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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=XII+secolo" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=XII+secolo" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Avvenimenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avvenimenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Avvenimenti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Avvenimenti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Avvenimenti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Avvenimenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personaggi_significativi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personaggi_significativi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personaggi significativi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personaggi_significativi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_Papi_del_XII_secolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_Papi_del_XII_secolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I Papi del XII secolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_Papi_del_XII_secolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Letteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_maggiori_testi_religiosi_del_XII_secolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_maggiori_testi_religiosi_del_XII_secolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>I maggiori testi religiosi del XII secolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_maggiori_testi_religiosi_del_XII_secolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Filosofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diritto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diritto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Diritto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diritto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Università_nel_XII_secolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Università_nel_XII_secolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Università nel XII secolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Università_nel_XII_secolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architettura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architettura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Architettura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architettura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Medicina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nascita_di_nuove_città" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nascita_di_nuove_città"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Nascita di nuove città</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nascita_di_nuove_città-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">XII secolo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 136 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/12de_eeu" title="12de eeu - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="12de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XII" title="Sieglo XII - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_12" title="القرن 12 - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 12" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن الاتناشر - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن الاتناشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XII" title="Sieglu XII - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XII гӀасру - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XII гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-eafa_decemda" title="12-eafa decemda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="12-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C9%99sr" title="XII əsr - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XII əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۲. یوز ایل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XII быуат - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XII быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_om%C5%BEios" title="XII omžios - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XII omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагоддзе - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XII стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагодзьдзе - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XII стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIIvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XII" title="Segle XII - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="12 sié-gī - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="12 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XII бӀешо - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XII бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A2" title="سەدەی ١٢ - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolet%C3%AD" title="12. století - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="12. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XII ĕмĕр - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XII ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12fed_ganrif" title="12fed ganrif - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="12fed ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="12. århundrede - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="12. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_12ine" title="Seserra 12ine - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 12ine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="12ος αιώνας - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="12ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_s%C3%A9col" title="XII sécol - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XII sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-a_jarcento" title="12-a jarcento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="12-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XII" title="Siglo XII - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sajand" title="12. sajand - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="12. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._mendea" title="XII. mendea - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XII. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XII" title="Sigru XII - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XII" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده دوازدهم میلادی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده دوازدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-luku" title="1100-luku - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1100-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._aastagasada" title="12. aastagasada - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="12. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B8ld" title="12. øld - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="12. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIIe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._juarhunert" title="12. juarhunert - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="12. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_iuw" title="12e iuw - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="12e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%C3%BA_haois" title="12ú haois - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="12ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/12na_linn" title="12na linn - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="12na linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12h_eash" title="12h eash - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="12h eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-12" title="המאה ה-12 - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-12" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="१२वीं शताब्दी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२वीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolje%C4%87e" title="12. stoljeće - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="12. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sz%C3%A1zad" title="12. század - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="12. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="12-րդ դար - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="12-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_12" title="Seculo 12 - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 12" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ma_yarcento" title="12ma yarcento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="12ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B6ldin" title="12. öldin - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="12. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_12" title="Abad ping 12 - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 12" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XII საუკუნე - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XII საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII ғасыр - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XII ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A2_%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%82.%E1%9E%9F" title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="12세기 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="12세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_12an" title="Sedsala 12an - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 12an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ves_kansbledhen" title="12ves kansbledhen - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="12ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_12" title="Saeculum 12 - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 12" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Joerhonnert" title="12. Joerhonnert - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="12. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XII виш йис - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XII виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_12" title="Sentenio 12 - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 12" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfde_iew" title="Twelfde iew - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twelfde iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XII" title="Sécul XII - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XII" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_am%C5%BEius" title="XII amžius - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XII amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._gadsimts" title="12. gadsimts - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="12. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-12" title="Abad kaping-12 - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XII курым - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XII курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_12" title="Rautau 12 - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 12" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XII пинге - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XII пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XII" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_seculo" title="XII seculo - napoletano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XII seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoletano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Johrhunnert" title="12. Johrhunnert - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="12. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundre" title="12. århundre - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="12. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_s." title="XIIe s. - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIIe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_12" title="Ngwagakgolo 12 - sotho del nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 12" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XII" title="Sègle XII - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle XII" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_wiek" title="XII wiek - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XII wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہويں صدی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بارہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="12 ñiqin pachakwata - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="12 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Secolul al XII-lea - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XII век - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XII век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XII. стороча - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XII. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XII үйэ - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XII үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_XII" title="Sèculu XII - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasuta_tiss_XII" title="Tasuta tiss XII - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasuta tiss XII" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_12" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12 - shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="12 වන සියවස - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="12 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._storo%C4%8Die" title="12. storočie - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="12. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stoletje" title="12. stoletje - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="12. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XII" title="Shekulli XII - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12. век - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="12. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jierhunnert" title="12. Jierhunnert - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="12. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_12" title="Karne ya 12 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 12" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XII" title="Садаи XII - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XII" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_12" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12 - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-nji_asyr" title="12-nji asyr - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="12-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_dantaon" title="Ika-12 dantaon - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-12 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="12. yüzyıl - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="12. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII гасыр - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XII гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XII століття - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XII століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہویں صدی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بارہویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_asr" title="XII asr - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XII asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_12" title="Thế kỷ 12 - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/12inme_sieke" title="12inme sieke - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="12inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XII ოშწანურა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XII ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="12טער י"ה - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="12טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_e%C3%AAuw" title="12e eêuw - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="12e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="12 sè-kí - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="12 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XII_secolo" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:XII_secolo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XII_secolo"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XII_secolo"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/XII_secolo" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/XII_secolo" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&oldid=141513687" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=XII_secolo&id=141513687&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXII_secolo"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXII_secolo"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=XII+secolo"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=XII_secolo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:12th_century" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7061" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable metadata noprint" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto 0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/I_millennio" title="I millennio">I millennio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/II_millennio" title="II millennio">II millennio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/III_millennio" title="III millennio">III millennio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo">IX secolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/X_secolo" title="X secolo">X secolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/XI_secolo" title="XI secolo">XI secolo</a><b> ·</b> <b>XII secolo</b><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/XIII_secolo" title="XIII secolo">XIII secolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">XIV secolo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo">XV secolo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anni_1100" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni 1100">Anni 1100</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1110" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni 1110">Anni 1110</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1120" title="Anni 1120">Anni 1120</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1130" title="Anni 1130">Anni 1130</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1140" title="Anni 1140">Anni 1140</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anni_1150" title="Anni 1150">Anni 1150</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1160" title="Anni 1160">Anni 1160</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1170" title="Anni 1170">Anni 1170</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1180" title="Anni 1180">Anni 