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නයිජීරියාව - විකිපීඩියා

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#a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <p><b>නයිජීරියාව</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නිල වශයෙන් <b>නයිජීරියා ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජය</b>, බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ රටකි.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එය අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරයේ උතුරින් සහෙල් සහ දකුණින් ගිනියා බොක්ක අතර පිහිටා ඇත. එය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 923,769 (වර්ග සැතපුම් 356,669) ක ප්‍රදේශයක් ආවරණය කරයි, සහ මිලියන 230 කට අධික ජනගහනයක් සහිත එය අප්‍රිකාවේ වඩාත්ම ජනාකීර්ණ රට වන අතර ලෝකයේ හයවන වැඩිම ජනගහනය සහිත රට වේ. නයිජීරියාව මායිම් වන්නේ උතුරින් නයිජර්, ඊසාන දෙසින් චැඩ්, නැගෙනහිරින් කැමරූන් සහ බටහිරින් බෙනින් ය. නයිජීරියාව යනු ප්‍රාන්ත 36 කින් සහ අගනුවර වන අබුජා පිහිටා ඇති ෆෙඩරල් අගනුවර ප්‍රදේශයෙන් සමන්විත ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජයකි. නයිජීරියාවේ විශාලතම නගරය ලාගෝස් වන අතර එය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම නගරවලින් එකක් වන අතර අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම නගරය වේ.</p> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="fn org country-name"> නයිජීරියා ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජය </div> <div class="ib-country-names"> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r573301">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span title="Hausa-language text"><i lang="ha">Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya</i></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hausa_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hausa භාෂාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Hausa</a>)</span></li> <li><span title="Igbo-language text"><i lang="ig">Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà</i></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Igbo_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Igbo භාෂාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Igbo</a>)</span></li> <li><span title="Yoruba-language text"><i lang="yo">Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà</i></span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yoruba භාෂාව (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Yoruba</a>)</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of නයිජීරියාව"><img alt="Flag of නයිජීරියාව" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/130px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/195px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/260px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></a></span> </div> <div> Flag </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of නයිජීරියාව"><img alt="Coat of arms of නයිජීරියාව" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1276"></a></span> </div> <div> Coat of arms </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>උද්යෝග පාඨය:&nbsp;</b>"එකමුතුව සහ විශ්වාසය, සාමය සහ ප්‍රගතිය"</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>ජාතික ගීය:</b>&nbsp;"<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arise,_O_Compatriots&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arise, O Compatriots (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Arise, O Compatriots</a>" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="49" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga/National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga/National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/National_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;flac&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=ff&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ff" label="Fulfulde ‪(ff)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=ha&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ha" label="Hausa ‪(ha)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=ig&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ig" label="Igbo ‪(ig)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=kcg&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kcg" label="Tyap ‪(kcg)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Nigeria.oga&amp;lang=yo&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yo" label="Yorùbá ‪(yo)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="switcher-container"> <div> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigeria_(orthographic_projection).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nigeria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Nigeria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nigeria_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/330px-Nigeria_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nigeria_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/440px-Nigeria_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553"></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">ලෝක ගෝලය පෙන්වන්න</span> </div> <div> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300"></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">අප්‍රිකාවේ සිතියම පෙන්වන්න</span> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">අගනුවර</th> <td class="infobox-data">අබුජා<br><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r492521">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3D%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580%26params%3D9_4_N_7_29_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°4′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°29′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.067°N 7.483°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.067; 7.483</span></span></span></a></span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">විශාලතම නගරය</th> <td class="infobox-data">ලාගෝස්</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">නිල&nbsp;භාෂා(ව)</th> <td class="infobox-data">ඉංග්‍රීසි</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ජාතික භාෂා</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r573293">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="හවුසා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">හවුසා</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ඉග්බෝ (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ඉග්බෝ</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="යොරුබා (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">යොරුබා</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">කලාපීය භාෂා<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <td class="infobox-data">භාෂා 525 කට වඩා<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_group?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ජනවාර්ගික&nbsp;කණ්ඩායම්</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Africa:_Nigeria_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Africa:_Nigeria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul> <li>30% හවුසා ජනතාව</li> <li>15.5% යොරුබා ජනතාව</li> <li>15.2% ඉග්බෝ ජනතාව</li> <li>6% ෆුලා ජනතාව</li> <li>2.4% ටිවි ජනතාව</li> <li>2.4% කනුරි ජනතාව</li> <li>1.8% ඉබිබියෝ ජනතාව</li> <li>1.8% ඉජාව් ජනතාව</li> <li>24.9% වෙනත්</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Demonym&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Demonym (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ජාති නාම(ය)</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">නයිජීරියානුවන්</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">රජය</th> <td class="infobox-data">ෆෙඩරල් <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ජනාධිපති ජනරජය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ජනාධිපති ජනරජය</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r707528"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;ජනාධිපති </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">බොලා ටිනුබු</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;උප ජනාධිපති </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">කාෂිම් ෂෙට්ටිමා</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;සෙනෙට් සභාපති </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">ගෝඩ්ස්විල් අක්පාබියෝ</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;සභා කථානායක </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">තාජුඩීන් අබ්බාස්</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;අගවිනිසුරු </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">ඕලුකායෝඩේ ඇරිවුලා</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය</th> <td class="infobox-data">ජාතික සභාව</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Upper_house&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Upper house (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">උත්තර මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">සෙනට් සභාව</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lower_house&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lower house (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">නියෝජිත මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ස්වාධීනත්වය&nbsp; <div class="ib-country-sovereignty"> එක්සත් රාජධානියෙන් </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r707528"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක කලාපය </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1900 ජනවාරි 1</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;දකුණු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක කලාපය </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1900 ජනවාරි 1</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;නයිජීරියාව එක්සත් කිරීම </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1914 ජනවාරි 1</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;ස්වාධීන ස්වෛරී රාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස ප්‍රකාශ කිරීම </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1960 ඔක්තෝබර් 1</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;ජනරජයක් බවට පත් වීම </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1963 ඔක්තෝබර් 1</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> •&nbsp;වත්මන් ව්‍යවස්ථාව </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1999 මැයි 29</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">වර්ග ප්‍රමාණය</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;සම්පූර්ණ </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">923,769&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (356,669&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">31 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;ජලය&nbsp;(%) </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1.4</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ජනගහණය</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;2023 ඇස්තමේන්තුව </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346"></span></span> 230,842,743<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of countries and dependencies by population (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">6 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;ජන ඝණත්වය </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">249.8/km<sup>2</sup> (647.0/sq&nbsp;mi) (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">42 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය">දදේනි</a>&nbsp;<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r508929">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ක්‍රය ශක්ති සාම්‍යය">ක්‍රශසා</a>)</span></th> <td class="infobox-data">2023&nbsp;ඇස්තමේන්තුව</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;සම්පූර්ණ </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> ඇ.ඩො. ට්‍රිලියන 1.365<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.NG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">27 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;ඒක පුද්ගල </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> ඇ.ඩො. 6,147<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.NG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">143 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය">දදේනි</a>&nbsp; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r508929"><span class="nobold">(නාමික)</span></th> <td class="infobox-data">2023&nbsp;ඇස්තමේන්තුව</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;සම්පූර්ණ </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 390.002<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.NG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">39 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> •&nbsp;ඒක පුද්ගල </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> ඇ.ඩො. 1,755<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-3" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.NG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">154 වෙනි</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ගිනි සංගුණකය">ගිනි</a>&nbsp; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r508929"><span class="nobold">(2020)</span></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span>&nbsp;35.1<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:orange">මධ්‍යම</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="මානව සංවර්ධන දර්ශකය">මාසද</a>&nbsp; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r508929"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span>&nbsp;0.548<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HDI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red">පහළ</span></span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="මානව සංවර්ධන දර්ශකය අනුව රටවල් ලැයිස්තුව">161 වෙනි</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ව්‍යවහාර මුදල</th> <td class="infobox-data">නයිජීරියානු නයිරා (₦) (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NGN</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">වේලා කලාපය</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="සමායෝජිත විශ්ව වේලාව">UTC</a>+01:00</span> (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=West_Africa_Time&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="West Africa Time (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">WAT</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Left-_and_right-hand_traffic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Left- and right-hand traffic (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">රිය ධාවන මං තීරුව</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">දකුණ<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ඇමතුම් කේතය</th> <td class="infobox-data">+234</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Country_code_top-level_domain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Country code top-level domain (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">අන්තර්ජාල TLD</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=.ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title=".ng (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">.ng</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>ක්‍රි.පූ. දෙවන සහස්‍රයේ සිට නයිජීරියාව ස්වදේශික පූර්ව යටත් විජිත රාජ්‍ය සහ රාජධානි කිහිපයකට නිවහන වී ඇත, ක්‍රි.පූ. 15 වැනි සියවසේ නෝක් ශිෂ්ටාචාරය ප්‍රථම අභ්‍යන්තර එකමුතුව සනිටුහන් කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නූතන රාජ්‍යය 19 වන සියවසේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිතකරණයත් සමඟ ආරම්භ වූ අතර, එහි වර්තමාන භෞමික හැඩය ගනිමින් දකුණු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක ප්‍රදේශය සහ උතුරු නයිජීරියා ආරක්ෂක ප්‍රදේශය 1914 දී ඒකාබද්ධ විය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සාම්ප්‍රදායික ප්‍රධානීන් හරහා වක්‍ර පාලනයක් ක්‍රියාත්මක කරමින් පරිපාලන හා නීතිමය ව්‍යුහයන් පිහිටුවූහ.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව 1960 ඔක්තෝබර් 1 දින නිල වශයෙන් ස්වාධීන සම්මේලනයක් බවට පත් විය. එය 1967 සිට 1970 දක්වා සිවිල් යුද්ධයකට මුහුණ දුන් අතර, පසුව මිලිටරි ආඥාදායකත්වයන් සහ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදීව තේරී පත් වූ සිවිල් ආන්ඩු අනුප්‍රාප්තිකය, 1999 නයිජීරියානු ජනාධිපතිවරණයෙන් ඔලුසෙගුන් මැතිවරණයෙන් ස්ථාවර රජයක් අත්පත් කර ගන්නා තෙක් මහජන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂයේ ඔබසන්ජෝ පාලනය කලේය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, රට නිතර මැතිවරණ වංචා අත්විඳින අතර, නයිජීරියානු දේශපාලනයේ සෑම තරාතිරමකම දූෂණය සැලකිය යුතු ලෙස පවතී.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාව යනු විවිධ භාෂා 500ක් කතා කරන ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් 250කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් වාසය කරන බහුජාතික රාජ්‍යයක් වන අතර, ඒ සියල්ල විවිධාකාර සංස්කෘතීන් සමඟ හඳුනාගෙන ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> විශාලතම ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් තුන වන්නේ උතුරේ හවුසා, බටහිරින් යොරුබා සහ නැගෙනහිරින් ඉග්බෝ ය, මුළු ජනගහනයෙන් 60% කට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් සමන්විත වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව ඉංග්‍රීසි වන අතර එය ජාතික මට්ටමින් භාෂාමය එකමුතුවට පහසුකම් සැලසීමට තෝරාගෙන ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව ආගමේ ජූර් නිදහස සහතික කරයි,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එය ලොව විශාලතම මුස්ලිම් සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ජනගහනයෙන් සමහරක් වාසය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව රටේ උතුරු ප්‍රදේශයේ වැඩි වශයෙන් ජීවත් වන මුස්ලිම්වරුන් සහ බොහෝ දුරට දකුණේ ජීවත් වන ක්‍රිස්තියානීන් අතර දළ වශයෙන් අඩකින් බෙදී ඇත. ඉග්බෝ සහ යොරුබා ජනවර්ගවලට ආවේණික වූ ස්වදේශික ආගම් සුළුතරයේ ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-USEN_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-USEN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකාවේ කලාපීය බලවතෙකු වන අතර ජාත්‍යන්තර කටයුතුවල මධ්‍යම බලවතෙකි. නයිජීරියාවේ ආර්ථිකය අප්‍රිකාවේ දෙවන විශාලතම, නාමික දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයෙන් ලෝකයේ 39 වැනි විශාලතම සහ PPP අනුව 27 වැනි විශාලතම ආර්ථිකය වේ. නයිජීරියාව බොහෝ විට එහි විශාල ජනගහනය සහ ආර්ථිකය හේතුවෙන් අප්‍රිකාවේ යෝධයා ලෙස හැඳින්වේ,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සහ ලෝක බැංකුව විසින් නැගී එන වෙළඳපොළක් ලෙස සැලකේ. නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකානු සංගමයේ ආරම්භක සාමාජිකයෙකු වන අතර එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය, පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ජාතීන්, NAM,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු රාජ්‍යයන්ගේ ආර්ථික ප්‍රජාව, ඉස්ලාමීය සහයෝගීතා සංවිධානය සහ OPEC ඇතුළු බොහෝ ජාත්‍යන්තර සංවිධානවල සාමාජිකයෙකි. එය අවිධිමත් MINT රටවල් සමූහයේ ද සාමාජිකයෙකු වන අතර ඊළඟ ආර්ථිකයන් එකොළොස් දෙනාගෙන් එකකි.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="si" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">පටුන</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">නිරුක්තිය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">ඉතිහාසය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">මුල් ඉතිහාසය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">පූර්ව යටත් විජිත යුගය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිතකරණය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">ස්වාධීනත්වය සහ ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">පළමු ජනරජයේ වැටීම සහ සිවිල් යුද්ධය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A5%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">දෙවන ජනරජය සහ මිලිටරි ආඥාදායකත්වය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_12_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">ජුනි 12 සහ තුන්වන ජනරජයේ අර්බුදය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8_(1999%E2%80%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA)"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය වෙත ආපසු පැමිණීම (1999–වර්තමානය)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">භූගෝලය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">ජලය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">වෘක්ෂලතාදිය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">පාරිසරික ගැටළු</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">දේශපාලනය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">ආණ්ඩුව</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">පරිපාලන අංශ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">නීතිය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B3%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">විදේශ සබඳතා</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">හමුදා</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">කලාපීය ගැටුම්</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">ආර්ථිකය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">කෘෂිකර්මය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">තෙල් සහ ස්වාභාවික වායු</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">බලශක්ති</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">විදුලිබලය</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">නිෂ්පාදන හා තාක්ෂණය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">අන්තර්ජාල හා විදුලි සංදේශ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">සංචාරක ව්‍යාපාරය</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">යටිතල පහසුකම්</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">මාර්ග</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">දුම්රිය ප්‍රවාහනය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">ගුවන් ගමනාගමනය</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">ජනවිකාසය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">භාෂා</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">ආගම්</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">7.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">ගැටුම්</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">සෞඛ්‍ය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">අධ්‍යාපනය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">අපරාධ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">දරිද්‍රතාවය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">මානව හිමිකම්</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">සංස්කෘතිය</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">සාහිත්‍ය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">සංගීතය</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">සිනමාව</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%80"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">උත්සව</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">ආහාර</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">විලාසිතා</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">ක්‍රීඩා</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">සටහන්</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">යොමු කිරීම්</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="නිරුක්තිය"><span id=".E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA"></span>නිරුක්තිය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: නිරුක්තිය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>නයිජීරියාව යන නම ලැබී ඇත්තේ රට හරහා ගලා යන නයිජර් ගංගාවෙනි. මෙම නම 1897 ජනවාරි 8 වන දින බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය මාධ්‍යවේදිනියක් වන ෆ්ලෝරා ෂෝ විසින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලදී. අසල්වැසි නයිජර් ජනරජය එහි නම ලබා ගන්නේ එකම ගඟෙනි. නයිජර් ගඟේ මැද ප්‍රදේශයට පමණක් මුලින් යෙදුණු නයිජර් යන නාමයේ ආරම්භය අවිනිශ්චිතය. මෙම වචනය 19 වැනි සියවසේ යුරෝපීය යටත්විජිතවාදයට පෙර ටිම්බක්ටු අවට ගංගාවේ මැද ප්‍රදේශයේ වැසියන් විසින් භාවිතා කරන ලද ඊගරේව් එන්-ඉගරෙවෙන් යන ටුවාරෙග් නාමයේ වෙනසක් විය හැකිය.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ෆ්ලෝරා ෂෝ නයිජීරියාව යන නම යෝජනා කිරීමට පෙර, අනෙකුත් යෝජිත නම්වලට රාජකීය නයිජර් සමාගම් ප්‍රදේශ, මධ්‍යම සුඩානය, නයිජර් අධිරාජ්‍යය, නයිජර් සුඩානය සහ හවුසා ප්‍රදේශ ඇතුළත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ඉතිහාසය"><span id=".E0.B6.89.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.BA"></span>ඉතිහාසය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ඉතිහාසය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ප්‍රාග්_ඉතිහාසය"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.89.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.BA"></span>ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>කයින්ජි වේල්ල කැණීම් මගින් ක්‍රි.පූ 2 වන සියවස වන විට යකඩ වැඩ පෙන්නුම් කරන ලදී. නව ශිලා යුගයේ සිට යකඩ යුගය දක්වා සංක්‍රමණය සිදු වූයේ අතරමැදි ලෝකඩ නිෂ්පාදනයකින් තොරවය. සමහරු යෝජනා කර ඇත්තේ තාක්ෂණය නයිල් නිම්නයේ සිට බටහිර දෙසට ගමන් කළ බවයි. නමුත් නයිජර් ගංගා නිම්නයේ සහ වනාන්තර ප්‍රදේශයේ යකඩ යුගය ඉහළ සැවානා ප්‍රදේශයේ ලෝහ විද්‍යාව හඳුන්වාදීමට වසර 800 කට වඩා පෙර මෙන්ම නයිල් නිම්නයේ එය පෙර පැවති බව පෙනේ. වඩාත් මෑතකාලීන පර්යේෂණවලින් පෙනී යන්නේ යකඩ ලෝහ විද්‍යාව උප සහරා අප්‍රිකාවේ ස්වාධීනව වර්ධනය වූ බවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Tylecote_1975_see_below_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Tylecote_1975_see_below-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_51–59_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_53–54_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Holl-2020#2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Holl-2020#2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg/220px-Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="2500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 331px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg/220px-Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="331" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg/330px-Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg/440px-Nok_sculpture_Louvre_70-1998-11-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නෝක් මූර්ති, ටෙරාකොටා </figcaption> </figure> <p>නොක් ශිෂ්ටාචාරය ක්‍රි.පූ. 1,500 සහ ක්‍රි.ව. 200 අතර සමෘද්ධිමත් විය. එය ජීව ප්‍රමාණයේ ටෙරාකොටා රූප නිපදවා ඇති අතර ඒවා උප සහරා අප්‍රිකාවේ<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_PB_2014_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_PB_2014-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_archaeology_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_archaeology-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> පැරණිතම ප්‍රතිමාවන් වන අතර යකඩ උණු කරන ලදී. ක්‍රිපූ 550 පමණ සහ සමහර විට සියවස් කිහිපයකට පෙරය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Tylecote_1975_see_below_26-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Tylecote_1975_see_below-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_51–59_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_53–54_28-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ගිනිකොනදිග නයිජීරියාවේ න්සුක්කා ප්‍රදේශයේ ස්ථානවලින් යකඩ උණු කිරීම පිළිබඳ සාක්ෂි ද කැණීම් කර ඇත: ලෙජ්ජා අඩවියේ<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eze-Uzomaka_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eze-Uzomaka-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ක්‍රිපූ 2000 දක්වා සහ ක්‍රිපූ 750 දක්වා සහ ඕපි අඩවියේ.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="මුල්_ඉතිහාසය"><span id=".E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.89.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.BA"></span>මුල් ඉතිහාසය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: මුල් ඉතිහාසය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg/220px-Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 297px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg/220px-Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="297" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg/330px-Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg/440px-Queen_Mother_Pendant_Mask-_Iyoba_MET_DP231460.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ වඩාත්ම පිළිගත් පුරාවස්තු වලින් එකක් වන රාජකීය බෙනින් ඇත්දළ වෙස් මුහුණ. බෙනින් අධිරාජ්යය, 16 වන සියවස. </figcaption> </figure> <p>කැනෝ ක්‍රොනිකල්, දවුරා, හදීජා, කැනෝ, කට්සිනා, සාසාවු, රනෝ සහ ගෝබීර් යන අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන හවුසා නගර (හෝ හවුසා බක්වායි) සමග හවුසා සහේලියන් නගර-ප්‍රාන්තයේ කැනෝ හි 999 පමණ දක්වා දිවෙන පුරාණ ඉතිහාසයක් ඉස්මතු කරයි. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 7 වැනි සියවසේ සිට ඉස්ලාම් ආගම පැතිරීමත් සමඟ එම ප්‍රදේශය සුඩානය හෝ බිලාඩ් අල් සුඩාන් (ඉංග්‍රීසි: කළු ජාතිකයන්ගේ දේශය) ලෙස ප්‍රසිද්ධ විය. ජනගහනය උතුරු අප්‍රිකාවේ අරාබි මුස්ලිම් සංස්කෘතියට අර්ධ වශයෙන් අනුබද්ධ වූ බැවින්, ඔවුන් ට්‍රාන්ස් සහරා වෙළඳාම ආරම්භ කළ අතර අරාබි කථිකයන් විසින් අල්-සුඩාන් (එනම් "කළු ජාතිකයන්") ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලැබුවේ ඔවුන් මුස්ලිම්වරුන්ගේ දිගු කොටසක් ලෙස සැලකූ බැවිනි. ලෝක. මධ්‍යතන යුගයේ අරාබි සහ මුස්ලිම් ඉතිහාසඥයින් සහ භූගෝල විද්‍යාඥයින් විසින් මුල් ඓතිහාසික යොමු කිරීම් තිබේ. ඒවා ඉස්ලාමීය ශිෂ්ටාචාරය සඳහා කලාපයේ ප්‍රධාන මධ්‍යස්ථානය ලෙස කැනෙම්-බෝර්නු අධිරාජ්‍යය සඳහන් කරයි.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විකිපීඩියා:තහවුරු කිරීමක් අවශ්‍යයි"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (2023 දෙසැම්බර්)">තහවුරු කර නොමැත</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>ඉග්බෝ ජනයාගේ න්‍රි රාජධානිය 10 වන සියවසේදී තහවුරු වූ අතර 1911 දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන්ට එහි ස්වෛරීභාවය අහිමි වන තෙක් පැවතුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Juang3_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Juang3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> න්‍රි ඊස් න්‍රි විසින් පාලනය කරන ලද අතර න්‍රි නගරය ඉග්බෝ සංස්කෘතියේ පදනම ලෙස සැලකේ. ඉග්බෝ මැවීමේ මිථ්‍යාව ආරම්භ වන න්‍රි සහ අගුලේරි, උමේරි වංශයේ භූමියේ ඇත. වංශයේ සාමාජිකයන් ඔවුන්ගේ පෙළපත පීතෘමූලික රජ-රූපය වන ඊරි දක්වා ආපසු හඹා යයි.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ, නැතිවූ ඉටි ක්‍රියාවලිය භාවිතයෙන් සාදන ලද පැරණිතම ලෝකඩ න්‍රි බලපෑමට යටත් වූ නගරයක් වන ඉග්බෝ-උක්වු වෙතින් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Juang3_36-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Juang3-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නිරිතදිග නයිජීරියාවේ ඉෆේ සහ ඔයෝහි යොරුබා රාජධානි පිළිවෙලින් 12 වන<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Falola13_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Falola13-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සහ 14 වන<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ශතවර්ෂ වලදී ප්‍රමුඛ විය. ඉෆෙ හි වත්මන් අඩවියේ මානව ජනාවාස පිළිබඳ පැරණිතම සලකුණු 9 වන සියවස දක්වා දිව යයි,<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Falola13_39-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Falola13-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එහි ද්‍රව්‍යමය සංස්කෘතියට ටෙරාකොටා සහ ලෝකඩ රූප ඇතුළත් වේ.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="පූර්ව_යටත්_විජිත_යුගය"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.96.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80_.E0.B6.BA.E0.B6.A7.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.A2.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD_.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.9C.E0.B6.BA"></span>පූර්ව යටත් විජිත යුගය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: පූර්ව යටත් විජිත යුගය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Benin_city.JPG"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Ancient_Benin_city.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ancient_Benin_city.JPG/220px-Ancient_Benin_city.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ancient_Benin_city.JPG/220px-Ancient_Benin_city.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ancient_Benin_city.JPG/330px-Ancient_Benin_city.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ancient_Benin_city.JPG/440px-Ancient_Benin_city.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1668 දී ලන්දේසි චිත්‍ර ශිල්පියෙකු විසින් බෙනින් නගරය නිරූපණය කිරීම. මධ්‍යයේ ඇති බිත්තියක් වැනි ව්‍යුහය බෙනින් ලෝකඩයෙන් සරසා ඇති ඓතිහාසික බෙනින් සිටි මාලිගය පිහිටා ඇති බෙනින් හි බිත්ති නියෝජනය කරයි. </figcaption> </figure> <p>16 වන ශතවර්ෂයේදී, පෘතුගීසි ගවේෂකයන් දකුණු නයිජීරියාවේ ජනතාව සමඟ වැදගත් සෘජු වෙළඳාමක් ආරම්භ කළ පළමු යුරෝපීයයන් වූ අතර, ඔවුන් ලාගෝස් (කලින් එකෝ) වරායේදී සහ කොම්පඤ්ඤ වෙරළ තීරයේ කැලබාර්හි නම් කළහ. යුරෝපීයයන් වෙරළ තීරයේ මිනිසුන් සමඟ භාණ්ඩ වෙළඳාම් කළහ; යුරෝපීයයන් සමඟ වෙරළබඩ වෙළඳාමද අත්ලාන්තික් වහල් වෙළඳාමේ ආරම්භය සනිටුහන් කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_diverse-slavery_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඓතිහාසික බයිට් ඔෆ් බියාෆ්‍රා හි කැලබාර් වරාය (දැන් සාමාන්‍යයෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලබන්නේ බොනී බොනී ලෙසයි) මෙම යුගයේ බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම වහල්-වෙළඳාම් තනතුරුවලින් එකක් බවට පත් විය. අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන වහල් වරායන් පිහිටා තිබුනේ බඩග්‍රි, ලාගෝස් හි බෙනින්හි විශාලත්වය හා සහ බොනී අයිලන්ඩ් හි බයිට් ඔෆ් බයිෆ්රා හි ය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_diverse-slavery_42-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_slave-trade_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙම වරායන් වෙත ගෙන ගිය බහුතරයක් වැටලීම් සහ යුද්ධ වලදී අල්ලා ගන්නා ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සාමාන්‍යයෙන්, වහලුන් බලහත්කාරයෙන් ශ්‍රමය ලෙස ජයග්‍රාහකයන්ගේ ප්‍රදේශයට ආපසු ගෙන යනු ලැබීය. ඔවුන් සමහර විට ක්‍රමයෙන් දියුණු වී ජයග්‍රාහකයන්ගේ සමාජයට අවශෝෂණය විය. ප්‍රධාන වෙරළබඩ වරායන් සමඟ කඳුකර ප්‍රදේශ සම්බන්ධ කරමින් නයිජීරියාව පුරා වහල් මාර්ග ස්ථාපිත කරන ලදී. අත්ලාන්තික් වහල් වෙළඳාමට සහභාගී වූ වඩාත් බහුල වහල් වෙළඳාමේ රාජධානි දකුණේ එඩෝගේ බෙනින් අධිරාජ්‍යය, නිරිත දෙසින් ඕයෝ අධිරාජ්‍යය සහ ගිනිකොන දෙසින් ඇරෝ කන්ෆෙඩරසි සමඟ සම්බන්ධ විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_diverse-slavery_42-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_slave-trade_43-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බෙනින්ගේ බලය 15වන සහ 19වන සියවස් අතර පැවතුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17 වැනි සියවසේ අග භාගයේ සිට 18 වැනි සියවසේ මුල් භාගයේ එහි භෞමික උච්චතම අවස්ථාව වූ ඕයෝ, බටහිර නයිජීරියාවේ සිට නූතන ටෝගෝ දක්වා එහි බලපෑම ව්‍යාප්ත කළේය.</p> <p>උතුරේ, හවුසා නගර රාජ්‍යයන් අතර නොනවතින සටන් සහ බෝර්නු අධිරාජ්‍යයේ පරිහානිය නිසා ෆුලානි ජනයාට කලාපයට ප්‍රගතියක් ලබා ගැනීමට හැකි විය. මේ මොහොත වන තුරු, සංචාරශීලී ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායමක් වන ෆුලානි, මූලික වශයෙන් ගවයින් සමඟ සුඩානයට උතුරින් අර්ධ කාන්තාර සහේලියන් ප්‍රදේශය හරහා ගමන් කළ අතර වෙළඳාම සහ සුඩාන ජනයා සමඟ මිශ්‍ර වීමෙන් වැළකී සිටියහ. 19 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ ආරම්භයේ දී, උස්මාන් ඩෑන් ෆෝඩියෝ විසින් මධ්‍යගත සොකෝටෝ කැලිෆේට් ආරම්භ කරමින් හවුසා රාජධානිවලට එරෙහිව සාර්ථක ජිහාඩයක් මෙහෙයවීය. අරාබි භාෂාව එහි රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව වූ මෙම අධිරාජ්‍යය, ඔහුගේ සහ ඔහුගේ පරම්පරාවේ පාලනය යටතේ වේගයෙන් වර්ධනය වූ අතර, ඔවුන් සෑම දිශාවකටම ආක්‍රමණික හමුදාවන් යැවීය. විශාල ගොඩබිම් සහිත අධිරාජ්‍යය නැගෙනහිර බටහිර සුඩාන ප්‍රදේශය සමඟ සම්බන්ධ කර ඔයෝ අධිරාජ්‍යයේ (වර්තමාන ක්වාරා) කොටස් දකුණු ආක්‍රමණය කර අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරයට ළඟා වීමට ඉබාදාන්හි යොරුබා හදවත දෙසට ගමන් කළේය. අධිරාජ්‍යය විසින් පාලනය කරන ලද භූමියට නූතන උතුරු සහ මධ්‍යම නයිජීරියාවේ බොහෝ ප්‍රදේශ ඇතුළත් විය. සුල්තාන් විසින් යටත් කරගත් ප්‍රදේශයන්හි ආධිපත්‍යය ස්ථාපිත කිරීමට සහ ඉස්ලාමීය ශිෂ්ටාචාරය ප්‍රවර්ධනය කිරීමට එමීර්වරුන් යැවීය. එමීර්වරු වෙළඳාම සහ වහල්භාවය තුළින් වඩ වඩාත් ධනවත් හා බලවත් වූහ. 1890 ගණන් වන විට, ලොව විශාලතම වහල් ජනගහනය, මිලියන දෙකක් පමණ, සොකෝටෝ කැලිෆේට් හි භූමි ප්‍රදේශවල සංකේන්ද්‍රණය විය. විශේෂයෙන්ම කෘෂිකර්මාන්තයේ දී වහල් ශ්‍රමය භාවිතය පුළුල් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1903 දී එය විවිධ යුරෝපීය යටත් විජිතවලට කැඩී බිඳී ගිය අවස්ථාව වන විට, සොකෝටෝ කැලිෆේට් යනු විශාලතම පූර්ව යටත් විජිත අප්‍රිකානු රාජ්‍යයන්ගෙන් එකකි.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>වෙනස්වන නෛතික අවශ්‍යතාවයක් (1807 දී අත්ලාන්තික් වහල් වෙළඳාම තහනම් කිරීම) සහ ආර්ථික අවශ්‍යතාවය (දේශපාලන හා සමාජ ස්ථාවරත්වය සඳහා වූ ආශාව) යුරෝපීය කර්මාන්තයේ භාවිතය සඳහා පාම් වැනි කෘෂිකාර්මික නිෂ්පාදන පුළුල් ලෙස වගා කිරීමට සහාය වීමට බොහෝ යුරෝපීය බලවතුන් හේතු විය. නීතිවිරෝධී ජාවාරම්කරුවන් ස්වදේශික වහලුන්ගෙන් වෙරළ දිගේ වහලුන් මිල දී ගත් බැවින්, තහනමෙන් පසුව වහල් වෙළඳාම දිගටම පැවතුනි. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු බලඝණය මුහුදේදී ජාවාරම්කරුවන් අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනීමට උත්සාහ කළේය. ඇමරිකානු විප්ලවවාදී යුද්ධයෙන් පසු බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය විසින් උතුරු ඇමරිකාවේ නිදහස් කරන ලද වහලුන් නැවත පදිංචි කිරීම සඳහා ලුතිනන් ජෝන් ක්ලාක්සන් විසින් මුලින් පිහිටුවන ලද බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ යටත් විජිතයක් වන ෆ්‍රීටවුන් වෙත ගලවා ගත් වහලුන් ගෙන යන ලදී.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය_යටත්_විජිතකරණය"><span id=".E0.B6.B6.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B6.BA.E0.B6.A7.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.A2.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.AB.E0.B6.BA"></span>බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිතකරණය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිතකරණය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය 1851 දී ලාගෝස් වෙත බෝම්බ හෙලීමෙන්, වහල් වෙළඳාමට හිතකාමී ඔබා කොසෝකෝ බලයෙන් පහකරමින්, ඔබා අකිටෝයි ස්ථාපනය කිරීමට සහය වෙමින් 1852 ජනවාරි 1 වන දින මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය සහ ලාගෝස් අතර ගිවිසුමට අත්සන් තබමින් ලාගෝස් රාජකීය බල අරගලයට මැදිහත් විය. 1861 අගෝස්තු මාසයේ ලාගෝස් ගිවිසුම සමග ක්‍රවුන් ජනපදය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය මිෂනාරිවරු සිය මෙහෙයුම් පුළුල් කර රට අභ්‍යන්තරයට ගමන් කළහ. 1864 දී සැමුවෙල් අජේයි ක්‍රෝදර් ඇංග්ලිකන් පල්ලියේ පළමු අප්‍රිකානු බිෂොප්වරයා බවට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1885 දී, බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු බලපෑම් ක්ෂේත්‍රයකට හිමිකම් කියනු බර්ලින් සමුළුවේදී අනෙකුත් යුරෝපීය ජාතීන්ගෙන් පිළිගැනීමට ලක් විය. ඊළඟ වසරේ, එය ශ්‍රීමත් ජෝර්ජ් ටවුබ්මන් ගෝල්ඩිගේ නායකත්වය යටතේ රෝයල් නයිජර් සමාගම වරලත් කළේය. 19 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ අග සහ 20 වන සියවසේ මුල් භාගය වන විට, නයිජර් ගඟ දිගේ ස්වාධීන දකුණු රාජධානි යටත් කර ගැනීමට සමාගම විශාල වශයෙන් සමත් විය, බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් 1897 දී බෙනින් යටත් කර ගත් අතර, ඇන්ග්ලෝ-ඇරෝ යුද්ධයේදී (1901-1902) අනෙකුත් විරුද්ධවාදීන් පරාජය කරන ලදී. මෙම ප්‍රාන්තවල පරාජයත් සමඟ නයිජර් ප්‍රදේශය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලනයට විවෘත විය. 1900 දී සමාගමේ භූමි ප්‍රදේශය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජයේ සෘජු පාලනය යටතට පත් වූ අතර බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශයක් සහ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යයේ කොටසක් ලෙස දකුණු නයිජීරියා ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශය පිහිටුවන ලදී.</p> <p>1902 වන විට බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් උතුරු දෙසින් සොකෝටෝ කැලිෆේට් වෙත යාමට සැලසුම් ආරම්භ කර තිබුණි. න්‍යාය පත්‍රය ක්‍රියාවට නැංවීම සඳහා යටත් විජිත කාර්යාලය විසින් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ජෙනරාල් සාමි ෆ්‍රෙඩ්රික් ලුගාඩ්ට පැවරී ඇත. ලුගාර්ඩ් අගනුවර දෙසට වැඩ කරන විට කිසිදු ආරක්ෂාවක් වැලැක්වීමට කැලිෆේට්හි දකුණු ප්‍රදේශයේ බොහෝ එමීර්වරුන් සහ මධ්‍යම සොකෝටෝ පරිපාලනය අතර එදිරිවාදිකම් භාවිතා කළේය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සොකෝටෝ නගරයට ළඟා වූ විට, සුල්තාන් I වන මුහම්මදු අත්තහිරු නගරයේ ඉක්මන් ආරක්ෂාවක් සංවිධානය කර ඉදිරියට එන බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ප්‍රමුඛ හමුදාවන්ට එරෙහිව සටන් කළේය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය හමුදාව ඉක්මනින් ජයග්‍රහණය කළේ, I වන අත්තහිරු සහ දහස් ගණන් අනුගාමිකයින් මහඩිස්ට් හිජ්රාවකට යවමිනි. ඊසාන දෙසින්, බෝර්නු අධිරාජ්‍යයේ පරිහානිය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලනය යටතේ පැවති බෝර්නෝ එමීර් රාජ්‍යය බිහි වූ අතර එමඟින් බෝර්නෝහි අබුබකර් ගාර්බායි පාලකයා ලෙස පිහිටුවන ලදී.</p> <p>1903 දී, කැනෝ සටනේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ජයග්‍රහණය සොකෝටෝ කැලිෆේට් හි හදවත සහ පැරණි බෝර්නු අධිරාජ්‍යයේ සමහර කොටස් සමනය කිරීමට ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රවාහනමය වාසියක් ලබා දුන්නේය. 1903 මාර්තු 13 වන දින, සොකෝටෝ හි මහා වෙළඳපොළ චතුරශ්‍රයේ දී, කැලිෆේට් රාජ්‍යයේ අවසාන වීසර් නිල වශයෙන් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලනයට යටත් විය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් නව කාලිෆ්වරයා ලෙස II වන මුහම්මදු අත්තහිරු පත් කරන ලදී. ලුගාර්ඩ් විසින් කැලිෆේටය අහෝසි කළ නමුත් අලුතින් සංවිධානය කරන ලද උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශයේ සංකේතාත්මක තනතුරක් ලෙස සුල්තාන් පදවිය රඳවා ගත්තේය. මෙම ශේෂය "සොකෝටෝ සුල්තාන් කවුන්සිලය" ලෙස හැඳින්විණි. 1903 ජුනි මාසයේදී බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් අත්තහිරුගේ ඉතිරි උතුරු හමුදා පරාජය කළහ. 1906 වන විට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලනයට එරෙහි සියලු ප්‍රතිරෝධයන් අවසන් විය.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_(1888%25E2%2580%25931906).svg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_(1888%E2%80%931906).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Lagos_Colony_%281888%E2%80%931906%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ලාගෝස් ජනපදයේ ධජය </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg/220px-Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="2298"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg/220px-Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg/330px-Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg/440px-Tcitp_d012_frederick_john_dealtry_lugard_and_wife.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ලෝඩ් සහ ආර්යාව, 1908 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg/220px-Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="469"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg/220px-Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg/330px-Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg/440px-Emir_of_Kano-1911.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> අශ්වාරෝහක සමඟ කැනෝහි එමීර්, 1911 </figcaption> </figure> <p>1914 ජනවාරි 1 වන දින බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් දකුණු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශය සහ උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශය නයිජීරියාවේ යටත් විජිතය සහ ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශය බවට විධිමත් ලෙස ඒකාබද්ධ කරන ලදී. පරිපාලනමය වශයෙන්, නයිජීරියාව උතුරු සහ දකුණු ආරක්ෂක ප්‍රදේශ සහ ලාගෝස් ජනපදය ලෙස බෙදී ගියේය. වෙරළබඩ ආර්ථිකය හේතුවෙන් දකුණු ප්‍රදේශයේ වැසියන් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් සහ අනෙකුත් යුරෝපීයයන් සමඟ ආර්ථික හා සංස්කෘතික වශයෙන් වැඩි අන්තර්ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වයක් පවත්වා ගෙන ගියහ.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ක්‍රිස්තියානි දූත මණ්ඩල විසින් ආරක්‍ෂක ප්‍රදේශවල බටහිර අධ්‍යාපන ආයතන පිහිටුවන ලදී. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ වක්‍ර පාලනයේ සහ ඉස්ලාමීය නීත්‍යානුකූල සම්ප්‍රදාය වලංගු කිරීමේ ප්‍රතිපත්තිය යටතේ, ඔටුන්න රටේ උතුරු, ඉස්ලාමීය ප්‍රදේශයේ ක්‍රිස්තියානි දූත මණ්ඩල ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම දිරිමත් කළේ නැත.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>දෙවන ලෝක සංග්‍රාමයෙන් පසු 20 වන සියවසේ මැද භාගය වන විට, නයිජීරියානු ජාතිකවාදයේ වර්ධනයට සහ නිදහස සඳහා වූ ඉල්ලීම්වලට ප්‍රතිචාර වශයෙන්, බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රජය විසින් නීතිගත කරන ලද අනුප්‍රාප්තික ව්‍යවස්ථා මගින් නයිජීරියාව නියෝජිතයෙකු මත ස්වයං පාලනයක් කරා ගෙන යන ලදී. වැඩි වැඩියෙන් ෆෙඩරල් පදනම. 1960 දී නිදහස ලැබීමට ආසන්න වන විට, නූතන අධ්‍යාපන ප්‍රවේශයේ කලාපීය වෙනස්කම් සලකුණු විය. උරුමය, අඩුවෙන් උච්චාරණය වුවද, අද දක්වාම පවතී. නයිජීරියාවේ දේශපාලන ජීවිතය තුළ ද උතුර සහ දකුණ අතර අසමතුලිතතාව ප්‍රකාශ විය. නිදසුනක් වශයෙන්, උතුරු නයිජීරියාව 1936 වන තෙක් වහල්භාවය තහනම් නොකළ අතර නයිජීරියාවේ අනෙකුත් ප්‍රදේශවල, යටත් විජිතවාදයෙන් පසුව වහල්භාවය අහෝසි කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_slave-trade_43-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg/220px-Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="395"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg/220px-Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg/330px-Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg/440px-Stamp_Cameroons_2d-600px.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1953 දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජිනගේ රුව සහිත තැපැල් මුද්දරය </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nnamdi_Azikiwe_PC_(cropped).jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nnamdi_Azikiwe_PC_(cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_PC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="205"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 154px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nnamdi_Azikiwe_PC_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="154" data-height="205" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නන්දි ඇසිකිවේ, 1963 සිට 1966 දක්වා නයිජීරියාවේ පළමු ජනාධිපති </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ස්වාධීනත්වය_සහ_ෆෙඩරල්_ජනරජය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B0.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.84_.E0.B7.86.E0.B7.99.E0.B6.A9.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.BA"></span>ස්වාධීනත්වය සහ ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ස්වාධීනත්වය සහ ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාව 1954 දී ස්වයං පාලන උපාධියක් ලබා ගත් අතර, 1960 ඔක්තෝබර් 1 වන දින එක්සත් රාජධානියෙන් පූර්ණ නිදහස ලබා ගත් අතර, නයිජීරියා සම්මේලනය ලෙස අබුබකර් ටෆාවා බලේවා එහි අගමැති ලෙස නාමික ප්‍රධානියා ලෙස තබා ගනිමින් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රාජාණ්ඩුව හි II වන එලිසබෙත් නයිජීරියාවේ රැජින විය. 1960 නොවැම්බරයේ යටත් විජිත ආණ්ඩුකාර-ජනරාල්වරයා වෙනුවට ඇසිකිවේ පත් විය. නිදහසේ දී, නයිජීරියාවේ ප්‍රමුඛ ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් අතර සංස්කෘතික හා දේශපාලන වෙනස්කම් තියුණු විය: ඒ උතුරේ හවුසා, නැගෙනහිරින් ඉග්බෝ සහ බටහිරින් යොරුබා ය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_JBS2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_JBS2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වෙස්ට්මිනිස්ටර් පාලන ක්‍රමය රඳවා ගත් අතර, ඒ අනුව ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ බලතල සාමාන්‍යයෙන් චාරිත්‍රානුකූල විය.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> පාර්ලිමේන්තු ආණ්ඩු ක්‍රමයේ අග්‍රාමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස අබුබකර් තෆාවා බලේවා සහ චාරිත්‍රානුකූල ජනාධිපතිවරයා ලෙස නන්ඩි අසිකිවේ විය. ආරම්භක ආන්ඩුව කොන්සර්වේටිව් පක්ෂවල සභාගයකි: මුස්ලිම් උතුරේ ජනයා විසින් ආධිපත්‍යය දරන පක්ෂයක් වන ශ්‍රීමත් අහමදු බෙලෝගේ නායකත්වයෙන් යුත් උතුරු මහජන කොංග්‍රසය සහ නයිජීරියාවේ ඉග්බෝ සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආධිපත්‍යය දරන ජාතික කවුන්සිලය සහ නන්ඩි අසිකිවේගේ නායකත්වයෙන් යුත් කැමරූන් ය. විපක්ෂය සමන්විත වූයේ සංසන්දනාත්මක ලිබරල් ක්‍රියාකාරී කණ්ඩායමෙන් වන අතර එය බොහෝ දුරට යොරුබා විසින් ආධිපත්‍යය දැරූ අතර ඔබාෆෙමි ඇවොලෝවෝ විසින් මෙහෙයවන ලදී. 1961 ජනමත විචාරණයේ ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස දේශපාලනයේ අසමතුලිතතාවයක් නිර්මාණය විය. දකුණු කැමරූන් කැමරූන් ජනරජයට සම්බන්ධ වීමට තීරණය කළ අතර උතුරු කැමරූන් නයිජීරියාවට එක්වීමට තීරණය කළේය. රටේ උතුරු කොටස දකුණු කොටසට වඩා විශාල විය.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Balewa.jpg"> <noscript> <img alt="Abubakar Tafawa Balewa" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Balewa.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balewa.jpg/155px-Balewa.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 221px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balewa.jpg/155px-Balewa.jpg" data-alt="Abubakar Tafawa Balewa" data-width="155" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balewa.jpg/232px-Balewa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balewa.jpg/309px-Balewa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1 වන ජනරජයේ නයිජීරියාවේ පළමු අගමැති අබුබකර් තෆාවා බලේවා. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="පළමු_ජනරජයේ_වැටීම_සහ_සිවිල්_යුද්ධය"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.85.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.94_.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.9A_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.B8_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.84_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.B0.E0.B6.BA"></span>පළමු ජනරජයේ වැටීම සහ සිවිල් යුද්ධය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: පළමු ජනරජයේ වැටීම සහ සිවිල් යුද්ධය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>මැතිවරණ සහ දේශපාලන ක්‍රියාවලියේ අසමතුලිතතාවය සහ දූෂණය 1966 දී හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණ දෙකකට තුඩු දුන්නේය. පළමු කුමන්ත්‍රණය 1966 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී සිදු වූ අතර එය වැඩි වශයෙන්ම මෙහෙයවනු ලැබුවේ මේජර්වරුන් වන එමානුවෙල් ඉෆෙජුනා (ඉග්බෝ ගෝත්‍රිකයේ) චුක්වුමා කඩුනා නසොග්වු (ඊසානදිග) යටතේ වූ සොල්දාදුවන් විසිනි. නිස්සාරණය) සහ අඩේවාලේ අඩෙමොයේගා (බටහිර සිට යොරුබාව). කුමන්ත්‍රණකරුවන් උතුරු කලාපයේ ප්‍රමුඛ නායකයන් සමඟින් ශ්‍රීමත් අහමදු බෙලෝ සහ ශ්‍රීමත් අබුබකර් තෆාවා බලේවා සහ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ අගමැති සැමුවෙල් අකින්තෝලා ඝාතනය කිරීමට සමත් වූ නමුත් කුමන්ත්‍රණකරුවන් මධ්‍යම රජයක් පිහිටුවීමට අරගල කළහ. සෙනෙට් සභාපති න්වාෆෝර් ඔරිසු තවත් ඉග්බෝ නිලධාරියෙකු වන මේජර් ජෙනරාල්<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජොන්සන් අගුයි-ඉරොන්සි ගේ අණ යටතේ රජයේ පාලනය හමුදාවට භාර දුන්නේය. පසුව, 1966 ප්‍රති-කුමන්ත්‍රණය, මූලික වශයෙන් උතුරු හමුදා නිලධාරීන්ගේ සහාය ඇතිව, යකුබු ගවොන් හමුදා රාජ්‍ය නායකයා ලෙස නැගී සිටීමට පහසුකම් සැලසීය. උතුර සහ දකුණ අතර ආතතිය වැඩි විය; උතුරු නගරවල ඉග්බෝවරු හිංසා පීඩාවලට ලක් වූ අතර බොහෝ දෙනෙක් නැගෙනහිර කලාපයට පලා ගියහ.