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</script><link rel="icon" href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-arthur4.png?w=32" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-arthur4.png?w=192" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-arthur4.png?w=180" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-arthur4.png?w=270" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-30 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive customizer-styles-applied singular has-main-navigation jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header header_classes has-title-and-tagline has-menu" role="banner"> <div class="site-branding"> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/" rel="home">Cryptography & Payments</a></p> <p class="site-description"> Arthur Van Der Merwe </p> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="primary-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Main"> <button id="primary-close-menu" class="button close"> <span class="dropdown-icon close">Close <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 10.9394L5.53033 4.46973L4.46967 5.53039L10.9393 12.0001L4.46967 18.4697L5.53033 19.5304L12 13.0607L18.4697 19.5304L19.5303 18.4697L13.0607 12.0001L19.5303 5.53039L18.4697 4.46973L12 10.9394Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span> <span class="hide-visually collapsed-text">collapsed</span> </button> <div class="primary-menu-container"><ul id="menu-financial-switching-1" class="menu-wrapper"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-239"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/category/hsm/">HSM</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-240"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/category/cryptography-2/">Cryptography</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-241"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/category/financial-switching/">Financial Switching</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-242"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/category/atm-tracing/">ATM Tracing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/downloads/">Downloads</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5"><a href="https://arthurvandermerwe.com/about/">About</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="menu-button-container"> <button id="primary-open-menu" class="button open"> <span class="dropdown-icon open">Menu <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.5 6H19.5V7.5H4.5V6ZM4.5 12H19.5V13.5H4.5V12ZM19.5 18H4.5V19.5H19.5V18Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span> <span class="hide-visually expanded-text">expanded</span> </button> </div> <div class="menu-button-container"> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-30" class="post-30 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-financial-switching tag-middleware tag-triton entry"> <header class="entry-header default-max-width"> <h1 class="entry-title">Trace your ATM Transactions</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="cs-rating pd-rating" id="pd_rating_holder_7692610_post_30"></div><br/><h3>Introduction</h3> <p>Generally when entrepreneurs decide to become ATM deployers, they do not have sufficient knowledge about ATM protocols and specifications. This is not needed as there are switching providers that can switch their ATM’s transactions and provide them with adequate reporting.</p> <p>Following this approach generally leaves them with a massive gap in terms of managing their terminals and merchants correctly. ATM switching providers have the ability to decode the terminal status messages in real time and determine for example is a terminal has ran out of cash, if hardware is busy failing or even if a processing bank has gone offline.</p> <p>This allows switching providers to have the upper hand over the smaller ATM deployers.</p> <p>In this post I will show you how to develop a middleware where this pro active approach can be followed even with small ATM deployers. You will be able to see live cash levels of your terminals and monitor ATM transactions.</p> <p> </p> <h3>ATM Languages</h3> <p>ATM’s and EFTPOS devices speak different languages and each terminal manufacturer might have their own custom implementation. Terminal developers normally follow a few types of language implementations: Triton / NDC+ / AS2805 / ISO8583. As all of these will run on TCP using some sort of control protocol (VISAII / ACK Controlled) we need to decode the control elements of the protocol as well.</p> <p>I will be using the Standard Triton Protocol over VISAII to demonstrate the ability to trace transactional protocols.</p> <p>Most ATM’s have an TCP/IP setting that will enable you to point the ATM to an IP Address and port. Writing an Server component to listen to this is of course as easy as pie.