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class="double-column svelte-uu1q0n" data-svelte-h="svelte-xbhcl">•</span> <a href="/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-13/" class="next button svelte-uu1q0n"><span class="double-column svelte-uu1q0n" data-svelte-h="svelte-f609xm">Next</span></a> <span class="double-column svelte-uu1q0n" data-svelte-h="svelte-1wkqfb1">›</span> <label for="show-toc" class="single-column" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4>Contents</label> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <main data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <div class="center split" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <input type="checkbox" id="show-toc" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <div class="split-side" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <nav class="sidebar" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <ul class="root" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G12284" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 1 Devanagari </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G5526" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Devanagari: U+0900–U+097F</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G22251" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Principles of the Devanagari Script</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G78484" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Rendering Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G672573" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>4 Devanagari Digits, Punctuation, and Symbols</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G672550" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>5 Extensions in the Main Devanagari Block</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G667447" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>6 Devanagari Extended: U+A8E0–U+A8FF</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G744869" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>7 Devanagari Extended-A: U+11B00–U+11B5F</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G667459" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>8 Vedic Extensions: U+1CD0–U+1CFF</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G664195" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 2 Bengali (Bangla) </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11121" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Bengali: U+0980–U+09FF</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G668388" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 3 Gurmukhi </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11128" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Gurmukhi: U+0A00–U+0A7F</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G34334" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 4 Gujarati </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11129" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Gujarati: U+0A80–U+0AFF</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G10153" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 5 Oriya (Odia) </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11130" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Oriya: U+0B00–U+0B7F</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G10162" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 6 Tamil </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11132" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Tamil: U+0B80–U+0BFF</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G73010" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Tamil Vowels</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G80547" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Tamil Ligatures</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G736036" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>4 Tamil Supplement: U+11FC0–U+11FFF</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G82005" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>5 Tamil Named Character Sequences</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G81985" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 7 Telugu </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11137" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Telugu: U+0C00–U+0C7F</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G38298" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 8 Kannada </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G11138" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Kannada: U+0C80–U+0CFF</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G30434" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Principles of the Kannada Script</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G30452" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Rendering Kannada</a> </li> </ul> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G22346" class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> 9 Malayalam </a> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G664887" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Malayalam: U+0D00–U+0D7F</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G697568" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Malayalam Orthographic Reform</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G694049" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Rendering Malayalam</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G697492" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>4 Malayalam Numbers and Punctuation</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <hr data-astro-cid-og2xway5><ul class="root" data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <span class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>Figures</span> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G58467" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Dead Consonants in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G14565" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Conjunct Formations in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G726758" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Multi-Consonant Conjuncts in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G14632" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>4 Preventing Conjunct Forms in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G14703" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>5 Half-Consonants in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G14772" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>6 Independent Half-Forms in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G79954" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>7 Half-Consonants in Oriya</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G59257" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>8 Consonant Forms in Devanagari and Oriya</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G15617" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>9 Rendering Order in Devanagari</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G664375" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>10 Use of Apostrophe in Bodo, Dogri and Maithili</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G672488" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>11 Use of Avagraha in Dogri</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G72800" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>12 Requesting Bangla Consonant-Vowel