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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Heinrich+B%C3%B6ll" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Heinrich+B%C3%B6ll" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Liv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Liv</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liv-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Liv</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ungdoms-_og_krigstid_(1917–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ungdoms-_og_krigstid_(1917–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ungdoms- og krigstid (1917–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ungdoms-_og_krigstid_(1917–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litterær_debut_(1945–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litterær_debut_(1945–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Litterær debut (1945–1950)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litterær_debut_(1945–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hovudverka_(1951–1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hovudverka_(1951–1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hovudverka (1951–1971)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hovudverka_(1951–1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offentleg_person_og_samfunnsengasjement_(frå_slutten_av_1960-åra)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offentleg_person_og_samfunnsengasjement_(frå_slutten_av_1960-åra)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Offentleg person og samfunnsengasjement (frå slutten av 1960-åra)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offentleg_person_og_samfunnsengasjement_(frå_slutten_av_1960-åra)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjukdom_og_død" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjukdom_og_død"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sjukdom og død</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjukdom_og_død-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ettermæle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ettermæle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Ettermæle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ettermæle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Verk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Originalutåver_og_norske_omsetjingar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originalutåver_og_norske_omsetjingar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Originalutåver og norske omsetjingar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Originalutåver_og_norske_omsetjingar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Posthumt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkutgåver_i_utval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkutgåver_i_utval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Verkutgåver i utval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkutgåver_i_utval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Brev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referansar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referansar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referansar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referansar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Böll</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 94 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاينريش بول – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاينريش بول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrix_B%C3%B6ll" title="Henrix Böll – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Henrix Böll" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاینریش بول – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاینریش بول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Генрых Бёль – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Генрых Бёль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гайнрых Бёль – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гайнрых Бёль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хайнрих Бьол – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайнрих Бьол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Χάινριχ Μπελ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάινριχ Μπελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%84" title="هاینریش بل – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاینریش بل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%89%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84" title="هاىنريش بؤل – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هاىنريش بؤل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EB%B5%90" title="하인리히 뵐 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하인리히 뵐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD_%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Հայնրիխ Բյոլ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայնրիխ Բյոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हैन्रिक बोल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैन्रिक बोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Theodor_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Theodor Böll – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heinrich Theodor Böll" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%91%D7%9C" title="היינריך בל – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היינריך בל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰაინრიხ ბიოლი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაინრიხ ბიოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Генрих Бёлль – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Генрих Бёлль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Белль Генрих – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Белль Генрих" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_B%C3%B6ll" title="Henricus Böll – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus Böll" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrihs_Bells" title="Heinrihs Bells – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Heinrihs Bells" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хајнрих Бел – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хајнрих Бел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हाइनरिश ब्योल – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हाइनरिश ब्योल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰაინრიხ ბიოლი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაინრიხ ბიოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاينرش بول – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هاينرش بول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاینریش بول – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هاینریش بول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB" title="ハインリヒ・ベル – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハインリヒ・ベル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਹਾਈਨਰਿਸ਼ ਬਲ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਈਨਰਿਸ਼ ਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ہائنرش بل – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائنرش بل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Бёлль, Генрих – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бёлль, Генрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хајнрих Бел – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хајнрих Бел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Һайнрих Бөлл – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һайнрих Бөлл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="ไฮน์ริช เบิล – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮน์ริช เบิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ҳенрих Бёлл – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳенрих Бёлл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Генріх Белль – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генріх Белль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ہنرک بول – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنرک بول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94" title="海因里希·伯尔 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海因里希·伯尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Heinrich Böll" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE" title="亨利希伯爾 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亨利希伯爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94" title="海因里希·伯尔 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海因里希·伯尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&oldid=3433099" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&id=3433099&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_B%25C3%25B6ll"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_B%25C3%25B6ll"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Heinrich+B%C3%B6ll"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3518128">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output .thumbcaption{text-align:center}</style> <table class="infobox wb-editable" style="width:21em; font-size:85%;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:lightgrey; color:black; font-size:1.2em; padding:0.2em 0em;"><b>Heinrich Böll</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004,_Bonn,_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="655" /></a></span><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Statsborgarskap</b></td> <td>Tyskland </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Fødd</b></td> <td><span><a href="/wiki/21._desember" title="21. desember">21. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln" title="Köln">Köln</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Død</b></td> <td> <p><span><a href="/wiki/16._juli" title="16. juli">16. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></span> (67 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1805008" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q1805008">Langenbroich</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Yrke</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q822146" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q822146">songtekstforfattar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q28389" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q28389">manusforfattar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q333634" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q333634">omsetjar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrikar" title="Lyrikar">lyrikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q6625963" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q6625963">romanforfattar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q36180" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q36180">skribent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q115784320" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q115784320">Nobel Prize winner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q662729" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q662729">offentleg person</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Språk</b></td> <td>tysk </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Medlem av</b></td> <td>Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste, Akademie der Künste Berlin, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Letters </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Religion</b></td> <td>Den romersk-katolske kyrkja </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ektefelle</b></td> <td>Annemarie Böll </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll på Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Heinrich Böll</b> (<a href="/wiki/21._desember" title="21. desember">21. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>–<a href="/wiki/16._juli" title="16. juli">16. juli</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>) var ein <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tysk</a> forfattar og omsettar. </p><p>Han blir rekna som ein av dei viktigaste tyske etterkrigsforfattarane og fekk i 1972 <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprisen i litteratur</a> <i>«för en diktning som genom sin förening av tidshistorisk vidsyn och ömsint gestaltningsförmåga verkat förnyande inom tysk litteratur.»</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="infobox" align="right" style="margin-left: 15px; width: 22em; text-align:center; font-size: 88%;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprisen"><img alt="Nobelprisen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprisen i litteratur</a> <br />1972 </p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_(signature).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_%28signature%29.jpg/220px-Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_%28signature%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_%28signature%29.jpg/330px-Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_%28signature%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll_%28signature%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="95" /></a><figcaption>Signaturen til Heinrich Böll</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv">Liv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Liv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Liv"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ungdoms-_og_krigstid_(1917–1945)"><span id="Ungdoms-_og_krigstid_.281917.