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1967 මැයි මාසයේදී නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රදේශයේ ආණ්ඩුකාර ලුතිනන් කර්නල් එමේකා ඔජුක්වු විසින් ඉග්බෝස් සහ ජනප්‍රිය ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන නැගෙනහිර නිස්සාරණයේ ප්‍රහාරවලට එරෙහිව අඛණ්ඩව සහ ක්‍රමානුකූලව සැලසුම් කළ 1966 සංහාර ප්‍රහාරවල ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස, ෆෙඩරේෂන් සමූහාණ්ඩුවෙන් ස්වාධීන කලාපයක් ලෙස ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙම ප්‍රකාශය නයිජීරියානු සිවිල් යුද්ධයට හේතු විය, එය නිල නයිජීරියානු රජයේ පාර්ශ්වය 1967 ජූලි 6 වන දින ගාර්කෙම්හිදී බියෆ්රාට පහර දීමත් සමඟ ආරම්භ විය. බියෆ්රා හි දිගු අවහිරයක් සහ වෙළඳාම සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර සහන වලින් හුදකලා වීමත් සමඟ මාස 30ක යුද්ධය 1970 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී අවසන් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_DDRS_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_DDRS-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මාස 30ක සිවිල් යුද්ධයේදී හිටපු නැගෙනහිර කලාපයේ මියගිය සංඛ්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ඇස්තමේන්තු අනුව මිලියන 1 සිට 3 දක්වා පරාසයක පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය සහ සෝවියට් සංගමය නයිජීරියානු රජයේ ප්‍රධාන මිලිටරි ආධාරකරුවන් වූ අතර, නයිජීරියාව ගමාල් අබ්දෙල් නසාර් විසින් සපයන ලද ඊජිප්තු ගුවන් නියමුවන්ගේ ගුවන් සහාය භාවිතා කරන අතර,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ප්‍රංශය සහ ඊශ්‍රායලය බියෆ්‍රාන්ස් හට ආධාර කළහ. ජනාධිපති ජෝසප්-ඩේසිරේ මොබුටු යටතේ කොංගෝ ආන්ඩුව, බියෆ්රන් වෙන්වීම පිලිබඳ මුල් ස්ථාවරයක් ගත් අතර, නයිජීරියානු ෆෙඩරල් රජයට<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> දැඩි සහයෝගයක් ප්‍රකාශ කරමින් සහ බෙදුම්වාදීන්ට එරෙහිව සටන් කිරීම සඳහා දහස් ගණන් භටයන් යොදවන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>යුද්ධයෙන් පසුව නයිජීරියාව 1970 ගණන්වල තෙල් උත්පාතයක් භුක්ති වින්ද අතර එම කාලය තුළ රට ඔපෙක් සංවිධානයට සම්බන්ධ වූ අතර විශාල තෙල් ආදායමක් ලැබීය. මෙම ආදායම් තිබියදීත්, ජීවන තත්ත්වය වැඩිදියුණු කිරීමට, කුඩා හා මධ්‍ය පරිමාණ ව්‍යාපාරවලට උදව් කිරීමට හෝ යටිතල පහසුකම් සඳහා ආයෝජනය කිරීමට හමුදා රජය කළේ අල්ප වශයෙනි. තෙල් ආදායම ප්‍රාන්තවලට ෆෙඩරල් සහනාධාර ඉහළ නැංවීමට හේතු වූ හෙයින්, ෆෙඩරල් ආන්ඩුව දේශපාලන අරගලයේ මධ්‍යස්ථානය සහ රටේ බලයේ එළිපත්ත බවට පත් විය. තෙල් නිෂ්පාදනය සහ ආදායම ඉහළ යාමත් සමග, නයිජීරියානු රජය අයවැය සහ ආර්ථික අවශ්‍යතා සඳහා තෙල් ආදායම සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර භාණ්ඩ වෙළඳපොල මත වඩ වඩාත් රඳා පැවතුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1975 ජුලි මාසයේ සිදු වූ කුමන්ත්‍රණය, ජෙනරාල්වරුන් වන ෂෙහු මුසා යාර්අඩුවා සහ ජෝසප් ගාර්බා විසින්, බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට පලා ගිය ගවොන්<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201142–43Derfler201181_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201142%E2%80%9343Derfler201181-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නෙරපා හරින ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerfler201182_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerfler201182-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කුමන්ත්‍රණ කුමන්ත්‍රණකරුවන්ට අවශ්‍ය වූයේ ගෝවන්ගේ අත්තනෝමතික පාලනය වෙනුවට උත්තරීතර හමුදා කවුන්සිලයක් විසින් නිෂේධ බලයෙන් බලයට පත් කළ හැකි බ්‍රිගේඩියර් ජෙනරාල්වරුන් තිදෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් ත්‍රිත්වයකි. මෙම ත්‍රිත්වය සඳහා, ඔවුන් ජෙනරාල් මුර්තාලා මුහම්මද් හමුදා රාජ්‍ය නායකයා වීමට ඒත්තු ගැන්වූ අතර, ජෙනරාල් ඔලුසෙගුන් ඔබසාන්ජෝ ඔහුගේ දෙවන අණදෙන නිලධාරියා ලෙසත්, ජෙනරාල් තියෝෆිලස් දන්ජුමා තුන්වැන්නා ලෙසත් පත් කර ගත්හ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201143Derfler201181_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201143Derfler201181-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ත්‍රිත්වය එක්ව, උද්ධමනය මැඩපැවැත්වීම සඳහා කප්පාදු පියවර හඳුන්වා දුන් අතර, දූෂිත පිළිවෙත් පිළිබඳ විමර්ශන කාර්යාංශයක් පිහිටුවා, සියලුම හමුදා ආණ්ඩුකාරවරුන් වෙනුවට නව නිලධාරීන් පත් කර, "ඩෙඩ්වුඩ් මෙහෙයුම" දියත් කළ අතර, එමඟින් ඔවුන් සිවිල් සේවයේ නිලධාරීන් 11,000ක් නෙරපා හරින ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201144_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201144-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>කර්නල් බුකා සුකා ඩිම්කා 1976 පෙබරවාරියේ කුමන්ත්‍රණ උත්සාහයක් දියත් කළ අතර,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එම අවස්ථාවේදී ජෙනරාල් මුර්තාලා මුහම්මද් ඝාතනය විය. ඩිම්කාට හමුදාව අතර පුලුල් සහයෝගයක් නොතිබූ අතර ඔහුගේ කුමන්ත්‍රණය අසාර්ථක වූ අතර ඔහුට පලා යාමට සිදුවිය.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කුමන්ත්‍රණ ප්‍රයත්නයෙන් පසුව ජෙනරාල් ඔලුසෙගුන් ඔබසන්ජෝ හමුදා රාජ්‍ය නායකයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148–49Derfler201185_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148%E2%80%9349Derfler201185-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඔබසාන්ජෝ මුර්තාලාගේ ප්‍රතිපත්ති ඉදිරියට ගෙන යාමට පොරොන්දු විය.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201150Derfler201185_73-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201150Derfler201185-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> උතුරු නයිජීරියානුවන් විරසක වීමේ අන්තරාය ගැන දැන සිටි ඔබසාන්ජෝ ඔහු වෙනුවට ජෙනරාල් ෂෙහු යාර්අඩුවා ගෙන ආ අතර, හමුදා ත්‍රිත්වය සම්පූර්ණ කරමින් මාණ්ඩලික ප්‍රධානී, උත්තරීතර මූලස්ථානයේ දෙවන අණදෙන නිලධාරියා ලෙස ඔබසාන්ජෝ රාජ්‍ය නායකයා ලෙසත්, ජෙනරාල් තියෝෆිලස් දන්ජුමා ප්‍රධානියා ලෙසත් පත් කළහ. හමුදා කාර්ය මණ්ඩලය, තිදෙනා හමුදා පාලන තන්ත්‍රයේ පාලනය නැවත ස්ථාපිත කිරීමට ගිය අතර හමුදාවේ බලය මාරු කිරීමේ වැඩසටහන සංවිධානය කළහ: ප්‍රාන්ත නිර්මාණය සහ ජාතික සීමා නිර්ණය, පළාත් පාලන ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ සහ නව ජනරජයක් සඳහා ව්‍යවස්ථා කෙටුම්පත් කමිටුව නිර්මාණය විය.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="දෙවන_ජනරජය_සහ_මිලිටරි_ආඥාදායකත්වය"><span id=".E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.99.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.B1_.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.84_.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.A7.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92_.E0.B6.86.E0.B6.A5.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BA.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.BA"></span>දෙවන ජනරජය සහ මිලිටරි ආඥාදායකත්වය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: දෙවන ජනරජය සහ මිලිටරි ආඥාදායකත්වය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>පළමු ජනරජය තුළ දේශපාලන පක්ෂවලට වඩා පුළුල් සහයෝගයක් ඇති බව සහතික කිරීම සඳහා පියවර ගනිමින් සිවිල් පාලනයට නැවත පැමිණීම හමුදාව ප්‍රවේශමෙන් සැලසුම් කළේය. 1979 දී, නයිජීරියාවේ ජාතික පක්ෂයේ (NPN) අල්හාජි ෂෙහු ෂගාරි ජනාධිපති ලෙස තේරී පත් වූ මැතිවරණ මාලාවක් සඳහා දේශපාලන පක්ෂ පහක් තරඟ කළේය. පක්ෂ පහම ජාතික සභාව නියෝජනය කළේය. 1979 ඔක්තෝම්බර් 1 වන දින, නයිජීරියාවේ ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජයේ පළමු ජනාධිපති සහ සේනාධිනායකයා ලෙස ෂෙහු ෂගාරි දිවුරුම් දුන්නේය. ඔබසාන්ජෝ සාමකාමීව බලය ෂගාරි වෙත පැවරූ අතර, කැමැත්තෙන් ඉවත් වූ නයිජීරියානු ඉතිහාසයේ පළමු රාජ්‍ය නායකයා බවට පත් විය.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg/220px-Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="490"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 270px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg/220px-Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="270" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg/330px-Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Shehu_Shagari_1980-10-07.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ෂෙහු ෂගාරි 1979 සිට 1983 දක්වා නයිජීරියාවේ පළමු තේරී පත් වූ ජනාධිපතිවරයා විය. </figcaption> </figure> <p>ෂගාරි රජය නයිජීරියානු සමාජයේ සෑම අංශයකින්ම පාහේ දූෂිත ලෙස සැලකේ. 1983 දී, රජයට අයත් නයිජීරියානු ජාතික ඛනිජ තෙල් සංස්ථාවේ පරීක්ෂකවරුන් "මේ රටේ ජලයේ මන්දගාමී විෂ වීම" දැකීමට පටන් ගත්හ.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1983 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී, ජාතික සභාවේ බහුතර ආසන සංඛ්‍යාවක් සහ ප්‍රාන්ත ආන්ඩු 12 ක පාලනයක් සහිතව, ෂගරි සහ NPN අතිවිශිෂ්ට ජයග්‍රහණයකින් නැවත බලයට පත් විය. එහෙත් මැතිවරණ ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වයෙන් විනාශ වූ අතර, පුලුල්ව පැතිරුනු ඡන්ද මංකොල්ලකෑම් සහ මැතිවරණ අක්‍රමිකතා පිලිබඳ චෝදනා ප්‍රතිඵල සම්බන්ධයෙන් නීතිමය සටන් වලට තුඩු දුන්නේය. දේශපාලන නායකයින්ට නිසි ලෙස පාලනය කිරීමට නොහැකි විය හැකි බවට පළමු ජනරජය වැනි අවිනිශ්චිතතාවයන් ද විය.</p> <p>1983 හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණය නයිජීරියානු හමුදාවේ ප්‍රධාන නිලධාරීන් විසින් සම්බන්ධීකරණය කරන ලද අතර එය රජය පෙරළා දමා මේජර් ජෙනරාල් මුහම්මදු බුහාරි රාජ්‍ය නායකයා ලෙස පත් කිරීමට හේතු විය. 1984 පාලන තන්ත්‍රය නැවත තේරී පත්වීමෙන් ටික කලකට පසු මුහම්මදු බුහාරිගේ හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණය ධනාත්මක වර්ධනයක් ලෙස සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සලකනු ලැබීය.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1985 දී ඊබ්‍රාහිම් බබන්ගිඩා බුහාරි කුමන්ත්‍රණයකින් බලයෙන් පහ කළේය. 1986 දී, බබන්ගිඩා නයිජීරියානු දේශපාලන කාර්යාංශය පිහිටුවන ලද අතර එය තුන්වන නයිජීරියානු ජනරජයට මාරුවීම සඳහා නිර්දේශ ඉදිරිපත් කළේය. 1989 දී බබන්ගිඩා තුන්වන නයිජීරියානු ජනරජයට සංක්‍රමණය වීමට සැලසුම් සකස් කිරීම ආරම්භ කළේය. බබන්ගිඩා 1990 නයිජීරියානු කුමන්ත්‍රණ ප්‍රයත්නයෙන් දිවි ගලවා ගත් අතර, ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදයට නැවත පැමිණීම පොරොන්දු වූ පසු 1992 දක්වා කල් දැමීය.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ජුනි_12_සහ_තුන්වන_ජනරජයේ_අර්බුදය"><span id=".E0.B6.A2.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92_12_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.84_.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.B1_.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.9A_.E0.B6.85.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.B6.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.AF.E0.B6.BA"></span>ජුනි 12 සහ තුන්වන ජනරජයේ අර්බුදය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ජුනි 12 සහ තුන්වන ජනරජයේ අර්බුදය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>බබන්ගිඩා දේශපාලන පක්ෂ පිහිටුවීම නීතිගත කළ අතර 1992 මහ මැතිවරණයට පෙර සමාජ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂය සහ ජාතික රිපබ්ලිකන් සම්මුතිය සමඟ ද්වි-පක්ෂ ක්‍රමය පිහිටුවන ලදී. ප්‍රධාන බොලා ඉගේ "ලාදුරු අත් දෙකක්" ලෙස හැඳින්වූ එක් පාර්ශවයකට සම්බන්ධ වන ලෙස ඔහු සියලුම නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටියේය. 1993 ජූනි 12 වැනි දින පවත්වන ලද ජනාධිපතිවරනය 1983 හමුදා කුමන්ත්‍රණයෙන් පසු ප්‍රථම අවස්ථාව විය. ජාතික මැතිවරණ කොමිසම විසින් නිල වශයෙන් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් නොකළද, ප්‍රතිඵලවලින් පෙන්නුම් කළේ සමාජ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂයේමොස්හුඩ් අබියෝලා සහ බබා ගානා කිංගිබේ දෙපළ බෂීර් ටෝෆා පරාජය කළ අතර ජාතික රිපබ්ලිකන් සම්මේලනයේ සිල්වෙස්ටර් උගෝ මිලියන 2.3 කට වඩා වැඩි ඡන්ද සංඛ්‍යාවකින්. කෙසේ වෙතත්, බබන්ගිඩා මැතිවරනය අවලංගු කරන ලද අතර, එය සති ගනනාවක් ඵලදායී ලෙස රට වසා දැමූ දැවැන්ත සිවිල් විරෝධතා වලට තුඩු දුන්නේය. 1993 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී, බබන්ගිඩා අවසානයේ සිවිල් රජයකට බලය ලබා දීමට පොරොන්දු වූ නමුත් අර්නස්ට් ෂෝනේකන් අන්තර්වාර ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවක ප්‍රධානියා ලෙස පත් කිරීමට පෙර නොවේ.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ දූෂණ සංස්කෘතියක් ඇති කිරීම සඳහා බබන්ගිඩාගේ පාලන තන්ත්‍රය වඩාත්ම දූෂිත සහ වගකිව යුතු ලෙස සැලකේ.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg/220px-Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="700"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 280px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg/220px-Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg/330px-Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg/440px-Abdulsalami_Abubakar_detail_DF-SC-02-04323.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1998 දී හමුදා පාලකයා වූ අබ්දුල්සලාමි අබුබකර් 1999 දී ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදයට නැවත පැමිණීම දුටුවේය. </figcaption> </figure> <p>රටේ දේශපාලන ඉතිහාසයේ කෙටිම ආණ්ඩුව වන ෂොනේකාන්ගේ අන්තර්වාර රජය, 1993 දී ජෙනරාල් සානි අබාචා විසින් නායකත්වය දුන් කුමන්ත්‍රණයකින් පෙරලා දමන ලදී. 1995 දී, නයිජීරියානු ජාතිකයා පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයෙන් අත්හිටුවීමට හේතු වූ ඔගෝනි වැඩිහිටියන් හතර දෙනෙකුගේ මරණ සම්බන්ධයෙන් බොරු චෝදනා මත රජය විසින් පරිසරවේදී කෙන් සරෝ-විවා එල්ලා මරා දමන ලදී. රාජකීය ලන්දේසි ෂෙල් සහ ෂෙල් හි නයිජීරියානු මෙහෙයුමේ ප්‍රධානියා වන බ්‍රයන් ඇන්ඩර්සන්ට එරෙහිව ඇමරිකානු පිටසක්වල ටෝර්ට් ප්‍රඥප්තිය යටතේ නඩු පැවරීම, ෂෙල් විසින් වගකීම් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීමත් සමඟ උසාවියෙන් පිටත සමථයකට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1999 දී අබාචාගේ ගිණුම්වල ඩොලර් මිලියන සිය ගණනක් සොයා ගන්නා ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1998 දී ඒකාධිපතියා විලා එකේ මිය ගිය විට පාලනය අවසන් විය. ඔහු බටහිර යුරෝපීය බැංකුවල අක්වෙරළ ගිණුම්වලට මුදල් කොල්ල කෑ අතර ජෙනරාල්වරුන් සහ දේශපාලනඥයන් අත්අඩංගුවට ගෙන අල්ලස් දීමෙන් කුමන්ත්‍රණ පරාජය කළේය. ඔහුගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා වූ ජෙනරාල් අබ්දුල්සලාමි අබුබකර් 1999 මැයි 5 දින නව ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් සම්මත කරන ලද අතර එය බහු පක්ෂ මැතිවරණ සඳහා පහසුකම් සැලසීය.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය_වෙත_ආපසු_පැමිණීම_(1999–වර්තමානය)"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.A2.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AF.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.99.E0.B6.AD_.E0.B6.86.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.94_.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AB.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.B8_.281999.E2.80.93.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BA.29"></span>ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය වෙත ආපසු පැමිණීම (1999–වර්තමානය)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය වෙත ආපසු පැමිණීම (1999–වර්තමානය)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg/220px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="747"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 300px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg/220px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg/330px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg/440px-Olusegun_Obasanjo_DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ඔලුසෙගුන් ඔබසන්ජෝ 1999 සිට 2007 දක්වා නයිජීරියාවේ ජනාධිපති ලෙස කටයුතු කළේය. </figcaption> </figure> <p>1999 මැයි 29 වන දින, අබුබකර් 1999 ජනාධිපතිවරණයේ ජයග්‍රාහකයා වූ හිටපු හමුදා පාලක ජෙනරාල් ඔලුසෙගුන් ඔබසාන්ජෝට නයිජීරියාවේ ජනාධිපති ලෙස බලය ලබා දුන්නේය. ඔබසාන්ජෝ අබාචාගේ ආඥාදායකත්වය යටතේ සිරගතව සිටියේය. ඔබසාන්ජෝගේ සමාරම්භය සිව්වන නයිජීරියානු ජනරජයේ ආරම්භය සනිටුහන් කළ අතර,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙටිකාලීන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදයේ, සිවිල් යුද්ධයේ සහ මිලිටරි ආඥාදායකත්වයේ 39 වසරක කාල පරිච්ඡේදයක් අවසන් විය. ඔබසාන්ජෝ බලයට ගෙන ආ සහ 2003 ජනාධිපතිවරණ සඳහා ඔහුට දෙවන වාරය සඳහා ඉදිරිපත් වීමට ඉඩ සලසන මැතිවරණ නිදහස් හා අසාධාරණ ලෙස හෙළා දකිනු ලැබුවද, නයිජීරියාව ඔබසාන්ජෝ යටතේ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රීකරණයේ සැලකිය යුතු ප්‍රගතියක් ලබා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2007 මහ මැතිවරණයේදී මහජන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂයේ උමරු යාර්අඩුවා බලයට පත් විය. නිදහස් හා සාධාරණ ක්‍රියාවලියක් ප්‍රවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා නයිජීරියානු මැතිවරණය නිරීක්ෂණය කළ ජාත්‍යන්තර ප්‍රජාව, මෙම මැතිවරණ බරපතල දෝෂ සහිත මැතිවරණ ලෙස හෙළා දුටුවේය.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> යාර්අඩුවා 2010 මැයි 5 වන දින මිය ගිය අතර උප ජනාධිපති ගුඩ්ලක් ජොනතන් යාර්අඩුවා අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා ලෙස වැඩබලන සභාපති ලෙස මාස තුනකට පෙර සෙනෙට් සභාව විසින් දිවුරුම් දී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2011 ජනාධිපතිවරණයෙන් ජොනතන් ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය; ඡන්ද විමසීම් සුමටව සිදු වූ අතර සාපේක්ෂව සුළු ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වයකින් හෝ මැතිවරණ වංචාවකින් තොරව සිදු විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_New_York2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_New_York2-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජොනතන්ගේ ධූර කාලය තුළ නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකාවේ ප්‍රමුඛ ආර්ථික බලවතා බවට පත් කළ ආර්ථික ප්‍රකෘතියක් දක්නට ලැබුණි.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජාතික තෙල් සමාගම හරහා නයිජීරියානු රාජ්‍යයට ඩොලර් බිලියන 20ක් පමණ අහිමි වූ බව පැවසෙන ජොනතන් පරිපාලනය අසමසම දූෂණයේ වැඩිවීමක් ද දුටුවේය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, සියල්ලටමත් වඩා, ජොනතන්ගේ ධූර කාලය තුළ බොකෝ හරාම් කැරලිකරුවන් විසින් ත්‍රස්තවාදී රැල්ලක් මතුවීම දුටුවේය, එනම් ග්වෝසා සමූලඝාතනය සහ 2014 දී චිබොක් පාසල් සිසුවියන් පැහැරගෙන යාමයි.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/220px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="2109"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/220px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/330px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg/440px-Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> බොලා ටිනුබු දැනට නයිජීරියාවේ ජනාධිපති ලෙස 2023 මැයි 29 සිට සේවය කරයි. </figcaption> </figure> <p>2015 මහ මැතිවරණයට පෙර, නයිජීරියාවේ විශාලතම විරුද්ධ පක්ෂ ඒකාබද්ධ කිරීම - නයිජීරියාවේ ක්‍රියාකාරී කොංග්‍රසය, ප්‍රගතිශීලී වෙනසක් සඳහා වූ කොන්ග්‍රසය, සමස්ත නයිජීරියාවේ මහජන පක්ෂය, සමස්ත ප්‍රගතිශීලී මහා සන්ධානයේ කන්ඩායමක් සහ නව PDP (පාලක ජනතා ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂයේ ආණ්ඩුකාරවරුන්ගේ කන්ඩායම) - වත්මන් ජනාධිපති බෝලා අහමඩ් ටිනුබුගේ නායකත්වයෙන් සියලුම ප්‍රගතිශීලී කොන්ග්‍රසය පිහිටුවන ලදී. එකල එය අප්‍රිකානු මහාද්වීපයේ මෙතෙක් පැවති මිල අධිකම මැතිවරණය විය (2019 සහ 2023 මැතිවරණවලින් පමණක් එය අභිබවා ගියේය). නව මෙගා-විපක්ෂ පක්ෂය මැතිවරණය සඳහා ඔවුන්ගේ අපේක්ෂකයා ලෙස තෝරා ගත්තේ හිටපු හමුදා ආඥාදායක මුහම්මදු බුහාරි ය. 2015 දී බුහාරිගේ ව්‍යාපාරය ජනප්‍රිය වූ අතර දැඩි දූෂණ විරෝධී සටන්කරුවෙකු ලෙස ඔහුගේ ප්‍රතිරූපය වටා ගොඩනැගුණි - ඔහු මැතිවරණයෙන් මිලියන දෙකකට අධික ඡන්ද සංඛ්‍යාවකින් ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය. නිරීක්ෂකයින් සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මැතිවරණය සාධාරණ බව ප්‍රශංසා කළහ.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ වත්මන් ජනාධිපතිවරයෙකු නැවත මැතිවරණයෙන් පරාජයට පත් වූ පළමු අවස්ථාව මෙම මැතිවරණය සනිටුහන් විය. 2019 ජනාධිපතිවරණයේදී බුහාරි නැවත තේරී පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2023 ජනාධිපතිවරණයේ දී අපේක්ෂකයන් හතර දෙනෙක් ජනාධිපතිවරණයට තරග කළහ; ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය නැවත පැමිණීමෙන් පසු පළමු වතාවට හිටපු හමුදා පාලකයෙකු ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂකත්වයට ඉදිරිපත් නොවූයේ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය සහ බහු පක්ෂ ව්‍යවස්ථාව කෙරෙහි විශ්වාසය ශක්තිමත් කිරීම සනිටුහන් කරමිනි. මැතිවරණයේදී නව අපේක්ෂකයින්ගේ පාරම්පරික ආධාරකරුවන්ගේ නැගීම ද දැකගත හැකි විය, කලින් අනම්බ්රා ප්‍රාන්තයේ ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා වූ පීටර් ඔබිගේ කීකරු ව්‍යාපාරය, තරුණ, නාගරික ඡන්දදායකයින් වෙත පුළුල් ලෙස ආයාචනා කළ අතර ඔහුගේ මූලික පදනම අග්නිදිග ප්‍රදේශයේ ඇත;<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සහ ක්වාන්ක්වාසියා රබියු ක්වාන්ක්වාසෝ, වයඹ දිග කැනෝ ප්‍රාන්තයේ හිටපු ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයාය.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ආන්දෝලනාත්මක මැතිවරණයෙන් පාලක පක්ෂයේ බොලා ටිනුබු 36.61% ඡන්ද ප්‍රතිශතයක් ලබා ගනිමින් ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නමුත් අනුශූරයන් දෙදෙනාම ජයග්‍රහණය ප්‍රකාශ කළ අතර මැතිවරණ විනිශ්චය සභාවක නඩු විභාග වෙමින් පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බොලා ටිනුබුගේ සමාරම්භය 2023 මැයි 29 දින පැවැත්විණි.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ පුලුල්ව පැතිරුනු පැහැරගැනීම් සමග ගැටළු දිගටම පැවතුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="භූගෝලය"><span id=".E0.B6.B7.E0.B7.96.E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.9D.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.BA"></span>භූගෝලය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: භූගෝලය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>නයිජීරියාව බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ ගිනියා බොක්කෙහි පිහිටා ඇති අතර මුළු භූමි ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 923,768 (වර්ග සැතපුම් 356,669)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වන අතර එය ලොව 32 වැනි විශාලතම රට බවට පත් කරයි. එහි මායිම් කිලෝමීටර් 4,047 (සැතපුම් 2,515) දක්වා විහිදෙන අතර එය බෙනින් (කිලෝමීටර් 773 හෝ සැතපුම් 480), නයිජර් (කිලෝමීටර් 1,497 හෝ සැතපුම් 930), චැඩ් (කිලෝමීටර් 87 හෝ සැතපුම් 54) සහ කැමරූන් (බෙදුම්වාදී ඇම්බසෝනියාව ඇතුළුව) සමඟ (කිලෝමීටර් 1,690 හෝ සැතපුම් 1,050) මායිම් බෙදා ගනී. එහි වෙරළ තීරය අවම වශයෙන් කිලෝමීටර 853 (සැතපුම් 530) වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව පිහිටා ඇත්තේ අක්ෂාංශ 4° සහ 14°N අතර දේශාංශ 2° සහ 15°E අතර ය. නයිජීරියාවේ උසම ස්ථානය වන්නේ මීටර් 2,419 (අඩි 7,936) උස චපල් වඩ්ඩි ය. ප්‍රධාන ගංගා වන්නේ නයිජර් සහ බෙනූ, නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවට අභිසාරී වී හිස් වේ. මෙය ලොව විශාලතම ගංගා ඩෙල්ටා වලින් එකක් වන අතර මධ්‍යම අප්‍රිකානු කඩොලාන විශාල ප්‍රදේශයක පිහිටයි.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ වඩාත් පුළුල් භූ විෂමතා කලාපය වන්නේ නයිජර් සහ බෙනු ගංගා නිම්න වල (ඒවා ඒකාබද්ධ වී Y-හැඩයක් සාදයි).<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_encarta22_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_encarta22-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජර් හි නිරිත දෙසින් "රළු" උස්බිමකි. බෙනු හි ගිනිකොන දෙසින් නයිජීරියාවේ උසම සානුව වන මාම්බිල්ල සානුව සෑදෙන කඳු සහ කඳු ඇත. මෙම සානුව කැමරූන් දේශ සීමාව හරහා විහිදෙන අතර එහිදී කඳුකර භූමිය කැමරූන්හි බමෙන්ඩා කඳුකරයේ කොටසකි.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg"> <noscript> <img alt="" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_NGA_present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ දේශගුණික සිතියම </figcaption> </figure> <p>ඈත දකුණු දිග එහි නිවර්තන වැසි වනාන්තර දේශගුණය මගින් නිර්වචනය කර ඇති අතර, වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය වසරකට මිලිමීටර 1,500 සිට 2,000 දක්වා (අඟල් 60 සිට 80 දක්වා) වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai52_105-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ගිනිකොන දෙසින් ඔබදු සානුව පිහිටා ඇත. වෙරළබඩ තැනිතලා නිරිතදිග සහ ගිනිකොන දෙසින් දක්නට ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_encarta22_104-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_encarta22-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කඩොලාන වගුරු බිම් වෙරළ තීරයේ දක්නට ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai42_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai42-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>කැමරූන් දේශසීමාව ආසන්නයේ වෙරළට ආසන්න ප්‍රදේශය පොහොසත් වැසි වනාන්තරයක් වන අතර ජෛව විවිධත්වය සඳහා වැදගත් මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් වන ක්‍රොස්-සනාගා-බියෝකෝ වෙරළබඩ වනාන්තර පරිසර කලාපයේ කොටසකි. එය කැමරූන් දේශ සීමාව හරහා මෙම ප්‍රදේශයේ පමණක් වනයේ දක්නට ලැබෙන ප්‍රයිමේට් සඳහා වාසස්ථානයකි. කැලබාර්, ක්‍රොස් රිවර් ප්‍රාන්තය ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ, මෙම වනාන්තරයේ ද ලොව විශාලතම සමනලුන් විවිධත්වය ඇති බව විශ්වාස කෙරේ. නයිජර් සහ හරස් ගංගා අතර දකුණු නයිජීරියාවේ ප්‍රදේශය වැඩිවන ජනගහනයෙන් සංවර්ධනය හා අස්වැන්න නෙලීම නිසා එහි වනාන්තරයෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් අහිමි වී ඇති අතර එය තණබිම් මගින් ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනය කර ඇත.</p> <p>ඈත දකුණ සහ ඈත උතුර අතර ඇති සෑම දෙයක්ම සැවානා වේ (නොසැලකිය යුතු ගස් ආවරණයක්, ගස් අතර තණකොළ සහ මල් සහිත). වර්ෂාපතනය වසරකට මිලිමීටර 500 සහ 1,500 (අඟල් 20 සහ 60) අතර සීමා වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai52_105-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සැවානා කලාපයේ කාණ්ඩ තුන වන්නේ ගිනියානු වනාන්තර-සවානා මොසෙයික්, සුඩාන් සැවානා සහ සහෙල් සවානා ය. ගිනියානු වනාන්තර-සවානා මොසෙයික් යනු ගස්වලින් බාධා ඇති උස තණකොළ තැනිතලා වේ. සුඩාන් සැවානා සමාන නමුත් කෙටි තෘණ සහ කෙටි ගස් සහිත වේ. සහෙල් සැවානා ඊසාන දෙසින් දක්නට ලැබෙන තණකොළ සහ වැලි පැල්ලම් වලින් සමන්විත වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai42_106-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai42-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg/220px-Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1508"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 277px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg/220px-Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="277" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg/330px-Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg/440px-Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ප්‍රමාණය සංසන්දනය කිරීම සඳහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය දූපත් වල දළ සටහන සමඟ ඊසානදිග නයිජීරියාවේ චැඩ් විල හැකිලීම </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ජලය"><span id=".E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.BA"></span>ජලය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ජලය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg/220px-Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="1811"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg/220px-Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg/330px-Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg/440px-Lake_Chad_from_Apollo_7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1968 ඇපලෝ 7 වෙතින් චැඩ් විලෙහි ඡායාරූපය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාව ප්‍රධාන ජල පෝෂක ප්‍රදේශ දෙකකට බෙදා ඇත - චැඩ් විල සහ නයිජර්. නයිජර් ජල පෝෂක ප්‍රදේශය රටේ 63% ක් පමණ ආවරණය කරයි. නයිජර්හි ප්‍රධාන අතු ගංගාව වන්නේ බෙනුයි, එහි අතු ගංගා කැමරූන් වලින් ඔබ්බට කැමරූන් දක්වා චැඩ් සහ ෂරී පෝෂක ප්‍රදේශය දක්වා විහිදේ. සහෙල් කලාපයේ, වර්ෂාපතනය වසරකට මිලිමීටර 500 (අඟල් 20) ට වඩා අඩු වන අතර සහරා කාන්තාරය ආක්‍රමණය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai52_105-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රටේ වියළි ඊසානදිග කෙළවරේ චැඩ් විල පිහිටා ඇති අතර එය නයිජර්, චැඩ් සහ කැමරූන් සමඟ හවුල් ජල මායිම් සීමා කිරීමකි.</p> <p>චැඩ් ද්‍රෝණිය නයිජීරියාවේ ඊසානදිග කාර්තුවෙන් පෝෂණය වේ. බවුචි සානුව නයිජර්/බෙන්යු සහ කොමඩුගු යෝබේ ගංගා පද්ධති අතර ජල පෝෂකය සාදයි. ඊසානදිග නයිජීරියාවේ පැතලි තැනිතලා භූගෝලීය වශයෙන් චැඩ් ද්‍රෝණියේ කොටසකි, එහිදී එල් බීඩ් ගංගාව මන්දාරා කඳුකරයේ සිට චැඩ් විල දක්වා කැමරූන් සමඟ මායිම සාදයි. කොමඩුගු යෝබේ ගංගා පද්ධතිය වර්ෂා සමයේදී න්ගුරු විල අවට ජාත්‍යන්තර වශයෙන් වැදගත් වන හඩේජියා-ගුරු තෙත්බිම් සහ ඔක්ස්-බෝ විල ඇති කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඊසාන දෙසින් ඇති අනෙකුත් ගංගාවලට න්ගද්ද සහ යෙඩ්සෙරම් ඇතුළත් වන අතර, එම ගංගා දෙකම සම්බිසා වගුරු බිම් හරහා ගලා යන අතර එමඟින් ගංගා පද්ධතියක් සාදයි. ඊසාන දිග ගංගා පද්ධතිය ද ප්‍රධාන ගංගා පද්ධතියකි.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මීට අමතරව, නයිජීරියාවේ වෙරළබඩ ගංගා රාශියක් ඇත.</p> <p>පසුගිය වසර මිලියනය තුළ, නයිජීරියාවේ ඊසාන දෙසින් පිහිටි චැඩ් විල වසර දහස් ගණනක් තිස්සේ කිහිප වතාවක් වියළී ගොස් ඇති අතර බොහෝ විට එහි වර්තමාන ප්‍රමාණය මෙන් බොහෝ ගුණයකින් වර්ධනය වේ. මෑත දශක කිහිපය තුළ එහි මතුපිට විශාලත්වය සැලකිය යුතු ලෙස අඩු වී ඇති අතර, කෘෂිකාර්මික ඉඩම්වලට වාරි ජලය සැපයීම සඳහා මිනිසුන් ඇතුල්වීම් වලින් ජලය ගැනීම ද හේතු විය හැක.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="වෘක්ෂලතාදිය"><span id=".E0.B7.80.E0.B7.98.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.82.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA"></span>වෘක්ෂලතාදිය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: වෘක්ෂලතාදිය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාව වෘක්ෂලතා වර්ග තුනකින් ආවරණය වී ඇත: වනාන්තර (සැලකිය යුතු ගස් ආවරණයක් ඇති තැන), සවානා (නොසැලකිය යුතු ගස් ආවරණයක්, ගස් අතර තණකොළ හා මල් සහිත), සහ කඳුකර භූමිය (අවම වශයෙන් පොදු සහ ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් කැමරූන් දේශ සීමාව අසල කඳුකරයේ දක්නට ලැබේ. ) වනාන්තර කලාපය සහ සවානා කලාපය යන දෙකම කොටස් තුනකට බෙදා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai4_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai4-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>විශේෂයෙන් නයිජර් ගංගාව සහ හරස් ගංගා ඩෙල්ටාවන් අවට වනාන්තර කලාපයේ දකුණු දෙසින් ඇති සමහරක් කඩොලාන වගුරු බිම් වේ. මෙයට උතුරින් මිරිදිය වගුරු බිමක් ඇති අතර, ලුණු වතුර කඩොලාන වගුරු බිම් වලින් විවිධ වෘක්ෂලතා අඩංගු වන අතර, ඊට උතුරින් වැසි වනාන්තර වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai4_110-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai4-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>සවානා කලාපයේ කාණ්ඩ තුන ගිනියානු වනාන්තර-සවානා මොසෙයික් ලෙස බෙදා ඇත, රට පුරා බහුලව දක්නට ලැබෙන ගස්වලින් බාධා ඇති උස තණකොළ තැනිතලා වලින් සෑදී ඇත; සුදන් සවානා, කෙටි තණකොළ හා කෙටි ගස් ඇති; සහ සහෙල් සවානා තණකොළ සහ වැලි, ඊසාන දෙසින් දක්නට ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai4_110-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai4-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Mambilla_Plateau,_Nigeria_01.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:The_Mambilla_Plateau,_Nigeria_01.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg/220px-The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg/220px-The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg/330px-The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg/440px-The_Mambilla_Plateau%2C_Nigeria_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ ඊසානදිග කලාපයේ මාම්බිලා සානුව </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="පාරිසරික_ගැටළු"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A_.E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.85.E0.B7.94"></span>පාරිසරික ගැටළු</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: පාරිසරික ගැටළු" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg"> <noscript> <img alt="Nigerian deforrestation 1981 - 2020" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg/220px-Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1370"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 311px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg/220px-Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg" data-alt="Nigerian deforrestation 1981 - 2020" data-width="220" data-height="311" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg/330px-Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg/440px-Nigerian-deforrestation-b.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ වන විනාශය 1981-2020<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>අපද්‍රව්‍ය පිරිපහදු කිරීම, වන විනාශය සහ පාංශු හායනය සම්බන්ධ ක්‍රියාවලීන් සහ දේශගුණික විපර්යාස හෝ ගෝලීය උෂ්ණත්වය ඉහළ යාම ඇතුළු අපද්‍රව්‍ය කළමනාකරණය නයිජීරියාවේ ප්‍රධාන පාරිසරික ගැටලු වේ. ආර්ථික සංවර්ධනය, ජනගහන වර්ධනය සහ කාර්මික හා ගෘහාශ්‍රිත අපද්‍රව්‍ය ඉහළ යාම කළමනාකරණය කිරීමට මහ නගර සභාවලට ඇති නොහැකියාව සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වන ලාගෝස් සහ අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන නයිජීරියානු නගර වැනි මහා නගරයක අපද්‍රව්‍ය කළමනාකරණය ගැටලු ඉදිරිපත් කරයි. ෆෙඩරල් අගනුවර ප්‍රදේශයේ කුබ්වා ප්‍රජාවගේ තිරසාර නොවන පාරිසරික කළමනාකරණ ජීවන රටාවන් ද මෙම අපද්‍රව්‍ය කළමනාකරණ ගැටලුවට හේතු වන අතර, අපද්‍රව්‍ය අසීමිත ලෙස බැහැර කිරීමේ පුරුදු, ඇළ මාර්ග දිගේ හෝ ඒවාට අපද්‍රව්‍ය බැහැර කිරීමේ පුරුදු, ජලය ගලා යන නාලිකා වලට මලාපවහන පද්ධති හැරවීම ද වේ. රටේ ප්‍රධාන නගරවල අපද්‍රව්‍ය දූෂණය ඉහළ මට්ටමකට පැමිණීමට ප්‍රධාන හේතු ලෙස හපහාර්ඩ් කාර්මික සැලසුම්කරණය, වැඩිවන නාගරීකරණය, දරිද්‍රතාවය සහ නාගරික ආණ්ඩුවේ නිපුණතාව නොමැතිකම සැලකේ. සමහර විසඳුම් පරිසරයට විනාශකාරී වී ඇති අතර, එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ප්‍රතිකාර නොකළ අපද්‍රව්‍ය ජල මාර්ග සහ භූගත ජලය දූෂණය කළ හැකි ස්ථානවලට බැහැර කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ ආහාර හා කෘෂිකර්ම සංවිධානයට අනුව 2005 දී නයිජීරියාව ලෝකයේ වනාන්තර විනාශයේ ඉහළම අනුපාතයක් ඇති රට විය.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එම වසරේ, 12.2%, එනම් හෙක්ටයාර් 11,089,000 ට සමාන වන ප්‍රමාණයක් රට තුළ වනාන්තර විය. 1990 සහ 2000 අතර, නයිජීරියාවට සෑම වසරකම වනාන්තර හෙක්ටයාර 409,700 ක සාමාන්‍ය වාර්ෂික වනාන්තර විනාශ කිරීමේ අනුපාතය 2.4% ට සමාන විය. 1990 සහ 2005 අතර, සමස්තයක් වශයෙන් නයිජීරියාවේ වනාන්තර ආවරණයෙන් 35.7% ක් හෝ හෙක්ටයාර 6,145,000 ක් පමණ අහිමි විය.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවට 2019 වනාන්තර භූ දර්ශන අඛණ්ඩතා දර්ශකයේ මධ්‍යන්‍ය ලකුණු 6.2/10ක් තිබූ අතර එය රටවල් 172 කින් ගෝලීය වශයෙන් 82 වැනි ස්ථානයට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_FLII-Supplementary_115-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_FLII-Supplementary-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2010 වර්ෂයේදී, උතුරු ප්‍රාන්තයේ සැම්ෆාරා හි අවිධිමත් රන් කැණීම් හේතුවෙන් දහස් ගණන් ජනයා නොදැනුවත්වම ඊයම් අඩංගු පස්වලට නිරාවරණය විය. ඇස්තමේන්තු වෙනස් වුවද, දරුණු ඊයම් විෂ වීමෙන් ළමුන් 400කට වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් මිය ගිය බව සැලකේ, මෙය මෙතෙක් හමු වූ විශාලතම ඊයම් විෂ මාරක ව්‍යාප්තිය විය හැකිය.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ඩෙල්ටා කලාපය එහි තෙල් කර්මාන්තය නිසා ඇති වන බරපතල තෙල් කාන්දුවීම් සහ අනෙකුත් පාරිසරික ගැටලු හේතුවෙන් ලෝකයේ වඩාත්ම දූෂිත කලාපයන්ගෙන් එකකි.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> විෂ සහිත දූෂක සහිත වාතය, පොළව සහ ජලය අධික ලෙස දූෂණය වීම පරිසර නාශක සඳහා උදාහරණයක් ලෙස බොහෝ විට භාවිතා වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> පාරිසරික හානියට අමතරව එය ඩෙල්ටා කලාපයේ ගැටුම් ඇති කර තිබේ.</p> <p>දේශීය ක්‍රියාකරුවන් විසින් සොරකම් කරන ලද බොරතෙල් පෙට්‍රල් සහ ඩීසල් බවට පරිවර්තනය කරන නීතිවිරෝධී තෙල් පිරිපහදු, විශේෂයෙන් "අපිරිසිදු, අනතුරුදායක සහ ලාභදායී" ලෙස සැලකේ.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ආරක්ෂාව සහ පාරිසරික අංශ සාමාන්‍යයෙන් නොසලකා හරිනු ලැබේ. ඛනිජ තෙල් පිරිපහදු කිරීම අනිවාර්යයෙන්ම බර තෙල් නිපදවන අතර එය සාමාන්‍ය කම්හල්වල විශාල තාක්ෂණික වියදමකින් සැහැල්ලු ඉන්ධන සංරචක බවට පත්කර ඇත. නීතිවිරෝධී පිරිපහදුවලට මෙම තාක්ෂණික හැකියාවන් නොමැති අතර එය එකතු වන බර තෙල් "ඉවත දැමේ". බොරතෙල් වල සැහැල්ලු සංඝටක (මීතේන් සිට බියුටේන්, අයිසොබියුටේන්) යම් පිපිරුම් අවදානමක් ඇති කරයි, එය බොහෝ විට නීති විරෝධී කම්හල්වල විපත් ඇති කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 දී නයිජීරියාව දේශීය, නීති විරෝධී පිරිපහදුවල පිපිරීම් වලින් 125 දෙනෙකුට ගොදුරු විය.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="දේශපාලනය"><span id=".E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.9A.E0.B7.81.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BA"></span>දේශපාලනය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: දේශපාලනය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ආණ්ඩුව"><span id=".E0.B6.86.E0.B6.AB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.A9.E0.B7.94.E0.B7.80"></span>ආණ්ඩුව</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ආණ්ඩුව" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1276"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> වර්තමාන භාවිතයේ පවතින නයිජීරියාවේ ලාංඡනය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාව යනු ස්වාධීන ඒකකයක් ලෙස ප්‍රාන්ත 36ක් සහ අගනුවර වන අබුජා සමඟ<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එක්සත් ජනපදයට අනුරූපව ෆෙඩරල් ජනරජයකි. විධායක බලය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන්නේ ජනාධිපතිවරයාය. ජනාධිපතිවරයා රාජ්‍ය නායකයා සහ ෆෙඩරල් ආණ්ඩුවේ ප්‍රධානියා ද වේ; ජනාධිපතිවරයා මහජන ඡන්දයෙන් තේරී පත්වන්නේ උපරිම වශයෙන් වසර හතරක වාර දෙකකටය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_factbook3_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_factbook3-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජනාධිපතිවරයා මෙන් ප්‍රාන්ත ආණ්ඩුකාරවරුන් වසර හතරකට තේරී පත් වන අතර උපරිම වාර දෙකක් සේවය කළ හැකිය. ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ බලය සෙනෙට් සභාවක් සහ නියෝජිත මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලයක් මගින් පරීක්ෂා කරනු ලබන අතර ඒවා ජාතික සභාව ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ද්වි-මණ්ඩල මණ්ඩලයක් තුළ ඒකාබද්ධ වේ. සෙනෙට් සභාව යනු ආසන 109 කින් යුත් ආයතනයක් වන අතර, එක් එක් ප්‍රාන්තයෙන් සාමාජිකයින් තිදෙනෙකු සහ අබුජා අගනුවර ප්‍රදේශයෙන් එක් අයෙකු වේ; සාමාජිකයින් වසර හතරක කාලසීමාවක් සඳහා මහජන ඡන්දයෙන් තේරී පත් වේ. සභාව ආසන 360කින් සමන්විත වන අතර, එක් ප්‍රාන්තයකට ආසන සංඛ්‍යාව ජනගහනය අනුව තීරණය වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_factbook3_128-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_factbook3-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියානු ජනාධිපතිවරයා තේරී පත්වන්නේ නවීකරණය කරන ලද වට දෙකක ක්‍රමයකිනි. පළමු වටයේදී තේරී පත් වීමට, අපේක්ෂකයෙකුට ප්‍රාන්ත 36 න් අවම වශයෙන් 24 ක සාපේක්ෂ බහුතර ඡන්ද ප්‍රමාණයක් සහ 25% කට වඩා වැඩි ඡන්ද ප්‍රමාණයක් ලැබිය යුතුය.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කිසිදු අපේක්ෂකයෙකු මෙම බාධකයට ළඟා නොවන්නේ නම්, වැඩිම ප්‍රාන්ත සංඛ්‍යාවක බහුතර ඡන්ද ලබාගත් ප්‍රමුඛ අපේක්ෂකයා සහ ඊළඟ අපේක්ෂකයා අතර දෙවන වටයේ ඡන්ද විමසීමක් සිදු වේ. සම්මුතියට අනුව, ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂකයින් වාර්ගික සහ ආගමික වශයෙන් තමන්ට විරුද්ධ සහකරු (උප ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂකයා) තෝරා ගනී. මෙය නියම කරන නීතියක් නැත, නමුත් සිව්වන ජනරජයේ පැවැත්මේ සිට 2023 දක්වා සියලුම ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂකයින් මෙම රීතියට අනුගත විය.</p> <p>කෙසේ වෙතත්, නායකත්වයේ ආගමික සහ වාර්ගික විවිධත්වයේ මෙම මූලධර්මය 2023 මහ මැතිවරණයේදී නොසලකා හරින ලද අතර, සමස්ත ප්‍රගතිශීලී කොංග්‍රසයේ අපේක්ෂකයා වන මුස්ලිම් ජාතික බෝලා අහමඩ් ටිනුබු, තවත් මුස්ලිම්වරයෙකු වන සෙනෙට් සභික කාෂිම් ෂෙට්ටිමා අපේක්ෂකයෙකු ලෙස තෝරා ගන්නා ලදී.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="පරිපාලන_අංශ"><span id=".E0.B6.B4.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.B1_.E0.B6.85.E0.B6.82.E0.B7.81"></span>පරිපාලන අංශ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: පරිපාලන අංශ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg"> <noscript> <img alt="" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg/220px-Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="703"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg/220px-Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg/330px-Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg/440px-Political_map_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> පරිපාලන අංශ සහිත නයිජීරියාවේ සිතියම </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාව ප්‍රාන්ත තිස් හයකට සහ එක් ෆෙඩරල් අගනුවරකට බෙදා ඇති අතර ඒවා තවදුරටත් පළාත් පාලන ප්‍රදේශ 774 කට බෙදා ඇත. සමහර සන්දර්භයන් තුළ, ප්‍රාන්ත භූ දේශපාලනික කලාප හයකට එකතු කර ඇත:<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B9_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="වයඹ කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">වයඹ කලාපය</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඊසාන කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">ඊසාන කලාපය</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="උතුරු මැද කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">උතුරු මැද කලාපය</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="නිරිත කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">නිරිත කලාපය</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ගිණිකොන කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">ගිණිකොන කලාපය</a></li> <li><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="දකුණ-දකුණ කලාපය (නයිජීරියාව)">දකුණ-දකුණ කලාපය</a></li> </ul> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ මිලියනයකට අධික ජනගහනයක් සහිත නගර පහක් ඇත (විශාල සිට කුඩාම දක්වා): ලාගෝස්, කැනෝ, ඉබදාන්, බෙනින් නගරය සහ පෝර්ට් හාර්කෝර්ට්. ලාගෝස් යනු අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම නගරය වන අතර එහි නාගරික ප්‍රදේශයේ මිලියන 12 කට අධික ජනගහනයක් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_felix2_132-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_felix2-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>විශේෂයෙන්ම රටේ දකුණ ඉතා ශක්තිමත් නාගරීකරණය සහ සාපේක්ෂව විශාල නගර සංඛ්‍යාවක් මගින් සංලක්ෂිත වේ. 2015 හි ඇස්තමේන්තුවකට අනුව,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ නගර 20 ක් 500,000 කට වඩා වැඩි ජනගහනයක් සිටින අතර, මිලියනයක ජනගහනයක් සහිත නගර දහයක් ද ඇත.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="නීතිය"><span id=".E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA"></span>නීතිය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: නීතිය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව රටේ උත්තරීතර නීතියයි. ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය, සාමාන්‍ය නීතිය, චාරිත්‍රානුකූල නීතිය සහ ෂරියා නීතිය ඇතුළත් නයිජීරියාවේ එකිනෙකට වෙනස් නීති පද්ධති හතරක් ඇත:</p> <ul> <li>නයිජීරියාවේ ඉංග්‍රීසි නීතිය සමන්විත වන්නේ යටත් විජිත යුගයේ සිට බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය නීති එකතු කිරීමෙනි.</li> <li>පොදු නීතිය යනු සිවිල් නීති ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ (ඊනියා පූර්වාදර්ශ) බලධාරී අධිකරණ තීන්දු එකතු කිරීම අදාළ රටෙහි - මෙම නඩුවේ නයිජීරියාවේ දී ලබා දී ඇත. (මෙම ක්‍රමය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඇංග්ලෝ-සැක්සන් රටවල දක්නට ලැබේ; අනෙක් අතට, මහාද්වීපික යුරෝපයේ, ප්‍රංශයේ නැපෝලියන් සංග්‍රහයේ මෙන්, හැකිතාක් දුරට, සංග්‍රහ කරන ලද සහ වියුක්ත සිවිල් නීතිය ප්‍රමුඛ වේ).<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>චාරිත්‍රානුකූල නීතිය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වී ඇත්තේ පූර්ව යටත් විජිත යොරුබා ඉඩම් රහස් සමිතිවල සහ ඉග්බෝලන්තයේ සහ ඉබිබියෝලන්ඩ්හි එක්පේ සහ ඔකොන්කෝ හි ආරවුල් විසඳීමේ රැස්වීම් ඇතුළුව දේශීය සම්ප්‍රදායික සම්මතයන් සහ භාවිතයන් මගිනි.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ෂරියා නීතිය (ඉස්ලාම් නීතිය ලෙසද හැඳින්වේ) භාවිතා කරනු ලැබුවේ ඉස්ලාම් ප්‍රමුඛ ආගම වන උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ පමණි. එය ලාගෝස් ප්‍රාන්තය, ඔයෝ ප්‍රාන්තය, ක්වාරා ප්‍රාන්තය, ඔගුන් ප්‍රාන්තය සහ ඔසුන් ප්‍රාන්තය යන ප්‍රාන්තවල ද මුස්ලිම්වරුන් විසින් භාවිතා කරනු ලැබේ. මුස්ලිම් දණ්ඩ නීති සංග්‍රහ සෑම ප්‍රාන්තයකම එක හා සමාන නොවන අතර ඒවා ආගමික අනුබද්ධය අනුව දඬුවම් සහ වැරදි වෙනස් කරයි (උදාහරණයක් ලෙස, මත්පැන් පානය සහ බෙදා හැරීම).</li> </ul> <p>රටේ අධිකරණ ශාඛාවක් ඇත, එහි ඉහළම අධිකරණය නයිජීරියාවේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="විදේශ_සබඳතා"><span id=".E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.9A.E0.B7.81_.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.B6.E0.B6.B3.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F"></span>විදේශ සබඳතා</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: විදේශ සබඳතා" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MinForeignAffairs.jpg"> <noscript> <img alt="" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:MinForeignAffairs.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MinForeignAffairs.jpg/220px-MinForeignAffairs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="1520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MinForeignAffairs.jpg/220px-MinForeignAffairs.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MinForeignAffairs.jpg/330px-MinForeignAffairs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MinForeignAffairs.jpg/440px-MinForeignAffairs.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> විදේශ කටයුතු අමාත්‍යාංශය, අබුජා </figcaption> </figure> <p>1960 දී නිදහස ලැබීමෙන් පසු නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකානු එක්සත්කම සිය විදේශ ප්‍රතිපත්තියේ කේන්ද්‍රස්ථානය බවට පත් කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අප්‍රිකානු අවධානයට එක් ව්‍යතිරේකයක් වූයේ 1960 ගණන්වල ඊශ්‍රායලය සමඟ නයිජීරියාවේ සමීප සබඳතාව වර්ධනය වීමයි. නයිජීරියාවේ පාර්ලිමේන්තු ගොඩනැගිලි ඉදිකිරීමට ඊශ්‍රායලය අනුග්‍රහය දැක්වීය.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ විදේශ ප්‍රතිපත්තිය 1970 ගනන්වල සිය සිවිල් යුද්ධයෙන් එක්සත් වූ පසු රට පරීක්ෂාවට ලක් විය. එය දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවේ සුදු සුළුතර ආණ්ඩුවලට එරෙහි ව්‍යාපාරවලට සහාය විය. දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු රජය සම්බන්ධයෙන් දැඩි ස්ථාවරයක් ගනිමින් නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකානු ජාතික කොංග්‍රසයට සහාය දැක්වීය. නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකානු එක්සත්කම සඳහා වූ සංවිධානයේ (දැන් අප්‍රිකානු සංගමය) ආරම්භක සාමාජිකයෙකු වූ අතර සමස්තයක් වශයෙන් බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ සහ අප්‍රිකාවේ දැවැන්ත බලපෑමක් ඇත. නයිජීරියාව බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ කලාපීය සමුපකාර ප්‍රයත්නයන් ආරම්භ කරන ලද අතර, බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු රාජ්‍යයන්ගේ ආර්ථික ප්‍රජාව (ECOWAS) සහ ECOMOG (විශේෂයෙන් ලයිබීරියාව සහ සියෙරා ලියොන් සිවිල් යුද්ධ වලදී) සඳහා ප්‍රමිති දරන්නා ලෙස ක්‍රියා කළේය.</p> <p>මෙම අප්‍රිකාව කේන්ද්‍ර කරගත් ස්ථාවරය සමඟින්, නයිජීරියාව නිදහසින් ටික කලකට පසු එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ නියමය පරිදි කොංගෝවට හමුදා යවා ඇත (සහ එතැන් සිට සාමාජිකත්වය පවත්වා ගෙන යයි). ඇන්ගෝලාවේ MPLA, නැමීබියාවේ SWAPO සඳහා සහය ලබා ගැනීම සහ පෘතුගීසි මොසැම්බික් සහ රොඩේෂියාවේ සුළුතර ආන්ඩුවලට එරෙහි වීමට සහාය වීම ඇතුළුව, 1970 ගණන්වල දී නයිජීරියාව පෑන්-අප්‍රිකානු සහ ස්වයං-ආණ්ඩු ගැති කරුණු කිහිපයකට සහාය විය. නයිජීරියාව නොබැඳි ව්‍යාපාරයේ සාමාජිකත්වය රඳවා ගනී. 2006 නොවැම්බර් මස අගදී, එය අබුජා හි අප්‍රිකා-දකුණු ඇමරිකා සමුළුවක් සංවිධානය කළේ, සමහර සහභාගිවන්නන් "දකුණු-දකුණු" සම්බන්ධය විවිධ පෙරමුණු ඔස්සේ ප්‍රවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා ය.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව ජාත්‍යන්තර අපරාධ අධිකරණයේ සහ පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ජාතීන්ගේ සාමාජිකයෙකි. 1995 දී අබාචා පාලනය විසින් පාලනය කරන විට එය තාවකාලිකව නෙරපා හරින ලදී.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාව 1970 ගණන්වල සිට ජාත්‍යන්තර තෙල් කර්මාන්තයේ ප්‍රධාන නිශ්පාදකයකු ලෙස රැඳී සිටින අතර ඔපෙක් හි සාමාජිකත්වය පවත්වා ගෙන යන අතර එය 1971 ජූලි මාසයේදී එක් විය. ප්‍රධාන ඛනිජ තෙල් නිෂ්පාදකයෙකු ලෙස එහි තත්ත්වය සංවර්ධිත රටවල්, විශේෂයෙන් එක්සත් ජනපදය සමඟ සමහර විට අස්ථාවර සහ සංවර්ධනය වෙමින් පවතින රටවල් සමඟ ජාත්‍යන්තර සබඳතා තුළ කැපී පෙනේ.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2000 සිට, චීන-නයිජීරියානු වෙළඳ සබඳතා ඝාතීය ලෙස ඉහළ ගොස් ඇත. 2000 සිට 2016 දක්වා රටවල් දෙක අතර මුළු වෙළඳාමේ ඩොලර් බිලියන 10.3 කට වඩා වැඩි වීමක් සිදුවී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙසේ වෙතත්, චීන-නයිජීරියානු වෙළඳ සබඳතා ව්‍යුහය නයිජීරියානු රාජ්‍යයට ප්‍රධාන දේශපාලන ප්‍රශ්නයක් බවට පත්ව ඇත. සමස්ත ද්විපාර්ශ්වික වෙළඳ පරිමාවෙන් සියයට 80 ක් පමණ චීනයෙන් අපනයනය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව චීනයට අපනයනය කරනවාට වඩා දස ගුණයකින් ආනයනය කිරීමත් සමඟ මෙය බරපතල වෙළඳ අසමතුලිතතාවයකට හේතු වී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> පසුව, නයිජීරියාවේ ආර්ථිකය පවත්වා ගැනීම සඳහා ලාභ ආනයන මත අධික ලෙස රඳා පවතින අතර, එවැනි විධිවිධාන යටතේ නයිජීරියානු කර්මාන්තයේ පැහැදිලි පහත වැටීමක් ඇති විය.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>එහි අප්‍රිකාව කේන්ද්‍ර කරගත් විදේශ ප්‍රතිපත්තිය දිගටම කරගෙන යමින් නයිජීරියාව බටහිර අප්‍රිකාව සඳහා තනි මුදල් ඒකකයක් පිළිබඳ අදහස හඳුන්වා දුන්නේ එය නයිරා විසින් මෙහෙයවනු ඇතැයි යන උපකල්පනය යටතේ ය. නමුත් 2019 දෙසැම්බර් 21 දින, අයිවෝරියානු ජනාධිපති ඇලසාන් ඔවාටාරා, එමානුවෙල් මැක්‍රොන් සහ තවත් UEMOA ප්‍රාන්ත කිහිපයක් ප්‍රකාශ කළේ ඔවුන් මුලින් අදහස් කළ පරිදි මුදල් ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනය කිරීම වෙනුවට CFA ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් නැවත නම් කරන බවයි. 2020 වන විට දන්නා පරිදි, ඉකෝ මුදල් 2025 දක්වා ප්‍රමාද වී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="හමුදා"><span id=".E0.B7.84.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.8F"></span>හමුදා</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: හමුදා" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg/220px-ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="1426"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg/220px-ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg/330px-ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg/440px-ZSU-23-4_Shilka_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියානු හමුදාවේ ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගුවන් යානා නාශක තුවක්කුවක් </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදා යනු නයිජීරියාවේ ඒකාබද්ධ හමුදා බලකායයි. එය නිල ඇඳුම් සහිත සේවා ශාඛා තුනකින් සමන්විත වේ: නයිජීරියානු හමුදාව, නයිජීරියානු නාවික හමුදාව සහ නයිජීරියානු ගුවන් හමුදාව. නයිජීරියාවේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා සන්නද්ධ හමුදාවල සේනාධිනායකයා ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරන අතර, මිලිටරිය සහ එහි පිරිස් කළමනාකරණය සඳහා වගකිව යුතු ආරක්ෂක අමාත්‍යාංශය හරහා ඔහුගේ ව්‍යවස්ථාපිත අධිකාරිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරයි. AFN හි මෙහෙයුම් ප්‍රධානියා වන්නේ නයිජීරියානු ආරක්ෂක අමාත්‍යවරයාට යටත්ව සිටින ආරක්ෂක මාණ්ඩලික ප්‍රධානියාය. 223,000කට වඩා වැඩි ක්‍රියාකාරී පිරිස් බලයක් ඇති නයිජීරියානු හමුදාව අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම නිල ඇඳුමින් සැරසුණු සටන් සේවාවලින් එකකි.