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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chickens subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chickens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cockfighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cockfighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cockfighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cockfighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ducks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ducks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ducks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ducks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Goose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkeys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkeys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Turkeys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkeys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_poultry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_poultry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other poultry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_poultry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poultry_farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poultry_farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Poultry farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poultry_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poultry_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poultry_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Poultry shows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poultry_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poultry_as_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poultry_as_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Poultry as food</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Poultry_as_food-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Poultry as food subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Poultry_as_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuts_of_poultry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuts_of_poultry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Cuts of poultry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuts_of_poultry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_disease_(humans)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_disease_(humans)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Health and disease (humans)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_disease_(humans)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poultry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluimvee" title="Pluimvee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pluimvee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%86" title="دواجن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دواجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave_de_corrolada" title="Ave de corrolada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ave de corrolada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF" title="গৃহপালিত পাখি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গৃহপালিত পাখি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke-ah" title="Ke-ah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ke-ah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Йорт ҡоштары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йорт ҡоштары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87a_perad" title="Domaća perad – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Domaća perad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviram" title="Aviram – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aviram" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD_dr%C5%AFbe%C5%BE" title="Domácí drůbež – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Domácí drůbež" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dofednod" title="Dofednod – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dofednod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjerkr%C3%A6" title="Fjerkræ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fjerkræ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefl%C3%BCgel" title="Geflügel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geflügel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodulind" title="Kodulind – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kodulind" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Πουλερικά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πουλερικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave_de_corral" title="Ave de corral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ave de corral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortobirdo" title="Kortobirdo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kortobirdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etxeko_hegazti" title="Etxeko hegazti – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etxeko hegazti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ماکیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volaille" title="Volaille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volaille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomfee" title="Plomfee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Plomfee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ineoil" title="Éineoil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éineoil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave_de_curral" title="Ave de curral – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ave de curral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B8%88" title="가금 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%BC%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ընտանի թռչուններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընտանի թռչուններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F" title="कुक्कुट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुक्कुट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perad" title="Perad – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pultro" title="Pultro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pultro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebe_a_na-az%E1%BB%A5_%E1%BB%8Dkuk%E1%BB%8D" title="Ebe a na-azụ ọkukọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ebe a na-azụ ọkukọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unggas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollame" title="Pollame – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pollame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Unggas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Үй құстары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үй құстары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volay" title="Volay – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Volay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves_cohortales" title="Aves cohortales – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aves cohortales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81jputni" title="Mājputni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mājputni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1tiena" title="Paukštiena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukštiena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baromfi" title="Baromfi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baromfi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Живина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Живина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoho_amam-borona" title="Akoho amam-borona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Akoho amam-borona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F" title="कुक्कुट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुक्कुट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggeh" title="Unggeh – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Unggeh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကြက်ငှက်မွေးမြူခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြက်ငှက်မွေးမြူခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluimvee" title="Pluimvee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluimvee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="家禽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%A6rkre" title="Fjærkre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fjærkre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B8rfe" title="Fjørfe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fjørfe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%A8" title="କୁକୁଡ଼ା ପାଳନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୁକୁଡ଼ା ପାଳନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੋਲਟਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲਟਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B3b" title="Drób – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drób" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave_de_capoeira" title="Ave de capoeira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ave de capoeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83s%C4%83ri_de_curte" title="Păsări de curte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Păsări de curte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Домашние птицы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домашние птицы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shpez%C3%ABt" title="Shpezët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poultry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydina_(vt%C3%A1ctvo)" title="Hydina (vtáctvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydina (vtáctvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perutnina" title="Perutnina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perutnina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Живина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivina" title="Živina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siipikarja" title="Siipikarja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siipikarja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%A4derf%C3%A4" title="Fjäderfä – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fjäderfä" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltri" title="Poltri – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Poltri" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கோழியின வளர்ப்புப் பறவைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோழியின வளர்ப்புப் பறவைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwuza%E1%B9%AD" title="Iwuzaṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iwuzaṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кошчылык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кошчылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCmes_hayvanlar%C4%B1" title="Kümes hayvanları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kümes hayvanları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%9F%C3%A7ulyk" title="Guşçulyk – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Guşçulyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Свійські птахи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свійські птахи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia_c%E1%BA%A7m" title="Gia cầm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gia cầm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poytreye" title="Poytreye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Poytreye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%BD" title="禽 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="禽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltri" title="Poltri – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Poltri" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="家禽" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עופות – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עופות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="家禽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1tiena" title="Paukštiena – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Paukštiena" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD" title="家禽 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="家禽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178559#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, meat, or feathers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Poultry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Poultry (disambiguation)">Poultry (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poultry_of_the_world.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Poultry_of_the_world.jpg/330px-Poultry_of_the_world.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Poultry_of_the_world.jpg/500px-Poultry_of_the_world.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Poultry_of_the_world.jpg/960px-Poultry_of_the_world.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5749" data-file-height="7104" /></a><figcaption>Poultry of the world (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1868</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Poultry</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are <a href="/wiki/Domesticated" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated">domesticated</a> birds kept by <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> for the purpose of harvesting <a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">animal products</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">eggs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">feathers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">raising</a> poultry is known as <a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">poultry farming</a>. These birds are most typically members of the superorder <a href="/wiki/Galloanserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloanserae">Galloanserae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowl</a>), especially the order <a href="/wiki/Galliformes" title="Galliformes">Galliformes</a> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quails</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_turkey" title="Domestic turkey">turkeys</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term also includes <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowls</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">Anatidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">geese</a>) but does not include wild birds hunted for food known as <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">game</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wild_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild meat">quarry</a>. </p><p>Recent <a href="/wiki/Genomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomic">genomic</a> studies involving the four extant <a href="/wiki/Junglefowl" title="Junglefowl">junglefowl</a> species reveals that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was previously believed to have occurred around 5,400 years ago, also in Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process may have originally occurred as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in <a href="/wiki/Captivity_(animal)" title="Captivity (animal)">captivity</a>. Domesticated chickens may have been used for <a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">cockfighting</a> at first<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and quail kept for their songs, but people soon realised the advantages of having a captive-bred source of food. Selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place over the centuries, and modern <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breeds</a> often look very different from their wild ancestors. Although some birds are still kept in small flocks in extensive systems, most birds available in the market today are reared in intensive commercial enterprises. </p><p>Together with <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, poultry is one of the two most widely-eaten types of meat globally, with over 70% of the meat supply in 2012 between them;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poultry provides nutritionally beneficial food containing high-quality protein accompanied by a low proportion of fat. All poultry meat should be properly handled and sufficiently cooked in order to reduce the risk of <a href="/wiki/Food_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Food poisoning">food poisoning</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semi-vegetarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-vegetarianism">Semi-vegetarians</a> who consume poultry as the only source of meat are said to adhere to <a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">pollotarianism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "poultry" comes from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>pultry</i> or <i>pultrie</i>, itself derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>/<a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a> word <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">pouletrie</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-AH_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term for an immature poultry, <a