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Sexual Offences Act 1967 - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sexual Offences Act 1967</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_de_delitos_sexuales_de_1967" title="Llei de delitos sexuales de 1967 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llei de delitos sexuales de 1967" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_de_delictes_sexuals_de_1967" title="Llei de delictes sexuals de 1967 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei de delictes sexuals de 1967" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_delitos_sexuales_de_1967" title="Ley de delitos sexuales de 1967 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley de delitos sexuales de 1967" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sexual Offences Act 1967" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sexual Offences Act 1967" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85_(1967)" title="Акт о половых преступлениях (1967) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акт о половых преступлениях (1967)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sexual Offences Act 1967" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sexual Offences Act 1967" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sexual Offences Act 1967" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_1967_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Закон про статеві злочини 1967 (Велика Британія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закон про статеві злочини 1967 (Велика Британія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7458681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Sexual Offences Act 1967</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/140px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/210px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg/280px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28variant_1%2C_1952-2022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to amend the law of England and Wales relating to homosexual acts.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1967" title="List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1967">1967</a> c. 60</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Abse" title="Leo Abse">Leo Abse</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="the House of Commons">Commons</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gore,_8th_Earl_of_Arran" title="Arthur Gore, 8th Earl of Arran">Lord Arran</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="the House of Lords">Lords</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent&#160;</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England_%26_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="England &amp; Wales">England &amp; Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27&#160;July&#160;1967<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1967-07-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amended by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_2003" title="Sexual Offences Act 2003">Sexual Offences Act 2003</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relates to</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_(Amendment)_Act_2000" title="Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000">Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffa16c;">Status: Partially repealed</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/60/pdfs/ukpga_19670060_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/60">Revised text of statute as amended</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom">LGBTQ rights <br /> in the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United Kingdom with the pride flag"><img alt="Map of the United Kingdom with the pride flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/100px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/200px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>By location</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Scotland" title="LGBTQ rights in Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Crown dependencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Guernsey" title="LGBTQ rights in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Jersey" title="LGBTQ rights in Jersey">Jersey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="LGBTQ rights in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Anguilla" title="LGBTQ rights in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="LGBTQ rights in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Bermuda" title="LGBTQ rights in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="LGBTQ rights in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="LGBTQ rights in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="LGBTQ rights in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Gibraltar" title="LGBTQ rights in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Montserrat" title="LGBTQ rights in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="LGBTQ rights in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="LGBTQ rights in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and<br /> Tristan da Cunha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="LGBTQ rights in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">Same-sex marriage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">territory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Scotland" title="Same-sex marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey" title="Same-sex marriage in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in Jersey">Jersey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Same-sex marriage in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar" title="Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and<br /> Tristan da Cunha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the<br /> South Sandwich Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Policy aspects</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Sexual orientation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex adoption in the United Kingdom">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age-of-consent_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Age-of-consent reform in the United Kingdom">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">Blood donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">Civil partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">History of violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">Same-sex marriage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Gender identity, sex and intersex</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">Transgender rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">Intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Gender_Identity_Development_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS Gender Identity Development Service">NHS Gender Identity Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Panel" title="Gender Recognition Panel">Gender Recognition Panel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Legislation</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Criminality</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">Buggery Act 1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1861" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1861">Offences Against the Person Act 1861</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labouchere_Amendment" title="Labouchere Amendment">Labouchere Amendment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sexual Offences Act 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">Homosexual Offences Order 1982</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_(Amendment)_Act_2000" title="Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000">Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_2003" title="Sexual Offences Act 2003">Sexual Offences Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policing_and_Crime_Act_2017" title="Policing and Crime Act 2017">Policing and Crime Act 2017</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_law" title="Alan Turing law">Alan Turing law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Shipping_(Homosexual_Conduct)_Act_2017" title="Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017">Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Sexual_Offences_(Pardons_and_Disregards)_(Scotland)_Act_2018" title="Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018">Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Protection and recognition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Order_Act_1986" title="Public Order Act 1986">Public Order Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1975" title="Sex Discrimination Act 1975">Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Children_Act_2002" title="Adoption and Children Act 2002">Adoption and Children Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Equality_(Sexual_Orientation)_Regulations_2003" title="Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003">Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Partnership_Act_2004" title="Civil Partnership Act 2004">Civil Partnership Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">Gender Recognition Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2006" title="Equality Act 2006">Equality Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_(Sexual_Orientation)_Regulations_2007" title="Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007">Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Immigration_Act_2008" title="Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008">Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Fertilisation_and_Embryology_Act_2008" title="Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008">Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_Civil_Partnership_(Scotland)_Act_2014" title="Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014">Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Partnerships,_Marriages_and_Deaths_(Registration_etc)_Act_2019" title="Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019">Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Executive_Formation_etc)_Act_2019" title="Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019">Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Litigation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corbett_v_Corbett" title="Corbett v Corbett">Corbett v Corbett</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X_v_United_Kingdom" title="X v United Kingdom">X v United Kingdom</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dudgeon_v_United_Kingdom" title="Dudgeon v United Kingdom">Dudgeon v United Kingdom</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Brown" title="R v Brown">R v Brown</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_v_United_Kingdom" title="Sutherland v United Kingdom">Sutherland v United Kingdom</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_and_Grady_v_United_Kingdom" title="Smith and Grady v United Kingdom">Smith and Grady v United Kingdom</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodwin_%26_I_v_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodwin &amp; I v United Kingdom">Goodwin &amp; I v United Kingdom</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HJ_and_HT_v_Home_Secretary" title="HJ and HT v Home Secretary">HJ and HT v Home Secretary</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_AIDS_Trust_v_NHS_Service_Commissioning_Board" title="National AIDS Trust v NHS Service Commissioning Board">National AIDS Trust v NHS Service Commissioning Board</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell_v_Tavistock" title="Bell v Tavistock">Bell v Tavistock</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell_v_Tavistock#AB_v_CD_and_others" title="Bell v Tavistock">AB v CD and