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg/220px-Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg/220px-Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg/330px-Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg/440px-Nigerian_Air_Force_Mil_Mi-24V_Iwelumo-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියානු ගුවන් හමුදාවේ Mi-24 ප්‍රහාරක හෙලිකොප්ටරය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ සන්නද්ධ හමුදාවන්හි 143,000 භට පිරිසක් (හමුදාව 100,000, නාවික හමුදාව 25,000, ගුවන් හමුදාව 18,000) සහ තවත් 80,000 පිරිස් "ජෙන්ඩමරීන් සහ පැරාමිලිටරි" සඳහා 2020 දී, උපායමාර්ගික අධ්‍යයන සඳහා වූ ජාත්‍යන්තර ආයතනයට අනුව සිටී.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:8_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:8-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව 2017 දී එහි සන්නද්ධ හමුදාවන් සඳහා වියදම් කළේ එහි ආර්ථික නිමැවුමෙන් සියයට 0.4ක් හෙවත් ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 1.6ක් පමණි.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 සඳහා, නයිජීරියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදාවන් සඳහා ඇමෙරිකානු ඩොලර් බිලියන 2.26ක් වැය කර ඇති අතර, එය බෙල්ජියමේ ආරක්ෂක අයවැයෙන් තුනෙන් එකකට වඩා (ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 5.99) පමණ වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:8_147-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:8-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="කලාපීය_ගැටුම්"><span id=".E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>කලාපීය ගැටුම්</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: කලාපීය ගැටුම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg/220px-BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1971"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg/220px-BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg/330px-BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg/440px-BokoHaram_deaths_by_state.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> බොකෝ හරාම් ප්‍රහාර, 2011 සිට 2022 ඔක්තෝබර් දක්වා. සෑම සංඛ්‍යාවක්ම මරණ 1,000ක් නියෝජනය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:5_150-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:5-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>බොකෝ හරාම් සහ කොල්ලකරුවන්ගේ ගැටුම 2010 මැද භාගයේ සිට දහස් ගණනකට හානි සිදු වූ බරපතල ප්‍රහාර රාශියකට වගකිව යුතුය. එතැන් සිට, විදේශ සබඳතා පිළිබඳ කවුන්සිලයේ නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක ආයතනයට අනුව, මෙම ගැටුමෙන් (2022 ඔක්තෝබර් වන විට)<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:5_150-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:5-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජීවිත 41,600 කට වඩා අහිමි වී ඇත. එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සරණාගත ඒජන්සිය UNHCR විසින් අභ්‍යන්තරව අවතැන් වූ පුද්ගලයින් මිලියන 1.8 ක් පමණ සහ අසල්වැසි රටවල නයිජීරියානු සරණාගතයින් 200,000 ක් පමණ ගණන් ගනී.</p> <p>බොකෝ හරාම් බලපෑමට ලක් වූ රාජ්‍යයන් 2015 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේදී බොකෝ හරාම් සමඟ ඒකාබද්ධව සටන් කිරීම සඳහා 8,700 ක බහුජාතික ඒකාබද්ධ කාර්ය සාධක බලකායක් පිහිටුවීමට එකඟ විය. 2015 ඔක්තෝම්බර් වන විට බොකෝ හරාම් පාලනය කරන ලද සියලුම නගරවලින් සහ ඊසානදිග නයිජීරියාවේ සියලුම ප්‍රාන්තවලින් පාහේ පලවා හැර ඇත. 2016 දී, බොකෝ හරාම් දෙකඩ වූ අතර 2022 දී සටන්කරුවන් 40,000 ක් යටත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISWAP (බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය) යන බෙදීම් කණ්ඩායම ක්‍රියාකාරීව පවතී.</p> <p>බොකෝ හරාම්, අනෙකුත් නිකායිකයින් සහ අපරාධකරුවන්ට එරෙහි සටන පොලිස් ප්‍රහාර වැඩි වීමත් සමඟ ඇත. විදේශ සබඳතා පිළිබඳ කවුන්සිලයේ නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්‍ෂක ආයතනය විසින් 2011 මැයි මාසයේ ස්ථාපිත කළ පළමු මාස 12 තුළ බොකෝ හරාම් ප්‍රහාරවලින් මරණ 1,086 ක් සහ පොලිස් ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වයෙන් 290 ක් මිය ගිය බව ගණන් බලා ඇත. 2021 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයෙන් පසු මාස 12 තුළ, පොලිස් ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වයෙන් පුද්ගලයන් 2,193 ක් සහ බොකෝ හරාම් ප්‍රහාරවලින් 498 ක් මිය ගියහ. නයිජීරියානු පොලිසිය සුපරීක්ෂාකාරී යුක්තිය සඳහා කුප්‍රකට ය.</p> <p>නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ, නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ විමුක්තිය සඳහා වූ ව්‍යාපාරය (MEND), නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටා මහජන ස්වේච්ඡා බලකාය (NDPVF), ඉජාව් ජාතික සම්මේලනය (INC) සහ පෑන් නයිජර් වැනි සටන්කාමී කණ්ඩායම් විසින් 2016 දී තෙල් යටිතල පහසුකම්වලට දැඩි ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කරන ලදී. ඩෙල්ටා සංසදය (PANDEF). ඊට ප්‍රතිචාර වශයෙන් නව බුහාරි ආන්ඩුව මර්දනයේ සහ සාකච්ඡා කිරීමේ ද්විත්ව උපාය මාර්ගයක් අනුගමනය කළේය.</p> <p>2016 අගභාගයේදී, නයිජීරියානු ෆෙඩරල් ආන්ඩුව, තෙල් යටිතල පහසුකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීම සඳහා සටන්කාමී කණ්ඩායම්වලට නයිරා බිලියන 4.5ක (ඇමරිකානු ඩොලර් මිලියන 144ක) කොන්ත්‍රාත්තුවක් පිරිනැමීමේ උප්පරවැට්ටියට යොමු විය. කොන්ත්‍රාත්තුව 2022 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී අලුත් කරන ලද නමුත් අරමුදල් බෙදා හැරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් ඉහත සඳහන් කණ්ඩායම් අතර දැඩි ආරවුල් ඇති විය. නියෝජිතයන් එකිනෙකාට එරෙහිව "යුද්ධය"<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:7_152-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:7-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ගැන කතා කරයි. ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වයට ඇති ඉහළ ප්‍රවනතාවය සහ නායකයන්ගේ අල්පේච්ඡතාව මෙන්ම මෙම ආරවුල තුළ සමාජ හා පාරිසරික තර්ක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම නොපැවතීම<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:7_152-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:7-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සටන්කාමී කණ්ඩායම් ඔවුන්ගේ උසස් නම් තිබියදීත්, ඔවුන්ගේ කලාපය පිළිබඳ වගකීම ඉවත දමා ඇති බවට බියක් ඇති කරයි. ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් සහ ආරක්ෂණ ජාවාරම් සහ ස්වයං-පොහොසත් වීමේ ක්ෂේත්‍රයට ගොස් ඇත. කෙසේ වෙතත්, නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ නල මාර්ග ඉතා ඵලදායි ලෙස "ආරක්ෂා" කර නැත - සොරකම් කරන ලද බොරතෙල් සහ නීති විරෝධී ලෙස නිපදවන ලද බැර ඉන්ධන තෙල් වලින් නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටා දූෂණය 2016 න් පසු බාධාවකින් තොරව දිගටම පැවතුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>මධ්‍යම නයිජීරියාවේ, මුස්ලිම් හවුසා-ෆුලානි එඬේරුන් සහ ආදිවාසී ක්‍රිස්තියානි ගොවීන් අතර ගැටුම් යළිත් ඇවිලී ගියේය, විශේෂයෙන්ම කඩුනා, සානුව, ටරාබා සහ බෙනු ප්‍රාන්තවල. එක් එක් අවස්ථාවන්හිදී, මෙම ගැටුම් සිය ගණනක් ජීවිත බිලිගෙන ඇත. උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ කාන්තාරකරණය, ජනගහන වර්ධනය සහ සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ආතති සහගත ආර්ථික තත්ත්වය හේතුවෙන් ඉඩම් සහ සම්පත් පිළිබඳ ගැටුම් වැඩි වෙමින් පවතී.</p> <p>2022 ජුනි මාසයේදී ඕවෝ හි ශාන්ත ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් සේවියර් දේවස්ථානයේ සමූල ඝාතනයක් සිදු විය. පල්ලියේ සාමාජිකයන් 50කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් ඝාතනය කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් රජය ISWAP වෙත දොස් පැවරූ නමුත් ප්‍රදේශවාසීන් සැක කරන්නේ ෆුලානි එඬේරුන්ගේ සම්බන්ධයයි.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ආර්ථිකය"><span id=".E0.B6.86.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AE.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.BA"></span>ආර්ථිකය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ආර්ථිකය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8&amp;wpDestFile=GDP-per-capita_West-Africa_2019.jpg&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ගොනුව:GDP-per-capita West-Africa 2019.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300" data-height="300">ගොනුව:GDP-per-capita West-Africa 2019.jpg</span></a> <figcaption> බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ දළ වශයෙන් 2019 දී දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ආර්ථිකය අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම ලෝකයේ නාමික දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයෙන් 31 වන විශාලතම සහ ඒක පුද්ගල ආදායම අනුව ලොව 30 වන විශාලතම වේ. ඒක පුද්ගල ආදායම වන්නේ ඇමරිකානු ඩොලර් 9,148<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2022 දී), එය දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව, ඊජිප්තුවට හෝ මොරොක්කෝවට වඩා අඩුය, නමුත් ඝානාවට හෝ අයිවරි කෝස්ට් වලට වඩා ටිකක් වැඩිය.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාව යනු අප්‍රිකාවේ බලශක්තිය, මූල්‍ය වෙළඳපොළ සහ විනෝදාස්වාද ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ ප්‍රමුඛයකි. නයිජීරියාව සඳහා වන විදේශ විනිමය ඉපැයීම්වල දෙවන විශාලතම ප්‍රභවය වන ඛනිජ තෙල්ය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_tribune.com.ng2_157-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_tribune.com.ng2-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ දේශීය හා ජාත්‍යන්තර බැංකු, වත්කම් කළමනාකරණ සමාගම්, තැරැව්කාර නිවාස, තැරැව්කාර නිවාස, වාහන අරමුදල් සහ ආයෝජන බැංකු මිශ්‍ර කිරීමකින් නයිජීරියාව ඉතා දියුණු මූල්‍ය සේවා අංශයක් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ මධ්‍යම ආදායම්ලාභී ආර්ථිකයක්<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ස්වභාවික සම්පත් බහුල ලෙස සැපයීය. එහි පුළුල් ඛනිජ සම්පත් වල පුළුල් පරාවර්ෂයේ ඛනිජ සම්පත් අතර ගල් අඟුරු, බැක්ලිට්, ටන්ටෝල්, ටින්, ටින්, යකඩ, නියෝබියම්, ඊයම් සහ සින්ක් ඇතුළත් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙම ස්වාභාවික සම්පත්වල විශාල තැන්පතු තිබියදීත්, නයිජීරියාවේ පතල් කැණීමේ කර්මාන්තය තවමත් එහි ළදරු අවධියේ පවතී.</p> <p>1999 ට පෙර, වසර ගණනාවක මිලිටරි පාලනය, දූෂණය සහ වැරදි කළමනාකරණය නිසා ආර්ථික සංවර්ධනය බාධාවක් වී තිබේ. ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය සහ පසුකාලීන ආර්ථික ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ යථා තත්ත්වයට පත් කිරීම ආර්ථික විභවතාවයට සහාය වී ඇත.</p> <p>2015 න් පසු, නයිජීරියානු ආර්ථිකයට තරමක් විවිධාංගීකරණය කිරීමට හැකි විය. තෙල් හා ගෑස් වලට අමතරව, නයිජීරියාව අපනයනය පොහොර හා සිමෙන්ති / සිමෙන්ති මණ්ඩලය, අච්චු සහිත පොලිප්රොපිලීන් (ප්ලාස්ටික්) නිෂ්පාදන, පුද්ගලික සත්කාර නිෂ්පාදන, තීන්ත, මෝල්ට් බීතස් හා සන්නද්ධ වාහන දක්වා ව්‍යාප්ත විය.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="කෘෂිකර්මය"><span id=".E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.98.E0.B7.82.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.B8.E0.B6.BA"></span>කෘෂිකර්මය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: කෘෂිකර්මය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg/220px-Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg/220px-Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg/330px-Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg/440px-Palm_nuts_put_out_to_dry.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියානු පාම් ඇට වර්ග වියළීම </figcaption> </figure> <p>2021 දී නයිජීරියාවේ දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයෙන් 23.4% ක් පමණ දායක වන්නේ කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය, වන විද්‍යාව සහ මසුන් ඇල්ලීමෙනි.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව යනු ලොව විශාලතම කැසාවා හි නිෂ්පාදකයා වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:2_162-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:2-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වැඩිදුර ප්‍රධාන භෝග බඩ ඉරිඟු, සහල්, මෙනේරි, අල බීන්ස් සහ ගිනියා ඉරිඟු (බඩ ඉරිඟු) ඇතුළත් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කොකෝවා යනු ප්‍රධාන කෘෂිකාර්මික අපනයනය වන අතර රටේ වඩාත්ම වැදගත් ඛනිජ නොවන නිෂ්පාදන වලින් එකකි.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව යනු ස්වාභාවික රබර් අපනයනකරුවෙක් වන අතර එය 2019 දී ඩොලර් මිලියන 20.9 ක් උත්පාදනය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියානු සිවිල් යුද්ධය සහ තෙල් උත්පාතය ඉදිරියේ නයිජීරියාව ආහාර වලින් ස්වයංපෝෂිත විය.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:11_168-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:11-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ප්‍රධාන විදේශ විනිමය උපයන්නා වන කෘෂිකර්මාන්තයයි.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ වේගවත් ජනගහන වර්ධනය සමඟ කෘෂිකාර්මික කටයුතුවල යෙදීමට අපොහොසත් වී ඇති අතර නයිජීරියාව දැන් තමා නඩත්තු කිරීම සඳහා ආහාර ආනයනය මත රඳා පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:11_168-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:11-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ආහාර ආනයනය සඳහා ඇමරිකානු ඩොලර් බිලියන 6.7 ක් වාර්ෂික වියදම් කරයි. ආහාර අපනයනයෙන් ලැබෙන ආදායමකට වඩා හතර ගුණයක් වැඩිය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:2_162-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:2-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියානු රජය 1970 ගණන්වල අකාබනික පොහොර භාවිතය ප්‍රවර්ධනය කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_pasquini2_172-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_pasquini2-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ සහල් නිෂ්පාදනය 2017/18 සිට 2021/22 දක්වා වසරකට ටොන් මිලියන 5 සිට 10% දක්වා ඉහළ ගොස් ඇති<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නමුත් වැඩිවන ඉල්ලුම සමඟ ඉදිරියට නොගොස් ඇත. එබැවින් සහල් ආනයනය වසරකට ටොන් මිලියන 2 ක නියතව පැවතුනි. 2019 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී නයිජීරියාව දේශීය නිෂ්පාදනය ඉහළ නැංවීමේ කොටසක් ලෙස රට තුළට ගෙන යාමේ සහල් ජාවාරම නැවැත්වීම සඳහා බෙනින් සහ අනෙකුත් අසල්වැසි රටවල් සමඟ දේශ සීමාව වසා දැමීය.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>මේ වන විට නයිජීරියාව අනපේක්ෂිත සහල් අපනයනය කළ නමුත් රටේ ප්‍රධාන ආහාර වන සහල් ආනයනය කිරීමට සිදු විය. - ලාගෝස් අසල පිහිටි සරුටෝ හි සහල් මෝල, වෙළඳාමේ ශේෂය සහ ශ්‍රම වෙළඳපොළේ ශේෂය වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම සහ ප්‍රවාහන හා අතරමැදියන් සඳහා අනවශ්‍ය වියදම් වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම සහ බේරා හි විශාලතම කර්මාන්ත පූර්ණ ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක වන විට, 250,000 ක ජනතාවක්වි විසින් වාර්ෂිකව කිලෝ 50 ක සහල් බෑග් මිලියන 2.5 ක් නිෂ්පාදනය කරනු ඇතැයි අපේක්ෂා කෙරේ.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="තෙල්_සහ_ස්වාභාවික_වායු"><span id=".E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.99.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.84_.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B7.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94"></span>තෙල් සහ ස්වාභාවික වායු</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: තෙල් සහ ස්වාභාවික වායු" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාව ලෝකයේ 15 වැනි විශාලතම ඛනිජ තෙල් නිෂ්පාදකයා වන අතර 6 වැනි විශාලතම අපනයනකරු වන අතර 9 වැනි විශාලතම ඔප්පු කළ සංචිත ඇත. ඛනිජ තෙල් නයිජීරියානු ආර්ථිකයේ සහ දේශපාලනයේ විශාල කාර්යභාරයක් ඉටු කරයි, රජයේ ඉපැයීම්වලින් 80% ක් පමණ වේ. ඔපෙක් විසින් ඇස්තමේන්තු කරන ලද 9 වැනි විශාලතම ස්වාභාවික වායු සංචිත නයිජීරියාව සතුව ඇත; එහි ඝන අඩි ට්‍රිලියන 206.53ක රජයේ වටිනාකම ඩොලර් ට්‍රිලියන 803.4ක් ලෙස තක්සේරු කර ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ස්වාභාවික වායුව නයිජර් ගඟේ ආර්ථික ආශ්චර්යයක් විවෘත කිරීමේ හැකියාවක් ලෙස සැලකේ.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවට සෑම වසරකම ගෑස් ඇවිළෙන අතර එහි ප්‍රධාන තෙල් නිෂ්පාදනය කරන කලාපය වන නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ බොරතෙල් සොරකම් කිරීම හේතුවෙන් දිනකට තෙල් බැරල් 120,000කට වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 2.5,<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අහිමි වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙය මුහුදු කොල්ලකෑම් සහ කලාපය තුළ පාලනය සඳහා ගැටුම් ඇති කිරීමට හේතු වී ඇති අතර, රට සිය ඔපෙක් කෝටාව සපුරාලීම සහ පූර්ණ හැකියාවෙන් ඛනිජ තෙල් අපනයනය කිරීම වළක්වාලමින් නිෂ්පාදනයේ බාධා කිරීම්වලට තුඩු දී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg/220px-Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="639"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg/220px-Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg/330px-Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg/440px-Nigerdelta_NASA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ ගංගාවේ සුරක්ෂිතභාවය </figcaption> </figure> <p>ඛනිජ තෙල් සම්පත් දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවට අනුව නයිජීරියාවේ මුළු තෙල් නිධි 159ක් සහ ළිං 1,481ක් ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_NDES2_182-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_NDES2-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජාතියේ වඩාත්ම ඵලදායී කලාපය වන්නේ නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටාවේ හෝ "දකුණ-දකුණ" කලාපයේ වෙරළබඩ නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටා ද්‍රෝණියේ වන අතර එය තෙල් නිධි 159 න් 78 ක් ආවරණය කරයි. නයිජීරියාවේ බොහෝ තෙල් බිම් කුඩා හා විසිරී ඇති අතර, 1990 වන විට, මෙම කුඩා ක්ෂේත්‍ර සමස්ත නයිජීරියානු නිෂ්පාදනයෙන් 62.1% ක් විය. එකල නයිජීරියාවේ ඛනිජ තෙල්වලින් 37.9%ක් නිෂ්පාදනය කළ විශාලතම ක්ෂේත්‍ර දහසය සමඟ මෙය වෙනස් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_politicaleconomy2_183-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_politicaleconomy2-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 වන තෙක් නයිජීරියාවේ ප්‍රධාන ආනයන භාණ්ඩය වූයේ පෙට්‍රල් වන අතර එය ආනයන පරිමාවෙන් 24%ක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටා නෙම්බේ ක්‍රීක් තෙල් ක්ෂේත්‍රය 1973 දී සොයා ගන්නා ලද අතර එය මධ්‍යම මයෝසීන ඩෙල්ටෙයික් වැලිගල්-ෂේල් වලින් නිපදවනු ලබන්නේ කිලෝමීටර 2 සිට 4 දක්වා (අඩි 7,000 සිට 13,000 දක්වා) ගැඹුරක ඇති ප්‍රතික්‍රියා ව්‍යුහාත්මක ස්ථානයකිනි.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2013 ජූනි මාසයේදී, ෂෙල් සමාගම විසින් නයිජීරියාවේ සිය මෙහෙයුම් පිළිබඳ උපායමාර්ගික සමාලෝචනයක් නිවේදනය කළ අතර, වත්කම් ඉවත් කළ හැකි බවට ඉඟි කළේය. බොහෝ ජාත්‍යන්තර තෙල් සමාගම් දශක ගණනාවක් තිස්සේ එහි ක්‍රියාත්මක වන අතර, 2014 වන විට බොහෝ තෙල් සොරකම් කිරීම ඇතුළු ගැටලු රාශියක් සඳහන් කරමින් ඔවුන්ගේ අවශ්‍යතා බැහැර කිරීමට පියවර ගනිමින් සිටියහ. 2014 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී ෂෙල් පැවසුවේ නයිජීරියානු තෙල් නිධි හතරක් සම්බන්ධයෙන් තම අවශ්‍යතා අවසන් කරන බවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_ShellNigeria2_186-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_ShellNigeria2-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>යුක්රේන යුද්ධයෙන් තර්ජනයට ලක්ව ඇති යුරෝපයට ස්වභාවික ගෑස් සැපයීම, මොරොක්කෝවට හෝ ඇල්ජීරියාවට නල මාර්ග හරහා නයිජීරියානු ස්වභාවික ගෑස් ප්‍රවාහනය කිරීමේ ව්‍යාපෘති තල්ලු කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙසේ වෙතත්, 2022 මැයි වන විට, තවමත් මේ පිළිබඳ ප්‍රතිඵල නොමැත.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="බලශක්ති"><span id=".E0.B6.B6.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.81.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92"></span>බලශක්ති</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: බලශක්ති" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg/220px-ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6716" data-file-height="4347"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg/220px-ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg/330px-ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg/440px-ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_Nigeria_1970_-_1973_-_01_-_083_Kainji_Dam._The_water_flows_from_four_openings.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 1960 ගණන්වල ඉදිකරන ලද නයිජර් ගඟේ කයිනාජි වේල්ල </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ බලශක්ති පරිභෝජනය එහි ජනන ධාරිතාවට වඩා බෙහෙවින් වැඩි ය. මුළු ප්‍රාථමික නිෂ්පාදනයෙන් 73%ක් වන සාම්ප්‍රදායික පොසිල ඉන්ධන වලින් වැඩි ශක්තියක් ලැබේ. ඉතිරිය ජල විදුලියෙන් (27%). නිදහසින් පසු නයිජීරියාව බලශක්තිය සඳහා දේශීය න්‍යෂ්ටික කර්මාන්තයක් සංවර්ධනය කිරීමට උත්සාහ කර ඇත. නයිජීරියාව 2004 දී අහමදු බෙලෝ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ චීන සම්භවයක් ඇති පර්යේෂණ ප්‍රතික්‍රියාකාරකයක් විවෘත කළ අතර න්‍යෂ්ටික බලය යෙදවීමේ ජාතික වැඩසටහනට අනුව 2027 වන විට න්‍යෂ්ටික ධාරිතාව මෙගාවොට් 4,000 දක්වා වැඩි කිරීමට සැලසුම් සකස් කිරීමට ජාත්‍යන්තර පරමාණුක බලශක්ති ඒජන්සියේ සහාය ඉල්ලා ඇත. විදුලිය නිපදවීම. 2007 දී ජනාධිපති උමරු යාර්අඩුවා, එහි වර්ධනය වන බලශක්ති අවශ්‍යතා සපුරාලීම සඳහා න්‍යෂ්ටික බලය වැළඳ ගන්නා ලෙස රටෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටියේය. 2017 දී නයිජීරියාව න්‍යෂ්ටික අවි තහනම් කිරීම පිළිබඳ එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ ගිවිසුමට අත්සන් තැබීය.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී, නයිජීරියාව 2035 වන විට න්‍යෂ්ටික බලාගාර හතරක් සැලසුම් කිරීම, ඉදිකිරීම සහ ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් සහයෝගයෙන් කටයුතු කිරීමට රුසියාවේ රජයට අයත් රොසැටම් සමඟ සාකච්ඡා ආරම්භ කළ අතර, ඉන් පළමුවැන්න 2025 වන විට ක්‍රියාත්මක වනු ඇත. 2015 ජුනි මාසයේදී නයිජීරියාව ඒ සඳහා ස්ථාන දෙකක් තෝරා ගත්තේය. න්‍යෂ්ටික බලාගාර සැලසුම් කිරීම. නයිජීරියානු රජය හෝ රොසැටම් වෙබ් අඩවියේ නිශ්චිත ස්ථාන හෙළි නොකරනු ඇත, නමුත් න්‍යෂ්ටික බලාගාර අක්වා ඉබොම් ප්‍රාන්තයේ සහ කොගි ප්‍රාන්තයේ ස්ථානගත වනු ඇතැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ. මෙම ස්ථානවල පැල දෙකක් බැගින් තැබීමට සැලසුම් කර ඇත. 2017 දී ඉටු න්‍යෂ්ටික බලාගාරය ඉදිකිරීම සඳහා ගිවිසුම් අත්සන් කරන ලදී.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="විදුලිබලය"><span id=".E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B6.E0.B6.BD.E0.B6.BA"></span>විදුලිබලය</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: විදුලිබලය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>සමීක්ෂණයට අනුව නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 94%ක් ජාතික විදුලිබල පද්ධතියට සම්බන්ධ වී ඇත, නමුත් විදුලි මීටරයකින් විදුලි පරිභෝජනය වාර්තා කර ඇත්තේ 57%ක් පමණි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:12_191-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> දවසේ පැය 24ට විදුලිය තිබෙන බව සමීක්ෂණයට ලක් කළ නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 1%ක් පමණක් වාර්තා කර ඇත. NIO ට අනුව 68% කට දිනකට පැය 1 සිට 9 දක්වා විදුලිය ඇත. නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 66%ක් විදුලිය සඳහා මසකට නයිරා 10,000 (ඇ.ඩො. 13) දක්වා ගෙවන අතර එය නයිජීරියාවේ සාමාන්‍ය ආදායමෙන් 3%ක් පමණ වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:12_191-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වූවන්ගෙන් 67% ක් අඛණ්ඩ විදුලිය සැපයීම සඳහා වැඩි මුදලක් ගෙවීමට කැමැත්තෙන් සිටියහ. 21%කට බලශක්ති උත්පාදක යන්ත්‍රයක් ඇත, නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 14%ක් සූර්ය බලශක්තිය භාවිතා කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:12_191-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="නිෂ්පාදන_හා_තාක්ෂණය"><span id=".E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92.E0.B7.82.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.AF.E0.B6.B1_.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F_.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.82.E0.B6.AB.E0.B6.BA"></span>නිෂ්පාදන හා තාක්ෂණය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: නිෂ්පාදන හා තාක්ෂණය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg/220px-Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg/220px-Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg/330px-Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg/440px-Nigeria_EduSat-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාව එඩ්සුවා -1, නයිජීරියාව විසින් චෙඩරල් තාක්ෂණ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය විසින් නයිජීරියාව විසින් ඉදිකරන ලද පළමු චන්ද්‍රිකාව </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ නිෂ්පාදන කර්මාන්තයක් ඇති අතර එයට සම් සහ රෙදිපිළි (කානෝ, අබේකුටා, ඔනිට්ෂා සහ ලාගෝස් හි කේන්ද්‍රගතව), ප්ලාස්ටික් සහ සැකසූ ආහාර ඇතුළත් වේ. බොහෝ කර්මාන්තශාලා ඔගුන් හි පිහිටා ඇති නිසා ඔගුන් නයිජීරියාවේ වත්මන් කාර්මික මධ්‍යස්ථානය ලෙස සලකනු ලබන අතර තවත් සමාගම් එහි ගමන් කරන අතර පසුව ලාගෝස් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රටේ ගිනිකොන දෙසින් පිහිටි අබා නගරය හස්ත කර්මාන්ත සහ පාවහන් සඳහා ප්‍රසිද්ධය, එය "Aba made" ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_Naijalitz_195-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_Naijalitz-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ වසරකට මෝටර් රථ 720,000 වෙළඳපොළක් ඇත, නමුත් මේවායින් 20% කට වඩා අඩු ප්‍රමාණයක් දේශීයව නිෂ්පාදනය කෙරේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:1_196-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:1-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2016 දී නයිජීරියාව සහරා හි දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවට වඩා ප්‍රමුඛ සිමෙන්ති නිෂ්පාදකයා විය.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ධනවත්ම වැසියා වන අලිකෝ ඩන්ගෝටේ ඔහුගේ ධනය සිමෙන්ති නිෂ්පාදනය මෙන්ම කෘෂිකාර්මික භාණ්ඩ මත පදනම් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එහිම තොරතුරු වලට අනුව සීමාසහිත අජඕකුටා වානේ සමාගම වසරකට වානේ ටොන් මිලියන 1.3ක් නිෂ්පාදනය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙය 2021 දී එක්සත් රාජධානියේ වානේ නිෂ්පාදනයෙන් හයෙන් එකකට සමාන වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙසේ වෙතත්, කට්සිනා, ජෝස් සහ ඔසොග්බෝ හි වානේ කම්හල් තවදුරටත් ක්‍රියාකාරී නොවන බව පෙනේ.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2019 ජුනි මාසයේදී නයිජීරියාවේ EduSat-1 ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ සිට යොදවන ලදී. එය නයිජීරියාවේ ඉදිකරන ලද පළමු චන්ද්‍රිකාව වන අතර එය වෙනත් රටවල් විසින් නිපදවන ලද තවත් බොහෝ නයිජීරියානු චන්ද්‍රිකා අනුගමනය කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:3_203-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:3-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 හි, අප්‍රිකාවේ ඖෂධ නිෂ්පාදන ධාරිතාවයෙන් සියයට 60ක් පමණ නයිජීරියාව සතුය,<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> විශාල ඖෂධ සමාගම් ලාගෝස් හි පිහිටා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ වැඩිම සේවක පිරිසක් සිටින ඖෂධ නිෂ්පාදකයා වන්නේ සීමාසහිත Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ Zinox වැනි ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික නිෂ්පාදකයින් කිහිප දෙනෙකු සිටින අතර, ප්‍රථම සන්නාමගත නයිජීරියානු පරිගණකය සහ ටැබ්ලට් පරිගණක වැනි ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික උපකරණ නිෂ්පාදකයින් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 ජනවාරි වන විට, අප්‍රිකාවේ යුනිකෝන් සමාගම් 7න් 5කම සත්කාරකත්වය දරන්නේ නයිජීරියාවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="අන්තර්ජාල_හා_විදුලි_සංදේශ"><span id=".E0.B6.85.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.A2.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BD_.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.92_.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.82.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.9A.E0.B7.81"></span>අන්තර්ජාල හා විදුලි සංදේශ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: අන්තර්ජාල හා විදුලි සංදේශ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg/220px-Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg/220px-Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg/330px-Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg/440px-Wikidata_for_Libraries_and_Librarians_in_Nigeria_69.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියානු පුස්තකාලයාධිපතිවරු විකිදත්ත දත්ත සමුදාය සංස්කරණය කරති </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියානු විදුලි සංදේශ වෙළඳපොල ලෝකයේ වේගයෙන්ම වර්ධනය වන එකකි, ප්‍රධාන නැගී එන වෙළඳපල ක්‍රියාකරුවන් (MTN, 9mobile, Airtel සහ Globacom වැනි) රට තුළ ඔවුන්ගේ විශාලතම සහ වඩාත්ම ලාභදායී මධ්‍යස්ථාන පදනම් කර ගනී.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ICT අංශය විශාල වර්ධනයක් අත්විඳ ඇති අතර, එය 2001 හි 1% ට සාපේක්ෂව 2018 දී ජාතියේ දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයෙන් 10% ක් නියෝජනය කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ලාගෝස් එහි දියුණු තාක්ෂණික පරිසර පද්ධතිය සමඟ අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම තාක්ෂණික මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලෙස සැලකේ.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GSM සංගමය විසින් කරන ලද සමීක්ෂණයකට අනුව, වැඩිහිටි නයිජීරියානු පිරිමින්ගෙන් 92% ක් සහ කාන්තාවන්ගෙන් 88% කට ජංගම දුරකථනයක් හිමි විය.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නීතිවිරෝධී අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනීම්, වෙබ් අඩවි ඉවත් කිරීම, විදේශ ගමන් බලපත්‍ර අත්පත් කර ගැනීම් සහ බැංකු ගිණුම්වලට ප්‍රවේශ වීම සීමා කිරීම ඇතුළු විවිධ ක්‍රියාමාර්ග භාවිතා කරමින් නයිජීරියානු රජය අන්තර්ජාලයේ ප්‍රකාශ කිරීම සහ අන්තර්ජාල නිදහස යටපත් කිරීමට කටයුතු කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් පුරවැසියන්ට දඬුවම් කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="සංචාරක_ව්‍යාපාරය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B6.82.E0.B6.A0.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.9A_.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.BA"></span>සංචාරක ව්‍යාපාරය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සංචාරක ව්‍යාපාරය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%25C3%2592w%25C3%25BA_Waterfalls.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg/220px-%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg/220px-%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg/330px-%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg/440px-%C3%92w%C3%BA_Waterfalls.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියානු උපාධි අපේක්ෂකයින් විසින් නැරඹීමට පැමිණි ඕවූ දිය ඇලි </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ සංචාරක ව්‍යාපාරය බොහෝ දුරට සිදුවීම් මත කේන්ද්‍රගත වේ, රටේ ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් සිටින නිසා, නමුත් වැසි වනාන්තර, සැවානා, දිය ඇලි සහ අනෙකුත් ස්වාභාවික ආකර්ෂණ ස්ථාන ද ඇතුළත් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_suntra2_214-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_suntra2-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අබුජා උද්‍යාන සහ හරිත ප්‍රදේශ කිහිපයක නිවහන වේ. විශාලතම, මිලේනියම් උද්‍යානය, ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පී මැන්ෆ්‍රෙඩි නිකොලෙට්ටි විසින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලද අතර 2003 දෙසැම්බර් මාසයේදී නිල වශයෙන් විවෘත කරන ලදී. ආණ්ඩුකාර රජි බබටුන්ඩේ ෆාෂෝලා පරිපාලනය විසින් අත්පත් කරගත් ප්‍රති-නවීකරණය කිරීමේ ව්‍යාපෘතියෙන් පසුව, ලාගෝස් ක්‍රමයෙන් ප්‍රධාන සංචාරක ගමනාන්තයක් බවට පත්වෙමින් තිබේ. ලාගෝස් මේ වන විට ගෝලීය නගරයක් බවට පත් කිරීමට පියවර ගනිමින් සිටී. 2009 Eyo සැණකෙළිය (ඕගුන් ප්‍රාන්තයේ ඉපේරු රෙමෝ වෙතින් ආරම්භ වන වාර්ෂික උත්සවයක්) ලෝක නගර තත්ත්වයට පියවරක් විය. වර්තමානයේ, ලාගෝස් මූලික වශයෙන් ව්‍යාපාර-අභිමුඛ සහ වේගවත් ප්‍රජාවක් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_METRO2_215-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_METRO2-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ලාගෝස් අප්‍රිකානු සහ කළු සංස්කෘතික අනන්‍යතාවය සඳහා වැදගත් ස්ථානයක් බවට පත්ව ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ලාගෝස්හි අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරයේ වැලි සහිත වෙරළවල් ඇත, එලිගුෂි වෙරළ සහ ඇල්ෆා වෙරළ ද ඇත. ලාගෝස් හි ඉනාග්බේ ග්‍රෑන්ඩ් බීච් රිසෝට් ඇතුළු බොහෝ පෞද්ගලික වෙරළ නිවාඩු නිකේතන සහ තදාසන්න ප්‍රදේශවල තවත් කිහිපයක් ඇත. ලාගෝස් හි තරු තුනේ සිට තරු පහේ හෝටල් දක්වා විවිධ හෝටල් ඇත, Eko Hotels and Suites, Federal Palace Hotel වැනි දේශීය හෝටල් මිශ්‍රණයක් සහ Intercontinental Hotel, Sheraton, and Four Points by Sheraton වැනි බහුජාතික දාමවල හෝටල් ඇත. තෆාවා බලේවා චතුරශ්‍රය, ෆෙස්ටැක් නගරය, නයික් කලාගාරය, නිදහස් උද්‍යානය සහ ක්‍රිස්තුස්ගේ ආසන දෙව්මැදුර අනෙකුත් සිත්ගන්නා ස්ථාන ඇතුළත් වේ.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="යටිතල_පහසුකම්"><span id=".E0.B6.BA.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.BD_.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>යටිතල පහසුකම්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: යටිතල පහසුකම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>නයිජීරියාව බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ මධ්‍යයේ පිහිටීම නිසා ජාතික සේවා අංශයේ ප්‍රවාහනය ප්‍රධාන කාර්යභාරයක් ඉටු කරයි. විශේෂයෙන්ම රාජ්‍යයන් වැඩි කළ රජයේ ප්‍රතිපාදනවලින් තම කොටස වැය කරන බැවින් රජයේ ආයෝජන පුළුල් මාර්ග ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණවල වැඩි වීමක් දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර නව ඉදිකිරීම් ක්‍රමානුකූලව සිදු කර ඇත. මෙම වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම් වල නියෝජිතයා වන්නේ ඔනිට්ෂා අසල දෙවන නයිජර් පාලම වන අතර එය 2022 දී බොහෝ දුරට නිම කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අප්‍රිකාවේ ලොජිස්ටික් මධ්‍යස්ථාන පිළිබඳ 2017 ලෝක බැංකු වාර්තාවක්, කෝට් ඩි අයිවෝර්, සෙනගල් සහ සාඕ ටෝම් වලට පිටුපසින් රට සිව්වන ස්ථානයට පත් කළේය,<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නමුත් 2021 දී නයිජීරියාව, පුද්ගලික අංශයේ කණ්ඩායමක් වන වර්ල්ඩ් ලොජිස්ටික්ස් පාස්පෝට් සමඟ එක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="මාර්ග"><span id=".E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.9C"></span>මාර්ග</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: මාර්ග" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG/220px-Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="832"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG/220px-Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG/330px-Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG/440px-Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg/220px-Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg/220px-Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg/330px-Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg/440px-Aerial-shot-of-makoko-community-in-lagos-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ලාගෝස් කලපුව හරහා තුන්වන මේන්ලන්ඩ් පාලම </figcaption> </figure> <p>ට්‍රාන්ස් අප්‍රිකානු මාර්ග හතරක් නයිජීරියාව හරහා ගමන් කරයි:</p> <ul> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schild_TAH8.svg"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Schild_TAH8.svg/20px-Schild_TAH8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="105"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Schild_TAH8.svg/20px-Schild_TAH8.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Schild_TAH8.svg/30px-Schild_TAH8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Schild_TAH8.svg/40px-Schild_TAH8.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> ලාගෝස්-මොම්බාසා අධිවේගී මාර්ගය</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schild_TAH2.svg"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schild_TAH2.svg/20px-Schild_TAH2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="105"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schild_TAH2.svg/20px-Schild_TAH2.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schild_TAH2.svg/30px-Schild_TAH2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schild_TAH2.svg/40px-Schild_TAH2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> ඇල්ජියර්ස්-ලාගෝස් අධිවේගී මාර්ගය</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schild_TAH7.svg"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Schild_TAH7.svg/20px-Schild_TAH7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="105"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Schild_TAH7.svg/20px-Schild_TAH7.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Schild_TAH7.svg/30px-Schild_TAH7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Schild_TAH7.svg/40px-Schild_TAH7.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> ඩකාර්-ලාගෝස් අධිවේගී මාර්ගය</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schild_TAH5.svg"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Schild_TAH5.svg/20px-Schild_TAH5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="105"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Schild_TAH5.svg/20px-Schild_TAH5.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Schild_TAH5.svg/30px-Schild_TAH5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Schild_TAH5.svg/40px-Schild_TAH5.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> ඩකාර්-න්ඩජමෙනා අධිවේගී මාර්ගය</li> </ul> <p>බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම මාර්ග ජාලය ඇත්තේ නයිජීරියාවයි. එය කිලෝමීටර 200,000 ක් පමණ ආවරණය කරයි, එයින් කිලෝමීටර 60,000 ක් ඇස්ෆල්ට් කර ඇත. නයිජීරියාවේ මාර්ග සහ මහාමාර්ග සියලු මගී සහ භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහනයෙන් 90% ක් හසුරුවයි. එය 2020 දී දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයට නයිරා ට්‍රිලියන 2.4 (ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 6.4) දායක වේ. මාර්ග ජාලයේ කිලෝමීටර් 35,000 ක් ෆෙඩරල් රජයේ අධිකරණ බලයට අයත් වේ. ලාගෝස්-ඉබාදාන්, ලාගෝස්-බඩග්‍රි සහ එනුගු-ඔනිට්ෂා වැනි වැදගත් ආර්ථික මධ්‍යස්ථානවල මෝටර් මාර්ග සම්බන්ධතා ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය කර ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ඉතිරි මාර්ග ජාලය රාජ්‍ය කාරණයක් වන අතර එබැවින් ඔබ සිටින්නේ කුමන ප්‍රාන්තය අනුවද වෙනස් හැඩයකින් යුක්ත වේ. ලාගෝස්, අනම්බ්‍රා සහ රිවර්ස් වැනි ආර්ථික වශයෙන් ශක්තිමත් ප්‍රාන්තවලට විශේෂයෙන් දුර්වල ඇගයීම් ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බොහෝ මාර්ග ඉදිකර ඇත්තේ 1980 ගණන්වල සහ 1990 ගණන්වල මුල් භාගයේදීය. දුර්වල නඩත්තු හා බාල ද්‍රව්‍ය මාර්ගවල තත්ත්වය වඩාත් නරක අතට හැරී ඇත. සංචාරය ඉතා අපහසුයි. විශේෂයෙන්ම වර්ෂා කාලවලදී වලවල් නිසා ද්විතීයික මාර්ග භාවිතය සමහර විට පාහේ කළ නොහැක්කකි.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මාර්ග කොල්ලකරුවන් බොහෝ විට මෙම තත්වයෙන් ප්‍රයෝජන ගන්නේ ඔවුන්ගේ සාපරාධී අරමුණු සඳහාය.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Idu_Station_Platform.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Idu_Station_Platform.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Idu_Station_Platform.jpg/220px-Idu_Station_Platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="672"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Idu_Station_Platform.jpg/220px-Idu_Station_Platform.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Idu_Station_Platform.jpg/330px-Idu_Station_Platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Idu_Station_Platform.jpg/440px-Idu_Station_Platform.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ඉදු දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ අබුජා සැහැල්ලු දුම්රිය </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="දුම්රිය_ප්‍රවාහනය"><span id=".E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA_.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.84.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BA"></span>දුම්රිය ප්‍රවාහනය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: දුම්රිය ප්‍රවාහනය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>කානෝ, කඩුනා, අබුජා, ඉබදාන්, සහ ලාගෝස් යන උතුරු නගර සම්බන්ධ කරමින් ලාගෝස්-කානෝ දුම්රිය වැනි ව්‍යාපෘති නිම කරමින් දුම්රිය විශාල ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණයකට ලක්ව ඇත.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ගුවන්_ගමනාගමනය"><span id=".E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.94.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.9C.E0.B6.B8.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.9C.E0.B6.B8.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BA"></span>ගුවන් ගමනාගමනය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ගුවන් ගමනාගමනය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg/220px-Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg/220px-Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg/330px-Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg/440px-Arik_Air_Hifly_A340-500_CS-TFW_in_LHR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ඇරික් එයාර් A340-500 යානය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියානු ගුවන් සේවා කර්මාන්තය 2019 දී නයිරා බිලියන 198.62 (යුරෝ මිලියන 400) ජනනය කර ඇති අතර එය දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතයට සියයට 0.14 ක දායකත්වයක් නියෝජනය කරයි. එය 2019 දී නයිජීරියානු ආර්ථිකයේ වේගයෙන්ම වර්ධනය වන අංශය විය. මගී ගමනාගමනය 2020 දී 9,358,166 සිට 2021 දී 15,886,955 දක්වා ඉහළ ගියේය, එය සියයට 69 කට වඩා සැලකිය යුතු වර්ධනයකි. ගුවන් යානා චලනයන් 2020 සිට 2021 දක්වා සියයට 46 කින් වැඩි විය. මුළු භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහන පරිමාව 2020 දී ටොන් 191 ක් වූ නමුත් 2021 දී ටොන් 391 දක්වා වැඩි විය.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 දෙසැම්බර් මාසයේදී අනම්බ්රා ජාත්‍යන්තර භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහන ගුවන් තොටුපළ සිය මෙහෙයුම් ආරම්භ කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී මුර්තාලා මුහම්මද් ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපළේ දෙවන පර්යන්තය විවෘත කරන ලදී. එය ගුවන් තොටුපළේ ධාරිතාව වසරකට මගීන් මිලියන 14 දක්වා වැඩි කරනු ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Peace,_5N-BQP,_Boeing_737-33R.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Air_Peace,_5N-BQP,_Boeing_737-33R.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg/220px-Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg/220px-Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg/330px-Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg/440px-Air_Peace%2C_5N-BQP%2C_Boeing_737-33R.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> එයාර් පීස් B737-300 යානය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ගුවන් තොටුපළ 54ක් ඇත; ප්‍රධාන ගුවන් තොටුපල පහත වේ</p> <ul> <li>ලාගෝස් හි මුර්තාලා මුහම්මද් ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපළ,</li> <li>අබුජා හි නන්දි ඇසිකිවේ ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපල,</li> <li>කානෝ හි මල්ලම් අමිනු කානෝ ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපළ,</li> <li>එනුගු හි අකනු ඉබියම් ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපළ සහ</li> <li>පෝර්ට් හාර්කෝර්ට් හි පෝර්ට් හාර්කෝර්ට් ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපළ.</li> </ul> <p>නයිජීරියාව අතීතයේ දී රජය සතු ගුවන් සේවය නයිජීරියා එයාර්වේස් ක්‍රියාත්මක කර ඇති අතර එය 2003 දී අධික ලෙස ණය වී ඇති අතර එය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය වර්ජින් සමූහය විසින් මිලදී ගන්නා ලදී; 2005 ජූනි 28 සිට එය වර්ජින් නයිජීරියා ගුවන් සේවය නමින් පියාසර කර ඇත. 2008 අවසානයේ, වර්ජින් ගෲප් ගුවන් සේවයෙන් ඉවත් වන බව නිවේදනය කළ අතර, එම නිසා 2009 සැප්තැම්බර් මාසයේ සිට එය නයිජීරියානු ඊගල් ගුවන් සේවය ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ. නයිජීරියාවේ විශාලතම ගුවන් සේවය 2012 දී ආරම්භ කරන ලද එයාර් පීස් නම් පුද්ගලික සමාගමකි.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ජනවිකාසය"><span id=".E0.B6.A2.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.BA"></span>ජනවිකාසය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ජනවිකාසය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png"> <noscript> <img alt="" resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png/220px-Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="638"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png/220px-Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png/330px-Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png/440px-Population_density_map_of_Nigerian_states_-_English.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ ජන ඝනත්වය (වර්ග කිලෝමීටරයකට පුද්ගලයින්). </figcaption> </figure> <p>එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සංවිධානය ඇස්තමේන්තු කරන්නේ 2021 දී නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනය 213,401,323<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_228-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN_WPP-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_229-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වන අතර, 51.7% ග්‍රාමීය සහ 48.3% නාගරික ලෙස වර්ග කර ඇති අතර, ජනගහන ඝනත්වය වර්ග කිලෝමීටරයකට 167.5 කි. ජනගහනයෙන් 42.5% පමණ වයස අවුරුදු 14 හෝ ඊට අඩු, 19.6% වයස අවුරුදු 15-24, 30.7% වයස අවුරුදු 25-54, 4.0% වයස අවුරුදු 55-64, සහ 3.1% වයස අවුරුදු 65 හෝ ඊට වැඩි විය. 2017 වසරේ මධ්‍යස්ථ වයස අවුරුදු 18.4 කි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_People_and_Society:_Population22_230-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_People_and_Society:_Population22-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව යනු ලොව හයවන වැඩිම ජනගහනය සහිත රටයි. උපත් අනුපාතය ජනගහනය 1000 කට 35.2 ක් වන අතර මරණ අනුපාතිකය 2017 වන විට ජනගහනය 1000 කට මරණ 9.6 වන අතර මුළු සශ්‍රීකත්ව අනුපාතය උපදින දරුවන්/කාන්තාවන් 5.07කි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_People_and_Society:_Population22_230-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_People_and_Society:_Population22-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනය 1990 සිට 2008 දක්වා මිලියන 57කින් වැඩි වූ අතර එය දශක දෙකකට අඩු කාලයකදී 60%ක වර්ධන වේගයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_IEApop20112_231-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_IEApop20112-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකාවේ<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වඩාත්ම ජනාකීර්ණ රට වන අතර 2017 වන විට මහාද්වීපයේ මුළු ජනගහනයෙන් 17% ක් පමණ වේ; කෙසේ වෙතත්, හරියටම කෙතරම් ජනාකීර්ණද යන්න සමපේක්ෂන විෂයයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_auto12_233-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_auto12-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>මිලියන ගණනක් නයිජීරියානුවන් ආර්ථික දුෂ්කරතා ඇති කාලවලදී, මූලික වශයෙන් යුරෝපයට, උතුරු ඇමරිකාවට සහ ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවට සංක්‍රමණය වී ඇත. මිලියනයකට අධික නයිජීරියානුවන් එක්සත් ජනපදයට සංක්‍රමණය වී ඇති අතර නයිජීරියානු ඇමරිකානු ජනගහනය සමන්විත වන බව ගණන් බලා ඇත. එවැනි ඩයස්පොරික් ප්‍රජාවන් බොහොමයක පුද්ගලයන් උතුරු ඇමරිකාවේ යොරුබා පරම්පරාවේ ජාතික සංගමයක් වන "Egbe Omo Yoruba" සමාජයට සම්බන්ධ වී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ විශාලතම නගරය ලාගෝස් ය. ලාගෝස් 1950<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 300,000 සිට 2017 දී ඇස්තමේන්තුගත මිලියන 13.4 දක්වා වර්ධනය වී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Major_Urban_Areas:_Population_237-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Major_Urban_Areas:_Population-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් 250 කට වඩා ඇත, විවිධ භාෂා සහ සිරිත් විරිත්, පොහොසත් ජනවාර්ගික විවිධත්වයෙන් යුත් රටක් නිර්මාණය කරයි. විශාලතම ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් තුන වන්නේ හවුසා, යොරුබා සහ ඉග්බෝ, ඒවා ජනගහනයෙන් 60% කට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් වන අතර එඩෝ, ඉජාව්, ෆුලේ, කනුරි, උර්හෝබෝ-ඉසෝකෝ, ඉබිබියෝ, එබිරා, නූපේ, ගබාගි, ජුකුන්, ඉගල, ඉඩෝමා, ඔගෝනි සහ ටිව් 35 සහ 40% අතර වේ; අනෙකුත් සුළු ජාතීන් ඉතිරි 5% වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_NGeo_238-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_NGeo-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ මැද තීරය අත්යාප්, රොම්, ගොයිමයි, ඉගල, කොෆියාර්, පියීම් සහ ටිව් ඇතුළු ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම්වල විවිධත්වය සඳහා ප්‍රසිද්ධය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_felix2_239-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_felix2-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය, ඇමරිකානු, ඉන්දියානු, චීන (ඇස්තමේන්තු 50,000),<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සුදු සිම්බාබ්වේ,<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ජපන්, ග්‍රීක, සිරියානු සහ ලෙබනන් සංක්‍රමණිකයන් කුඩා සුළුතර ඇත. සංක්‍රමණිකයන්ට වෙනත් බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු හෝ නැගෙනහිර අප්‍රිකානු ජාතීන් ද ඇතුළත් වේ.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="භාෂා"><span id=".E0.B6.B7.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.82.E0.B7.8F"></span>භාෂා</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: භාෂා" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg/220px-Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="734"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg/220px-Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg/330px-Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg/440px-Nigeria_linguistical_map_1979.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> නයිජීරියාවේ භාෂාමය කණ්ඩායම් සිතියම </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ භාෂා 525ක් කතා කර ඇත; ඉන් අටක් දැන් වඳ වී ගොස් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ සමහර ප්‍රදේශවල ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් එක භාෂාවකට වඩා කතා කරයි. නයිජීරියාවේ නිල භාෂාව වන ඉංග්‍රීසි, 1960 දී අවසන් වූ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිතකරණයේ බලපෑම හේතුවෙන් රටේ සංස්කෘතික හා භාෂාමය එකමුතුවට පහසුකම් සැලසීම සඳහා තෝරා ගන්නා ලදී. අවට රටවල බොහෝ ප්‍රංශ කතා කරන්නන් නයිජීරියාවේ මායිම් ප්‍රදේශවල කතා කරන ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවට බලපෑම් කර ඇත. සහ සමහර නයිජීරියානු පුරවැසියන් අවට රටවල වැඩ කිරීමට තරම් ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව චතුර ලෙස හැසිරී ඇත. නයිජීරියාවේ කතා කරන ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව සමහර දේශීය භාෂා සහ ඉංග්‍රීසි සමඟ මිශ්‍ර විය හැක.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ කතා කරන ප්‍රධාන භාෂා අප්‍රිකාවේ ප්‍රධාන භාෂා පවුල් තුනක් නියෝජනය කරයි: බහුතරයක් නයිජර්-කොංගෝ භාෂා වන ඉග්බෝ, යොරුබා, ඉබිබියෝ, ඉජාව්, ෆුල්ෆුල්ඩේ, ඔගෝනි සහ එඩෝ ය. ඊසානදිග ප්‍රදේශයේ කතා කරන කනුරි, මූලික වශයෙන් බෝර්නෝ සහ යෝබේ ප්‍රාන්තයේ, නිලෝ-සහරන් පවුලේ කොටසක් වන අතර හවුසා යනු අප්‍රිකානු භාෂාවකි. බොහෝ වාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් ඔවුන්ගේ භාෂාවෙන් සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමට කැමැත්තක් දක්වන නමුත්, රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව ලෙස ඉංග්‍රීසි අධ්‍යාපනය, ව්‍යාපාරික ගනුදෙනු සහ නිල අරමුණු සඳහා බහුලව භාවිතා වේ. පළමු භාෂාව ලෙස ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව භාවිතා කරන්නේ රටේ නාගරික ප්‍රභූ පැලැන්තියේ සුළුතරයක් පමණක් වන අතර සමහර ග්‍රාමීය ප්‍රදේශවල එය කිසිසේත් කතා නොකරයි. හවුසා යනු නයිජීරියාවේ කතා කරන ප්‍රධාන භාෂා තුනෙන් වැඩිපුරම කතා කරන භාෂාවයි.