href="/wiki/Pullet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullet">pullet</a>, like its <a href="/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)" title="Doublet (linguistics)">doublet</a> <i>poult</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comes from Middle English <i>pulet</i> and Old French <i>polet</i>, both from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>pullus</i>, meaning a young fowl or young animal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "fowl" is of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic language">Germanic</a> origin (cf. <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>Fugol</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Vogel</i>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> <i>Fugl</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Poultry" is a term used for any kind of <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (<a href="/wiki/Galliformes" title="Galliformes">Galliformes</a>) and waterfowl (<a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a>) but not to <a href="/wiki/Cagebirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagebirds">cagebirds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Songbirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Songbirds">songbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parrots" class="mw-redirect" title="Parrots">parrots</a>. "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food.<sup id="cite_ref-AH_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In R. D. Crawford's <i>Poultry breeding and genetics</i>, squabs are omitted but <a href="/wiki/Japanese_quail" title="Japanese quail">Japanese quail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">common pheasant</a> are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1848 classic book on poultry, <i>Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management</i>, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the <a href="/wiki/Peafowl" title="Peafowl">peafowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea_fowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea fowl">guinea fowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mute_swan" title="Mute swan">mute swan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkey</a>, various types of <a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">geese</a>, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (<i>Gallus gallus</i>), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the meat of these when eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bird </th> <th>Wild ancestor </th> <th>Domestication </th> <th>Utilization </th> <th>Picture </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Chicken</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">Red junglefowl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> </td> <td>Eggs and meat </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg/120px-Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg/180px-Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg/240px-Male_and_female_chicken_sitting_together.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_turkey" title="Domestic turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">Wild turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>Meat </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronzepute_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bronzepute_04.jpg/120px-Bronzepute_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bronzepute_04.jpg/180px-Bronzepute_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bronzepute_04.jpg/240px-Bronzepute_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2061" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_quail" title="Domesticated quail">Domesticated quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">Quail</a> </td> <td>Various </td> <td>Eggs and meat </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG/120px-3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG/180px-3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG/240px-3_Japanese_quails_less_than_1_year_old.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_duck" title="Domestic duck">Duck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">Mallard</a> </td> <td>Various </td> <td>Eggs, meat, and feathers </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg/120px-Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg/250px-Taiwanese_duck_farm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="1620" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_goose" title="Domestic goose">Goose</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greylag_goose" title="Greylag goose">Greylag</a> </td> <td>Various </td> <td>Eggs, meat, and feathers </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG/120px-Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG/250px-Neugierige_Hausgans.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_guineafowl" title="Domestic guineafowl">Guinea fowl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmeted_guineafowl" title="Helmeted guineafowl">Helmeted guinea fowl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </td> <td>Eggs and meat </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinea_fowl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Guinea_fowl.jpg/120px-Guinea_fowl.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Guinea_fowl.jpg/250px-Guinea_fowl.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1204" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_pigeon" title="Domestic pigeon">Domestic pigeon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rock_dove" title="Rock dove">Rock dove</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> </td> <td>Meat </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Giant_Runt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/American_Giant_Runt.jpg/120px-American_Giant_Runt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/American_Giant_Runt.jpg/180px-American_Giant_Runt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/American_Giant_Runt.jpg/240px-American_Giant_Runt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1516" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chickens">Chickens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chickens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Chicken</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rooster_portrait2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rooster_portrait2.jpg/250px-Rooster_portrait2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rooster_portrait2.jpg/330px-Rooster_portrait2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rooster_portrait2.jpg/500px-Rooster_portrait2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Cock with comb and wattles</figcaption></figure> <p>Chickens are medium-sized, chunky birds with an upright stance and characterised by fleshy red <a href="/wiki/Comb_(anatomy)" title="Comb (anatomy)">combs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wattle_(anatomy)" title="Wattle (anatomy)">wattles</a> on their heads. Males, known as cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens). Chickens are gregarious, <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivorous</a>, ground-dwelling birds that in their natural surroundings search among the <a href="/wiki/Leaf_litter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf litter">leaf litter</a> for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals. They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.<sup id="cite_ref-Card_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Card-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today's domestic chicken (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) is mainly descended from the wild <a href="/wiki/Red_junglefowl" title="Red junglefowl">red junglefowl</a> of Asia, with some additional input from <a href="/wiki/Grey_junglefowl" title="Grey junglefowl">grey junglefowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_junglefowl" title="Sri Lankan junglefowl">Sri Lankan junglefowl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Green_junglefowl" title="Green junglefowl">green junglefowl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eriksson_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eriksson-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lawal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genomic studies estimate that the chicken was domesticated 8,000 years ago in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lawal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and spread to China and India 2000–3000 years later. Archaeological evidence supports domestic chickens in Southeast Asia well before 6000 BC, China by 6000 BC and India by 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawal_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A landmark 2020 Nature study that fully sequenced 863 chickens across the world suggests that all domestic chickens originate from a single domestication event of red junglefowl whose present-day distribution is predominantly in southwestern China, northern Thailand and Myanmar. These domesticated chickens spread across Southeast and South Asia where they interbred with local wild species of junglefowl, forming genetically and geographically distinct groups. Analysis of the most popular commercial breed shows that the White Leghorn breed possesses a mosaic of divergent ancestries inherited from subspecies of red junglefowl.