others</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Culture</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">By city</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_community_of_Brighton_and_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community of Brighton and Hove">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Manchester" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Gay_village#UK_Gay_villages" title="Gay village">Gay villages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Gay_Village" title="Birmingham Gay Village">Birmingham Gay Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calls" title="The Calls">The Calls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_(Manchester)" title="Canal Street (Manchester)">Canal Street (Manchester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Compton_Street" title="Old Compton Street">Old Compton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Pride Quarter, Liverpool">Pride Quarter, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall" title="Vauxhall">Vauxhall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Gay male</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polari" title="Polari">Polari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bathhouses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gay bathhouses in the United Kingdom">Saunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_cruising_in_England_and_Wales" title="Gay cruising in England and Wales">Cruising</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Organisations</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">LGBT advocacy and support</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(charity)" title="Stonewall (charity)">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93Carpenter_Archives" title="Hall–Carpenter Archives">Hall–Carpenter Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gay_Men%27s_Advisory_Group" title="Black Gay Men&#39;s Advisory Group">Black Gay Men's Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akt_(charity)" title="Akt (charity)">Akt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naz_and_Matt_Foundation" title="Naz and Matt Foundation">Naz and Matt Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Families_and_Friends_of_Lesbians_and_Gays" title="Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays">FFLAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Foundation" title="LGBT Foundation">LGBT Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Network" title="LGBT Network">LGBT Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outright_Scotland" title="Outright Scotland">Outright Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchboard_(UK)" title="Switchboard (UK)">Switchboard (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUS_LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="NUS LGBT">NUS LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaids_(charity)" title="Mermaids (charity)">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_for_Change" title="Press for Change">Press for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gender_Trust" title="The Gender Trust">The Gender Trust</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pride_parade#United_Kingdom" title="Pride parade">Pride events</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiCon_(UK)" title="BiCon (UK)">BiCon (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gay_Out_(London)" title="Big Gay Out (London)">Big Gay Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Pride" title="Birmingham Pride">Birmingham Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_Free" title="Bourne Free">Bourne Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pride" title="Brighton Pride">Brighton Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Pride" title="Bristol Pride">Bristol Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Pride" title="Doncaster Pride">Doncaster Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFest_%E2%80%93_gayWise_LGBT_Arts_Festival" title="GFest – gayWise LGBT Arts Festival">GFest – gayWise LGBT Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgay!_Festival" title="Glasgay! Festival">Glasgay! Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotopia_(festival)" title="Homotopia (festival)">Homotopia (Liverpool)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Pride" title="Leeds Pride">Leeds Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Pride" title="Leicester Pride">Leicester Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFI_Flare:_London_LGBT_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival">BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Pride" title="Manchester Pride">Manchester Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Gay_UK" title="Mr Gay UK">Mr Gay UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Gay_Wales" title="Mr Gay Wales">Mr Gay Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pride_(festival)" title="Northern Pride (festival)">Northern Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_Pride" title="Nottinghamshire Pride">Nottinghamshire Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Cymru" title="Pride Cymru">Pride Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Glasgow" title="Pride Glasgow">Pride Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Hull" title="Pride in Hull">Pride in Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Liverpool" title="Pride in Liverpool">Pride in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_London" title="Pride in London">Pride in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Scotia" title="Pride Scotia">Pride Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Pride" title="Reading Pride">Reading Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Pride" title="Swansea Pride">Swansea Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing_Pride" title="Worthing Pride">Worthing Pride</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Former groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OutRage!" title="OutRage!">OutRage!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Homosexual_Equality" title="Campaign for Homosexual Equality">Campaign for Homosexual Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Law_Reform_Society" title="Homosexual Law Reform Society">Homosexual Law Reform Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Rights_Working_Party" title="Gay Rights Working Party">Gay Rights Working Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Chaeronea" title="Order of Chaeronea">Order of Chaeronea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>History</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_politicians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of LGBT politicians in the United Kingdom">List of politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in the United Kingdom">First LGBT officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">Violence against LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">HIV/AIDS crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_penalty_for_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty for homosexuality">Death penalty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 342</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="Men who have sex with men">MSM</abbr> activity <a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">made illegal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1533</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">Death penalty introduced</a> for MSM activity</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1543</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Buggery Act extended to Wales</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1828 </b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1835</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" title="James Pratt and John Smith">James Pratt and John Smith</a> executed</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1861</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1861" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1861">Death penalty for buggery abolished</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1885</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Labouchere_Amendment" title="Labouchere Amendment">Labouchere Amendment</a> introduced</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1889</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Street_scandal" title="Cleveland Street scandal">Cleveland Street scandal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1895</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> found guilty of gross indecency</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1912</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/The_Cave_of_the_Golden_Calf" title="The Cave of the Golden Calf">The Cave of the Golden Calf</a> opens</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1921</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Plans to make lesbian activity illegal defeated</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1936</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Weston_(athlete)" title="Mark Weston (athlete)">Mark Weston</a> transitions</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1952</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/John_Nott-Bower" title="John Nott-Bower">John Nott-Bower</a> begins crackdown</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1954</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pitt-Rivers" title="Michael Pitt-Rivers">Pitt-Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglas-Scott-Montagu,_3rd_Baron_Montagu_of_Beaulieu" title="Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu">Montagu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wildeblood" title="Peter Wildeblood">Wildeblood</a> imprisoned</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1954</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> commits suicide</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1957</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a> released</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1967</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">MSM activity made legal (England &amp; Wales)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1972</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First British <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Gay Pride Rally</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1976</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_affair" title="Thorpe affair">Jeremy Thorpe resigns</a> as Liberal leader</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1981</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">made legal (Scotland)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1981</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First case of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">AIDS reported in the UK</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1982</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">made legal (<abbr title="Northern Ireland">NI</abbr>)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1983</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">barred from donating blood</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1984</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith,_Baron_Smith_of_Finsbury" title="Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury">Chris Smith</a> elected as first openly gay MP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1987</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spanner" title="Operation Spanner">Operation Spanner</a> begins</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1988</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a> comes into force</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1989</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(charity)" title="Stonewall (charity)">Stonewall