual abuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Plural forms should also be lowercase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multiple royal commissions"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Royal commission heads take ordinary honorifics (not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Judge "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Justice"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and their job title is lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Hayne took issue with Ms Perkovic’s non-answer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the commissioner said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Russian roulette"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First word only is capitalised."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S\u0026P 500"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saccharin, saccharine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saccharin "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in reference to the artificial sweetener. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saccharine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for the adjective meaning ‘of a sugary sweetness’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sahara"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic word meaning desert, so no need for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sahara desert."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"said"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred over added, commented, stated etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saint, St"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full for a saint’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saint Joan of Arc"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For placenames, abbreviate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"St Stephen’s Cathedral. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Note: no full stop."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"same, similar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The words “same” and “similar” are similar but not the same. They are sometimes treated as if they are synonymous: “There were six people killed in Western Australia and a similar number in Queensland.” If six were killed in Queensland, then it’s the “same” as the number killed in Western Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"same-sex marriage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred in most contexts to alternatives "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay marriage "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"marriage equality"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Samoa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Western Samoa. Not to be confused with American Samoa."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"SAS"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Special forces regiment of the Australian Army. Technically it is the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) but more commonly known as SAS, so we stick with that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Scandinavia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sweden, Denmark and Norway … not Finland or Iceland. If you add Finland and Iceland to the Scandinavian countries, you are talking about the Nordic countries."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sceptic, sceptical"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note: the Australian Skeptics Association, and similar state-based organisations, retain the American spelling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"schizophrenia, schizophrenic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid using the word in colloquial or figurative senses. It can be distressing to those living with this illness, and their families."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"scientific names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Biological names take italics. Upper case genus, lower case species: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Homo sapiens"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tyrannosaurus rex."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sea Shepherd"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The conservation group is called Sea Shepherd. They use various vessels in their anti-whaling activities, including the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Steve Irwin"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seas, oceans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sea "}]},{"type":"text","content":"refers to any of the salt waters that cover the Earth. Upper case when being specific: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Black Sea"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Pacific Ocean"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc. By contrast, ocean refers solely to the vast body of salt water that covers three-quarters of the Earth, and is divided up into five constituent parts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Atlantic"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pacific"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arctic"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"secondary, second"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a secondary infection (like an ear infection following on from the primary infection of a cold), secondary education (following on from primary education). But a second heart attack, a second cold (suffering the same illness again)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"secretary-general"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Also director-general, vice-chancellor, vice-president — all take a hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"self-isolation, social distancing, physical distancing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"These terms are often used interchangeably to refer to measures designed to slow the spread of viral transmission. Where relevant, explain what is meant by each (see note at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine, isolation"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senate, House of Representatives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"September 11"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"9/11 is also acceptable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"set to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If something is going to happen, “will” is better. Often the “set” can also be removed, especially in headlines. So: g"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"overnment set to release budget "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in a headline could simply become "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Government to release budget. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The following story would then simply say “The Government "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"will "}]},{"type":"text","content":"release…”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sewage, sewerage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sewage is the raw material that may be carried by pipes and treated in plants which together are called sewerage systems. So it’s a sewage treatment plant but a sewerage system."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sex change, sex change operation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid. Some alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sex reassignment surgery"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender confirmation surgery"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In general, avoid emphasising the role of surgery in the gender transition process. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender transition"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Al Shabaab"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African terrorism group. Not Shebab."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Minister, Shadow Ministers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While not an official title, Shadow Minister is a common term and is almost always used for certain roles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Attorney General"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Treasurer."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shark attack"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An imprecise and potentially misleading term, best used to describe serious or fatal shark bites. For less serious interactions, consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shark sighting"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shen Neng 1"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Shen Neng One. The Chinese coal-carrier that ran aground off Rockhampton uses the numeral in its name, not the word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ships"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Military vessels of any nation take this form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HMAS Adelaide"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"USS Kitty Hawk"}]},{"type":"text","content":". HMAS stands for Her Majesty’s Australian Ship so you do not need to put "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" before the vessel’s name. Refer to ships, aircraft, and other vehicles with neuter, not female, pronouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Ever Given didn’t look like it was going anywhere"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"simplistic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is not a fancy synonym for “simple”. It means oversimplified. Be careful how you use it because it has negative connotations. There’s a big difference between a simple explanation and a simplistic explanation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"singular, plural"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care your copy does not mix up singulars and plurals. General points:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A singular subject takes a singular verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the murderer was sentenced to 46 years."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural subjects take a plural verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women have 42 per cent less superannuation at retirement."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two linked singular subjects generally require a plural verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lano and Woodley are reuniting."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Groups, communities and governments are generally singular, unless they have a plural name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Coalition is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"maintaining its tough stance on border protection, the Brisbane Bullets are maintaining their lead."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some collective nouns may be used with singular or plural verbs depending on what best suits the situation. 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Lower case and hyphen in geographical reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a number of severe storm cells formed in south-east Queensland"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Speaker"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in reference to parliamentary office holder."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"specialise, specialist, speciality"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"be a specialist "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in"}]},{"type":"text","content":" a particular field (not on). 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Preferred acronyms for Australian states and territories: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ACT, NSW, NT, SA, WA, Qld, Tas, Vic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"stationary"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"not moving"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"stationery"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pens and paper"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sterling"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"stirling."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"still life, still lifes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"still lives."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"storyteller"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"straits, Strait"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A bad situation is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dire straits"}]},{"type":"text","content":", a body of water is the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Torres Strait"}]},{"type":"text","content":", reformed criminals are on the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"straight and narrow"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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Should be capped."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"subcontinent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"submarine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Submarines cannot be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grounded"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"subsequent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Watch out for tautologies like this one: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Since the subsequent crackdown that followed, signs of dissent and street demonstrations are a rarity."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sudoku"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capital S."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cars, buildings and other inanimate objects don’t feel pain. They have been "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"damaged"}]},{"type":"text","content":", they have not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffered damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":". People can be hurt or injured, but do not let them "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sustain injuries"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffer from, suffers from"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, avoid in reference to diseases or disorders e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she suffers from depression"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The phrase can cause undue offence and take up valuable time in broadcast copy. Besides, what’s wrong with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"has"}]},{"type":"text","content":"?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suicide, commit suicide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the phrase "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"committed suicide. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Other terms are readily available: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed himself"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"took their own life"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Advice on how to report on suicides, the language to use and the amount of detail that is justified depending on the circumstances can all be found in the ABC’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/suicide-and-self-harm/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the subject."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summonsed, summoned"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summonsed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to appear in court, but you would be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summoned"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to the boss’s office."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Sun, the Moon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in astronomical reference to the star at the centre of our Solar System, or to our planet’s only natural satellite: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the closest photos ever taken of the Sun’s surface"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Moon’s first 4G network"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to other suns or moons, or in general reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she’s over the moon"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the sun slowly set"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"superlatives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Careful with these: as soon as you report that something is the biggest or the worst, it’s likely someone will come along to claim otherwise. Avoid using words you think add impact where they are unjustified or unnecessary. Here’s a handy list: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unique, unmatched, unprecedented, sole, exceptional, only, greatest, largest, fastest, heaviest, longest, smallest, record, slowest, tallest, matchless, exclusive, least, most, inimitable, irreplaceable."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"swear words, coarse language, slurs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Per the ABC’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/7-harm-and-offence/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"editorial standards"}]},{"type":"text","content":", content that is likely to harm or offend must be justified by the context in which it appears. If coarse language is likely to cause harm or offence, language warnings must generally be provided. Use common sense: isolated swearing in a lengthy news feature, for example, would generally be less likely to cause offence than that same coarse language used in children’s programming."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use asterisks to blur out harsh language in any public-facing fields such as titles and teaser titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t F*** With Cats raises uncomfortable questions, victim tells court ‘no means f***ing no’"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In body copy, either asterisk out any coarse language or provide a language warning as needed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"symbols"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid using symbols (such as @ and \u0026) unless they’re a recognised part of a trademark or title."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"T"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, Republic of China"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwanese "}]},{"type":"text","content":"when referring to the government based on the island or to people from the island: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Xi had Taiwan on his mind"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwanese voters head to the mid-terms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese Taipei "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to the official name of a Taiwanese delegation, usually in sporting contexts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese Taipei was one of just three Asian teams to qualify"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use the official name where precision requires it: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan’s presidential office said the Republic of China — the island’s official name — was a sovereign and independent country."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tarin Kot"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The capital of Uruzgan (also written ‘Oruzgan’) province in southern Afghanistan. The town where Australian troops were based. The ADF changed the spelling to Tarin Kot in 2011, and this is now recommended for ABC use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"taser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taser is an acronym for Thomas A Swift’s Electric Rifle, but as its usage has become more common, a capital T is no longer required. Also, t"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aser, tasered, tasering "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the preferred verb form (over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tase"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmania"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When abbreviating: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tas. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The hypocorism "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tassie "}]},{"type":"text","content":"should be avoided in most formal settings."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tautology"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means saying the same thing twice using different words: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"closing the case means it won’t be re-examined again. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Either "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"re-examined"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"examined again. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tea-tree"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but teacup, teabag, teapot, teaspoon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"temperature"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case and spelled out in first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34 degrees Celsius. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Thereafter, number and upper case C, no space: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34C"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Temperatures are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"high "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"low"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The weather, or climate more generally, is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hot"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cold"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nothing to do with tenants, please."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenpin bowling"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tenpin is one word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Writing for online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In news articles, your teaser text and short teaser text should be in present tense. The first paragraph should also be in an active tense. The rest of the story should be in the past tense, unless specifically referencing ongoing or future events."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Whatever tense you are using, ensure you are consistent. If you start in the past tense, continue in the past tense. Avoid the following:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The businessman announced plans to re-enter the political arena and says he will consider running against the MP for Herbert"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you are writing a personal essay or a feature, the present tense is fine. But again, be consistent within sentences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For radio news and other broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In some broadcast formats (notably radio news) the preferred style is to use the present tense for stories."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, says he does not know when the budget will be announced"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Turnbull says he is waiting to hear from the treasurer"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"That doesn’t mean we avoid the past tense, which is useful when referring to — shock horror — actions that have taken place in the past but at worth mentioning in a current story."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"At a conference in Canberra, Mr Turnbull said Australia and Malaysia “are becoming better friends.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Keep tenses the same within the same sentence:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She says she is happy with the outcome "}]},{"type":"text","content":"not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She says she was happy with the outcome."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Here’s a few more tips: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"led"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the past tense of the verb lead: Phrases like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he lead the team to victory"}]},{"type":"text","content":" appear all too often."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenterhooks"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on tenterhooks"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (not tender hooks)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The origin of the word comes from the 14th century, when cloth makers would use hooks to stretch out cloth on a frame called a ‘tenter’. Bet you didn’t know that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"territory, territories"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capital except when referring to specific formal locations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Northern Territory"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Capital Territory, the Australian Antarctic Territory"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Test"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when talking about sporting matches in cricket, rugby, netball and other sports: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the first Test between Australia and England"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bradman retired with a Test average of 99.94"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"That "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is optional in many contexts in English, but don’t omit it if it sacrifices clarity for brevity, as in this example:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberian Health Minister Carmen Jones says 300 civilians have been killed in intense fighting in the capital, warning the health services in Monrovia need urgent attention."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"At first glance, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the health services"}]},{"type":"text","content":" appears to be the direct object of the verb "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warning "}]},{"type":"text","content":"— that is, Ms Jones issued a warning to the health services."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In this case, putting "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that"}]},{"type":"text","content":" after "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warning"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would have made the meaning immediately clear."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the, The"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The definite article takes a capital when it is part of an official title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Science Show"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not all organisations include "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in their title and, as such, don’t take a capital letter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian Symphony Orchestra"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Sydney Writers’ Festival"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s, there is, there are"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In informal speech, using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"with a plural referent is common and acceptable: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s lots of flowering gums out at the moment"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid this use in more formal contexts, including news copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There have been reports of looting."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thermos"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a trademark for a particular brand of vacuum flask, but so commonly used as a generic term these days that there is no longer any need to capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"using ‘they’ to avoid s/he or ‘he or she’ in gender-sensitive writing is accepted, even when you’re referring to one person."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thin end of the wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"not thin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"edge"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of the wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"think tank"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"no hyphen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Third World"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Traditionally (since the 1950’s) this has referred to developing countries collectively, especially in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. However, this term has increasingly been seen by many as derogatory, and even its replacement ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing countries or nations) "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is not without some baggage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Less contentious alternatives can include "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing economies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"low or lower income countries"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or, less commonly, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lean economies"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thirtysomething, twentysomething"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, but 30-something, 40-something hyphenated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thousands"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"news feeds traditionally spell out thousand numbers as ’30 thousand’ for extra clarity. This is useful for a radio script but should be re-written for online publication as 30,000."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"throes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"…the Obama administration is in the final throes of deciding… not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"throws"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tidal wave, tsunami"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tidal wave"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a large wave caused by the combination of floods and high tides etc, usually caused by a hurricane or cyclone. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tsunami"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a large sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. Both expressions can be used figuratively to refer to an overwhelmingly widespread or powerful movement or reaction."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (general)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Most people get courtesy titles (Mr, Ms, Mrs, Dr, etc) in news stories. Exceptions to this are: athletes, entertainers, minors, obituary subjects, historical figures, chefs, models, journalists, spies, artists, musicians, filmmakers, anyone found guilty of a crime, anyone who pleads guilty to a crime, and terrorists. Courtesy titles never take a full stop."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference, use the person’s first name and surname without a title"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"text","content":"On subsequent reference, use the courtesy title and their surname: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Investment banker Harriet Morgan previously led investment missions to Spain. Ms Morgan said. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Unless someone specifically asks to be called "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Miss"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mrs,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" our style is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". (Though use common sense: if the subject of your story is a grandmother celebrating a diamond wedding anniversary, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mrs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a safe bet.)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use courtesy titles in less formal types of coverage, including features and analysis. If omitting a courtesy title runs counter to the overall tone of a story (e.g. an athlete charged before a court), leave the title in. Some people use gender-neutral or non-binary courtesy titles, such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mx."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Follow a person’s wish in using these titles, though in some instances it may be necessary to explain them to your audience."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (government)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, politicians take get their full title on first reference, with courtesy titles for subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Anthony Albanese today announced… Mr Albanese said. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Senators have their own courtesy title to use on subsequent reference:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced… Senator Thorpe said"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same principle holds for local government: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore today announced"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cr Moore said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (medical and academic)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Name and position description on first reference, courtesy title and surname on second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andrew Jones is a general practitioner in Blackwater. Dr Jones says the town is worried about coronavirus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"professor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when used as a courtesy title, but not when it isn’t: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UNSW economics professor David Miller said … Professor Miller explained"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t abbreviate "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Professor"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Associate and adjunct professorships do not confer the titles Professor or Associate Professor. Where possible, check the talent’s qualifications and use Dr if they have a relevant PhD."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Honorary doctorates do not usually confer the Dr title. A rule of thumb: if someone’s academic or medical status has no bearing on a story, they probably don’t need the courtesy title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Through his Minderoo Foundation, Mr Forrest said he would provide $10 million to build a volunteer army of more than 1,200 people"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (law enforcement)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use title and full name in first reference:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Assistant Commissioner Kerry Andrews"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Title and surname in second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Assistant Commissioner Andrews. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Police titles do not get abbreviated (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Det, Sgt"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). Avoid repeating wordy titles. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Detective "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a designation, not a rank, so "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Detective Sergeant Mick Jones "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sergeant Jones "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on second reference. But use caution: referring to a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senior Sergeant "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sergeant "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a demotion. Law enforcement ranks, and their progression, vary by state and territory. If in doubt, check with the relevant police force."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (military)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case military ranks only when they precede a name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lieutenant General John Frewen today announced…"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General Frewen said"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case at other times: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Air Vice-Marshal Meredith today announced… the vice-marshal said… air vice-marshal is one of the highest active ranks of the Royal Australian Air Force"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (orders of merit)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Title and full name on first reference, title and first name subsequently: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir David Attenborough… Sir David"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Note that titles of this type are not required in sport or entertainment stories: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"McCartney has said he wanted to continue performing with the Beatles, Verstappen overtook Hamilton on the last lap of the race."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"toe the line"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To behave according to the rules. Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tow the line"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ton, tonne"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imperial unit of mass (ton) approximately 1016 kilograms; metric unit of mass (tonne) 1000 kilograms. There are adjustments to do with long or short tons in shipping but for general use, ton and tonne are very close."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Increasingly interchangeable in common usage, but strictly speaking the old imperial ton is pronounced ‘tun’ while the metric tonne is pronounced ‘ton’. For general colloquial references (there are a ton of things to do) the preferred pronunciation is ‘tun’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"top-level, high-level"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t overdo them. Speaking in the same bulletin of “top-level Middle East talks” and “top-level talks over the future of Cottesloe Beach” will strike some listeners as silly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tort, torte"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tort "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is legal term referring to a civil injury rather than a criminal wrong. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"torte"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a cake, usually a highly decorated one."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"traditional owners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trans woman, trans man"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While in use, these terms may require a degree of explanation for audiences. Consider unabbreviated forms where appropriate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender women"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender men"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transcripts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Provide an accurate transcript of interview grabs and voice reports. Producers need transcripts to sub a new version of a story and make editorial assessments when compiling bulletins. Online requires transcripts to prepare its stories, including to obtain direct quotes. “In” and “out” words are sufficient if a story is being prepared close to bulletin time, but it is the reporter’s responsibility to get the transcript into iNews as soon as possible. Voice-reports filed from the field must also be transcribed – radio producers and assignment editors are responsible for vetting voice reports to ensure transcripts are completed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use as an adjective when relevant to a story: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ricki Coughlan was one of the first out transgender women in Australian sport. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use as a noun. Fine to abbreviate in subsequent reference, headlines, or less formal pieces: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perth has a strong trans men culture"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transsexual"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While still preferred by some individuals, do not use the former as an umbrella term or in place of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender"}]},{"type":"text","content":". See the entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBT"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple-A"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not AAA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple-0"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Written style for the emergency phone number."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"troop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In its general meaning as an assemblage of persons or things it can be used as a singular noun, but in military usage it is far more common and accepted to use it in the plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian troops"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trouper, trooper"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trouper"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is an actor in a theatrical troupe or someone who shows great devotion to duty. Hence the expression: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"what a trouper"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A trooper is a soldier, responsible for a different expression: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"swear like a trooper."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trucker, truckie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is an Americanism, best avoided in Australian stories. The latter is a colloquial shortening of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"truck driver"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Türkiye, Turkey"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As of May 2022, the country’s official English name is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Türkiye"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Preference that spelling wherever possible. It may be necessary to explain the change."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"turnaround"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, as in ‘signs of a turnaround’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"turnover, turn over"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The team racked up 20 turnovers"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (noun), but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he has promised to turn over a new leaf"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twenty20 cricket"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"type 1, type 2"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to diabetes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twitter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for the company and social network: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twitter"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tweets"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tweeting, tweeted, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"etc"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tyre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"(American spelling is tire)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"U"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ukraine, Ukrainian names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the country: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ukraine"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Ukraine"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use Ukrainian romanisations for place names from that country: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lviv"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Odesa"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Officially gazetted as Uluru / Ayers Rock, though fine to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in all references. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ayer’s Rock "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless in the context of specific historical reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uncharted, unchartered"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of the difference. One is a metaphor for anything new, untried or unfamiliar: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uncharted waters"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unchartered waters"}]},{"type":"text","content":", by contrast, means a place your charter plane can’t reach. Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uneducated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Considered pejorative when when referring to individuals. Consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"no formal education."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UNESCO"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uninterested"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Having or showing no feeling of interest; indifferent; not synonymous with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disinterested"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which means unbiased by personal involvement or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out the full name in the first reference, with the acronym in brackets, then just use the acronym: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Our style is to drop possessive apostrophes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Workers Union."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"union bosses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Considered by many to be politically loaded and too colloquial. Consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"union leader"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations, UN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Write out in full in first reference. The abbreviated form, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN"}]},{"type":"text","content":", can be used in headlines. Hyphens and lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN secretary-general. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN General Assembly "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN Security Council"}]},{"type":"text","content":" takes capitals and aren’t hyphenated. The UNHCR is the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United States"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is acceptable to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The abbreviation of United States, is either "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"US"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"USA"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"America"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is also acceptable but think about context — "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Americas "}]},{"type":"text","content":"also include South America, Central America, Canada etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"universities"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the full name but lower case in second reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I attended the Queensland University of Technology. The university employed great lecturers"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unprecedented"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid as a general descriptor, especially in relation to extreme weather e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmania’s unprecedented fires"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unprecedented flooding in Townsville"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be specific, tell the audience what is unprecedented: is it the size? The number of fires?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"upper house, lower house"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user-generated content, UGC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets, then abbreviate in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user-generated content (UGC)"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UX, UI"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abbreviated forms of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user experience "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user interface"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A bit jargon-y, but if you must use, spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uyghur"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred spelling for the Turkic ethnic group. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uighur, Uygur, Uighuir, Uiguir, Uigur, Weiwuer"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"V"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often used in the Latin sense — meaning goodbye or farewell — after the death of a prominent figure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If that’s the sense you mean, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"VAH-lay "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the appropriate (and, in broadcast, least ambiguous) pronunciation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Valium"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vapour"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vaporise"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vaseline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"versus, vs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia vs Germany, Labor vs Liberal, etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Viagra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap. It is a trademark of a drug, sildenafil citrate, used to treat sexual impotence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often consist of two to four parts. Generally, the family name comes first, then the middle name, then the given name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nguyễn Phú Trọng"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Because there are relatively few Vietnamese surnames, given names are conventionally used in second and subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trần Nguyệt Linh … Ms Linh"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-chancellor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-president, vice-regent, vice-chair"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-regal representative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The word “vice-regal” means “of or relating to a governor or governor-general”. It is an adjective, which means that it should be used to modify a noun (such as “representative”). In stories it shouldn’t be used as a noun because it can sound too casual or even dismissive. Instead of “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal”, say “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal representative.