1180</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anni_1190" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni 1190">Anni 1190</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1110" title="1110">1110</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1112" title="1112">1112</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1113" title="1113">1113</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1114" title="1114">1114</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1116" title="1116">1116</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1117" title="1117">1117</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1121" title="1121">1121</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1122" title="1122">1122</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1124" title="1124">1124</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1125" title="1125">1125</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1128" title="1128">1128</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1129" title="1129">1129</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1132" title="1132">1132</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1133" title="1133">1133</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1134" title="1134">1134</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1137" title="1137">1137</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1143" title="1143">1143</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1144" title="1144">1144</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1146" title="1146">1146</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1147" title="1147">1147</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1148" title="1148">1148</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1151" title="1151">1151</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1153" title="1153">1153</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1154" title="1154">1154</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1157" title="1157">1157</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1158" title="1158">1158</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1162" title="1162">1162</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1163" title="1163">1163</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1164" title="1164">1164</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1166" title="1166">1166</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1171" title="1171">1171</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1172" title="1172">1172</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1173" title="1173">1173</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1174" title="1174">1174</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1177" title="1177">1177</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1178" title="1178">1178</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">1179</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1182" title="1182">1182</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1188" title="1188">1188</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1189" title="1189">1189</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1191" title="1191">1191</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1196" title="1196">1196</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1197" title="1197">1197</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a> </td> <td style="border:none; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"><a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>XII secolo</b> (dodicesimo secolo), detto anche <b>Millecento<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> o <b></b>raramente <b>Cento<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b>, è il <a href="/wiki/Secolo" title="Secolo">secolo</a> che inizia nell'anno 1101 e termina nell'anno 1200 incluso. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avvenimenti">Avvenimenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Avvenimenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Avvenimenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa">Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Europa"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1122: <a href="/wiki/Concordato_di_Worms" title="Concordato di Worms">Concordato di Worms</a>: autonomia del papato verso il potere imperiale: termina la <a href="/wiki/Lotta_per_le_investiture" title="Lotta per le investiture">lotta per le investiture</a></li> <li>1130: Ruggero II d'Altavilla viene incoronato Re di Sicilia presso la cattedrale di Palermo. Qesto evento coincide con la nascita del sopracitato Regno di Sicilia Normanno</li> <li>1135-1154: <a href="/wiki/Anarchia_(storia_inglese)" title="Anarchia (storia inglese)">anarchia inglese</a></li> <li>1139: in <a href="/wiki/Regno_del_Portogallo" title="Regno del Portogallo">Portogallo</a> inizia il regno di <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_del_Portogallo" title="Alfonso I del Portogallo">Alfonso Henriques</a>, il primo <a href="/wiki/Sovrani_del_Portogallo" title="Sovrani del Portogallo">re del Portogallo</a>.</li> <li>1167: <a href="/wiki/Giuramento_di_Pontida" title="Giuramento di Pontida">Giuramento di Pontida</a>, alleanza tra i comuni lombardi contro il <a href="/wiki/Sacro_Romano_Impero" title="Sacro Romano Impero">Sacro Romano Impero</a> di <a href="/wiki/Federico_Barbarossa" title="Federico Barbarossa">Federico Barbarossa</a></li> <li>1167: in seguito al Giuramento di Pontida nasce la <a href="/wiki/Lega_Lombarda" title="Lega Lombarda">Lega Lombarda</a></li> <li>1176: <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Legnano" title="Battaglia di Legnano">Battaglia di Legnano</a>: le truppe della <a href="/wiki/Lega_Lombarda" title="Lega Lombarda">Lega Lombarda</a> guidate da <a href="/wiki/Guido_da_Landriano" title="Guido da Landriano">Guido da Landriano</a>, sconfiggono le truppe dell'Imperatore <a href="/wiki/Federico_Barbarossa" title="Federico Barbarossa">Federico I Barbarossa</a><sup id="cite_ref-cita-Grillo-2010-pp157-163_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cita-Grillo-2010-pp157-163-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Età d'oro della Bosnia</i>: <a href="/wiki/Kulin_il_Bano" title="Kulin il Bano">Kulin il Bano</a> (1180-1204), la <a href="/wiki/Carta_di_Kulin_il_Bano" title="Carta di Kulin il Bano">Carta di Kulin il Bano</a> (1189)</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> si afferma il sovrano <a href="/wiki/Davide_IV_di_Georgia" title="Davide IV di Georgia">Davide IV di Georgia</a> (1089-1125), considerato dalla tradizione il più grande <a href="/wiki/Sovrani_di_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovrani di Georgia">sovrano georgiano</a></li> <li>nascono gli <a href="/wiki/Ordini_mendicanti" title="Ordini mendicanti">Ordini Mendicanti</a></li> <li>si affermano i signori di <a href="/wiki/Svevia" title="Svevia">Svevia</a></li> <li>continua la crescita economica e si sviluppano le città.