UK</a> forms</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1994</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Age of consent for MSM becomes 18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1997</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Eagle" title="Angela Eagle">Angela Eagle</a> becomes first openly lesbian MP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1998</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Bolton_7" title="Bolton 7">Bolton 7</a> found guilty</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1998</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Alli">Lord Alli</a> becomes first openly gay Lord</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1999</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings" title="1999 London nail bombings">Admiral Duncan bombing</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2000</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men allowed in HM Armed Forces</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2001</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Age of consent equalised to 16</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2001</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity involving multiple men legal</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2002</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Same sex couples granted <a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Children_Act_2002" title="Adoption and Children Act 2002">equal rights to adopt</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2003</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Section 28 repealed</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2004</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Civil partnerships introduced</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2004</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">Gender Recognition Act 2004</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2006</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Discrimination <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2006" title="Equality Act 2006">made illegal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2008</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_Fertilisation_and_Embryology_Act_2008" title="Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008">Equalised access to IVF</a> for lesbian couples</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2008</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Incitement to homophobic hatred made a crime</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2009</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Public apology to <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2010</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act 2010</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2011</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men allowed to donate blood (1 yr deferral)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2013</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Sinclaire" title="Nikki Sinclaire">Nikki Sinclaire</a> becomes first openly trans MEP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2013</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2014</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the UK">same-sex marriages</a> take place</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2016</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity not grounds for military discharge</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2017</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Turing_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turing law">Turing law</a> implemented</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2017</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Blood donation deferral 3 months (excl. NI)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2019</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MPs <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Executive_Formation_etc)_Act_2019" title="Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019">legislate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland">gay marriage in NI</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2020</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">Gay marriage</a> legal across UK, incl. NI</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2020</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Blood donation deferral 3 months (incl. NI)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2021</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">Blood donation deferral equalised</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ&#32;portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:UK">UK&#32;portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Template:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Template talk:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sexual Offences Act 1967</b> (c. 60) is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament (UK)">act of Parliament in the United Kingdom</a>. It legalised <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> acts in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, on the condition that they were consensual, in private and between two men who had attained the age of 21. The law was extended to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homosexual activity between men had been a criminal offence in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Before the Reformation it was punished by <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">ecclesiastical courts</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">Buggery Act 1533</a> transferred the jurisdiction to the royal courts, with the penalties including death.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With many revisions, this legislation remained in force until the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a>'s Act", which retained <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> as a possible sentence for the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> saw the punishments shift to being more lenient but also more enforceable: the <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1861" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1861">Offences Against the Person Act 1861</a> abolished the death penalty, while the <a href="/wiki/Labouchere_Amendment" title="Labouchere Amendment">Labouchere Amendment</a> of 1885 criminalised all homosexual activity between men besides anal intercourse. There was never an explicit ban on homosexual activity between women.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, there was an increase of prosecutions against homosexual men<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and several well-known figures were convicted. The government set up a committee led by <a href="/wiki/John_Wolfenden" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wolfenden">John Wolfenden</a> to consider the laws on homosexuality. In 1957, the committee published the <a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a>, which recommended the decriminalisation of homosexual activity between men above the age of 21. The position was summarised by the committee as follows: "unless a deliberate attempt be made by society through the agency of the law to equate the sphere of crime with that of sin, there must remain a realm of private morality and immorality, which is, in brief and crude terms, not the law's business." However, the government of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> did not act upon its recommendations, due to fears of a public backlash.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-review-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 June 1960, the House of Commons, by a majority of 114 (99 Ayes to 213 Noes), voted against a motion endorsing the Wolfenden Committee's recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public debate began to change because of the actions of advocacy groups, as well as the effect of the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> film <a href="/wiki/Victim_(1961_film)" title="Victim (1961 film)"><i>Victim</i></a>, which was the first major production to even mention the term "homosexual" and had as its main subject the prosecution of homosexuals in the UK, and how this encouraged <a href="/wiki/Blackmail" title="Blackmail">blackmail</a>. It made the topic accessible to a greater part of the public, and in its wake approval for a repeal of homosexual prohibition went above 50%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation_and_debate">Legislation and debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Legislation and debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964 United Kingdom general election</a>, which narrowly elected a Labour government, members of both Houses of Parliament became increasingly sympathetic to changing the law. On 26 May 1965, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Abse" title="Leo Abse">Leo Abse</a> introduced a <a href="/wiki/Ten_Minute_Rule" title="Ten Minute Rule">Ten Minute Rule</a> Bill to decriminalise consensual and private sex between men over the age of 21. The House of Commons voted down the proposal on first reading by 178 Noes to 159 Ayes. The small margin of only nineteen was seen as a significant change of opinion in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 October 1965, the House of Lords passed by a vote of 96 to 31 a Bill implementing the Wolfenden Report's recommendations; the draft law, which had been introduced by Conservative Peer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gore,_8th_Earl_of_Arran" title="Arthur Gore, 8th Earl of Arran">Lord Arran</a>, was supported, among others, by <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a> and many high-ranking members of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Bill was subsequently introduced by Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Berkeley" title="Humphry Berkeley">Humphry Berkeley</a> in the House of Commons, where it passed its <a href="/wiki/Second_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second reading">second reading</a> 164–107 on 11 February 1966. Berkeley had added a provision clarifying that the Bill would not extend to Scotland, convincing some socially conservative Scottish MPs not to vote against.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Bill's consideration was interrupted by the dissolution of Parliament for the <a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966 general election</a>, which resulted, among other things, in Berkeley losing his seat; nonetheless, Labour's decisive victory increased the number of MPs who were likely to support decriminalising homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-review-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 April 1966, Lord Arran introduced in the House of Lords the Sexual Offences Bill, which passed on 16 June 1966 by a vote of 78 to 60.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Immediately thereafter, Leo Abse, again under the Ten Minute Rule, introduced in the House of Commons the Sexual Offences (No. 2) Bill, a slightly modified version of Lord Arran's Bill.