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We often and wrongly refer to the Governor-General as Australia’s “Head of State”. The Governor-General is not the Head of State, but the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice versa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"visa versa"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vie, vying"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vis-a-vis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"volcano, volcanos OR volcanoes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either form of the plural is technically correct, but ‘volcanoes’ is the more familiar, the more often used and the clearer indication of pronunciation, so it is also our preferred form."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"W"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waiver, waver"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waiver "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is an intentional relinquishment of some right or interest (or, commonly, a document of same). To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waver"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to move unsteadily back and forth, or to exhibit indecision"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage war"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The accepted phrase is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage war"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and other constructs ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage battle"}]},{"type":"text","content":") can sound awkward."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warnings"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There may be occasions when, for valid editorial reasons, we will broadcast material – words, sounds or images – that will disturb, distress or offend some people. Warnings should be broadcast immediately before the relevant program or program segment."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The style is: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The following story contains disturbing/distressing images"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The following story contains language/images which may offend some viewers/listeners"}]},{"type":"text","content":"” (acknowledges that matters of taste are more subjective)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wars"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped, Roman numerals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World War I, World War II, World War III"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid abbreviated forms unless you need them in space constrained environs (e.g. online news headlines)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"weather"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Temperatures"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Round off temperatures to the nearest whole degree. Few people can tell the difference between a fraction of a degree and these fractions add no value to our audience. One exception is if a location is very near to setting a temperature record."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Glossary of weather terms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Bureau of Meteorology Website provides comprehensive information about weather, climate, forecasts and its operations."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"website addresses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast, there is generally no need to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"W W W"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or preface information about websites with any further explanation. All that is needed is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"online at abc.net.au"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"end "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of the wedge, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"edge"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Weight Watchers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trademark, so capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"well known, better known, best known"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he’s well known for his wit, better known for his temper but best known for his flower arranging. We sometimes write ‘most well known’, which is not the best usage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wellbeing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, no hyphen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"west, the West"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in referring to countries, regions, or institutions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" West,"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Western Sydney. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for the cardinal direction or generic reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the MP faces a contest in the marginal seat of Hindmarsh in western Adelaide"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We also cap East Jerusalem."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to the name of the state. Do not call the state "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":". To refer to someone from this state: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a West Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Western Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adjectival reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Western Australia coast"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian coast. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australian coast"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Exceptions for company names, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian Ballet "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wet market"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A market selling fresh meat, fish, or produce. Avoid outside of quotes. 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If crediting, use don’t forget the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Joe Bloggs told the ABC’s AM program"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC’s AM program"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The national youth music service has no capitals unless starting a sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I grew up listening to"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple j"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some sub-brands take a capital on their modifier: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple j Unearthed"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Never lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Double J"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The main television channel is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC TV"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC1"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The streaming video service is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iview, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iView"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be mindful of over-branding. A sentence such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"watch the ABC Women’s Work series every Sunday on Weekend Breakfast "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can probably lose the acronym. More information on corporation branding can be found in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/know-the-abc/abc-brand-portal"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"our internal brand portal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abdicate, abrogate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both verbs refer to renouncing or relinquishing a right or power."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal, aboriginal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in all references to Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people, or to First Nations people of the US or Canada. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander references"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indigenous"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in reference to First Nations people or cultures. Avoid using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a noun. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aborigine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of quotes"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Where possible, describe people the way they wish to be described. This could be a specific community or language group: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Yuin woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Bundjalung elder"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It could be also more general: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Torres Strait Islander woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an Aboriginal man. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid regional descriptors "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"("}]},{"type":"text","content":"e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murri"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koori) "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless it’s a stated preference"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In collective reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations communities, Indigenous people"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. See entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First Nations, Indigenous, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Torres Strait Islanders are a distinct group and should not be described as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"TSIs"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For more information, consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/abc-indigenous-content/"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indigenous Content guidance note."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When referring to pro- or anti-abortion campaigners or protests, avoid the terms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-life"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-choice"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These labels are emotive. Instead of phrases like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-life supporter"}]},{"type":"text","content":", use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anti-abortion campaigner. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Instead of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pro-choice"}]},{"type":"text","content":", use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion rights"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion clinics"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abortion is generally not the only service provided by these clinics. In stories where the focus is not on abortion itself, consider a less emotive descriptor: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women’s health centres"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reproductive health centres"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"academic departments"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"department of history"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"department of economics"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (no capitals)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"accent marks, diacritical marks, non-English characters"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use accent or other diacritical marks in names where requested, or where such marks are in wide use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Barça"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Charlotte Brontë"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"La Niña"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not use accents for long-established loanwords in English: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cafe"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"facade"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If unsure, check a dictionary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acres"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use hectares. One hectare is 10,000 square metres or 2.47 acres."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acronym, initialisms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Limit the use of unfamiliar acronyms. If you need to use them, though, spell out in first reference and, from second reference, use the abbreviated form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A report was sent to the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) on 5 June 2014. The ACMA responded in late July. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Some acronyms are acceptable without explanation, in headlines and elsewhere. Use your judgement. Occasionally, a descriptive sentence is preferable to spelling out: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"football’s governing body FIFA, UN children’s agency UNICEF"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Purists maintain abbreviations pronounced as a word ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radar, NATO"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acronyms, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and abbreviations pronounced by letter ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"DPRK, CIA"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"initialisms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Usage has long been indifferent to this distinction, and some abbreviations ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"RAAF"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"actor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Default term for male and female members of the acting professions. Retain the gendered term for awards: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best actress"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best supporting actress"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acts, bills, white papers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"None of these need capitals, unless you’re using the official name of an act. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Title Act 1993"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the act was passed in 1993."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"active voice, passive voice"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In grammar, voice refers to the relationship between the verb, the subject, and the object of a sentence. In active constructions, the subject of the sentence carries out the action of the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia beat England at Lords. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In passive constructions, the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"England was beaten by Australia. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The passive voice is sometimes condemned on the grounds its use can mask the agent of an action or come across as bureaucratic or impersonal: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the sign was later"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"removed, it is felt the school should take action. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This criticism misses the point — the passive voice has its uses, especially in news copy. Recounting events is a common one, as is emphasising the effect of an action on the subject: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the hospital was bombed by Islamic State militants."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD, BC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD 1100, 45 BC, the first century AD, second century BC. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Note the space. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" remain the more familiar terms and are generally preferred over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CE "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BCE"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"admit, admits, admitted"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use sparingly, as it implies a hint of guilt or acknowledgement of wrongdoing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"adopted, adoption, surrogacy, surrogate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mention these (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"donor "}]},{"type":"text","content":"status) only when relevant. Say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biological mother and father "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"surrogate mother"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"birth mother. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"real mother or father."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AEDT, AEST"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AEDT stands for Australian Eastern Daylight Time, and is used when daylight saving is in force. AEST stands for Australian Eastern Standard Time, and is used when daylight saving is over. It is easy to get confused and think the S stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summer"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It doesn’t. It stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"standard"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Eastern Time. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For nearly six months of the year, east coast states do not share a uniform time zone."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affect, effect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Affect, as a verb, means to influence something or someone: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man was clearly affected by alcohol"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Effect, as a verb, means to bring about: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alcohol effected a change in his behaviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Effect, as a noun, means something produced by a cause or agent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alcohol can have a surprising effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affidavit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A written statement on oath, sworn to before an authorised official, often used as evidence in court proceedings. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sworn affidavit"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"afforestation, reforestation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not reafforestation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghan, Afghani"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghan. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The currency: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afghani"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AFL "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" "}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though used to describe the sport as a whole, some prefer to limit this word’s meaning to the sport’s governing body and attendant national league: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the AFL today announced"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cockatoo hasn’t played AFL football since April"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the game of AFL"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. Refers to Americans of African descent. Not always interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":": the latter term encompasses a range of backgrounds (e.g. African-born American citizens, Americans of mixed heritage, Caribbean diasporas). Be specific where possible, and follow a person’s preference. If specific reference to a person’s background in an American context is required but you cannot determine a preference, prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"text","content":". See more at the entry for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African Australian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ghanaian Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sudanese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaans, Afrikaners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaans"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For the people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Afrikaners"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"after"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The preposition "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"after"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be ambiguous. Take the following sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A teenager was killed after a boating accident. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Was the boating accident the cause of death? Or a subsequent drowning? Often better to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"when "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"See also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"active voice, passive voice."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"age, ages"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia, anyone 18 or older is regarded as an adult by law. A person 18 or older should be called a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"man"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When describing people younger than 18: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boy, girl, teenager, children. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In generic reference to older Australians: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"older people, older Australians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be aware that generic descriptors relating to age can cause offence or be perceived as containing bias: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the geriatric man, the young senator"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aged care facility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though this term is in standard usage, there’s nothing wrong with using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aged care home"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These compounds are generally not hyphenated."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"agender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People who choose not to be defined by their gender. Many who identify this way prefer to use gender-neutral pronouns."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"agreement of person"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Subjects and verbs should agree in person and number. It’s not unusual to see some copy start in the third person only to switch to the first person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many Australians plant native trees in our gardens. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is incorrect, and should be: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many Australians plant native trees in their gardens."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aid, aide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Study aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aid and abet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hearing aid, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but an assistant is an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter survives in terms borrowed from French: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide-de-camp"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aide-memoire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AIDS"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out as it has become common usage. People who carry the virus which can cause AIDS are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HIV-positive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but do not necessarily "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"have AIDS"}]},{"type":"text","content":". They can be described as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"having the AIDS virus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". People do not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"die of AIDS"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"from AIDS-related illnesses"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HIV virus, AIDS victims"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aircraft, aircraft carrier, airline, airport"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aerodrome"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeroplane"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeronautics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"air strikes"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Aircraft can normally be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"planes"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and certainly not in the official jargon of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fixed-wing aircraft"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plane"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is short for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aeroplane"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"airplane. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"When an aircraft is forced to land we say that it (or the pilot) made an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emergency landing"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When an aircraft crashes do not try to soften the impact by saying it "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crash-landed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Air Force One"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aka, a.k.a., AKA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All are in use, though our preference is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aka"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"al-, el-, Arabic definite article"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The article in Arabic personal and place names can be romanised a variety of ways: where possible, check with your source. In situations where you cannot, a good option is generally to hyphenate and lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bashar al-Assad"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nouri al-Maliki"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Al Qaeda"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alibi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often used colloquially to refer to any kind of general excuse or explanation. Avoid this colloquialism in formal news contexts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"all right, alright"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both are acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"all together, altogether"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. The latter, an adverb, means wholly or entirely: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the laws should be scrapped altogether"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The former refers to parts achieving unison: to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it was a relief to see him put it all together on race day"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"allude to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to refer to indirectly. Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elude, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which means to escape or avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alt-right"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this term outside of direct quotes. For stories where its use is integral, clarify what is meant with a definition or examples."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alternate, alternative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In adjectival senses, broadly interchangeable: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an alternate solution"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"alternate source of revenue"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Alzheimer’s disease"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the apostrophe and initial capital (named after Alois Alzheimer)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ambition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"realise"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fulfil"}]},{"type":"text","content":" a dream or an ambition; you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reach"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"achieve"}]},{"type":"text","content":" a goal — you can’t "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"achieve"}]},{"type":"text","content":" an ambition, even if you climb every mountain."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Inhabitants of both North and South America can theoretically be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":", although the term is most often used in reference to citizens of the United States. Canadians should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If you are referring just to the United States of America make sure, specify that in first reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American Indians, Native Americans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both terms are in use to describe Americans of Indigenous background. Prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for generic or collective reference; where possible, be specific for individuals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"American spellings"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use American spellings for organisation or place names that contain them: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World Health Organization"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World Trade Center"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pearl Harbor"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"among, between"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usage depends on the number of people or things you are referring to. For example, an argument is “between” two people, but “among” three or more; a competition is “between” two teams, but “among” three or more. But it is appropriate to “choose between six kinds of jam”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amount, number"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The rule often stated is that amount refers to volume, and number to quantities: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a number of cows produced an amount of gas"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Like many such rules, it has no basis in usage or English grammar; its origin is likely personal preference. There is substantial evidence over time, from spontaneous speech to edited prose, that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amount "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be used with plural count nouns when the count noun is being conceived of as an aggregate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the amount of resources"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a large amount of drugs"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ampersand, \u0026"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid unless part of company name, trademark, or financial market."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"analyst"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a job description, it can be ambiguous. The audience is usually better off knowing who is saying something, and where they’re saying it from. If you’re reporting what a generally held view: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some financial market economists"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some political analysts"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ancestors, descendants"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ancestors are the people who came before you. Descendants will come after you."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"animals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, animals take the pronoun "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it "}]},{"type":"text","content":"over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Exceptions include named animals such as race horses, or stories where an animal’s sex is relevant. Generic animal names only take a capital when they contain proper nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmanian devils, yellow-footed rock wallaby."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anniversary"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anniversaries relate to yearly occurrences (a clue, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"annus, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is in the word’s etymology). Two tendencies infuriate pedants and are best avoided. The first is the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anniversary "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to mark spans of weeks or months: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six month anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"twelve month anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The second is using the word with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one year anniversary. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is tautological. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first anniversary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctica, the Antarctic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctica is the name of the continent within the Antarctic region."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"antenatal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means before birth. Take care not to confuse with anti-natal, a different thing entirely."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anti-vaccination, anti-vax, anti-vaxxer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care with such descriptors: community attitudes to vaccination are varied, outright rejection is generally a minority view. Focus on an individual’s actions, rather than labels: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cartwright has refused to take the flu vaccine ahead of the NRL season"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The NRL said its players"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"could be exempted in exceptional circumstances such as on religious, medical or conscientious grounds"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate, expect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Many language critics hold that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate "}]},{"type":"text","content":"should not be used where "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is intended: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COAG leaders anticipate long day."}]},{"type":"text","content":" This is assuredly the etymological fallacy at work. Words can have more than one meaning at a time, and can shed (or grow) meanings with the passage of time. Probably the most that can be said here is that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"anticipate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" should not be used for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in the rare case where the difference would be material. Take the following headline: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police anticipate bikie violence. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Does that mean police think violence is likely, or that they’ve allocated resources to prepare for an imminent gang war? If, in such an instance, it’s the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"sense you mean, just say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expect"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"antiviral"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac, Anzac Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For general use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"celebrations"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Anzac biscuits"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Anzac spirit."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Apostles Creed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No apostrophe."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab, Arabic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab "}]},{"type":"text","content":"modifies nouns, it generally refers to social or political constructs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab governments, Arab women, Arab leaders. Arabic, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a modifier, refers to specifically to the language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic speakers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic script, Arabic schools. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A final point: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab poetry"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would most likely be read as referring to poetic works written by Arab people (that is, not necessarily in Arabic)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arab-Israeli"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While a common descriptor for Israeli citizens of Arab ethnicity, it is not universally adopted. Many object to this term, preferring alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian citizen of Israel"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian-Israeli"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Israeli"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Where possible, confirm with your talent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ARIAs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out the acronym, but say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ARIA Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference in the story (note: you need to cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"armed forces"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full names of military organisations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Army"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US Navy"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Royal Air Force"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the French"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Armée de l’Air"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Downcap in generic, plural and all other instances: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Scott Morrison will send in the army as Victoria’s bushfire crisis worsens"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US and Chinese navies are facing off in the Pacific"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"German air force pilot was killed during a training mission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arson, arsonist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care applying these terms to bushfires. In Australian law, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arson "}]},{"type":"text","content":"often has a specific legal meaning implying intention, recklessness, or property damage. Most jurisdictions have a separate crime for bushfire offences, which include unintentional lighting of fires. Avoid the salacious "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"firebug, pyro."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"artistic works"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No italics or quotes for book titles, film titles, play titles, poem titles, etc. But they do take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A Clockwork Orange, A Doll’s House"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Articles (the, a) and shorter conjunctions or prepositions (on, and) are usually not capped: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord of the Rings"}]},{"type":"text","content":". An exception is if they begin the title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"And Then There Were None"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asian Australian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not hyphenate. This is an umbrella term. Be specific where possible when describing individuals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tawainese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Filipino Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asia-Pacific"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Takes the hyphen in use such as ‘Asia-Pacific region’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aspirin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generic term, so no capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asteroid, meteor, meteorite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asteroid "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is any rocky body, usually orbiting the Sun. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteors "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are matter from outer space that become incandescent after entering the earth’s atmosphere. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteorites "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are rocks or other matter that have survived the bumpy trip to the earth’s surface."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assassin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Political and religious leaders, or the similarly conspicuous, are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assassinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The rest of us, sadly, are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"murdered"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seekers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to describe people who arrive in Australia (including Australian waters) without travel documents, claiming (or apparently claiming) refugee status. If authorities recognise a valid claim for protection, such people could be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refugees"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid inaccurate modifiers with the term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unlawful asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Under international law, anyone can apply for asylum."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"at about"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"attain"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not just a fancy synonym for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"obtain, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"this word implies the reach or achievement of something by continued effort. (The object is normally something immaterial, such as goals, ambitions or a position.) "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Obtain"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to get or acquire something — usually something tangible, often as a result of effort or a request. Usually it’s something tangible."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Attorney-General"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenated. We use capitals since it is effectively a ministerial title."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"auditor-general"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lower case"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"augur, auger"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"auger "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a hole-boring tool. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Augurs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are portents, omens, etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autism"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A variety of terms exist to describe people on the autism spectrum. These include, but are not limited to: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being autistic"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being a person with autism"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"having an autism spectrum disorder"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being on the autism spectrum"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Most autistic people prefer identity-first forms such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autistic person"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Your safest bet is to check with the person or people you’re describing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"average"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"normal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the average of a four-year-old is 106 centimetres."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"averse to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"adverse"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ayatollah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Iranian term for a Muslim teacher and lawyer who has great spiritual authority in a Shiite Muslim community. The Supreme Leader of Iran has the title Ayatollah. The term is not used in Sunni Islam."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"B"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bachelor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A bit old-school. Better to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unmarried man"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"single"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backburning, burn-off, burning-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable in emergency situations. Burning off (sometimes referred to as controlled burning) is the clearing of land before fire season by the use of fire. Backburning is a method of fire control, where an area in the path of an approaching fire is burned into or against the wind."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backflip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some commentators rail against the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backflip "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to mean a political reversal. Despite their chagrin, this sense is established in Australian English dictionaries and attested in edited newspaper sources as far back as the 1940s."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backup"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police call for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backup "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(noun) but you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"back up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb) to a door, or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"back up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb) your files."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bacteria"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bacteria is plural of bacterium. Never write "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the bacteria is"}]},{"type":"text","content":". While we’re here: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bacillus "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is singular. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bacilli"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is plural."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad rap"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Give someone a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad rap"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wrap up"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the day’s news."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAFTAs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out the acronym, but say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAFTA Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference in the story. Cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Awards"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bailout, bail out"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is the noun form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a $700 million bailout. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter is the verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"somehow we are always ready to bail out farmers when they strike drought."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"band names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the definite article if part of the name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Beatles, The Who"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case if not: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rolling Stones"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not all bands take the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arctic Monkeys, Talking Heads"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Always check. Generally, bands are plural entities. So, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Talking Heads were rubbish last night"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Talking Heads was rubbish"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bandaid"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capitals and no hyphen in generic reference. In reference to the specific product: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Band-Aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In reference to the 1984 musical fundraising event, two separate words, capitalised: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Band Aid"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bank of Queensland, BOQ"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The shortened form is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOQ"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BoQ"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"barbecue"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not BBQ or barbeque."