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනයෙන් බහුතරයක් ග්‍රාමීය ප්‍රදේශවල වෙසෙන අතර, රටේ ප්‍රධාන සන්නිවේදන භාෂා දේශීය භාෂා ලෙස පවතී. මේවායින් විශාලතම ඒවායින් සමහරක්, විශේෂයෙන් යොරුබා සහ ඉග්බෝ, විවිධ උපභාෂා කිහිපයකින් සම්මත භාෂා ව්‍යුත්පන්න කර ඇති අතර එම ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් විසින් බහුලව කතා කරනු ලැබේ. නයිජීරියානු පිඩ්ජින් ඉංග්‍රීසි, බොහෝ විට සරලව හැඳින්වෙන්නේ "පිඩ්ජින්" හෝ "බ්‍රෝකන්" (බ්‍රෝකන් ඉංග්‍රීසි) ලෙසිනි, උපභාෂාව සහ ස්ලැන්ග් මත විවිධ කලාපීය බලපෑම් ඇති වුවද ජනප්‍රිය භාෂා භාෂාවකි. පිඩ්ජින් ඉංග්‍රීසි හෝ නයිජීරියානු ඉංග්‍රීසි නයිජර් ඩෙල්ටා කලාපය තුළ බහුලව කතා කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ආගම්"><span id=".E0.B6.86.E0.B6.9C.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>ආගම්</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ආගම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාව ආගමික වශයෙන් විවිධ වූ සමාජයක් වන අතර, ඉස්ලාම් (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් උතුරේ) සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් දකුණේ) වඩාත් පුළුල් ලෙස ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආගම් වේ. සාම්ප්‍රදායික අප්‍රිකානු ආගම් සහ අනෙකුත් ආගම් වලට අනුගාමිකයින් ඉතා සුළුතරයක් සමඟ නයිජීරියානුවන් මුස්ලිම් සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ලෙස සමානව බෙදී ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Cia_19_247-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Cia_19-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනයේ ක්‍රිස්තියානි කොටස එරට මුස්ලිම්වරුන්ට සාපේක්ෂව අඩු සාඵල්‍යතා අනුපාතය නිසා පහත වැටෙමින් තිබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඉස්ලාම් සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම ප්‍රමුඛව පවතින අප්‍රිකාවේ අනෙකුත් ප්‍රදේශවල මෙන්ම, සම්ප්‍රදායික අප්‍රිකානු ආගම් සමඟ ආගමික සමමුහුර්තකරණය බහුලව දක්නට ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pew පර්යේෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානය විසින් 2012 දී ආගම සහ පොදු ජීවිතය පිළිබඳ වාර්තාවක් ප්‍රකාශ කළේ 2010 දී නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනයෙන් 49.3% ක් ක්‍රිස්තියානි, 48.8% මුස්ලිම් සහ 1.9% ආදිවාසී සහ වෙනත් ආගම් (උතුරේ බෝරි වැනි) අනුගාමිකයන් වූ බවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Pew_Forum_on_Religion2_250-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Pew_Forum_on_Religion2-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙසේ වෙතත්, 2015 දී Pew පර්යේෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානය විසින් නිකුත් කරන ලද වාර්තාවක, මුස්ලිම් ජනගහනය 50% ක් ලෙස ගණන් බලා ඇති අතර, 2060 වන විට, එම වාර්තාවට අනුව, මුස්ලිම්වරුන් රටේ 60% ක් පමණ වනු ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ආගමික දත්ත ලේඛනාගාරයේ සංගමයේ 2010 සංගණනය වාර්තා කර ඇත්තේ මුළු ජනගහනයෙන් 48.8% ක් ක්‍රිස්තියානුවන් වන අතර එය මුස්ලිම් ජනගහනය 43.4% ට වඩා තරමක් විශාල වන අතර 7.5% වෙනත් ආගම් වල සාමාජිකයන් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_auto2_252-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_auto2-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කෙසේ වෙතත්, මෙම ඇස්තමේන්තු ප්‍රවේශමෙන් ගත යුතු වන්නේ නියැදි දත්ත වැඩි වශයෙන් රැස්කරනු ලබන්නේ ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ක්‍රිස්තියානුවන් වන දකුණේ ප්‍රධාන නාගරික ප්‍රදේශවලින් බැවිනි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Regional_Distribution_of_Christians2_253-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Regional_Distribution_of_Christians2-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CIA විසින් වර්ල්ඩ් ෆැක්ට්බුක් හි 2018 ඇස්තමේන්තුවට අනුව, ජනගහනය 53.5% මුස්ලිම්, 45.9% ක්‍රිස්තියානි (10.6% රෝමානු කතෝලික සහ 35.3% රෙපරමාදු සහ අනෙකුත් ක්‍රිස්තියානි) සහ අනෙකුත් අය ලෙස 0.6% ලෙස ගණන් බලා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>වයඹ නයිජීරියාවේ සහ ඊසානදිග නයිජීරියාවේ (කනුරි, ෆුලානි සහ අනෙකුත් කණ්ඩායම්) ඉස්ලාම් ආධිපත්‍යය දරයි. බටහිරින්, යොරුබා ජනතාව ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් මුස්ලිම් වන අතර, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ආගම්වල අනුගාමිකයින් කිහිප දෙනෙකුට අමතරව සැලකිය යුතු ක්‍රිස්තියානි සුළුතරයක් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රෙපරමාදු සහ දේශීයව වගා කරන ලද ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය බටහිර ප්‍රදේශවල බහුලව භාවිතා වන අතර රෝමානු කතෝලික ධර්මය ගිනිකොනදිග නයිජීරියාවේ වඩාත් කැපී පෙනෙන ක්‍රිස්තියානි ලක්ෂණයකි. රෝමානු කතෝලික සහ රෙපරමාදු ආගම යන දෙකම දකුණේ ඉබිබියෝ, එෆික්, ඉජෝ සහ ඔගෝනි යන රටවල දක්නට ලැබේ. ඉග්බෝස් (නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන්) සහ ඉබිබියෝ (දකුණු) 98% ක් ක්‍රිස්තියානුවන් වන අතර, 2% ක් සම්ප්‍රදායික ආගම් අදහන අය වෙති.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ මැද තීරය නයිජීරියාවේ විශාලතම සුළුතර ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් අඩංගු වන අතර, ඔවුන් බහුතරයක් ක්‍රිස්තියානුවන් සහ සාම්ප්‍රදායික ආගම් වල සාමාජිකයන්, සැලකිය යුතු මුස්ලිම් සුළුතරයක් සිටින බව සොයා ගන්නා ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="ගැටුම්"><span id=".E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>ගැටුම්</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ගැටුම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>2010 මැද භාගයේ සිට බොකෝ හරාම් ඊසානදිග නයිජීරියාව භීතියට පත් කළේය. විදේශ සබඳතා පිළිබඳ කවුන්සිලයේ "නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක ට්‍රැකර්" අනුව ඊළඟ වසර 12 තුළ, මෙම කණ්ඩායම නිසා 41,600 කට අධික පිරිසක් මිය ගියහ (2022 ඔක්තෝබර් වන විට).<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:9_260-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මිලියන ගණනක් ජනයා දකුණට හෝ මයිදුගුරි වැනි විශාල නගරවලට පලා ගියහ.</p> <p>කෙසේ වෙතත්, "ක්‍රිස්තියානින්ට එරෙහිව මුස්ලිම්වරු" යන සූත්‍රය කෙටියෙන් වැටේ.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> කිතුනුවන් කෙරෙහි බොකෝ හරාම්ගේ මිනීමරු සතුරුකම තිබියදීත්, ඔවුන්ගේ වින්දිතයන්ගෙන් වැඩි දෙනෙක් සෑම විටම මුස්ලිම්වරුන් වූ අතර, අවම වශයෙන් නයිජීරියාවේ ඊසාන දෙසින් පිහිටි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් බෝර්නෝ ප්‍රාන්තයේ, රටේ ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් මුස්ලිම් ප්‍රදේශයක කැරැල්ල සිදුවෙමින් පවතින නිසා නොවේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:9_260-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඇදහිල්ල අත්හැරීම පිළිබඳ පුළුල් නිර්වචනයක් මත පදනම්ව, බොකෝ හරාම් විසින් මෙතරම් විශාල මුස්ලිම්වරුන් ඝාතනය කිරීම, 2016 දී කණ්ඩායම බෙදී යාමට එක් හේතුවක් බව විශ්වාස කෙරේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:10_262-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:10-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක ට්‍රැකර් (NST) දත්ත පෙන්නුම් කරන්නේ (මාර්තු 2022 වන විට) පල්ලිවලට බොකෝ හරාම් ප්‍රහාර කාලයත් සමඟ අඩු වී ඇති අතර මුස්ලිම් පල්ලිවලට ප්‍රහාර වැඩි වී ඇති බවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:9_260-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බොකෝ හරාම් අතින් සිදු වූ අඩු ක්‍රිස්තියානි මරණ සංඛ්‍යාව ඔවුන්ගෙන් වැඩි දෙනෙක් පලා ගොස් ඇති බව පිළිබිඹු කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:10_262-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:10-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>බොකෝ හරාම් අවම වශයෙන් 2022 මාර්තු සිට පරිහානියට පත්ව ඇත. එහි සටන්කාමීන්ගෙන් 40,000 ක් 2022 දී යටත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 සිට, බටහිර අප්‍රිකාවේ ඉස්ලාමීය රාජ්‍යය (ISWAP) බොකෝ හරාම් වලට වඩා ප්‍රමුඛ වේ. නිදසුනක් වශයෙන්, 2022 පෙන්තකොස්ත දිනයේදී ඕවෝහි පල්ලියේ ප්‍රහාරය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ISWAP හට වගකීම හිමි වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="සෞඛ්‍ය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B7.9E.E0.B6.9B.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BA"></span>සෞඛ්‍ය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සෞඛ්‍ය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paediatric_ward,_General_hospital,_Ilorin.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Paediatric_ward,_General_hospital,_Ilorin.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg/220px-Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg/220px-Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg/330px-Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg/440px-Paediatric_ward%2C_General_hospital%2C_Ilorin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ළමා වාට්ටුව, මහ රෝහල, ඉලෝරින් </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා සැපයීම එරට රජයේ සහ පුද්ගලික අංශයේ සමගාමී වගකීමකි.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව එහි සෞඛ්‍ය පද්ධතිය ප්‍රතිසංවිධානය කරමින් සිටින්නේ 1987 බමකෝ මුලපිරීමේ සිට, එය ප්‍රජා මූලික ක්‍රම මගින් ජනගහනයට ඖෂධ සහ සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා සඳහා ප්‍රවේශ්‍යතාව වැඩි කිරීමේ ක්‍රම විධිමත් ලෙස ප්‍රවර්ධනය කිරීම, අර්ධ වශයෙන් පරිශීලක ගාස්තු ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමෙනි.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නව උපායමාර්ගය ප්‍රජා පාදක සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ හරහා ප්‍රවේශ්‍යතාව නාටකාකාර ලෙස ඉහළ නංවා ඇති අතර එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස වඩාත් කාර්යක්ෂම හා සාධාරණ සේවා සැපයීමක් සිදු විය. සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂණ දර්ශකවල පසුකාලීන වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම් සහ සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂණ කාර්යක්ෂමතාව සහ පිරිවැය වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම සමඟින් සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂණයේ සියලුම ක්ෂේත්‍ර සඳහා පුළුල් ප්‍රවේශ උපාය මාර්ගයක් ව්‍යාප්ත කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 48% ක් වාර්තා කරන්නේ ඔවුන් හෝ නිවසේ සාමාජිකයෙකු පසුගිය මාස තුන තුළ අසනීප වී ඇති බවයි. මැලේරියාව රෝගීන්ගෙන් 88% ක් සහ ටයිපොයිඩ් උණ 32% ක් තුළ හඳුනාගෙන ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:13_269-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:13-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අධි රුධිර පීඩනය 8% සමඟ තුන්වන ස්ථානයට පත්විය. මැලේරියා රෝග ලක්ෂණ සඳහා නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 41%ක් රෝහලකට ද 22%ක් රසායනඥයින්ගේ සාප්පුවකටද 21%ක් ඔසුසලකටද 11%ක් ඖෂධ පැළෑටිවලින් සුවය ලබා ගැනීමටද යොමු වෙති.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:13_269-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:13-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ HIV/AIDS අනුපාතය බොට්ස්වානා හෝ දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව වැනි අනෙකුත් අප්‍රිකානු රටවලට වඩා බෙහෙවින් අඩුය, ඒවායේ ව්‍යාප්තිය (ප්‍රතිශතය) අනුපාත ද්විත්වය වේ. 2019 වන විට, වයස අවුරුදු 15-49 අතර වැඩිහිටියන් අතර HIV පැතිරීමේ අනුපාතය සියයට 1.5ක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:0_270-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ආයු අපේක්ෂාව සාමාන්‍යයෙන් අවුරුදු 54.7කි,<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:0_270-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> සහ ජනගහනයෙන් 71% සහ 39% පිළිවෙළින් වැඩිදියුණු කළ ජල මූලාශ්‍ර සහ වැඩිදියුණු කළ සනීපාරක්ෂාව සඳහා ප්‍රවේශය ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 වන විට, ළදරු මරණ අනුපාතය සජීවී උපත් 1,000කට මරණ 74.2කි.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2012 දී, නයිජීරියා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය විසින් නව ඇටමිදුළු දායක වැඩසටහනක් දියත් කරන ලද අතර, ලියුකේමියාව, ලිම්ෆෝමා හෝ දෑකැති සෛල රෝග ඇති පුද්ගලයින්ට ජීවිතාරක්ෂක ඇටමිදුළු බද්ධ කිරීම සඳහා ගැළපෙන පරිත්‍යාගශීලියෙකු සොයා ගැනීමට උපකාර වන අතර එමඟින් ඔවුන්ගේ තත්වයන් සුව කරයි. මෙම සැත්කම සාර්ථකව සිදු කළ දෙවන අප්‍රිකානු රට බවට නයිජීරියාව පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_McNeil_273-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_McNeil-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014 ඉබෝලා ව්‍යාප්තියේ දී, බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු කලාපයේ තවත් රටවල් තුනක් විනාශ කරමින් සිටි ඉබෝලා තර්ජනය ඵලදායී ලෙස පාලනය කර ඉවත් කළ පළමු රට නයිජීරියාවයි; නයිජීරියාව විසින් භාවිතා කරන ලද අද්විතීය සම්බන්ධතා සොයාගැනීමේ ක්‍රමය ඉබෝලා තර්ජන සොයාගත් විට එක්සත් ජනපදය වැනි රටවල් විසින් පසුව භාවිතා කරන ලද ඵලදායී ක්‍රමයක් බවට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Matt_Schiavenza_274-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Matt_Schiavenza-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_The_Punch_275-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_The_Punch-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Vanguard_276-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Vanguard-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>දක්ෂ නයිජීරියානු වෛද්‍යවරුන් උතුරු ඇමරිකාවට සහ යුරෝපයට සංක්‍රමණය වීම නිසා නයිජීරියානු සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා පද්ධතිය "මොළ ගලනය" ලෙස හඳුන්වන වෛද්‍යවරුන්ගේ හිඟයකට අඛණ්ඩව මුහුණ දෙයි. 1995 දී, ඇස්තමේන්තු කර ඇති පරිදි නයිජීරියානු වෛද්‍යවරුන් 21,000 ක් එක්සත් ජනපදයේ පමණ සේවය කරමින් සිටි අතර එය නයිජීරියානු රාජ්‍ය සේවයේ සේවය කරන වෛද්‍යවරුන් සංඛ්‍යාවට සමාන වේ. මෙම මිල අධික පුහුණුව ලත් වෘත්තිකයන් රඳවා තබා ගැනීම රජයේ එක් ඉලක්කයක් ලෙස හඳුනාගෙන ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="අධ්‍යාපනය"><span id=".E0.B6.85.E0.B6.B0.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B4.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.BA"></span>අධ්‍යාපනය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: අධ්‍යාපනය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building,_Faculty_of_Science,_Lagos_State_University.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building,_Faculty_of_Science,_Lagos_State_University.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg/220px-Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg/220px-Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg/330px-Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg/440px-Abisogun_Leigh_Science_Building%2C_Faculty_of_Science%2C_Lagos_State_University.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ලාගෝස් ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ විද්‍යා පීඨය සඳහා අබිසෝගුන් ලී විද්‍යා ගොඩනැගිල්ල </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ අධ්‍යාපනය අධ්‍යාපන අමාත්‍යාංශය විසින් අධීක්ෂණය කරනු ලැබේ. ප්‍රාදේශීය මට්ටමින් රාජ්‍ය පාලිත රාජ්‍ය අධ්‍යාපනය සහ රජයේ පාසල් සඳහා ප්‍රතිපත්ති ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ වගකීම පළාත් පාලන ආයතන භාර ගනී. අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමය බාලාංශ, ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය, ද්විතීයික අධ්‍යාපනය සහ තෘතීයික අධ්‍යාපනය ලෙස බෙදා ඇත. 1970 ගණන්වල තෙල් උත්පාතයෙන් පසුව, තෘතීයික අධ්‍යාපනය වැඩිදියුණු කරන ලද අතර එය නයිජීරියාවේ සෑම උප කලාපයකටම ළඟා විය. නයිජීරියානු ජනගහනයෙන් 68%ක් සාක්ෂරතාවයෙන් යුක්ත වන අතර පිරිමින් සඳහා වන අනුපාතය (75.7%) කාන්තාවන්ට (60.6%) වඩා වැඩිය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_CP2006_278-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_CP2006-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාව නොමිලේ, රජයේ සහය ලත් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දෙයි, නමුත් කිසිදු මට්ටමකින් පැමිණීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ, සහ නාමිකයින් සහ ආබාධිතයන් වැනි ඇතැම් කණ්ඩායම්, අඩුවෙන් සේවය කරති. වයස අවුරුදු 5-14 අතර නයිජීරියානු ළමුන් මිලියන 10.5 කට ආසන්න සංඛ්‍යාවක් පාසල් නොයයි. වයස අවුරුදු 6-11 අතර ළමුන්ගෙන් 61%ක් පමණක් ප්‍රාථමික පාසලට නිතිපතා පැමිණේ.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමය සමන්විත වන්නේ ප්‍රාථමික පාසලේ වසර හයකින්, කනිෂ්ඨ ද්විතීයික පාසලේ වසර තුනකින්, ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ ද්විතීයික පාසලේ වසර තුනකින් සහ උපාධියක් දක්වා වසර හතරක්, පහක් හෝ හයක විශ්ව විද්‍යාල අධ්‍යාපනයෙන් සමන්විත වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_CP2006_278-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_CP2006-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> විශ්වවිද්‍යාල අධ්‍යාපනයේ බහුතර පාලනය රජය සතුයි. නයිජීරියාවේ තෘතීයික අධ්‍යාපනය විශ්ව විද්‍යාල (රාජ්‍ය සහ පුද්ගලික), පොලිටෙක්නික්, මොනොටෙක්නික් සහ අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාල වලින් සමන්විත වේ. ෆෙඩරල් හිමිකාරීත්වය 40 ක්, රජය සතු 39 ක් සහ පුද්ගලික හිමිකාරීත්වය 59 ක් සමඟින් රටේ මුළු විශ්ව විද්‍යාල 138 ක් ඇත. නයිජීරියාව 2023 දී ගෝලීය නවෝත්පාදන දර්ශකයේ 109 වැනි ස්ථානයට පත් වූ අතර එය 2021 දී 118 වැනි ස්ථානයට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="අපරාධ"><span id=".E0.B6.85.E0.B6.B4.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B0"></span>අපරාධ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: අපරාධ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigerian_female_police.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nigerian_female_police.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nigerian_female_police.jpg/220px-Nigerian_female_police.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nigerian_female_police.jpg/220px-Nigerian_female_police.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nigerian_female_police.jpg/330px-Nigerian_female_police.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nigerian_female_police.jpg/440px-Nigerian_female_police.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ලාගෝස් හි පැවති ඉයෝ උත්සවයේ නයිජීරියානු පොලිස් නිලධාරියෙක් </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg/220px-Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1136"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg/220px-Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg/330px-Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg/440px-Crime_rate_nigeria_uk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> එක්සත් රාජධානිය සහ තුර්කිය සසඳන විට නයිජීරියානු රාජ්‍යය විසින් වසරකට සහ මිලියන 1ක වැසියන්ට සිදු කරන ඝාතන (මූලාශ්‍රය: නයිජීරියා ආරක්ෂක ට්‍රැකර් 1/2020-6/2023) </figcaption> </figure> <p>දේශපාලන ස්ථාවරත්වය තිබියදීත් නයිජීරියාවේ ආරක්ෂක තත්ත්වය ප්‍රමාණවත් නොවන බව සැලකේ. නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 68% කට තම රට තුළ "ආරක්ෂිත නොවේ" යැයි හැඟේ. 77%ක් හදිසි අවස්ථා සඳහා අනතුරු ඇඟවීමේ අංකයක් ("උපකාරක මාර්ගය") නොදනිති.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:14_282-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියානුවන්, ඉහත සමීක්ෂණයට අනුව, සොරකම් කිරීමට (24%) හෝ පැහැර ගැනීමට (එසේම 24%), සන්නද්ධ කොල්ලකරුවන්ගේ හෝ සුළු සොරකම්වලට ගොදුරු වීමට (දෙකම 8%) හෝ එඬේරුන්-ගොවීන් ගැටුමේදී (එසේම 8%) හානියට පත්වීමට බිය වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:14_282-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මෙය "චාරිත්‍ර ඝාතන" (4%) සහ "බොකෝ හරාම්" (3.5%) අනුගමනය කරයි. ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වන්නන් "වැඩි ආරක්‍ෂක නිලධාරීන් සහ වඩා හොඳ පුහුණුවක්" (37%), "විරැකියාව අඩු කිරීම" (13%) සහ "යාච්ඤා / දිව්‍යමය මැදිහත් වීම" (8%) පොරොන්දු වූ ප්‍රතිප්‍රහාර ලෙස දකී.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:14_282-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ මිනීමැරුම් සංඛ්‍යාව ප්‍රාන්තය අනුව බොහෝ සෙයින් වෙනස් වේ. ලාගෝස්, කානෝ සහ ඉබාදාන් වැනි අගනගර ග්‍රාමීය ප්‍රදේශවලට වඩා ආරක්ෂිත බව පෙනේ. කානෝට එක්සත් රාජධානියට වඩා හොඳ සංඛ්‍යාලේඛන ඇත, වසරකට මිනීමැරුම් 1.5 ක් සහ මිලියන 1 ක ජනගහනයක් ඇත - කලාපයේ ආගමික හා සදාචාරාත්මක පොලිසිය වැසියන්ගේ සදාචාරය නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීම සහ මත්ද්‍රව්‍ය භාවිතා කරන්නන් මර්දනය කිරීම පමණක් නොව, එය පැහැදිලි කළ හැකිය. මිනීමැරුම් සහ මිනීමැරුම් මැඩලීමේ බලපෑමක්.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මිනීමැරුම් පිළිබඳ කණගාටුදායක සංඛ්‍යාලේඛන ඇති මයිදුගුරි සහ කඩුනා වැනි ඉස්ලාමීය අනෙකුත් නගර සමඟ මෙය වෙනස් වේ.</p> <p>ගිනියා බොක්කෙහි යම් මුහුදු කොල්ලකෑමක් ඇති අතර, සියලු වර්ගවල යාත්‍රා වෙත ප්‍රහාර එල්ල කෙරේ. කෙසේ වෙතත්, මෑතකදී සඳහන් කළ යාත්‍රා වල ආරක්‍ෂක විධිවිධාන නිසා මුහුදු කොල්ලකරුවන් ධීවර ගම්මානවලට පහර දීමේ වැඩි සම්භාවිතාවක් පෙන්නුම් කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ජාත්‍යන්තරව, නයිජීරියාව යම් ආකාරයක විශ්වාසනීය උපක්‍රමයක් සමඟ අත්තිකාරම් ගාස්තු වංචාවක් සඳහා කුප්‍රකට ය. වින්දිතයා බැංකු ගිණුම් තොරතුරු හුවමාරු කර ගැනීමට කතා කරනු ලබන්නේ මුදල් ඔවුන් වෙත මාරු කරනු ලැබේ යන පදනම මතය. යථාර්ථයේ දී, මුදල් වෙනුවට පිටතට ගනු ලැබේ. 2003 දී, නයිජීරියානු ආර්ථික සහ මූල්‍ය අපරාධ කොමිසම මෙය සහ අනෙකුත් සංවිධානාත්මක මූල්‍ය අපරාධවලට එරෙහිව සටන් කිරීම සඳහා නිර්මාණය කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EFCC තරමක් සක්‍රීයයි.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="දරිද්‍රතාවය"><span id=".E0.B6.AF.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.80.E0.B6.BA"></span>දරිද්‍රතාවය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: දරිද්‍රතාවය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ජාත්‍යන්තර මූල්‍ය අරමුදලට අනුව, නයිජීරියාවේ ජනගහනයෙන් 32% ක් අන්ත දරිද්‍රතාවයේ (2017 වන විට) ජීවත් වන අතර දිනකට ඇ.ඩො. 2.15 ට වඩා අඩුවෙන් ජීවත් වෙති.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 මාර්තු මාසයේදී ලෝක බැංකුව ප්‍රකාශ කළේ කොවිඩ් කාලපරිච්ඡේදය තුළ දිළිඳු නයිජීරියානුවන් සංඛ්‍යාව මිලියන 5කින් මිලියන 95.1 දක්වා වැඩි වී ඇති බවයි.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ඒ අනුව, නයිජීරියානුවන්ගෙන් 40%ක් ලෝක බැංකුව විසින් හසුරුවන ලද ඇ.ඩො. 1.90 දරිද්‍රතා රේඛාවට පහළින් ජීවත් වෙති.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ජාත්‍යන්තර මූල්‍ය අරමුදල සහ ලෝක බැංකුව විසින් ජාත්‍යන්තරව භාවිතා කරන සීමාවන් ඇමරිකානු ඩොලරයක දේශීය මිලදී ගැනීමේ හැකියාව සැලකිල්ලට නොගනී.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විකිපීඩියා:තහවුරු කිරීමක් අවශ්‍යයි"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (2022 නොවැම්බර්)">තහවුරු කර නොමැත</span></a></i>]</sup> එබැවින් ක්‍රමවේදය මතභේදයකින් තොර නොවේ.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නිදසුනක් වශයෙන්, නයිජීරියාවේ මුඩුක්කු නිසැකව පැවතුනද, නයිජීරියාවේ පිරිමින්ගෙන් 92% ක් සහ කාන්තාවන්ගෙන් 88% කට ජංගම දුරකථනයක් තිබීම<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IMF සහ ලෝක බැංකුව විසින් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලද දරිද්‍රතා ප්‍රතිශත සමඟ එකඟ වීම දුෂ්කර ය.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="මානව_හිමිකම්"><span id=".E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.80_.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.9A.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>මානව හිමිකම්</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: මානව හිමිකම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos,_Nigeria_19.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos,_Nigeria_19.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg/220px-Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg/220px-Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg/330px-Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg/440px-Protesters_at_the_endSARS_protest_in_Lagos%2C_Nigeria_19.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> එන්ඩ් සාර්ස් යනු විමධ්‍යගත සමාජ ව්‍යාපාරයක් වන අතර නයිජීරියාවේ පොලිස් ම්ලේච්ඡත්වයට එරෙහි මහජන විරෝධතා මාලාවකි. </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ මානව හිමිකම් වාර්තාව දුර්වල මට්ටමක පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_StateDeptHumanRights2_295-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_StateDeptHumanRights2-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එක්සත් ජනපද රාජ්‍ය දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවට අනුව,<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_StateDeptHumanRights2_295-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_StateDeptHumanRights2-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> වඩාත්ම වැදගත් මානව හිමිකම් ගැටලු වන්නේ ආරක්ෂක හමුදා විසින් අධික ලෙස බලය යෙදවීම, ආරක්ෂක හමුදා විසින් අපයෝජනයන් සඳහා දණ්ඩමුක්තිය, අත්තනෝමතික අත්අඩංගුවට ගැනීම්, දීර්ඝ නඩු විභාගයකට පෙර රඳවා තබා ගැනීම, අධිකරණ දූෂණය සහ අධිකරණයට විධායක බලපෑමයි. ස්ත්‍රී දූෂණ, වධහිංසා සහ වෙනත් කුරිරු, අමානුෂික හෝ අවමන් සහගත ලෙස සිරකරුවන්, රැඳවියන් සහ සැකකරුවන්ට සැලකීම; දරුණු සහ ජීවිතයට තර්ජනයක් වන බන්ධනාගාර සහ රැඳවුම් මධ්‍යස්ථාන තත්වයන්; ගණිකා වෘත්තිය සහ බලහත්කාර ශ්‍රමය සඳහා මිනිස් ජාවාරම, සමාජ ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය සහ සුපරීක්ෂාකාරී ඝාතන, ළමා ශ්‍රමය, ළමා අපචාර සහ ළමා ලිංගික සූරාකෑම, ගෘහස්ථ ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය, වාර්ගිකත්වය, ප්‍රදේශය සහ ආගම මත පදනම්ව වෙනස් කොට සැලකීම.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාව යනු කාන්තාවන්ට එරෙහි සියලු ආකාරයේ වෙනස්කම් කිරීම් ඉවත් කිරීම පිළිබඳ සම්මුතියේ රාජ්‍ය පාර්ශවයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එය කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම් පිළිබඳ ජාත්‍යන්තර ගිවිසුමක් වන මාපුටෝ ප්‍රොටෝකෝලය සහ අප්‍රිකානු සංගමයේ කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම් රාමුවට ද අත්සන් කර ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ලිංගිකත්වය මත පදනම්ව වෙනස් කොට සැලකීම සැලකිය යුතු මානව හිමිකම් ගැටලුවකි. බලහත්කාරයෙන් විවාහ වීම සාමාන්‍ය දෙයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ ළමා විවාහ බහුලව පවතී;<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ගැහැණු ළමයින්ගෙන් 39% ක් වයස අවුරුදු 15 ට පෙර විවාහ වී ඇත, නමුත් 2008 දී ෆෙඩරල් මට්ටමින් අවුරුදු 18 ට අඩු ගැහැණු ළමයින් විවාහ කිරීම තහනම් කරන විවාහ අයිතිවාසිකම් පනත හඳුන්වා දෙන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> උතුරු නයිජීරියාවේ බහුල වශයෙන් බහු විවාහයක් පවතී.<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ගෘහස්ථ හිංසනය බහුලව දක්නට ලැබේ. කාන්තාවන්ට අඩු ඉඩම් අයිතියක් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මාතෘ මරණ 2015 දී සජීවී උපත් 100,000කට 814ක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015 දී තහනමක් ක්‍රියාත්මක වුවද කාන්තා ලිංගික අවයව ඡේදනය කිරීම සාමාන්‍ය දෙයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අවම වශයෙන් මිලියන භාගයක්වත් යෝනි ෆිස්ටුල රෝගයෙන් පීඩා විඳිති, බොහෝ දුරට වෛද්‍ය ප්‍රතිකාර නොමැතිකම හේතුවෙන්.<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ දේශපාලනික වශයෙන් කාන්තාවන් විශාල අසමානතාවයකට මුහුන දෙයි, ලිංගිකත්වයට යටත් වන අතර සමාජ-සංස්කෘතික, ආර්ථික සහ පීඩාකාරී මාර්ග වලින් ශක්තිමත් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රට පුරා කාන්තාවන් දේශපාලනික වශයෙන් විමුක්තිය ලැබුවේ 1979 දී පමණි.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එහෙත් පුරුෂාධිපත්‍ය ක්‍රමය තහවුරු කරන බොහෝ කාන්තාවන් සඳහා ස්වාමිපුරුෂයන් විසින් ඡන්ද දිගටම නියම කරයි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Ajayi,_Kunle_200723_309-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Ajayi,_Kunle_200723-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> අවිධිමත් අංශයේ බොහෝ කම්කරුවන් කාන්තාවන් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයෙන් නිදහස ලැබූ දා සිට ආණ්ඩුවේ කාන්තා නියෝජනය ඉතා දුර්වලයි. රජයේ සෑම තරාතිරමකම පත්කිරීමේ තනතුරු සඳහා කාන්තාවන් පසෙකට දමා ඇති අතර තවමත් තේරී පත් වූ නිලධාරීන්ගෙන් ඉතා සුළුතරයක් වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Ajayi,_Kunle_200723_309-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Ajayi,_Kunle_200723-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නමුත් වර්තමානයේ මහජනතාවට ලබා ගත හැකි වැඩි අධ්‍යාපනයක් සමඟ, නයිජීරියානු කාන්තාවන් මහජනතාව තුළ වඩාත් ක්‍රියාකාරී භූමිකාවන් කිරීමට පියවර ගනිමින් සිටින අතර, විවිධ මුල පිරීම්වල සහාය ඇතිව, කාන්තාවන් විසින් තවත් ව්‍යාපාර ආරම්භ කරනු ලැබේ.</p> <p>උතුරු ප්‍රාන්ත දොළහක මුස්ලිම්වරුන්ට අදාළ වන ෂරියා දණ්ඩ නීති සංග්‍රහය යටතේ, මත්පැන් පානය, සමලිංගිකත්වය,<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ද්‍රෝහිකම සහ සොරකම වැනි වැරදිවලට අත් පා කැපීම, කස පහර, ගල් ගැසීම් සහ දිගු සිරදඬුවම් ඇතුළු දැඩි දඬුවම් පනවා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_UKtravel2_312-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_UKtravel2-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව ලෝකයේ වඩාත්ම සමලිංගික භීතිකාව ඇති රටවල්වලින් එකක් ලෙස සැලකේ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_pewglobal.org2_313-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_pewglobal.org2-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 සැප්තැම්බර් දක්වා වසර 23 තුළ, නයිජීරියාවේ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල සේවකයින් 17 වතාවක් වැඩ වර්ජනයක නිරත වූ අතර, මුළු මාස 57ක් පුරාවට තිබුනි.<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වශයෙන්, 2022 ගිම්හාන අධ්‍යයන වාරය රට පුරා අවලංගු කරන ලදී.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="සංස්කෘතිය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B6.82.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.98.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA"></span>සංස්කෘතිය</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සංස්කෘතිය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="සාහිත්‍ය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BA"></span>සාහිත්‍ය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සාහිත්‍ය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinua_Achebe,_1966_(cropped).jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Chinua_Achebe,_1966_(cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="881"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Chinua_Achebe%2C_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> චිනුවා අචෙබේ, 2007 බුකර් ත්‍යාගලාභී සහ 2002 ජර්මානු පොත් වෙළඳාමේ සාම සම්මානලාභී </figcaption> </figure> <p>බොහෝ නයිජීරියානු සාහිත්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසියෙන් ලියා ඇත, එයට හේතුව බොහෝ නයිජීරියානුවන් මෙම භාෂාව තේරුම් ගෙන ඇති බැවිනි. කෙසේ වෙතත්, යොරුබා, හවුසා සහ ඉග්බෝ භාෂා වල සාහිත්‍යය (නයිජීරියාවේ වඩාත්ම ජනාකීර්ණ භාෂා කණ්ඩායම් තුන) පවතින අතර, උදාහරණයක් ලෙස හවුසා සම්බන්ධයෙන්, සියවස් ගණනාවක් පැරණි සම්ප්‍රදායක් දෙස ආපසු හැරී බැලිය හැකිය. වොලේ සොයින්කා සමඟ නයිජීරියාවට සාහිත්‍යය සඳහා නොබෙල් ත්‍යාගලාභියෙකු ඉදිරිපත් කළ හැකිය. චිනුවා අචෙබේ 2007 දී කීර්තිමත් බුකර් ත්‍යාගය සහ 1991 දී බෙන් ඔක්රි දිනා ගත්හ. 2002 දී ජර්මානු පොත් වෙළඳාමේ සාම සම්මානය ද අචෙබේ දිනා ඇත. ලෝලා ෂොනීයින් ඇයගේ The Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives (නවකතාව) සඳහා සම්මාන කිහිපයක් දිනාගෙන ඇත.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="සංගීතය"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B6.82.E0.B6.9C.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.AD.E0.B6.BA"></span>සංගීතය</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සංගීතය" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ ජනප්‍රිය සංගීතයේ පැරණිතම ආකාරය වූයේ 1920 ගණන්වල සංගීත භූ දර්ශනයේ ආධිපත්‍යය දැරූ පාම්-වයින් සංගීතයයි. Tunde King යනු ප්‍රභේදයේ ප්‍රමුඛ නාමයක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation_318-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_sunng_319-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1930 ගණන්වල ඔනිට්ෂා ස්වදේශීය වාද්‍ය වෘන්දය බිහි විය. ඔවුන් ස්වදේශීය ගායන ශෛලිය තුල විවිධ සමාජ තේමා සහ ප්‍රවණතා ගවේෂණය කළහ.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation_318-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_sunng_319-1" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1950 සහ 1960 ගණන් වලදී, Highlife සංගීතය ඉග්බෝ හයිලයිෆ් වැනි කලාපීය ප්‍රභේද සමඟ රට තුළ ජනප්‍රිය ප්‍රධාන අංගයක් බවට පත්විය. ප්‍රභේදයේ කැපී පෙනෙන ප්‍රකාශකයින් වූයේ ප්‍රභේදයේ පළමු නයිජීරියානු පිරිමි සංගීත කණ්ඩායම වන ඔරියන්ටල් බ්‍රදර්ස් ඉන්ටර්නැෂනල්, බොබී බෙන්සන්, ඔසිටා ඔසදෙබේ, වික්ටර් ඔලයියා, රෙක්ස් ලෝසන්, ආචාර්ය ශ්‍රීමත් වොරියර් සහ ඔලිවර් ඩි කෝක් ය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation_318-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_sunng_319-2" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1970 දශකය යනු ඇෆ්‍රොබීට් ප්‍රභේදයේ පුරෝගාමියා වූ ෆෙලා කුටිගේ යුගයයි - හයිලයිෆ්, ජෑස් සහ යොරුබා සංගීතයෙන් ඒකාබද්ධ විය. ෆෙලා පසුව සමාජ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය සහ කළු විඥානය දක්වා පරිණාමය විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation_318-3" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_sunng_319-3" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1980 දශකයේදී කිං සනී අඩේ ජුජු සංගීතයෙන් සාර්ථකත්වයක් අත්කර ගත්තේය. යුගයේ ප්‍රමුඛ ගායකයා වන්නේ ෆන්ක් සංගීතය සහ ඩිස්කෝ ඒකාබද්ධ කිරීම සඳහා ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් විලියම් ඔනියබෝර් ය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation_318-4" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>1990 දශකය වන විට රෙගේ සංගීතය සංගීත ක්ෂේත්‍රයට සංක්‍රමණය විය. එම යුගයේ කැපී පෙනෙන රෙගේ කලාකරුවා වූයේ මජෙක් ෆාෂේක් ය. 1990 දශකයේ මැද භාගය වන විට, Remedies, Trybes Men, JJC වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් මගින් හිපොප් සංගීතය ජනප්‍රිය වීමට පටන් ගත්තේය. වසර පුරා, highlife සංගීතය රට තුළ එහි ජනප්‍රියත්වය රඳවා ගත්තේය.</p> <p>ශතවර්ෂයේ ආරම්භයේදී, P-Square, 2face, සහ Dbanj වැනි සුප්‍රසිද්ධ අය 2000 ගණන්වල ඇෆ්‍රොබීට්ස් හි පරිණාමය සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර වේදිකාවේ එය ප්‍රචලිත කිරීම සඳහා දැවැන්ත බලපෑමක් ඇති කළ බවට ගෞරවය හිමි විය.<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>2008 නොවැම්බරයේදී, MTV විසින් මහාද්වීපයේ පළමු අප්‍රිකානු සංගීත සම්මාන ප්‍රසංගය අබුජා හි පැවැත්වූ විට නයිජීරියාවේ සංගීත දර්ශනය (සහ අප්‍රිකාවේ) ජාත්‍යන්තර අවධානයට ලක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> දශකයකට වැඩි කාලයකට පසුව සහ ඇෆ්රෝ බීට්ස් ඩේවිඩෝ, විස්කිඩ් සහ බර්නා බෝයි වැනි කලාකරුවන් සමඟ පුළුල් ලෙස අත්පත් කර ගෙන ඇත.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="සිනමාව"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B1.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.80"></span>සිනමාව</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සිනමාව" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;"> <div style="position: relative; text-align: left;"> <div> <p>ඉහළම ආදායම් ලබන නයිජීරියානු චිත්‍රපට පහ:</p> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Omo_Ghetto:_The_Saga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Omo Ghetto: The Saga (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Omo Ghetto: The Saga</a></i> (₦ මිලියන 636)<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Top_20_films_9th_15th_April_2021_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria_325-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Top_20_films_9th_15th_April_2021_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Wedding_Party_(2016_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Wedding Party (2016 film) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">The Wedding Party</a></i> (₦ මිලියන 452)<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_premiumtimesng.com_326-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_premiumtimesng.com-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Wedding_Party_2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Wedding Party 2 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">The Wedding Party 2</a></i> (₦ මිලියන 433)<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chief_Daddy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chief Daddy (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Chief Daddy</a></i> (₦ මිලියන 387)<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=King_of_Thieves_(2022_film)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="King of Thieves (2022 film) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">King of Thieves</a></i> (2022, ₦ මිලියන 321)<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Top_20_films_24th_26th_June_2022_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria_329-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Top_20_films_24th_26th_June_2022_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> </div> <p>නයිජීරියානු චිත්‍රපට කර්මාන්තය නොලිවුඩ් ("නයිජීරියාව" සහ "හොලිවුඩ්" වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයක්)<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලබන අතර දැන් හොලිවුඩය අභිබවා ගොස් ලොව දෙවන විශාලතම චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදකයා වේ. ඉන්දියාවේ බොලිවුඩයට පමණක් දෙවනි වේ. නයිජීරියානු චිත්‍රපට චිත්‍රාගාර ලාගෝස්, කැනෝ සහ එනුගු හි පිහිටා ඇති අතර මෙම නගරවල දේශීය ආර්ථිකයේ ප්‍රධාන කොටසක් සාදයි. නයිජීරියානු සිනමාව යනු වටිනාකම සහ වසරකට නිෂ්පාදනය වන චිත්‍රපට සංඛ්‍යාව යන දෙකෙන්ම අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම චිත්‍රපට කර්මාන්තයයි. 1960 ගණන්වල සිට නයිජීරියානු චිත්‍රපට නිෂ්පාදනය කර ඇතත්, රටේ චිත්‍රපට කර්මාන්තයට දැරිය හැකි මිලකට ඩිජිටල් රූගත කිරීම් සහ සංස්කරණ තාක්‍ෂණයන්ගේ නැගීම මගින් ආධාර කර ඇත. 2009 ත්‍රාසජනක චිත්‍රපටයක් වන The Figurine නව නයිජීරියානු සිනමා විප්ලවය දෙසට මාධ්‍ය අවධානය යොමු කළේය. මෙම චිත්‍රපටය නයිජීරියාවේ විවේචනාත්මක සහ වාණිජමය වශයෙන් සාර්ථක වූ අතර, එය ජාත්‍යන්තර චිත්‍රපට උළෙලවල ද ප්‍රදර්ශනය විය.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Thorburn,_Jane2_331-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Thorburn,_Jane2-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010 වසරේ චිනීස් අන්යායින් විසින් රචිත Ijé චිත්‍රපටය, The Figurine අභිබවා වැඩිම ආදායමක් උපයාගත් නයිජීරියානු චිත්‍රපටය බවට පත් විය. එය 2014 දී Half of a Yellow Sun (2013) විසින් අභිබවා යන තෙක් වසර හතරක් පුරා පැවති වාර්තාවකි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_The_Economist2_332-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_The_Economist2-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2016 වන විට, මෙම වාර්තාව කමී අඩෙටිබා විසින් The Wedding Party විසින් තබා ඇත.</p> <p>2013 අවසානය වන විට, චිත්‍රපට කර්මාන්තය වාර්තාගත ආදායමක් ₦ ට්‍රිලියන 1.72 (ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 4.1) ලබා ගත් බව වාර්තා වේ. 2014 වන විට, කර්මාන්තයේ වටිනාකම ₦ බිලියන 853.9 (ඇ.ඩො. බිලියන 5.1) වූ අතර, එය එක්සත් ජනපදයට සහ ඉන්දියාවට පිටුපසින් ලෝකයේ තුන්වන වටිනාම චිත්‍රපට කර්මාන්තය බවට පත් කරයි. එය නයිජීරියාවේ ආර්ථිකයට 1.4% පමණ දායක විය; නිෂ්පාදනය කරන ලද ගුණාත්මක චිත්‍රපට සංඛ්‍යාව වැඩිවීම සහ විධිමත් බෙදාහැරීමේ ක්‍රම මෙයට හේතු විය.<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>ටී.බී. නයිජීරියාවෙන් ආරම්භ වූ Joshua's Emmanuel TV අප්‍රිකාව පුරා වැඩිපුරම නරඹන රූපවාහිනී මධ්‍යස්ථානයකි.<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="උත්සව"><span id=".E0.B6.8B.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.80"></span>උත්සව</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: උත්සව" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg/220px-Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg/220px-Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg/330px-Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg/440px-Ofala_Onitsha_13.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> ඔනිට්ෂා ජනතාවගේ ඔෆාලා උත්සවය </figcaption> </figure> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ බොහෝ උත්සව ඇත, සමහරක් මෙම වාර්ගික හා සංස්කෘතික වශයෙන් විවිධ වූ සමාජයේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් පැමිණීමට පෙර කාල පරිච්ඡේදය දක්වා දිව යයි. ප්‍රධාන මුස්ලිම් සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි උත්සව බොහෝ විට සමරනු ලබන්නේ නයිජීරියාවට අනන්‍ය වූ හෝ ප්‍රදේශයක මිනිසුන්ට අනන්‍ය වූ ක්‍රමවලිනි.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_OnlineNigeria2_337-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_OnlineNigeria2-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියානු සංචාරක සංවර්ධන සංස්ථාව සංචාරක ආදායමේ වැදගත් මූලාශ්‍ර බවට පත් විය හැකි සම්ප්‍රදායික උත්සව වැඩිදියුණු කිරීම සඳහා ප්‍රාන්ත සමඟ කටයුතු කර ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Oxford20102_338-0" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Oxford20102-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ආහාර"><span id=".E0.B6.86.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.BB"></span>ආහාර</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ආහාර" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg/220px-Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg/220px-Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg/330px-Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg/440px-Suya_with_pepper_sauce.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> සුයා ගම්මිරිස් සෝස් සමග </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AKARA.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:AKARA.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/AKARA.jpg/220px-AKARA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/AKARA.jpg/220px-AKARA.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/AKARA.jpg/330px-AKARA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/AKARA.jpg/440px-AKARA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> අකාරා </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nkwobi.jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Nkwobi.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nkwobi.jpg/220px-Nkwobi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1008"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nkwobi.jpg/220px-Nkwobi.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nkwobi.jpg/330px-Nkwobi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nkwobi.jpg/440px-Nkwobi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> න්ක්වෝබි </figcaption> </figure> <p>සාමාන්‍යයෙන් බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු ආහාර මෙන් නයිජීරියානු ආහාර එහි පොහොසත්කම සහ විවිධත්වය සඳහා ප්‍රසිද්ධය. විවිධ කුළුබඩු, ඖෂධ පැළෑටි සහ රසකාරක ෆාම් ඔයිල් හෝ රටකජු තෙල් සමඟ එක්ව බොහෝ විට මිරිස් ගම්මිරිස්වලින් ඉතා උණුසුම් ලෙස සාදන ලද ගැඹුරු රසැති සෝස් සහ සුප් සෑදීමට යොදා ගනී. නයිජීරියානු මංගල්‍යයන් වර්ණවත් සහ සුඛෝපභෝගී වන අතර, ඇරෝමැටික වෙළඳපොල සහ පාර අයිනේ බාබකියු මත පිසින ලද හෝ තෙල්වල බැදපු සුලු කෑම බහුල සහ විවිධ වේ. සූයා සාමාන්‍යයෙන් නාගරික ප්‍රදේශවල විශේෂයෙන් රාත්‍රී කාලයේ විකුණනු ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="විලාසිතා"><span id=".E0.B7.80.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.AD.E0.B7.8F"></span>විලාසිතා</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: විලාසිතා" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>නයිජීරියාවේ විලාසිතා කර්මාන්තය රටේ ආර්ථිකයට සැලකිය යුතු දායකත්වයක් සපයයි. සාමාන්‍ය ඇඳුම සාමාන්‍යයෙන් අඳින නමුත් නිල සහ සාම්ප්‍රදායික විලාසිතා ද අවස්ථාවට අනුව අඳිනු ලැබේ. නයිජීරියාව එහි විලාසිතාමය රෙදිපිළි සහ ඇඟලුම් සඳහා පමණක් නොව, ජාත්‍යන්තර පිළිගැනීමක් ලබා ඇති එහි විලාසිතා නිර්මාණකරුවන් සඳහා ද ප්‍රසිද්ධය. Euromonitor ඇස්තමේන්තු කරන්නේ උප-සහරන් විලාසිතා වෙළඳපොලේ වටිනාකම ඩොලර් බිලියන 31ක් වන අතර, මෙම ඩොලර් බිලියන 31න් 15%ක් නයිජීරියාව විසින් දරනු ලැබේ.<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව ප්‍රසිද්ධ වී ඇත්තේ ඔවුන්ගේ සංස්කෘතියට රහසක් වන බොහෝ විලාසිතා රෙදිපිළි සහ ඇඟලුම් සඳහා පමණක් නොවේ. ඔවුන් බොහෝ ශිල්පීය ක්‍රම සහ ව්‍යාපාර දියුණු කර ඇති බොහෝ විලාසිතා නිර්මාණකරුවන් ද ප්‍රතිදානය කළහ.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="ක්‍රීඩා"><span id=".E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8A.E2.80.8D.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.A9.E0.B7.8F"></span>ක්‍රීඩා</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ක්‍රීඩා" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NIG-ARG_(2).jpg"> <noscript> <img resource="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:NIG-ARG_(2).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg/220px-NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="945"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg/220px-NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg/330px-NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg/440px-NIG-ARG_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> 2018 FIFA ලෝක කුසලානයේ නයිජීරියාව </figcaption> </figure> <p>පාපන්දු බොහෝ දුරට නයිජීරියාවේ ජාතික ක්‍රීඩාව ලෙස සලකනු ලබන අතර, එම රටට තමන්ගේම ප්‍රිමියර් ලීග් පාපන්දු ඇත. නයිජීරියාවේ ජාතික පාපන්දු කණ්ඩායම, "සුපර් ඊගල්ස්" ලෙස හැඳින්වේ, අවස්ථා හයක් (1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, 2014, සහ 2018) FIFA ලෝක කුසලානයට ක්‍රීඩා කර ඇත. 1994 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී, සුපර් ඊගල්ස් FIFA ලෝක ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම්වල පස්වන ස්ථානයට පත් වූ අතර එය අප්‍රිකානු කණ්ඩායමක් විසින් ලබා ගත් ඉහළම ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම වේ. ඔවුන් 1980, 1994 සහ 2013 දී අප්‍රිකානු ජාතීන්ගේ කුසලානය දිනා ගත් අතර, U17 සහ U20 FIFA ලෝක කුසලාන දෙකම සත්කාරකත්වය ද ලබා දී ඇත. ඔවුන් 1996 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් උළෙලේ (ඔවුන් ආර්ජන්ටිනාව පරාජය කළ) පාපන්දු සඳහා රන් පදක්කම දිනා ගත් අතර ඔලිම්පික් පාපන්දු ක්‍රීඩාවේ රන් පදක්කම් දිනූ පළමු අප්‍රිකානු පාපන්දු කණ්ඩායම බවට පත්විය.</p> <p>නයිජීරියාව පැසිපන්දු, ක්‍රිකට් සහ ධාවන පථ සහ පිටිය වැනි අනෙකුත් ක්‍රීඩා වලටද සම්බන්ධ වේ.<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාවේ ජාතික පැසිපන්දු කණ්ඩායම එක්සත් ජනපදයේ පිරිමි ජාතික කණ්ඩායම පරාජය කළ පළමු අප්‍රිකානු කණ්ඩායම බවට පත් වූ විට ජාත්‍යන්තරව සිරස්තල බවට පත් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> මුල් වසරවලදී, නයිජීරියාව 2012 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් උළෙලට සුදුසුකම් ලැබුවේ එය ග්‍රීසිය සහ ලිතුවේනියාව වැනි ලෝක කණ්ඩායම් පරාජය කළ බැවිනි.<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> නයිජීරියාව ඇමරිකාව, යුරෝපය සහ ආසියාවේ ලෝකයේ ඉහළම ලීගවල ජාත්‍යන්තරව පිළිගත් පැසිපන්දු ක්‍රීඩකයින් රාශියකට නිවහන වී ඇත. මෙම ක්‍රීඩකයින් අතර බාස්කට්බෝල් හෝල් ඔෆ් ෆේමර් හකීම් ඔලජුවොන් සහ පසුව NBA හි ක්‍රීඩකයින් ඇතුළත් වේ. නයිජීරියානු ප්‍රිමියර් ලීගය අප්‍රිකාවේ විශාලතම සහ වැඩිපුරම නරඹන ලද පැසිපන්දු තරඟ වලින් එකක් බවට පත්ව ඇත. මෙම ක්‍රීඩා Kwese TV හි විකාශය වී ඇති අතර සාමාන්‍ය නරඹන්නන් මිලියනයකට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>XXIII ඔලිම්පික් ශීත ඍතු ක්‍රීඩා උළෙලේ බොබ්ස්ලෙඩ් තරඟය සඳහා ඔවුන්ගේ කාන්තා දෙදෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් කණ්ඩායම සුදුසුකම් ලැබූ විට, නයිජීරියාව අප්‍රිකාවේ සිට ශීත ඍතු ඔලිම්පික් සඳහා පළමු බොබ්ස්ඩ් කණ්ඩායමට සුදුසුකම් ලබා ගනිමින් ඉතිහාසයට එක් විය.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1990 ගණන්වල මුල් භාගයේදී, නයිජීරියාවේ ස්ක්‍රැබල් නිල ක්‍රීඩාවක් බවට පත් කරන ලදී; 2017 අවසානය වන විට, රටේ සමාජ ශාලා 100කට වැඩි ගණනක ක්‍රීඩකයින් 4,000ක් පමණ සිටියහ.<sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018 හි, නයිජීරියානු කර්ලින් සම්මේලනය රටට නව ක්‍රීඩාවක් හඳුන්වා දීම සඳහා ස්ථාපිත කරන ලද්දේ ක්‍රීඩාව ප්‍රාථමික, උසස් පාසල් සහ විශ්ව විද්‍යාල මට්ටමින් පිළිවෙලින් විෂය මාලාවේ කොටසක් බවට පත් කිරීමේ අපේක්ෂාවෙනි. 2019 නෝර්වේ හි පැවති ලෝක මිශ්‍ර යුගල කර්ලිං ශූරතාවලියේදී, නයිජීරියාව ඔවුන්ගේ පළමු ජාත්‍යන්තර තරඟය ප්‍රංශය පරදවා 8-5ක් ලෙස ජයග්‍රහණය කළේය.<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>බීච් වොලිබෝල් ක්‍රීඩාවේ නයිජීරියාවේ කාන්තා සහ පිරිමි ජාතික කණ්ඩායම් 2018-2020 CAVB බීච් වොලිබෝල් මහාද්වීපික කුසලාන තරඟාවලියට තරඟ කළහ.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> රටේ U21 ජාතික කණ්ඩායම් 2019 FIVB බීච් වොලිබෝල් U21 ලෝක ශූරතාවලිය සඳහා සුදුසුකම් ලබා ඇත.<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>නයිජීරියාව යනු ලූෆ්බෝල් ක්‍රීඩාවේ උපන් ස්ථානයයි.<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="සටහන්"><span id=".E0.B7.83.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.84.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A"></span>සටහන්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=52&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: සටහන්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noexcerpt"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-Nigeria.ogg" title="අසන්න"> <noscript> <img alt="අසන්න" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/11px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11" data-file-height="11"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/11px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png" data-alt="අසන්න" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/17px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Speakerlink-new.svg/22px-Speakerlink-new.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span><sup><span style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; padding: 0 .1em;" class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:En-us-Nigeria.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ගොනුව:En-us-Nigeria.ogg">i</a></span></sup></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="උදවු:IPA/English">/</a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">n</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="long 'i' in 'bide'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">aɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="primary stress" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="'j' in 'jam'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">dʒ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="'ear' in 'beard'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ɪər</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="'y' in 'happy'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">i</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:IPA_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:IPA for English"><span title="schwa 'a' in 'Rosa’s'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ə</span></a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="උදවු:IPA/English">/</a></span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling" class="IPA"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:Pronunciation respelling key"><i><small>ny</small>-JEER-<small>ee</small>-ə</i></a></span>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-ha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-ha (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-ha</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r661376">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hausa pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ha-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="උදවු:IPA">[nàː.