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBRamsey_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBRamsey-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jbs_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jbs-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the Bill was granted a first reading by a vote of 244 to 100, the Government (which is in charge of parliamentary business on all days other than Friday) decided to allot additional parliamentary time to the Bill, since it had become clear there was a majority in favour of it. </p><p>The decriminalisation of homosexuality was one of multiple <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">liberal</a> social reforms to be passed under <a href="/wiki/Second_Wilson_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Wilson ministry">Wilson's 1966–1970 government</a> and the wider move towards a "<a href="/wiki/Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">permissive society</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-jbs_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jbs-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other reforms of the era included the <a href="/wiki/Abortion_Act_1967" title="Abortion Act 1967">legalisation of abortion</a> the same year, the relaxation of divorce laws and the abolition of theatre censorship and capital punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-Labour-history_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labour-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These reforms arose due to several separate campaigns benefiting from growing public support and Labour's large majority, rather than from central government leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Labour-history_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labour-history-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wilson himself had no enthusiasm for moral legislation,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but there were Labour frontbenchers who supported the bill, including <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, the Home Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sexual Offences (No. 2) Bill ultimately passed in the House of Commons on 4 July<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by a vote of 99 to 14 (a majority of 85)<sup id="cite_ref-4_JULY_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4_JULY-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and in the House of Lords on 13 July by a vote of 111 to 48 (a majority of 63).<sup id="cite_ref-13_JULY_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13_JULY-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on 27 July, becoming the Sexual Offences Act 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: House of Commons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:40%"> <caption>Sexual Offences (No. 2) Bill – Third Reading<br />4 July 1967<sup id="cite_ref-4_JULY_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4_JULY-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />Note: absent Members are not listed </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;" colspan="2">Party</th> <th style="width:15%;">Ayes</th> <th style="width:15%;">Noes</th> <th style="width:15%;">Present (<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)#Non-partisanship" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>84 (+1 Teller)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Abse, Leo</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Albu, Austen;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Allaun, Frank (Salford, E.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Allen, Scholefield;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Archer, Peter;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Atkinson, Norman (Tottenham);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Barnes, Michael;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Benn, Rt. Hn. Anthony Wedgwood;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Booth, Albert;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cant, R. B.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Brooks, Edwin;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Carmichael, Neil;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chapman, Donald;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Crawahaw, Richard;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Crossman, Rt. Hn. Richard;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dalyell, Tam;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dell, Edmund;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Diamond, Rt. Hn. John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dunnett, Jack;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ellis, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">English, Michael;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ensor, David;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Faulds, Andrew;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fitch, Alan (Wigan);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fletcher, Ted (Darlington);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Foot, Michael (Ebbw Vale);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gardner, Tony;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ginsburg, David;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hale, Leslie (Oldham, W;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hamling, William;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Haseldine, Norman;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hobden, Dennis (Brighton, K'town);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hooley, Frank;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Houghton, Rt. Hn. Douglas;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Howell, Denis (Small Heath);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Huckfield, L;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hughes, Emrys (Ayrshire, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jackson, Colin (B'h'se &amp; Spenb'gh);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jackson, Peter M. (High Peak);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jeger, Mrs.Lena (H'b'n&amp;St. P'cras, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jenkins, Hugh (Putney);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jenkins, Rt. Hn. Roy (Stechford);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jones, Rt. Hn. Sir Elwyn (W. Ham, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Judd, Frank;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kerr, Mrs. Anne (R'ter &amp; Chatham);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kerr, Dr. David (W'worth, Central);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kerr, Russell (Feltham);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luard, Evan;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lyon, Alexander (York);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">MacDermot, Niall;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Macdonald, A. H.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mackintosh, John P.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">McNamara, J. Kevin;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Marquand, David;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mendeleon, J. J.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mikardo, Ian;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Newens, Stan;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Noel-Baker, Francis (Swindon);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Orme, Stanley;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Owen, Dr. David (Plymouth, S'tn);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pannell, Rt. Hn. Charles;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Parkyn, Brian (Bedford);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pavitt, Laurence;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Reynolds, G. W.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Robinson, W. O. J. (Walth'stow, E.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rowland, Christopher (Meriden);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rowlands, E. (Cardiff, N.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ryan, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sharples, Richard;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shaw, Arnold (Ilford, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shore, Peter (Stepney);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Silkin, Rt. Hn. John (Deptford);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Silverman, Julius (Aston;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Skeffington, Arthur;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stonehouse, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Strauss, Rt. Hn. G. R.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Swingler, Stephen;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Taverne, Dick;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Whitaker, Ben;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">White, Mrs. Eirene;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Williams, Alan Lee (Hornchurch);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Williams, Mrs. Shirley (Hitchin);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Wilson, William (Coventry, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Yates, Victor;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mr. Eric G. Varley (TELLER)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>2</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mahon, Peter (Preston, S.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Morgan, Elystan</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>11 (+1 Teller)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Boyle, Rt. Hn. Sir Edward;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Channon, H. P. G.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fraser, Rt. Hn. Hugh (St'fford&amp;Stone);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hunt, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kirk, Peter;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Longden, Gilbert;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Montgomery, Fergus;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ridley, Hn. Nicholas;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Walters, Dennis;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Walker-Smith, Rt. Hn. Sir Derek;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Worsley, Marcus;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mr. Ian Gilmour (TELLER)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>12 (+2 Tellers)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cordle, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Drayson, G. B.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Farr, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Giles, Rear-Adm. Morgan;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Goodhew, Victor;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Legge-Bourke, Sir Harry;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hamilton, Michael (Salisbury);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mawby, Ray;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Page, Graham (Crosby);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Percival, Ian;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sinclair, Sir George;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Taylor, Edward M.