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"barometer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Figurative use is fine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"search histories can be used as a barometer of social awareness"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But avoid using in place of a word like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"indicator"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical dramas are a barometer of how an audience perceives the past"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"base jump"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A parachute jump from a structure such as a tall building, bridge, etc, as opposed to a jump from an aeroplane."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"basically"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often a superfluous word in news writing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bated breath"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not baited."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bazaar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A market, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bizarre "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is odd. The OMC smash hit is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"How Bizarre."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bee’s knees"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Just the one bee."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beg the question, begs the question"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This phrase comes to English from a (reportedly quite bad) translation of the Latin term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"petitio principii"}]},{"type":"text","content":", referring to a specific type of circular reasoning, where the premise of an argument assumes its conclusion. Nowadays, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beg the question "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is commonly used in a more literal sense: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The closure of [the Hazelwood power plant] begs the question: what will replace it? "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Both meanings are now considered acceptable, so take care not to confuse when using the term."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"beggars description, beggars belief"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indescribable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behead"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In some contexts, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be more appropriate than a word than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decapitate. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"It refers to a deliberate action; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decapitation "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be accidental or have a non-human agent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bellwether"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bellweather"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Means a leader of opinion (literally a castrated ram with a bell around its neck, used to lead a flock of sheep). You asked!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the backbench, backbench colleagues"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbench"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbencher"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Berlin Wall"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the W."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bete noire"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Doesn’t need a circumflex."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"better, best"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Better"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the comparative of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"good"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"best"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the superlative. So it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the better"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of two choices, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the best"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of three or more. Never double the comparative — e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"more better "}]},{"type":"text","content":"— unless aiming for laughs."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"betting odds"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100-1, 10-1, etc. En rule, don’t hyphen, for spans of numbers."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"between you and me"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"between you and I."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biannual"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twice a year ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#_Hlk468192010"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biennial"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is every two years)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bible"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised when referring to one with the Old and New Testaments. Lower case for adjective or generic forms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biblical proportions"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the cricketer’s bible"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bible references"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Written like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mark 6:3, John 3:2–4"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Psalms 12:1–2"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Note the use of the en rule (not a hyphen)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bicentenary, bicentennial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"200th anniversary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"biennial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Every two years (biannual is twice a year)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big Apple"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Needs caps when used as a nickname referring exclusively to New York."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billion"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means one thousand million, not one million million. When reading for broadcast, make sure to emphasise the b to distinguish "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":" from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"million"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A sound bite (a byte is a number of binary digits, or bits, usually 8)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BitTorrent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, capital B and T. It is a trademark."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black, Black"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use as a noun. In the Australian context, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"black"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is primarily an in-group term; be wary of its use outside quotes. The term can refer to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or to diaspora groups. In international use it often, though not exclusively, refers to African Americans. See further at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African American"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised and respelled variants are in increasing in-group use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blak"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These variants are tied to specific ideas of empowerment and reclamation, and should be respected where appropriate (e.g. direct quotes, feature writing). Umbrella acronyms (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BAME"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BIPOC"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"POC"}]},{"type":"text","content":") are often not preferred in individual reference and may be unfamiliar to audiences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BlackBerry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the mid-word capital letter. Plural is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BlackBerrys"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black Hawk helicopter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Blackhawk."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blaze the trail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means showing the way for others who come after you. So "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blazing a new trail"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a tautology."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bloc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"political group"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blonde, blond"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If used as a noun form — "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a blonde"}]},{"type":"text","content":", say — then "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blonde "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is generally used in English to describe women, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blond "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to describe men. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blond"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (adjective) for generic or inanimate use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blue-ribbon, blue riband, blue ribbon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenated form is standard as an attributive for a safe political seat, or a mark of excellence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the blue-ribbon"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberal electorate of Warringah"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dangerfield and Selwood are blue-ribbon midfielders. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"An alternative spelling, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"blue riband"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is something of an archaism."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boat, ship"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The words are not easily defined, but generally ships are large and ocean-going, and anything that is not ocean-going and has an outboard motor or oars is a boat. It’s commonly explained that you can put a boat on a ship but not a ship on a boat. Never use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vessel"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in broadcast language."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"boat people"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid outside of quotes. See entries at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"asylum seeker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Booker Prize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Booker"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Capitalise and use the full name in the first reference. In subsequent reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Booker Prize "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the prize."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"born, borne"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both are forms of the verb to bear. Use the former for passive past tense descriptions of birth: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was born in Queensland"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Otherwise, use the latter form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she had borne a child to him"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the plan was was borne out of desperation"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"both"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use to refer to two things, not three or more: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Last year the leaders of both Germany and Britain declared their multicultural policies had been a failure."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"botox"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter. Adjectival form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"botoxed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brahman, Brahman, Brahmin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capital required if referring to the cattle breed. But capitalised in reference to the concept in Hinduism. Capital and different spelling for the Hindu priest caste: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brahmin"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breach, breech"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A breach of protocol, the flood levee has been breached, but the baby is in breech position, and the doctor was wearing breeches."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breakdown (noun) break down (verb)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A family breakdown might give us a nervous breakdown, but we might say a relationship is likely to break down, or ‘Let’s break those figures down.’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breakthrough"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use sparingly — and never pair with its cliched-partner "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dramatic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bring, buy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care to distinguish between the past tense of bring ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brought"}]},{"type":"text","content":"), and the past tense of buy ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bought"}]},{"type":"text","content":"): "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the astronauts were brought back from space, I bought some apples at the shop"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Britain, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the UK"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable, strictly speaking. The constituent countries of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Great Britain "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are England, Wales, and Scotland. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The United Kingdom "}]},{"type":"text","content":"includes Northern Ireland. It is commonplace, even in UK sources, to see "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Britain "}]},{"type":"text","content":"used as shorthand for the United Kingdom as a whole, but there may be times where distinctions should be made clear."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"broadband"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Download speed is generally measured in bits per second, not bytes. Abbreviate "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"megabits per second "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gigabits per second "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as follows: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mbps"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gbps. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"megabytes"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gigabytes"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in discussion of download speeds: the difference can be material, as there are eight bits in a byte."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brotherboy, sistergirl"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Used in a range of contexts by Indigenous people. In general, the terms refer to transgender Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brownies"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when referring to girls’ organisation (step before Girl Guides). Lower case in generic culinary or other reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"choc-chip brownies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brownie points."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brunette, brunet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a noun sense, generally refers to a woman with brown hair: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the brunette in the corner"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A related noun form for men, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brunet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is rarely used. Both are fairly reductive and best avoided outside facetious prose. Why not an adjectival form? "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brown-haired woman, brown-haired man"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"budget, Budget"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case only when writing the full title, or titles of specific documents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget 2021-22"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget Paper 2"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case all other usages, whether generic, plural, or adjectival: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the federal budget"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" successive federal budgets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":", "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"budgetary measures"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bug"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When reporting on medical ailments, be wary of referring to viruses and the like as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bugs"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The term is imprecise and implies a low-level risk, which may be inappropriate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buoy, buoyed, buoyant, buoyancy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spelling these correctly will buoy the spirits of our audience."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bureau, bureaus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bureaux, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless you’re going for a hypercorrect affectation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burka"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often inaccurately used to describe other types of head coverings, such as the niqab. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-23/why-do-muslim-women-wear-a-burka-niqab-or-hijab/5761510"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"this ABC explainer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burned, burnt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A rule of thumb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burned "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the more regular past tense verb form, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt "}]},{"type":"text","content":"more regularly appears in phrases "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt out "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"burnt up"}]},{"type":"text","content":". No hyphen for predicative use of the latter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the bush was burnt out"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But hyphenate for adjectival use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a third victim died in a burnt-out home"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bus, buses, bussed, bussing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Though "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildfire "}]},{"type":"text","content":"has a long history of use in Australian sources, the more common usage is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For overseas events, use appropriate local terminology: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forest fire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildfire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wildland fire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bushfire refugee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use this term with caution: even in its modified forms (e.g "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"climate refugee"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"student refugee"}]},{"type":"text","content":") the word "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refugee "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is most often associated with its sense in international law — people fleeing conflict or disaster, usually across borders."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"businesslike, businessman, businesswoman, business people"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not, for instance, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business man"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM, Bureau of Meteorology"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is the first port of call. BOM "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is fine in headlines. Note it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BoM"}]},{"type":"text","content":". On air: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bureau of Meteorology"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in first reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"BOM"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Bureau"}]},{"type":"text","content":" acceptable thereafter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buy back, buyback"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words when used as compound verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government plans to buy back irrigation licences. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"One word for adjective and noun senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the buyback plan is part of the National Water Plan"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"byte"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A number of binary digits, or bits — usually eight (but it’s a sound bite)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"C"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cabinet, national cabinet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in reference to informal group of executive leaders, in Australia or elsewhere."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cache, cachet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is a type of hidden store: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a cache of weapons. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t confuse it with a similar word that refers to prestige: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"being married to a Newsweek photographer, he he had a certain cachet"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In computer terminology, cache is used as a verb and a modifier in noun phrases: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Let’s talk about cache memory. Caching is the process of storing data"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"caddie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Golf caddie. But a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tea caddy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cafe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need for diacritics."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"callous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An adjective meaning “unfeeling”. By some coincidence, a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"callus"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is bit of hardened skin."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camaraderie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is a direct borrowing from the French and refers to the familiarity felt among "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camarades"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not to be confused with or pronounced like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"comrade."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Most dictionaries list a pronunciation similar to /kæməˈrɐːdəriː/."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"camera operator, cinematographer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use in preference of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cameraman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cleric, decree, principle, body of writings, type of music. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cannon"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is something you fire."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canvas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tent, painting. A distantly related verb, meaning “to solicit votes”, is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"canvass"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"text","content":"capital letters"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"political titles."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case political titles only when they precede a person’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Foreign Minister Penny Wong. "}]},{"type":"text","content":" Apply the same principle to local government: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mayor Goran Kesic today announced… Cr Kesic said… the mayor said."}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case political titles when used as a general descriptor: Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced, Trudeau’s father also served as Canada’s prime minister."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"By itself, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leader"}]},{"type":"text","content":" doesn’t take a cap: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Greens leader di Natale, Labor leader Bill Shorten"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not cap personal (non-elected) titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"manager, director, chief executive, chairman, secretary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc. Capitalise foreign heads of state and ministers."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"royalty"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always capitalise the title of the current Australian monarch. Upper case the full titles of members of the royal family and members of the peerage: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prince of Wales"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Duchess of Cornwall"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Upper case these titles when they precede a name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Princess Anne visited the village of Hanuabada. Lower case these titles when used as a general descriptor: the princess visited Port Moresby’s famous boardwalks, “It is very nice to be back in the UK,” the duchess said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"organisations or government"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The full names of organisations take upper case on first reference and lower case in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the University of New South Wales"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but later "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the university"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Department of Immigration and Border Protection"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but later "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the department"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for administrations past, present, and generic: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the federal government"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former Queensland government minister"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"government policy"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Cap government departments on first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Treasury officials"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the department"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state and territory"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use upper case for proper names, but not in generic or plural references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the State of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state government policies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state land"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an independent state"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"geographical and political designations"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Names that designate a group of nations geographically or politically always take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South-East Asia, Central America, the Balkans"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Sometimes, when descriptive names of this type become semi-official, they then take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Central Australia, Far North Queensland, the Gulf (of Carpentaria), the Red Centre."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commonwealth"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Commonwealth of Australia,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Commonwealth of Nations"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"captions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for crediting images is agency, colon, photographer name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reuters: Adnan Abibi. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"ABC images are credited: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC News: Margaret Burin"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ABC Radio Sydney: Luke Wong"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When used as a verb means to rush headlong ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"careen "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is to keel over)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career girl, career woman"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cast off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The boat cast off from the quay."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cast-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We accept cast-off clothing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"casualties"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Includes dead and injured, so not a synonym for deaths."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"caucus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise when referring to the current caucus, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Labor Caucus."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"celsius"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, write in full and upper case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34 degrees Celsius. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For stories with many temperature references, abbreviate in second and subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34C"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cement, concrete"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Technically these are not interchangeable terms: cement is an ingredient of concrete, which is a mix of aggregates and paste."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"census"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in generic use. Its full name is the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Census of Population and Housing"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"censor, censure"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Documents may be “censored”, but people who are criticised severely are “censured”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"century, centuries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the fifth century. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out centuries under 10: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fifth century, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"15th century. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate for adjectival use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"19th-century passenger ships."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU, CFMMEU"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not exactly interchangeable. The CFMEU is a collection of affiliated (and to an extent autonomous) trade unions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU Victoria \u0026 Tasmania, CFMEU Western Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":". These chapters are further divided by industry: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"CFMEU Construction, CFMEU Mining. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The above are further grouped under a separate national organisation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Where material to a story, be sure to note the difference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chair (title), chairwoman, chairperson"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where there is no stated preference by a company or individual, default to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chair"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Channel Seven, Channel Nine, Channel Ten"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell these out in article text, but can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Channel 9"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc in headlines."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chechen, Chechnya"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chechen Republic, Chechen people, Chechen Prime Minister, Chechen war, Republic of Chechnya."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child porn, child pornography"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid these terms where possible. Most Australian legislation uses "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child exploitation material"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child abuse material"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare, child care"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the compound form for adjectival senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare worker"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"childcare fees"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Keep the separated form for noun senses, or names of government programs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it can be hard to find decent child care"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Child Care Subsidy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, Chinese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Li Keqiang."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Use the full name on first reference, and the family name on subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"China’s Premier Li Keqiang… Mr Li"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Family names are generally one syllable, and given names are often two syllables: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Xi Jinping"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Given names may be hyphenated, as is conventional in Taiwan and Hong Kong: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tsai"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ing-wen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chow Yun-fat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Where possible, check for preference. It is common for people with Chinese names to adopt Western naming order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Weili Zhang"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Choice"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Consumer group."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chronic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In medical contexts, not exactly interchangeable with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"acute "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bad. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A chronic health condition is one that has continued or lingered."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Christian, Christianity"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals. Also: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Christian name"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unchristian "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"christening"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"church, Church"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for established organisations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the church is no longer relevant today."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"choke, strangle, suffocate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally interchangeable in senses relating to domestic violence or criminal offences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cisgender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People whose gender identity is in line with their sex assigned at birth. See entry under "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBT."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"claims"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Claims” carries a hint of incredulity (as do “reputedly” and “so-called”). If there is no reason to doubt the veracity of a statement, “says” is better. For example, “the party says it will field candidates in all electorates”, rather than “the party claims it will”. The authority of the person or organisation making a claim (that is, something not previously accepted, known or understood), and the nature of the claim, will decide whether we would report it without corroboration. A claim, therefore, must be attributed. “Claims” implies the ABC is seeking further confirmation or reaction."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleaning lady"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cleaner"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Clem7"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You don’t need to use all caps, just an initial cap. Can also be called "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Clem Jones Tunnel"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Coca-Cola, Coke"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collateral damage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this term as a euphemism for civilian casualties."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collective nouns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are no iron-clad rules about whether collective nouns should be matched with singular or plural verbs. Both constructions are acceptable, if they are part of common usage and conversational. But they must never be mixed in the same sentence or story: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The team is playing this afternoon. They say the game will be their best test yet. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Better to use singular verbs with collective nouns when expressing the sense of a single entity: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government is planning to increase defence spending, Brisbane is unbeaten this season."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"colleague"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This term can elide power dynamics in e.g. stories involving allegations of workplace misconduct or sexual assault. Consider modifying (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"junior colleague"}]},{"type":"text","content":") or replacing (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"employee"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only moving objects can “collide”, so a moving object cannot collide with a stationary one. Therefore, two moving cars can collide, but it’s not possible for a car to collide with a parked car or a tree."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"come, cum"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When used to indicate combined objects ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"studio-cum-apartment"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chef-cum-scientist"}]},{"type":"text","content":") make sure to hyphenate."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commercial references, trade names, brand names, logos"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Contrary to popular belief, commercial references are not verboten at the public broadcaster. Such references are often appropriate, though they must be editorially relevant and not undermine the ABC’s independence or integrity. For more information, consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/12-commercial-references/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"relevant editorial policy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Commissions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We cap Human Rights Commission, but not human rights commissioner."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"committees"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Senate’s Environment and Communications References Committee. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case plural or generic reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"countless Senate committees"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a committee will be formed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"communism, communist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case except in name of party: Communist Party."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"community"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A favourite among politicians and bureaucrats who speak of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the wider community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", when "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would do. Some journalists are inclined to use it to refer to any group of people who share an interest or occupation — as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"medical community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aviation community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business community"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chess community"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In most references, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"doctors"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pilots"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"business people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"chess players"}]},{"type":"text","content":" are better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compare"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compare like with like: yesterday’s weather with today’s. But compare two different things with the aim of finding similarities: compare her outfit to an unmade bed. Therefore, say “compared with” if you want to draw attention to the difference: “He compared radio with television.” Say “compared to” when drawing attention to the similarity: “Life has been compared to a pilgrimage.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compass points, cardinal directions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for regions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"southern Australia, the south-west, north-east New South Wales, south-east Queensland. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"When part of the place name, capitalise: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Java, North Sulawesi. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Some geopolitical regions take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Middle East, South-East Asia, Latin America, the Balkans, North America, South America"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When names become semi-official, they then take a capital: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Central Australia, Far North Queensland"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"compound adjectives, compound modifiers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound adjectives need to be hyphenated, whether in general copy, headlines or captions. Examples: e"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ight-hour search, loud-mouthed punter, rose-tinted glasses, middle-aged woman"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Here’s a tip on how to figure out if the compound adjective rule applies: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is not a compound adjective because you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"big car"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Old-growth forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a compound adjective because while you can have "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"growth forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" doesn’t make sense. Saying "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old growth forest"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (sans hyphen) could be interpreted as meaning a growth forest that happens to be old. Consult a dictionary if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"comprise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to consist of. C"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"omprise of"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is therefore incorrect and while increasingly heard, will likely attract criticism if used."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"concedes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Concedes” can be seen as an admission or even a confession. Make sure you use it correctly. It means to admit as true. “Says” is usually sufficient."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"congenial, congenital"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Can heart disease be a pleasing thing? It can, according to one report, which said a sportsman who died had “congenial heart disease”. What was meant was “congenital” (meaning existing from birth), not congenial (agreeable)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Congo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Acceptable to say Congo on second mention for the Democratic Republic of the Congo; never write “the Congo” unless referring to the river."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conjoined twins"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Siamese twins. Once separated, you can no longer call them conjoined twins."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"consensus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means general agreement or concord, or majority of opinion, so ‘opinion’ is redundant in ‘consensus of opinion’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"constitution"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case if writing a full title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Constutition"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case at other times."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"continual, continuous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Continual means continuing on with stops and starts; continuous means going on without stopping. Parliament sits “continually” (regularly, with breaks) while some politicians drone on “continuously” (without stopping) for hours."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"contractions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If abbreviating "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"will not"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"won’t"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"does not"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t"}]},{"type":"text","content":"), think how it will sound when read. Often the fuller form is clearer. A commonly abused contraction is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s new claims"}]},{"type":"text","content":". That should be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there are new claims"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some reporters tend to start sentences with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and then get to the subject. For example: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s the wind and the rain that are causing the damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Choose more direct speech, for example, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Wind and rain are causing the damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In formal news copy, spell out contractions, except in quotes. For example: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Police said he did not appear to be injured"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I wasn’t injured,” he said."}]},{"type":"text","content":" In feature copy, where you’re aiming for a more conversational tone, contractions are acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"controversial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usually an unnecessary word in our stories. It means “disputation on a matter of opinion”. Current affairs and news stories are full of opposing opinions on all sorts of things, so consider how meaningful it is to attach the word “controversial” to your subject. If you do use it, make clear what the point of controversy is."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coronavirus, COVID-19"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All terms are in widespread use. The disease "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID-19"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is caused by the virus "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"SARS-CoV-2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is a member of the coronavirus family. Where relevant (e.g. if discussing the scientific structure of the virus), make this distinction clear. Do not call COVID-19 a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"virus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid tautology, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a new strain of novel coronavirus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In less formal reference or in quotes, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease.. In less formal reference or in quotes, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can stand in as a catch-all term for the disease."