(d)ʒéː.rí.jàː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5b\/Ha-Najeriya.ogg\/Ha-Najeriya.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;listen&quot;},&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;si&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;Ha-Najeriya.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Ha-Najeriya.ogg/Ha-Najeriya.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Ha-Najeriya.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ගොනුව:Ha-Najeriya.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-ig&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-ig (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-ig</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-yo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-yo (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-yo</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-pcm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-pcm (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-pcm</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pcm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="උදවු:IPA">[ˈnaɪ.dʒə]</a></span>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-ff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-ff (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-ff</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Lang-kcg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Lang-kcg (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Lang-kcg</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nigerian_weather_and_communications_satellites&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nigerian weather and communications satellites (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NigeriaSat-1</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nigerian_weather_and_communications_satellites&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nigerian weather and communications satellites (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NigeriaSat-2</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nigerian_weather_and_communications_satellites&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nigerian weather and communications satellites (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NigeriaSat-X</a>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=NigComSat-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="NigComSat-1 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NigComSat-1</a>, and <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=NigComSat-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="NigComSat-1 (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NigComSat-1</a>R</span></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="යොමු_කිරීම්"><span id=".E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.9C.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.94_.E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BB.E0.B7.93.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>යොමු කිරීම්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=53&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: යොමු කිරීම්" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>සංස්කරණය</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r713704">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlench2014" class="citation book cs1">Blench, Roger (2014). <i>An Atlas Of Nigerian Languages</i>. Oxford: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Atlas+Of+Nigerian+Languages&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Kay+Williamson+Educational+Foundation&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Blench&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name%3Dng">"Languages of Nigeria"</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ethnologue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ethnologue (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Ethnologue</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Languages+of+Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=Ethnologue&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3Dng&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Africa:_Nigeria-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Africa:_Nigeria_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Africa: Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Africa%3A+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria">"Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024&nbsp;ed.). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2022.zip">(Archived 2022 edition)</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.NG-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.NG_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c%3D694,%26s%3DNGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Nigeria)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMF.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Nigeria%29&amp;rft.date=2023-10-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D694%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1092">"Poverty and Inequality Index"</a>. <i>National Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Statistics&amp;rft.atitle=Poverty+and+Inequality+Index&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigerianstat.gov.ng%2Fdownload%2F1092&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HDI_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. 19 March 2024 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319085123/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&amp;rft.date=2024-03-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-24_HDR%2FHDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAkinbode,_Ayomide2019" class="citation web cs1">Akinbode, Ayomide (2 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709192243/https://www.thehistoryville.com/nigeria-left-hand-drive-right-hand-drive/">"Why Nigeria changed from Right-Hand Drive to Left-Hand Drive in 1972"</a>. <i>thehistoryville.com</i>. 9 July 2021 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thehistoryville.com/nigeria-left-hand-drive-right-hand-drive/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>The terms 'right- and left-hand drive' refer to the position of the driver in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms 'right- and left-hand traffic'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thehistoryville.com&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Nigeria+changed+from+Right-Hand+Drive+to+Left-Hand+Drive+in+1972&amp;rft.date=2019-04-02&amp;rft.au=Akinbode%2C+Ayomide&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistoryville.com%2Fnigeria-left-hand-drive-right-hand-drive%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nigeriaembassygermany.org/about-nigeria.htm">"About Nigeria"</a>. <i>nigeriaembassygermany.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=nigeriaembassygermany.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnigeriaembassygermany.org%2Fabout-nigeria.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/History">"Nigeria - Colonialism, Independence, Civil War"</a>. <i>Britannica</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+-+Colonialism%2C+Independence%2C+Civil+War&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNigeria%2FHistory&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAchebe" class="citation book cs1">Achebe, Nwando. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/707092916"><i>The female king of colonial Nigeria&nbsp;: Ahebi Ugbabe</i></a>. Bloomington. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-253-00507-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-253-00507-6"><bdi>978-0-253-00507-6</bdi></a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/707092916">707092916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+female+king+of+colonial+Nigeria+%3A+Ahebi+Ugbabe&amp;rft.place=Bloomington&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F707092916&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-00507-6&amp;rft.aulast=Achebe&amp;rft.aufirst=Nwando&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F707092916&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05/">"Ethnicity in Nigeria"</a>. PBS. 5 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnicity+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=PBS&amp;rft.date=2007-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fupdates%2Fafrica-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG">"Nigeria"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FNG&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFPereltsvaig2011" class="citation web cs1">Pereltsvaig, Asya (16 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.languagesoftheworld.info/geolinguistics/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html">"Linguistic diversity in Africa and Europe – Languages Of The World"</a>. 15 May 2012 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155945/http://www.languagesoftheworld.info/geolinguistics/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html">සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Linguistic+diversity+in+Africa+and+Europe+%E2%80%93+Languages+Of+The+World&amp;rft.date=2011-06-16&amp;rft.aulast=Pereltsvaig&amp;rft.aufirst=Asya&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languagesoftheworld.info%2Fgeolinguistics%2Flinguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923163518/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/summaries/NI-summary.pdf">"Nigeria – CIA World Factbook 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 23 September 2020 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/summaries/NI-summary.pdf">මුල් පිටපත</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria+%E2%80%93+CIA+World+Factbook+2019&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fattachments%2Fsummaries%2FNI-summary.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMann1990" class="citation web cs1">Mann, Charles C. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED397681.pdf">"Choosing an Indigenous Official Language for Nigeria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Choosing+an+Indigenous+Official+Language+for+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.aulast=Mann&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED397681.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm%23Powers_of_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria">"Nigerian Constitution"</a>. <i>Nigeria Law</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nigeria+Law&amp;rft.atitle=Nigerian+Constitution&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigeria-law.org%2FConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm%23Powers_of_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/">"The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2020-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&amp;rft.atitle=The+countries+with+the+10+largest+Christian+populations+and+the+10+largest+Muslim+populations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Fthe-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-USEN-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-USEN_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018101915/https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%2520overview%2520Fact%2520Sheet.pdf">"Nigeria Fact Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Embassy in Nigeria. 18 October 2020 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%2520overview%2520Fact%2520Sheet.pdf">මුල් පිටපත</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria+Fact+Sheet&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Embassy+in+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphotos.state.gov%2Flibraries%2Fnigeria%2F487468%2Fpdfs%2FNigeria%2520overview%2520Fact%2520Sheet.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Nigeria: The African giant". <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Round_Table_(journal)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Round Table (journal) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">The Round Table</a></i>. <b>50</b> (197): 55–63. 1959. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F00358535908452221">10.1080/00358535908452221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+The+African+giant&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=197&amp;rft.pages=55-63&amp;rft.date=1959&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358535908452221&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nti.org/education-center/treaties-and-regimes/non-aligned-movement-nam">"Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - The Nuclear Threat Initiative"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Non-Aligned+Movement+%28NAM%29+-+The+Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Feducation-center%2Ftreaties-and-regimes%2Fnon-aligned-movement-nam&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Arabic name <i>nahr al-anhur</i> is a direct translation of the Tuareg.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term%3DNiger">"<i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i>"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&amp;rft.pub=Etymonline.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DNiger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFKperogi" class="citation web cs1">Kperogi, Farooq A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2019/04/natasha-h-akpotis-wildly-inaccurate.html?m%3D1">"Natasha H. Akpoti's Wildly Inaccurate History of Nigeria"</a>. <i>Notes From Atlanta</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Notes+From+Atlanta&amp;rft.atitle=Natasha+H.+Akpoti%27s+Wildly+Inaccurate+History+of+Nigeria&amp;rft.aulast=Kperogi&amp;rft.aufirst=Farooq+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farooqkperogi.com%2F2019%2F04%2Fnatasha-h-akpotis-wildly-inaccurate.html%3Fm%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Tylecote_1975_see_below-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Tylecote_1975_see_below_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Tylecote_1975_see_below_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tylecote 1975 (see below)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_51–59-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_51%E2%80%9359_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEggert2014" class="citation book cs1">Eggert, Manfred (2014). "Early iron in West and Central Africa". In Breunig, P (ed.). <i>Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context</i>. Frankfurt, Germany: Africa Magna Verlag Press. pp.&nbsp;51–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Early+iron+in+West+and+Central+Africa&amp;rft.btitle=Nok%3A+African+Sculpture+in+Archaeological+Context&amp;rft.place=Frankfurt%2C+Germany&amp;rft.pages=51-59&amp;rft.pub=Africa+Magna+Verlag+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Eggert&amp;rft.aufirst=Manfred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eggert_2014_53–54-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eggert_2014_53%E2%80%9354_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEggert2014" class="citation book cs1">Eggert, Manfred (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBBn1BQAAQBAJ%26q%3DNok%2BBreunig%26pg%3DPA38">"Early iron in West and Central Africa"</a>. In Breunig, P (ed.). <i>Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context</i>. Frankfurt, Germany: Africa Magna Verlag Press. pp.&nbsp;53–54. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9783937248462?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9783937248462"><bdi>9783937248462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Early+iron+in+West+and+Central+Africa&amp;rft.btitle=Nok%3A+African+Sculpture+in+Archaeological+Context&amp;rft.place=Frankfurt%2C+Germany&amp;rft.pages=53-54&amp;rft.pub=Africa+Magna+Verlag+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9783937248462&amp;rft.aulast=Eggert&amp;rft.aufirst=Manfred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBn1BQAAQBAJ%26q%3DNok%2BBreunig%26pg%3DPA38&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Holl-2020#2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Holl-2020#2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFHoll2020" class="citation journal cs1">Holl, Augustin F. C. (June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342656145">"The Origins of African Metallurgies"</a>. <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedias</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 12–13. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Facrefore%252F9780190854584.013.63">10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9780190854584?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9780190854584"><bdi>9780190854584</bdi></a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7869925414">7869925414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedias&amp;rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+African+Metallurgies&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=12-13&amp;rft.date=2020-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7869925414&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190854584.013.63&amp;rft.isbn=9780190854584&amp;rft.aulast=Holl&amp;rft.aufirst=Augustin+F.+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F342656145&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_PB_2014-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_PB_2014_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig &amp; Stefanie Kahlheber, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/kahlheber/">Exploring the Nok Enigma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112232/http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/kahlheber/">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 4 මාර්තු 2016 at the <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Antiquity</i> 82.316, June 2008.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B.E.B. Fagg, "The Nok Culture in Prehistory", <i>Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria</i> 1.4, December 1959.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_archaeology-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_archaeology_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFKleinerMamiya2009" class="citation book cs1">Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DTlVeuxIgjwQC%26q%3DNok%2Bterracotta%2Bearliest"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Non-Western Perspectives</i></a> (13, revised&nbsp;ed.). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cengage Learning (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Cengage Learning</a>. p.&nbsp;194. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-495-57367-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-495-57367-8"><bdi>978-0-495-57367-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages%3A+Non-Western+Perspectives&amp;rft.pages=194&amp;rft.edition=13%2C+revised&amp;rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-495-57367-8&amp;rft.aulast=Kleiner&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred+S.&amp;rft.au=Mamiya%2C+Christin+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTlVeuxIgjwQC%26q%3DNok%2Bterracotta%2Bearliest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_:2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok.htm">"Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.–200 A.D.) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"</a>. Metmuseum.org. 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nok+Terracottas+%28500+B.C.%E2%80%93200+A.D.%29+%26%23124%3B+Thematic+Essay+%26%23124%3B+Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History+%26%23124%3B+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&amp;rft.pub=Metmuseum.org&amp;rft.date=2014-06-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fnok%2Fhd_nok.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Eze-Uzomaka-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Eze-Uzomaka_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEze–Uzomaka" class="citation journal cs1">Eze–Uzomaka, Pamela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.academia.edu/4103707">"Iron and its influence on the prehistoric site of Lejja"</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i>. University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Iron+and+its+influence+on+the+prehistoric+site+of+Lejja&amp;rft.aulast=Eze%E2%80%93Uzomaka&amp;rft.aufirst=Pamela&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4103707&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Juang3-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Juang3_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Juang3_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFJuang2008" class="citation book cs1">Juang, Richard M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DwFrAOqfhuGYC%26pg%3DPA597"><i>Africa and the Americas: culture, politics, and history: a multidisciplinary encyclopedia, Volume 2</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p.&nbsp;597. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-85109-441-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-85109-441-7"><bdi>978-1-85109-441-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+and+the+Americas%3A+culture%2C+politics%2C+and+history%3A+a+multidisciplinary+encyclopedia%2C+Volume+2&amp;rft.pages=597&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85109-441-7&amp;rft.aulast=Juang&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwFrAOqfhuGYC%26pg%3DPA597&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFHrbek1992" class="citation book cs1">Hrbek, Ivan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DqDFcD0BuekQC%26pg%3DPA254"><i>Africa from the seventh to the eleventh Century</i></a>. James Currey Publishers. p.&nbsp;254. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-85255-093-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-85255-093-9"><bdi>978-0-85255-093-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+from+the+seventh+to+the+eleventh+Century&amp;rft.pages=254&amp;rft.pub=James+Currey+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85255-093-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hrbek&amp;rft.aufirst=Ivan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqDFcD0BuekQC%26pg%3DPA254&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFUzukwu1997" class="citation book cs1">Uzukwu, E. Elochukwu (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9hhmzVrYPHAC"><i>Worship as Body Language</i></a>. Liturgical Press. p.&nbsp;93. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-8146-6151-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-8146-6151-2"><bdi>978-0-8146-6151-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Worship+as+Body+Language&amp;rft.pages=93&amp;rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8146-6151-2&amp;rft.aulast=Uzukwu&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+Elochukwu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hhmzVrYPHAC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_Falola13-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Falola13_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Falola13_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFFalolaHeaton2008" class="citation book cs1">Falola, Toyin; Heaton, Matthew M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXygZjbNRap0C%26pg%3DPA23"><i>A History of Nigeria</i></a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p.&nbsp;23. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-521-68157-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-521-68157-5"><bdi>978-0-521-68157-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Nigeria&amp;rft.pages=23&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-68157-5&amp;rft.aulast=Falola&amp;rft.aufirst=Toyin&amp;rft.au=Heaton%2C+Matthew+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXygZjbNRap0C%26pg%3DPA23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFLaitin1986" class="citation book cs1">Laitin, David D. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DdHbrDvGQEbUC%26pg%3DPA111"><i>Hegemony and culture: politics and religious change among the Yoruba</i></a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">University of Chicago Press</a>. p.&nbsp;111. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-226-46790-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-226-46790-0"><bdi>978-0-226-46790-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hegemony+and+culture%3A+politics+and+religious+change+among+the+Yoruba&amp;rft.pages=111&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-226-46790-0&amp;rft.aulast=Laitin&amp;rft.aufirst=David+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdHbrDvGQEbUC%26pg%3DPA111&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldParenShillingtonStacey2000" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Fiona; Paren, Elizabeth; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Shillington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kevin Shillington (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Shillington, Kevin</a>; Stacey, Gillian; Steele, Philip (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Djoh5yHfcF-8C%26pg%3DPA385"><i>Peoples of Africa, Volume 1</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. p.&nbsp;385. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-7614-7158-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-7614-7158-5"><bdi>978-0-7614-7158-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Africa%2C+Volume+1&amp;rft.pages=385&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7158-5&amp;rft.aulast=MacDonald&amp;rft.aufirst=Fiona&amp;rft.au=Paren%2C+Elizabeth&amp;rft.au=Shillington%2C+Kevin&amp;rft.au=Stacey%2C+Gillian&amp;rft.au=Steele%2C+Philip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djoh5yHfcF-8C%26pg%3DPA385&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_diverse-slavery-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_diverse-slavery_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2003" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, April A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DH26pO3vwmHoC%26pg%3DPA54"><i>Nigeria's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp.&nbsp;44–54. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-57607-682-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-57607-682-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-682-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria%27s+Diverse+Peoples%3A+A+Reference+Sourcebook&amp;rft.pages=44-54&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57607-682-8&amp;rft.aulast=Gordon&amp;rft.aufirst=April+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH26pO3vwmHoC%26pg%3DPA54&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_slave-trade-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_slave-trade_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFFalolaGenova2009" class="citation book cs1">Falola, Toyin; Genova, Ann (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000falo"><i>Historical Dictionary of Nigeria</i></a></span>. Scarecrow Press. p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000falo/page/n373">328</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-8108-6316-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-8108-6316-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-6316-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Nigeria&amp;rft.pages=328&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6316-3&amp;rft.aulast=Falola&amp;rft.aufirst=Toyin&amp;rft.au=Genova%2C+Ann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000falo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFFalolaPaddock2012" class="citation book cs1">Falola, Toyin; Paddock, Adam (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DANzFx1O95eAC%26pg%3DPA78"><i>Environment and Economics in Nigeria</i></a>. Routledge. p.&nbsp;78. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-136-66247-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-136-66247-8"><bdi>978-1-136-66247-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Environment+and+Economics+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.pages=78&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-136-66247-8&amp;rft.aulast=Falola&amp;rft.aufirst=Toyin&amp;rft.au=Paddock%2C+Adam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANzFx1O95eAC%26pg%3DPA78&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMetz1991" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Helen_Chapin_Metz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Helen Chapin Metz (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Metz, Helen Chapin</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm">"Nigeria: A Country Study – The Slave Trade"</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Library of Congress Country Studies</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+A+Country+Study+%E2%80%93+The+Slave+Trade&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.aulast=Metz&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen+Chapin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fnigeria%2F7.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shillington, Kevin, <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_African_History&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of African History (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Encyclopedia of African History</a></i>. (U of Michigan Press, 2005) p. 1401.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam, Abba Idris, "Re-inventing Islamic Civilization in the Sudanic Belt: The Role of Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio." <i>Journal of Modern Education Review</i> 4.6 (2014): 457–465. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://tweb.cjcu.edu.tw/journal_abstract/2014_10_02_12_32_45.99.pdf%23page%3D63">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415060148/https://tweb.cjcu.edu.tw/journal_abstract/2014_10_02_12_32_45.99.pdf%23page%3D63">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 15 අප්‍රේල් 2021 at the <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Derek_R._Peterson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Derek R. 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theafricareport.com/182958/aguiyi-ironsi-the-murder-that-birthed-nigerias-northern-hegemony/amp/">"Aguiyi-Ironsi: The murder that birthed Nigeria's northern hegemony"</a>. <i>The Africa Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Africa+Report&amp;rft.atitle=Aguiyi-Ironsi%3A+The+murder+that+birthed+Nigeria%27s+northern+hegemony&amp;rft.date=2022-03-17&amp;rft.aulast=Irede&amp;rft.aufirst=Akin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theafricareport.com%2F182958%2Faguiyi-ironsi-the-murder-that-birthed-nigerias-northern-hegemony%2Famp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falola and Heaton, <i>A History of Nigeria</i> (2008) pp 158–59.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2007" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Senan (30 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6657259.stm">"Reopening Nigeria's civil war wounds"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Reopening+Nigeria%27s+civil+war+wounds&amp;rft.date=2007-05-30&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.aufirst=Senan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F6657259.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFDaly2020" class="citation book cs1">Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020-08-07). <i>A History of the Republic of Biafra</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252F9781108887748">10.1017/9781108887748</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-108-88774-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-108-88774-8"><bdi>978-1-108-88774-8</bdi></a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225266768">225266768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Republic+of+Biafra&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2020-08-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225266768%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108887748&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-108-88774-8&amp;rft.aulast=Daly&amp;rft.aufirst=Samuel+Fury+Childs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_DDRS-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_DDRS_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Background Paper on Nigeria and Biafra, Declassified Documents Reference System</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMetz1991" class="citation web cs1">Metz, Helen Chapin (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm">"Nigeria: A Country Study – Civil War"</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Library of Congress Country Studies</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+A+Country+Study+%E2%80%93+Civil+War&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.aulast=Metz&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen+Chapin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fnigeria%2F23.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081648/https://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php">"<i>The Biafra War and the Age of Pestilence</i>"</a>. Litencyc.com. 20 August 2018 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Biafra+War+and+the+Age+of+Pestilence&amp;rft.pub=Litencyc.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.litencyc.com%2Ftheliterarymagazine%2Fbiafra.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael I. Draper, <i>Shadows: Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDonald, Gordon C., <i>Area Handbook for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo Kinshasa)</i> (1971), p. 263</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stearns, Jason K. <i>Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa</i> (2011), p. 115</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wrong, Michela. <i>In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo</i> (2000), p. 266</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watts, Michael (1987) <i>State, Oil and Agriculture in Nigeria</i>, Institute of International Studies, University of California, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/0-87725-166-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/0-87725-166-5">0-87725-166-5</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201142–43Derfler201181-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201142%E2%80%9343Derfler201181_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, pp.&nbsp;42–43<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFIliffe2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDerfler2011">Derfler 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;81<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFDerfler2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerfler201182-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerfler201182_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDerfler2011">Derfler 2011</a>, පිටු අංකය:&nbsp;82.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201143Derfler201181-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201143Derfler201181_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;43<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFIliffe2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDerfler2011">Derfler 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;81<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFDerfler2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201144-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201144_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, පිටු අංකය:&nbsp;44.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFJoliba2015" class="citation web cs1">Joliba (2015-02-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://joliba-africa.com/2015/02/13/failed-coup-attempt-of-1976/">"Failed Coup Attempt of 1976"</a>. <i>Joliba</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Joliba&amp;rft.atitle=Failed+Coup+Attempt+of+1976&amp;rft.date=2015-02-13&amp;rft.au=Joliba&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoliba-africa.com%2F2015%2F02%2F13%2Ffailed-coup-attempt-of-1976%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, පිටු අංකය:&nbsp;48.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148–49Derfler201185-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201148%E2%80%9349Derfler201185_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, pp.&nbsp;48–49<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFIliffe2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDerfler2011">Derfler 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;85<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFDerfler2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIliffe201150Derfler201185-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIliffe201150Derfler201185_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFIliffe2011">Iliffe 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;50<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFIliffe2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDerfler2011">Derfler 2011</a>, p.&nbsp;85<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFDerfler2011 (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">African Concord (1990). The New Helmsmen. Concord Press, Ikeja, Lagos. 13 August 1990</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Williams, <i>President and power in Nigeria: The life of Shehu Shagari</i> (Routledge, 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nigeria, Military Faces Daunting Challenges", AP Press International, 3<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;</span>March 1984. Retrieved 22 February 2007.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSiollun2018">Siollun, Max (2018-10-25), Levan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick, eds., "Civil Military Affairs and Military Culture in Post-Transition Nigeria", <i>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics</i> (Oxford University Press): pp.&nbsp;272–287, <div class="noprint"> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Foxfordhb%252F9780198804307.013.13">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804307.013.13</a> </div>, <div class="noprint"> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-19-880430-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-19-880430-7">978-0-19-880430-7</a> </div></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Civil+Military+Affairs+and+Military+Culture+in+Post-Transition+Nigeria&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Nigerian+Politics&amp;rft.aulast=Siollun&amp;rft.aufirst=Max&amp;rft.au=Siollun%2C%26%2332%3BMax&amp;rft.date=2018-10-25&amp;rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B272%E2%80%93287&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780198804307.013.13&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-880430-7&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilski, Andrew, "Broken Promises", <i>Maclean</i>, 6 September 1993.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diamond, Larry; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kirk-Greene,_Anthony&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kirk-Greene, Anthony (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Kirk-Greene, Anthony</a>; <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oyeleye_Oyediran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oyeleye Oyediran (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Oyeleye Oyediran</a> (1997) <i>Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society Under Babangida</i>, Vantage Publishers, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-2458-54-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-2458-54-6">978-2458-54-6</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://wiwavshell.org/">"Wiwa et al v. Royal Dutch Petroleum et al"</a>. <i>Center for Constitutional Rights</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Center+for+Constitutional+Rights&amp;rft.atitle=Wiwa+et+al+v.+Royal+Dutch+Petroleum+et+al.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiwavshell.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Nigerian Lawyer: Abacha accounts apparently in Switzerland, Luxembourg, France, and Germany", AP press, 10 January 2000.</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/2391/Abdusalam-Abubakar">"Abdusalam Abubakar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504215600/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/2391/Abdusalam-Abubakar">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 4 මැයි 2015 at the <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, accessed 26 October 2012.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falola and Heaton, <i>A History of Nigeria</i> (2008) pp. 211–34.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216032839/http://www.eueom-ng.org/Files/final_report.pdf">"Final Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. EU Election Observation Mission Nigeria 2007. 16 February 2008 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eueom-ng.org/Files/final_report.pdf">මුල් පිටපත</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Final+Report&amp;rft.pub=EU+Election+Observation+Mission+Nigeria+2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eueom-ng.org%2FFiles%2Ffinal_report.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/24352/nass-confirm-sambo-as-vice-president.html">"NASS confirms Sambo as vice president"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Nigerian_Voice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Nigerian Voice (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">The Nigerian Voice</a></i>. 18 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Nigerian+Voice&amp;rft.atitle=NASS+confirms+Sambo+as+vice+president&amp;rft.date=2010-05-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenigerianvoice.com%2Fmovie%2F24352%2Fnass-confirm-sambo-as-vice-president.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAkinlade2010" class="citation web cs1">Akinlade, Muruf (18 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427025349/http://www.myondostate.com/myondostate/newssend.php?id%3D203">"National Assembly confirms Sambo as Vice President"</a>. MyOndoState.Com. 27 April 2011 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.myondostate.com/myondostate/newssend.php?id%3D203">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National+Assembly+confirms+Sambo+as+Vice+President&amp;rft.pub=MyOndoState.Com&amp;rft.date=2010-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Akinlade&amp;rft.aufirst=Muruf&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myondostate.com%2Fmyondostate%2Fnewssend.php%3Fid%3D203&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ඉතිහාසය_New_York2-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_New_York2_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFNossiter2011" class="citation news cs1">Nossiter, Adam (16 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/world/africa/17nigeria.html?pagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1%26hp">"Nigerians Vote in Presidential Election"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Nigerians+Vote+in+Presidential+Election&amp;rft.date=2011-04-16&amp;rft.aulast=Nossiter&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F17%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F17nigeria.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1%26hp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Times, Premium (2014-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/173732-nigerian-economy-among-worlds-largest-jonathan.html">"Nigerian economy among world's largest - Jonathan"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Nigerian+economy+among+world%27s+largest+-+Jonathan&amp;rft.date=2014-12-23&amp;rft.aulast=Times&amp;rft.aufirst=Premium&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-news%2F173732-nigerian-economy-among-worlds-largest-jonathan.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFeribake2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">eribake, akintayo (2014-12-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/nigerias-economy-among-largest-world-jonathan/">"Nigeria's economy among largest in the world — Jonathan"</a>. <i>Vanguard News</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanguard+News&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+economy+among+largest+in+the+world+%E2%80%94+Jonathan&amp;rft.date=2014-12-24&amp;rft.aulast=eribake&amp;rft.aufirst=akintayo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2014%2F12%2Fnigerias-economy-among-largest-world-jonathan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFUdo2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Udo, Bassey (2015-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/182926-missing-20-bn-sanusi-faults-alison-madueke-says-audit-report-proves-at-least-18-5bn-lost.html">"Missing $20 bn: Sanusi faults Alison-Madueke, says audit report proves at least $18.5bn lost"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Missing+%2420+bn%3A+Sanusi+faults+Alison-Madueke%2C+says+audit+report+proves+at+least+%2418.5bn+lost&amp;rft.date=2015-05-14&amp;rft.aulast=Udo&amp;rft.aufirst=Bassey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2F182926-missing-20-bn-sanusi-faults-alison-madueke-says-audit-report-proves-at-least-18-5bn-lost.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32139858">"Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+election%3A+Muhammadu+Buhari+wins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-32139858&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/obama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat/">"Obama praises Nigeria's president for conceding defeat"</a>. Vanguard. 1 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Obama+praises+Nigeria%27s+president+for+conceding+defeat&amp;rft.pub=Vanguard&amp;rft.date=2015-04-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fobama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/apc-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat/">"APC praises Jonathan for conceding defeat"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Nation&amp;rft.atitle=APC+praises+Jonathan+for+conceding+defeat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthenationonlineng.net%2Fnew%2Fapc-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.channelstv.com/2015/03/31/anyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat/">"Anyaoku Praises Jonathan For Conceding Defeat"</a>. Channels Television. 