(G'gow, Cathcart);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sir Charles Taylor (TELLER);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mr. James Allason (TELLER)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFD700;" data-sort-value="Liberal Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lubbock, Eric;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pardoe, John;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Steel, David (Roxburgh);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Thorpe, Rt. Hn. Jeremy</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">Non-partisan</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Rt. Hn. Horace King </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total</th> <th>99 (+2 <a href="/wiki/Tellers_(Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellers (Parliament of the United Kingdom)">Tellers</a>)</th> <th>14 (+2 <a href="/wiki/Tellers_(Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellers (Parliament of the United Kingdom)">Tellers</a>)</th> <th>1 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Lords">House of Lords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: House of Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:40%"> <caption>Sexual Offences (No. 2) Bill – Second Reading<br />13 July 1967<sup id="cite_ref-13_JULY_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13_JULY-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />Note: absent Members are not listed </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;" colspan="2">Party</th> <th style="width:20%;">Contents</th> <th style="width:20%;">Not Contents </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Crossbench" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbench">Crossbench</a>/<br />Party affiliation unknown </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>54</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Addison, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ailwyn, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Amherst, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Annan, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Archibald, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Asquith of Yarnbury, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Bedford, D. [Teller.];</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Boston, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caccia, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelmsford, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Colgrain, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cork and Orrery, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cranbrook, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Darwen, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Drogheda, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dudley, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Effingham, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Faringdon, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fleck, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Francis-Williams, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Geddes, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Glasgow, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Harvey of Tasburgh, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hayter, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hertford, M.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Killearn, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kinross, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Latham, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lindsey, and Abingdon, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Llewelyn-Davies, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lloyd of Hampstead, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Monson, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Morris of Kenwood, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mountevans, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mowbray and Stourton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Norwich, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Parker of Waddington, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Platt, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Plummer, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rathcreedan, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ritchie of Dundee, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sainsbury, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">St. Davids, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">St. Just, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sempill, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sherfield, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stocks, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Strang, L;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Strange of Knokin, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Teynham, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Thurlow, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Wedgwood, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Wellington, D.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Wootton of Abinger, Bs.</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>24</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Allerton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ampthill, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Balerno, L.</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Craigavon, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cullen of Ashbourne, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Daventry, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fortescue, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Grenfell, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hankey, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Iddesleigh, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kilmarnock, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kirkwood, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Latymer, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Limerick, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">MacAndrew, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">MacLeod of Fuinary, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Merrivale, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Merrivale, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Milverton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Morton of Henryton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Oakshott, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Popplewell, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rowallan, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shannon, E.</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>28</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Beswick, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Bowles, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Brockway, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Burden, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chorley, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Collison, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cooper of Stockton Heath, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Donovan, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gaitskell, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gardiner, L. (L. Chancellor.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gifford, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kennet, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Leatherland, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Longford, E. (L. Privy Seal.);</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mitchison, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ponsonby of Shulbrede, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Burton of Coventry, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Royle, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Segal, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Serota, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shackleton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Soper, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sorensen, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stonham, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stow Hill, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Strabolgi, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Walston, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Winterbottom, L.;</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>9</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Blyton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Buckinghamshire, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Crook, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hall, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hilton of Upton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lindgren, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Peddie, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rowley, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shepherd, L.;</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>15</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Amory, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Arran, E. [Teller.];</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Blackford, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Denham, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Elliot of Harwood, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Emmet of Amberley, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ferrers, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hacking, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Boothby, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jellicoe, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kinnoull, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Listowel, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">McCorquodale of Newton, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sandford, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ward of Witley, V.;</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>13</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Aldington, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Buckinghamshire, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dilhorne, V. [Teller.];</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ferrier, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Grimston of Westbury, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Horsbrugh, Bs.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ilford, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lucas of Chilworth, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Massereene and Ferrard, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Monsell, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">St. Aldwyn, E.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Salisbury, M. [Teller.];</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stuart of Findhorn, V.</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFD700;" data-sort-value="Liberal Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>8</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Airedale, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Amulree, L.</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Barrington, V.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Byers, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Grantchester, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Henley, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ogmore, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rea, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Wells-Pestell, L.</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:black;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">Bishops</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>3</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Canterbury, Abp.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">London, Bp.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Southwark, Bp.</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Scottish Conservatives"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>2</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kilmany, L.;</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Strathclyde, L.</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #AFEEEE;" data-sort-value="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Drumalbyn, L.</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #aadfff;" data-sort-value="Independent Unionist"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Unionist" title="Independent Unionist">Ind. Unionist</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jessel, L.