</li> <li>Gli arabi introducono la tecnica di fabbricazione della carta.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personaggi_significativi">Personaggi significativi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Personaggi significativi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Personaggi significativi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladino" title="Saladino">Saladino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, 1138 - <a href="/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco">Damasco</a>, 1193), sultano d'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a>, vincitore dei crociati nella <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Hattin" title="Battaglia di Hattin">Battaglia di Hattin</a> riconquistatore di <a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a> (1162 ca. - 1227), capo <a href="/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide">mongolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami Ganjavi</a> (1141-1209), poeta persiano e poeta nazionale dell'<a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a>, anche se scrisse in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">lingua persiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessio_I_Comneno" title="Alessio I Comneno">Alessio I Comneno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">imperatore bizantino</a> (1081-1118), riconquista buona parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minore</a> tra cui <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">Nicea</a>, con lui inizia la <a href="/wiki/Rinascita_dell%27Impero_bizantino_sotto_i_Comneni" title="Rinascita dell'Impero bizantino sotto i Comneni">Rinascita dell'Impero bizantino sotto i Comneni</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_II_Comneno" title="Giovanni II Comneno">Giovanni II Comneno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">imperatore bizantino</a> (1118-1143), continua le conquiste del padre in Asia Minore, conquista la <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuele_I_Comneno" title="Manuele I Comneno">Manuele I Comneno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperatori_bizantini" title="Imperatori bizantini">imperatore bizantino</a> (1143-1180), continua le conquiste in Asia Minore intraprese dai suoi predecessori e obbliga il <a href="/wiki/Principato_d%27Antiochia" title="Principato d'Antiochia">principato di Antiochia</a> a diventare suo vassallo. Conquisterà la <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> e invaderà il <a href="/wiki/Italia_meridionale" title="Italia meridionale">sud Italia</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a> anche se senza successo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenzo_III" title="Papa Innocenzo III">Innocenzo III</a> (Lotario dei conti di Segni - Papa, tutore di <a href="/wiki/Federico_II_di_Svevia" title="Federico II di Svevia">Federico II</a>), approvò l'<a href="/wiki/Ordine_francescano" title="Ordine francescano">Ordine dei Francescani</a> presentatogli da <a href="/wiki/Francesco_d%27Assisi" title="Francesco d'Assisi">san Francesco</a> (1209); tentò di risolvere il problema dei rapporti tra l'Impero ed il papato. Dalla famiglia dei <a href="/wiki/Conti_di_Segni" class="mw-redirect" title="Conti di Segni">Conti di Segni</a> ci furono altri Papi (<a href="/wiki/Papa_Alessandro_IV" title="Papa Alessandro IV">Alessandro IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregorio_IX" title="Papa Gregorio IX">Gregorio IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifacio_VIII" title="Papa Bonifacio VIII">Bonifacio VIII</a> -suo zio Andrea Conti caldeggiò il <a href="/wiki/Giubileo_universale_della_Chiesa_cattolica" title="Giubileo universale della Chiesa cattolica">Giubileo</a> del 1300, primo nella Storia- Storia della Città di <a href="/wiki/Anagni" title="Anagni">Anagni</a>-.S. <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Becket" title="Tommaso Becket">Thomas Becket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcivescovo_di_Canterbury" title="Arcivescovo di Canterbury">Arcivescovo di Canterbury</a>, ucciso nella <a href="/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Canterbury" title="Cattedrale di Canterbury">cattedrale di Canterbury</a> nel 1170, canonizzato a <a href="/wiki/Segni_(Italia)" title="Segni (Italia)">Segni</a> - <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> - nel 1173, il 22 febbraio, presso la Cattedrale di S. Maria Assunta, all'epoca dedicata a <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista" title="Giovanni Battista">San Giovanni Battista</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Barbarossa" title="Federico Barbarossa">Federico I Hohenstaufen</a> (1122-1190), detto Barbarossa, imperatore del <a href="/wiki/Sacro_Romano_Impero" title="Sacro Romano Impero">Sacro Romano Impero</a> e re d'<a href="/wiki/Regno_d%27Italia_(Sacro_Romano_Impero)" title="Regno d'Italia (Sacro Romano Impero)">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildegarda_di_Bingen" title="Ildegarda di Bingen">Ildegarda di Bingen</a> (1098-1179), religiosa e linguista tedesca, ideatrice di una delle prime lingue artificiale: la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_I_d%27Inghilterra" title="Riccardo I d'Inghilterra">Riccardo I d'Inghilterra</a> (1157-1199), detto Cuor di Leone, uno dei più famosi sovrani d'Inghilterra del XII secolo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_del_Portogallo" title="Alfonso I del Portogallo">Alfonso I del Portogallo</a> (1109-1185), primo re del Portogallo dal 