31 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Anyaoku+Praises+Jonathan+For+Conceding+Defeat&amp;rft.pub=Channels+Television&amp;rft.date=2015-03-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelstv.com%2F2015%2F03%2F31%2Fanyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2019" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (2019-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.africanews.com/2019/02/27/buhari-beats-atiku-to-secure-re-election-as-nigeria-president/">"Buhari beats Atiku to secure re-election as Nigeria president"</a>. <i>Africanews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2020-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Africanews&amp;rft.atitle=Buhari+beats+Atiku+to+secure+re-election+as+Nigeria+president&amp;rft.date=2019-02-27&amp;rft.au=AfricaNews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fbuhari-beats-atiku-to-secure-re-election-as-nigeria-president%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFLasisi2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lasisi, Olukayode Joshua (2022-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/peter-obi-leads-in-new-poll-google-search-interest/">"Peter Obi leads in new poll, Google search interest"</a>. <i>Businessday NG</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Businessday+NG&amp;rft.atitle=Peter+Obi+leads+in+new+poll%2C+Google+search+interest&amp;rft.date=2022-09-29&amp;rft.aulast=Lasisi&amp;rft.aufirst=Olukayode+Joshua&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessday.ng%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2Fpeter-obi-leads-in-new-poll-google-search-interest%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOlurounbi" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olurounbi, Eromo Egbejule,Ruth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/2/1/kwankwaso-went-from-unpopular-governor-to-nigerian-presidential-wildcard">"How Rabiu Kwankwaso became wildcard in Nigerian presidential race"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=How+Rabiu+Kwankwaso+became+wildcard+in+Nigerian+presidential+race&amp;rft.aulast=Olurounbi&amp;rft.aufirst=Eromo+Egbejule%2CRuth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2023%2F2%2F1%2Fkwankwaso-went-from-unpopular-governor-to-nigerian-presidential-wildcard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="සැකිල්ල:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ප්‍රවර්ගය:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/28/nigeria-presidential-election-results-2023">"Nigeria presidential election results 2023 by the numbers"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+presidential+election+results+2023+by+the+numbers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F2%2F28%2Fnigeria-presidential-election-results-2023&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/18/nigeria-local-elections-open-in-shadow-of-contested-vote">"Nigeria local elections open in shadow of contested national vote"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+local+elections+open+in+shadow+of+contested+national+vote&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F18%2Fnigeria-local-elections-open-in-shadow-of-contested-vote&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/29/tinubu-sworn-in-as-nigerias-president-succeeds-buhari">"Bola Tinubu sworn in as Nigeria's president, succeeds Buhari"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Bola+Tinubu+sworn+in+as+Nigeria%27s+president%2C+succeeds+Buhari&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F5%2F29%2Ftinubu-sworn-in-as-nigerias-president-succeeds-buhari&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEmmanuel_Akinwotu2024" class="citation news cs1">Emmanuel Akinwotu (January 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://devone.com.ng/2024/01/shocking-kidnapping-and-murder-of-six-sisters-grips-nigeria.html">"A kidnapping of six sisters and a murder has gripped Nigeria"</a>. <i>DevOne Africa</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=NPR&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="NPR (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">NPR</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=DevOne+Africa&amp;rft.atitle=A+kidnapping+of+six+sisters+and+a+murder+has+gripped+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2024-01-16&amp;rft.au=Emmanuel+Akinwotu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevone.com.ng%2F2024%2F01%2Fshocking-kidnapping-and-murder-of-six-sisters-grips-nigeria.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">"Rank Order – Area"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 9 February 2014 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Rank+Order+%E2%80%93+Area&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2147rank.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Africa&nbsp;:: Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 17 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Africa+%3A%3A+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2011-05-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span> *Note that coastlines, and borders based on rivers or natural features, are fractals, the length of which is imprecise and depends on the measurement convention adopted.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_encarta22-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_encarta22_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_encarta22_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557915/Nigeria.html">"Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Encarta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Encarta (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Encarta</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557915/Nigeria.html">http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557915/Nigeria.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 19 July 2007</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=%5B%5BEncarta%5D%5D&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BMicrosoft%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761557915%2FNigeria.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai52-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai52_105-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414075757/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard5.html">"Regions Used to Interpret the Complexity of Nigeria"</a>. <i>Geographical Alliance of Iowa</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Northern_Iowa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Northern Iowa (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">University of Northern Iowa</a>. 14 April 2009 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard5.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Geographical+Alliance+of+Iowa&amp;rft.atitle=Regions+Used+to+Interpret+the+Complexity+of+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni.edu%2Fgai%2FNigeria%2FBackground%2FStandard5.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_භූගෝලය_gai42-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai42_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA_gai42_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328172528/http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html">"The Human and Physical Characteristics of Nigeria"</a>. <i>Geographical Alliance of Iowa</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Northern_Iowa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Northern Iowa (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">University of Northern Iowa</a>. 28 March 2010 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.uni.edu/gai/Nigeria/Background/Standard4.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Geographical+Alliance+of+Iowa&amp;rft.atitle=The+Human+and+Physical+Characteristics+of+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni.edu%2Fgai%2FNigeria%2FBackground%2FStandard4.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGbolagade2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gbolagade, Lameed (2011). 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class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002082125/http://cbnp.nigeriaparkservice.org/sectors.php">"Chad Basin National Park"</a>. 2013-10-02. 2013-10-02 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://cbnp.nigeriaparkservice.org/sectors.php">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chad+Basin+National+Park&amp;rft.date=2013-10-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbnp.nigeriaparkservice.org%2Fsectors.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=unpo.org&amp;rft.atitle=UNPO%3A+Ogoni%3A+An+Ecocide+in+the+Making%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funpo.org%2Farticle%2F19131&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/aug/22/ecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster">"How an ecocide law could prevent another Nigerian oil disaster"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2011-08-22. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=How+an+ecocide+law+could+prevent+another+Nigerian+oil+disaster&amp;rft.date=2011-08-22&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2011%2Faug%2F22%2Fecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://news.mongabay.com/2023/06/spotlighting-oil-majors-ecocide-of-niger-delta-qa-with-michael-j-watts/">"Spotlighting oil majors' 'ecocide' of Niger Delta: Q&amp;A with Michael J. Watts"</a>. <i>Mongabay Environmental News</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2023-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mongabay+Environmental+News&amp;rft.atitle=Spotlighting+oil+majors%27+%27ecocide%27+of+Niger+Delta%3A+Q%26A+with+Michael+J.+Watts&amp;rft.date=2023-06-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mongabay.com%2F2023%2F06%2Fspotlighting-oil-majors-ecocide-of-niger-delta-qa-with-michael-j-watts%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61216157">"Nigeria's illegal oil refineries: Dirty, dangerous, lucrative"</a> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). BBC News. 2022-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+illegal+oil+refineries%3A+Dirty%2C+dangerous%2C+lucrative&amp;rft.date=2022-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-61216157&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOkerekeEmodiDiemuodeke2022" class="citation web cs1">Okereke, Chukwumerije; Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent; Diemuodeke, Ogheneruona E. (9 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://theconversation.com/three-things-that-can-go-wrong-at-an-illegal-oil-refinery-in-nigeria-182459">"Three things that can go wrong at an illegal oil refinery in Nigeria"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&amp;rft.atitle=Three+things+that+can+go+wrong+at+an+illegal+oil+refinery+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2022-05-09&amp;rft.aulast=Okereke&amp;rft.aufirst=Chukwumerije&amp;rft.au=Emodi%2C+Nnaemeka+Vincent&amp;rft.au=Diemuodeke%2C+Ogheneruona+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fthree-things-that-can-go-wrong-at-an-illegal-oil-refinery-in-nigeria-182459&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOnukwue2022" class="citation web cs1">Onukwue, Alexander (2022-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qz.com/africa/2158492/nigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people/">"Nigeria's illegal oil refineries keep killing people"</a>. <i>Quartz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Quartz&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+illegal+oil+refineries+keep+killing+people&amp;rft.date=2022-04-25&amp;rft.aulast=Onukwue&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fafrica%2F2158492%2Fnigerias-illegal-oil-refineries-keep-killing-people%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Mwalimu. <i>The Nigerian Legal System: Public Law</i>. Peter Lang. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQWrGlYsCwPIC%26pg%3DPA6">p. 6</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_factbook3-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_factbook3_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_factbook3_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (United States). 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2022-02-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thecable.ng/patrick-obahiagbon-labour-party-wont-get-25-of-votes-in-24-states">"Patrick Obahiagbon: Labour Party won't get 25% of votes in 24 states"</a>. <i>TheCable</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2022-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TheCable&amp;rft.atitle=Patrick+Obahiagbon%3A+Labour+Party+won%27t+get+25%25+of+votes+in+24+states&amp;rft.date=2022-09-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecable.ng%2Fpatrick-obahiagbon-labour-party-wont-get-25-of-votes-in-24-states&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/constitution-amendment-what-the-people-want/">"Constitution amendment: What the people want"</a>. 4 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+amendment%3A+What+the+people+want&amp;rft.date=2012-11-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fconstitution-amendment-what-the-people-want%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511123924/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D106778%253Aconstitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-%26catid%3D203%253Ayouth-speak%26Itemid%3D730">"Constitutional review: Nigeria needs broader representation"</a>. 6 December 2012. 11 May 2013 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D106778:constitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-%26catid%3D203:youth-speak%26Itemid%3D730">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Constitutional+review%3A+Nigeria+needs+broader+representation&amp;rft.date=2012-12-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngrguardiannews.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D106778%3Aconstitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-%26catid%3D203%3Ayouth-speak%26Itemid%3D730&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_felix2-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_felix2_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOnuah2006" class="citation news cs1">Onuah, Felix (29 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126015018/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29819278.htm">"Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details"</a>. Reuters. 26 January 2009 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29819278.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+gives+census+result%2C+avoids+risky+details&amp;rft.date=2006-12-29&amp;rft.aulast=Onuah&amp;rft.aufirst=Felix&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FL29819278.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/cities/agglos/">"Nigeria: States &amp; Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+States+%26+Agglomerations+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fnigeria%2Fcities%2Fagglos%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSiliquini-CinelliHutchison2017" class="citation book cs1">Siliquini-Cinelli, Luca; Hutchison, Andrew (2017-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dl9ifDgAAQBAJ%26q%3DEnglish%2Blaw%2Bin%2BNigeria%2Bis%2Bderived%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bcolonial%2BNigeria%252C%2Bwhile%2Bcommon%2Blaw%2Bis%2Ba%2Bdevelopment%2Bfrom%2Bits%2Bpost%2Bcolonial%2Bindependence.%26pg%3DPA173"><i>The Constitutional Dimension of Contract Law: A Comparative Perspective</i></a>. Springer. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-3-319-49843-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-3-319-49843-0"><bdi>978-3-319-49843-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Constitutional+Dimension+of+Contract+Law%3A+A+Comparative+Perspective&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=2017-04-06&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-319-49843-0&amp;rft.aulast=Siliquini-Cinelli&amp;rft.aufirst=Luca&amp;rft.au=Hutchison%2C+Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl9ifDgAAQBAJ%26q%3DEnglish%2Blaw%2Bin%2BNigeria%2Bis%2Bderived%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bcolonial%2BNigeria%252C%2Bwhile%2Bcommon%2Blaw%2Bis%2Ba%2Bdevelopment%2Bfrom%2Bits%2Bpost%2Bcolonial%2Bindependence.%26pg%3DPA173&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFProjectSolutionz2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ProjectSolutionz (2021-06-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://projectsolutionz.com.ng/law-and-the-political-structure-in-nigeria/">"Law and the political structure in Nigeria"</a>. <i>ProjectSolutionz</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ProjectSolutionz&amp;rft.atitle=Law+and+the+political+structure+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2021-06-22&amp;rft.au=ProjectSolutionz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojectsolutionz.com.ng%2Flaw-and-the-political-structure-in-nigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Africa&nbsp;:: Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (United States). 12 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Africa+%3A%3A+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2022-09-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, Andrew (20 July 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://allafrica.com/stories/200607200078.html">"Collins Edomaruse, how Obasanjo cut UK, US to size"</a>, <i>This Day</i> (Nigeria).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burkett, Elinor (2009) <i>Golda</i>, HarperCollins, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/0-06-187395-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/0-06-187395-0">0-06-187395-0</a>, p. 202.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518172006/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/November/SummitASA/summit.htm">"ASAS – Africa-South America Summit"</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=African_Union&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="African Union (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">African Union</a>. 30 November 2006. 18 May 2011 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/Past/2006/November/SummitASA/summit.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ASAS+%E2%80%93+Africa-South+America+Summit&amp;rft.pub=African+Union&amp;rft.date=2006-11-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2Fau%2FConferences%2FPast%2F2006%2FNovember%2FSummitASA%2Fsummit.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy,_Shaw1984" class="citation journal cs1">Timothy, Shaw (1984). "The State of Nigeria: Oil Prices Power Bases and Foreign Policy". <i>Canadian Journal of African Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 393–405. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F484337">10.2307/484337</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/484337">484337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+African+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+State+of+Nigeria%3A+Oil+Prices+Power+Bases+and+Foreign+Policy&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=393-405&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F484337&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F484337%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.au=Timothy%2C+Shaw&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;751. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-19-880430-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-19-880430-7">978-0-19-880430-7</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;756. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-19-880430-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-19-880430-7">978-0-19-880430-7</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;754. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-19-880430-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-19-880430-7">978-0-19-880430-7</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;754–755. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-19-880430-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-19-880430-7">978-0-19-880430-7</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Elliot (2020-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/29/west-africas-new-currency-could-now-be-delayed-by-five-years.html">"West Africa's new currency could now be delayed by five years"</a>. CNBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2020-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=West+Africa%27s+new+currency+could+now+be+delayed+by+five+years&amp;rft.pub=CNBC&amp;rft.date=2020-09-29&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Elliot&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F09%2F29%2Fwest-africas-new-currency-could-now-be-delayed-by-five-years.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1">"Armed forces personnel, total – Data"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Armed+forces+personnel%2C+total+%E2%80%93+Data&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FMS.MIL.TOTL.P1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:8-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:8_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:8_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFThe_International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies_(IISS)2022" class="citation book cs1">The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2022). <i>The Military Balance 2022</i>. London: Taylor &amp; Francis. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9781032279008?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9781032279008"><bdi>9781032279008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2022&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.isbn=9781032279008&amp;rft.au=The+International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies+%28IISS%29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3_Data for all countries from 1988 to 2017 as a share of GDP.pdf (sipri.org)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1_Data for all countries from 1988 to 2017 in constant (2016) USD.pdf (sipri.org)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:5-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:5_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:5_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483">"Nigeria Security Tracker"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+Security+Tracker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fnigeria%2Fnigeria-security-tracker%2Fp29483&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAgency_Report2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Agency Report (2022-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html">"Over 40,000 terrorists surrender to troops – DHQ"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Over+40%2C000+terrorists+surrender+to+troops+%E2%80%93+DHQ&amp;rft.date=2022-03-24&amp;rft.au=Agency+Report&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-news%2F519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_දේශපාලනය_:7-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:7_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA_:7_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFBankole2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bankole, Idowu (2022-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/09/niger-delta-militants-at-war-over-pipelines-surveillance-contract/">"Niger Delta militants at war over pipelines surveillance contract"</a>. <i>Vanguard News</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MakeMoney.ng&amp;rft.atitle=Natural+resources+in+Nigeria+and+their+locations&amp;rft.date=2020-03-12&amp;rft.aulast=Ekene&amp;rft.aufirst=Mfon+Abel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.makemoney.ng%2Fnatural-resources-in-nigeria-and-their-locations-full-list%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations%3DNG">"Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)"</a>. <i>World Bank</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Bank&amp;rft.atitle=Agriculture%2C+forestry%2C+and+fishing%2C+value+added+%28%25+of+GDP%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNV.AGR.TOTL.ZS%3Flocations%3DNG&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:2-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:2_162-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:2_162-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/fao-in-nigeria/nigeria-at-a-glance/en/">"Nigeria at a glance|FAO in Nigeria|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"</a>. <i>fao.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fao.org&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+at+a+glance%7CFAO+in+Nigeria%7CFood+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnigeria%2Ffao-in-nigeria%2Fnigeria-at-a-glance%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fao.org&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+at+a+glance&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnigeria%2Ffao-in-nigeria%2Fnigeria-at-a-glance%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFCadoni2013">Cadoni, P. (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.fao.org/3/at586e/at586e.pdf">"Analysis of Incentives and Disincentives for Cocoa in Nigeria"</a>, <i>Technical notes series, MAFAP</i> (Rome: FAO)<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.fao.org/3/at586e/at586e.pdf">https://www.fao.org/3/at586e/at586e.pdf</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Incentives+and+Disincentives+for+Cocoa+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.jtitle=Technical+notes+series%2C+MAFAP&amp;rft.aulast=Cadoni&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft.au=Cadoni%2C%26%2332%3BP.&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.place=Rome&amp;rft.pub=FAO&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fat586e%2Fat586e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFIbirogba2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ibirogba, Femi (2018-12-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://guardian.ng/features/stakeholders-strategies-for-re-awakening-nigerias-cocoa-economy/">"Stakeholders' strategies for re-awakening Nigeria's cocoa economy"</a>. <i>The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-03-26</span></span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Among the six major agricultural exports of the pre-petroleum exporting years (cocoa, palm oil, palm kernel, rubber, groundnuts and cotton), cocoa is the one still standing tall in terms of non-oil exports," [Professor Adegboyega Oguntade] said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Nigeria+News+-+Nigeria+and+World+News&amp;rft.atitle=Stakeholders%27+strategies+for+re-awakening+Nigeria%27s+cocoa+economy&amp;rft.date=2018-12-17&amp;rft.aulast=Ibirogba&amp;rft.aufirst=Femi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Ffeatures%2Fstakeholders-strategies-for-re-awakening-nigerias-cocoa-economy%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/rubber/reporter/nga">"Rubber in Nigeria | OEC"</a>. <i>OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OEC+-+The+Observatory+of+Economic+Complexity&amp;rft.atitle=Rubber+in+Nigeria+%7C+OEC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foec.world%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fbilateral-product%2Frubber%2Freporter%2Fnga&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEkpo1986" class="citation journal cs1">Ekpo, Akpan H. 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In recent years, however, Nigeria has become a net importer of basic foods.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Nigerian+Journal+of+Economic+and+Social+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Food+dependency+and+the+nigerian+economy%3A+an+ex-post+analysis%2C+1960-80&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=257-273&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.aulast=Ekpo&amp;rft.aufirst=Akpan+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africabib.org%2Frec.php%3FRID%3D119536714&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:11-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:11_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:11_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFNwozorOlanrewajuAke2019" class="citation journal cs1">Nwozor, Agaptus; Olanrewaju, John Shola; Ake, Modupe B. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/2805/1/10603-Article%2520Text-41107-1-10-20191221.pdf">"National Insecurity and the Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (4). Richtmann Publishing. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.36941%252Fajis-2019-0032">10.36941/ajis-2019-0032</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2281-3993">2281-3993</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213869061">213869061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Academic+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=National+Insecurity+and+the+Challenges+of+Food+Security+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213869061%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.issn=2281-3993&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.36941%2Fajis-2019-0032&amp;rft.aulast=Nwozor&amp;rft.aufirst=Agaptus&amp;rft.au=Olanrewaju%2C+John+Shola&amp;rft.au=Ake%2C+Modupe+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.lmu.edu.ng%2F2805%2F1%2F10603-Article%2520Text-41107-1-10-20191221.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFOkotie2018">Okotie, Sylvester (2018-01-01), Ndimele, Prince E., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093993000057">"Chapter 5 - The Nigerian Economy Before the Discovery of Crude Oil"</a>, <i>The Political Ecology of Oil and Gas Activities in the Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystem</i> (Academic Press): pp.&nbsp;71–81, <div class="noprint"> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-12-809399-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-12-809399-3">978-0-12-809399-3</a> </div><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093993000057">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093993000057</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 2023-03-26</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+5+-+The+Nigerian+Economy+Before+the+Discovery+of+Crude+Oil&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Political+Ecology+of+Oil+and+Gas+Activities+in+the+Nigerian+Aquatic+Ecosystem&amp;rft.aulast=Okotie&amp;rft.aufirst=Sylvester&amp;rft.au=Okotie%2C%26%2332%3BSylvester&amp;rft.date=2018-01-01&amp;rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B71%E2%80%9381&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Press&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-12-809399-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128093993000057&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80"><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAke1996" class="citation book cs1">Ake, Claude (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dbs5rTH7GClgC%26pg%3DPA48"><i>Democracy and Development in Africa</i></a>. Brookings Institution Press. p.&nbsp;48. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-8157-0220-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-8157-0220-7"><bdi>978-0-8157-0220-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Democracy+and+Development+in+Africa&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8157-0220-7&amp;rft.aulast=Ake&amp;rft.aufirst=Claude&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbs5rTH7GClgC%26pg%3DPA48&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49367968">"Why Nigeria has restricted food imports"</a> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). BBC News. 2019-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Nigeria+has+restricted+food+imports&amp;rft.date=2019-08-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-49367968&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_pasquini2-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_pasquini2_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFPasquiniAlexander2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pasquini, MW; Alexander, MJ (2005). 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PwC<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Evaluating+Nigeria%27s+Gas+Value+Chain&amp;rft.pub=PwC&amp;rft.au=PricewaterhouseCoopers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwc.com%2Fng%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fevaluating-nigeria-gas-value-chain.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEjiogu2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ejiogu, Amanze R. 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Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+Buhari+worried+over+large+scale+crude+oil+theft&amp;rft.date=2022-08-19&amp;rft.aulast=Onuah&amp;rft.aufirst=Felix&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fnigerias-buhari-worried-over-large-scale-crude-oil-theft-2022-08-19%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-nigeria-says-crude-oil-theft-an-existential-threat-industry-2022-07-06/">"Shell Nigeria says crude oil theft an existential threat to industry"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2022-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Shell+Nigeria+says+crude+oil+theft+an+existential+threat+to+industry&amp;rft.date=2022-07-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2Fshell-nigeria-says-crude-oil-theft-an-existential-threat-industry-2022-07-06%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2008" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Lizzie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfwuQ71ZbaOcC%26pg%3DPA26"><i>Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide</i></a>. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&nbsp;26. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-84162-239-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-84162-239-2"><bdi>978-1-84162-239-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+The+Bradt+Travel+Guide&amp;rft.pages=26&amp;rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84162-239-2&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.aufirst=Lizzie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfwuQ71ZbaOcC%26pg%3DPA26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_NDES2-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_NDES2_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Environmental Resources Managers Ltd, Niger Delta Environmental Survey Final Report Phase I; 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Nigeria Sun. 27 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Stakes+in+four+Nigerian+oil+fields+being+sold+by+Shell&amp;rft.date=2014-08-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigeriasun.com%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F225153307&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web 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href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/natural-gas/nigerias-president-launches-new-gas-pipeline-project/29750">"Nigeria's president launches new gas pipeline project"</a>. <i>aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aa.com.tr&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+president+launches+new+gas+pipeline+project&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fenergy%2Fnatural-gas%2Fnigerias-president-launches-new-gas-pipeline-project%2F29750&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://constructionreviewonline.com/project-timelines/nigeria-morocco-gas-pipeline-nmgp-project-updates/">"Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline (NMGP) Project Updates"</a>. <i>Construction Review Online</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2022-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Construction+Review+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria-Morocco+Gas+Pipeline+%28NMGP%29+Project+Updates&amp;rft.date=2022-05-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstructionreviewonline.com%2Fproject-timelines%2Fnigeria-morocco-gas-pipeline-nmgp-project-updates%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVI-9%26chapter%3D26%26clang%3D_en">"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"</a>. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chapter+XXVI%3A+Disarmament+%E2%80%93+No.+9+Treaty+on+the+Prohibition+of+Nuclear+Weapons&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&amp;rft.date=2017-07-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXXVI-9%26chapter%3D26%26clang%3D_en&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:12-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12_191-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12_191-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:12_191-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.noi-polls.com/post/only-57-percent-of-nigerian-electricity-customers-are-metered">"Only 57 Percent of Nigerian Electricity Customers are Metered"</a>. <i>NOIPolls</i>. 2023-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span 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Daily NewsWatch. 5 May 2013. 14 March 2014 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/05/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ogun+State%27s+rising+investment+profile&amp;rft.pub=Daily+NewsWatch&amp;rft.date=2013-05-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mydailynewswatchng.com%2F2013%2F05%2F05%2Fogun-states-rising-investment-profile%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129151508/http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%25E2%2580%2599s-new-industrial-hub.html">"Ogun State: Nigeria's new Industrial hub"</a>. Online Nigeria News. 27 November 2012. 29 November 2013 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%25E2%2580%2599s-new-industrial-hub.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ogun+State%3A+Nigeria%27s+new+Industrial+hub&amp;rft.pub=Online+Nigeria+News&amp;rft.date=2012-11-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews2.onlinenigeria.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-stories%2F219914-ogun-state-nigeria%25E2%2580%2599s-new-industrial-hub.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_Naijalitz-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_Naijalitz_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://naijalitz.com/nigeria-now-generates-13000mw-of-power-says-minister/">"Nigeria now generates 13,000mw of power, says Minister – Chukwuma"</a>. Naijalitz – No 1 Entertainment Portal<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria+now+generates+13%2C000mw+of+power%2C+says+Minister+%E2%80%93+Chukwuma&amp;rft.pub=Naijalitz+%E2%80%93+No+1+Entertainment+Portal&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaijalitz.com%2Fnigeria-now-generates-13000mw-of-power-says-minister%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Link_rot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විකිපීඩියා:Link rot"><span title="&nbsp;Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ආර්ථිකය_:1-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA_:1_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ntu.edu.sg/cas/news-events/news/details/a-new-car-assembly-plant-begins-operation-in-nigeria">"A new car assembly plant begins operation in Nigeria"</a>. <i>NTU-SBF Centre for African Studies (CAS)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NTU-SBF+Centre+for+African+Studies+%28CAS%29&amp;rft.atitle=A+new+car+assembly+plant+begins+operation+in+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntu.edu.sg%2Fcas%2Fnews-events%2Fnews%2Fdetails%2Fa-new-car-assembly-plant-begins-operation-in-nigeria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFYager2022" class="citation web cs1">Yager, Thomas R. (March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2017-18/myb3-2017-18-nigeria.pdf">"The Mineral Industry of Nigeria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mineral+Industry+of+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2022-03&amp;rft.aulast=Yager&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fmyb%2Fvol3%2F2017-18%2Fmyb3-2017-18-nigeria.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFUmoh2018" class="citation web cs1">Umoh, Ruth (5 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/05/how-nigerian-aliko-dangote-became-the-worlds-richest-black-person.html">"Billionaire Aliko Dangote is the world's richest black person—here's how he made his wealth"</a>. CNBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Billionaire+Aliko+Dangote+is+the+world%27s+richest+black+person%E2%80%94here%27s+how+he+made+his+wealth&amp;rft.pub=CNBC&amp;rft.date=2018-12-05&amp;rft.aulast=Umoh&amp;rft.aufirst=Ruth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F12%2F05%2Fhow-nigerian-aliko-dangote-became-the-worlds-richest-black-person.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625011058/https://www.ajaokutasteel.com/site/pagef.php?cnt%3DProducts">"Products: Ajaokuta Steel Company: ...the Bedrock of Nigeria's Industrialization"</a>. <i>ajaokutasteel.com</i>. 25 June 2022 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ajaokutasteel.com/site/pagef.php?cnt%3DProducts">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/steel-production-by-country">"Steel Production by Country 2022"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&amp;rft.atitle=Steel+Production+by+Country+2022&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Fsteel-production-by-country&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/159578-nigeria-revive-steel-rolling-mills-official.html">"Nigeria to revive steel rolling mills – Official | Premium Times Nigeria"</a> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2014-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanguard&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+to+launch+Africa%27s+1st+nanosatellite&amp;rft.date=2017-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Polycarp&amp;rft.aufirst=Nwafor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2017%2F05%2Fnigeria-launch-africas-1st-nanosatellite%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOnyesi2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Onyesi, Chika (2021-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nigeria's pharmaceutical sector dwindling despite 60 percent production capacity'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Daily Post Nigeria</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nigerian+Infopedia&amp;rft.atitle=Top+10+Best+Pharmaceutical+Companies+in+Nigeria+%26+Their+Products&amp;rft.date=2019-09-19&amp;rft.aulast=Yahaya&amp;rft.aufirst=Abdulwali&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnigerianinfopedia.com.ng%2Fregistered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 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href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOkonji,_Emma2013" class="citation web cs1">Okonji, Emma (24 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027075729/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517">"Zinox Introduces Tablet Range of Computers, Plans Commercial Launch"</a>. <i>This Day</i>. This Day Live. 27 October 2013 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=This+Day&amp;rft.atitle=Zinox+Introduces+Tablet+Range+of+Computers%2C+Plans+Commercial+Launch&amp;rft.date=2013-10-24&amp;rft.au=Okonji%2C+Emma&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisdaylive.com%2Farticles%2Fzinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch%2F162517%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://guardian.ng/technology/nigeria-produces-five-of-seven-unicorns-in-africa/">"Nigeria produces five of seven unicorns in Africa"</a>. <i>The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2022-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+Nigeria+News+-+Nigeria+and+World+News&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+produces+five+of+seven+unicorns+in+Africa&amp;rft.date=2022-01-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Ftechnology%2Fnigeria-produces-five-of-seven-unicorns-in-africa%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFDeRouen,_Karl_R.Bellamy,_Paul2008" class="citation book cs1">DeRouen, Karl R. &amp; Bellamy, Paul (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtSLeN4U_C6kC%26pg%3DPA546"><i>International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.&nbsp;546. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-275-99253-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-275-99253-8"><bdi>978-0-275-99253-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2019/07/11/africas-booming-tech-hubs-are-backbone-of-tech-ecosystem-having-grown-40-this-year/%235ed629bf24c2">"Africa's Booming Tech Hubs Are "Backbone of Tech Ecosystem" Having Grown 40% This Year"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span 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class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anagor, Amaka (2021-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://businessday.ng/news/article/nigeria-joins-world-logistics-passport-as-strategic-trade-hub-in-west-africa/">"Nigeria joins World Logistics Passport as strategic trade hub in West Africa"</a>. <i>Businessday NG</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Businessday+NG&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+joins+World+Logistics+Passport+as+strategic+trade+hub+in+West+Africa&amp;rft.date=2021-10-08&amp;rft.aulast=Anagor&amp;rft.aufirst=Amaka&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessday.ng%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fnigeria-joins-world-logistics-passport-as-strategic-trade-hub-in-west-africa%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFShuaibu2022" class="citation web cs1">Shuaibu, Faruk (2022-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dailytrust.com/how-fg-moves-to-save-35000km-road-networks">"How FG moves to save 35,000km road networks"</a>. <i>Daily Trust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Trust&amp;rft.atitle=How+FG+moves+to+save+35%2C000km+road+networks&amp;rft.date=2022-05-01&amp;rft.aulast=Shuaibu&amp;rft.aufirst=Faruk&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytrust.com%2Fhow-fg-moves-to-save-35000km-road-networks&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=7+States+With+the+Worst+Road+Networks+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2022-04-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesselitesafrica.com%2F2022%2F04%2F24%2F7-states-with-the-worst-road-networks-in-nigeria%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesselitesafrica.com%2F2022%2F04%2F24%2F7-states-with-the-worst-road-networks-in-nigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914134254/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3%2BNigeria%2BRoad%2BNetwork">"2.3 Nigeria Road Network - Logistics Capacity Assessment - Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments"</a>. <i>dlca.logcluster.org</i>. 14 September 2022 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3%2BNigeria%2BRoad%2BNetwork">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://saharareporters.com/2020/12/16/updated-motorists-list-nigerias-most-dangerous-roads-say-bandits-built-dens-along-them">"UPDATED: Motorists List Nigeria's Most Dangerous Roads, Say Bandits Built Dens Along Them | Sahara Reporters"</a>. <i>saharareporters.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Bandits+abduct+motorists+on+Abuja+-+Kaduna+highway&amp;rft.date=2022-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Babangida&amp;rft.aufirst=Mohammed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-news%2F530677-bandits-abduct-motorists-on-abuja-kaduna-highway.