Ligature</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G72828" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>13 Blocking Bangla Consonant-Vowel Ligature</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G673141" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>14 Bangla Syllable tta</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G745718" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>15 Kssa Ligature in Tamil</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G708222" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>16 Tamil Vowel Reordering</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G74906" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>17 Tamil Two-Part Vowels</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G707830" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>18 Tamil Vowel Splitting and Reordering</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G74944" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>19 Vowel Reordering Around a Tamil Conjunct</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G734644" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>20 Confusable Vowels in Tamil</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G76531" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>21 Tamil Ligatures with i</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G74041" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>22 Spacing Forms of Tamil u</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G75141" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>23 Tamil Ligatures with ra</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G724113" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>24 Tamil Ligatures for shri</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G681005" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>25 Traditional Tamil Ligatures with aa</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G75392" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>26 Traditional Tamil Ligatures with o</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G686844" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>27 Traditional Tamil Ligatures with ai</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G75075" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>28 Vowel ai in Modern Tamil</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G701836" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>29 Indicating Retroflexion in Badaga Vowels</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <span class="primary" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>Tables</span> <ul data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G672982" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>1 Devanagari Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G726380" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>2 Devanagari Atomic Consonants</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G727223" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>3 Devanagari Consonant Conjuncts</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G63004" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>4 Sample Devanagari Half-Forms</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G690572" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>5 Sample Devanagari Ligatures</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G698734" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>6 RA + Vocalic Letter Ligature Forms</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G698814" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>7 Sample Devanagari Half-Ligature Forms</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G700689" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>8 Marathi and Nepali Allographs</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G685037" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>9 Devanagari Vowels Used in Bihari Languages</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G668898" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>10 Prishthamatra Orthography</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G683217" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>11 Bangla Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G701076" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>12 Diphthong Vowel Letters in Kokborok</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G694995" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>13 Assamese Consonant-Vowel Combinations</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G79529" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>14 Bangla Consonant-Vowel Combinations</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G670335" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>15 Use of Apostrophe in Bangla</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G69536" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>16 Gurmukhi Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G71179" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>17 Gurmukhi Conjuncts</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G85156" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>18 Additional Pairin and Addha Forms in Gurmukhi</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G77571" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>19 Use of Joiners in Gurmukhi</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G683531" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>20 Gujarati Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G36454" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>21 Gujarati Conjuncts</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G72149" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>22 Oriya Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G36569" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>23 Oriya Conjuncts</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G56937" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>24 Oriya Vowel Placement</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G693243" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>25 Ligation for the Syllable om</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G734091" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>26 Tamil Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G707055" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>27 Tamil Ligatures with u</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G734367" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>28 Confusable Tamil Digits</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G664412" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>29 Tamil Vowels, Consonants, and Syllables</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G699614" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>30 Telugu Vowels</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G70975" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>31 Kannada Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G697643" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>32 Malayalam Vowel Letters</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G666463" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>33 Malayalam Orthographic Reform</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G666894" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>34 Malayalam Conjuncts</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G694221" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>35 Candrakkala Examples</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G706410" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>36 