</p> <h3>Conversion to ASCII</h3> <p>It is an easy approach to write a server application and listen on a post for incoming transactions but we will quickly notice that these message are encoded. This encoding it an easy hurdle (as long as there is no SSL component on the ATM)</p> <h4>StringToAscii Class – The readable encoding</h4> <p>The first class I’m going to create is an class that can convert encoded strings to readable ascii, this need the be based on the control characters specified in your protocol specification.</p> <p>Each Hex encoded string needs to be mapped to the format you require. (<ETX> / <STX>) and a simple function can provide the conversion.</p> <pre>controls_dic = { 0: '<NUL>', 1: '<SOH>', 2: '<STX>', 3: '<ETX>', 4: '<EOT>', 5: '<ENQ>', 6: '<ACK>', 7: '<BEL>', 8: '<BS>' , 9: '<HT>' , 10: '<LF>' , 11: '<VT>' , 12: '<FF>' , 13: '<CR>' , 14: '<SO>' , 15: '<SI>' , 16: '<DLE>', 17: '<DC1>', 18: '<DC2>', 19: '<DC3>', 20: '<DC4>', 21: '<NAK>', 22: '<SYN>', 23: '<ETB>', 24: '<CAN>', 25: '<EM>', 26: '<SUB>', 27: '<ESC>', 28: '<FS>' , 29: '<GS>' , 30: '<RS>' , 31: '<US>' } def Str2Ascii(s): r = '' for c in s: if ord(c) < 32: r = r + controls_dic[ord(c)] elif ord(c) >= 127: r = r + '<%d>' % ord(c) else: r = r + c return r</pre> <p>The reverse conversion is slightly more complex, but in essence its just a reverse function of the above.</p> <pre>reverse_dic5 = { '<NUL>': 0, '<SOH>': 1, '<STX>': 2, '<ETX>': 3, '<EOT>': 4, '<ENQ>': 5, '<ACK>': 6, '<BEL>': 7, '<DLE>': 16, '<DC1>': 17, '<DC2>': 18, '<DC3>': 19, '<DC4>': 20, '<NAK>': 21, '<SYN>': 22, '<ETB>': 23, '<CAN>': 24, '<SUB>': 26, '<ESC>': 27 } reverse_dic4 = { '<BS>' : 8, '<HT>' : 9, '<LF>' : 10, '<VT>' : 11, '<FF>' : 12, '<CR>' : 13, '<SO>' : 14, '<SI>' : 15, '<EM>' : 25, '<FS>' : 28, '<GS>' : 29, '<RS>' : 30, '<US>' : 31 } reverse_dicN = { '<130>':130, '<140>':140, '<150>':150, '<160>':160, '<170>':170, '<180>':180, '<190>':190, '<200>':200, '<210>':210, '<220>':220, '<230>':230, '<240>':240, '<250>':250, '<131>':131, '<141>':141, '<151>':151, '<161>':161, '<171>':171, '<181>':181, '<191>':191, '<201>':201, '<211>':211, '<221>':221, '<231>':231, '<241>':241, '<251>':251, '<132>':132, '<142>':142, '<152>':152, '<162>':162, '<172>':172, '<182>':182, '<192>':192, '<202>':202, '<212>':212, '<222>':222, '<232>':232, '<242>':242, '<252>':252, '<133>':133, '<143>':143, '<153>':153, '<163>':163, '<173>':173, '<183>':183, '<193>':193, '<203>':203, '<213>':213, '<223>':223, '<233>':233, '<243>':243, '<253>':253, '<134>':134, '<144>':144, '<154>':154, '<164>':164, '<174>':174, '<184>':184, '<194>':194, '<204>':204, '<214>':214, '<224>':224, '<234>':234, '<244>':244, '<254>':254, '<135>':135, '<145>':145, '<155>':155, '<165>':165, '<175>':175, '<185>':185, '<195>':195, '<205>':205, '<215>':215, '<225>':225, '<235>':235, '<245>':245, '<255>':255, '<136>':136, '<146>':146, '<156>':156, '<166>':166, '<176>':176, '<186>':186, '<196>':196, '<206>':206, '<216>':216, '<226>':226, '<236>':236, '<246>':246, '<127>' : 127, '<137>':137, '<147>':147, '<157>':157, '<167>':167, '<177>':177, '<187>':187, '<197>':197, '<207>':207, '<217>':217, '<227>':227, '<237>':237, '<247>':247, '<128>' : 128, '<138>':138, '<148>':148, '<158>':158, '<168>':168, '<178>':178, '<188>':188, '<198>':198, '<208>':208, '<218>':218, '<228>':228, '<238>':238, '<248>':248, '<129>' : 129, '<139>':139, '<149>':149, '<159>':159, '<169>':169, '<179>':179, '<189>':189, '<199>':199, '<209>':209, '<219>':219, '<229>':229, '<239>':239, '<249>':249 } def Ascii2Str(s): r = '' i = 0 l = len(s) while i < l: if s[i] == '<': try: x = reverse_dic5[s[i:i+5]] r = r + chr(x) i = i + 5 except KeyError: try: x = reverse_dic4[s[i:i+4]] r = r + chr(x) i = i + 4 except KeyError: try: x = reverse_dicN[s[i:i+5]] r = r + chr(x) i = i + 5 except KeyError: r = r + s[i] i = i + 1 else: r = r + s[i] i = i + 1 return r</pre> <h3></h3> <p>We can now pass a simulated transaction to the function and test the output and see if the class is correctly implemented acceding to the Triton Standard Protocol.</p> <p>Message</p> <pre>message = '05 02 39 56 44 44 39 30 30 32 32 30 30 30 30 30 32 1C 31 31 1C 30 34 30 36 1C 34 32 31 36 34 36 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 38 3D 31 34 31 32 31 30 31 31 31 38 38 35 32 34 39 31 32 33 34 35 1C 30 30 30 30 32 30 30 30 1C 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 1C 38 36 32 37 42 38 36 33 34 37 41 30 33 37 37 35 1C 1C 1C 1C 5E 35 45 36 32 20 44 35 37 37 1C 03 6E '.replace(" ", "").decode("hex")</pre> <p>Result</p> <pre><ENQ><STX>9U00009D <FS>11<FS>0406<FS>4216460000000008=14121011188524912345<FS>00002000<FS>00000000<FS>8627B86347A03775<FS><FS><FS><FS>^5E62 D577<ETX></pre> <p>Reversing this back to an encoded string we just need to pass it to the ASCIIToString Function of course.</p> <h3>Tracing Data</h3> <p>Now that we have all the field from the request from the ATM, the next step is to create a server component that can run and pass this transactional information to our processing party.