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FDA Expands Approval of Brentuximab for Hodgkin Lymphoma - NCI
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cgdp-page-options--top" aria-label="Page options top"> <button class="usa-button usa-button--unstyled" onclick="window.print()"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" class="usa-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/> <path d="M19 8H5c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3v6h4v4h12v-4h4v-6c0-1.66-1.34-3-3-3zm-3 11H8v-5h8v5zm3-7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm-1-9H6v4h12V3z"/> </svg> <span class="usa-sr-only"> Print </span> </button> <a class="usa-button usa-button--unstyled" href="mailto:?subject=Information from the National Cancer Institute Web Site &body=I found this information on www.cancer.gov and I'd like to share it with you: https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/brentuximab-fda-expanded-indication-hodgkin-lymphoma %0D%0A%0D%0A NCI's Web site, www.cancer.gov, provides accurate, up-to-date, comprehensive cancer information from the U.S. government's principal 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If you have questions or need additional information, we invite you to contact NCI's LiveHelp instant messaging service at https://livehelp.cancer.gov, or call the NCI's Contact Center 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) (toll-free from the United States)."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" class="usa-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/> <path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z"/> </svg> <span class="usa-sr-only"> Email </span> </a> </section> </div> </div> <div id="page" class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <!-- ********************************* BEGIN Main Blog Page Layout Region ********************************** --> <div class="cgdpl desktop:grid-col-9"> <main id="main-content" class="contentzone"> <div> <!-- ********************************* BEGIN Blog Post Page Full Content ********************************** --> <article> <div class="resize-content"> <h1> Brentuximab Approved for Initial Treatment of Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma </h1> <div id="nvcgSubTitle"> <div class="subscribeRSS"> <a class="blogRSS" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNCI/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIHNCI_38"><span>Subscribe</span></a> </div> </div> <div id="cgvBody" class="cgvblogpost"> <p class="blog-post-publishing-info"> <time datetime="2018-04-17T12:00:00Z">April 17, 2018</time>, by NCI Staff </p> <div data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.image_display_article_medium" class="embedded-entity align-right"> <figure class="image-medium centered-set"> <div class="centered-element"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/xnrzdm211/files/styles/cgov_article/public/cgov_image/media_image/100/100/4/files/lymphoma-hodgkin-adult-stage-3-enlarge.jpg?h=3227576c&itok=g42PpnsO" width="970" height="1025" alt="Illustration of Stage III Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma. The image shows the human body with a focus on the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes, vessels, the diaphragm, and spleen are highlighted. Cancerous lymphoma cells are present in lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm. An inset on the left provides a close-up of a lymph node, showing lymphoma cells, arteries, and veins." /> <a href="/sites/g/files/xnrzdm211/files/styles/cgov_enlarged/public/cgov_image/media_image/100/100/4/files/lymphoma-hodgkin-adult-stage-3-enlarge.jpg?h=3227576c&itok=LcGMkzle" target="_blank" class="article-image-enlarge no-resize" >Enlarge</a> </div> <figcaption> <div class="caption-container no-resize"> <p>Anatomical illustration of lymphoma.</p> <div class="image-photo-credit">Credit: © Terese Winslow</div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="blog-intro-text"> <p><strong>UPDATE</strong>: Long-term follow-up results from the ECHELON-1 trial were published July 28, 2022, in the <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>. The preliminary results, described in the story below, showed that people with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma who received the targeted drug brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) plus three chemotherapy drugs lived longer without their disease returning or getting worse than people who received the standard combination of four chemotherapy drugs.</p> <p>The updated results show that 6 years after treatment, more people who received the brentuximab combination were alive (94%) than those who received standard chemotherapy (89%) and were less likely to need additional therapies, including a stem cell transplant.</p></div> <p>The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the approved uses for the drug <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ac226966-46fc-4fe0-8aca-129b4410bb58" href="/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/brentuximabvedotin">brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris)</a> in people with Hodgkin lymphoma. Under the new approval, announced on March 20, brentuximab can be used in combination with three other chemotherapy drugs as an initial, or first-line, treatment in patients with advanced disease.</p> <p>The approval was based on results from a phase 3 clinical trial called ECHELON-1. In the trial, patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who were treated with brentuximab and the chemotherapy drugs <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/doxorubicinhydrochloride">doxorubicin</a>, <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/vinblastinesulfate">vinblastine</a>, and <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/dacarbazine">dacarbazine</a> (AVD)—together called A+AVD—had a modest improvement in <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819601/">how long they lived without their cancer progressing</a> (progression-free survival) compared with patients who received the current standard therapy.</p> <p>Current standard therapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma consists of four chemotherapy drugs: AVD plus the drug <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f1ffeb4b-49f9-4a02-989b-00bce91b5ca0" href="/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/bleomycin">bleomycin (ABVD)</a>. Bleomycin can have serious side effects, including damage to the lungs, explained Christopher Melani, M.D., of NCI’s <a href="https://ccr.cancer.gov">Center for Cancer Research</a>.</p> <p>“The lung toxicity from bleomycin is a feared side effect of the drug, especially for older patients, who are at higher risk of developing this complication,” said Dr. Melani. Therefore, the approval of A+AVD offers an important treatment alternative for patients who may be unable to tolerate bleomycin, he commented.