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Ungdoms- og krigstid (1917–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Ungdoms- og krigstid (1917–1945)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ungdoms- og krigstid (1917–1945)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heinrich Böll sine foreldre var Maria Hermann og tømmermannen Viktor Böll. Heinrich var faren sitt åttande barn og tredje son; Maria var den andre kona hans. Den småborgarlege familien Böll var <a href="/wiki/Den_romersk-katolske_kyrkja" class="mw-redirect" title="Den romersk-katolske kyrkja">katolikkar</a> med ei avvisande haldning til <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nasjonalsosialistane</a>. </p><p>Böll gjekk på den katolske folkeskolen Raderthal frå 1924 til 1928 og tok deretter til på den statlege humanistiske <i>Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gymnasium</i>. Etter <a href="/wiki/Eksamen_artium" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksamen artium">eksamen artium</a> i 1937 gjekk han i bokhandlarlære hos bokhandelen Mathias Lempertz i <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, men avbraut læretida etter elleve månader. Dei første forsøka på å skrive litteratur kom på denne tida. I 1938 måtte Heinrich Böll gjere arbeidsteneste (<i>Reichsarbeitsdienst</i>) for nazistane i eit år. Sommaren 1939 starta han opp eit studium i <a href="/wiki/Germanistikk" title="Germanistikk">germanistikk</a> og klassisk filologi ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A4t_zu_K%C3%B6ln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universität zu Köln (sida finst ikkje)">Universität zu Köln</a>, og skreiv sin første roman, <i>Am Rande der Kirche</i>. På seinsommaren blei han innkalla til militæret og måtte etter det gjere soldatteneste i <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> til april 1945, då han hamna i amerikansk krigsfangenskap. I september same år blei han sett fri. </p><p>Under ein ferie frå fronttenesta i 1942 gifta Böll seg med læraren og seinare oversettaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annemarie_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annemarie Böll (sida finst ikkje)">Annemarie Čech</a> som han hadde kjent i lang tid. Den første sonen deira, Christoph, døydde i 1945, same året som han blei fødd. Sønene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimund_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimund Böll (sida finst ikkje)">Raimund</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Böll (sida finst ikkje)">René</a> og Vincent blei fødde i 1947, 1948 og 1950. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den andre verdskrigen">andre verdskrigen</a> bad han i brev til foreldra ved fleire høve om å sende <i>Pervitin</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamfetamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metamfetamin (sida finst ikkje)">metamfetamin</a>), eit stoff som i stort omfang blei delt ut til soldatane for å dempe dødsangsten og auke aggressiviteten.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Böll skal òg etter krigen ha vore avhengig av stoffet.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litterær_debut_(1945–1950)"><span id="Litter.C3.A6r_debut_.281945.E2.80.931950.29"></span>Litterær debut (1945–1950)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Litterær debut (1945–1950)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litterær debut (1945–1950)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under krigen skreiv Böll hovudsakleg brev, men etterpå tok han til å skrive skjønnlitteratur igjen, samstundes som han tok ulike småjobbar. Han immatrikulerte seg på ny ved universitetet, men det var hovudsakleg for å få tildelt matsetlar. Kona Annemarie arbeidde som lærar og var på denne tida hovudforsørgaren i familien. Böll sin første etterkrigsroman, <i>Kreuz ohne Liebe</i>, kom ut i juli 1946 og dei første novellene blei gitt ut i tidsskrift i 1947. Han skreiv på denne tida ein type tysk etterkrigslitteratur som blei kalla <i>Trümmerliteratur</i> («ruinlitteratur»); den var stort sett skriven av debuterande forfattarar, attvendte soldatar og tidlegare krigsfangar som skreiv om korleis dei opplevde å sjå landet sitt og idealane sine ligge i ruinar – og den tilhøyrande skuldkjensla. Sentrale tema hos Böll var krigserfaringane og den skeive samfunsutviklinga i Tyskland i tida etter krigen. Nokre av dei beste novellene hans kom i samlinga <i>Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa...</i> (1950) og la grunnen for Böll sitt ry som novelleforfattar. Andre noveller frå dei første etterkrigsåra kom i dels omarbeidd form i samlinga <i>Die Verwundung</i> (1983). </p><p>Viktige kjelder for denne tida er den posthumt publiserte korrespondansen med den nære venen, forfattaren Ernst-Adolf Kunz, som han blei kjend med i krigsfangenskap i Frankrike (<i>Die Hoffnung ist wie ein wildes Tier</i>, Kiepenheuer 1994, dtv 1997). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hovudverka_(1951–1971)"><span id="Hovudverka_.281951.E2.80.931971.29"></span>Hovudverka (1951–1971)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Hovudverka (1951–1971)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hovudverka (1951–1971)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den første store triumfen til Heinrich Böll var debuten hos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruppe_47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruppe 47 (sida finst ikkje)">Gruppe 47</a> i mai 1951. Rett nok hadde han allereie gjeve ut nokre verk, men ingen av desse blei møtt med spesielt stor merksemd. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Andersch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Andersch (sida finst ikkje)">Alfred Andersch</a> tok initiativet til å invitere Böll til Gruppe 47 sitt sjuande møte som fann stad i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bad Dürkheim (sida finst ikkje)">Bad Dürkheim</a>. Böll las satiren <i>Die schwarzen Schafe</i> og vann mot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milo_Dor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milo Dor (sida finst ikkje)">Milo Dor</a> med knappast mogleg margin <i>Preis der Gruppe 47</i> og dei tilhøyrande 1000 DM i prispengar, pluss eit forfattaroppdrag hos forlaget <i>Kiepenheuer & Witsch</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Åra etter var dei mest produktive i livet til Heinrich Böll, med til dømes <i>Wo warst du, Adam?