</li></ul> </div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total</th> <th>111</th> <th>48 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The proposal legalised acts that met the conditions of being between two consenting adults in private.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It did not apply to the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>, nor to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. In 1980, <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a> MP stated "I remember a conversation with the then sponsor of the Bill in 1965, Mr. Humphry Berkeley, in which I asked him why he proposed to cover only England and Wales. He was open about it. He said that the Bill was discussed on a Friday and that if he included Scotland in it most of the Scottish Members would stay to vote against it. Probably that was wise and sound judgment on his part".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As with the Wolfenden report's proposal, the bill set the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> for homosexual activity to 21, five years higher than for heterosexual activity. It did not delete the offences of <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">buggery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gross_indecency" title="Gross indecency">gross indecency</a>. Men could still be prosecuted for these offences if their actions did not meet the strict requirements of the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the first time, however, the maximum penalties were differentiated, depending upon why the relevant sexual act was still illegal: whether there was a lack of consent, the age requirement was not satisfied, or the act was not in private.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitudes_towards_decriminalisation">Attitudes towards decriminalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Attitudes towards decriminalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="LGBT+ rights campaigner Peter Tatchell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg/220px-Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg/330px-Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg/440px-Peter_Tatchell_-_Red_Wall_-_8by10_-_2016-10-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="3465" /></a><figcaption>LGBT+ rights campaigner Peter Tatchell</figcaption></figure> <p>According to gay activist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Peter Tatchell</a>, dissent against the bill could be summed up by the <a href="/wiki/William_Ward,_3rd_Earl_of_Dudley" title="William Ward, 3rd Earl of Dudley">Earl of Dudley</a>'s 16 June 1966 statement that "[homosexuals] are the most disgusting people in the world&#160;... Prison is much too good a place for them; in fact, that is a place where many of them like to go—for obvious reasons."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Even proponents of the bill did not condone homosexuality, but instead argued that it was not within the responsibility of the criminal law to penalise homosexual men, who were already the object of ridicule and derision. Roy Jenkins captured the government's attitude: "those who suffer from this disability carry a great weight of shame all their lives" (quoted during parliamentary debate by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> on 4 July 1967). After its passage, Lord Arran said, "I ask those [homosexuals] to show their thanks by comporting themselves quietly and with dignity&#160;... any form of ostentatious behaviour now or in the future or any form of public flaunting would be utterly distasteful&#160;... [And] make the sponsors of this bill regret that they had done what they had done".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bill which would ultimately become the Sexual Offences Act 1967 had twelve sponsors, of which six belonged to the Labour Party (Leo Abse, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Horner_(British_politician)" title="John Horner (British politician)">John Horner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pannell" title="Charles Pannell">Charles Pannell</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Strauss" title="George Strauss">George Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Eric Varley</a>), five to the Conservative Party (<a href="/wiki/Hugh_Fraser_(British_politician)" title="Hugh Fraser (British politician)">Hugh Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilmour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Gilmour">Ian Gilmour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rawlinson,_Baron_Rawlinson_of_Ewell" title="Peter Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell">Peter Rawlinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_St._John-Stevas" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman St. John-Stevas">Norman St. John-Stevas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wood,_Baron_Holderness" title="Richard Wood, Baron Holderness">Richard Wood</a>) and one to the Liberal Party (<a href="/wiki/Jo_Grimond" title="Jo Grimond">Jo Grimond</a>). </p><p>On all of the Bill's stages, most of the votes in favour of it came from Labour and Liberal MPs, while most votes against it came from Conservative MPs; nonetheless, support for the Bill cut through party ranks, with prominent Conservatives <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a> supporting the Bill during its <a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)" title="Reading (legislature)">first two readings</a>. The coalition in favour of the bill was later described as "a combination of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskellites</a> and future Thatcherites".<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-review-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opinion_polling">Opinion polling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1965, an opinion poll commissioned by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> found that 63% of respondents did not believe that homosexuality should be a crime while only 36% agreed it should, although 93% agreed that homosexual men were "in need of medical or psychiatric treatment".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_History" title="BBC History">BBC History</a></i>, Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite wrote "This was a hugely important moment in the history of homosexuality in Britain – but it wasn't a moment of sudden liberation for gay men – and nor was it intended to be."<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One particularly important consequence was the increased <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a> for gay rights groups, leading to an increase in gay rights activism in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Conversely, there was a clampdown on the homosexual activities that were not protected by the law. In the decade after its passage, prosecutions for <a href="/wiki/Gross_indecency" title="Gross indecency">gross indecency</a> involving males tripled.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchistory_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>No subsequent reconsideration of the issue of male homosexuality in statutory law took place in England and Wales until the late 1970s. In 1979, the Home Office Policy Advisory Committee's Working Party report Age of Consent in relation to Sexual Offences recommended that the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> for homosexual acts should be 18. This was rejected at the time, in part due to fears that further decriminalisation would serve only to encourage younger men to experiment sexually with other men, a choice that some at the time claimed would place such an individual outside of wider society. </p><p>The law was extended to Scotland in the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980</a>, which took effect on 1 February 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a result of the 1981 <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> case <i><a href="/wiki/Dudgeon_v._United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudgeon v. United Kingdom">Dudgeon v. United Kingdom</a></i>, the law was extended to Northern Ireland in the <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982</a>. </p><p>In 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Freedom of information in the United Kingdom">Freedom of Information</a> request by journalists at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i> found that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> Advisory Committee had rejected plans to issue a <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">commemorative coin</a> to mark the 50th anniversary of the passing of the act in 2015, concluding that it would not be "commercially viable" due to a perceived "lack of appeal" for the coin amongst <a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">collectors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amendments">Amendments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Amendments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> of 21 for homosexual males set by the 1967 Act was reduced to 18 by the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a> after an attempt to equalise the age of consent with that of the heterosexual age of consent of 16 introduced as an amendment by the then <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Edwina_Currie" title="Edwina Currie">Edwina Currie</a> narrowly failed. This law also extended the definition of <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> to include <a href="/wiki/Male_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Male rape">male rape</a>; until then the latter had been prosecuted as <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">buggery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Acts_1911_and_1949" title="Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949">Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949</a> were invoked to ensure the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_(Amendment)_Act_2000" title="Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000">Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000</a>, which equalised the age of consent to 16 for both homosexual and heterosexual behaviours throughout the UK.</li> <li>The privacy restrictions of the law meant that while two men could have sex, a third person could not participate in the sex or even be present. These restrictions were held to be in breach of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The UK Government brought the law in England and Wales into compliance with that ruling by the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_2003" title="Sexual Offences Act 2003">Sexual Offences Act 2003</a>, which omitted the privacy requirements relating to same-sex male sexual activity. (<a href="/wiki/Cottaging" title="Cottaging">Sexual activity in a public lavatory</a> was made a separate offence.)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_2003" title="Sexual Offences Act 2003">Sexual Offences Act 2003</a>, though subject to some controversy, overhauled the way sexual offences were dealt with by the police and courts, replacing provisions in the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1956" title="Sexual Offences Act 1956">Sexual Offences Act 1956</a> as well as the 1967 Act, while keeping in place the non-criminalization of homosexuality and an equal age of consent. The offences of gross indecency and <a href="/wiki/Buggery" class="mw-redirect" title="Buggery">buggery</a>, which were still formally in place (although superseded and rendered essentially unenforceable by other Acts) were removed from statutory law. As a result of the 2003 Act, the vast majority of the 1967 Act has been repealed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surviving_section">Surviving section</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Surviving section"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only operative section of the Act still in effect is section 6, which states that premises are to be treated for purposes of sections 33 to 35 of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1956" title="Sexual Offences Act 1956">Sexual Offences Act 1956</a> as a brothel "if people resort to it for the purpose of lewd homosexual practices in circumstances in which resort thereto for lewd heterosexual practices would have led to its being treated as a brothel for the purposes of those sections". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/48px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/64px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT rights in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act" title="Sexual Offences Act">Sexual Offences Act</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson's 790-page "The Labour Government 1964–70: a Personal Record" contains no index entry for abortion, or for <a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a> who sponsored abortion law reform, no index entry for homosexuality or for <a href="/wiki/Leo_Abse" title="Leo Abse">Leo Abse</a> who sponsored reform in this area, no entry for divorce, or for censorship. The exception to this pattern is the abolition of capital punishment, which Wilson had consistently supported, and which is discussed at some length in his book.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debate on the Bill had begun in 3 July, but went on past midnight.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The vote and date mentioned make reference to the second reading of the Bill. Its third reading, which actually took place on 21 July, was purely <a href="/wiki/Pro_forma" title="Pro forma">pro forma</a>, with opponents not taking part in the vote since they knew they lacked the numbers necessary to make the measure fail.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Raithby, ed. <i>The Statutes at Large, of England and Great Britain. Laws, etc.</i> Vol. 3. (London: Eyre and Strahan, 1811), p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lord Lansdowne's Act", <i>The Law Magazine</i>, Vol. 1 (1830), Article XIII, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VpEDAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA129">p. 129</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbchistory-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbchistory_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyextra.com/period/modern/the-1967-sexual-offences-act-a-landmark-moment-in-the-history-of-british-homosexuality/">"The 1967 Sexual Offences Act: a landmark moment in the history of British homosexuality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_History" title="BBC History">BBC History</a> magazine. 14 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+1967+Sexual+Offences+Act%3A+a+landmark+moment+in+the+history+of+British+homosexuality&amp;rft.pub=BBC+History+magazine&amp;rft.date=2018-07-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Fperiod%2Fmodern%2Fthe-1967-sexual-offences-act-a-landmark-moment-in-the-history-of-british-homosexuality%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1996" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Patrick (1996). <i>Heterosexual Dictatorship: Male Homosexuality in Postwar Britain</i>. London: Fourth Estate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85702-355-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85702-355-8"><bdi>978-1-85702-355-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Heterosexual+Dictatorship%3A+Male+Homosexuality+in+Postwar+Britain&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Fourth+Estate&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85702-355-8&amp;rft.aulast=Higgins&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-review-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph-review_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125014144/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4706804/Theres-nowt-so-queer-as-folk.html">"There's nowt so queer as folk"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 21 December 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4706804/Theres-nowt-so-queer-as-folk.html">the original</a> on 25 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=There%27s+nowt+so+queer+as+folk&amp;rft.date=1996-12-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2F4706804%2FTheres-nowt-so-queer-as-folk.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(writer)" title="Paul Johnson (writer)">Paul Johnson</a>, Robert Vanderbeck, <i>Law, Religion and Homosexuality</i> (2014), p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen M. Engel, <i>The Unfinished Revolution: Social Movement Theory and the Gay and Lesbian Movement</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/oct/28/sexual-offences-bill-hl#column_729">"Sexual Offences Bill Hl (1965)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. 28 October 1965. col.&#160;729<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Bill+Hl+%281965%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pages=col.-729&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Lords&amp;rft.date=1965-10-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1965%2Foct%2F28%2Fsexual-offences-bill-hl%23column_729&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/feb/11/sexual-offences-bill#column_872">"Sexual Offences Bill (1966)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. 11 February 1966. col.&#160;872<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Bill+%281966%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pages=col.-872&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1966-02-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1966%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fsexual-offences-bill%23column_872&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/apr/26/sexual-offences-bill-hl">"Sexual Offences Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 26 April 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620103103/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/apr/26/sexual-offences-bill-hl">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Bill&amp;rft.date=1966-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1966%2Fapr%2F26%2Fsexual-offences-bill-hl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBRamsey-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNBRamsey_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilkinson, Alan. "Ramsey, (Arthur) Michael, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury (1904–1988)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online&#160;ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40002">10.1093/ref:odnb/40002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Ramsey%2C+%28Arthur%29+Michael%2C+Baron+Ramsey+of+Canterbury+%281904%E2%80%931988%29&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.edition=online&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40002&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span>&#x20;<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jbs-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jbs_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jbs_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Monica_Ramsay2018" class="citation journal cs1">Laura Monica Ramsay (January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjbr.2017.180">"The Church of England, Homosexual Law Reform, and the Shaping of the Permissive Society, 1957–1979"</a>. <i>Journal of British Studies</i>. <b>57</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">108–</span>137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjbr.2017.180">10.1017/jbr.2017.180</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+Church+of+England%2C+Homosexual+Law+Reform%2C+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Permissive+Society%2C+1957%E2%80%931979&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E108-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&amp;rft.date=2018-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fjbr.2017.180&amp;rft.au=Laura+Monica+Ramsay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fjbr.2017.180&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/jul/05/sexual-offences-no-2">"Sexual Offences No 2 (1966)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Commons. 5 July 1966<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+No+2+%281966%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1966-07-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1966%2Fjul%2F05%2Fsexual-offences-no-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Brent_and_Leo_Abse1966" class="citation news cs1">Patricia Brent and Leo Abse (20 December 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818134241/http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/gay_rights/12005.shtml">"Why should homosexuality be decriminalised?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Archives" title="BBC Archives">BBC Archives</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/gay_rights/12005.shtml">the original</a> on 18 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Why+should+homosexuality+be+decriminalised%3F&amp;rft.date=1966-12-20&amp;rft.au=Patricia+Brent+and+Leo+Abse&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fgay_rights%2F12005.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Labour-history-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Labour-history_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Labour-history_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2001" class="citation book cs1">Thorpe, Andrew (2001). <i>A History Of The British Labour Party</i>. Palgrave. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92908-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92908-7"><bdi>978-0-333-92908-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+Of+The+British+Labour+Party&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-333-92908-7&amp;rft.aulast=Thorpe&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, <i>Roy Jenkins: A Well-Rounded Life</i>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4_JULY-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4_JULY_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4_JULY_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1967/jul/03/clause-8-restrictions-on-prosecution#column_1525">"Clause 8 Restrictions on Prosecution (1967)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Clause+8+Restrictions+on+Prosecution+%281967%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pages=col.-1525&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1967-07-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1967%2Fjul%2F03%2Fclause-8-restrictions-on-prosecution%23column_1525&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13_JULY-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-13_JULY_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-13_JULY_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1967/jul/13/sexual-offences-no-2-bill#column_1323">"Sexual Offences No 2 Bill (1967)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. 13 July 1967. col.&#160;1323<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+No+2+Bill+%281967%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pages=col.-1323&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Lords&amp;rft.date=1967-07-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1967%2Fjul%2F13%2Fsexual-offences-no-2-bill%23column_1323&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1967/jul/21/sexual-offences-no-2-bill">"Sexual Offences No 2 Bill (1967)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. 21 July 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+No+2+Bill+%281967%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Lords&amp;rft.date=1967-07-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1967%2Fjul%2F21%2Fsexual-offences-no-2-bill&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Steel1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">David Steel</a> (22 July 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1980/jul/22/homosexual-offences#column_290">"Homosexual Offences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: House of Commons. col.