</p> <h2>Targeting Lymphoma Cells</h2> <p>ABVD is effective and has for decades been the most commonly used treatment regimen for adult patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma. Almost three-quarters of patients with advanced disease who receive first-line treatment with ABVD will be cured.</p> <p>Brentuximab is a type of drug called an antibody–drug conjugate. The antibody part of the drug recognizes a protein called CD30, which is found on classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells (called Reed-Sternberg cells). When the antibody binds to these cancer cells, it delivers the drug portion of brentuximab: a toxin that clogs up the machinery of cell division, leading to cell death.</p> <p>Since brentuximab is directed specifically at cancer cells that express CD30, researchers hoped that it might be less toxic than bleomycin, which can kill any type of dividing cell, including those in the lungs.</p> <p>Brentuximab had previously been approved by FDA to treat patients with Hodgkin lymphoma whose disease has not gotten better after a stem cell transplant or, in people who cannot have a transplant, after two or more treatments with combination chemotherapy.</p> <p>Unlike most cancers, Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often in younger people than older people. The ECHELON-1 trial enrolled 1,334 patients from 21 countries, with an average age of 36. However, 14% of participants were age 60 or older. The trial was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals and Seattle Genetics, the makers of brentuximab.</p> <p>The participants were randomly assigned to receive either standard therapy or the brentuximab combination. The primary endpoint of the trial was a modified form of progression-free survival (defined as time to disease progression, death, or an incomplete response to treatment followed by additional cancer therapy).</p> <h2>Less Lung Damage with Brentuximab</h2> <p>After a median follow-up of about 2 years, modified progression-free survival was higher in the brentuximab group than in the standard therapy group (82% versus 77%).</p> <p>Patients treated with brentuximab also had a 27% reduced risk of dying during treatment or the study’s follow-up period.</p> <p>Although the improvement in modified progression-free survival was modest given the small number of patients who progressed or died overall, Dr. Melani commented, brentuximab with AVD was associated with substantially less lung toxicity.</p> <p>In particular, lung damage occurred in 2% of the brentuximab group, compared with 7% of the standard therapy group. None of the nine deaths that occurred during treatment in the brentuximab group were due to lung damage, whereas lung damage caused 11 of the 13 deaths in the standard therapy group.</p> <p>Peripheral neuropathy occurred in more patients in the brentuximab group than in the standard therapy group (67% versus 43%). However, the majority of cases were not severe and most patients saw their neuropathy lessen or disappear after treatment ended.</p> <h2>A Viable Option for Hodgkin Lymphoma</h2> <p>Longer follow-up will be required to determine whether the improved efficacy is maintained over time and to rule out late side effects, wrote Dan Longo, M.D., of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Vincent DeVita, Jr., M.D., of the Yale Cancer Center, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29224505">in an editorial that accompanied the ECHELON-1 results</a>. Nevertheless, they continued, “it appears that the addition of brentuximab vedotin to AVD … merits consideration as first-line treatment for advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma.”</p> <p>For younger patients with newly-diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma and without lung disease, ABVD will likely remain the standard of care for now, said Dr. Melani.</p> <p>“Most young patients do well with ABVD, and there’s ample prior experience with this regimen,” he said. Standard therapy with ABVD may also be a better treatment option for patients with pre-existing peripheral neuropathy or low blood counts who may not tolerate the addition of brentuximab, he added.</p> <p>But for older patients or those with pre-existing lung disease, Dr. Melani said that the approval of the brentuximab combination “is already affecting treatment decisions in the clinic.”</p> </div> </div> <footer class="article-footer"> <div id="nvcgRelatedResourcesArea"> <div> <aside class="related-resources list"> <h2 class="related-resources__heading">Related Resources</h2> <ul> <li class="general-list-item general list-item title-only"> <div class="title-and-desc title desc container"> <a class="title" href="/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq">Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version</a> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div> <div id='cgov-blog-post-pagination' class='clearfix'> <div class='blog-post-older'> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/sharpless-nci-focus-areas">< Older Post</a> <p><i>Advancing Patient Care Through Focused Innovation</i></p> </div> <div class='blog-post-newer'> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2018/nci-pdmr-cancer-research-models">Newer Post ></a> <p><i>NCI Expands Repository of Cancer Research Models: A Conversation with Drs. 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class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=08"> August </a> (6) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=07"> July </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=06"> June </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=05"> May </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=04"> April </a> (8) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=03"> March </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=02"> February </a> (5) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2021&month=01"> January </a> (6) </li> </ul> <h3> 2020 </h3> <ul class="ui-helper-reset"> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2020&month=12"> December </a> (7) </li> <li 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href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2020&month=02"> February </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2020&month=01"> January </a> (7) </li> </ul> <h3> 2019 </h3> <ul class="ui-helper-reset"> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=12"> December </a> (6) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=11"> November </a> (7) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=10"> October </a> (8) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=09"> September </a> (8) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=08"> August </a> (6) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=07"> July </a> (8) </li> <li class="month"> <a href="/news-events/cancer-currents-blog?year=2019&month=06"> June </a> (6) </li> <li class="month"> 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