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-airports-processed-15-8m-passengers-in-1-year">"Nigerian airports processed 15.8m passengers in 1 year | Dailytrust"</a>. <i>dailytrust.com</i>. 22 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=dailytrust.com&amp;rft.atitle=Nigerian+airports+processed+15.8m+passengers+in+1+year+%7C+Dailytrust&amp;rft.date=2022-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytrust.com%2Fnigerian-airports-processed-15-8m-passengers-in-1-year&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFReport2022" class="citation web cs1">Report, Agency (9 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/504810-new-anambra-airport-records-142-flights-3865-passengers-in-one-month-official.html">"New Anambra airport records 142 flights, 3,865 passengers in one month — Official"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Premium_Times&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Premium Times (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Premium Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+Anambra+airport+records+142+flights%2C+3%2C865+passengers+in+one+month+%E2%80%94+Official&amp;rft.date=2022-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Report&amp;rft.aufirst=Agency&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fregional%2Fssouth-east%2F504810-new-anambra-airport-records-142-flights-3865-passengers-in-one-month-official.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <i>population.un.org</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%2520(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XSLX)</span>. <i>population.un.org</i> ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=population.un.org&amp;rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_People_and_Society:_Population22-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_People_and_Society:_Population22_230-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_People_and_Society:_Population22_230-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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(2010). <i>Urban Economics and Real Estate: Theory and Policy</i>. Wiley Desktop Editions (2&nbsp;ed.). John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.&nbsp;9. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-470-59148-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-470-59148-2"><bdi>978-0-470-59148-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Urban+Economics+and+Real+Estate%3A+Theory+and+Policy&amp;rft.series=Wiley+Desktop+Editions&amp;rft.pages=9&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-59148-2&amp;rft.aulast=McDonald&amp;rft.aufirst=John+F.&amp;rft.au=McMillen%2C+Daniel+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Major_Urban_Areas:_Population-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Major_Urban_Areas:_Population_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Major Urban Areas: Population"</a>. <i>The World Fact Book</i>. Central Intelligence Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Fact+Book&amp;rft.atitle=Major+Urban+Areas%3A+Population&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_NGeo-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_NGeo_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nigeria" in <i>Geographica: The complete Atlas of the world</i>, Random House, 2002, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/0-375-72037-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/0-375-72037-5">0-375-72037-5</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_felix2-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_felix2_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOnuah2006" class="citation news cs1">Onuah, Felix (29 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126015018/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29819278.htm">"Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details"</a>. Reuters. 26 January 2009 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29819278.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+gives+census+result%2C+avoids+risky+details&amp;rft.date=2006-12-29&amp;rft.aulast=Onuah&amp;rft.aufirst=Felix&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FL29819278.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2007" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Peter (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DT4-rlVeb1n0C%26pg%3DPA132"><i>Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. p.&nbsp;132. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-0-472-06980-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-0-472-06980-4"><bdi>978-0-472-06980-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Growing+Apart%3A+Oil%2C+Politics%2C+and+Economic+Change+in+Indonesia+and+Nigeria&amp;rft.pages=132&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-472-06980-4&amp;rft.aulast=Lewis&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT4-rlVeb1n0C%26pg%3DPA132&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSuberu2001" class="citation book cs1">Suberu, Rotimi T. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWKeUMmDlPkEC%26pg%3DPA154"><i>Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria</i></a>. US Institute of Peace Press. p.&nbsp;154. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-929223-28-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-929223-28-2"><bdi>978-1-929223-28-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Federalism+and+Ethnic+Conflict+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.pages=154&amp;rft.pub=US+Institute+of+Peace+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-929223-28-2&amp;rft.aulast=Suberu&amp;rft.aufirst=Rotimi+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWKeUMmDlPkEC%26pg%3DPA154&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFPolitzer2008" class="citation web cs1">Politzer, Malia (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id%3D690">"China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration"</a>. Migration Information Source<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=China+and+Africa%3A+Stronger+Economic+Ties+Mean+More+Migration&amp;rft.pub=Migration+Information+Source&amp;rft.date=2008-08&amp;rft.aulast=Politzer&amp;rft.aufirst=Malia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationinformation.org%2FFeature%2Fdisplay.cfm%3Fid%3D690&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2008" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Sarah (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0502/p04s01-woaf.html">"Why white Zimbabwean farmers plan to stay in Nigeria"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Christian_Science_Monitor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Christian Science Monitor (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&amp;rft.atitle=Why+white+Zimbabwean+farmers+plan+to+stay+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2008-08&amp;rft.aulast=Simpson&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2008%2F0502%2Fp04s01-woaf.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFEbihardSimonsFennig2019" class="citation web cs1">Ebihard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ethnologue.com">"Nigeria"</a>. <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i> (22th&nbsp;ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International Publications. 12 September 2019 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912022921/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG">සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145059/https://kogistatehub.com/list-of-tribes-languages-in-nigeria/">"Updated List of Tribes, Languages and Ethnic Groups in Nigeria - Kogi State Hub"</a> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 6 April 2023. 11 April 2023 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kogistatehub.com/list-of-tribes-languages-in-nigeria/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Updated+List+of+Tribes%2C+Languages+and+Ethnic+Groups+in+Nigeria+-+Kogi+State+Hub&amp;rft.date=2023-04-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkogistatehub.com%2Flist-of-tribes-languages-in-nigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAdegbija2003" class="citation book cs1">Adegbija, Efurosibina E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DauI_WuBrWncC%26pg%3DPA55"><i>Multilingualism: A Nigerian Case Study</i></a>. Last paragraph: Africa World Press. p.&nbsp;55. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-59221-173-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-59221-173-9"><bdi>978-1-59221-173-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Multilingualism%3A+A+Nigerian+Case+Study&amp;rft.place=Last+paragraph&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59221-173-9&amp;rft.aulast=Adegbija&amp;rft.aufirst=Efurosibina+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DauI_WuBrWncC%26pg%3DPA55&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Cia_19-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Cia_19_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CIA Factbook: Nigeria <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110080854/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/fields/401.html">[1]</a> (retrieved 9 May 2020)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2021" class="citation journal cs1">McKinnon, Andrew (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13644-021-00450-5?platform%3Dhootsuite">"Christians, Muslims and Traditional Worshippers in Nigeria: Estimating the Relative Proportions from Eleven Nationally Representative Social Surveys"</a>. <i>Review of Religious Research</i>. <b>63</b> (2): 303–315. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252Fs13644-021-00450-5">10.1007/s13644-021-00450-5</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hdl.handle.net/2164%252F16008">2164/16008</a></span>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">S2CID</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233821494">233821494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Review+of+Religious+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Christians%2C+Muslims+and+Traditional+Worshippers+in+Nigeria%3A+Estimating+the+Relative+Proportions+from+Eleven+Nationally+Representative+Social+Surveys&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=303-315&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2164%2F16008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233821494%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13644-021-00450-5&amp;rft.aulast=McKinnon&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs13644-021-00450-5%3Fplatform%3Dhootsuite&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chitando, Ezra (editor: Afe Adogame), <i>African Traditions in the Study of Religion, Diaspora and Gendered Societies</i>, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Routledge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Routledge (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Routledge</a> (2016), p. 31, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/9781317184188?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/9781317184188">9781317184188</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVMjeCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31">[2]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Pew_Forum_on_Religion2-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Pew_Forum_on_Religion2_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101080244/http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php">"Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project</i>. 18 December 2012. 1 January 2013 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&amp;rft.atitle=Table%3A+Religious+Composition+by+Country%2C+in+Percentages&amp;rft.date=2012-12-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeatures.pewforum.org%2Fgrl%2Fpopulation-percentage.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFDiamant" class="citation web cs1">Diamant, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/">"The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations"</a>.</cite><span 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World Christian Database. 16 October 2018 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_166_2.asp">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Religious+Adherents%2C+2010+%E2%80%93+Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=World+Christian+Database&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FinternationalData%2Fcountries%2FCountry_166_2.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Regional_Distribution_of_Christians2-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Regional_Distribution_of_Christians2_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-regions/">"Regional Distribution of Christians"</a>. Pewforum.org. 19 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Regional+Distribution+of+Christians&amp;rft.pub=Pewforum.org&amp;rft.date=2011-12-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2Fglobal-christianity-regions%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-muslim/Regional">"Distribution of Christians"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Distribution+of+Christians&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fglobal-religious-landscape-muslim%2FRegional&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Link_rot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විකිපීඩියා:Link rot"><span title="&nbsp;Dead link tagged January 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/">"The Future of the Global Muslim Population"</a>. Pewforum.org. 27 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Global+Muslim+Population&amp;rft.pub=Pewforum.org&amp;rft.date=2011-01-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2011%2F01%2F27%2Fthe-future-of-the-global-muslim-population%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">"Nigeria - The World Factbook"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a></i>. 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CIA&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+-+The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2024-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fnigeria%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-257">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://academic.oup.com/view-large/35408497">"Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria"</a>. Academic.oup.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Research+note%3A+Exploring+survey+data+for+historical+and+anthropological+research%3A+Muslim%E2%80%93Christian+relations+in+south-west+Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=Academic.oup.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fview-large%2F35408497&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306085141/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/columnist/thursday/jide-osuntokun/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html">"Nigeria: a secular or multi religious state – 2"</a>. 6 March 2014 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/columnist/thursday/jide-osuntokun/46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+a+secular+or+multi+religious+state+%E2%80%93+2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationonlineng.net%2F2011%2Findex.php%2Fcolumnist%2Fthursday%2Fjide-osuntokun%2F46858-nigeria-a-secular-or-multi-religious-state-2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202021/http://www.nasarawastate.org/newsday/news/culture/11129114540.html">"The Middle Belt: History and politics"</a>. Nasarawastate.org. 29 November 2004. 29 February 2012 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nasarawastate.org/newsday/news/culture/11129114540.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Middle+Belt%3A+History+and+politics&amp;rft.pub=Nasarawastate.org&amp;rft.date=2004-11-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasarawastate.org%2Fnewsday%2Fnews%2Fculture%2F11129114540.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:9-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9_260-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9_260-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:9_260-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483">"Nigeria Security Tracker"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+Security+Tracker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fnigeria%2Fnigeria-security-tracker%2Fp29483&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOlojo2016" class="citation book cs1">Olojo, Akinola Ejodame (2016). <i>Muslims, Christians and religious Violence in Nigeria: Patterns and mapping (2006-2014)</i>. Leiden, Ibadan: IFRA-Nigeria. pp.&nbsp;91–111. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/979-1-09231255-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/979-1-09231255-3"><bdi>979-1-09231255-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muslims%2C+Christians+and+religious+Violence+in+Nigeria%3A+Patterns+and+mapping+%282006-2014%29&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2C+Ibadan&amp;rft.pages=91-111&amp;rft.pub=IFRA-Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=979-1-09231255-3&amp;rft.aulast=Olojo&amp;rft.aufirst=Akinola+Ejodame&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:10-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:10_262-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:10_262-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cfr.org/blog/conflict-nigeria-more-complicated-christians-vs-muslims">"Conflict in Nigeria Is More Complicated Than "Christians vs. Muslims"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&amp;rft.atitle=Conflict+in+Nigeria+Is+More+Complicated+Than+%22Christians+vs.+Muslims%22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fblog%2Fconflict-nigeria-more-complicated-christians-vs-muslims&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFReport2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Report, Agency (2022-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html">"Over 40,000 terrorists surrender to troops – DHQ"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Over+40%2C000+terrorists+surrender+to+troops+%E2%80%93+DHQ&amp;rft.date=2022-03-24&amp;rft.aulast=Report&amp;rft.aufirst=Agency&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-news%2F519364-over-40000-terrorists-surrender-to-troops-dhq.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOkogba2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Okogba, Emmanuel (2022-08-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/08/arrest-of-owo-church-massacre-suspects/">"Arrest of Owo church massacre suspects"</a>. <i>Vanguard News</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanguard+News&amp;rft.atitle=Arrest+of+Owo+church+massacre+suspects&amp;rft.date=2022-08-16&amp;rft.aulast=Okogba&amp;rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2022%2F08%2Farrest-of-owo-church-massacre-suspects%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSunday2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sunday, Ochogwu (2022-08-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dailypost.ng/2022/08/11/owo-church-massacre-two-more-iswap-terrorists-arrested-identities-revealed/">"Owo Church massacre: Two more ISWAP terrorists arrested, identities revealed"</a>. <i>Daily Post Nigeria</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Post+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Owo+Church+massacre%3A+Two+more+ISWAP+terrorists+arrested%2C+identities+revealed&amp;rft.date=2022-08-11&amp;rft.aulast=Sunday&amp;rft.aufirst=Ochogwu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailypost.ng%2F2022%2F08%2F11%2Fowo-church-massacre-two-more-iswap-terrorists-arrested-identities-revealed%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akhtar, Rais (1991), <i>Health Care Patterns and Planning in Developing Countries</i>, Greenwood Press, p. 264.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128203803/http://www.eldis.org/healthsystems/userfees/background.htm">"User fees for health: a background"</a>. 28 November 2006 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eldis.org/healthsystems/userfees/background.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=User+fees+for+health%3A+a+background&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eldis.org%2Fhealthsystems%2Fuserfees%2Fbackground.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828093311/http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/378">"Effect of the Bamako-Initiative drug revolving fund on availability and rational use of essential drugs in primary health care facilities in south-east Nigeria"</a>. 28 August 2007 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/378">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Effect+of+the+Bamako-Initiative+drug+revolving+fund+on+availability+and+rational+use+of+essential+drugs+in+primary+health+care+facilities+in+south-east+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheapol.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F17%2F4%2F378&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:13-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:13_269-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:13_269-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.noi-polls.com/post/malaria-disease-a-worrisome-health-challenge-in-nigeria">"Malaria Disease: A Worrisome Health Challenge in Nigeria"</a>. <i>NOIPolls</i>. 2023-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NOIPolls&amp;rft.atitle=Malaria+Disease%3A+A+Worrisome+Health+Challenge+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2023-05-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noi-polls.com%2Fpost%2Fmalaria-disease-a-worrisome-health-challenge-in-nigeria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:0-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0_270-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:0_270-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NGA">"| Human Development Reports"</a>. <i>hdr.undp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hdr.undp.org&amp;rft.atitle=%7C+Human+Development+Reports&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fprofiles%2FNGA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://profiles.countdown2030.org/%23/cp/NGA">"Countdown Country Profiles"</a>. <i>profiles.countdown2030.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=profiles.countdown2030.org&amp;rft.atitle=Countdown+Country+Profiles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.countdown2030.org%2F%23%2Fcp%2FNGA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations%3DNG">"Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Nigeria | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2021-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&amp;rft.atitle=Mortality+rate%2C+infant+%28per+1%2C000+live+births%29+-+Nigeria+%7C+Data&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.IMRT.IN%3Flocations%3DNG&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_McNeil-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_McNeil_273-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeil2012" class="citation news cs1">McNeil, Donald (11 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/12/health/a-match-and-a-mission-helping-blacks-battle-cancer.html?_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall">"Finding a Match, and a Mission: Helping Blacks Survive Cancer"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Finding+a+Match%2C+and+a+Mission%3A+Helping+Blacks+Survive+Cancer&amp;rft.date=2012-05-11&amp;rft.aulast=McNeil&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F12%2Fhealth%2Fa-match-and-a-mission-helping-blacks-battle-cancer.html%3F_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Matt_Schiavenza-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Matt_Schiavenza_274-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSchiavenza2014" class="citation web cs1">Schiavenza, Matt (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/why-nigeria-stopped-ebola-but-not-boko-haram/381442/">"Why Nigeria Was Able to Beat Ebola, but Not Boko Haram"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Nigeria+Was+Able+to+Beat+Ebola%2C+but+Not+Boko+Haram&amp;rft.date=2014-10-14&amp;rft.aulast=Schiavenza&amp;rft.aufirst=Matt&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2014%2F10%2Fwhy-nigeria-stopped-ebola-but-not-boko-haram%2F381442%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_The_Punch-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_The_Punch_275-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205124719/http://www.punchng.com/news/us-sends-medical-experts-to-study-how-nigeria-contained-ebola/">"US sends experts to study Nigeria's anti-Ebola strategies"</a>. <i>The Punch</i>. 3 October 2014. 5 December 2014 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.punchng.com/news/us-sends-medical-experts-to-study-how-nigeria-contained-ebola/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Punch&amp;rft.atitle=US+sends+experts+to+study+Nigeria%27s+anti-Ebola+strategies&amp;rft.date=2014-10-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.punchng.com%2Fnews%2Fus-sends-medical-experts-to-study-how-nigeria-contained-ebola%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_Vanguard-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_Vanguard_276-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOdiogor2014" class="citation web cs1">Odiogor, Hugo (2 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/us-sends-medical-experts-study-nigeria-tamed-ebola/">"US sends medical experts to study how Nigeria tamed Ebola"</a>. <i>Vanguard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanguard&amp;rft.atitle=US+sends+medical+experts+to+study+how+Nigeria+tamed+Ebola&amp;rft.date=2014-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Odiogor&amp;rft.aufirst=Hugo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fus-sends-medical-experts-study-nigeria-tamed-ebola%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAnekwe2003" class="citation web cs1">Anekwe, Mike Chinedu (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527134510/http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/barticles/brain_drain_the_nigerian_experie.htm">"BRAIN DRAIN: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE (1)"</a>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Niger_Delta_Congress&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Niger Delta Congress (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Niger Delta Congress</a>. 27 May 2011 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/barticles/brain_drain_the_nigerian_experie.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=BRAIN+DRAIN%3A+THE+NIGERIAN+EXPERIENCE+%281%29&amp;rft.pub=Niger+Delta+Congress&amp;rft.date=2003-04&amp;rft.aulast=Anekwe&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike+Chinedu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigerdeltacongress.com%2Fbarticles%2Fbrain_drain_the_nigerian_experie.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_CP2006-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_CP2006_278-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_CP2006_278-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Nigeria.pdf">"Country Profile – Nigeria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=United_States_Library_of_Congress&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="United States Library of Congress (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">United States Library of Congress</a> – Federal Research Division. July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Country+Profile+%E2%80%93+Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Federal+Research+Division&amp;rft.date=2008-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FNigeria.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/education">"Education | UNICEF Nigeria"</a>. <i>www.unicef.org</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2024-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.unicef.org&amp;rft.atitle=Education+%7C+UNICEF+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fnigeria%2Feducation&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFWIPO" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">WIPO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html">"Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition"</a>. <i>wipo.int</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.34667%252Ftind.46596">10.34667/tind.46596</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=wipo.int&amp;rft.atitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2023%2C+15th+Edition&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.46596&amp;rft.au=WIPO&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2023%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/">"Global Innovation Index 2021"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=World_Intellectual_Property_Organization&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="World Intellectual Property Organization (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">World Intellectual Property Organization</a></i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=United_Nations&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="United Nations (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">United Nations</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&amp;rft.atitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2021%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_:14-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14_282-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14_282-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_:14_282-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.noi-polls.com/post/7-in-10-nigerians-find-state-of-security-dreadful">"7 In 10 Nigerians find "state of security" dreadful"</a>. <i>noi-polls.com</i>. 2022-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=noi-polls.com&amp;rft.atitle=7+In+10+Nigerians+find+%22state+of+security%22+dreadful&amp;rft.date=2022-05-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noi-polls.com%2Fpost%2F7-in-10-nigerians-find-state-of-security-dreadful&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigeria-security-tracker/p29483">"Nigeria Security Tracker"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria+Security+Tracker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fnigeria%2Fnigeria-security-tracker%2Fp29483&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFIgwe2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Igwe, Uchenna (2023-01-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/jan/17/nigeria-pirates-switch-targets-from-ships-to-shore">"Murder, kidnapping and arson: Nigerian pirates switch targets from ships to shore"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Murder%2C+kidnapping+and+arson%3A+Nigerian+pirates+switch+targets+from+ships+to+shore&amp;rft.date=2023-01-17&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Igwe&amp;rft.aufirst=Uchenna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fjan%2F17%2Fnigeria-pirates-switch-targets-from-ships-to-shore&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.efccnigeria.org/efcc/about-efcc/the-establishment-act">"The Establishment Act"</a>. <i><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Economic_and_Financial_Crimes_Commission&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Economic and Financial Crimes Commission</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Financial+Crimes+Commission&amp;rft.atitle=The+Establishment+Act&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efccnigeria.org%2Fefcc%2Fabout-efcc%2Fthe-establishment-act&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-286">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSanni2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sanni, Kunle (2023-01-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/574055-efcc-secures-3785-convictions-in-2022.html">"EFCC secures 3,785 convictions in 2022"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=EFCC+secures+3%2C785+convictions+in+2022&amp;rft.date=2023-01-04&amp;rft.aulast=Sanni&amp;rft.aufirst=Kunle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Fmore-news%2F574055-efcc-secures-3785-convictions-in-2022.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAgbana2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Agbana, Rotimi (2023-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://punchng.com/corrupt-politicians-planning-to-flee-before-may-29-efcc/">"Corrupt politicians planning to flee before May 29 - EFCC"</a>. <i>Punch Newspapers</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Punch+Newspapers&amp;rft.atitle=Corrupt+politicians+planning+to+flee+before+May+29+-+EFCC&amp;rft.date=2023-05-20&amp;rft.aulast=Agbana&amp;rft.aufirst=Rotimi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunchng.com%2Fcorrupt-politicians-planning-to-flee-before-may-29-efcc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-288">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/15/nigerias-president-tinubu-suspends-anti-corruption-agency-head">"Nigeria's President Tinubu suspends anti-corruption agency head"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+President+Tinubu+suspends+anti-corruption+agency+head&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F15%2Fnigerias-president-tinubu-suspends-anti-corruption-agency-head&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?end%3D2017%26locations%3DNG%26start%3D1985">"Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) - Nigeria | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&amp;rft.atitle=Poverty+headcount+ratio+at+%242.15+a+day+%282017+PPP%29+%28%25+of+population%29+-+Nigeria+%7C+Data&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.DDAY%3Fend%3D2017%26locations%3DNG%26start%3D1985&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOlawoyin2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olawoyin, Oladeinde (2022-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/520849-number-of-poor-people-in-nigeria-to-reach-95-million-in-2022-world-bank.html">"Number of poor people in Nigeria to reach 95 million in 2022 – World Bank"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i> (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Number+of+poor+people+in+Nigeria+to+reach+95+million+in+2022+%E2%80%93+World+Bank&amp;rft.date=2022-03-30&amp;rft.aulast=Olawoyin&amp;rft.aufirst=Oladeinde&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F520849-number-of-poor-people-in-nigeria-to-reach-95-million-in-2022-world-bank.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/03/21/afw-deep-structural-reforms-guided-by-evidence-are-urgently-needed-to-lift-millions-of-nigerians-out-of-poverty">"Nigeria Poverty Assessment"</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigeria+Poverty+Assessment&amp;rft.pub=World+Bank&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fpress-release%2F2022%2F03%2F21%2Fafw-deep-structural-reforms-guided-by-evidence-are-urgently-needed-to-lift-millions-of-nigerians-out-of-poverty&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/09/16/official-us-poverty-rate-is-based-hopelessly-out-of-date-metric/">"Perspective | The official U.S. poverty rate is based on a hopelessly out-of-date metric"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Perspective+%7C+The+official+U.S.+poverty+rate+is+based+on+a+hopelessly+out-of-date+metric&amp;rft.issn=0190-8286&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fofficial-us-poverty-rate-is-based-hopelessly-out-of-date-metric%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.numerade.com/questions/why-is-it-difficult-to-determine-a-universal-poverty-threshold/">"SOLVED:Why is it difficult to determine a universal poverty threshold?"</a>. <i>numerade.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=numerade.com&amp;rft.atitle=SOLVED%3AWhy+is+it+difficult+to+determine+a+universal+poverty+threshold%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.numerade.com%2Fquestions%2Fwhy-is-it-difficult-to-determine-a-universal-poverty-threshold%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://punchng.com/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma/">"92% of Nigerian adult males own mobile device, says GSMA"</a>. <i>Punch Newspapers</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2022-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Punch+Newspapers&amp;rft.atitle=92%25+of+Nigerian+adult+males+own+mobile+device%2C+says+GSMA&amp;rft.date=2022-06-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunchng.com%2F92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_ජනවිකාසය_StateDeptHumanRights2-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_StateDeptHumanRights2_295-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA_StateDeptHumanRights2_295-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite 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United States, Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 25 February 2009. 26 February 2009 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119018.htm">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=2008+Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices&amp;rft.atitle=2008+Human+Rights+Report%3A+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2009-02-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F2008%2Faf%2F119018.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx">"OHCHR | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women"</a>. <i>ohchr.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ohchr.org&amp;rft.atitle=OHCHR+%26%23124%3B+Committee+on+the+Elimination+of+Discrimination+against+Women&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fhrbodies%2Fcedaw%2Fpages%2Fcedawindex.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-297">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFGuilbert2017" class="citation news cs1">Guilbert, Kieran (17 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-women-lawmaking-idUSKCN0WJ2L4">"Failure to pass equality bill betrays Nigerian women, activists say"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Failure+to+pass+equality+bill+betrays+Nigerian+women%2C+activists+say&amp;rft.date=2017-03-17&amp;rft.aulast=Guilbert&amp;rft.aufirst=Kieran&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-nigeria-women-lawmaking-idUSKCN0WJ2L4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFRefugees" class="citation web cs1">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.refworld.org/docid/50b4ab202.html">"Refworld – Nigeria: Prevalence of forced marriage, particularly in Muslim and Yoruba communities; 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=pewglobal&amp;rft.atitle=The+Global+Divide+on+Homosexuality&amp;rft.date=2013-06-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2F2013%2F06%2F04%2Fthe-global-divide-on-homosexuality%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-314">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nigeria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-or-expression-nigeria-february-2022-accessible-version%23general-treatment-by-state-and-non-state-actors">"Country policy and information note: sexual orientation and gender identity or expression, Nigeria, February 2022 (accessible version)"</a>. <i>Gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Country+policy+and+information+note%3A+sexual+orientation+and+gender+identity+or+expression%2C+Nigeria%2C+February+2022+%28accessible+version%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fnigeria-country-policy-and-information-notes%2Fcountry-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-or-expression-nigeria-february-2022-accessible-version%23general-treatment-by-state-and-non-state-actors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-315">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFHansford2023" class="citation web cs1">Hansford, Amelia (5 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/09/05/nigeria-alleged-gay-wedding/">"More than 60 people remanded in jail for attending alleged gay wedding in Nigeria"</a>. <i>PinkNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PinkNews&amp;rft.atitle=More+than+60+people+remanded+in+jail+for+attending+alleged+gay+wedding+in+Nigeria&amp;rft.date=2023-09-05&amp;rft.aulast=Hansford&amp;rft.aufirst=Amelia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepinknews.com%2F2023%2F09%2F05%2Fnigeria-alleged-gay-wedding%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFSpoonerOluwagbile2022" class="citation web cs1">Spooner, Moina; Oluwagbile, Segun (18 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://theconversation.com/nigerias-endless-lecturer-strikes-insights-from-some-essential-reads-190805">"Nigeria's endless lecturer strikes: insights from some essential reads"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%27s+endless+lecturer+strikes%3A+insights+from+some+essential+reads&amp;rft.date=2022-09-18&amp;rft.aulast=Spooner&amp;rft.aufirst=Moina&amp;rft.au=Oluwagbile%2C+Segun&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fnigerias-endless-lecturer-strikes-insights-from-some-essential-reads-190805&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2022" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (2022-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.africanews.com/2022/09/06/nigeria-students-abandoned-as-teachers-strike-drags-on/">"Nigeria: students abandoned as teachers' strike drags on"</a>. <i>Africanews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Africanews&amp;rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+students+abandoned+as+teachers%27+strike+drags+on&amp;rft.date=2022-09-06&amp;rft.au=AfricaNews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2022%2F09%2F06%2Fnigeria-students-abandoned-as-teachers-strike-drags-on%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_theconversation-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation_318-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation_318-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation_318-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation_318-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_theconversation_318-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://theconversation.com/100-years-of-pop-music-in-nigeria-what-shaped-four-eras-181298">"100 years of pop music in Nigeria: What shaped four eras"</a>. 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=100+years+of+pop+music+in+Nigeria%3A+What+shaped+four+eras&amp;rft.date=2022-07-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2F100-years-of-pop-music-in-nigeria-what-shaped-four-eras-181298&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_sunng-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng_319-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng_319-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng_319-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_sunng_319-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sunnewsonline.com/nigerians-and-their-music-a-historical-perspective/?amp">"Nigerians and their music: A historical perspective"</a>. <i>The Sun Nigeria</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sun+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Nigerians+and+their+music%3A+A+historical+perspective&amp;rft.date=2023-03-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnewsonline.com%2Fnigerians-and-their-music-a-historical-perspective%2F%3Famp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-320">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/william-onyeabor-mn0000683943">"William Onyeabor Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio &amp; More"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i> (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=William+Onyeabor+Songs%2C+Albums%2C+Reviews%2C+Bio+%26+More&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fwilliam-onyeabor-mn0000683943&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-321">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFOluwafemi2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oluwafemi, Taiwo (2023-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tooxclusive.com/2face-dbanj-p-square-who-was-the-biggest-artiste-of-their-era/">"2face, D'banj, P-Square - Who Was The Biggest Artiste Of Their Era?"</a>. <i>tooXclusive</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=tooXclusive&amp;rft.atitle=2face%2C+D%27banj%2C+P-Square+-+Who+Was+The+Biggest+Artiste+Of+Their+Era%3F&amp;rft.date=2023-02-20&amp;rft.aulast=Oluwafemi&amp;rft.aufirst=Taiwo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftooxclusive.com%2F2face-dbanj-p-square-who-was-the-biggest-artiste-of-their-era%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-322">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAzeez2018" class="citation web cs1">Azeez, Makinde (2018-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/entertainment/2baba-dbanj-and-psquare-which-one-of-them-is-worth-calling-a-musical-legend">"2Baba, D'banj And Psquare - Which One Of Them Is Worth Calling A Musical Legend?"</a>. <i>Naijaloaded</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naijaloaded&amp;rft.atitle=2Baba%2C+D%27banj+And+Psquare+-+Which+One+Of+Them+Is+Worth+Calling+A+Musical+Legend%3F&amp;rft.date=2018-09-08&amp;rft.aulast=Azeez&amp;rft.aufirst=Makinde&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naijaloaded.com.ng%2Fentertainment%2F2baba-dbanj-and-psquare-which-one-of-them-is-worth-calling-a-musical-legend&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-323">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFHOPKID2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">HOPKID (2023-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://naijasureguys.com.ng/psquare-paved-the-way-for-afrobeat-not-dbanj-or-2face/">"PSquare Paved The Way For Afrobeat Not D'banj or 2face"</a>. <i>THE NSG</i> (ඇමෙරිකානු ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්)<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2023-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=THE+NSG&amp;rft.atitle=PSquare+Paved+The+Way+For+Afrobeat+Not+D%27banj+or+2face&amp;rft.date=2023-04-25&amp;rft.au=HOPKID&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaijasureguys.com.ng%2Fpsquare-paved-the-way-for-afrobeat-not-dbanj-or-2face%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-324">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209102925/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/22/MTV.Africa.ap/index.html">"AP/CNN: MTV launches first-ever African music award show"</a>. CNN. 22 November 2008. 9 December 2008 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/22/MTV.Africa.ap/index.html">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=AP%2FCNN%3A+MTV+launches+first-ever+African+music+award+show&amp;rft.date=2008-11-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FSHOWBIZ%2FMusic%2F11%2F22%2FMTV.Africa.ap%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Top_20_films_9th_15th_April_2021_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Top_20_films_9th_15th_April_2021_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria_325-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/206-top-20-films-report-9th-15th-april-2021">"Top 20 Films Report 9th-15th April 2021"</a>. Nigeria: CEAN<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Top+20+Films+Report+9th-15th+April+2021&amp;rft.place=Nigeria&amp;rft.pub=CEAN&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceanigeria.com%2Fbox-office%2F206-top-20-films-report-9th-15th-april-2021&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_premiumtimesng.com-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_premiumtimesng.com_326-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFAugoye2020" class="citation web cs1">Augoye, Jayne (7 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/371619-wedding-party-1-named-highest-grossing-nollywood-movie-of-the-decade.