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coroner, Coroner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case only when spelling out the full title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Deputy State Coroner Caitlin English will continue in the role"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case other usages. Do not use as a courtesy title."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"corrections"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Part of the ABC’s commitment to accuracy involves taking corrective action when factual errors occur. Corrections can take many forms: from a clarification, to removing content, to issuing an apology. Consult the relevant Editorial Policies "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/3-corrections-and-clarifications/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"standard"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/corrective-actions/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"correspondent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Writer or reporter, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"co-respondent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in a divorce case. Do not cap."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"council"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take the article outside of quotes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The council has decided. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap local council names unless it is the official title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brisbane council"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but Brisbane City Council. Always use the full title on the first reference. So "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Livingstone Shire Council "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on first reference, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the council "}]},{"type":"text","content":"thereafter"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"court martial, courts martial"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The verb is to court-martial."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"courts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap if full name, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Court of Appeal, High Court, Supreme Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"International Criminal Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Always check the wording and punctuation of the court’s proper name — this varies from place to place. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Brisbane Magistrates Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Childrens Court Brisbane"}]},{"type":"text","content":" don’t have apostrophes, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Melbourne Magistrates’ Court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Children’s Court of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":" do. It’s acceptable to use a generic name for a court, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Victorian magistrates court"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same goes for courts in the plural, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia’s magistrates courts."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"COVID variants"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use Greek nomenclature, not regional descriptors, in all references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Alpha variant"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Delta variant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crackdown, crack down"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a nationwide "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crackdown"}]},{"type":"text","content":", the government will "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crack down "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on welfare fraud."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"credibility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The quality of being believable. A “credulous” person will believe anything. “Credence” means belief or trust."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crescendo/climax"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A crescendo is a gradual increase, usually in the volume of music, and is not a climax. Often it’s incorrectly stated that something has “reached a crescendo”. Things reach a peak or climax."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crisis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Heavily overused. Let other people (for example, in actuality) say if the moment truly warrants it."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"criteria (plural), criterion (singular)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"and it’s phenomena (plural) but phenomenon (singular)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crossbench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crossbenchers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cross benchers"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cult"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful in using the word ‘cult’. It is a loaded term and almost always regarded as pejorative. Do not presume to label any group a cult, unless it is widely held by experts to be one (such as Heaven’s Gate or Aum Shinrikyo). If a reputable person or group uses that label to describe such a group, you could use the term, provided it is attributed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"curb"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To restrain (kerb is the edge of the footpath)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"currency"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for writing currency in online copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$7.50"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$3 million"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$4.2 billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In headlines or other confined spaces, shorten like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$16b"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$500m. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use a hyphen after an amount in body text: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the $3 billion house"}]},{"type":"text","content":". (But hyphenate if using a multi-part constructrions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multi-million-dollar property."}]},{"type":"text","content":")"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a story uses a foreign currency, convert the amount to Australian currency in brackets following the original amount: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man was fined 3,500 rupees ($70) and allowed to walk free. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Don’t convert items that are globally measured in US dollars e.g. West Texas Crude oil, Tapis, and spot gold. Our audience will assume you’re talking about Australian currency unless you specify otherwise: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$US7.50"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"98 US cents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"4 euros"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"69 eurocents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"5 British pounds"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"52 British pence"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"78 Japanese yen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"$NZ2"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"50 NZ cents"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"customs, Customs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case initial if referring to the government department; lower case for traditions."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cutbacks"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cuts is better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cyclone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"They have names, and take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cyclone Tracy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tropical Cyclone Tracy"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Continue to cap even if cyclone has passed. Whatever the name, cyclones are neither male nor female: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cyclone Brenda is causing havoc. It is centred 20 kilometres off Townsville. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out the numeral in the cyclone’s category: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tropical Cyclone Ului"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"is a category four system"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Czechia, Czech Repubic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Czechia "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to the country. Where space constraints allow, point out the country is also known as the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Czech Republic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]}},"title":"A-C","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103710682"},{"preparedTeaserText":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"D"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"D-Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to the Normandy landing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dad, dad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case unless using as a proper noun, e.g. ‘Mum and Dad came over’ but ‘My dad came over’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dark Mofo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Dark MOFO."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dashes, hyphens, ens and ems"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphens"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The hyphen is the most common device for linking words and word fragments. 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If you haven’t got a numpad on your keyboard copy and paste from this subheading."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dates and times"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Online"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style for dates: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"February 9, 1985"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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Avoid tautologies such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3am this morning"}]},{"type":"text","content":", though "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3am today "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or similar can be useful to dispel ambiguities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"See more under "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AD, BC"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"centuries"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decades"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seasons"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"By convention, the spoken style for dates: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"January the 30th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the 30th of January"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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Better to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the number of people killed [or dead]"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decades"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the 80s,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the swinging 60s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the roaring 20s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a woman in her 70s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the first reader’s email of the 00s"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"declare victory, claim victory"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Electoral candidates generally claim victory and do not declare it. The AEC generally declares "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"results"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"victories"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Thus, usage like the following should be avoided: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kristy McBain declares victory in Eden-Monaro."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"decimals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, round to the nearest full number. 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For example, “the 90-year-old Victoria Cross winner returned to the battlefield”; “John Smith refused an Order of Australia medal three years ago, and is now in jail for treason”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat, Democratic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When referring to the US political party, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic"}]},{"type":"text","content":" as an adjective and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat"}]},{"type":"text","content":" only as a noun. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic candidate"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democratic National Convention"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but Barack Obama is a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A warning: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Democrat Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be considered pejorative by some in the US."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"denazify, denazification"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Solid form, no upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Department of Defense (US)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"With an ‘s’, but Australian Department of Defence with a ‘c’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"departments"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s the Department “of” Defence, the Department “of” Foreign Affairs and Trade, but it’s the Minister “for” Defence."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"descendant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ancestors. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This happens more often than you’d think!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"desperate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often found in cliched use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"desperate appeal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a desperate escape bid"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"determine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This is a word we often use clumsily. Instead of writing “facing a committal hearing to determine whether he’ll stand trial” or “the cause of his death/the fire/the accident is yet to be determined”, it’s better to write “a committal hearing will decide if he stands trial” and “the cause of the death/fire/accident is not yet known”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"devastate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One to watch out for when it comes to overuse. Floods and bushfires need not always be described as devastating, even though we all know they are."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing countries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use this term in preference to Third World or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diabetes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Type 1 and type 2, not type one and type two, or type I and type II."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnose"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Diagnose a condition, not a person. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Her schizophrenia was diagnosed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she was diagnosed with schizophrenia"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnosis, prognosis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t confuse the two: a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diagnosis "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is what a doctor determines to be the problem. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prognosis "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a forecast about the likely outcome of an illness or injury."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diehard"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General adjective. But the film series is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Die Hard"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dietician"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia, dieticians must be trained and qualified in dietetics. They are not the same as a nutritionist, a less precise term (although some nutritionists are also registered dieticians)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"diplomats and consuls"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ambassadors are accredited “to” a country. Say “the Australian ambassador to the United States”. Countries of the Commonwealth have “High Commissioners”. “Consuls” look after the interests of their own nationals in foreign countries and deal with immigration matters."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disability"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Words relating to disability have the potential to cause great offence to many people. Some general rules:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care not to make gratuitous references to disabilities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A disability is not necessarily a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"handicap"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People who use wheelchairs are not necessarily "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"confined"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to them."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a disability is relevant to a story, be specific: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a man in a wheelchair has been swept off a bridge by floodwater"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"victim of"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffering from"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"afflicted by"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"crippled by,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wheelchair-bound"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in a wheelchair, invalid, mentally handicapped"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backward"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"retarded"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"slow"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to mean a person with learning difficulties, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the disabled"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the handicapped"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the blind"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the deaf"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"deaf and dumb"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For more context, consult the editorial policies "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/84/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note on Harm and Offence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discomfit, discomfort"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Discomfit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is stronger, in the sense of disconcerting, thwarting or foiling than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discomfort"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which when used as a verb means to make uneasy or less comfortable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discrete"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Separate, distinct ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"discreet "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is circumspect, unobtrusive)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disinterested"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means objective, or unbiased. It does not mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uninterested — "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which is the last thing a reporter should be."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dissatisfied, unsatisfied"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dissatisfied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is usually applied to people and it expresses a specific discontent with emotion attached to it. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unsatisfied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is used in more detached and analytical ways, to suggest that a certain requirement has not been met."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dissociate (from)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Disassociate has now been accepted as an alternative spelling and pronunciation – same meaning."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"divorcee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Male and female."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Doctor Who"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Dr Who."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic transmission, community transmission, direct transmission"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In general use, interchangeable when referring to the spread of infectious diseases within a country’s borders (cf. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"international"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cross-border transmission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). In medicine, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"direct transmission "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(i.e. person-to-person) is contrasted with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"indirect transmission "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(i.e. from surfaces)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic violence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are important differences between "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"family violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"intimate partner violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not trivialise or sensationalise. Avoid the euphemisms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic dispute"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"volatile relationship"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"domestic incident"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Where appropriate, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. The latter can often mask the agent of the action: compare "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the man repeatedly hit his wife"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the woman was repeatedly hit in the stomach"}]},{"type":"text","content":". This is especially important in headlines. For more information on terminology and approach, read the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/domestic-violence/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note on domestic violence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"double vaccination, full vaccination"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of the potential ambiguity of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"double vaccinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For vaccination schedules involving two separate doses, it is often better to speak of a person as being "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fully vaccinated"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Down syndrome"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use person-first language: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a baby with Down syndrome"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Down’s syndrome baby."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drivers licence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I’m going for my drivers licence"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (no apostrophe) but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that driver’s licence has expired"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Other places where apostrophes have disappeared: girls school, travellers cheques, widows pension."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug companies, drug dealer, drug raid, drug squad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not drugs raid, not drugs squad etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug charges"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drugs charges"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug use"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prefer to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug abuse "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"drug misuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dual names, dual naming"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The official titles of many Australian placenames contain both Indigenous and introduced elements: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kunanyi / Mt Wellington"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Grampians National Park / Gariwerd"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Occasionally, a place that is officially dual-named will be referred to solely by its traditional name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some general principles for stories dealing with dual-named locations:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reference both the Indigenous and introduced names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where space constraints permit only one name, use the more widely known name"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If there is the potential for audience confusion, reference the dual-naming process"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia’s official naming process does not always move in tandem with community sentiment. In many stories, it may be appropriate to use — or, potentially, offensive to exclude — Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander placenames that are not widely known by the public."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If unsure whether a feature is dual-named, check with your talent, a relevant Indigenous community organisation, the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ga.gov.au_placename\u0026d=DwMGaQ\u0026c=tpTxelpKGw9ZbZ5Dlo0lybSxHDHIiYjksG4icXfalgk\u0026r=yF8mRr_C8kVV2rJWRF-AmuGmDozaYvvOT52ZIuXw3iY\u0026m=lYXS8Obr7IIjjDQ1E5BhALYyYjYzdTH1l8sqJwR5D2U\u0026s=WCIXrH7DrOINa8gZTLCjycCh5IGaatIGvR6413z_wLE\u0026e="},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gazetteer of Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or your state-based geographical names board. These principles also apply to countries with similar dual-named locations, such as New Zealand."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dwarves"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural of dwarf (not dwarfs). The verb is to dwarf: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q1 dwarfs the surrounding buildings"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dye, dyeing, dyed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For hair or fabric dye."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"E"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"E. coli"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capital letter, full stop and space."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"each other"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Of two only; otherwise one another."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earlier"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often redundant: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they met this week"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is preferable to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they met earlier this week"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and will save space."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earn, earned"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both earned and earnt are acceptable, although earned is the more commonly used. However, it is ‘hard-earned cash’, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hard-earnt."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Earth"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap in reference to the planet: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Earth is in the path of an asteroid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to the ground, or extended figurative senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a pile of earth, earth-shattering"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"earthquakes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In writing, our style is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a magnitude-7.7 earthquake"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war. Upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"text","content":", too."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"East Timor, Timor-Leste"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Timor-Leste"}]},{"type":"text","content":". An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"also known as East Timor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be used if required."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eBay"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the medial capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ebola virus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Initial capital."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect, affect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"His nagging had no "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":" whatsoever. Wait for the drug to take "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"effect"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But that change will "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"affect "}]},{"type":"text","content":"a lot of people."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eg, e.g."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"From the Latin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exempli gratia "}]},{"type":"text","content":"meaning “for example”. Use punctuation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"e.g."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Eiffel Tower, the Eiffel Tower"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note where the capital letters are (and where they aren’t)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either … or, neither … nor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We have to choose "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either "}]},{"type":"text","content":"the pink "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"or"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the blue. We ended up with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"neither"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the pink "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" the blue. But be careful of stray ‘nor’s, as in ‘We don’t like the pink nor the blue.’ It should be ‘We don’t like the pink or the blue,’ or ‘we like neither the pink nor the blue.’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"election"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t capitalise, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal election"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queensland election."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Electoral Commissioner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"electrocute"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This means “kill by electricity”, so you would not say “electrocuted to death”. Nor would you say someone is in hospital recovering after being electrocuted. They’d be dead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elicit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means to draw out. On the other hand, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illicit "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means unlawful."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elude"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Escape, avoid. To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"allude to "}]},{"type":"text","content":"something means to refer to indirectly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elusive, illusive"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former describes something that is hard to catch hold of. The latter describes something that might cause an illusion or a deception."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"email"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen. But e-book, e-business, e-commerce, e-shares, e-shopping, e-zine."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"embargo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural embargos or embargoes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"embassy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap, e.g. Australian embassy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emend"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take out errors, edit ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"amend"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to improve)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"emigrate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leave"}]},{"type":"text","content":" one country and travel to another where you will live permanently. To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"immigrate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"arrive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in one country from another."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"empathic, empathetic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Are both used to describe someone who can empathise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"empires"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for plural or generic ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he’s building a private empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":") but capitalise specific empires ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Roman Empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"British Empire"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"en masse"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not ‘the teachers will stop work on mass’. We still use the French term to mean together, in a large body…"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"en route"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not on route."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"enamoured of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not with or by."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"encyclopedia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not encyclopaedia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"England"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Does not include Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UK"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Kingdom"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to refer to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as a whole. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Great Britain"}]},{"type":"text","content":" includes only England, Scotland and Wales."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"enquiry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Seeking information ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inquiry"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a more formal investigation into something)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ensure"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Make certain; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"insure"}]},{"type":"text","content":" against risk, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assure"}]},{"type":"text","content":" your life."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"envelop (verb), envelope (noun)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epicentre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The precise meaning of epicentre is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the central disturbance of an earthquake. However, it can be used more generally to describe the central point of other activities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epidemic, pandemic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Significant difference between the two in medical contexts, even if they are often used interchangeably. An epidemic is a disease with a temporary prevalence; a pandemic is usually prevalent throughout the entire country, continent, or planet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"epileptic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Should be used only to name the seizure; a person ‘has epilepsy’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"EPO (erythropoietin)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Erythropoietin (EPO) is a performance enhancing drug. It has the same name as the naturally occurring human hormone it replicates."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ersatz"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Serving as a substitute. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"erzats"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"esky"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case unless specifically referring to the brand."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"esports"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ETA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Basque separatists"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"etc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No punctuation. If spelled out: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"et cetera."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eulogy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A tribute. Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"elegy"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is a sad poem."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euphemisms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plain words are best every time. Do not talk of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disadvantaged people"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when you mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the poor"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or a woman who is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expecting "}]},{"type":"text","content":"when you mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pregnant"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Do not have people "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pass away "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or speak of their "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"demise"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in bulletins — say that they "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"die"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Also avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"collateral damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when referring to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"civilian casualties"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euro"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The currency used by many states in the European Union. Plural euros."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eurozone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case because it refers to the countries using the currency, not the European Union."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euthanase"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"euthanise"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evacuate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You cannot evacuate people, you can only evacuate places."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"every day, everyday"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is a noun ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"day"}]},{"type":"text","content":") modified by an adjective ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"every"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). The latter is an adjective commonly meaning mundane or ordinary: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an everyday occurrence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evocative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you’re going to say something is evocative, it helps to say what it’s evocative of."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"evoke, invoke"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Evoke"}]},{"type":"text","content":" involves giving out or producing something (evoke a memory, a scene, a smile). "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Invoke"}]},{"type":"text","content":" involves trying to get help or support from an outside source: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gillard urged federal MPs to invoke the spirit of Ben Chifley."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exact, extract"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exact"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (revenge, money, respect) means to demand or require, or to force to give or pay. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Extract"}]},{"type":"text","content":", on the other hand, generally refers to the action of getting or taking one object or substance out of another (for example, extracting a tooth or extracting juice from a vegetable). 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Gangsters, gunmen, and terrorists "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kill "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"murder"}]},{"type":"text","content":" people. For example, hostages in Iraq should be described as having been killed or murdered, or beheaded if that has been the method of killing the hostage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expatriate, expat"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"expatriate"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is someone who lives outside their native country. An "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ex-patriot"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is someone who used to be patriotic but isn’t any more."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"explicit, implicit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is often mistaken for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"implicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which means something assumed or implied. In fact, it’s an antonym: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means something that has been expressed clearly: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Brown said tax changes were implicit in the agreement, but he declined to be explicit"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In statistics, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential growth "}]},{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t just refer to an upward trend in value. For "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"exponential growth "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to occur, the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rate of increase must be increasing over time"}]},{"type":"text","content":". This can be a critical distinction in news coverage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"eyewitness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"F"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"F/A-18F Super Hornets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the complicated punctuation of the name. On subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Super Hornets"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hornets"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"facility"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Recognise jargon for what it is. Instead of medical facility, consider: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hospital, doctor’s surgery. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Instead of manufacturing facility, consider: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"factories."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fall out, fallout, falling out"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"don’t fall out of the boat"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"we can expect fallout from last night’s interview. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Noun, but different: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the brothers had a falling out over their father’s will"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"families"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In plural reference, no apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rhineharts, the Obamas, the Smiths. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In possessive reference, apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Rhineharts’ family feud"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Obamas’ dog."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Far North Queensland"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All capitalised."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Farsi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Language spoken by the majority of Iranians (not Persian)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fatal means “causing death”. It is clumsy to say “a Rural Lands Protection Board ranger is in intensive care in Dubbo hospital after surviving a fatal helicopter crash yesterday afternoon.” Better to say “the ranger survived a helicopter crash which killed another man”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatally injured"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Just say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fatwa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A religious ruling issued by a recognised Islamic institution or scholar in accordance with Islamic law. Widely misunderstood to mean a death sentence, fatwas may be issued for any number of questions of daily life. Because Islam does not have a central authority, fatwas do not necessarily bind those Muslims who do not accept the authority of the issuing agent."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal, Federal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Federal Court. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case most other uses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal parliament"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"federal government"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"feral, wild"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An important distinction: feral animals were once domesticated, and have since become wild: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"feral pigs, feral cats, feral horses"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Confusingly, some non-domesticated fauna — such as foxes and cane toads — are listed by the Australian government as feral."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer, less"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In general, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" with numbers of things: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"we need fewer bottles"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"less"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in reference to quantities: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"this year, cattle"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"are drinking less water"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Less"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is uncontroversially used in a few places where we might expect to see "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fewer"}]},{"type":"text","content":", including measurements of times and certain idiomatic constructs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the offenders served less than six months in jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"25 words or less."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fiance, fiancee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is masculine, the latter feminine. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"divorcee"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for both male and female. In all cases, the acute symbol is no longer required."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fibre-to-the-curb, fibre-to-the-node"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As above in first reference. In online news, abbreviated "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FTTC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" thereafter (this same applies to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fibre-to-the-node"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"financial markets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dow Jones Industrial Average or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dow Jones"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Financial Times Stock Exchange or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FTSE 100"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Standard \u0026 Poor’s or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S\u0026P 500"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"firefighter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not fireman."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fisher, fishers, fishermen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The gender-neutral term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fisher "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is preferred by some in the industry. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The key fitted the lock, she never fitted in."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flak"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not flack, when referring to heavy criticism or abuse (flak is the term for anti-aircraft fire). Flack when referring disparagingly to a PR person (not that we would, of course)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flammable, inflammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mean the same thing, not fireproof. 