Use of Joiners in Malayalam</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G739017" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>37 Malayalam Conjuncts Involving Chillus</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G699522" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>38 Malayalam /ṟaṟa/ and /ṯṯa/</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G667292" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>39 Malayalam /ṉṟa/ and /ṉṯa/</a> </li><li data-astro-cid-og2xway5> <a href="#G701954" data-astro-cid-og2xway5>40 Legacy Encoding of Malayalam Chillus</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="split-main" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <div class="margin-wrapper" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <hgroup class="svelte-gmxeh4"><span id="G12281" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G12281" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><p class="number svelte-gmxeh4">Chapter 12</p> <h1 data-number="12" class="svelte-gmxeh4">South and Central Asia-I</h1> <p class="subtitle svelte-gmxeh4">Official Scripts of India</p></span> </hgroup> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-u1j0k">The scripts of South Asia share so many common features that a side-by-side comparison of a few will often reveal structural similarities even in the modern letterforms. With minor historical exceptions, they are written from left to right. They are all <i>abugidas</i> in which most symbols stand for a consonant plus an inherent vowel (usually the sound /a/). Word-initial vowels in many of these scripts have distinct symbols, and word-internal vowels are usually written by juxtaposing a vowel sign in the vicinity of the affected consonant. Absence of the inherent vowel, when that occurs, is frequently marked with a special sign. In the Unicode Standard, this sign is denoted by the Sanskrit word <i>virāma</i>. In some languages, another designation is preferred. In Hindi, for example, the word <i>hal</i> refers to the character itself, and <i>halant</i> refers to the consonant that has its inherent vowel suppressed; in Tamil, the word <i>puḷḷi</i> is used. The virama sign nominally serves to suppress the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is applied; it is a combining character, with its shape varying from script to script.</p> <p>Most of the scripts of South Asia, from north of the Himalayas to Sri Lanka in the south, from Pakistan in the west to the easternmost islands of Indonesia, are derived from the ancient Brahmi script. The oldest lengthy inscriptions of India, the edicts of Ashoka from the third century <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BCE</span>, were written in two scripts, Kharoshthi and Brahmi. These are both ultimately of Semitic origin, probably deriving from Aramaic, which was an important administrative language of the Middle East at that time. Kharoshthi, written from right to left, was supplanted by Brahmi and its derivatives. The descendants of Brahmi spread with myriad changes throughout the subcontinent and outlying islands. There are said to be some 200 different scripts deriving from it. By the eleventh century, the modern script known as Devanagari was in ascendancy in India proper as the major script of Sanskrit literature.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-pdj5cr">The North Indian branch of scripts was, like Brahmi itself, chiefly used to write Indo-European languages such as Pali and Sanskrit, and eventually the Hindi, Bangla, and Gujarati languages, though it was also the source for scripts for non-Indo-European languages such as Tibetan, Mongolian, and Lepcha.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-u7dfl5">The South Indian scripts are also derived from Brahmi and, therefore, share many structural characteristics. These scripts were first used to write Pali and Sanskrit but were later adapted for use in writing non-Indo-European languages—namely, the languages of the Dravidian family of southern India and Sri Lanka. Because of their use for Dravidian languages, the South Indian scripts developed many characteristics that distinguish them from the North Indian scripts. South Indian scripts were also exported to southeast Asia and were the source of scripts such as Tai Tham (Lanna) and Myanmar, as well as the insular scripts of the Philippines and Indonesia.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1i1ny7a">The shapes of letters in the South Indian scripts took on a quite distinct look from the shapes of letters in the North Indian scripts. Some scholars suggest that this occurred because writing materials such as palm leaves encouraged changes in the way letters were written.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-13kgo6d">The major official scripts of India proper, including Devanagari, are documented in this chapter. They are all encoded according to a common plan, so that comparable characters are in the same order and relative location. This structural arrangement, which facilitates transliteration to some degree, is based on the Indian national standard (ISCII) encoding for these scripts.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-d6rfv9">The first six columns in each script are isomorphic with the ISCII-1988 encoding, except that the last 11 positions (U+0955..U+095F in Devanagari, for example), which are unassigned or undefined in ISCII-1988, are used in the Unicode encoding. The seventh column in each of these scripts, along with the last 11 positions in the sixth column, represent additional character assignments in the Unicode Standard that are matched across some or all of the scripts. For example, positions U+xx66..U+xx6F and U+xxE6..U+xxEF code the Indic script digits for each script. The eighth column for each script is reserved for script-specific additions that do not correspond from one Indic script to the next.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-povris">While the arrangement of the encoding for the scripts of India is based on ISCII, this does not imply that the rendering behavior of South Indian scripts in particular is the same as that of Devanagari or other North Indian scripts. Implementations should ensure that adequate attention is given to the actual behavior of those scripts; they should not assume that they work just as Devanagari does. Each block description in this chapter describes the most important aspects of rendering for a particular script as well as unique behaviors it may have.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1qx8ph1">Many of the character names in this group of scripts represent the same sounds, and common naming conventions are used for the scripts of India.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G12284" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G12284" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1 Devanagari</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G5526" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5526" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.1 Devanagari: U+0900–U+097F</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-r3algr">The Devanagari script is used for writing classical Sanskrit and its modern historical derivative, Hindi. Extensions to the Sanskrit repertoire are used to write other related languages of India (such as Marathi) and of Nepal (Nepali). In addition, the Devanagari script is used to write the following languages: Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhatneri, Bhili, Bihari, Braj Bhasha, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, Gondi (Betul, Chhindwara, and Mandla dialects), Harauti, Ho, Jaipuri, Kachchhi, Kanauji, Konkani, Kului, Kumaoni, Kurku, Kurukh, Marwari, Mundari, Newari, Palpa, and Santali.