</i> (1951), <i>Und sagte kein einziges Wort</i> (1953), <i>Haus ohne Hüter</i> (1954), <i>Irisches Tagebuch</i> (1957), <i>Doktor Murkes gesammeltes Schweigen und andere Satiren</i> (1958), <i>Billard um halbzehn</i> (1959), <i>Ansichten eines Clowns</i> (1963) og <i>Ende einer Dienstfahrt</i> (1966). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offentleg_person_og_samfunnsengasjement_(frå_slutten_av_1960-åra)"><span id="Offentleg_person_og_samfunnsengasjement_.28fr.C3.A5_slutten_av_1960-.C3.A5ra.29"></span>Offentleg person og samfunnsengasjement (frå slutten av 1960-åra)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Offentleg person og samfunnsengasjement (frå slutten av 1960-åra)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Offentleg person og samfunnsengasjement (frå slutten av 1960-åra)"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Heinrich_boell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Heinrich_boell.jpg/170px-Heinrich_boell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Heinrich_boell.jpg/255px-Heinrich_boell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Heinrich_boell.jpg/340px-Heinrich_boell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Byste av Heinrich Böll, gjort av Wieland Förster</figcaption></figure> <p>Under kanslertida til den konservative <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a> profilerte Böll seg som motparten hans. I 1970 blei han utnemnd til president i <a href="/wiki/PEN-klubben" class="mw-redirect" title="PEN-klubben">PEN-klubben</a> i Tyskland (til 1972) og kort tid seinare til president i den internasjonale PEN-klubben, eit verv han hadde til 1974. </p><p>I 1972, året han fekk Nobelprisen i litteratur, stelte Böll i stand ei politisk skandale i Tyskland da han skreiv eit <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a> for <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Spiegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Der Spiegel (sida finst ikkje)">Der Spiegel</a></i> der han omhandla <a href="/wiki/Rote_Armee_Fraktion" title="Rote Armee Fraktion">RAF-terroristen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Meinhof" title="Ulrike Meinhof">Ulrike Meinhof</a> sin person og liv, og gjekk til kraftig åtak på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel-Springer-Verlag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel-Springer-Verlag (sida finst ikkje)">Springer-pressa</a>. Spiegel-redaksjonen endra mot Böll sin uttrykkelege vilje tittelen til <i>Will Ulrike Gnade oder freies Geleit?</i>. Böll hevda at ved å berre brukte fornamnet «Ulrike» kunne det verke som han hadde eit nært personleg kjennskap til henne, noko som korkje var tilfelle eller i samsvar med forfattaren sine intensjonar, og ikkje heller formidla i teksten.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etter dette rekna konservative krinsar Böll som ein «geistiger Sympathisant» med terrorisme og det leid han under. Styresmaktene trudde han var truande til å skjule RAF-medlemar heime hos seg, og 1. juni 1972 blei heimen til familien utsett for ei stor husgransking som Böll klaga over i eit brev til forbundspresident <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a>. Korleis og av kor mange huset blei undersøkt var det usemje om, men filosofen Robert Spaemann som var på besøk same dag stadfesta at han såg fleire tungt væpna politifolk under aksjonen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1974 kom det så langt mest kjende verket til Böll, <i>Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum</i> som skildrar valdsdebatten på 1970-talet, og er særs kritisk til Springer-pressa. Forteljinga er fram til 2007 blitt selt i nesten seks millionar eksemplar berre i Tyskland og er omsett til over 30 språk – på norsk som <i>Katharina Blums tapte ære</i>. Den konservative pressa utsette boka for kraftig kritikk og hevda, heilt mot boka sitt hovudpoeng, at den var ei rettferdiggjering av terroristisk vald; ein av dei var den seinare forbundspresidenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Carstens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Carstens (sida finst ikkje)">Karl Carstens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Åra som følgde arbeidde Heinrich Böll i aukande grad med politiske problem heime i Tyskland og i andre land som <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og kritiserte dei heftig. Dei sovjetiske <a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">dissidentane</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzjenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Kopelev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Kopelev (sida finst ikkje)">Lev Kopelev</a> var gjester i huset hans. Konfliktar i Sør-Amerika engasjerte han seg òg i, og på slutten av 1970-åra støtta han hjelpeaksjonar for dei vietnamesiske båtflyktningane. Han var òg svært kritisk til den katolske kyrkja og melde seg ut i 1976, utan at han dermed slutta å vere ein truande. Böll støtta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredsr%C3%B8rsla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredsrørsla (sida finst ikkje)">fredsrørsla</a> sine aksjonar mot <a href="/wiki/Dobbeltvedtaket" title="Dobbeltvedtaket">dobbeltvedtaket</a> til <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> og deltok i 1983 på ein sitt-ned-blokade ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutlangen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutlangen (sida finst ikkje)">Mutlangen</a> der dei første Pershing-II-rakettane skulle stasjonerast. </p><p>Det siste verket til Böll er <i>Frauen vor Flußlandschaft</i> (1985), eit på ingen måte flatterande minnesmerke over byen <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, den tyske forbundshovudstaden frå 1949 til 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sjukdom_og_død"><span id="Sjukdom_og_d.C3.B8d"></span>Sjukdom og død</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Sjukdom og død" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sjukdom og død"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Grab-hboell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Grab-hboell.jpg/170px-Grab-hboell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Grab-hboell.jpg/255px-Grab-hboell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Grab-hboell.jpg/340px-Grab-hboell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Gravkrossen