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Try not to confuse it with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flout "}]},{"type":"text","content":"which, while orthographically similar, has the opposite meaning of “to degrade openly”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"foetus"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fetus"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"FOI, Freedom of Information"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. Be aware: not all states and territories call it Freedom of Information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where relevant, use the accurate name when referring to requests made under specific local laws."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-fold"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Exercise caution with this suffix: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the population increased sixfold over 200 years "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means it was six times larger at the end of 200 years than it was at the beginning. It’s a tautology to say ‘increased "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by"}]},{"type":"text","content":" sixfold’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forbear"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To refrain. Your forebears are your ancestors."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"forbid"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Forbid someone to do something, not forbid ‘from’. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Forego "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means to go before, but given the potential for confusion, ‘precede’ may be a better choice."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful about putting "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in front of a title or description that still applies to a person. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A former Olympic gold medallist"}]},{"type":"text","content":" implies that the person has been stripped of a medal."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formerly"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Before, at a previous time. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formally "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means in a formal manner."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formula, formulas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"formulae"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"founder, capsize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Founder means “fill with water and sink to the bottom (of the sea)”. It’s also used with reference to projects that fail. 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A specific technique used in resource exploration, this term should not be used interchangeably for related activities, such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coal seam gas mining "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shale extraction"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fractions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-third, one-quarter, two-thirds"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a quarter of"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australians approve of the concept"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"fraternity"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid generic use of this term (i.e. in place of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"profession"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"community "}]},{"type":"text","content":"etc) outside of direct quotes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Freudian slip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap up."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frisbee"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Originally a trademark, this has now moved into common usage and doesn’t need a capital letter, unless you’re talking about the specific Frisbee product produced by Wham-O. 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Most who play it refer to the thrown object as a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disc."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"frontbench, backbench"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, whether used as a noun or an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"backbench, frontbench, backbench colleagues, frontbencher"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"front line, frontline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He’s on the front line, but a frontline battle."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"full time, full-time, part time, half time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate the adjectival forms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I work full time, therefore I’m a full-time worker."}]}]}]}},"title":"D-F","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103771562"},{"preparedTeaserText":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"G"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaffe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A blunder. But a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaff"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is an old nautical hook."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable with other wind descriptors in emergency broadcasts. The Beaufort scale of wind speeds runs, in ascending order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"breeze"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gale"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"storm"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hurricane"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Consult the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.bom.gov.au/info/wwords/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bureau of Meteorology’s glossary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"game show"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Game of Thrones"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you get this wrong (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Games of Thrones"}]},{"type":"text","content":") you need to brush up on your pop culture."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaol"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jail "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless going for severe affectation, or if the old spelling occurs in a placename: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Old Melbourne Gaol"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"garret, Garrett"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you mean a room on the top of a building, then it’s garret. The one-time environment minister and current Midnight Oil is Peter Garrett."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaslight, gaslighting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid outside of quotes. If essential, clarify what is meant by the term."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay and lesbian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gay and lesbian people or couples — not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gays and lesbians"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in this sense as an adjective, not as a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a gay person"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but never "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a gay"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender transition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The process of transitioning gender is different for each individual. It may involve medical, social, or legal procedures (e.g. surgery, coming out to family, a name change), it may not. Not all medical treatment for gender transition involves surgery. Consultation and hormone therapy are part of gender transition treatment. Avoid placing undue emphasis on the role of surgery in the gender transition process."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"geriatric"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid in reference to an older person to imply senility or irresponsibility. Fine in adjectival use in medical contexts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a geriatric ward"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"German measles"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Rubella"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the preferred term. 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Not to be confused with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guilt"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"glamorous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not glamourous."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"globetrotter, globetrotting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"global financial crisis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not capitals. Avoid GFC."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"GM crops, GM food"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Write genetically modified in first reference, GM thereafter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"God"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise in reference to a monotheistic entity: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Almighty"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holy Spirit"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Messiah"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Him"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my God, oh Lord"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. In reference to a polytheistic religious tradition (e.g. Norse) use lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Hindu god Ganesh"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"goodness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For goodness sake (no apostrophe)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"goodnight"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"good Samaritan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Google"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap up when referring to the company, but no cap if using it to refer generically to searching the internet: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I googled myself."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Gordian knot"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Complicated problem to be cut through."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gorilla"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the ape. If you’re talking about the subcategory of warfare, you (hopefully) mean "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guerilla"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"government portfolios"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a minster holds more than one portfolio, refer only to the one(s) relevant to the story. But use common sense. If referring to a minister’s obscure additional portfolio, cite his or her more familiar title and then add the more obscure responsibility: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Health Minister, who also has responsibility for aged care, says 12 new retirement homes will be opening up next month."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Governor-General"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not our head of state. The Governor-General is the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grand slam, Grand Slam"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The lower-case form is in wide use to refer to single major tournament wins, especially in tennis or golf. An upper case form refers to winning all major tournaments, usually in a calendar year. In speech, disambiguate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"career Grand Slam, calendar Grand Slam."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grandparent, grandfather, grandpa, grandma, grandmother"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"All one word. Also great-aunt, great-grandfather, great-great-grandmother"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grill, grille"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Grill is for cooking, grille is a grating."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grog runners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Northern Territory police define a grog runner as anyone taking alcohol into a restricted area, whether they intend to sell it or not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ground Zero"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to 9/11 or similar, capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guilt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is a feeling; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gilt "}]},{"type":"text","content":"involves gold paint or gold leaf."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"H"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"h, haitch, aitch"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In Australia (and elsewhere) the eighth letter of the alphabet has traditionally been pronounced "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"AYCH. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"A variant pronunciation, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HAYCH"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is also standard. Use whichever comes naturally to you."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hague, The"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hale and hearty"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hail "}]},{"type":"text","content":"a taxi."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"half"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen when used adverbially: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"you look half dead"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Hyphen when used adjectivally: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a half-eaten sandwich; half-time oranges."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hallowed ground"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not hollowed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanged, hung"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Criminals are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanged"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Pictures are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hung"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t mix up the two."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hanging participles, dangling participles"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A hanging participle (or dangling participle, or dangling modifier — the Beast has many names) is a subordinate clause which is not attached to the subject of the sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Born in Hobart in 1909"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s memorabilia to the Tasmanian Museum"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Was Rory really born last century? No — this is the second paragraph of a story about Errol Flynn and his daughter Rory. Much better to repeat the name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Errol Flynn was born in Hobart in 1909, and his daughter Rory has now donated her father’s."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hare lip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use this phrase; instead say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleft lip"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cleft palate"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"harebrained"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hairbrained"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hashtags"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use medial capitals and a pound symbol, whether in headlines or body copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Louis CK’s return raises questions of justice, sexism in comedy and #MeToo"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some hashtag movements have since lost the octothorpe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Black Lives Matter"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ice Bucket Challenge"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hat-trick"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"haybaling"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not bailing."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hay fever, hayfever"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words for the noun; as in, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Katie had bad hay fever while writing the ABC Style Guide"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Single word for the adjective, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hayfever remedies"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"head-to-head"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note hyphen placement."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headed, heading"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headed "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as a present participle form is an American affectation. Instead, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"heading"}]},{"type":"text","content":": "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is Australia heading for a hung parliament?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"headlines"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the first letter of the first word and proper nouns only: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lorde talks about headlining Splendour."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare, health care"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the compound form for adjectival senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare costs"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"healthcare providers"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Keep the separated form for noun sense, or names of government programs: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"primary health care"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Health Care Homes"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commissioner"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A high commissioner is the senior ranking diplomat (generally equivalent to an ambassador) representing a Commonwealth country, in another Commonwealth country. No capitals when referring to the position, caps when referring to an identified individual and using it as a title. So, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commissioner John Smith is the third high commissioner appointed to the position."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Court"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped when referring to a specific identified court, not capped when referring generically, for example, to the role of the high court."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Overused. The word means “important, memorable or famous in history”. Historical means “pertaining to history or based on fact, as distinct from legend”. So the fall of the Berlin Wall was a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historic "}]},{"type":"text","content":"event, but most public libraries hold "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical "}]},{"type":"text","content":"documents."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"historical periods"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take a capital if used in specific reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Industrial Revolution"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Renaissance"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hoi polloi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This expression means “the masses” or “the common people”. But some people use it incorrectly to refer to the rich and famous. A news item referred to Princess Mary of Denmark dining with the “hoi polloi”. In fact, she did not dine with the humble masses but with the rich and fashionable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holmes a Court, Peter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Holmes-a-Court (do not hyphenate)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Holocaust, holocaust"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for historical reference. Lower case in other reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"home in on"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hone"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hone your skills"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"home"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horde, hordes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horde "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of people, but a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hoard "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of treasure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hors d’oeuvre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Singular and plural."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horticulturist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Or horticulturalist – both are acceptable. The Australian Institute of Horticulture refers to its qualified and registered practitioners as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"horticulturists"}]},{"type":"text","content":", so that is preferred."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hospitalised"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taken (never “rushed”) to hospital is better."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hurricane"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capital letter for the individual hurricane, lower case for the general: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hurricane Katrina, the hurricane devastated the town"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ID cards"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the term "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegal immigrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to describe those arriving in Australia without proper papers, who are not claiming refugee status or whose claim for protection has been rejected; or anyone whose visa has expired and who is therefore not legally entitled to stay in Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illegitimate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use to refer to children born outside marriage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illusive, elusive"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Illusive"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"illusory"}]},{"type":"text","content":", describes something that causes an illusion or a deception. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Elusive"}]},{"type":"text","content":" describes something that is hard to catch hold of."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iMac, iPod, iTunes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imam"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This has two meanings in Islam. In Sunni communities (the majority of Muslims in Australia), it refers to a local religious leader and teacher who leads prayers and preaches at a mosque. This is by far the most common reference. In Shiite communities, its use is restricted to an agent of divine illumination, one of whom will come in every age to make the truth of Islam contemporary. This will only rarely be used in Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"improvised explosive devices, IED"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full on first reference with parentheses, abbreviate thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It was an improvised explosive device (IED) … the IED was not sophisticated. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"An alternative is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roadside bomb"}]},{"type":"text","content":", assuming it is actually on the roadside."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in vitro fertilisation, IVF"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Full name in first reference, abbreviate thereafter. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":" fine in headlines. No italics or hyphen for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in vitro"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Children are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conceived through IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"born through IVF"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"test tube baby"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Along with surrogacy and fertility medication, IVF can be considered an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"assisted reproductive technology"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inclusive language"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to sex and gender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Beware of generic masculine pronouns (i.e. using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"his"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for both sexes)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Look out for gender-specific occupational titles (e.g. use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police officer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in preference to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"policeman"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use women or men where the the issue largely relates to the general population: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"men's health"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women with breast cancer"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where the experiences of transgender or non-binary people are the focus of content, it can be appropriate to use other terms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pregnant people"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transwomen"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"those assigned male at birth"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with a prostate"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It may be necessary to explain such language."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to disability"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ensure any reference to a disability is editorially relevant. It may not be."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Describe people the way they want to be described. In collective reference, use person-first language, i.e. a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with a disability "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as opposed to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disabled person"}]},{"type":"text","content":". An exception is autistic people, who generally prefer disability-first language, i.e. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autistic person"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Focus on ability rather than disability: people who have a disability are multi-dimensional, and their disability is only one characteristic."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Further guidance is available at the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://www.abc.net.au/edpols/reporting-and-portraying-disability-in-abc-content/13645960"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reporting and portraying people with a disability guidance note"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to mental illness"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful not to imply that all mental illnesses are the same."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid stereotypes and use inclusive language."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Additional resources about the reporting and portrayal of people with a mental illness can be found at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.mindframe-media.info/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mindframe"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"References to ethnic groups"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where it is relevant to the discussion, immigrant groups can be named by reference to their previous nationality or region of origin: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Americans"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kurds"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid equating linguistic or ethnic groups with particular religious beliefs. Not all Lebanese-Australians are necessarily Muslim. Not all Muslims are Arabs."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be careful to check names of people from different cultures — don’t presume the standard European naming conventions and order of names."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ensure that the values of Australia’s many different cultures are taken into account, and that background issues are adequately explored. Ethnic cultures within Australia interact with each other and cannot simply be equated with the cultures of their country of origin."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use caution with generic geographical descriptors (eg "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South American cartels"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African migrants"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). Where you can be sure of accuracy and it is editorially relevant, be specific ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Argentinian cartels"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ugandan"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Asian"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"migrants"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use abbreviations or slang terms that are likely to offend ethnic groups."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"independent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not cap when referring to senators, members of parliament or candidates in elections: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he will run as an independent candidate for the seat of Mayo"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"text","content":"ndigenous, indigenous"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in any reference to a country’s original inhabitants: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Black Lives Matter movement inspired Indigenous minorities to speak out about systemic racism"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadian prosecutors have dropped charges against an Indigenous chief tackled by police"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to flora or fauna: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"How do you choose plants that are indigenous to your area?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indonesian names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some Indonesian people are known by one name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Iriana"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Boediono"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In news stories, use a courtesy title with such names on subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Megawati"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms Megawati"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"industrial action"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A catch-all term that can be ambiguous. If you mean “strike”, “sit-in”, “lock-out”, “go-slow”, then say so. Be specific. Avoid the expression “strike action”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infer, imply"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You imply something, I infer it. While many dictionaries do list a verb sense of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" that is equivalent to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imply"}]},{"type":"text","content":", it is widely considered to be nonstandard English. So do avoid it, unless that’s the look you’re going for."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinite"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is commonly used in two related but separate senses: “very large”; and “without limit”. There are occasions, particualrly in scientific or mathematical contexts, where the sense of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinite "}]},{"type":"text","content":"meaning “very large” is best avoided."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"infinitives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One of the English language’s oldest and most storied bugbears, splitting an infinitive means inserting a word (usually an adverb) between the word "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and a verb, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to boldly go"}]},{"type":"text","content":" instead of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"to go boldly"}]},{"type":"text","content":". There is no general or formal grammatical rule against splitting an infinitive. There are times when it can sound awkward or confusing: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He had advised his staff to not insist on their demands"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It should read: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He had advised his staff not to insist on their demands."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inflammable, flammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mean the same thing: not fireproof. Something that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" fireproof is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"non-flammable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"injured, wounded"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A soldier is wounded if they are hurt in battle. A soldier is injured if they’re hurt in an accident even if on the way to an operation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"innovation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the tautology "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new innovation"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inquiry, enquiry"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The first is usually used to describe a formal investigation: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an inquiry into operations at the City of Perth has identified a large number of “very serious” matters. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The latter is normally used to describe the act of seeking information: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"‘numerous lines of enquiry’ related to Moama double murder."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"International Date Line"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"internet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t cap."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iPad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iPhone"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ireland, Northern Ireland"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom; Ireland is not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State, IS, ISIL, Daesh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State militants"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Islamic State group"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Islamic State"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or other constructions that could be seen to legitimise its claim to statehood. For a more comprehensive overview of the differences between these terms, consult "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Arabic and Islamic Primer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the ABC Intranet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"iTunes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Small "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"i"}]},{"type":"text","content":", capital "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"T"}]},{"type":"text","content":", no space, no hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"J"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gaol "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of place names or affectation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jab"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care when using in medical contexts, especially in headlines. While standard, many take issue with the term’s colloquial nature: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Will aged care workers get the Pfizer jab?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jamaat-ud-Dawa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Terrorist group in Pakistan."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Japanese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, Japanese names consist of a family name and a given name in that order: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abe Shinzō. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This order is conventionally reversed in Western media: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shinzō Abe"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jargon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Most agree that jargon should be avoided. Why not simply favour words that are clear and direct? The problem is twofold: nobody can agree on what jargon is, and the examples keeps changing. Usage manuals, in their infinite wisdom, have formerly picked as jargon words that today seem uncontroversial: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"housing stock, due process. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Perhaps it is enough for the writer to remember that there are disciplines whose lexicon is necessarily obscurantist (the law, the arts, philosophy) and gird their pens accordingly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jeep"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jemaah Islamiah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We also cap East Jerusalem and West Jerusalem. East Jerusalem is a specific place defined as the part of Jerusalem under Arab (Jordanian) control prior to the 1967 war."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jihad"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jihad means “effort” or “striving” and refers to a struggle on behalf of a principle. It is viewed as something positive for a Muslim to do and it applies to many spheres of life, not only violent actions. Jihad does not translate as “war”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Joneses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As in “keeping up with the Joneses”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"judges and magistrates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a handy general guide, a magistrate is found in a local court, a judge in a district or county court and Justice is the term used for any higher level courts including Supreme, Federal and High."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Magistrates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Magistrate Michael Jones”, then “Magistrate Jones said”; “the magistrate said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"District and County Court Judges"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Judge Jane West”, then “Judge West said”; “the judge said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senior Judges (State and Territory Supreme Courts, the Federal Court, the High Court)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Justice Rex Chong”, then “Justice Chong said”, “the judge said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chief Judges/Chief Justices (High Court, Supreme Court, Federal Court, Family Court, District and County Courts)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First reference: “Chief Justice Mary Wilson”, then “the chief justice said”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In a story, employ the definite article, for example, “the chief justice of the Federal Court”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jujitsu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Judo is a less aggressive style of self-defence derived from jujitsu. No longer any need to insert a hyphen in jujitsu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"junior"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is shortened to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Jr"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when part of a name, as in Robert Downey Jr. Not ‘Jnr’ or any other combo."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"However, it is usually always written out in full as ‘junior’ in broadcast copy to make it easier to read."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"just deserts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"just desserts"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless you are saying you only want pudding."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"justify"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A word that is too often misused as a synonym for “defended” or “explained”. Justify means “to show something was right or warranted”."},{"type":"tagname","key":"br","props":{},"children":[]},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#TOP"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Top of Page"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"K"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kashmir"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective Kashmiri; but cashmere fabric."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kellogg’s Corn Flakes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But cornflakes in general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kerb"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"curb"}]},{"type":"text","content":", when referring to the edge of the footpath."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"KFC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Kentucky Fried Chicken"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kg"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not kgs, so it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10 kg."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kick-off"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphenate noun; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kick off"}]},{"type":"text","content":" verb."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kickstarter, kickstarter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised when referring to the specific platform, but lower case for verb forms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstart"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstarting"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kickstarted."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed, murdered, died"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murder"}]},{"type":"text","content":" has a specific legal meaning (i.e. the accused killed somebody deliberately or recklessly, and is therefore more morally culpable). Only use when that is the relevant charge or conviction: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"court documents allege Gabriella Delaney was murdered by Lucas Delaney"}]},{"type":"text","content":". When the responsibility for a person’s death is not in dispute, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be preferable to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"died"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as it helps makes agency clearer: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hannah Clarke was killed by her estranged husband."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Get legal advice if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kimberley, The, Western Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Kimberley region, the Kimberleys."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"king hit"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid where possible: use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-punch assault "}]},{"type":"text","content":"instead. An alternative, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"coward punch"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is emotive and judgemental. (Names for this type of offence differ by jurisdiction in Australia, from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unlawful striking causing death "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"single punches or strikes."}]},{"type":"text","content":")"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"King’s Cross Station"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the station in London, an apostrophe. Not so for Australia (see below)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kings Cross, St Georges Terrace, Frenchs Forest"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As a general (gazetteer) rule, no apostrophes in Australian place names."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kleenex"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knee-jerk reaction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knights, dames and ladies"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If John Smith has been knighted, the convention is to call him "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir John Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir John"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same applies to dames: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Kiri Te Kanawa"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Kiri"}]},{"type":"text","content":", Dame "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary Gilmore"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dame Mary"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The wife of Sir John Smith, Jane Smith, should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lady Smith"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not Lady Jane."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"knockout"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Single word for noun; knock out verb."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"koala"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"koala bear"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kolkata"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Calcutta"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track, Kokoda Trail"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Trail"}]},{"type":"text","content":" are in common use and are considered acceptable (including by the Australian War Memorial). But the ABC’s preferred usage is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kokoda Track"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kombi, kombi"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a capital letter if you’re referring to a Volkswagen Kombi, but lower case if you just mean a generic, family-sized van."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koran, Qur’an"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Koran"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the more established spelling in Australian news contexts; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Qur’an "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is more accurate to the Arabic word. The latter is fine in specialist content, or when preferred by contributors. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Quran"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Korean names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Names in both Koreas generally consist of a family name and a given name in that order. Use the full name on first reference and a family name on subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"South Korean President Moon Jae-in"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Moon"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Given names in South Korea are usually hyphenated, with a lower case second element: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Min Yoon-gi"}]},{"type":"text","content":". By contrast, given names in North Korea are spaced with an upper case second element: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kim Jong Un"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Check if unsure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kosovo, Kosovans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective, noun Kosovan; better than Kosovar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kph"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We use this as the abbreviation, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"km/h. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast copy, write in full to avoid misunderstandings: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kilometres per hour"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kung fu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No caps."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyrgyzstan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adjective Kyrgyz."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv, Kiev"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the preferred Ukrainian spelling for the city’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]}},"title":"G-K","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103771564"},{"preparedTeaserText":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"L"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"La Trobe University"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but Latrobe Valley"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"labelling of groups and individuals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The ABC takes no editorial stand in its programming, and its journalism is accurate, impartial and objective. We should take care with labelling groups or individuals. When we do label them, we should ensure we do so in a factual, relevant and consistent way. This applies whether we are talking about the use of words such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"terrorist"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"extremist"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hardline"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militant"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or labels such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"right-wing"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"left-wing"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"conservative"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radical"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In most cases, it is far better to report factually on the group or individuals and what they have done, rather than apply a label which (more often than not) requires some sort of value judgement and comparison to be made."