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1r37aac">All other Indic scripts, as well as the Sinhala script of Sri Lanka, the Tibetan script, and the Southeast Asian scripts, are historically connected with the Devanagari script as descendants of the ancient Brahmi script. The entire family of scripts shares a large number of structural features.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1vznioi">The principles of the Indic scripts are covered in some detail in this introduction to the Devanagari script. The remaining introductions to the Indic scripts are abbreviated but highlight any differences from Devanagari where appropriate.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5530" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5530" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Standards.</span></span> The Devanagari block of the Unicode Standard is based on ISCII-1988 (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange). The ISCII standard of 1988 differs from and is an update of earlier ISCII standards issued in 1983 and 1986.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-h29h8w">The Unicode Standard encodes Devanagari characters in the same relative positions as those coded in positions A0–F4<sub>16</sub> in the ISCII-1988 standard. The same character code layout is followed for eight other Indic scripts in the Unicode Standard: Bengali/Bangla, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. This parallel code layout emphasizes the structural similarities of the Brahmi scripts and follows the stated intention of the Indian coding standards to enable one-to-one mappings between analogous coding positions in different scripts in the family. Sinhala, Tibetan, Thai, Lao, Khmer, Myanmar, and other scripts depart to a greater extent from the Devanagari structural pattern, so the Unicode Standard does not attempt to provide any direct mappings for these scripts to the Devanagari order.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-vpyjho">In November 1991, at the time <i>The Unicode Standard, Version 1.0,</i> was published, the Bureau of Indian Standards published a new version of ISCII in Indian Standard (IS) 13194:1991. This new version partially modified the layout and repertoire of the ISCII-1988 standard. Because of these events, the Unicode Standard does not precisely follow the layout of the current version of ISCII. Nevertheless, the Unicode Standard remains a superset of the ISCII-1991 repertoire. Modern, non-Vedic texts encoded with ISCII-1991 may be automatically converted to Unicode code points and back to their original encoding without loss of information. The Vedic extension characters defined in IS 13194:1991 <i>Annex G—Extended Character Set for Vedic</i> are now fully covered by the Unicode Standard, but the conversions between ISCII and Unicode code points in some cases are more complex than for modern texts.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5534" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5534" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Encoding Principles.</span></span> The writing systems that employ Devanagari and other Indic scripts constitute <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1aqni3q">abugidas</i>—a cross between syllabic writing systems and alphabetic writing systems. The effective unit of these writing systems is the orthographic syllable, consisting of a consonant and vowel <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">(CV)</span> core and, optionally, one or more preceding consonants, with a canonical structure of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">(((C)C)C)V</span>. The orthographic syllable need not correspond exactly with a phonological syllable, especially when a consonant cluster is involved, but the writing system is built on phonological principles and tends to correspond quite closely to pronunciation.</p> <p>The orthographic syllable is built up of alphabetic pieces, the actual letters of the Devanagari script. These pieces consist of three distinct character types: consonant letters, independent vowels, and dependent vowel signs. In a text sequence, these characters are stored in logical (phonetic) order. Consonant letters by themselves constitute a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> unit, where the <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> is an <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1e2ii3t">inherent</i> vowel, whose exact phonetic value may vary by writing system. Independent vowels also constitute a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> unit, where the <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> is considered to be null.</p> <p>A dependent vowel sign is used to represent a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> in <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> units where <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> is not null and <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> is not the inherent vowel. <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> units are not represented by sequences of a consonant followed by virama followed by independent vowel. In some cases, a phonological diphthong (such as Hindi <span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA U+0913 ओ DEVANAGARI LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 4188 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1426,1346L1532,1162L610,1162L503,1346L1426,1346ZM1051,85L1051,1311L1238,1311L1238,-25L1051,85ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /><path transform="translate(1422)" d="M298,1346L405,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L298,1346ZM559,1346L665,1162L257,1162L150,1346L559,1346ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(1977)" d="M317,1063L190,1276Q247,1316 313.5,1337Q380,1358 472,1358Q515,1358 575,1335.5Q635,1313 698.5,1272.5Q762,1232 815,1179Q865,1130 895.5,1078Q926,1026 926,977Q926,896 875,836.5Q824,777 746.5,738Q669,699 589,680Q509,661 450,661L339,852Q404,852 473,869Q542,886 601,918.5Q660,951 697,998Q734,1045 734,1105Q734,1131 724.5,1152Q715,1173 710,1178Q704,1185 681.5,1194Q659,1203 636,1203Q587,1203 524.5,1178.5Q462,1154 405.5,1121.5Q349,1089 317,1063ZM668,798L738,868Q798,835 857.5,772Q917,709 957,633Q997,557 997,486Q997,327 899,250Q801,173 655,173Q583,173 499.5,221.5Q416,270 334.5,345.5Q253,421 183,504.5Q113,588 68,658L120,702Q224,539 333.5,447.5Q443,356 564,356Q634,356 695,391Q756,426 794,484.5Q832,543 832,612Q832,704 812,723Q794,741 668,798ZM718,824L759,870Q788,845 840,810Q892,775 956.5,749Q1021,723 1085,723Q1162,723 1232,768Q1302,813 1334,882L1395,607Q1365,567 1307.5,544.5Q1250,522 1192,522Q1162,522 1112,546Q1062,570 1003,607.5Q944,645 886.5,686.5Q829,728 784,765Q739,802 718,824ZM1308,1346L1416,1162L1008,1162L900,1346L1308,1346ZM1667,1346L1774,1162L1367,1162L1259,1346L1667,1346ZM1300,85L1300,1344L1487,1344L1487,-25L1300,85ZM1879,1346L1986,1162L1578,1162L1471,1346L1879,1346ZM2215,1346L2321,1162L1957,1162L1849,1346L2215,1346ZM1840,85L1840,1344L2027,1344L2027,-25L1840,85ZM1994,1282L1928,1282Q1882,1341 1821.5,1412Q1761,1483 1692,1547.5Q1623,1612 1553,1653.5Q1483,1695 1419,1695Q1355,1695 1295,1655L1151,1859Q1221,1904 1292,1904Q1368,1904 1448.5,1859Q1529,1814 1608,1741.5Q1687,1669 1759.5,1585Q1832,1501 1892,1421Q1952,1341 1994,1282Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">जाओ</span></span></span> /jāo/) is actually written as two orthographic <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> units, where the second of these units is an independent vowel letter, whose <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> is considered to be null.