til Heinrich Böll i Merten</figcaption></figure> <p>Heinrich Böll røykte mykje og blei på 1970-talet operert i det høgre beinet. I byrjinga av juli 1985 blei han innlagt på eit sjukehus i Köln for omfattande operasjonar og kom tilbake til heimen sin i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langenbroich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langenbroich (sida finst ikkje)">Langenbroich</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voreifel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voreifel (sida finst ikkje)">Voreifel</a> den 15. juli. Her døydde han om morgonen dagen etter. Tre dagar seinare blei han gravlagd i Merten ved Köln i henhald til dei katolske ritene. Ein katolsk prest som var ven av familien stod for gravferda, men trass hardnakka rykter hadde ikkje Böll vendt tilbake til kyrkja. Mange politikarar og kolleger var til stades under gravferda, det var òg den dåverande forbundspresidenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard von Weizsäcker (sida finst ikkje)">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, eit teikn på kor stor den offentlege interessa var for Böll sin person. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ettermæle"><span id="Etterm.C3.A6le"></span>Ettermæle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Ettermæle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ettermæle"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romanen <i>Der Engel schwieg</i>, med ei handling som utspelar seg i etterkrigstida, blei først gjeven ut i 1992. Manuskriptet er frå 1949, men blei refusert av forlaget Friedrich Middelhauve, og forfattaren fekk sjølv berre publisert delar av romanen i form av noveller. Fleire noveller som aldri blei publisert i levetida til Böll kom ut i samleverket <i>Der blasse Hund</i> (1995), her finn ein òg ein førkrigstekst. Den første etterkrigsromanen til Böll, <i>Kreuz ohne Liebe</i> kom ut i 2002 i samband med utgjevinga av dei samla verka hans (<i>Kölner Böll-Ausgabe</i>). Handlinga utspelar seg dels før, dels under <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den andre verdskrigen">den andre verdskrigen</a>. </p><p>Fleire institusjoner bèr namnet til forfattaren, til dømes <i>Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung</i> og <i>Heinrich-Böll-Archiv</i>, sistnemnde er eit dokumentasjons- og informasjonsenter over Böll sitt liv og virke. Hytta til Böll på <a href="/wiki/Achill_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Achill Island">Achill Island</a> på vestkysten av <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a> er gjestehus for internasjonale og irske artistar, og sommarhuset i Langenbroich tener som tilfluktsstad og stipendiatstad for forfattarar og kunstnarar frå heile verda. Ei rekke skolar har òg fått namn etter diktaren og byen Köln har sidan 1985 delt ut <i>Heinrich-Böll-Preis</i> for gode bidrag til den tyskpråklege litteraturen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verk">Verk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Verk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Verk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Originalutåver_og_norske_omsetjingar"><span id="Originalut.C3.A5ver_og_norske_omsetjingar"></span>Originalutåver og norske omsetjingar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Originalutåver og norske omsetjingar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Originalutåver og norske omsetjingar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Der Mann mit den Messern</i>, kortroman. Kassel 1948.</li> <li><i>Der Zug war pünktlich</i>, forteljing. Verlag Friedrich Middelhauve, Opladen 1949. Til norsk 1960: <i>Toget var i rute</i>.</li> <li><i>Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa</i>, noveller. Middelhauve, Opladen 1950</li> <li><i>Die schwarzen Schafe</i>, kortroman. Middelhauve, Opladen 1951</li> <li><i>Wo warst du, Adam?</i>, roman. Middelhauve, Opladen 1951. Til norsk 1960: <i>Hvor var du, Adam?</i>.</li> <li><i>Nicht zur Weihnachtszeit</i>, humoristisk forteljing. FVA, Frankfurt am Main 1952</li> <li><i>Die Waage der Baleks</i>, kortroman. F.A.Z. 1953</li> <li><i>Und sagte kein einziges Wort</i>, roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1953. Til norsk 1957: <i>Og sa ikke et eneste ord</i>.</li> <li><i>Haus ohne Hüter</i>, roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1954. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2010. 16. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423016315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-01631-5</a></li> <li><i>Das Brot der frühen Jahre</i>, forteljing. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1955. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2008. 23. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423013741" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-01374-1</a></li> <li><i>Irisches Tagebuch</i>. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1957. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2009. 57. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423000017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-00001-7</a>. Til norsk 1973: <i>Irsk dagbok</i>.</li> <li><i>Im Tal der donnernden Hufe</i>, forteljing. Insel Verlag, Wiesbaden 1957.</li> <li><i>Die Spurlosen</i>, høyrespel. Etterord av Rudolf Walter Leonhardt. Bredow-Institut (Hörwerke der Zeit 9), Hamburg 1957</li> <li><i>Der Bahnhof von Zimpren</i>, kortroman. <i>Die Zeit</i> 1958</li> <li><i>Doktor Murkes gesammeltes Schweigen und andere Satiren.</i> Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1958</li> <li><i>Billard um halbzehn,</i> roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1959. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2009. 29. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423009911" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-00991-1</a>. Til norsk 1960: <i>Biljard klokken halv ti</i>.</li> <li><i>Ein Schluck Erde</i>, drama. (UA Düsseldorf 1961.) Forord av Joachim Kaiser. Kiepenheuer & Witsch (Collection Theater 3), Köln 1962</li> <li><i>Als der Krieg ausbrach. Als der Krieg zu Ende war</i>, to forteljingar. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1962 (IB 768)</li> <li><i>Ansichten eines Clowns</i>. Roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1963. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2009. 54. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423004008" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-00400-8</a></li> <li><i>Entfernung von der Truppe</i>. Forteljing. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1964. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 1992. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423115933" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-11593-3</a></li> <li><i>Ende einer Dienstfahrt.</i> Forteljing. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1966. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2004. 24. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423005661" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-00566-1</a></li> <li><i>Hausfriedensbruch</i>. Høyrespel, drama. Kiepenheuer & Witsch (pocket 4), Köln 1969</li> <li><i>Gruppenbild mit Dame.</i> Roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1971. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2007. 23. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423009591" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-00959-1</a>. Til norsk 1972: <i>Gruppebilde med dame</i>.</li> <li><i>Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum oder: Wie Gewalt entstehen und wohin sie führen kann.</i> roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1974. Til norsk: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katharina_Blums_tapte_%C3%A6re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katharina Blums tapte ære (sida finst ikkje)">Katharina Blums tapte ære</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Berichte zur Gesinnungslage der Nation.</i> Kiepenheuer & Witsch (pocket 64), Köln 1975</li> <li><i>Du fährst zu oft nach Heidelberg und andere Erzählungen.</i> 18 noveller. Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1979. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München aoJ, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423017251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-01725-1</a></li> <li><i>Fürsorgliche Belagerung.</i> Roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1979. Nyaste utgåve dtv, München 2003. 9. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423100014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-10001-4</a></li> <li><i>Was soll aus dem Jungen bloß werden? Oder: Irgendwas mit Büchern.</i> Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1981</li> <li><i>Das Vermächtnis.</i> Forteljing. Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1982</li> <li><i>Die Verwundung und andere frühe Erzählungen.</i> Lamuv, Bornheim-Merten 1983</li> <li><i>Frauen vor Flußlandschaft.</i> Roman in Dialogen und Selbstgesprächen. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1985</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumt">Posthumt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Posthumt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Posthumt"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Der Engel schwieg</i>, roman. Med etterord av Werner Bellmann. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1992. Nyaste utgåve <i>dtv</i>, München 2009, 4. opplag. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783423124508" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-423-12450-8</a>. Til norsk i 1993: <i>Engelen var taus</i>.</li> <li><i>Der blasse Hund. Elf Erzählungen.</i> Med etterord av Heinrich Vormweg. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1995.</li> <li><i>Kreuz ohne Liebe</i>, roman. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2003</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verkutgåver_i_utval"><span id="Verkutg.C3.A5ver_i_utval"></span>Verkutgåver i utval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Verkutgåver i utval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Verkutgåver i utval"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Werke 1–10</i>. Red. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernd_Balzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernd Balzer (sida finst ikkje)">Bernd Balzer</a>. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1977/78</li> <li><i>In eigener und anderer Sache. Schriften und Reden 1952–1985</i>. 9 bind. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1985–88</li> <li><i>Kölner Ausgabe</i> 26 bind + 1 registerbind. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2002-2010.</li> <li><i>Erzählungen</i>. Red <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jochen_Schubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jochen Schubert (sida finst ikkje)">Jochen Schubert</a>. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9783462036978" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-462-03697-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brev">Brev</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Endre bolk: Brev" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Brev"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Die Hoffnung ist wie ein wildes Tier. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Heinrich Böll und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst-Adolf_Kunz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst-Adolf Kunz (sida finst ikkje)">Ernst-Adolf Kunz</a> 1945–1953</i>. Red. Herbert Hoven. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 1994</li> <li><i>Briefe aus dem Krieg 1939–1945</i>. 2 bind, redigert og kommentert av Jochen Schubert. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referansar">Referansar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Endre bolk: Referansar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referansar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1972/index.html">Nobeltildelinga 1972</a>, nobelprize.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taz.de/pt/2006/12/28/a0217.1/text">Erik Eggers «Peppige Panzerschokolade». <i>die tageszeitung</i> 28. desember 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.zeit.de/text/2007/32/Boell">Grefe C, Soboczynski A. «Wo ist Böll?» <i>Zeit Magazin Leben</i> 2. august 2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf Walter Leonhardt: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/1997/52/Ein_Blick_zurueck_in_Liebe?page=all">«Ein Blick zurück in Liebe»</a></i>. I <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Zeit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Zeit (sida finst ikkje)">Die Zeit</a></i> 19. desember 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich Böll: <i>Werke</i>. Kölner Ausgabe, Band 18. Kiepenheuer & Witsch 2003. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/3462032607" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-462-03260-7</a>. s. 454 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/1998/19/Kaffee_Kuchen_und_Terror">Rober Spaemann: «Kaffee, Kuchen und Terror»</a>, <i>Die Zeit</i> 19/1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klaus Staeck: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/2010/0722/meinung/0045/index.html">«Er fehlt!»</a> <i>Berliner Zeitung</i>, 22. juli 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~pbruhn/projboll.htm">«Heinrich Böll in der Sowjetunion»</a> av Peter Bruhn og Henry Glade</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://nn.wikiquote.org/wiki/de:Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" class="extiw" title="q:de:Heinrich Böll">Sitat av Heinrich Böll på tysk Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.d-nb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D118512676&method=simpleSearch">Verk av og om Heinrich Böll</a> i katalogen til <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">det tyske nasjonalbiblioteket</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1972/index.html">Nobeltildelinga 1972</a>, nobelprize.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.uni-wuppertal.de/FBA/germanistik/Germanistik/Personal/bellmann/welcome.htm">Bilioografi i utval; forskingslitteratur og fortolkingar av dei viktigaste av verka til Böll</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120050754/http://www2.uni-wuppertal.de/FBA/germanistik/Germanistik/Personal/bellmann/welcome.htm">Arkivert</a> 2012-01-20 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Universität Wuppertal</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stbib-koeln.de/boell/"><i>Heinrich-Böll-Archiv der Stadtbibliothek Köln</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040607050322/http://www.stbib-koeln.de/boell/">Arkivert</a> 2004-06-07 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boell.de/"><i>Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heinrich-boell.de/"><i>Erbengemeinschaft Heinrich Böll</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtv.de/dtv.cfm?wohin=autor136">Heinrich Böll hos dtv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023010/http://www.dtv.de/dtv.cfm?wohin=autor136">Arkivert</a> 2007-09-27 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.fu-berlin.de/internetquellen/fachinformation/germanistik/autoren/multi_ab/boell.html">Lenkesamling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040625043040/http://www.ub.fu-berlin.de/internetquellen/fachinformation/germanistik/autoren/multi_ab/boell.html">Arkivert</a> 2004-06-25 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. på ub.fu-berlin.de</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobelprisvinnarar_i_litteratur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:black; background:#F5F0F2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Nobelprisvinnarar_i_litteratur" title="Mal:Nobelprisvinnarar i litteratur"><abbr title="Vis denne malen" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Nobelprisvinnarar_i_litteratur" title="Maldiskusjon:Nobelprisvinnarar i litteratur"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen" style="color:black">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-endre"><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:Nobelprisvinnarar_i_litteratur&action=edit"><abbr title="Endre denne malen" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobelprisvinnarar_i_litteratur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_litteratur" title="Nobelprisen i litteratur">Nobelprisvinnarar i litteratur</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#EDE8EA">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Prudhomme</a> (1901) • <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a> (1902) • <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnson</a> (1903) • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Mistral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">Echegaray</a> (1904) • <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Sienkiewicz</a> (1905) • <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Carducci</a> (1906) • <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Kipling</a> (1907) • <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Eucken</a> (1908) • <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Lagerlöf</a> (1909) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Heyse</a> (1910) • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a> (1911) • <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a> (1912) • <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a> (1913) • <i>Inga utdeling i 1914.</i> • <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Rolland</a> (1915) • <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">von Heidenstam</a> (1916) • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gjellerup" title="Karl Gjellerup">Gjellerup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Pontoppidan</a> (1917) • <i>Inga utdeling i 1918.</i> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Spitteler</a> (1919) • <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a> (1920) • <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">France</a> (1921) • <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Benavente</a> (1922) • <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" title="William Butler Yeats">Yeats</a> (1923) • <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Reymont</a> (1924) • <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a> (1925)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#EDE8EA">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Deledda</a> (1926) • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a> (1927) • <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Undset</a> (1928) • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a> (1929) • <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Lewis</a> (1930) • <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Karlfeldt</a> (1931) • <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">Galsworthy</a> (1932) • <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Bunin</a> (1933) • <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a> (1934) • <i>Inga utdeling i 1935.</i> • <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O’Neill</a> (1936) • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">du Gard</a> (1937) • <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Buck" title="Pearl Buck">Buck</a> (1938) • <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Sillanpää</a> (1939) • <i>Inga utdeling i 1940–1943.