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chickens were one of the <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">domesticated animals</a> carried with the sea-borne <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian migrations</a> into <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a>; starting from around 3500 to 2500 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Piper_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piper-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blust2002_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blust2002-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2000 BC, chickens seem to have reached the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley">Indus Valley</a> and 250 years later, they arrived in Egypt. They were still used for fighting and were regarded as symbols of fertility. The Romans used them in <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, and the Egyptians made a breakthrough when they learned the difficult technique of artificial <a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation" title="Egg incubation">incubation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the keeping of chickens has spread around the world for the production of food with the domestic fowl being a valuable source of both eggs and meat.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Leghorn_(chicken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leghorn (chicken)">white Leghorn</a>, most commercial birds are of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Card_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Card-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around 1920 and became established in the United States soon after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. By the mid-20th century, the <a href="/wiki/Poultry_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Poultry industry">poultry meat-producing industry</a> was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry. Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase. Male birds are unwanted in the egg-laying industry and can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling. In meat breeds, these birds are sometimes castrated (often chemically) to prevent aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting bird, called a <a href="/wiki/Capon" title="Capon">capon</a>, has more tender and flavorful meat, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Basley_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basley-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg/220px-Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg/330px-Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg/440px-Cockfight_Santangelo_MAN_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Roman mosaic depicting a cockfight</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Bantam_(poultry)" title="Bantam (poultry)">bantam</a> is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a>, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of <a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a> in Java<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cockfighting">Cockfighting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cockfighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">Cockfighting</a> is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Cockfighting is extremely widespread in <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>, and often had ritual significance in addition to being a gambling sport.<sup id="cite_ref-Blust2002_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blust2002-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also formed part of the cultures of ancient India, China, Persia, Greece, Rome, and large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter. Breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/Asil_(chicken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asil (chicken)">Aseel</a> were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cockfighting has been banned in many countries during the last century on the grounds of cruelty to animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ducks">Ducks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ducks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_duck" title="Domestic duck">Domestic duck</a></div> <p>Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet. Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (known as hens) and are differently coloured in some breeds. Domestic ducks are <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivores</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eating a variety of animal and plant materials such as aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses. They feed in shallow water by dabbling, with their heads underwater and their tails upended. Most domestic ducks are too heavy to fly, and they are social birds, preferring to live and move around together in groups. They keep their plumage waterproof by preening, a process that spreads the secretions of the <a href="/wiki/Uropygial_gland" title="Uropygial gland">preen gland</a> over their feathers.<sup id="cite_ref-RSPCA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSPCA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg/250px-Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg/330px-Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg/500px-Pekin_Ducks_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Pekin ducks</figcaption></figure> <p>Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the <a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao culture</a>. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. <a href="/wiki/Columella" title="Columella">Lucius Columella</a>, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks "lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.<sup id="cite_ref-Cherry_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cherry-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is widely agreed that the <a href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallard</a> (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Muscovy_duck" title="Muscovy duck">Muscovy duck</a> (<i>Cairina moschata</i>), which is not closely related to other ducks).<sup id="cite_ref-Cherry_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cherry-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and <a href="/wiki/Down_feather" title="Down feather">down</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As is the case with chickens, various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the <a href="/wiki/American_Pekin_duck" class="mw-redirect" title="American Pekin duck">Pekin duck</a>, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7 lb 11 oz) in 44 days.<sup id="cite_ref-RSPCA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSPCA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>, ducks are not as popular as chickens, because the latter produce larger quantities of white, lean meat and are easier to keep intensively, making the price of <a href="/wiki/Chicken_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken meat">chicken meat</a> lower than that of duck meat. While popular in <i><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a></i>, duck appears less frequently in the mass-market food industry. However, things are different in the East. Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goose">Goose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Goose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_goose" title="Domestic goose">Domestic goose</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domestic_Goose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Domestic_Goose.jpg/170px-Domestic_Goose.