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G22251" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G22251" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.2 Principles of the Devanagari Script</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G22248" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G22248" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Devanagari Characters.</span></span> Devanagari characters, like characters from many other scripts, can combine or change shape depending on their context. A character’s appearance is affected by its ordering with respect to other characters, the font used to render the character, and the application or system environment. These variables can cause the appearance of Devanagari characters to differ from their nominal glyphs (used in the code charts).</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1nvk2ty">Additionally, a few Devanagari characters cause a change in the order of the displayed characters. This reordering is not commonly seen in non-Indic scripts and occurs independently of any bidirectional character reordering that might be required.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5540" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5540" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Letters.</span></span> Each consonant letter represents a single consonantal sound but also has the peculiarity of having an <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12onipe">inherent vowel</i>, generally the short vowel /a/ in Devanagari and the other Indic scripts. Thus <span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0915 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER KA</span></span> represents not just /k/ but also /ka/. In the presence of a dependent vowel, however, the inherent vowel associated with a consonant letter is overridden by the dependent vowel.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-pjms2y">Consonant letters may also be rendered as <i>half-forms</i>, which are presentation forms used within an orthographic syllable to depict initial consonants in a consonant cluster. These half-forms do not have an inherent vowel. Their rendered forms in Devanagari often resemble the full consonant but are missing the vertical stem, which marks a syllabic core. The stem glyph is graphically and historically related to the sign denoting the inherent /a/ vowel, as discussed later in this section.</p> <p>Some Devanagari consonant letters have alternative presentation forms whose choice depends on neighboring consonants. This variability is especially notable for <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0930 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER RA</span></span>, which has numerous different forms, both as the initial element and as the final element of a consonant cluster. Only the nominal forms, rather than the contextual alternatives, are depicted in the code charts.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-33x6kx">The traditional Sanskrit/Devanagari alphabetic encoding order for consonants follows articulatory phonetic principles, starting with velar consonants and moving forward to bilabial consonants, followed by liquids and then fricatives. ISCII and the Unicode Standard both observe this traditional order.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5545" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5545" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Independent Vowel Letters.</span></span> The independent vowels in Devanagari are letters that stand on their own. The writing system treats independent vowels as orthographic <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> syllables in which the consonant is null. The independent vowel letters are used to write syllables that start with a vowel.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5547" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5547" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Dependent Vowel Signs (Matras).</span></span> The dependent vowels serve as the common manner of writing noninherent vowels and are generally referred to as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1usabp">vowel signs</i>, or as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-az6gmg">matras</i> in Sanskrit. The dependent vowels do not stand alone; rather, they are visibly depicted in combination with a base letterform. A single consonant or a consonant cluster may have a dependent vowel applied to it to indicate the vowel quality of the syllable, when it is different from the inherent vowel. Explicit appearance of a dependent vowel in a syllable overrides the inherent vowel of a single consonant letter.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1nfgx1s">The greatest variation among different Indic scripts is found in the way that the dependent vowels are applied to base letterforms. Devanagari has a collection of nonspacing dependent vowel signs that may appear above or below a consonant letter, as well as spacing dependent vowel signs that may occur to the right or to the left of a consonant letter or consonant cluster. Other Indic scripts generally have one or more of these forms, but what is a nonspacing mark in one script may be a spacing mark in another. Also, some of the Indic scripts have single dependent vowels that are indicated by two or more glyph components—and those glyph components may <i>surround</i> a consonant letter both to the left and to the right or may occur both above and below it.</p> <p>In modern usage the Devanagari script has only one character denoting a left-side dependent vowel sign: <span title="U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I" class="svelte-wim892">U+093F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I</span></span>. In the historic Prishthamatra orthography, Devanagari also made use of one additional left-side dependent vowel sign: <span title="U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E" class="svelte-wim892">U+094E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E</span></span>. Other Indic scripts either have no such vowel signs (Telugu and Kannada) or include as many as three of these signs (Bengali/Bangla, Tamil, and Malayalam).</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72023" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72023" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G672982" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-1</a> shows vowel letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G672982" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672982" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-1.