CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f17a38ce4bc2',cH: 'PrgvPoQE0_PNPWY92gWe8mJ3KHTYkSFPdQ8WoOYpDII-1739786561-1.2.1.1-5rJOT9ZJG6irUpKCLahXd8iQwWYvqyOVEBjbNlhan4WBwd3poHx7B5mfWYLKTv7r',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=default&__cf_chl_tk=K3Qvy0f_D5hxxfWJzft8yXDXGVK.AFiXCeg3nDY9lgA-1739786561-1.0.1.1-UVaFhiNSiuI5mqae80l8s_xMh6HewrAo4V3cS7Ty1L4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786561',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=default&__cf_chl_f_tk=K3Qvy0f_D5hxxfWJzft8yXDXGVK.AFiXCeg3nDY9lgA-1739786561-1.0.1.1-UVaFhiNSiuI5mqae80l8s_xMh6HewrAo4V3cS7Ty1L4",md: "nMnwRG4fACh4dE3Jr0kkjOuyfgQUN.UL9IAwUwCiKn0-1739786561-1.2.1.1-HX9CnuThXY.tYOSqjj0GsDSpe2eVSv86xvzhjEkg_WLgQTGSsTPOp62RiQckFmou0hVNYSbpuOri00P7fFSmo7XVwzlGiO7SvHUz8DfY.tcpLUwrv31WDEKE33SWQTzScHRZ8zXE7OSp1Wdxy01lJ1b4_JoFY66Z0zKtjbGoEyfgDasbjb_a3tU4P1NVNg6d0vL3t8zbxb9huir3hp7J5ql16RcGMTkCdju95Alj9.0AoPszV7u.syY3XANdyAJTe4E3og5Uoh4jOxQZxp5tuqE44UfBQ6zDrgebnhD57inUIEN6F_0b5Edz6t8BWAjIYNstWqi0zf63MXxm2mILsS6_XQfEpXas978SK9t_Y0pqTNJ144o6Hdt0XuZ_QdWfKPhKg5tAPghloY8EYyazAT2oMgFR9qgVMaU9B.k6cwRjelndNYWv8j.W5443Qz17Fkh7TI8WMjWBgUXaDMIIkcFuYS6g32P1NQNAnbbRcBS0RKLMj5PqnHP37Aeuh2ttXaWBFyLdyBX_WBtRKu681uOSAgiygv85t10mFzeAnTkNAKJz0wT7kI0jnzo5zn4xLz2mCGI8PmwA2LO2SPnFG88poPYJa4.Jzt5PbTn1IFfMrMLBVsmjqQbMz8PefIfDrykhjXyt6.S_WVjbW9KEPCtkGmzICU5ZIJ9VZGhaHf266thz5tr8P1s1sFbjgsqnrjZwjSPLlXld3TTod781sm3MXKNB9yfjoQLXpYy0WeVVD0ewQ3PVynSMX4gJQNLKVz8Z69sWC110OTk8_6t8w1Vzq5SGszjSPBeve3qB8qMe6e50BAqryVKoArq0sJyNzL2uoERh4LQHQAReUMQ7VdFMoZK5aU1YUQT8pvc2Zu84yXl9jcJ_XxYAOXjpoBLbPzvTB0RXjS_fuPAfpKXbvmxEzUlRKZXhvKWpHK3jhj6_gPHvmRG0AZ5E7slzTweSfjYpk1OIh15pQSw8ZXezA5B5aJDhndHZReK99mvpQ_VN3o3ybVL.ssxltGj7UaXqumKcNiyhq73Sp8Bw3GciTzTWDyGFTs3T92A7T7Op2pp8ZACvP1cPemTO5AK8RlOStZR_UdVOQ.Bzdd3A7eWuhvHku4NeSQ5H35WBITXr2CFi0cJTmuayn8n7pjowy1Q8DZi.rDETLKJAs8GPFHElA1JGVhRnFw0cF4as6bsGjmbXU0KdPHhxzHYbtlJjfe69eD5Xf6UX235ZBURdzGktGGKO0_NZnriKjhnG3goKvWcbBHeF1qOckUxFx2j8wCSVpUuIeutAVvKTHICBtsyhOA1I4eVQ9YWnQPFmsPnU.FvH03Ahy6UindKNywYMzwjnSm4VkfVT8.1kI3uQC2McWcm8cae_gTxGT9ywcDbd.YVNLmQwJ4riGmNHO4lyVzMooqOouowwJypUfFQoyIuQbUwcAQcQEzmMIOHTuvIf30lWiQCZh01QgHj0nmWqaWhundbnRGBmbJUJb_MnlI94v617WVzwTp9Z4.d.4VcApXm5_OBUScwb7OyIGizdj6GsINxfPNnuHWeF9PUPwgRQnC5YHNfeEo2To5wNV7wyMwsK5K7V8gAcMiH4U98yCvvKvaZVxHkNLqjTHjv5rdT2oRO8EK7D_Zy5NL0krjbXKKiukhBCeHfSCWSW53QBaqzJg1cBCjJKEx22T8.TJgL_Z1xYCfJyOTcOUikk1AowUuicczupu17vz4WaZZ4Q_7Vo8CDGz1yEuxyyyPqGCuvWIqQNTu4W.mjNQlA0fsxfxrvvuSHfs6uGWT1i3MAqevgfmPQRJxpi0caitbEf1SPTpmqxJbiEy3z6a57e1RAfAp2AhXkPK3toPzca0XebAqahR5r5n8hivwgLgY1fNSE_VS3azgHLOyGzomGF6nX0o.4L9z8WLWHMvSaBUCINB5dsORMTt3xG1Ev6rFMzST.mHw",mdrd: "_sY98jcDabhJ695rNVC1MGgZklLVbo5Hq1B8C9dgSyQ-1739786561-1.2.1.1-Jg2yZQd1R3oAM68kO8b6cRGYsPkzV3kcvHLDpsLu_ZCk__7l5S3nDd5nUsoLQ3sOXHdWP4lng_DdFBVTeBE_8hLohA1EE43UmNCkbq4xc10oVnUrnqV.fjQ1z_KWqARgmqiwv2tOJsultlnCmAN3rY3zKghZCyIfNnJ4Bqx2pcFK9oIRtupQ.Y8Iwtjqn2UZOMlaDIBuo2OAknmv8bG6JpvoGhsxJzmcBecQ3BY2QoY2794CuhcCoaHHBUuY3YtRo3SG9i2qSiYgHozit.7AmRuzSQXAco0jzFuTAOG7ctTgBJZlFxSJ5GLk5iVRC5crJ_ZMRL1Fvvhuiuf59IieG2beUJBbEzjG1lT89z6pcsxMKCNHbrFuZMXsZsynzI2jPsSCIzadWAtyPAh8aFzB13kyDUxscrz6nmphal1G2q9WWc.KaouJh3Yo9JhKcyJFDcQGYOn8FV6pCSD2JDG8.26S1GXqaySxL6rB9xvA2n3sjDnI7SGrXAL6j5yxhgp_mT.PpDHQNZgwjPrJKERxLPGyYMnug1gVcBCDKPGkW6hcRfK_7tVssAHRVed9hpRjUD2GnZYTaB1sPnjeX2ub6keUrm.2klfRsOsIAezvDekk5mqxLiZBoQi7K.vKUuQz3QKNZ98MeW1KHah5BDv8E3c6B_k1ZXXHN4HDaeNtI9HeuU0yf29T.p3GAOB5BZwaZ.XLYZPIBaf.lgNgbGDScnvGUXy_ZS1WrdLs4Levz0CE7TgKz7mCvHKsjfeWLNs6CQ4cdmWi5WuHBSOYYVuDdXlvMJiipPY3AVweIqMHzeZoG.4r5BINER1ru4natYcH1D.JS0Dgl_iiwStl8uvMgTfhWOxXnEglC0RkLxfl112SEZ1n9leTjz8Nkq61C2gyJ2IAD8iNcVcrrqvD_thpwI.u6TvPn9DM6Jg1niwoA6aVY8B_C4LnFTyo9V11wTdshN5k5Dpvus_XGqZ5uGqK6VShiJkkdStoOayMjIhEJHZC1ncHs_tbDxIcdVt4DUO5AegzSVXREj.lxc0W81t.B.3M6FrVWFatCQA9gQ0QljAtTKj00msaOP8.A2fl7qPUdotBZHMEkof.36L_gSHNS3TY6Hv7oHpN7UjTr4lkxFDSCZG061Z1jYqkqQZ0Rorxdc0KlPrLiWVpidij07UJ4TrhEeB.TxnPn_C6oM9sDmPw.tEgBx1yq1arx_5sjY_y1OFHr91N3cNAAT8gG9SS12hj8PGlZvYn2J8NXiMgwoe5dTU3zyFK15fdyJ.ID6N0DYH2rJe3GvPJ3EjqLA8ppUIO.cnedPcOJWfBd_5gGrHUNAvClJrDcHjV5c.WP59bRAUf3ACA7EYIZ1WlG.6QAGtYir8eBzsaF3nqqMoZ1dvEyhgR5zecxhfCYnH2Waw_mTMwLzdwrGQzWLP1OS6WDjNtss4zCW4M.4nW4VCQNuPSv.j6tQ_ztxw9H1MoV_qVYzryx4IBR7xfqj9JT.HwSr3OzCfyYvC.e6DfR_oxT21OMqFRYLkCzmETpODwDUrCi8iv2uqLXtxftvy9CY27PqsP0YYDqDWGyMxX16cDgIbIOBRaJk1RhnXTAKOE0ZmCnPP95uBEcq6dAQH2dFGggqo4o_3Do_cPvIh9GU.W3TNFfApzcT6_2J3YsXspF4BL0osP4IGR82PmKlh_aDWkVm5UEMDkjmJNAmX7gpPrviwg9HvMLTQJGQYd6KlkJT6_DoYsBVc80Ss4gXOsdfqbFzIfIZbgJvS1x2ksHWsljEQCXkxEWzvLsnCXD3o103wVJ4zsupaPREL8A81bpvwfvloIIUg29AhcTRVz5G2EOGFfCWkifaJeFOpD69cOyoT.83imw2xmo0lBEVc9PRrlSAjfnWf68dEYhIN.GHC6zhWrtY365kW_KNnCPM8o_HoAyW5ocwerrdDnKyKFZ845NA0DNSruTwsz54zngEhxJtYc2V0WmGPL2BRvhrc6cL69bIuwSPC5Oj0CKWTlKRmNdw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f17a38ce4bc2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=default&__cf_chl_rt_tk=K3Qvy0f_D5hxxfWJzft8yXDXGVK.AFiXCeg3nDY9lgA-1739786561-1.0.1.1-UVaFhiNSiuI5mqae80l8s_xMh6HewrAo4V3cS7Ty1L4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>