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Domestic_Goose.jpg/255px-Domestic_Goose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Domestic_Goose.jpg/340px-Domestic_Goose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Emden_goose" title="Emden goose">Emden goose</a>, a descendant of the wild <a href="/wiki/Greylag_goose" title="Greylag goose">greylag goose</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greylag_goose" title="Greylag goose">greylag goose</a> (<i>Anser anser</i>) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-faogeese_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faogeese-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a different wild species, the <a href="/wiki/Swan_goose" title="Swan goose">swan goose</a> (<i>Anser cygnoides</i>), domesticated in Siberia about a thousand years later, is known as a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_goose" title="Chinese goose">Chinese goose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridise</a> with each other and the large knob at the base of the beak, a noticeable feature of the Chinese goose, is present to a varying extent in these hybrids. The hybrids are fertile and have resulted in several of the modern breeds. Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.<sup id="cite_ref-faogeese_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faogeese-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system.<sup id="cite_ref-CALU_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CALU-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders.<sup id="cite_ref-faogeese_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faogeese-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fats" class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated fats">monounsaturated fatty acids</a>. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing <a href="/wiki/Pin_feather" title="Pin feather">pin feathers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CALU_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CALU-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, geese and ducks are force-fed to produce livers with an exceptionally high fat content for the production of <i><a href="/wiki/Foie_gras" title="Foie gras">foie gras</a></i>. Over 75% of world production of this product occurs in France, with lesser industries in Hungary and Bulgaria and a growing production in China.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Foie gras</i> is considered a luxury in many parts of the world, but the process of feeding the birds in this way is banned in many countries on animal welfare grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkeys">Turkeys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Turkeys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_turkey" title="Domestic turkey">Domestic turkey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkeybird.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turkeybird.JPG/220px-Turkeybird.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turkeybird.JPG/330px-Turkeybird.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turkeybird.JPG/440px-Turkeybird.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Male domesticated turkey sexually displaying by showing the snood hanging over the beak, the caruncles hanging from the throat, and the 'beard' of small, black, stiff feathers on the chest</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkeys are large birds, their nearest relatives being the pheasant and the guineafowl. Males are larger than females and have spreading, fan-shaped tails and distinctive, fleshy <a href="/wiki/Wattle_(anatomy)" title="Wattle (anatomy)">wattles</a>, called a <a href="/wiki/Snood_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snood (anatomy)">snood</a>, that hang from the top of the beak and are used in courtship display. Wild turkeys can fly, but seldom do so, preferring to run with a long, straddling gait. They roost in trees and forage on the ground, feeding on seeds, nuts, berries, grass, foliage, invertebrates, lizards, and small snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkey</a> (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) found in the present Mexican states of <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. They used the feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes. More than 1,000 years later, they became an important food source.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions. These are often large buildings, purpose-built to provide ventilation and low light intensities (this reduces the birds' activity and thereby increases the rate of weight gain). The lights can be switched on for 24 h/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly. Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19. Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts. Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the <a href="/wiki/Pin_feather" title="Pin feather">pin feathers</a> being less visible.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkeys were at one time mainly consumed on special occasions such as <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> (10 million birds in the United Kingdom) or <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> (60 million birds in the United States). However, they are increasingly becoming part of the everyday diet in many parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_poultry">Other poultry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other poultry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Guineafowl" title="Guineafowl">Guineafowl</a> originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the <a href="/wiki/Helmeted_guineafowl" title="Helmeted guineafowl">helmeted guineafowl</a> (<i>Numida meleagris</i>). It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colorful wattles and a knob on top, and was <a href="/wiki/Domestic_guineafowl" title="Domestic guineafowl">domesticated</a> by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guineafowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">squab</a> is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table. Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the <a href="/wiki/Rock_dove" title="Rock dove">rock dove</a> (<i>Columba livia</i>). Special <a href="/wiki/Utility_pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Utility pigeon">utility breeds</a> with desirable characteristics are used. Two eggs are laid and incubated for about 17 days. When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the <a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a>. Squabs grow rapidly, but are slow to fledge and are ready to leave the nest at 26 to 30 days weighing about 500 g (1 lb 2 oz). By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poultry_farming">Poultry farming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Poultry farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg/240px-Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg/360px-Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg/480px-Duck_farm_in_Hainan_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Free-range ducks in Hainan Province, China</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battery-farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Battery-farm.jpg/250px-Battery-farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Battery-farm.jpg/500px-Battery-farm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hens in battery cages can not move freely, with several birds living in a single cage.</figcaption></figure> <p>Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-Compassion_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compassion-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, such birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night. This is still the case in developing countries, where the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry. However, rising world populations and urbanization have led to the bulk of production being in larger, more intensive specialist units. These are often situated close to where the feed is grown or near to where the meat is needed, and result in cheap, safe food being made available for urban communities.