</span> Devanagari Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table style="--glyph-font-size: 1.25em;"><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0904 ऄ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 692 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M706,539L557,539L557,-17L537,-17L480,50L480,270Q443,255 375,255Q376,242 376,229Q376,170 338.5,135.5Q301,101 243,101Q160,101 103,179Q53,245 42,333L66,333Q78,269 116,222Q161,168 221,168Q261,168 289.5,193Q318,218 318,257Q318,295 286,319.5Q254,344 215,344Q196,344 160,336L105,400Q172,405 226,425Q304,455 304,506Q304,534 279,551Q258,566 229,566Q173,566 85,518L42,580Q112,608 176,608Q246,608 292,575Q344,537 344,470Q344,398 252,363Q332,326 385,326Q437,326 458.5,346.5Q480,367 480,419L480,539L406,539L352,608L529,608Q528,673 499.5,701.5Q471,730 406,730Q389,730 353.5,726.5Q318,723 300,723Q240,723 199.5,760Q159,797 159,856L159,886L185,886Q185,841 203,821.5Q221,802 265,802Q284,802 321.5,806Q359,810 378,810Q454,810 505,767Q561,721 558,647L557,608L706,608L706,539Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऄ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-175v341">0904</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-yzuena"><0905, 0946></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0906 आ DEVANAGARI LETTER AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M923,608L923,539L774,539L774,-18L756,-18L698,50L698,539L558,539L558,-18L536,-18L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339,134Q301,99 244,99Q175,99 116,163.5Q57,228 42,332L67,332Q82,254 126,210Q170,166 226,166Q261,166 290,192.5Q319,219 319,257Q319,294 283,320Q250,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q176,404 228,423Q306,453 306,504Q306,533 281,551Q259,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,539 342,472Q342,426 318,402.5Q294,379 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346.5Q483,371 483,413L483,539L408,539L353,608L923,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">आ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-truseb">0906</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1xbtf1o"><0905, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0908 ई DEVANAGARI LETTER II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 533 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M546,608L546,539L356,539L368,408L216,408Q119,408 119,348Q119,324 135.5,305.5Q152,287 176,286Q181,285 240.5,298Q300,311 322,311Q350,312 393.5,261Q437,210 437,180Q437,115 327,43L486,-116L456,-116L303,36Q272,23 240,22Q199,21 164,48.5Q129,76 129,116Q129,137 140,151.5Q151,166 170,166Q211,166 268,101Q315,101 351.5,133.5Q388,166 389,207Q389,229 373.5,245Q358,261 336,262Q319,263 277,250.5Q235,238 216,238Q163,238 116.5,288Q70,338 70,391Q70,456 178,456L307,456L307,539L-2,539L-2,608L322,608Q201,696 201,782Q201,837 236,865Q268,892 323,892Q403,892 509,783L493,763Q413,830 353,831Q316,832 291,807Q266,782 266,744Q266,677 359,608L546,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ई</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-8tuex9">0908</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1q75pfq"><0930, 094D, 0907></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+090A ऊ DEVANAGARI LETTER UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 713 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M726,608L726,539L363,539Q423,492 423,426Q423,345 331,302Q368,279 390,251Q438,290 457,302Q500,328 536,329Q588,330 627.5,284Q667,238 667,178Q667,100 589,12L533,68Q621,169 621,236Q621,278 588,278Q520,278 426,179Q428,152 428,144Q428,82 376,45Q330,12 266,12Q143,12 33,254L47,273Q137,80 247,79Q295,78 329.5,109.5Q364,141 364,189Q364,263 303,294Q284,286 222,286Q188,286 151,290L136,366Q156,362 221,362Q267,362 300,368Q330,376 356.5,403.5Q383,431 383,456Q383,506 329,539L-2,539L-2,608L726,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऊ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17avas6">090A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-7arykr"><0909, 0941></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+090D ऍ DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 611 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M623,608L623,539L476,539L476,282Q476,241 396,169L344,221Q398,274 398,296L398,539L178,539L178,196Q178,179 180,173Q182,164 226,139L446,12Q576,-63 576,-123Q576,-177 496,-186L466,-146Q485,-146 501,-133Q517,-120 519,-101Q519,-56 404,10L166,148Q125,171 113,192.5Q101,214 101,262L101,539L-2,539L-2,608L623,608ZM491,854L541,854Q542,832 543,800Q543,684 460,683Q391,683 338,752Q294,809 278,884L304,884Q316,818 358,773.5Q400,729 441,729Q492,729 493,809Q493,813 491,854Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऍ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18oxyk1">090D</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-lo803y"><090F, 0945></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+090E ऎ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 611 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M623,608L623,539L476,539L476,282Q476,241 396,169L344,221Q398,274 398,296L398,539L178,539L178,196Q178,179 180,173Q182,164 226,139L446,12Q576,-63 576,-123Q576,-177 496,-186L466,-146Q485,-146 501,-133Q517,-120 519,-101Q519,-56 404,10L166,148Q125,171 113,192.5Q101,214 101,262L101,539L-2,539L-2,608L623,608ZM80,896L107,896Q107,850 124.5,831Q142,812 187,812Q201,812 242,816L300,820Q376,820 428,776Q482,729 480,657L479,608L451,608Q451,677 423.5,708.5Q396,740 328,740Q309,740 277,736Q230,733 221,733Q162,733 121,770Q80,807 80,866L80,896Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऎ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-gizt1u">090E</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-okmz23"><090F, 0946></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0910 ऐ DEVANAGARI LETTER AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 611 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M623,608L623,539L476,539L476,282Q476,241 396,169L344,221Q398,274 398,296L398,539L178,539L178,196Q178,179 180,173Q182,164 226,139L446,12Q576,-63 576,-123Q576,-177 496,-186L466,-146Q485,-146 501,-133Q517,-120 519,-101Q519,-56 404,10L166,148Q125,171 113,192.5Q101,214 101,262L101,539L-2,539L-2,608L422,608L332,729Q275,806 182,806L87,806L72,886L116,886Q249,886 341,760L452,608L623,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऐ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lmsf64">0910</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-pwskxs"><090F, 0947></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0911 ऑ DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M923,608L923,539L774,539L774,-18L756,-18L698,50L698,539L558,539L558,-18L536,-18L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339,134Q301,99 244,99Q175,99 116,163.5Q57,228 42,332L67,332Q82,254 126,210Q170,166 226,166Q261,166 290,192.5Q319,219 319,257Q319,294 283,320Q250,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q176,404 228,423Q306,453 306,504Q306,533 281,551Q259,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,539 342,472Q342,426 318,402.5Q294,379 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346.5Q483,371 483,413L483,539L408,539L353,608L923,608ZM789,854L839,854Q839,832 841,800Q841,684 758,683Q690,683 636,752Q591,810 576,884L602,884Q612,830 647,783Q688,729 739,729Q790,729 791,809Q791,813 789,854Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऑ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-12r3muf">0911</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4w7jko"><0905, 0949> or <0906, 0945></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0912 ऒ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M922,608L922,539L774,539L774,-14L756,-14L698,54L698,539L557,539L557,-14L539,-14L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339,134Q301,99 244,99Q175,99 116,163.5Q57,228 42,332L67,332Q82,254 126,210Q170,166 226,166Q261,166 290,192.5Q319,219 319,257Q319,294 283,320Q250,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q176,404 228,423Q306,453 306,504Q306,533 281,551Q259,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,539 342,472Q342,426 318,402.5Q294,379 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346.5Q483,371 483,413L483,539L408,539L352,608L922,608ZM350,896L377,896Q377,850 394.5,831Q412,812 457,812Q471,812 512,816L570,820Q646,820 698,776Q752,729 750,657L749,608L721,608Q721,677 693.5,708.5Q666,740 598,740Q579,740 547,736Q500,733 