&#160;290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Homosexual+Offences&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.place=United+Kingdom&amp;rft.pages=col.-290&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1980-07-22&amp;rft.au=David+Steel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1980%2Fjul%2F22%2Fhomosexual-offences%23column_290&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/60/section/3">"Sexual Offences Act 1967"</a>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Act+1967&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1967%2F60%2Fsection%2F3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedell2007" class="citation news cs1">Bedell, Geraldine (24 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/jun/24/communities.gayrights">"Coming out of the dark ages"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Coming+out+of+the+dark+ages&amp;rft.date=2007-06-24&amp;rft.aulast=Bedell&amp;rft.aufirst=Geraldine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2007%2Fjun%2F24%2Fcommunities.gayrights&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/jun/16/sexual-offences-bill-hl#S5LV0275P0_19660616_HOL_91">"Sexual Offences Bill Hl (1966)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. House of Lords. 16 June 1966<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Bill+Hl+%281966%29&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Lords&amp;rft.date=1966-06-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1966%2Fjun%2F16%2Fsexual-offences-bill-hl%23S5LV0275P0_19660616_HOL_91&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted during Royal Assent of the bill by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> newspaper on 28 July 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/sexual-offences-act/">"The passing of the 1967 Sexual Offences Act"</a>. The National Archives. 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+passing+of+the+1967+Sexual+Offences+Act&amp;rft.pub=The+National+Archives&amp;rft.date=2017-07-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fsexual-offences-act%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatchell1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Tatchell, Peter</a> (1992). <i>Europe in The Pink</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europe+in+The+Pink&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.aulast=Tatchell&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1996" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Patrick (1996). <i>Heterosexual Dictatorship</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Heterosexual+Dictatorship&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.aulast=Higgins&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1980/dec/17/the-criminal-justice-scotlandact-1980">"Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Written Answers. 17 December 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Criminal+Justice+%28Scotland%29+Act+1980&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pub=Written+Answers&amp;rft.date=1980-12-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1980%2Fdec%2F17%2Fthe-criminal-justice-scotlandact-1980&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120110329/https://attitude.co.uk/article/royal-mint-rejected-coin-commemorating-decriminalisation-of-homosexuality-due-to-lack-of-appeal-1/23571/">"Royal Mint rejected coin commemorating decriminalisation of homosexuality due to 'lack of appeal'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(magazine)" title="Attitude (magazine)">Attitude</a></i>. 3 August 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://attitude.co.uk/article/royal-mint-rejected-coin-commemorating-decriminalisation-of-homosexuality-due-to-lack-of-appeal-1/23571/">the original</a> on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Attitude&amp;rft.atitle=Royal+Mint+rejected+coin+commemorating+decriminalisation+of+homosexuality+due+to+%27lack+of+appeal%27&amp;rft.date=2020-08-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fattitude.co.uk%2Farticle%2Froyal-mint-rejected-coin-commemorating-decriminalisation-of-homosexuality-due-to-lack-of-appeal-1%2F23571%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/9/newsid_2500000/2500803.stm">"1995: First man jailed for male rape"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 June 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=1995%3A+First+man+jailed+for+male+rape&amp;rft.date=1995-06-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjune%2F9%2Fnewsid_2500000%2F2500803.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-58922">"<i>A.D.T. v. United Kingdom</i> (Application no. 35765/97)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a></i>. 31 July 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Court+of+Human+Rights&amp;rft.atitle=A.D.T.+v.+United+Kingdom+%28Application+no.+35765%2F97%29&amp;rft.date=2000-07-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D001-58922&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/71/">"Sexual Offences Act 2003&#58; Section 71"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, 2003 c. 42 &#32;(s. 71)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Sexual+Offences+Act+2003%26%2358%3B+Section+71&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2003%2F42%2Fsection%2F71%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tatchell, P <i>Europe in the Pink</i> London: Gay Men's Press, 1995</li> <li>The Times in Microfilm Facsimile Periodical Publications, London <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> 1967 (available in digital form via JISC)</li> <li>Wolfenden, J (chair) <i>The Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution</i> (cmnd 247) HMSO, 1958</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,2109769,00.html">Coming out of the dark ages</a>, Geraldine Bedell, <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, 24 June 2007</li> <li>Grey, Antony <i>Quest for Justice</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair-Stevenson" title="Sinclair-Stevenson">Sinclair-Stevenson</a>, 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_Offences_Act_1967&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1967/pdf/ukpga_19670060_en.pdf">"Original text of the <i>Sexual Offences Act 1967</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Sector_Information" title="Office of Public Sector Information">Office of Public Sector Information</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Original+text+of+the+Sexual+Offences+Act+1967&amp;rft.pub=Office+of+Public+Sector+Information&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts1967%2Fpdf%2Fukpga_19670060_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1186262">"Text of the <i>Sexual Offences Act 1967</i> as amended and in force today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Statute_Law_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Statute Law Database">UK Statute Law Database</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Text+of+the+Sexual+Offences+Act+1967+as+amended+and+in+force+today&amp;rft.pub=UK+Statute+Law+Database&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutelaw.gov.uk%2Fcontent.aspx%3FactiveTextDocId%3D1186262&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+Offences+Act+1967" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>In the House of Lords, the bill was discussed in 1965 on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/may/12/homosexual-offences#S5LV0266P0_19650512_HOL_97">12 May</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/may/24/sexual-offences-bill-hl-1#S5LV0266P0_19650524_HOL_60">24 May</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/jun/21/sexual-offences-bill-hl#S5LV0267P0_19650621_HOL_52">21 June</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/jun/21/sexual-offences-bill#S5LV0267P0_19650621_HOL_191">in committee</a> the same day, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/jul/16/sexual-offences-bill-hl">on 16 July</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1965/oct/28/sexual-offences-bill-hl#column_729">and 28 October</a>, in 1966 on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/may/10/sexual-offences-bill-hl#S5LV0274P0_19660510_HOL_209">10 May 1966</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/may/23/sexual-offences-bill-hl#S5LV0274P0_19660523_HOL_38">23 May</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1966/jun/16/sexual-offences-bill-hl#S5LV0275P0_19660616_HOL_132">and 16 June</a>, and in 1967 on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1967/jul/13/sexual-offences-no-2-bill">13 July</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1967/jul/21/sexual-offences-no-2-bill">and 21 July</a>.</li> <li>In the House of Commons, the bill was discussed in 1966 on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/feb/11/sexual-offences-bill">11 February</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/jul/05/sexual-offences-no-2">6 July</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/dec/19/orders-of-the-day">19 November</a>, and in 1967 on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/sittings/1967/jun/23">23 June</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/sittings/1967/jul/03">3 July</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/sexual-offences-act-1967/sexual-offences-act-1967/">50th anniversary of the 1967 Sexual Offences Act - UK Parliament - Living Heritage</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_same-sex_sexual_activity_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Legality of same-sex sexual activity in Australia">Australia</a> (1975/1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_homosexuality_in_Brazil" title="Legal status of homosexuality in Brazil">Brazil</a> (1533–1830)</li> <li>Canada (?–<a href="/wiki/Criminal_Law_Amendment_Act,_1968%E2%80%9369" title="Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69">1969</a>)</li> <li>Cyprus (<a href="/wiki/Section_171_of_the_Criminal_Code_of_Cyprus" title="Section 171 of the Criminal Code of Cyprus">Section 171</a>, 1929–1998)</li> <li>Germany (<a href="/wiki/Paragraph_175" title="Paragraph 175">Paragraph 175</a>, 1871–1969/1994)</li> <li>New Zealand (1840–<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Law_Reform_Act_1986" title="Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986">1986</a>)</li> <li>Singapore (<a href="/wiki/Section_377A_of_the_Penal_Code_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 377A of the Penal Code (Singapore)">Section 377A</a>, 1938–2007/2022)</li> <li>Norway (<a href="/wiki/Section_213_of_the_Norwegian_Penal_Code" title="Section 213 of the Norwegian Penal Code">Section 213</a>,&#160;?–1972)</li> <li>Romania (<a href="/wiki/Article_200" title="Article 200">Article 200</a>, 1968–1996/2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">Russia</a> (1832–1917, 1933–1993)</li> <li>South Africa (<a href="/wiki/Section_20A" title="Section 20A">Section 20A</a>, 1969–2007)</li> <li>United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">1533</a>–<a class="mw-selflink selflink">1967</a>/<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">1982</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">Decriminalization of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia#LGBT_rights" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐b766959bd‐zzfwx Cached time: 20250216201520 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.956 seconds Real time usage: 1.250 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10407/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 295060/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14301/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 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