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Profitability of production depends very much on the price of feed, which has been rising. High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Free-range" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-range">free-range</a> husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is <a href="/wiki/Yarding" title="Yarding">yarding</a>, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and <a href="/wiki/Chicken_coop" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken coop">poultry house</a> at a higher stocking rate. Poultry can also be kept in a barn system, with no access to the open air, but with the ability to move around freely inside the building. The most intensive system for egg-laying chickens is <a href="/wiki/Battery_cage" title="Battery cage">battery cages</a>, often set in multiple tiers. In these, several birds share a small cage which restricts their ability to move around and behave in a normal manner. The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection. Battery cages for hens have been illegal in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> since January 1, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Compassion_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compassion-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg/220px-Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg/330px-Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg/440px-Yarding_poultry_farm_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yarding" title="Yarding">Yarding</a> poultry farm in <a href="/wiki/Vernon_County,_Wisconsin" title="Vernon County, Wisconsin">Vernon County, Wisconsin</a> with a fenced in area and shadded areas for chickens to roam</figcaption></figure> <p>Chickens raised intensively for their meat are known as "broilers". Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size (2 kg or 4 lb 7 oz) in six weeks or less.<sup id="cite_ref-Browne_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browne-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles. Mortality rates at 1% are much higher than for less-intensively reared laying birds which take 18 weeks to reach similar weights.<sup id="cite_ref-Browne_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browne-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Processing the birds is done automatically with conveyor-belt efficiency. They are hung by their feet, stunned, killed, bled, scalded, plucked, have their heads and feet removed, eviscerated, washed, chilled, drained, weighed, and packed,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all within the course of little over two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Browne_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browne-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism_(poultry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannibalism (poultry)">cannibalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feather_pecking" title="Feather pecking">feather pecking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vent_pecking" title="Vent pecking">vent pecking</a> can be common, with some farmers using <a href="/wiki/Debeaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Debeaking">beak trimming</a> as a preventative measure.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwin_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwin-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwin_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwin-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">avian influenza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WSPA_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSPA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poultry_shows">Poultry shows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Poultry shows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypical</a> <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a> traits as specified by their respective <a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">breed standards</a>. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general <a href="/wiki/Livestock_show" title="Livestock show">livestock shows</a>, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the <a href="/wiki/Poultry_Club_of_Great_Britain" title="Poultry Club of Great Britain">Poultry Club of Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poultry_as_food">Poultry as food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Poultry as food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken as food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck as food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose as food</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">Turkey as food</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg/220px-HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg/330px-HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg/440px-HK_Central_%E7%B5%90%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%97_Gage_Street_market_%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B_Chicken_n_%E9%B4%A8%E8%9B%8B_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Chicken and duck eggs on sale in Hong Kong</figcaption></figure> <p>Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencenews.org_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencenews.org-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Global broiler meat production rose to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013. The largest producers were the United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two distinct models of production; the European Union <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin. This model faces the increasing costs of implementing additional food safety requirements, welfare issues and environmental regulations. In contrast, the United States model turns the product into a commodity.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total,<sup id="cite_ref-DuckGoose_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DuckGoose-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-Cherry_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cherry-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market.<sup id="cite_ref-DuckGoose_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DuckGoose-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Global egg production was expected to reach 65.5 million tonnes in 2013, surpassing all previous years.<sup id="cite_ref-Trend_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trend-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2000 and 2010, egg production was growing globally at around 2% per year, but since then growth has slowed down to nearer 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-Trend_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trend-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, egg production reached 76.7 million tonnes, a huge 24% growth since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuts_of_poultry">Cuts of poultry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cuts of poultry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg/220px-MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg/330px-MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg/440px-MIN_Rungis_volaille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>In the poultry pavilion of the <a href="/wiki/March%C3%A9_d%27Int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt_National_de_Rungis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marché d'Intérêt National de Rungis">Rungis International Market</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <p>Poultry is available fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked.<sup id="cite_ref-FeedCo_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeedCo-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meatiest parts of a bird are the <a href="/wiki/Flight" title="Flight">flight</a> <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a> on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">walking</a> muscles on the <a href="/wiki/Leg_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leg (anatomy)">legs</a>, called the "thigh" and "drumstick". The wings are also eaten (<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_wing" title="Buffalo wing">Buffalo wings</a> are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper").<sup id="cite_ref-FeedCo_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeedCo-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan, the wing is frequently separated, and these parts are referred to as 手羽元 (<i>teba-moto</i> "wing base") and 手羽先 (<i>teba-saki</i> "wing tip").