1139</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Nemanja" title="Stefano Nemanja">Stefano Nemanja</a> (1117-1199), principe, considerato il padre della nazione serba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Abelardo" title="Pietro Abelardo">Pietro Abelardo</a> (1079 - 1142), uno dei più grandi filosofi della <a href="/wiki/Scolastica_(filosofia)" title="Scolastica (filosofia)">Scolastica</a> medievale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8" title="Averroè">Averroè</a> (1126 - 1198), filosofo arabo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a> (1120 ca. - 1210), <a href="/wiki/Trovatore" title="Trovatore">trovatore</a> provenzale</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_Papi_del_XII_secolo">I Papi del XII secolo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione I Papi del XII secolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: I Papi del XII secolo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il XII secolo ha visto succedersi ben 17 papi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pasquale_II" title="Papa Pasquale II">Pasquale II</a>: 1099-1118</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gelasio_II" title="Papa Gelasio II">Gelasio II</a>: 1118- 1119</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Callisto_II" title="Papa Callisto II">Callisto II</a>: 1119- 1124</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Onorio_II" title="Papa Onorio II">Onorio II</a>: 1124-1130</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenzo_II" title="Papa Innocenzo II">Innocenzo II</a>: 1130-1143</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celestino_II" title="Papa Celestino II">Celestino II</a>: 1143-1144</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lucio_II" title="Papa Lucio II">Lucio II</a>: 1144-1145</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eugenio_III" title="Papa Eugenio III">Eugenio III</a>: 1145-1153</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Anastasio_IV" title="Papa Anastasio IV">Anastasio IV</a>: 1153-1154</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Adriano_IV" title="Papa Adriano IV">Adriano IV</a>: 1154-1159, l'unico papa britannico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Alessandro_III" title="Papa Alessandro III">Alessandro III</a>: 1159-1181, in suo onore, nel 1168, venne fondata la città di <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Lucio_III" title="Papa Lucio III">Lucio III</a>: 1181-1185</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Urbano_III" title="Papa Urbano III">Urbano III</a>: 1185-1187</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregorio_VIII" title="Papa Gregorio VIII">Gregorio VIII</a>: 1187</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Clemente_III" title="Papa Clemente III">Clemente III</a>: 1187-1191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Celestino_III" title="Papa Celestino III">Celestino III</a>: 1191-1198</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenzo_III" title="Papa Innocenzo III">Innocenzo III</a>: 1198-1216</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letteratura">Letteratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Letteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Letteratura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c.1140: <a href="/wiki/Poema_del_mio_Cid" title="Poema del mio Cid">Poema del mio Cid</a>, poema epico spagnolo</li> <li>1180: viene redatto il poema nazionale georgiano: <a href="/wiki/Il_cavaliere_dalla_pelle_di_leopardo" title="Il cavaliere dalla pelle di leopardo">Il cavaliere dalla pelle di leopardo</a> ("Vepkhistkaosani" in georgiano), del poeta <a href="/wiki/Shota_Rustaveli" title="Shota Rustaveli">Shota Rustaveli</a> (c.1172-c.1216)</li> <li>fine del XII secolo: <a href="/wiki/Canto_della_schiera_di_Igor%27" title="Canto della schiera di Igor'">Canto della schiera di Igor'</a>, di autore anonimo, poema epico della letteratura russa e ucraina</li> <li>La poesia persiana si afferma con <a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami Ganjavi</a>, il poeta nazionale dell'<a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a></li> <li>la figura di <a href="/wiki/Ildegarda_di_Bingen" title="Ildegarda di Bingen">Ildegarda di Bingen</a> (1098-1179), religiosa e linguista tedesca, ideatrice di una delle prime lingue artificiale: la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">lingua ignota</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storia">Storia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1136: viene scritta in latino la <a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a>, da <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_di_Monmouth" title="Goffredo di Monmouth">Goffredo di Monmouth</a>, importante opera storiografica inglese</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religione">Religione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Religione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Religione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/Misticismo_cristiano" title="Misticismo cristiano">mistica medievale</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_di_Chiaravalle" title="Bernardo di Chiaravalle">Bernardo di Chiaravalle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ildegarda_di_Bingen" title="Ildegarda di Bingen">Ildegarda di Bingen</a></li> <li>Il <a href="/wiki/Mistica" title="Mistica">misticismo</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Fede" title="Fede">fede</a>: la <a href="/wiki/Scuola_di_San_Vittore" title="Scuola di San Vittore">scuola di San Vittore</a> (1108): <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_di_Champeaux" title="Guglielmo di Champeaux">Guglielmo di Champeaux</a> (il fondatore), <a href="/wiki/Ugo_di_San_Vittore" title="Ugo di San Vittore">Ugo di San Vittore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_di_San_Vittore" title="Riccardo di San Vittore">Riccardo di San Vittore</a></li> <li>1123: si tiene il <a href="/wiki/Concilio_Lateranense_I" title="Concilio Lateranense I">primo Concilio Lateranense</a>, convocato da <a href="/wiki/Papa_Callisto_II" title="Papa Callisto II">Papa Callisto II</a></li> <li>1174: il <a href="/wiki/Valdismo" title="Valdismo">valdismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: <a href="/wiki/Valdo_di_Lione" title="Valdo di Lione">Valdo di Lione</a> e la nascita della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_evangelica_valdese" title="Chiesa evangelica valdese">Chiesa evangelica valdese</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_maggiori_testi_religiosi_del_XII_secolo">I maggiori testi religiosi del XII secolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione I maggiori testi religiosi del XII secolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: I maggiori testi religiosi del XII secolo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1130-1141: <a href="/wiki/De_diligendo_Deo" title="De diligendo Deo">De diligendo Deo</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_di_Chiaravalle" title="Bernardo di Chiaravalle">Bernardo di Chiaravalle</a></li> <li>1136-1141: <a href="/wiki/De_sacramentis_christianae_fidei" title="De sacramentis christianae fidei">De sacramentis christianae fidei</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ugo_di_San_Vittore" title="Ugo di San Vittore">Ugo di San Vittore</a></li> <li>1152: <a href="/wiki/Scivias" title="Scivias">Scivias</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ildegarda_di_Bingen" title="Ildegarda di Bingen">Ildegarda di Bingen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofia">Filosofia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Filosofia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Filosofia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>La filosofia <a href="/wiki/Scolastica_(filosofia)" title="Scolastica (filosofia)">scolastica</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Concettualismo" title="Concettualismo">concettualismo</a> nel XII secolo: <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Abelardo" title="Pietro Abelardo">Pietro Abelardo</a>, autore dell'opera <a href="/wiki/Sic_et_non" title="Sic et non">Sic et non</a> (1121)</li> <li>La filosofia <a href="/wiki/Scolastica_(filosofia)" title="Scolastica (filosofia)">scolastica</a>: la <a href="/wiki/Disputa_sugli_universali" title="Disputa sugli universali">disputa sugli universali</a>: <a href="/wiki/Realismo_(filosofia)" title="Realismo (filosofia)">realismo</a>, cui principali esponenti furono <a href="/wiki/Anselmo_d%27Aosta" title="Anselmo d'Aosta">Anselmo d'Aosta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_di_Champeaux" title="Guglielmo di Champeaux">Guglielmo di Champeaux</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Nominalismo" title="Nominalismo">nominalismo</a>, cui importante esponente fu <a href="/wiki/Roscellino_di_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Roscellino di Compiègne"> Roscellino</a></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_islamica" title="Filosofia islamica">filosofia islamica</a> nel XII secolo: <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8" title="Averroè">Averroè</a> (1126-1198) e il filosofo persiano <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a>, autore del libro <a href="/wiki/La_rinascita_delle_scienze_religiose" title="La rinascita delle scienze religiose">La rinascita delle scienze religiose</a> (inizi del XII secolo)</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_ebraica" title="Filosofia ebraica">filosofia ebraica</a> nel XII secolo: <a href="/wiki/Mos%C3%A8_Maimonide" title="Mosè Maimonide">Mosè Maimonide</a>, autore,tra l'altro, della <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a> (c.1170-1180)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diritto">Diritto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Diritto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Diritto"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>c.1188: <a href="/wiki/Tractatus_de_legibus_et_consuetudinibus_regni_Angliae" title="Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae">Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Glanvill" title="Ranulf de Glanvill">Ranulf de Glanvill</a>, è considerato il primo trattato sul diritto anglosassone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Università_nel_XII_secolo"><span id="Universit.C3.A0_nel_XII_secolo"></span>Università nel XII secolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Università nel XII secolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Università nel XII secolo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0" title="Università">università</a> si diffonde in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></li> <li>1175: viene fondata l' <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Modena_e_Reggio_Emilia" title="Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia">Università di Modena</a>, con la chiamata da <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> del giurista italiano <a href="/wiki/Pillio_da_Medicina" title="Pillio da Medicina">Pillio da Medicina</a></li> <li>1188: viene istituita l' <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Modena_e_Reggio_Emilia" title="Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia">Università di Reggio Emilia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architettura">Architettura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Architettura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Architettura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1106: viene consacrato da <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pasquale_II" title="Papa Pasquale II">Papa Pasquale II</a> il <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Parma" title="Duomo di Parma">Duomo di Parma</a>, in stile <a href="/wiki/Architettura_romanica" title="Architettura romanica">romanico</a></li> <li>20 maggio 1120: viene consacrato da <a href="/wiki/Papa_Callisto_II" title="Papa Callisto II">Papa Callisto II</a> il <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Volterra" title="Duomo di Volterra">Duomo di Volterra</a>, in stile <a href="/wiki/Architettura_romanica" title="Architettura romanica">romanico</a></li> <li>1122: consacrazione da parte di <a href="/wiki/Papa_Callisto_II" title="Papa Callisto II">Papa Callisto II</a> della <a href="/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Catanzaro" title="Cattedrale di Catanzaro">Cattedrale di Catanzaro</a></li> <li>1122: inizio della costruzione del <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Piacenza" title="Duomo di Piacenza">Duomo di Piacenza</a>, tra i monumenti più noti del <a href="/wiki/Romanico_lombardo" title="Romanico lombardo">romanico lombardo</a></li> <li>9 agosto 1173: iniziano i lavori per la costruzione della <a href="/wiki/Torre_di_Pisa" title="Torre di Pisa">Torre di Pisa</a></li> <li>1198: viene consacrato da <a href="/wiki/Papa_Innocenzo_III" title="Papa Innocenzo III">Papa Innocenzo III</a> il <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Spoleto" title="Duomo di Spoleto">Duomo di Spoleto</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicina">Medicina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Medicina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Medicina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In campo medico si assiste anche a importanti progressi nel campo della <a href="/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia">Chirurgia</a>, in Italia con <a href="/wiki/Rogerio_Frugardi" title="Rogerio Frugardi">Rogerio Frugardi</a>, autore della <i>Practica Chirurgiae</i> (c. 1180) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nascita_di_nuove_città"><span id="Nascita_di_nuove_citt.C3.A0"></span>Nascita di nuove città</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Nascita di nuove città" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Nascita di nuove città"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_maggio" title="15 maggio">15 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1116" title="1116">1116</a>: nasce il <a href="/wiki/Comune_di_Bologna" title="Comune di Bologna">Comune di Bologna</a> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_agosto" title="29 agosto">29 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a>: nasce il Comune di <a href="/wiki/Macerata" title="Macerata">Macerata</a> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1147: prima attestazione storica sull'esistenza della città di <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a>, capitale della <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_agosto" title="3 agosto">3 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1158" title="1158">1158</a>: viene fondata la città di <a href="/wiki/Lodi" title="Lodi">Lodi</a>, in Lombardia, dall'imperatore <a href="/wiki/Federico_Barbarossa" title="Federico Barbarossa">Federico Barbarossa</a></li> <li>1158: è fondata <a href="/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" title="Monaco di Baviera">Monaco di Baviera</a>, tra le più celebri <a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_della_Germania" title="Città della Germania">città della Germania</a></li> <li>1167: è fondata <a href="/wiki/Copenaghen" title="Copenaghen">Copenaghen</a>, oggi capitale della <a href="/wiki/Danimarca" title="Danimarca">Danimarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_maggio" title="3 maggio">3 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a>: data di fondazione da parte della <a href="/wiki/Lega_Lombarda" title="Lega Lombarda">Lega Lombarda</a> della città di <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, in Piemonte, chiamata così in onore di <a href="/wiki/Papa_Alessandro_III" title="Papa Alessandro III">Papa Alessandro III</a></li> <li>1191: è fondata <a href="/wiki/Berna" title="Berna">Berna</a>, oggi capitale della <a href="/wiki/Svizzera" title="Svizzera">Svizzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_giugno" title="23 giugno">23 giugno</a> <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: viene fondata la città di <a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_millecento" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/millecento"><span style="font-style:italic;">millecènto</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_cento" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/cento"><span style="font-style:italic;">cènto</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cita-Grillo-2010-pp157-163-3"><a href="#cite_ref-cita-Grillo-2010-pp157-163_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGrillo,_2010">Grillo, 2010</a>, pp. 157-163</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nev.it/nev/2024/03/20/850-anni-del-movimento-valdese-tutto-quello-che-ce-da-sapere/">https://www.nev.it/nev/2024/03/20/850-anni-del-movimento-valdese-tutto-quello-che-ce-da-sapere/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bolognatoday.it/cronaca/15-maggio-comune-bologna-1116-enrico-diploma.html">https://www.bolognatoday.it/cronaca/15-maggio-comune-bologna-1116-enrico-diploma.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.larucola.org/2012/04/04/la-storia-di-macerata-a-piccole-dosi-quarta-puntata/">https://www.larucola.org/2012/04/04/la-storia-di-macerata-a-piccole-dosi-quarta-puntata/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.alessandria24.com/2020/05/02/inizio-tutto-il-3-maggio-1168/">https://www.alessandria24.com/2020/05/02/inizio-tutto-il-3-maggio-1168/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cuneodice.it/cultura/cuneo-e-valli/perche-il-23-giugno-e-il-compleanno-della-citta-di-cuneo_27140.html">https://www.cuneodice.it/cultura/cuneo-e-valli/perche-il-23-giugno-e-il-compleanno-della-citta-di-cuneo_27140.html</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGrillo,_2010" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Grillo, <span style="font-style:italic;">Legnano 1176. Una battaglia per la libertà</span>, Laterza, 2010, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-420-9243-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-420-9243-8">978-88-420-9243-8</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XII_secolo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:12th century"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:12th_century?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:12th_century?uselang=it">XII secolo</a></span></b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85139013">sh85139013</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11994078m">cb11994078m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11994078m">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558421905171">987007558421905171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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