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Wedding Party 1' named highest-grossing Nollywood movie of the decade"</a>. 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/120-top-20-films-27th-december-2019-2nd-january-2020">"Top 20 films 27th December 2019 2nd January 2020 - Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria"</a>. <i>ceanigeria.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ceanigeria.com&amp;rft.atitle=Top+20+films+27th+December+2019+2nd+January+2020+-+Cinema+Exhibitors+Association+of+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceanigeria.com%2Fbox-office%2F120-top-20-films-27th-december-2019-2nd-january-2020&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Top_20_films_24th_26th_June_2022_-_Cinema_Exhibitors_Association_of_Nigeria-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2010/12/16/lights-camera-africa?story_id%3D17723124%26CFID%3D153287426%26CFTOKEN%3D59754693">"Lights, camera, Africa"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span 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Sowetan Live. 13 April 2014 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/world/2014/04/07/nollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nollywood+helps+Nigeria+kick+South+Africa%27s+economic+butt&amp;rft.pub=Sowetan+Live&amp;rft.date=2014-04-07&amp;rft.au=Hazlewood%2C+Phil&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sowetanlive.co.za%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2014%2F04%2F07%2Fnollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-336">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFManasa2010" class="citation news cs1">Manasa, Makweembo (11 පෙබරවාරි 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710080804/http://www.zambianwatchdog.com/2010/02/11/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst/">"TB Joshua – 21st Century Prophet in Our Midst?"</a>. <i>Zambian Watchdog</i>. 10 ජූලි 2010 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.zambianwatchdog.com/2010/02/11/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst/">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zambian+Watchdog&amp;rft.atitle=TB+Joshua+%E2%80%93+21st+Century+Prophet+in+Our+Midst%3F&amp;rft.date=2010-02-11&amp;rft.aulast=Manasa&amp;rft.aufirst=Makweembo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zambianwatchdog.com%2F2010%2F02%2F11%2Ftb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_OnlineNigeria2-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_OnlineNigeria2_337-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/festivals/">"Festivals in Nigeria"</a>. <i>Online Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Online+Nigeria&amp;rft.atitle=Festivals+in+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlinenigeria.com%2Ffestivals%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-නයිජීරියාවේ_සංස්කෘතිය_Oxford20102-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_Oxford20102_338-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVFONkYzHco8C%26pg%3DPA243">"Patchwork of Celebration"</a>. <i>The Report: Nigeria 2010</i>. Oxford Business Group. p.&nbsp;243. <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/978-1-907065-14-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/978-1-907065-14-9"><bdi>978-1-907065-14-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Patchwork+of+Celebration&amp;rft.btitle=The+Report%3A+Nigeria+2010&amp;rft.pages=243&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-907065-14-9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVFONkYzHco8C%26pg%3DPA243&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthonio, H.O. and Isoun, M. (1982), <i>Nigerian Cookbook</i>, Macmillan, Lagos, <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර සම්මත පොත් අංකය">ISBN</a> <a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/0-333-32698-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/0-333-32698-9">0-333-32698-9</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-340">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFNone2019" class="citation web cs1">None (2019-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.stearsng.com/article/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry/">"The state of Nigeria's Fashion Industry"</a>. <i>stearsng.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2022-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=stearsng.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+state+of+Nigeria%27s+Fashion+Industry&amp;rft.date=2019-06-11&amp;rft.au=None&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stearsng.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826193254/http://www.africabasket.com/Nigeria/basketball.asp">"Nigerian Basketball"</a>. Africabasket.com. 2011. 26 August 2012 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.africabasket.com/Nigeria/basketball.asp">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nigerian+Basketball&amp;rft.pub=Africabasket.com&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africabasket.com%2FNigeria%2Fbasketball.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.topendsports.com/sport/new/loofball.htm">"About Loofball"</a>. <i>topendsports.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=topendsports.com&amp;rft.atitle=About+Loofball&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topendsports.com%2Fsport%2Fnew%2Floofball.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r553077">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://si-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Pinthura" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1725631552"> <span>Last edited on 6 සැප්තැම්බර් 2024, at 14:05</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Нигериа – ඇබ්කාසියානු" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Нигериа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ඇබ්කාසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – අචයිනිස්" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="අචයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Нигерие – අඩිඝෙ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Нигерие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="අඩිඝෙ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeri%25C3%25AB" title="Nigerië – අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nigerië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ස්විස් ජර්මානු" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ස්විස් ජර්මානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%2593%25E1%258B%25AD%25E1%258C%2584%25E1%2588%25AA%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ናይጄሪያ – ඇම්හාරික්" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናይጄሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ඇම්හාරික්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicheria" title="Nicheria – ඇරගොනීස්" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nicheria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ඇරගොනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijiria" title="Naijiria – ඔබලෝ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Naijiria" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ඔබලෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाईजीरिया – අන්ගික" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नाईजीरिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="අන්ගික" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="විශේෂාංග ලිපි"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="نيجيريا – අරාබි" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيجيريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="අරාබි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="نيجيريا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيجيريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="نايجيريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نايجيريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="নাইজেৰিয়া – ඇසෑම්" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাইজেৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ඇසෑම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixeria" title="Nixeria – ඇස්ටියුරියන්" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nixeria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ඇස්ටියුරියන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqirya" title="Niqirya – අයිමරා" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Niqirya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="අයිමරා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriya" title="Nigeriya – අසර්බයිජාන්" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nigeriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="අසර්බයිජාන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="نیجریه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیجریه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – බාෂ්කිර්" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="බාෂ්කිර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – බැලිනීස්" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="බැලිනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Nigerėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nigerėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerya" title="Nigerya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nigerya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Нігерыя – බෙලරුසියානු" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нігерыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="බෙලරුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Нігерыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нігерыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – බල්ගේරියානු" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="බල්ගේරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाइजीरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नाइजीरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naejiria" title="Naejiria – බිස්ලමා" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Naejiria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="බිස්ලමා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijeria" title="Nijeria – බම්බරා" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Nijeria" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="බම්බරා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="নাইজেরিয়া – බෙංගාලි" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইজেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="බෙංගාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2587%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ནི་ཇི་རི་ཡ། – ටිබෙට්" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནི་ཇི་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ටිබෙට්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="নাইজেরিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নাইজেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – බ්‍රේටොන්" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="බ්‍රේටොන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – බොස්නියානු" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="බොස්නියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A8ria" title="Nigèria – කැටලන්" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nigèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="කැටලන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – චෙච්නියානු" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="චෙච්නියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigyeriya" title="Nigyeriya – සෙබුඅනො" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nigyeriya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="සෙබුඅනො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%2582%25E1%258F%25A5%25E1%258E%25B5%25E1%258F%25AF" title="ᏂᏥᎵᏯ – චෙරොකී" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏂᏥᎵᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="චෙරොකී" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DB%258E%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="نێجیریا – සොරානි කුර්දිෂ්" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نێجیریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="සොරානි කුර්දිෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – කෝසිකානු" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="කෝසිකානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriya" title="Nigeriya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nigeriya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9rie" title="Nigérie – චෙක්" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nigérie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="චෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – චවේෂ්" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="චවේෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – වෙල්ෂ්" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="වෙල්ෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඩැනිශ්" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ඩැනිශ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ජර්මන්" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ජර්මන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijeria" title="Naijeria – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Naijeria" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicerya" title="Nicerya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nicerya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – පහළ සෝබියානු" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="පහළ සෝබියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाइजेरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नाइजेरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2582%25DE%25A6%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2596%25DE%25A9%25DE%2583%25DE%25A8%25DE%2587%25DE%25A7" title="ނައިޖީރިއާ – ඩිවෙහි" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނައިޖީރިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ඩිවෙහි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naidzeria" title="Naidzeria – ඉව්" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Naidzeria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ඉව්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259D%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B7%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Νιγηρία – ග්‍රීක" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιγηρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ග්‍රීක" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉංග්‍රීසි" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ඉංග්‍රීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%25C4%259Derio" title="Niĝerio – එස්පැරන්ටෝ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Niĝerio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="එස්පැරන්ටෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ස්පාඤ්ඤ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ස්පාඤ්ඤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeeria" title="Nigeeria – එස්තෝනියානු" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nigeeria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="එස්තෝනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – බාස්ක්" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="බාස්ක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2587" title="نیجریه – පර්සියානු" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیجریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="පර්සියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naajeeriya" title="Naajeeriya – ෆුලාහ්" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Naajeeriya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ෆුලාහ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ෆින්ලන්ත" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ෆින්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeeri%25C3%25A4" title="Nigeeriä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nigeeriä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="විශේෂාංග ලිපි"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ෆාරෝස්" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ෆාරෝස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw%25C9%2594nlint%25C3%25B2" title="Awɔnlintò – ෆොන්" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Awɔnlintò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="ෆොන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ප්‍රංශ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ප්‍රංශ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C2%25B7%25C3%25A8ria" title="Nig·èria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Nig·èria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeeria" title="Nigeeria – උතුරු ෆ්‍රිසියානු" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nigeeria" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="උතුරු ෆ්‍රිසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigearia" title="Nigearia – බටහිර ෆ්‍රිසියානු" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nigearia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="බටහිර ෆ්‍රිසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Nig%25C3%25A9ir" title="An Nigéir – අයර්ලන්ත" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Nigéir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="අයර්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriya" title="Nigeriya – ගගාස්" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Nigeriya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="ගගාස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%2588%25A9%25E4%25BA%259E" title="尼日利亞 – ගැන් චයිනිස්" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="尼日利亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ගැන් චයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%25C3%25A9rya" title="Nijérya – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Nijérya" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25ACgeiria" title="Nìgeiria – ස්කොට්ටිශ් ගෙලික්" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nìgeiria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ස්කොට්ටිශ් ගෙලික්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixeria" title="Nixeria – ගැලීසියානු" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nixeria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ගැලීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nih%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nihéria – ගුවාරනි" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Nihéria" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ගුවාරනි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25A8%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%2587%25E0%25AA%259C%25E0%25AB%2580%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="નાઇજીરિયા – ගුජරාටි" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાઇજીરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ගුජරාටි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijilia" title="Naijilia – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Naijilia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Naigeer" title="Yn Naigeer – මැන්ක්ස්" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Naigeer" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="මැන්ක්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najeriya" title="Najeriya – හෝසා" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Najeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="හෝසා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – හකා චයිනිස්" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="හකා චයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="ניגריה – හීබෲ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="හීබෲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाईजीरिया – හින්දි" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाईजीरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="හින්දි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – කෝඒෂියානු" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="කෝඒෂියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – ඉහළ සෝබියානු" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ඉහළ සෝබියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijerya" title="Nijerya – හයිටි" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nijerya" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="හයිටි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – හන්ගේරියානු" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="හන්ගේරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2586%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A3%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Նիգերիա – ආර්මේනියානු" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիգերիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ආර්මේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2586%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B3%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Նիճերիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիճերիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉන්ටලින්ගුආ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ඉන්ටලින්ගුආ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉන්දුනීසියානු" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ඉන්දුනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijiria" title="Naijiria – ඉග්බෝ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Naijiria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ඉග්බෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitchiriaq" title="Naitchiriaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Naitchiriaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉලොකො" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ඉලොකො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – ඉන්ගුෂ්" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ඉන්ගුෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉඩො" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ඉඩො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25ADger%25C3%25ADa" title="Nígería – අයිස්ලන්ත" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nígería" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="අයිස්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉතාලි" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ඉතාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%258A%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25B8%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2" title="ナイジェリア – ජපන්" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナイジェリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ජපන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijiiria" title="Naijiiria – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Naijiiria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nixerias" title="nixerias – ලොජ්බන්" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nixerias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ලොජ්බන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – ජාවා" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ජාවා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ნიგერია – ජෝර්ජියානු" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიგერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ජෝර්ජියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriya" title="Nigeriya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nigeriya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijirya" title="Nijirya – කාබිල්" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nijirya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="කාබිල්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naajeeriya" title="Naajeeriya – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Naajeeriya" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijeriya" title="Naijeriya – ට්යප්" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Naijeriya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ට්යප්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizeria" title="Nizeria – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nizeria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – කිකුයු" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="කිකුයු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – කසාඛ්" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="කසාඛ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2593%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%25A0%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259F%2589%25E1%259E%25B6" title="នីហ្សេរីយ៉ា – කමර්" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នីហ្សេរីយ៉ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="කමර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%2588%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B3%2580%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF" title="ನೈಜೀರಿಯ – කණ්ණඩ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೈಜೀರಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="කණ්ණඩ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2582%2598%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%25A7%2580%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2595%2584" title="나이지리아 – කොරියානු" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이지리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="කොරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="نائیجیریا – කාෂ්මීර්" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نائیجیریا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="කාෂ්මීර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25AEjerya" title="Nîjerya – කුර්දි" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîjerya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="කුර්දි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijeri" title="Nijeri – කෝනීසියානු" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nijeri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="කෝනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – කිර්ගිස්" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="කිර්ගිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ලතින්" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ලතින්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijeria" title="Nijeria – ලඩිනො" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Nijeria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ලඩිනො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ලක්සැම්බර්ග්" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ලක්සැම්බර්ග්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – ලෙස්ගියන්" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ලෙස්ගියන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijeria" title="Nijeria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nijeria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ගන්ඩා" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ගන්ඩා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ලිම්බර්ගිශ්" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ලිම්බර්ගිශ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizeria" title="Nizeria – ලින්ගලා" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nizeria" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ලින්ගලා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – ලිතුවේනියානු" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ලිතුවේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigereja" title="Nigereja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Nigereja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C4%2593rija" title="Nigērija – ලැට්වියානු" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nigērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ලැට්වියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – මදුරීස්" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="මදුරීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигэрия – මොක්ශා" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Нигэрия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="මොක්ශා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizeri%25C3%25A0" title="Nizerià – මලගාසි" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nizerià" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="මලගාසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%25C4%2581itiria" title="Ngāitiria – මාවොරි" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ngāitiria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="මාවොරි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – මිනන්ග්කබාවු" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="මිනන්ග්කබාවු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Нигерија – මැසිඩෝනියානු" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нигерија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="මැසිඩෝනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B4%259C%25E0%25B5%2580%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="നൈജീരിയ – මලයාලම්" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൈജീരിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="මලයාලම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – මොංගෝලියානු" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="මොංගෝලියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2585%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%25A2%25EA%25AF%2596%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯅꯥꯢꯖꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ – මනිපුරි" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯥꯢꯖꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="මනිපුරි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – මොස්සි" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="මොස්සි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नायजेरिया – මරාති" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नायजेरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="මරාති" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – මැලේ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="මැලේ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%25C4%25A1erja" title="Niġerja – මොල්ටිස්" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Niġerja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="මොල්ටිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – මිරන්ඩීස්" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="මිරන්ඩීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="နိုင်ဂျီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – බුරුම" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ဂျီးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="බුරුම" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – එර්ස්යා" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="එර්ස්යා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="نیجریا – මැසන්ඩරනි" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیجریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="මැසන්ඩරනි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – පහළ ජර්මන්" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="පහළ ජර්මන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – පහළ සැක්සන්" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="පහළ සැක්සන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाइजेरिया – නේපාල" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाइजेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="නේපාල" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नाइजेरिया – නෙවාරි" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाइजेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="නෙවාරි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ලන්දේසි" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ලන්දේසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – නෝර්වීජියානු නයිනෝර්ස්ක්" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="නෝර්වීජියානු නයිනෝර්ස්ක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – නොදර්න් සොතො" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="නොදර්න් සොතො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakaii_%25C5%2581izhinii_Bi%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9z%25C3%25AD_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Naakaii Łizhinii Biʼéénézí Bikéyah – නවාජො" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakaii Łizhinii Biʼéénézí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="නවාජො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A8ria" title="Nigèria – ඔසිටාන්" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nigèria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ඔසිටාන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerii" title="Nigerii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nigerii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naayijeeriyaa" title="Naayijeeriyaa – ඔරොමෝ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Naayijeeriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ඔරොමෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Нигери – ඔසිටෙක්" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нигери" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ඔසිටෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2588%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2586" title="ਨਾਈਜੀਰੀਆ – පන්ජාබි" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਈਜੀਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="පන්ජාබි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – පන්පන්ග" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="පන්පන්ග" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – පපියමෙන්ටො" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="පපියමෙන්ටො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naija" title="Naija – නෛජීරියන් පෙන්ගින්" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Naija" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="නෛජීරියන් පෙන්ගින්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नैजीरिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नैजीरिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niijiirya" title="Niijiirya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Niijiirya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – පෝලන්ත" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="පෝලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="نائیجیریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نائیجیریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25DB%2590%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="نايجېريا – පෂ්ටො" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نايجېريا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="පෂ්ටො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – පෘතුගීසි" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="පෘතුගීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihirya" title="Nihirya – ක්වීචුවා" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihirya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ක්වීචුවා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – රොමේනියානු" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="රොමේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerie" title="Nigerie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Nigerie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – රුසියානු" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="රුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D2%2591%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Ніґерія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ніґерія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijeriya" title="Nijeriya – කින්යර්වන්ඩා" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Nijeriya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="කින්යර්වන්ඩා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="नैजीरिया – සංස්කෘත" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नैजीरिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="සංස්කෘත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – සඛා" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="සඛා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%25A1%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ – සෑන්ටලි" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="සෑන්ටලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A8ria" title="Nigèria – සාර්ඩිනිඅන්" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nigèria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="සාර්ඩිනිඅන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – සිසිලියන්" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="සිසිලියන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeirie" title="Nigeirie – ස්කොට්ස්" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nigeirie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ස්කොට්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="نائيجيريا – සින්ධි" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نائيجيريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="සින්ධි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – උතුරු සාමි" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="උතුරු සාමි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizer%25C3%25AFa" title="Nizerïa – සන්ග්‍රෝ" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Nizerïa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="සන්ග්‍රෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijirya" title="Nijirya – ටචේල්හිට්" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Nijirya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ටචේල්හිට්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2581%25A2%25E1%2582%2586%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="မိူင်းၼၢႆႇၵျီးရီးယႃး – ශාන්" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၼၢႆႇၵျီးရီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ශාන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – ස්ලෝවැක්" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ස්ලෝවැක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerija" title="Nigerija – ස්ලෝවේනියානු" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nigerija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ස්ලෝවේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – සෑමොඅන්" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="සෑමොඅන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඉනාරි සාමි" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ඉනාරි සාමි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijeriya" title="Naijeriya – ශෝනා" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Naijeriya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ශෝනා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayjeeriya" title="Nayjeeriya – සෝමාලි" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nayjeeriya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="සෝමාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ඇල්බේනියානු" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ඇල්බේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Нигерија – සර්බියානු" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нигерија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="සර්බියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INayijeriya" title="INayijeriya – ස්වති" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INayijeriya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ස්වති" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – සතර්න් සොතො" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="සතර්න් සොතො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nigéria – සන්ඩනීසියානු" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="සන්ඩනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ස්වීඩන්" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ස්වීඩන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ස්වාහිලි" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ස්වාහිලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2583igeryjo" title="Ńigeryjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ńigeryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%259C%25E0%25AF%2580%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="நைஜீரியா – දෙමළ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைஜீரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="දෙමළ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%2588%25E0%25B0%259C%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25BE" title="నైజీరియా – තෙළිඟු" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నైజీరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="තෙළිඟු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%25C3%25A9ria" title="Nijéria – ටේටම්" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Nijéria" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ටේටම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – ටජික්" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ටජික්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="ประเทศไนจีเรีย – තායි" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไนจีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="තායි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%2593%25E1%258B%25AD%25E1%258C%2582%25E1%2588%25AA%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ናይጂሪያ – ටිග්‍රින්යා" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ናይጂሪያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ටිග්‍රින්යා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeri%25C3%25BDa" title="Nigeriýa – ටර්ක්මෙන්" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nigeriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ටර්ක්මෙන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerij%25C9%2599" title="Nigerijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Nigerijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naijiria" title="Naijiria – ටොක් පිසින්" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Naijiria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ටොක් පිසින්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijerya" title="Nijerya – තුර්කි" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nijerya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="තුර්කි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ටරොකො" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="ටරොකො" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayjeriya" title="Nayjeriya – සොන්ග" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nayjeriya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="සොන්ග" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – ටාටර්" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ටාටර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="හොඳ ලිපි"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – ටුම්බුකා" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ටුම්බුකා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Нигерия – අඩ්මර්ට්" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нигерия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="අඩ්මර්ට්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2589%25DA%25AF%25DB%2590%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="نىگېرىيە – උයිගර්" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىگېرىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="උයිගර්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D1%2596%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Нігерія – යුක්රේනියානු" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нігерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="යුක්රේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="نائیجیریا – උර්දු" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نائیجیریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="උර්දු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriya" title="Nigeriya – උස්බෙක්" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nigeriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="උස්බෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niz%25C3%25A8ria" title="Nizèria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nizèria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerii" title="Nigerii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nigerii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – වියට්නාම්" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="වියට්නාම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriy%25C3%25A4n" title="Nigeriyän – වොලපූක්" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nigeriyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="වොලපූක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidjeria" title="Nidjeria – වෑලූන්" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nidjeria" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="වෑලූන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – වොරෙය්" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="වොරෙය්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niseeriya" title="Niseeriya – වොලොෆ්" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Niseeriya" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="වොලොෆ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%2588%25A9%25E4%25BA%259A" title="尼日利亚 – වූ චයිනිස්" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼日利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="වූ චයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INigeria" title="INigeria – ශෝසා" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="INigeria" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ශෝසා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ნიგერია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიგერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2592%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="ניגעריע – යිඩිශ්" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניגעריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="යිඩිශ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="හොඳ ලිපි"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25A0%25C3%25ACj%25C3%25ADr%25C3%25AD%25C3%25A0" title="Nàìjíríà – යොරූබා" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nàìjíríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="යොරූබා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niheria" title="Niheria – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Niheria" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%258A%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%2594%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ – සම්මත මොරොක්කෝ ටමසිග්ත්" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="සම්මත මොරොක්කෝ ටමසිග්ත්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A5%2588%25E5%258F%258A%25E5%2588%25A9%25E4%25BA%259E" title="奈及利亞 – චීන" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奈及利亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="චීන" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%2588%25A9%25E4%25BA%259E" title="尼日利亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="尼日利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria – මින් නන් චයිනිස්" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nigeria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="මින් නන් චයිනිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%2588%25A9%25E4%25BA%259E" title="尼日利亞 – කැන්ටොනීස්" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="尼日利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="කැන්ටොනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INigeria" title="INigeria – සුලු" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INigeria" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="සුලු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-si.svg" alt="විකිපීඩියා" width="105" 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