<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dark meat, which avian <a href="/wiki/Myologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Myologist">myologists</a> refer to as "red muscle", is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark color comes from the protein <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a>, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying. Thus, the chicken's leg and thigh meat are dark, while its breast meat (which makes up the primary flight muscles) is white. Other birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cuts of meat including poultry expose the microscopic regular structure of intracellular <a href="/wiki/Myofibrils" class="mw-redirect" title="Myofibrils">muscle fibrils</a> which can <a href="/wiki/Diffraction" title="Diffraction">diffract</a> light and produce <a href="/wiki/Iridescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridescent">iridescent</a> colors, an optical phenomenon sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Structural_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural colouration">structural coloration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-foods_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foods-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_disease_(humans)"><span id="Health_and_disease_.28humans.29"></span>Health and disease (humans)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health and disease (humans)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LemonChicken2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LemonChicken2.jpg/250px-LemonChicken2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LemonChicken2.jpg/330px-LemonChicken2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LemonChicken2.jpg/500px-LemonChicken2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Cuts from plucked <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chickens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2022,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> no clinical trials have assessed poultry intake on human health.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOhealth_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOhealth-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much <a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">polyunsaturated fat</a> as most types of <a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">red meat</a> when measured by weight.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw chicken breast contains 2 grams (0.071 oz) of fat and 22 grams (0.78 oz) of protein, compared to 9 grams (0.32 oz) of fat and 20 grams (0.71 oz) of protein for the same portion of raw <a href="/wiki/Cut_of_beef" title="Cut of beef">beef flank</a> steak.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2011 study by the <a href="/wiki/Translational_Genomics_Research_Institute" title="Translational Genomics Research Institute">Translational Genomics Research Institute</a> showed that 47% of the <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> and poultry sold in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> grocery stores was contaminated with <i><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a></i>, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as <i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</a></i>. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Food-borne_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Food-borne illness">food-borne illness</a> if the product is improperly cooked or handled.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOhealth_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOhealth-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, <a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">avian influenza</a> is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_virus" title="Influenza A virus">influenza A virus</a> that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an <a href="/wiki/Influenza_pandemic" title="Influenza pandemic">influenza pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> to <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious diseases</a> can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergies</a> are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cell-based culture will also be useful in a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamebird" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamebird">Gamebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_allergy" title="Poultry allergy">Poultry allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virulent_Newcastle_disease" title="Virulent Newcastle disease">Virulent Newcastle disease</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row 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mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poultry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hobbyfarms.com/poultry-types-consider-farm/">"Consider These 6 Types Of Poultry For Your Farm"</a>. <i>Hobby Farms</i>. 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href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States" title="Poultry farming in the United States">In the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_the_United_States_poultry_farming_industry" title="Antibiotic use in the United States poultry farming industry">Antibiotics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarding" title="Yarding">Yarding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_use_of_birds115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">Aviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">Birdwatching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hide" title="Bird hide">Bird hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_year" title="Big year">Big year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_conservation" title="Bird conservation">Bird conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletching" title="Fletching">Fletching</a></li> <li>In sport <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockfighting" title="Cockfighting">Cockfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinkensport" title="Vinkensport">Vinkensport</a></li></ul></li> <li>In science <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers">IP over Avian Carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">Model organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li></ul></li> <li>In mythology and religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_sacred_ibis" title="African sacred ibis">Sacred ibis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_burial" title="Sky burial">Sky burial</a></li></ul></li> <li>In hunting <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cormorant_fishing" title="Cormorant fishing">Cormorant fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_hunting" title="Plume hunting">Plume hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Wildfowling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg/80px-Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg/120px-Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg/160px-Falconry_Book_of_Frederick_II_1240s_detail_falconers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="506" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_feather" title="Down feather">Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">Guano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poultry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird-and-flower_painting" title="Bird-and-flower painting">Bird-and-flower painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_tights" title="Feather tights">Feather tights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldic_birds" title="Category:Heraldic birds">In heraldry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalerion" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalerion">Avalerion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvus (heraldry)">Crow/Raven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_rooster" title="Gallic rooster">Gallic rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turul" title="Turul">Turul</a></li></ul></li> <li>In poetry <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conference_of_the_Birds" title="The Conference of the Birds">The Conference of the Birds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ode_to_a_Nightingale" title="Ode to a Nightingale">Ode to a Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_a_Skylark" title="To a Skylark">To a Skylark</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crow_(poetry)" title="Crow (poetry)">Crow</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>In prose <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_British_Birds" title="A History of British Birds">A History of British Birds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Jemima_Puddle-Duck" title="The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck">The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling" title="The