491,733Q432,733 391,770Q350,807 350,866L350,896Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऒ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-13y5shy">0912</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1sp6ohh"><0905, 094A> or <0906, 0946></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0913 ओ DEVANAGARI LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M922,608L922,539L774,539L774,-14L756,-14L698,54L698,539L557,539L557,-14L539,-14L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339,134Q301,99 244,99Q175,99 116,163.5Q57,228 42,332L67,332Q82,254 126,210Q170,166 226,166Q261,166 290,192.5Q319,219 319,257Q319,294 283,320Q250,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q176,404 228,423Q306,453 306,504Q306,533 281,551Q259,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,539 342,472Q342,426 318,402.5Q294,379 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346.5Q483,371 483,413L483,539L408,539L352,608L726,608Q646,700 604,736Q522,806 448,806L352,806L316,889L390,889Q470,889 538,836Q613,776 754,608L922,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ओ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-pd8ftt">0913</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1w9l84b"><0905, 094B> or <0906, 0947></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0914 औ DEVANAGARI LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M922,608L922,539L774,539L774,-17L756,-17L698,50L698,539L558,539L558,-14L538,-14L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339,134Q301,99 244,99Q175,99 116,163.5Q57,228 42,332L67,332Q82,254 126,210Q170,166 226,166Q261,166 290,192.5Q319,219 319,257Q319,294 283,320Q250,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q176,404 228,423Q306,453 306,504Q306,533 281,551Q259,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,539 342,472Q342,426 318,402.5Q294,379 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346.5Q483,371 483,413L483,539L408,539L352,608L716,608Q624,675 532,677Q490,677 457,671L438,756Q441,756 452,756Q463,757 471,757Q572,757 721,632Q683,816 551,816Q541,816 534,814L494,892L562,892Q648,892 697,787Q720,738 749,608L922,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">औ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-qk5buw">0914</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zuwymh"><0905, 094C> or <0906, 0948></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0972 ॲ DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 692 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M569,854L619,854Q619,832 621,800Q621,684 538,683Q470,683 416,752Q371,810 356,884L382,884Q392,830 427,783Q468,729 519,729Q570,729 571,809Q571,813 569,854ZM557,608L706,608L706,539L557,539L557,-17L537,-17L480,50L480,270Q443,255 375,255Q376,242 376,229Q376,170 338.5,135.5Q301,101 243,101Q160,101 103,179Q53,245 42,333L66,333Q78,269 116,222Q161,168 221,168Q261,168 289.5,193Q318,218 318,257Q318,295 286,319.5Q254,344 215,344Q196,344 160,336L105,400Q172,405 226,425Q304,455 304,506Q304,534 279,551Q258,566 229,566Q173,566 85,518L42,580Q112,608 176,608Q246,608 292,575Q344,537 344,470Q344,398 252,363Q332,326 385,326Q437,326 458.5,346.5Q480,367 480,419L480,539L406,539L352,608L557,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॲ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-mwokyc">0972</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1i6fydf"><0905, 0945></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0973 ॳ DEVANAGARI LETTER OE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 692 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M706,608L706,539L557,539L557,-17L537,-17L480,50L480,270Q445,256 374,256Q374,247 377,229Q377,171 339.5,136Q302,101 243,101Q160,101 103,178Q53,244 42,333L67,333Q79,269 117,223Q161,169 221,169Q261,169 289.5,193.5Q318,218 318,257Q318,296 287,320Q256,344 216,344Q199,344 160,336L106,400Q174,405 226,425Q304,454 304,506Q304,534 281,550Q258,566 229,566Q174,566 86,517L42,580Q109,608 176,608Q245,608 291,574Q344,536 344,470Q345,399 252,363Q331,326 386,326Q438,326 459,346.5Q480,367 480,419L480,539L406,539L352,608L706,608ZM482,588L482,762L557,762L557,596L538,596L482,588Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॳ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1v1hacj">0973</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ix0cvs"><0905, 093A></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0974 ॴ DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M923,608L923,539L774,539L774,-18L756,-18L698,50L698,539L558,539L558,-18L536,-18L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339.5,134Q302,99 244,99Q163,99 104,178Q55,244 42,332L67,332Q80,264 118,219Q162,166 226,166Q263,166 291,193Q319,220 319,257Q319,295 283,320Q251,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q178,404 228,423Q306,452 306,504Q306,534 281,551Q260,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,540 342,472Q342,429 317,402Q298,381 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346Q483,370 483,413L483,539L408,539L353,608L923,608ZM699,588L699,762L774,762L774,596L755,596L699,588Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॴ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8ecaq">0974</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-hunn79"><0905, 093B> or <0906, 093A></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0975 ॵ DEVANAGARI LETTER AW"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 910 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M923,608L923,539L774,539L774,-18L756,-18L698,50L698,539L558,539L558,-18L536,-18L483,48L483,271Q440,256 406,256L377,256L377,226Q377,169 339.5,134Q302,99 244,99Q163,99 104,178Q55,244 42,332L67,332Q80,264 118,219Q162,166 226,166Q263,166 291,193Q319,220 319,257Q319,295 283,320Q251,343 211,343Q186,343 161,333L108,398Q178,404 228,423Q306,452 306,504Q306,534 281,551Q260,566 229,566Q191,566 87,517L43,579Q110,608 176,608Q246,608 291,576Q342,540 342,472Q342,429 317,402Q298,381 253,362Q337,324 386,323Q429,322 456,346Q483,370 483,413L483,539L408,539L353,608L923,608ZM567,1035L592,1022Q570,981 576.5,956Q583,931 623,911Q621,912 674,889L727,866Q793,838 821,768Q847,703 812,639L789,595L763,608Q795,669 785,710Q775,751 715,782Q710,784 669,802Q636,815 617,825Q564,852 545,903.5Q526,955 554,1008L567,1035ZM309,798L336,804Q346,759 367.5,744.5Q389,730 432,740Q429,739 485,756L541,773Q609,793 675,758Q737,725 752,654L762,606L735,600Q720,667 686,691.5Q652,716 586,701Q580,700 537,686Q505,675 483,670Q425,657 377,684Q329,711 316,769L309,798Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-15c36g1">0975</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17wxw0m"><0905, 094F></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0976 ॶ DEVANAGARI LETTER UE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 692 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M706,539L557,539L557,-17L537,-17L480,50L480,270Q445,256 374,256Q374,247 377,229Q377,171 339.5,136Q302,101 243,101Q160,101 103,178Q53,244 42,333L67,333Q79,269 117,223Q161,169 221,169Q261,169 289.5,193.5Q318,218 318,257Q318,296 287,320Q256,344 216,344Q199,344 160,336L106,400Q174,405 226,425Q304,454 304,506Q304,534 281,550Q258,566 229,566Q174,566 86,517L42,580Q109,608 176,608Q245,608 291,574Q344,536 344,470Q345,399 252,363Q331,326 386,326Q438,326 459,346.5Q480,367 480,419L480,539L406,539L352,608L706,608L706,539ZM526,-46Q480,-133 381,-133Q282,-133 236,-46L266,-46Q312,-98 381,-97Q450,-97 496,-46L526,-46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॶ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-16j5ifc">0976</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-u3ak9z"><0905, 0956></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0977 