</p> <p>Creating a Server is not part of this post, but all source code is available in the gitbub repository. But the basic structure should be that you should create a incoming and sending socket, and poll for connections using a daemon thread. Passing ALL information to the processing party, but saving the requests to the database.</p> <p>Port Listening for ATM connections</p> <pre> self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.sock.bind(('', int(listening_port))) self.sock.listen(5)</pre> <p> </p> <p>Port forwarding to Processor with SSL</p> <pre>fwd = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) try: ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(fwd) ssl_sock.settimeout(int(session.destination_timeout)) ssl_sock.connect((session.destination_ip, int(session.destination_port))) ssl_sock.do_handshake() self.log.info('SSL Handshake Completed') self.log.debug('%s: Connected to switch %s:%s' % ( session.SessionUUID, session.destination_ip, session.destination_port,)) except socket.timeout: session.error = "Timeout connecting to switch" self.log.critical('%s: EE Cant Connect to %s:%s : %s' % ( session.SessionUUID, session.destination_ip, session.destination_port, session.error,)) ssl_sock.close() except socket.sslerror: session.error = "SSL Error connecting to TNS" self.log.critical('%s: EE Cant Connect to %s:%s : %s' % ( session.SessionUUID, session.destination_ip, session.destination_port, session.error,)) ssl_sock.close() except: session.error = "Unknown Error connecting to switch" self.log.exception('%s: EE Unknown Error Connecting to %s:%s : %s' % ( session.SessionUUID, session.destination_ip, session.destination_port, session.error,)) ssl_sock.close() else: ssl_sock.settimeout(None) RequestThread(session, newsock, ssl_sock).start() ResponseThread(session, ssl_sock, newsock).start()</pre> <p>When a specific Transaction type is received from the ATM you can dissect the readable ascii and save the request to database, when the corresponding session has a response then you can of course save the response information with the request.</p> <p>In my code example I provide the implementation of request and response saving as based on the Triton Specification. If you are using NDC+ or ISO 8583 then this will dramatically change.</p> <h3>Security</h3> <p>The security aspect of this project should be implemented in the raw socket components (SSL Sockets), if there is a need for SSL certificate validation and ACL’s then it should not be difficult to add this to the required class.</p> <p>PCI DSS require us not to store raw Personal Account numbers in the database so we should in fact use a hash function.</p> <p>A simple method for doing this is the following:</p> <pre>return pan[:6] + ("*" * (len(pan)-10)) + pan[-4:]</pre> <h3>Final Product</h3> <p>The final product is a python implementation of a Transactional Middleware. Allot of changes will be required to make the project work for your environment, but here are basic instructions to make it work for you.</p> <ol> <li>Get a clean Linux installation</li> <li>Install the LAMP Stack</li> <li>run the SQL file in the project</li> <li>copy the project directory to the server</li> <li>app_get all the project dependencies. (pymysql ect.)</li> <li>change the config file to point to your database and your switching provider (Middleware.ini)</li> <li>create a screen session (command: screen -S TransactionServer )</li> <li>start the Server in the screen session (sudo python pyMiddlewareServer foreground)</li> </ol> <p>When starting it up you should see the following:</p> <pre>2014-05-24 17:53:38,177 MyDaemon INFO run() Start 2014-05-24 17:53:38,180 Pinhole INFO Redirecting: localhost:9100 -> xxx.xxx.xxx.xx:xxxxx 2014-05-24 17:53:38,263 QueueLogger INFO Connected to Database <_mysql.connection open to '127.0.0.1' at 100837020> 2014-05-24 17:53:45,704 Pinhole INFO 8850226b-e318-11e3-8a9a-28cfe91efd87: NN New Session from ('127.0.0.1', 49660) 2014-05-24 17:53:45,817 Pinhole INFO SSL Handshake Completed 2014-05-24 17:53:45,832 Request INFO 8850226b-e318-11e3-8a9a-28cfe91efd87: > AtmID=[9VDD90022000002], Type=[Authorization from Cheque Account], Operation=[CW] 2014-05-24 17:53:45,832 Request INFO 8850226b-e318-11e3-8a9a-28cfe91efd87: > PAN=[216460000000008] 2014-05-24 17:53:46,072 Request INFO 8850226b-e318-11e3-8a9a-28cfe91efd87: > AtmID=[9VDD90022000002], Type=[Authorization from Cheque Account], Operation=[CW] 2014-05-24 17:53:46,072 Request INFO 8850226b-e318-11e3-8a9a-28cfe91efd87: > PAN=[216460000000008]</pre> <p>Source code: <a href="https://github.com/Arthurvdmerwe/ATM-Transaction-Trace.git">https://github.com/Arthurvdmerwe/ATM-Transaction-Trace.git</a></p> <span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span><div id="atatags-702045275-6742245538f1a"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-702045275-6742245538f1a', { sectionId: '702045275', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div> <div id="atatags-702045271-6742245538fa0"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-702045271-6742245538fa0', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { 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