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reviewing your copy, the key test is whether you can report on events in a clear and concise way, giving the audience all the information it needs to understand what is happening without the use of labels. On most occasions, this will be the case. Inevitably, there will be times when labels are needed to provide valuable information or context. In such circumstances, it is important that we rely on descriptions that are factual and accurate, and that do not involve subjective judgements. In cases where a third party has used a label to describe a group or individual, this should be made clear within the broadcast."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Apply the editorial principles on labelling consistently to all groups and individuals in a story. The ABC has "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/accuracy/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"editorial guidance"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on accuracy which includes helpful advice on when to include labelling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labor, Labour"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Labor Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (ALP), "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labour Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"labour movement"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (everywhere), "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Labour Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (UK, NZ)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LandCruiser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Single word, with a second capital letter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"landholder"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not hyphenated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"laptop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"larva, larvae, lava"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Larva "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are insects — plural "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"larvae"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lava "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is volcanic magma."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lasso, lassoes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There’s an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"e "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in there."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Last Post"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Military tradition. A bugle call played at military funerals and at ceremonies to commemorate those who have died in battle."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"latitude"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Like this: 21 deg 14 min S"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lawmaker"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Americanism, this refers to a sitting politician. It’s imprecise, so consider alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"members of Congress"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"senators"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"members of the House of Representatives"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or just plain "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"politicians"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay, lie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hens "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" eggs. People "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" things such as carpets and tablecloths. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as a transitive verb, needs a direct object and its past form is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"laid"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lie"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (meaning “to be in a horizontal position”) does not take a direct object. Its past tense form, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":", can understandably cause some confusion with the above. Adopt the following usage:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Why don’t you "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lie"}]},{"type":"text","content":" down and have a rest”. (Present tense)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“We found it "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lying"}]},{"type":"text","content":" under the bed”. (Present participle)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“As he "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lay"}]},{"type":"text","content":" dying” (Past tense)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“He "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lied"}]},{"type":"text","content":" about his involvement in the war.” (Past tense of the verb meaning to make a false statement.)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"layby, laybys"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our style."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lbw"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Leg before wicket (cricket). No need to capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead, led"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lead "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a verb meaning to show the way. The past tense of the verb "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"led"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Pronounced differently, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a metal that is soft and grey. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I will lead the march and, having led it, will write about it with a lead pencil. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Often in sports broadcasts we hear about a team with an "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unassailable lead. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"That would suggest it cannot be overtaken. They might just have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commanding lead"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead-up (to), lead up (to)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lead-up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"in the lead-up to the final exam we’ll be taking weekly tests. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"By contrast, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lead up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a phrasal verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"weekly tests will lead up to a final exam"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leaderboard"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"learned, learnt"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both “learned” and “learnt” are acceptable as the past tense and past participle of learn. Just be careful to avoid confusion with the adjective “learned” as in ‘learned’ scholars."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leavened"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A talk might be leavened by humour (not ‘levelled’)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"left wing, the left, the Labor Party’s Left faction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Left-wing is hyphenated when used as an adjective. Left-winger is also hyphenated but consider before using (see labelling)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"legionnaires’ disease"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Named after an outbreak at a conference of American Legionnaires."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lego"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A trade mark, so capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Leicester"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pronounced "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LES-tuh."}]},{"type":"text","content":" A city in the county of Leicestershire, England."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lepers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use; regarded as inappropriate and stigmatising; prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people with leprosy"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or, if they are being treated, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"leprosy patients"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lese majeste"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen; the crime of violating the majesty. Thailand is one the few countries to keep this law."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levee, levy"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The town hoped the flood "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levee "}]},{"type":"text","content":"would hold. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"levy"}]},{"type":"text","content":" was imposed to raise revenue."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTI"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Several terms exist to describe a range of different sexual orientations and gender identities. These include: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBTI"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which includes intersex people, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBTQI"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which includes those who identify as queer. In most cases, unless specific intersex or other issues are being discussed, LGBT will suffice: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Should the mining sector do more to support LGBT workers? "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Many groups, including ABC Pride, are moving away from the acronym as an umbrella term, preferring more inclusive and accurate terminology: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sexuality and gender diverse people"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"those with diverse sexualities and gender identities"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberal, liberal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capital for the Australian political party: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberals"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Liberal Party"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberal Party of Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (official name). 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Do not cap "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"local government"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Australian local government nomenclature varies. Council heads can variously be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mayors"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lord mayors"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"presidents"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Elected members are variously "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"councillors "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aldermen"}]},{"type":"text","content":". 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As with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"clever"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"man, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"most generic reference is two words."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord’s"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"English cricket ground."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lycra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitals."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"M"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MacKillop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary MacKillop became Australia’s first saint on 17 October 2010."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mackintosh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the garment. 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Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"miced"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micing."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micro-parties"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Micro-party"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"micro-parties"}]},{"type":"text","content":" — two words joined by a hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"midterm, midterms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case, no hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mileage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"kilometreage"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless you’re having a laugh."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This means a body of soldiers — usually civilians, rather than professional soldiers. An individual from the militia would be a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militiaman"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"militiawoman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Milky Way"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalised as such."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mindful of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"about."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minister, Minister"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full titles of incumbent government ministers, here or elsewhere: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for generic and plural use, or in reference to former office holders: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the minister said, federal and state health ministers"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" then-foreign affairs minister Alexander Downer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minutia, minutiae"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Small or trivial details."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"miracle"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fine in attributed quotes, but prone to overuse. Be wary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"misnegation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be wary of combining negated forms, as in the following: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Once again the Australian public completely fails to miss the point of the Barmy Army. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Logically, such a sentences conveys the opposite meaning to what they intend: the Australian public has not missed the point of the Barmy Army. Such sentences are relatively common, but for clarity’s sake cut the Gordian knot: if you mean the point "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"should not be missed"}]},{"type":"text","content":", say (or write) exactly that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mitigate, militate"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Mitigate” is sometimes used by mistake for “militate”. “Mitigate” means “to make something less extreme”. It’s often used in reference to the severity of a punishment or the intensity of heat, anger or pain. “Mitigating circumstances” are those that reduce blame. “Militate (against)” means “to be a force (against)” or “to work (against)”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mixed metaphors, literary allusion"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As the following example sentence shows, if you start a sentence in one metaphor it’s wise to finish in the same one: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they’ve put all their eggs in one basket and it’s misfired"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Take special care, too, when using literary or classical allusions. The type of person apt to notice them is especially apt to notice if you muck them up, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"After a decade of inaction, we may already be too far down the Rubicon."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mixtape"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mohammed"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred spelling for the prophet of Islam. For a more comprehensive overview of terminology in Islam, consult "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://intranet.abc.net.au/assets/documents/editorialpoliciesandguidance/otheradvice/ArabicPrimerPOL.pdf"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Arabic and Islamic Primer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the ABC Intranet."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lord Monckton"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is either: Christopher Monckton; Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley or Lord Monckton. Never Lord Christopher Monckton as this would only be used if he was the younger son of a Duke or Marquis eg. Lord Randolph Churchill son of the Duke of Malborough."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Moqtada al-Sadr"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An Iraqi Shiite cleric."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MP"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abbreviation for member of parliament. Plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"MPs"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mullah"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A Muslim teacher or scholar. The term is most commonly associated with countries such as Iran where Shia Islam is dominant but is also used in countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan and Azerbaijan where Sunni Muslims dominate. The term is rarely used in Sunni Arabic-speaking communities, where Imam” or shaykh are the common usages."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mumbai"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Bombay"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray-Darling Basin"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Always hyphenate. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray-Darling basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the basin "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in subsequent reference. Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lower basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"upper basin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Adjacent geographical features don’t always take capitals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Murray lower lakes."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"music genres"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Here are some that cause orthographic trouble: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hip hop, metalcore, heavy metal, hardcore, post-punk, nu-metal"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R\u0026B"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rock ‘n’ roll."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant strain"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"mutant virus "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and other alarmist language; mutations are changes in the genetic material, happen frequently and are not (by themselves) cause for alarm. Emerging forms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are best referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"variants"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Muzak"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trademark, so capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My School"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Official website name is two separate words, both capped"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Is the name of the country. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Burma"}]},{"type":"text","content":", unless the country’s previous name is editorially relevant. When referring to the country’s residents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"people of Myanmar"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar people"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adjectival form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar custom"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmar cuisine. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myanmarese"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"myself"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myself"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a reflexive pronoun, which means it is used when the object of a verb is the same as its subject: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he gave himself a raise. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Sometimes reflexive pronouns are incorrectly used where a subject or object case pronoun ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"me"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I"}]},{"type":"text","content":") would do just as well: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"experienced professional journalists like myself and Mia Freedman. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Avoid this misuse."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"N"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"name changes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unless there are compelling editorial or legal reasons not to do so, refer to a person by their chosen name. When an individual is known to the public by their prior name, it may be necessary to use it sparingly to inform audiences: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canadian actor Elliot Page, formerly known as Ellen, says he is transgender. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Once the new name is established, avoid using the former name. Use an individual’s chosen name in headlines."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NAPLAN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to spell out or explain the acronym in headlines, or even body text. If it needs explaining, simply refer to it in the first mention as “the standardised literacy and numeracy tests” or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"narc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the pejorative contraction of “narcotics agent”. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nark."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"narrow victory"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A win by 100 to 99, in sport or politics, is self-evidently a narrow one. Avoid the obvious."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NASA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, but no need to spell out."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"National Broadband Network, NBN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap and write out in full in first instance. The abbreviation is acceptable in second reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Native Title, native title"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in most reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a native title action"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the court determined a native title claim"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Upper case in specific reference to legislation or official bodies: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Native Title Act"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the National Native Title Tribunal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"NATO"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, but no need to spell out."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Testament"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new year, New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No cap for the generic sense: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament delayed voting until the new year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"new year celebrations. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for specifics: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Day"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Eve"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese New Year"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New Year’s Honours"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New York City"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But lower case in other related constructions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"New York state."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"newspapers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Age"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Age newspaper"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In passing reference, drop the definite article: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the news was reported in today’s Age."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ngaanyatjarra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Aboriginal group of the Australian Western Desert."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nicknames"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Usually capitalised in reference to famous sobriquets: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Iron Lady"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Alexander the Great"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andre the Giant"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ni-Vanuatu, Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vanuatuan"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use either as the adjectival descriptor for ethnic Melanesian people from Vanuatu: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"More than 300 ni-Vanuatu workers are picking mangoes… seasonal workers from Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ni-van "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is also commonly used, though is colloquial. Depending on the context, it may be necessary to explain that "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ni-Vanuatu"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the term for people from the country."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nobel prize"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the name of each prize, e.g. the Nobel Peace Prize, the Nobel Prize in Literature. Some will say there is no such thing as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Nobel Prize in economics. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"This is technically true, if overwhelmingly pedantic. The "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is younger, true (first awarded in 1968, against 1901 for the main awards) and more commercial (presented by a bank, not the Swedish Academy). But it is presented at the same ceremony as all the other ones and so is commonly referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Nobel Prize in Economics"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"none"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is a myth that “none” has to take a singular verb: plural is acceptable and often sounds more natural, e.g. “none of the issues have been resolved”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"none the wiser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was none the wiser "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I was little the wiser"}]},{"type":"text","content":") means to be was still confused. But drop the article in the positive version: ‘I was a little wiser’, not ‘I was a little "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" wiser’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Noongar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Largest Indigenous population in Western Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A conjunction used to continue negation after an initial negative clause, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Myer’s performance since listing has not helped, nor has the recent brutal market correction. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"It is also commonly found acting as a correlative conjunction after "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"neither"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"your health records are neither safe nor secure. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In this example, using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"or "}]},{"type":"text","content":"would be nonstandard."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nordic countries"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. Scandinavia is a more specific ethnic/cultural term, which is generally only used for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and tends to exclude Greenland, which is a territory of Denmark."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"North Pole"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"numbers, measurements"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Online"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For plain numbers, spell out from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zero"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nine"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but use numerals from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10 "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"999,999"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Millions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"billions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"are written in words and figures, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"1 million"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"8.6 billion"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Once a number gets to 1,000, use a comma. Spell out ordinals from "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ninth"}]},{"type":"text","content":", thereafter "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"31st"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100th"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"With measurements, always use a numeral, even if the number is smaller than 10, e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"3 kilometres"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"three kilometres"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"6 kilograms"}]},{"type":"text","content":" rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six kilograms. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Spell out measurements in the first instance, then use the symbol in subsequent references. Like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sydney could expect up to 200 millimetres of rainfall … Only 10mm is expected in the state’s west. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Put the symbol next to the numeral; you don’t need a space between them."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use numerals in reference to timed events. Spell out "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hours"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minutes"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seconds"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in the first reference; in subsequent reference, separate units of measurement with a colon: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mary Jones finished the marathon in 2 hours, 18 minutes and 42 seconds… silver medallist Mary Macklin crossed the line in 2:18:46."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When starting a sentence with a number, do not use numerals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Fourteen Board members arrived; five were from Queensland. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"For ages: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"22-year-old Joseph Nagel "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" six-year-old Jenny Sanders"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the woman was in her 30s"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Betting odds are separated by an en dash: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"100–1"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"10–1"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General principles:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid overusing numbers in script copy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid putting numbers first in a sentence. Listeners can easily miss the first words of a news item."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When writing scripts for broadcast, write measurements in full: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"millilitres, kilometres per hour,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Consider whether the numbers or measurements involved in your story require precision, or a round figure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"On rounding: say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"about"}]},{"type":"text","content":", rather than "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"approximately"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"some — "}]},{"type":"text","content":"the latter is non-conversational, formal-speak. Say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"more than 500"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"over 500."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a precise figure is essential to the meaning, it may be necessary to repeat it."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"O"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Palestinian Territory, Occupied Territories"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Palestinian Territory "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Occupied Territories "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to Gaza, East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Avoid the use of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in reference to these entities."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OECD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full on first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Abbreviate in second reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OECD."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"off of"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"People often object to this this particular construction (preposition + "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"of"}]},{"type":"text","content":") on the basis of colloquialism. In more formal registers, just use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"off "}]},{"type":"text","content":"instead."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offbeat, offhand, offside"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offshore"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Oh!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not O!"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"oil rig"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For exploration and drilling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"OK"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okay"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But write out the verb form in full: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okaying"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"okayed"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Olympics, Olympian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise in all references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Olympics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Winter Olympics"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Olympic Games, the Games"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid “former Olympian”; once an athlete competes they are an Olympian for life."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ombudsman, ombudsmen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capitalise the full name of the ombudsman in the first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the ombudsman"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on to, onto"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onto"}]},{"type":"text","content":", like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"into"}]},{"type":"text","content":", is written as one word when a preposition ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"jump onto the boat"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"walk onto the stage"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and otherwise as two words ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"carry on to the end"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"move on to discuss other things"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one another"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use one another if more than two use each other for two only."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one in six, one in ten, agreement "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q: Are constructions like this singular or plural? A: Yes. Both singular and plural verbs are used depending on whether the referent is a single person or a mass of people: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One Australian in every three is a migrant"}]},{"type":"text","content":" exists happily alongside "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one in five Australian children have gone hungry in the past twelve months"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one-time adviser to the Liberals"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"online, offline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"working online, etc"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"only"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Misplacing “only” can greatly affect the meaning. Put it as close as you can to the phrase it modifies and take care that you don’t turn the sentence into a comment. “He was sentenced to only three years jail” suggests we think he got off lightly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onscreen, offscreen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She’s likeable "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onscreen"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"offscreen"}]},{"type":"text","content":" less so. Same goes for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"onstage, backstage, offstage."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ophthalmologist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Are specialists in ophthalmology. Mind that first "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"h"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Order of Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are four levels of appointment, listed in descending order of prestige, with attendant postnominal:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Companion (AC), Officer (AO), Member (AM) and Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Order of Australia is not an award. It recognises people for achievement or for meritorious service. People are not awarded an Order of Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A person is made a Companion (AC), an Officer (AO) or a Member (AM) of the Order of Australia, or receives a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM).”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"orangutan"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ordinance, ordnance"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former refers to laws or regulation, the latter to weaponry."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"orient, disorient"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Same as (and preferred to) ‘orientate’, ‘disorientate’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-our, -or"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use -our, not -or, for words such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"behaviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"flavour"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saviour"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"our"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The ABC does not own cities, troops, a swimming team, or the weather. Use the appropriate terms: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian cities"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Olympic swimmers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Adelaide weather"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian dollar"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"outlook"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The outlook is good. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the outlook looks good"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is tautological."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Oxford comma, serial comma"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A comma placed before the last item in a list: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she ate grapes, toast, and cheese"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid unless it aids the reader or prevents ambiguity."}]}]}},"title":"L-O","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103771566"},{"preparedTeaserText":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"P"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"p’s and q’s"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case, no apostrophes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pacific Islander, Pasifika"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Both terms are used to refer to people living in Australia or New Zealand with Pacific Island heritage. Both are collective terms: where possible, be specific and describe your talent the way they wish to be described. See also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paean"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"song of praise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paedophile, paedophilia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedophile "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or derived forms. Be careful with the use of hyphens: a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child-sex offender"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can only be a paedophile; a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"child sex offender"}]},{"type":"text","content":" could be a young person charged with sex offences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pair"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to two people, treat as a plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the pair were charged"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the pair are due to face court."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"palate, palette"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palate "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is taste, or the roof of your mouth … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"palette "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a range of colours or a painter’s board."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palestinian Authority"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PA for short."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Palme d’Or"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The highest prize awarded at the Cannes film festival."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"panic buy, panic buying"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Hyphen for verb senses, but not for noun senses: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"an epidemic of panic buying"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Canberrans panic-bought toilet paper."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pantyhose"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not pantihose."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"paparazzi, paparazzo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural and singular, respectively."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on par, on a par with"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not quite the same: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I’m feeling a bit below par. The golfer finished the round six under par. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Can home schooling be on a par with the state-run system?"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Paralympic Games"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Or Paralympics."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parker Bowles, Camilla "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Duchess of Cornwall. No hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parkinson’s disease "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Include the possessive apostrophe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament, parliament"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case proper names or full titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Parliament House, the 46"},{"type":"tagname","key":"sup","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"th"}]},{"type":"text","content":" Parliament of Australia. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In all other cases, lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"state parliament sits next week, all eyes in parliament have been on Peter Dutton. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Upper case the full names of overseas parliaments and their equivalents: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"US Congress, Britain’s House of Commons, Russia’s Duma "}]},{"type":"text","content":"but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Russia’s parliament"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"past tense"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you start a sentence in the past tense, you should continue in the past tense."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"So:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Superintendent MacArthur said there is no breakthrough yet. (Wrong)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Superintendent MacArthur said there was no breakthrough yet. (Right)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He said although police have spoken to a number of people, no-one has been charged. (Wrong)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"He said although police had spoken to a number of people, no-one had been charged. (Right)"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"See more under entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tense"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pastime"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s what you do to pass the time."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"patient zero"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In stories where scientific accuracy is critical, it may be clearer to use terms such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"index case "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(the first case to come to the attention of investigators) and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"primary case"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (the case responsible for bringing disease to an area)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peccadillo "}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peccadilloes"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"What you do to a bicycle. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Peddle "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is what a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pedlar "}]},{"type":"text","content":"does, unless he’s a drug "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peddler"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Both words mean the same thing, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peddler"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is more common in the US. 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"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Impending"}]},{"type":"text","content":", on the other hand, means “something about to happen”. For the sake of conversational English, avoid both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"peninsula"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This is a noun. 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Fine to use in Latin set phrases : "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per capita"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per se"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per annum"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per head"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two words: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"percent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"%"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Can be shortened in headlines or similar: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"House prices set to rise 15pc: analyst. Percentage"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is one word. A percentage should be written as a figure ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"2 per cent, 24 per cent"}]},{"type":"text","content":") unless used to start a sentence. Be wary of the difference between "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per cent"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"percentage point"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per se"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"by or in itself; intrinsically. It’s Latin, and sometimes appears in transcripts as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"per say"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which is wrong."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"perspex"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No need to capitalise, unless you are referring to the specific trademarked product ."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arts is plural. But in the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) the word ‘Art’ is singular"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perpetual Loyal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only use initial capitals, rather than spelling LOYAL with all caps."