Ugly Duckling">The Ugly Duckling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>In theatre and ballet <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_(play)" title="The Birds (play)">The Birds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>In film <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_(film)" title="The Birds (film)">The Birds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kes_(film)" title="Kes (film)">Kes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Year" title="The Big Year">The Big Year</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animated_films_about_birds" title="Category:Animated films about birds">Animated films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chickens" title="Category:Films about chickens">Chicken films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_films_about_birds" title="Category:Horror films about birds">Horror films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_in_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds in music">In music</a></li> <li>In fashion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigrette" title="Aigrette">Aigrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_boa" class="mw-redirect" title="Feather boa">Feather boa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_cloak" title="Feather cloak">Feather cloak</a></li></ul></li> <li>In dance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cendrawasih_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cendrawasih (dance)">Cendrawasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_(dance)" title="Chicken (dance)">Chicken dance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_eagles_in_human_culture" title="Golden eagles in human culture">Golden eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_penguins" title="Cultural depictions of penguins">Penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbidae#Domestication" title="Columbidae">Pigeon/Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_ravens" title="Cultural depictions of ravens">Raven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">of the Tower of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Illustrators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_of_America" title="The Birds of America">The Birds of America</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bewick" title="Thomas Bewick">Thomas Bewick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gould" title="John Gould">John Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Jonsson_(illustrator)" title="Lars Jonsson (illustrator)">Lars Jonsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gerrard_Keulemans" title="John Gerrard Keulemans">John Gerrard Keulemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lear" title="Edward Lear">Edward Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lewington_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lewington (artist)">Richard Lewington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Tory_Peterson" title="Roger Tory Peterson">Roger Tory Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Constantine_Richter" title="Henry Constantine Richter">Henry Constantine Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smit" title="Joseph Smit">Joseph Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Thorburn" title="Archibald Thorburn">Archibald Thorburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wolf" title="Joseph Wolf">Joseph Wolf</a></li></ul></li> <li>Conservationists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Krabbe" title="Niels Krabbe">Niels Krabbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Scott" title="Peter Scott">Peter Scott</a></li></ul></li> <li>Organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Birds" title="Royal Society for the Protection of Birds">Royal Society for the Protection of Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfowl_%26_Wetlands_Trust" title="Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust">Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93dinosaur_coexistence" title="Human–dinosaur coexistence">Human–dinosaur coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Birds_and_humans" title="Category:Birds and humans">Category:Birds and humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Domestication_of_animals73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_domestication" title="Template:Animal domestication"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animal_domestication" title="Template talk:Animal domestication"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_domestication" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal domestication"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestication_of_animals73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestication of animals">Domestication of animals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vertebrates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Bactrian camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_duck" title="Domestic duck">Domestic duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_Muscovy_duck" title="Domestic Muscovy duck">Domestic Muscovy duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_pig" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic pig">Domestic pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_mouse" title="Fancy mouse">Fancy mouse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_rabbit" title="Domestic rabbit">Domestic rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_silver_fox" title="Domesticated silver fox">Domesticated silver fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_turkey" title="Domestic turkey">Domestic turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Water buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">Zebu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invertebrates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silkworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkworm">Silkworm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">Domestication of the cat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">cats in ancient Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_dog" title="Domestication of the dog">Domestication of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_goat" title="Domestication of the goat">Domestication of the goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_Syrian_hamster" title="Domestication of the Syrian hamster">Domestication of the Syrian hamster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse" title="Domestication of the horse">Domestication of the horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_horse_domestication_theories" title="History of horse domestication theories">theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia#Animals" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Domesticated animals of Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_sheep" title="Domestication of the sheep">Domestication of the sheep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_domesticated_animals" title="List of domesticated animals">List of domesticated animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-domestication" title="Self-domestication">Self-domestication</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Variation_of_Animals_and_Plants_Under_Domestication" title="The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication">The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomics_of_domestication" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomics of domestication">Genomics of domestication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_meat" title="Ostrich meat">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/100px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/150px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/200px-FoodMeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/100px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/150px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/200px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary" title="Ascidiacea">Sea squirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and<br />preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and<br />psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meat" title="Category:Meat">Category: Meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1663" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1663" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178559#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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