</i> • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Vilhelm Jensen">Jensen</a> (1944) • <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Mistral</a> (1945) • <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">Eliot</a> (1948) • <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a> (1949) • <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a> (1950)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#EDE8EA">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Lagerkvist</a> (1951) • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">Mauriac</a> (1952) • <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a> (1953) • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a> (1954) • <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness">Laxness</a> (1955) • <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Jiménez</a> (1956) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a> (1957) • <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Pasternak</a> (1958) • <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Quasimodo</a> (1959) • <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Perse</a> (1960) • <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Andrić</a> (1961) • <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">Steinbeck</a> (1962) • <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a> (1963) • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a> (1964) • <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sjolokhov" title="Mikhail Sjolokhov">Sjolokhov</a> (1965) • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Josef_Agnon" title="Samuel Josef Agnon">Agnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Sachs</a> (1966) • <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Asturias</a> (1967) • <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Kawabata</a> (1968) • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzjenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn">Solzjenitsyn</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Neruda</a> (1971) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Böll</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">White</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Martinson</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Montale</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#EDE8EA">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Aleixandre</a> (1977) • <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Singer</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a> (1979) • <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Miłosz</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Canetti</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">García Márquez</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">Golding</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Seifert</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Simon</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Soyinka</a> (1986) • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Brodsky</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Mahfouz</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Cela</a> (1989) • <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Paz</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Gordimer</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Walcott</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Morrison</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Ōe</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Szymborska</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Fo</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">Saramago</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Grass</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:black; background:#EDE8EA">Frå 2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V.S._Naipaul" title="V.S. Naipaul">Naipaul</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Kertész</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/J.M._Coetzee" title="J.M. Coetzee">Coetzee</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Jelinek</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Pinter</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Pamuk</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Lessing</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio">Le Clézio</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Müller</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tranströmer</a> (2011) • <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Munro</a> (2013) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Modiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Modiano (sida finst ikkje)">Modiano</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Aleksijevitsj" title="Svetlana Aleksijevitsj">Aleksijevitsj</a> (2015) <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a>  (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Ishiguro</a> (2017) • <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Tokarczuk</a> (2018, delt ut i 2019) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Handke</a> (2019)  • <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Glück</a> (2020) • <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Gurnah</a> (2021) • <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Ernaux</a> (2022) • <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Fosse</a> (2023)  • <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3559440"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-100649">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibsys-almaprimo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/dlSearch.do?institution=BIBSYS&vid=BIBSYS&search_scope=blended_scope&query=lsr39,exact,90056047">BIBSYS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Heinrich_Böll">Store norske leksikon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88858559">VIAF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118512676">GND</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79100649">LCCN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000120965916">ISNI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11892651k">BNF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11892651k">BNF (data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/auth/179948">LIBRIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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