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phase"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Refers to a period of time, or a phase of development. A homophone, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"faze"}]},{"type":"text","content":", means worry, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"nothing fazed her"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PhD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note that capitalisation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phenomenon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word and its plural often get misused. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Phenomena"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the plural but many use it when they mean phenomenon. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A phenomena"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is incorrect. It should be two or more phenomena."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Philippines, Philippine islands, Philippine president, Philippines government"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"inhabitants are Filipino (m), Filipina (f), Filipinos (m + f)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phone numbers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast, phone numbers are rarely remembered by listeners. They need to be stated clearly and repeated regularly. The aim is to make the numbers as simple as possible to remember."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where a number has six numbers — e.g. 131300 — it should be stated as “One three one, three hundred”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"131273 should be stated as “One three one, two seven three.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Our talkback numbers and other 1300 numbers should be stated as “One three-hundred”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Eight numbers — e.g. 42791856 — should be expressed as “Four two seven nine, one eight five six”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For ten digit mobile numbers use the four-number prefix — for 0428 say “zero four two eight”, and then break the following six numbers into two parts — “three six nine, five eight four”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Double numbers such as “66” should be expressed as “double 6” and, similarly, three numbers would be “triple 6” and so on."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For broadcast, refer to emergency services numbers as “triple zero”, not “triple oh”."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Text Messages: We use the term “Text” rather than “SMS”. Don’t refer to text authors by their phone number, or any abbreviation of it."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Other numbers and lists: finance information, currency, calendar dates and numbers are an area where we risk variation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where providing lists (such as key exchange rates), present the list in the same sequence every time — remember, listeners are creatures of habit."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"phosphorus (noun), phosphorous (adjective)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mind the extra "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"u."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photojournalist"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word, no hyphen required"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photos, pics"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photo’s"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pix"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"photoshop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Started life as a trademark, but now in such common use that it no longer requires a capital letter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pigeonhole"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Verb or noun"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pilates"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You need to capitalise this, as it refers to a specific fitness regime named after Thomas Pilates."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Strictly speaking, should be referred to as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PIN"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"text","content":", as it is an acronym and stands for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"personal identification number"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adding "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"number"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is therefore redundant. However, the expression "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pin number"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is now so common that it is considered acceptable."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pitjantjatjara"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Major Aboriginal language group"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plain English"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use it. For example, we prefer "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"begin"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"start "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to the rather pompous "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commence"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"buy "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to the equally pompous "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"purchase"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plaster of paris"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No caps for paris."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plasticine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"plateau (singular), plateaus (plural)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"not plateaux"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Play-Doh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It’s a trademark. Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"play-dough "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for generic reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"play-off (noun), play off (verb)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"PlayStation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"playwright, playwriting"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A playwright practises the art of playwriting. therefore it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"playwriting prize"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not ‘playwrighting prize’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pleaded"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pled"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police, cop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formal "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"police"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is preferred to informal "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cop, cops"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in body copy."},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cop"}]},{"type":"text","content":" can be acceptable in headlines, particularly for lighter stories: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Top cop honoured for bravery"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cop killer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable: all refer to different groupings of Pacific Island countries. Melanesian is sometimes considered offensive on etymological grounds. Where possible, be specific and describe your talent in their preferred terms."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pope, papal"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case Pope when used as a full title or preceding a name: Pope John Paul II. 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Will be relevant in some legal stories, where they should be noted in first reference but not thereafter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bret Walker SC"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"… Mr Walker said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Post-it"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trademark, so capitalise. Note no capital on "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"it"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Latin means “after death”, and is often used as an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem examination"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem "}]},{"type":"text","content":"has also been used as a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Review of post-mortem delays murder case"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some view this as nonstandard: if you’re worried, just use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"autopsy"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-op, pre-op"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid in reference to transgender people. Write out in full for sporting or other medical contexts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prayut Chan-o-cha"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Thai military leader and Prime Minister. Formerly "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prayuth Chanocha."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Premier"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap it for an incumbent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"No cap for past state leaders: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"former NSW premier Bob Carr"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The Chinese traditionally give their Prime Minister the title of premier: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Premier Wen Jiabao"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Bermuda, too, has a premier rather than a Prime Minister."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers, minor premiers, champions, championship"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not interchangeable in domestic sporting codes. In AFL and NRL competitions, teams are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"minor premiers "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they complete their season at the top of the league table, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they win the grand final (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiership"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). In the A-League, by contrast, teams finishing the season at the top of the ladder are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"premiers"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"champions "}]},{"type":"text","content":"if they win the grand final (or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"championship"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"preposition"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ending a sentence with a preposition is fine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"something to aim for"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a great place to walk to"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prescribe, proscribe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prescribe"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is to lay down as a rule to be followed. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Proscribing"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to forbid, denounce or condemn. A sentence such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"development can only take place under certain proscribed circumstances"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is incorrect."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister-elect"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Also "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"president-elect"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But in Australia, we have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister-designate."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pronunciation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When copy contains difficult or unfamiliar words, provide a precise pronunciation guide at the top of the page. Be guided by your talent, or by a resource such as ABC Language. If you don’t know it, don’t guess."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"pronouns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use the pronouns a person chooses to go by. For some people, this may include singular they, as in: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Dr Andy Kaladelfos agreed… they said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prophet, the Prophet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when used preceding the name of someone considered to be divine: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prophet Mohammed"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Prophet Elijah"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case for general or idiomatic use: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a false prophet"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"prophets of doom"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"punctuation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"apostrophe"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To form the possessive of singular nouns or indefinite pronouns, add an apostrophe and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s"}]},{"type":"text","content":": "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a dog’s breakfast"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a room of one’s own"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Plural nouns ending in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"just get the apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the politicians’ dispute"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"athletics’ darkest day"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Treat plural forms not ending in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as you would singular nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"children’s games"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For first names and surnames ending in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s"}]},{"type":"text","content":", add an apostrophe and another "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"s"}]},{"type":"text","content":": "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lucas’s parents"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Higgins’s claim. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Note some set phrases are treated as singular: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"writer’s block"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cow’s milk"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If a period of time modifies a noun, use an apostrophe: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he was sentenced to 10 years’ jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she is taking six weeks’ holiday"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or rewrite the phrase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he was sentenced to 10 years in jail"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she is taking six weeks off"}]},{"type":"text","content":". No apostrophes when the time period is adverbial: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"two weeks old"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"six months pregnant"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Misplacing an apostrophe can change the meaning of a phrase. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My brother’s friend’s house"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is different to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my brothers’ friend’s house"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and different again to "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"my brother’s friends’ house. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Australian place names generally don’t have apostrophes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kings Cross"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Badgerys Creek"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Some international place names retain them. Always check."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"brackets"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The rules for using brackets are simple: words added into a quote should be contained in square brackets, to make it clear that we’ve inserted them: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I like them [cakes] but I prefer to bake other things. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Keep the original word in there; don’t replace it with the word in brackets. Add "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"[sic]"}]},{"type":"text","content":" after an incorrect or unusual spelling in a written quote, to show the error was from the quoted person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer [sic] and landed lip first. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use round brackets for parentheses, or after an unfamiliar acronym to spell out in full."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"bullet points"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t put a full stop at the end of bullet points in Key Points boxes. With longer bullet points that consist of full sentences, you can use full stops — just make sure you’re consistent within a story."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"colons"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon (not a comma) to introduce quotes if the quote is a full sentence: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The company released a statement, which"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" "}]},{"type":"text","content":"said: “This is a tragedy and our thoughts are with the families.” "}]},{"type":"text","content":"No colon if the quote is only a fragment: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms Asher said the taste was “bitter and horrible”."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon to precede a list:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" There are three MPs who are still undecided: Marise Clark, Joe Aberdy, and Samantha Hardy. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use a colon when the first part of a sentence introduces a proposition that is resolved in the second part. This makes the meaning clearer than if you just used a comma. For example, compare these versions of a sentence:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She raised $100,000 over the period"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":","}]},{"type":"text","content":" $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She raised $100,000 over the period"},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":":"}]},{"type":"text","content":" $80,000 at the dinner, and $20,000 from functions."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Using a comma implies that she raised a total of $200,000. Using a colon makes it clear that she raised a total of $100,000, made up of two amounts."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Colons are also used to separate kickers (or quotes, or similar) from the rest of the headline. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Budget 2020: What do we know so far? "}]},{"type":"text","content":"In cases like the above, cap after the colon. Normal capital letter conventions apply when you’re using a colon in a headline for the purposes of attribution. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Murray River is dying: researchers"}]},{"type":"text","content":" but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Murray River is dying: Greens"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"commas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The general rule with commas is that the sentence should still make sense without whatever sits between the commas: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The director, Sofia Coppola, said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"You could also write this without commas at all: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Director Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Both are correct. The comma-free option can run into trouble if the person being described has a long title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN special coordinator for the Middle East peace process Robert Serry arrived on Tuesday. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"If that’s the case, rewrite with parenthetical commas."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Whatever you do, don’t drop a single parenthetical comma but leave the other one in. In other words, avoid punctuating like this: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The director, Sofia Coppola said she deliberately made the film highly stylised. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Broadcast scripts — like much 19th century literature — often use commas to indicate points at which a reader can take a breath. Such commas should be removed in any online copy."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"dashes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There are three types of dashes: the em rule, the en rule and the hyphen. Internationally, their use is far from standardised. At the ABC we use them in the following ways."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an em rule (—) to create breaks in a sentence — like this. Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0151 on your keyboard’s number pad."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an en dash (–) to separate numbers, dates or distances: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"50–60 protesters"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"June–July figures"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Perth–Broome route"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If the dates include digits, put a space either side of the en dash: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"June 6 – July 4"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Create it by holding down the Alt key and pressing 0150 on your keyboard’s number pad."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use a hyphen (-) to link select words and phrases: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"post-mortem"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multi-billion-dollar deal"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t use a hyphen between words that could be better written as one word: it’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waterfowl"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not water"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"-fowl. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Always "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"check the Macquarie Dictionary"}]},{"type":"text","content":" if unsure. But no hyphen after adverbs ending in –"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ly"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or very: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a highly respected lawyer"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Compound adjectives take a hyphen when they precede nouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"middle-aged women, an eight-hour search"}]},{"type":"text","content":". If you’re unsure whether your compound takes a hyphen, try each modifier against the phrasal head. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Big red car "}]},{"type":"text","content":"doesn’t need a hyphen — you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"big car"}]},{"type":"text","content":", and you can have a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"red car"}]},{"type":"text","content":". On the other hand, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"old-growth forests "}]},{"type":"text","content":"needs a hyphen. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Old forests"}]},{"type":"text","content":" make sense, but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"growth forests "}]},{"type":"text","content":"does not."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ellipses, ellipsis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use an ellipsis to show that you’ve removed words from a quote: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“But I really wanted him to know, I mean I wanted him to know that he was wrong.” "}]},{"type":"text","content":"becomes "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I really wanted him to know … he was wrong.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Put a space either side of an ellipsis. To create: hold down the Alt key and press 0133 on your keyboard’s number pad. This creates an unbreakable ellipsis, which means you won’t end up with some full stops on one line and the rest on another line. It’s also only a single character, too, so it’s handy for Twitter."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"semicolon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Semicolons serve two purposes: linking independent clauses, and clarifying items in a series. When linking independent clauses, the semicolon often serves a similar function to the coordinating conjunctions "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"and"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but"}]},{"type":"text","content":", or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"for"}]},{"type":"text","content":". It has a degree of obstruence greater than a comma but less than a full stop: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"My sister loves mussels; her husband hates them."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quotation marks, quotes"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Only use single quotation marks for quotes in headlines and subheads: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"‘Win for democracy’ as NSW government backflips to release secret documents. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Use double quotation marks for quotes in text: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“Look at the beauty!” Mr Palta said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For quotes within quotes, alternate between double and single quotation marks. If both quoted elements end at the same time, group punctuation together: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“I told her, ‘I know who you really are.’”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nicknames, irony, and unfamiliar terms all take double quotes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andrew “Twiggy” Forest"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the “debate” turned into a free-for-all"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the government’s new “medihotels” will be privately built and operated"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be aware: irony and unfamiliar terms may be mistaken for quoted material. Write around this if necessary."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Where quotes run over several lines, begin each with a double quotation mark. Don’t use using closing quotes until the end of the excerpted speech:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“At this stage we don’t believe the containers themselves pose a threat to the whales themselves."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"“[There have been] no reports of any injury to wildlife or marine life, no strikes of any vessels at this stage.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"puns"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The occasional and judicious use of puns can brighten up our writing. But it is easy to overdo."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Q"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Qantas"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"QC, KC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use without comma for postnominals:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Stuart Littlemore QC, KC"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queen’s Birthday honours list"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Queensland, Qld"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abbreviation is Qld, not QLD"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Question Time"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"queue, queueing OR queuing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"both spellings are acceptable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine, isolation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some medical authorities maintain a distinction between these terms. In this view, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"isolation "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means separating the infected from the healthy, and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"means removing the healthy from the general public to monitor the development of symptoms. Where relevant (e.g. contrasting global public health approaches, explaining health directives), note the difference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R U OK? Day"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note spacing and capital letters."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"R\u0026B"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"RnB"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"radiographer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Takes x-rays … a radiologist interprets them afterwards"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"raft"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Raft"}]},{"type":"text","content":" has become a popular way to describe a big collection of things, like ‘a raft of awards’, but it has a subtly ironic tone. Therefore ‘…following a raft of attacks on Indian students’ was a questionable choice of words. Avoid this cliche."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rain event"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Meteorological jargon, best avoided in place of more prosaic substitutes e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rain"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rainfall"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"raze"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care when using on radio or TV: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the building was razed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" sounds the same as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the building was raised"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"recreational drugs, party drugs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the terms "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"recreational drugs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"party drugs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"outside of quotes. Better still, be specific: name the drug. Is it cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reason because, reason why"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Redundancies. Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reconciled"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Reconcile to an idea or a cause, but reconcile with another person: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"days before his execution, he was reconciled to the idea of death"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"John reconciled with Ahmed after their argument."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"reform, reforms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of this term’s positive connotations when it comes to contentious subjects: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tax reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"industrial relations reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"abortion law reform"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Consider a neutral alternative: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"change"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"overhaul"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Or remove altogether: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The government has put tax reform on the agenda "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can easily become "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The government has put tax on the agenda. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Also be aware of associated cliches: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sweeping reforms"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" tranche of reforms"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" raft of measures"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"refute"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It means “to prove something (a statement, theory, a charge) false or incorrect”. It does not mean “denied”, “rejected”, “disagreed with”, “dismissed”, “ridiculed” or “repudiated”. If we use “refute”, we are effectively accepting and endorsing one side of an argument."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"right wing, the right, right-wing politician, rightwinger, the Labor Party’s Right faction"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note capitalisation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roll over"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The term implies a certain motivation for the witness’s action, and may even suggest guilt. Be careful using it."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"roller-coaster, emotional roller-coaster"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the hyphens, avoid the cliche."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round-up, round up"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We bring you a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round-up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(noun) of the news. We "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"round up "}]},{"type":"text","content":"(verb) the news to bring you this round-up."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Royal Australian Air Force"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Australian Air Force (RAAF)."}]},{"type":"text","content":" In second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the RAAF, the Air Force."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"royal commissions, royal commissioners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use capitals when referring to the commission’s full name in the first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In subsequent references: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the royal commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. If you’re using a shortened version of the name use lowercase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the royal commission into child sexual abuse"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Plural forms should also be lowercase: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"multiple royal commissions"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Royal commission heads take ordinary honorifics (not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Judge "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Justice"}]},{"type":"text","content":") and their job title is lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Hayne took issue with Ms Perkovic’s non-answer"}]},{"type":"text","content":" … "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the commissioner said."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Russian roulette"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"First word only is capitalised."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"S\u0026P 500"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saccharin, saccharine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saccharin "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in reference to the artificial sweetener. But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"saccharine "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for the adjective meaning ‘of a sugary sweetness’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sahara"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arabic word meaning desert, so no need for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sahara desert."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"said"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred over added, commented, stated etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saint, St"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in full for a saint’s name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Saint Joan of Arc"}]},{"type":"text","content":". For placenames, abbreviate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"St Stephen’s Cathedral. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Note: no full stop."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"same, similar"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The words “same” and “similar” are similar but not the same. They are sometimes treated as if they are synonymous: “There were six people killed in Western Australia and a similar number in Queensland.” If six were killed in Queensland, then it’s the “same” as the number killed in Western Australia."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"same-sex marriage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred in most contexts to alternatives "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gay marriage "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"marriage equality"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Samoa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly Western Samoa. Not to be confused with American Samoa."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"SAS"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Special forces regiment of the Australian Army. Technically it is the Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) but more commonly known as SAS, so we stick with that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Scandinavia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sweden, Denmark and Norway … not Finland or Iceland. If you add Finland and Iceland to the Scandinavian countries, you are talking about the Nordic countries."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sceptic, sceptical"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note: the Australian Skeptics Association, and similar state-based organisations, retain the American spelling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"schizophrenia, schizophrenic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid using the word in colloquial or figurative senses. It can be distressing to those living with this illness, and their families."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"scientific names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Biological names take italics. Upper case genus, lower case species: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Homo sapiens"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tyrannosaurus rex."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sea Shepherd"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The conservation group is called Sea Shepherd. They use various vessels in their anti-whaling activities, including the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Steve Irwin"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"seas, oceans"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sea "}]},{"type":"text","content":"refers to any of the salt waters that cover the Earth. Upper case when being specific: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Black Sea"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Pacific Ocean"}]},{"type":"text","content":" etc. By contrast, ocean refers solely to the vast body of salt water that covers three-quarters of the Earth, and is divided up into five constituent parts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Atlantic"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pacific"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Indian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Arctic"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Antarctic"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"secondary, second"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a secondary infection (like an ear infection following on from the primary infection of a cold), secondary education (following on from primary education). But a second heart attack, a second cold (suffering the same illness again)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"secretary-general"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Also director-general, vice-chancellor, vice-president — all take a hyphen."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"self-isolation, social distancing, physical distancing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"These terms are often used interchangeably to refer to measures designed to slow the spread of viral transmission. Where relevant, explain what is meant by each (see note at "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"quarantine, isolation"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senate, House of Representatives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"September 11"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"9/11 is also acceptable"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"set to"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If something is going to happen, “will” is better. Often the “set” can also be removed, especially in headlines. So: g"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"overnment set to release budget "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in a headline could simply become "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Government to release budget. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The following story would then simply say “The Government "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"will "}]},{"type":"text","content":"release…”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sewage, sewerage"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sewage is the raw material that may be carried by pipes and treated in plants which together are called sewerage systems. So it’s a sewage treatment plant but a sewerage system."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sex change, sex change operation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid. Some alternatives: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sex reassignment surgery"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender confirmation surgery"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In general, avoid emphasising the role of surgery in the gender transition process. See "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"gender transition"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Al Shabaab"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"African terrorism group. Not Shebab."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Minister, Shadow Ministers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While not an official title, Shadow Minister is a common term and is almost always used for certain roles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Attorney General"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shadow Treasurer."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shark attack"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"An imprecise and potentially misleading term, best used to describe serious or fatal shark bites. For less serious interactions, consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"shark sighting"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Shen Neng 1"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not Shen Neng One. The Chinese coal-carrier that ran aground off Rockhampton uses the numeral in its name, not the word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ships"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Military vessels of any nation take this form: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"HMAS Adelaide"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"USS Kitty Hawk"}]},{"type":"text","content":". HMAS stands for Her Majesty’s Australian Ship so you do not need to put "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" before the vessel’s name. Refer to ships, aircraft, and other vehicles with neuter, not female, pronouns: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Ever Given didn’t look like it was going anywhere"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"simplistic"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This word is not a fancy synonym for “simple”. It means oversimplified. Be careful how you use it because it has negative connotations. There’s a big difference between a simple explanation and a simplistic explanation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"singular, plural"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Take care your copy does not mix up singulars and plurals. General points:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"ul","props":{"type":"unordered"},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A singular subject takes a singular verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the murderer was sentenced to 46 years."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Plural subjects take a plural verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"women have 42 per cent less superannuation at retirement."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Two linked singular subjects generally require a plural verb: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lano and Woodley are reuniting."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"li","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Groups, communities and governments are generally singular, unless they have a plural name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Coalition is"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"maintaining its tough stance on border protection, the Brisbane Bullets are maintaining their lead."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Some collective nouns may be used with singular or plural verbs depending on what best suits the situation. 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Should be capped."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"subcontinent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"submarine"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Submarines cannot be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"grounded"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"subsequent"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Watch out for tautologies like this one: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Since the subsequent crackdown that followed, signs of dissent and street demonstrations are a rarity."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sudoku"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Note the capital S."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffer"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cars, buildings and other inanimate objects don’t feel pain. They have been "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"damaged"}]},{"type":"text","content":", they have not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffered damage"}]},{"type":"text","content":". People can be hurt or injured, but do not let them "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"sustain injuries"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suffer from, suffers from"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, avoid in reference to diseases or disorders e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she suffers from depression"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The phrase can cause undue offence and take up valuable time in broadcast copy. Besides, what’s wrong with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"has"}]},{"type":"text","content":"?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"suicide, commit suicide"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid the phrase "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"committed suicide. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Other terms are readily available: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"killed himself"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"took their own life"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc. Advice on how to report on suicides, the language to use and the amount of detail that is justified depending on the circumstances can all be found in the ABC’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/guidance/suicide-and-self-harm/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"guidance note"}]},{"type":"text","content":" on the subject."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summonsed, summoned"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summonsed"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to appear in court, but you would be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"summoned"}]},{"type":"text","content":" to the boss’s office."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Sun, the Moon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in astronomical reference to the star at the centre of our Solar System, or to our planet’s only natural satellite: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the closest photos ever taken of the Sun’s surface"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Moon’s first 4G network"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case in reference to other suns or moons, or in general reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"she’s over the moon"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the sun slowly set"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"superlatives"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Careful with these: as soon as you report that something is the biggest or the worst, it’s likely someone will come along to claim otherwise. Avoid using words you think add impact where they are unjustified or unnecessary. Here’s a handy list: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unique, unmatched, unprecedented, sole, exceptional, only, greatest, largest, fastest, heaviest, longest, smallest, record, slowest, tallest, matchless, exclusive, least, most, inimitable, irreplaceable."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"swear words, coarse language, slurs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Per the ABC’s "},{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"https://edpols.abc.net.au/policies/7-harm-and-offence/"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"editorial standards"}]},{"type":"text","content":", content that is likely to harm or offend must be justified by the context in which it appears. If coarse language is likely to cause harm or offence, language warnings must generally be provided. Use common sense: isolated swearing in a lengthy news feature, for example, would generally be less likely to cause offence than that same coarse language used in children’s programming."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use asterisks to blur out harsh language in any public-facing fields such as titles and teaser titles: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t F*** With Cats raises uncomfortable questions, victim tells court ‘no means f***ing no’"}]},{"type":"text","content":". In body copy, either asterisk out any coarse language or provide a language warning as needed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"symbols"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid using symbols (such as @ and \u0026) unless they’re a recognised part of a trademark or title."}]}]}},"title":"P-S","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103771568"},{"preparedTeaserText":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"T"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, Republic of China"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwanese "}]},{"type":"text","content":"when referring to the government based on the island or to people from the island: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Xi had Taiwan on his mind"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwanese voters head to the mid-terms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese Taipei "}]},{"type":"text","content":"to refer to the official name of a Taiwanese delegation, usually in sporting contexts: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Chinese Taipei was one of just three Asian teams to qualify"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use the official name where precision requires it: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taiwan’s presidential office said the Republic of China — the island’s official name — was a sovereign and independent country."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tarin Kot"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The capital of Uruzgan (also written ‘Oruzgan’) province in southern Afghanistan. The town where Australian troops were based. The ADF changed the spelling to Tarin Kot in 2011, and this is now recommended for ABC use."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"taser"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taser is an acronym for Thomas A Swift’s Electric Rifle, but as its usage has become more common, a capital T is no longer required. Also, t"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"aser, tasered, tasering "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the preferred verb form (over "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tase"}]},{"type":"text","content":")."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmania"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"When abbreviating: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tas. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"The hypocorism "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tassie "}]},{"type":"text","content":"should be avoided in most formal settings."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tautology"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Means saying the same thing twice using different words: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"closing the case means it won’t be re-examined again. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Either "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"re-examined"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"examined again. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not both."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tea-tree"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"but teacup, teabag, teapot, teaspoon"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"temperature"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case and spelled out in first reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34 degrees Celsius. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Thereafter, number and upper case C, no space: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"34C"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Temperatures are "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"high "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"low"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The weather, or climate more generally, is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"hot"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"cold"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenet"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nothing to do with tenants, please."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenpin bowling"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tenpin is one word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Writing for online"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In news articles, your teaser text and short teaser text should be in present tense. The first paragraph should also be in an active tense. The rest of the story should be in the past tense, unless specifically referencing ongoing or future events."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Whatever tense you are using, ensure you are consistent. If you start in the past tense, continue in the past tense. Avoid the following:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The businessman "},{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"announced"}]},{"type":"text","content":" plans to re-enter the political arena and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"says"}]},{"type":"text","content":" he will consider running against the MP for Herbert"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If you are writing a personal essay or a feature, the present tense is fine. But again, be consistent within sentences."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For radio news and other broadcast"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In some broadcast formats (notably radio news) the preferred style is to use the present tense for stories."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, says he does not know when the budget will be announced"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mr Turnbull says he is waiting to hear from the treasurer"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"That doesn’t mean we avoid the past tense, which is useful when referring to — shock horror — actions that have taken place in the past but at worth mentioning in a current story."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"At a conference in Canberra, Mr Turnbull said Australia and Malaysia “are becoming better friends.”"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Keep tenses the same within the same sentence:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She says she is happy with the outcome "}]},{"type":"text","content":"not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"She says she was happy with the outcome."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Here’s a few more tips: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"led"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the past tense of the verb lead: Phrases like "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he lead the team to victory"}]},{"type":"text","content":" appear all too often."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tenterhooks"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"on tenterhooks"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (not tender hooks)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The origin of the word comes from the 14th century, when cloth makers would use hooks to stretch out cloth on a frame called a ‘tenter’. Bet you didn’t know that."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"territory, territories"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No capital except when referring to specific formal locations: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Northern Territory"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Capital Territory, the Australian Antarctic Territory"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Test"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case when talking about sporting matches in cricket, rugby, netball and other sports: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the first Test between Australia and England"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Bradman retired with a Test average of 99.94"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"That "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is optional in many contexts in English, but don’t omit it if it sacrifices clarity for brevity, as in this example:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Liberian Health Minister Carmen Jones says 300 civilians have been killed in intense fighting in the capital, warning the health services in Monrovia need urgent attention."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"At first glance, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the health services"}]},{"type":"text","content":" appears to be the direct object of the verb "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warning "}]},{"type":"text","content":"— that is, Ms Jones issued a warning to the health services."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In this case, putting "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"that"}]},{"type":"text","content":" after "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warning"}]},{"type":"text","content":" would have made the meaning immediately clear."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the, The"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The definite article takes a capital when it is part of an official title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Science Show"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Not all organisations include "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in their title and, as such, don’t take a capital letter: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian Symphony Orchestra"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Sydney Writers’ Festival"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s, there is, there are"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In informal speech, using "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s "}]},{"type":"text","content":"with a plural referent is common and acceptable: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"there’s lots of flowering gums out at the moment"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid this use in more formal contexts, including news copy: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There have been reports of looting."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thermos"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a trademark for a particular brand of vacuum flask, but so commonly used as a generic term these days that there is no longer any need to capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"they"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"using ‘they’ to avoid s/he or ‘he or she’ in gender-sensitive writing is accepted, even when you’re referring to one person."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thin end of the wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"not thin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"edge"}]},{"type":"text","content":" of the wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"think tank"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"no hyphen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Third World"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Traditionally (since the 1950’s) this has referred to developing countries collectively, especially in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. However, this term has increasingly been seen by many as derogatory, and even its replacement ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing countries or nations) "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is not without some baggage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Less contentious alternatives can include "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"developing economies"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"low or lower income countries"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or, less commonly, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"lean economies"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thirtysomething, twentysomething"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, but 30-something, 40-something hyphenated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thousands"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"news feeds traditionally spell out thousand numbers as ’30 thousand’ for extra clarity. This is useful for a radio script but should be re-written for online publication as 30,000."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"throes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"…the Obama administration is in the final throes of deciding… not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"throws"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tidal wave, tsunami"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tidal wave"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a large wave caused by the combination of floods and high tides etc, usually caused by a hurricane or cyclone. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tsunami"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a large sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. Both expressions can be used figuratively to refer to an overwhelmingly widespread or powerful movement or reaction."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (general)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Most people get courtesy titles (Mr, Ms, Mrs, Dr, etc) in news stories. Exceptions to this are: athletes, entertainers, minors, obituary subjects, historical figures, chefs, models, journalists, spies, artists, musicians, filmmakers, anyone found guilty of a crime, anyone who pleads guilty to a crime, and terrorists. Courtesy titles never take a full stop."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In first reference, use the person’s first name and surname without a title"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":". "}]},{"type":"text","content":"On subsequent reference, use the courtesy title and their surname: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Investment banker Harriet Morgan previously led investment missions to Spain. Ms Morgan said. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Unless someone specifically asks to be called "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Miss"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mrs,"}]},{"type":"text","content":" our style is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ms"}]},{"type":"text","content":". (Though use common sense: if the subject of your story is a grandmother celebrating a diamond wedding anniversary, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mrs "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a safe bet.)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Do not use courtesy titles in less formal types of coverage, including features and analysis. If omitting a courtesy title runs counter to the overall tone of a story (e.g. an athlete charged before a court), leave the title in. Some people use gender-neutral or non-binary courtesy titles, such as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mx."}]},{"type":"text","content":" Follow a person’s wish in using these titles, though in some instances it may be necessary to explain them to your audience."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (government)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Generally, politicians take get their full title on first reference, with courtesy titles for subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Prime Minister Anthony Albanese today announced… Mr Albanese said. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Senators have their own courtesy title to use on subsequent reference:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Greens senator Lidia Thorpe today announced… Senator Thorpe said"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The same principle holds for local government: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore today announced"}]},{"type":"text","content":"… "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cr Moore said"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (medical and academic)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Name and position description on first reference, courtesy title and surname on second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Andrew Jones is a general practitioner in Blackwater. Dr Jones says the town is worried about coronavirus"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Upper case "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"professor"}]},{"type":"text","content":" when used as a courtesy title, but not when it isn’t: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UNSW economics professor David Miller said … Professor Miller explained"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Don’t abbreviate "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Professor"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Associate and adjunct professorships do not confer the titles Professor or Associate Professor. Where possible, check the talent’s qualifications and use Dr if they have a relevant PhD."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Honorary doctorates do not usually confer the Dr title. A rule of thumb: if someone’s academic or medical status has no bearing on a story, they probably don’t need the courtesy title: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Through his Minderoo Foundation, Mr Forrest said he would provide $10 million to build a volunteer army of more than 1,200 people"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (law enforcement)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use title and full name in first reference:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Assistant Commissioner Kerry Andrews"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Title and surname in second and subsequent: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Assistant Commissioner Andrews. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Police titles do not get abbreviated (e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Det, Sgt"}]},{"type":"text","content":"). Avoid repeating wordy titles. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Detective "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a designation, not a rank, so "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Detective Sergeant Mick Jones "}]},{"type":"text","content":"can be "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sergeant Jones "}]},{"type":"text","content":"on second reference. But use caution: referring to a "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Senior Sergeant "}]},{"type":"text","content":"as "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sergeant "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a demotion. Law enforcement ranks, and their progression, vary by state and territory. If in doubt, check with the relevant police force."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (military)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case military ranks only when they precede a name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lieutenant General John Frewen today announced…"}]},{"type":"text","content":" "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"General Frewen said"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Lower case at other times: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Air Vice-Marshal Meredith today announced… the vice-marshal said… air vice-marshal is one of the highest active ranks of the Royal Australian Air Force"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"titles (orders of merit)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Title and full name on first reference, title and first name subsequently: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Sir David Attenborough… Sir David"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Note that titles of this type are not required in sport or entertainment stories: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"McCartney has said he wanted to continue performing with the Beatles, Verstappen overtook Hamilton on the last lap of the race."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"toe the line"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"To behave according to the rules. Avoid: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tow the line"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"ton, tonne"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"imperial unit of mass (ton) approximately 1016 kilograms; metric unit of mass (tonne) 1000 kilograms. There are adjustments to do with long or short tons in shipping but for general use, ton and tonne are very close."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Increasingly interchangeable in common usage, but strictly speaking the old imperial ton is pronounced ‘tun’ while the metric tonne is pronounced ‘ton’. For general colloquial references (there are a ton of things to do) the preferred pronunciation is ‘tun’."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"top-level, high-level"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Don’t overdo them. Speaking in the same bulletin of “top-level Middle East talks” and “top-level talks over the future of Cottesloe Beach” will strike some listeners as silly."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tort, torte"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tort "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is legal term referring to a civil injury rather than a criminal wrong. A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"torte"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is a cake, usually a highly decorated one."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"traditional owners"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trans woman, trans man"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While in use, these terms may require a degree of explanation for audiences. Consider unabbreviated forms where appropriate: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender women"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender men"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transcripts"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Provide an accurate transcript of interview grabs and voice reports. Producers need transcripts to sub a new version of a story and make editorial assessments when compiling bulletins. Online requires transcripts to prepare its stories, including to obtain direct quotes. “In” and “out” words are sufficient if a story is being prepared close to bulletin time, but it is the reporter’s responsibility to get the transcript into iNews as soon as possible. Voice-reports filed from the field must also be transcribed – radio producers and assignment editors are responsible for vetting voice reports to ensure transcripts are completed."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use as an adjective when relevant to a story: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ricki Coughlan was one of the first out transgender women in Australian sport. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Do not use as a noun. Fine to abbreviate in subsequent reference, headlines, or less formal pieces: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Perth has a strong trans men culture"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transsexual"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"While still preferred by some individuals, do not use the former as an umbrella term or in place of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"transgender"}]},{"type":"text","content":". See the entry "},{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"LGBT"}]},{"type":"text","content":" for more information."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple-A"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not AAA"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"triple-0"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Written style for the emergency phone number."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"troop"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In its general meaning as an assemblage of persons or things it can be used as a singular noun, but in military usage it is far more common and accepted to use it in the plural: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian troops"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trouper, trooper"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trouper"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is an actor in a theatrical troupe or someone who shows great devotion to duty. Hence the expression: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"what a trouper"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A trooper is a soldier, responsible for a different expression: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"strong","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"swear like a trooper."}]}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trucker, truckie"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The former is an Americanism, best avoided in Australian stories. The latter is a colloquial shortening of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"truck driver"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Türkiye, Turkey"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"As of May 2022, the country’s official English name is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Türkiye"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Preference that spelling wherever possible. It may be necessary to explain the change."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"turnaround"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, as in ‘signs of a turnaround’"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"turnover, turn over"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The team racked up 20 turnovers"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (noun), but "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he has promised to turn over a new leaf"}]},{"type":"text","content":" (verb)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twenty20 cricket"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"type 1, type 2"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to diabetes."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twitter"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case for the company and social network: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Twitter"}]},{"type":"text","content":". But lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tweets"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tweeting, tweeted, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"etc"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"tyre"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"(American spelling is tire)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"U"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ukraine, Ukrainian names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"For the country: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ukraine"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Ukraine"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Use Ukrainian romanisations for place names from that country: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Kyiv"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lviv"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Odesa"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Officially gazetted as Uluru / Ayers Rock, though fine to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uluru "}]},{"type":"text","content":"in all references. Avoid "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Ayer’s Rock "}]},{"type":"text","content":"unless in the context of specific historical reference."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uncharted, unchartered"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Be aware of the difference. One is a metaphor for anything new, untried or unfamiliar: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uncharted waters"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Unchartered waters"}]},{"type":"text","content":", by contrast, means a place your charter plane can’t reach. Avoid."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uneducated"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Considered pejorative when when referring to individuals. Consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"no formal education."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UNESCO"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"uninterested"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Having or showing no feeling of interest; indifferent; not synonymous with "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"disinterested"}]},{"type":"text","content":", which means unbiased by personal involvement or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unions"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out the full name in the first reference, with the acronym in brackets, then just use the acronym: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Our style is to drop possessive apostrophes: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Workers Union."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"union bosses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Considered by many to be politically loaded and too colloquial. Consider "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"union leader"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations, UN"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Write out in full in first reference. The abbreviated form, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN"}]},{"type":"text","content":", can be used in headlines. Hyphens and lower case: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN secretary-general. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN General Assembly "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UN Security Council"}]},{"type":"text","content":" takes capitals and aren’t hyphenated. The UNHCR is the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees"}]},{"type":"text","content":", not the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"High Commission"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"United States"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"It is acceptable to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the US"}]},{"type":"text","content":". The abbreviation of United States, is either "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"US"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"USA"}]},{"type":"text","content":". "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"America"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is also acceptable but think about context — "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Americas "}]},{"type":"text","content":"also include South America, Central America, Canada etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"universities"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap the full name but lower case in second reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"I attended the Queensland University of Technology. The university employed great lecturers"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unprecedented"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Avoid as a general descriptor, especially in relation to extreme weather e.g. "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Tasmania’s unprecedented fires"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"unprecedented flooding in Townsville"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Be specific, tell the audience what is unprecedented: is it the size? The number of fires?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"upper house, lower house"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user-generated content, UGC"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets, then abbreviate in subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user-generated content (UGC)"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UX, UI"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Abbreviated forms of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user experience "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"user interface"}]},{"type":"text","content":". A bit jargon-y, but if you must use, spell out in first reference with abbreviation in brackets."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uyghur"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Preferred spelling for the Turkic ethnic group. Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Uighur, Uygur, Uighuir, Uiguir, Uigur, Weiwuer"}]},{"type":"text","content":", etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"V"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vale"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often used in the Latin sense — meaning goodbye or farewell — after the death of a prominent figure."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"If that’s the sense you mean, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"VAH-lay "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is the appropriate (and, in broadcast, least ambiguous) pronunciation."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Valium"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vapour"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"But "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vaporise"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vaseline"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"versus, vs"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Australia vs Germany, Labor vs Liberal, etc."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Viagra"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Cap. It is a trademark of a drug, sildenafil citrate, used to treat sexual impotence"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Vietnamese names"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Often consist of two to four parts. Generally, the family name comes first, then the middle name, then the given name: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Nguyễn Phú Trọng"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Because there are relatively few Vietnamese surnames, given names are conventionally used in second and subsequent reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Trần Nguyệt Linh … Ms Linh"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-chancellor"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-president, vice-regent, vice-chair"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice-regal representative"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The word “vice-regal” means “of or relating to a governor or governor-general”. It is an adjective, which means that it should be used to modify a noun (such as “representative”). In stories it shouldn’t be used as a noun because it can sound too casual or even dismissive. Instead of “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal”, say “they’ve just appointed a new vice-regal representative.”"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We often and wrongly refer to the Governor-General as Australia’s “Head of State”. The Governor-General is not the Head of State, but the Queen’s representative in Australia. Since Australia is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is considered the Head of State. The plural of governor-general is governors-general."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vice versa"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"visa versa"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vie, vying"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"vis-a-vis"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"volcano, volcanos OR volcanoes"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"either form of the plural is technically correct, but ‘volcanoes’ is the more familiar, the more often used and the clearer indication of pronunciation, so it is also our preferred form."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"W"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waiver, waver"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waiver "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is an intentional relinquishment of some right or interest (or, commonly, a document of same). To "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"waver"}]},{"type":"text","content":" means to move unsteadily back and forth, or to exhibit indecision"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage war"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The accepted phrase is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage war"}]},{"type":"text","content":" and other constructs ("},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wage battle"}]},{"type":"text","content":") can sound awkward."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"warnings"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"There may be occasions when, for valid editorial reasons, we will broadcast material – words, sounds or images – that will disturb, distress or offend some people. Warnings should be broadcast immediately before the relevant program or program segment."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The style is: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The following story contains disturbing/distressing images"}]},{"type":"text","content":"; "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The following story contains language/images which may offend some viewers/listeners"}]},{"type":"text","content":"” (acknowledges that matters of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"span","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"taste"}]},{"type":"text","content":" are more subjective)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wars"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capped, Roman numerals: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World War I, World War II, World War III"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Avoid abbreviated forms unless you need them in space constrained environs (e.g. online news headlines)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"weather"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Temperatures"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Round off temperatures to the nearest whole degree. Few people can tell the difference between a fraction of a degree and these fractions add no value to our audience. One exception is if a location is very near to setting a temperature record."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Glossary of weather terms"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The Bureau of Meteorology Website provides comprehensive information about weather, climate, forecasts and its operations."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"a","props":{"href":"http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/glossary/apagegl.shtml"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"website addresses"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In broadcast, there is generally no need to say "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"W W W"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or preface information about websites with any further explanation. All that is needed is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"online at abc.net.au"}]},{"type":"text","content":" or similar."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wedge"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"thin "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"end "}]},{"type":"text","content":"of the wedge, not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"edge"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Weight Watchers"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"trademark, so capitalise"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"well known, better known, best known"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"he’s well known for his wit, better known for his temper but best known for his flower arranging. We sometimes write ‘most well known’, which is not the best usage."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wellbeing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"one word, no hyphen"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"west, the West"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Upper case in referring to countries, regions, or institutions: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the"}]},{"type":"text","content":" West,"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Western Sydney. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"Lower case for the cardinal direction or generic reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the MP faces a contest in the marginal seat of Hindmarsh in western Adelaide"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Jerusalem"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"We also cap East Jerusalem."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australia"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"In reference to the name of the state. Do not call the state "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"West Australia"}]},{"type":"text","content":". To refer to someone from this state: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a West Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"a Western Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Adjectival reference: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the Western Australia coast"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian coast. "}]},{"type":"text","content":"But not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Western Australian coast"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Exceptions for company names, as in "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian Ballet "}]},{"type":"text","content":"or "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the West Australian"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wet market"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A market selling fresh meat, fish, or produce. Avoid outside of quotes. 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Compare the following:"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the dagger that he had seen earlier was covered in blood"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the dagger, which he had seen earlier, was covered in blood"}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"The difference is often easier to spot in print, as non-restrictive clauses tend to be offset by parenthetical commas."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"while"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"whilst"}]},{"type":"text","content":", in everyday writing"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"whip"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Lower case. 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Despite this orthodoxy, "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"who "}]},{"type":"text","content":"has been reliably appearing in places where we should logically expect to see "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"whom "}]},{"type":"text","content":"for centuries, including some Shakespeare. Some usage guides advocate for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"who "}]},{"type":"text","content":"even in places where "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"whom "}]},{"type":"text","content":"should appear, arguing the latter can come across as “stilted” or “super-formal”. This would suggest that the decision to use "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"whom "}]},{"type":"text","content":"is a matter of formality, rather than correctness. 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Just don’t write it online."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"woman, female"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Use female as an adjective:"},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" Gina Haspel is the CIA’s first female director. ("}]},{"type":"text","content":"Not "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"first woman director"}]},{"type":"text","content":".) Where gender isn’t relevant to the story, it needn’t be mentioned."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"working class"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"No hyphen when used as a noun: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the working class"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Hyphen when used as an adjective: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"from a working-class family"}]},{"type":"text","content":". Can be viewed as pejorative, so take care. The Jimmy Barnes song is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Working Class Man"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"worse, worst"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Remember the scale of badness: bad, worse (comparative), worst (superlative). The headline ‘Pakistan’s children worse hit by floods’ is wrong. Here we need the superlative: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Pakistan’s children worst hit by floods"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wounded, injured"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A soldier is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wounded"}]},{"type":"text","content":" if they are hurt in battle. A soldier is "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"injured"}]},{"type":"text","content":" if they’re hurt in an accident (even if on the way to an operation)."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wrack or rack?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mostly uncontroversial outside idiomatic use. While the Macquarie lists both "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"wrack and ruin "}]},{"type":"text","content":"and "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"rack and ruin"}]},{"type":"text","content":", the latter tends to be more popular given its orthographic alliteration. 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It was originally known as the "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"World Wildlife Fund"}]},{"type":"text","content":", but in 1986 it was changed to highlight the full scope of its work. 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But upper case for "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Year 12 Certificate"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"yesterday"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"With foreign stories for broadcast, make clear which today or yesterday you mean: theirs or ours?"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"you’re, your"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"You’re"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the contraction of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"you are."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Your"}]},{"type":"text","content":" is the possessive form of "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"you"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"YouGov"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"UK opinion poll."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"YouTube"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Capital Y and capital T, all one word."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h1","props":{"tagname":"h1"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Z"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Zedong, Mao"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Formerly "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Mao Tse Tung, "}]},{"type":"text","content":"this is now the preferred spelling."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zero"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zeros (plural)"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zeugma"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"A general term for a literary device in which a word (usually a verb) is made to relate to other words (usually nouns or adjectives). Common enough in literature, a recent unintended example found its way into a news bulletin: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"the assault was distressing for Mr Dabousi, who suffers from dementia as well as his family."}]}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zhoosh"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Slang loosely meaning to make yourself look fabulous: "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zhoosh your hair"}]},{"type":"text","content":","},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":" zhoosh yourself up"}]},{"type":"text","content":"."}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zigzag"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"One word"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"h2","props":{"tagname":"h2"},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zoo"}]},{"type":"tagname","key":"p","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"Taronga Zoo"}]},{"type":"text","content":", "},{"type":"tagname","key":"em","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"zoo"}]},{"type":"text","content":" in second reference."}]}]}},"title":"T-Z","uri":"coremedia://teaser/103771570"}],"contentUri":"coremedia://collection/103710646","canonicalURI":"/about/style-guide/103710646","sectionHeaderPrepared":{"heading":"The ABC Style Guide","dataUri":"coremedia://collection/103710646","richTextDescription":{"descriptor":{"type":"tagname","key":"div","props":{},"children":[{"type":"tagname","key":"@@standfirst","props":{},"children":[{"type":"text","content":"This guide is intended for anyone who writes or edits ABC content. 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