ॷ DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 692 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M706,539L557,539L557,-17L537,-17L480,50L480,270Q445,256 374,256Q374,247 377,229Q377,171 339.5,136Q302,101 243,101Q160,101 103,178Q53,244 42,333L67,333Q79,269 117,223Q161,169 221,169Q261,169 289.5,193.5Q318,218 318,257Q318,296 287,320Q256,344 216,344Q199,344 160,336L106,400Q174,405 226,425Q304,454 304,506Q304,534 281,550Q258,566 229,566Q174,566 86,517L42,580Q109,608 176,608Q245,608 291,574Q344,536 344,470Q345,399 252,363Q331,326 386,326Q438,326 459,346.5Q480,367 480,419L480,539L406,539L352,608L706,608L706,539ZM526,-46Q480,-133 381,-133Q282,-133 236,-46L266,-46Q312,-98 381,-97Q450,-97 496,-46L526,-46ZM526,-118Q480,-205 381,-205Q282,-205 236,-118L266,-118Q312,-170 381,-169Q450,-169 496,-118L526,-118Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॷ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-fmuihz">0977</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-6niubs"><0905, 0957></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G668687" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G668687" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Virama (Halant).</span></span> Devanagari employs a sign known in Sanskrit as the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> or vowel omission sign. In Hindi, it is called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-6i72f7">hal</i> or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lyr7l6">halant</i>, and that term is used in referring to the virama or to a consonant with its vowel suppressed by the virama. The terms are used interchangeably in this section.</p> <p>The virama sign, <span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+094D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, nominally serves to cancel (or kill) the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is applied. When a consonant has lost its inherent vowel by the application of virama, it is known as a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-bcrwlt">dead consonant</i>; in contrast, a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-xvcm9">live consonant</i> is one that retains its inherent vowel or is written with an explicit dependent vowel sign. In the Unicode Standard, a dead consonant is defined as a sequence consisting of a consonant letter followed by a virama. The default rendering for a dead consonant is to position the virama as a combining mark bound to the consonant letterform.</p> <p>For example, if <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> denotes the nominal form of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span>, and <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> denotes the dead consonant form, then a dead consonant is encoded as shown in <a href="#G58467" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-1</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G58467" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G58467" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-1.</span> Dead Consonants in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-o86ruh"><td>TA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>TA<sub>d</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>It could be assumed that a dead consonant may be combined with a vowel letter or sign to represent a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> orthographic syllable. Some non-Unicode implementations have used this approach; however, this is not done in implementations of the Unicode Standard. Instead, a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> orthographic syllable is represented with a (live) consonant followed by a dependent vowel. A dead consonant should not be followed either by an independent vowel letter or by a dependent vowel sign in an attempt to create an alternative representation of a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> orthographic syllable.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G725949" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G725949" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Atomic Representation of Consonant Letters.</span></span> Consonant letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. In particular, consonant half forms are dead-consonant forms that often resemble a full consonant form minus a vertical stem. This vertical stem is visually similar to the vowel sign denoting /ā/, <span title="U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA</span></span>. <a href="#G726380" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-2</a> shows atomic consonant letters in Devanagari that could be graphically analyzed this way, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G726380" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G726380" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-2.</span> Devanagari Atomic Consonants</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table style="--glyph-font-size: 1.25em;"><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1732 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1269,22Q1223,5 1156,-7Q1089,-19 1004,-19Q845,-19 720,36Q595,91 488.5,197Q382,303 285.5,459Q189,615 87,816L220,892Q258,820 291.5,789.5Q325,759 366,759Q400,759 425.5,778Q451,797 467.5,827.5Q484,858 492.5,897Q501,936 501,975Q501,1020 491,1069Q481,1118 464,1166Q447,1214 424.5,1259.5Q402,1305 377,1343L377,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1767,1491L1767,1344L1557,1344L1557,0L1393,0L1393,486L1389,487Q1334,433 1267,407Q1200,381 1134,381Q1052,381 983,415Q914,449 864,505Q814,561 786,633Q758,705 758,782Q758,855 783.5,923Q809,991 854.5,1043.5Q900,1096 962.5,1127Q1025,1158 1100,1158Q1143,1158 1182,1148Q1221,1138 1257,1120Q1293,1102 1326,1077.5Q1359,1053 1389,1025L1393,1026L1393,1344L552,1344Q603,1247 632,1154.5Q661,1062 661,968Q661,904 645,841Q629,778 595.5,727Q562,676 510,642Q458,608 386,602L386,597Q455,462 530.5,374.5Q606,287 684,236Q762,185 840.5,165Q919,145 994,145Q1079,145 1147,162.5Q1215,180 1269,202L1269,22ZM1394,839Q1376,862 1349.5,891.5Q1323,921 1289.5,947Q1256,973 1215.5,990.5Q1175,1008 1128,1008Q1080,1008 1041.5,988.5Q1003,969 975,937Q947,905 932,862.5Q917,820 917,774Q917,726 933,682.5Q949,639 977.5,606Q1006,573 1046,553.5Q1086,534 1134,534Q1171,534 1216.5,548Q1262,562 1301.5,594Q1341,626 1367.5,679Q1394,732 1394,810L1394,839Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ख</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-d6aarm">0916</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18scpxg"><0916, 094D, 093E>, <0916, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1277 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1312,1344L1102,1344L1102,0L938,0L938,1344L487,1344L487,568Q487,552 485,531Q483,510 475.5,490.5Q468,471 454,457.5Q440,444 415,444Q388,444 355.5,461.5Q323,479 289,507.5Q255,536 223.5,572Q192,608 167,646Q142,684 127,720Q112,756 112,784Q112,809 124.5,824Q137,839 159.5,847Q182,855 214.5,857Q247,859 286,859L321,859L321,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1312,1491L1312,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1q2btm5">0917</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-icjpa8"><0917, 094D, 093E>, <0917, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1315 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1350,1344L1140,1344L1140,0L976,0L976,386L972,387Q891,299 806,263Q721,227 633,227Q552,227 483,253.5Q414,280 363.5,327.5Q313,375 284.5,441Q256,507 256,587Q256,659 283.5,721Q311,783 380,837L379,841Q320,856 274,887Q228,918 196.5,960.5Q165,1003 148.5,1054Q132,1105 132,1159Q132,1204 143.5,1254.5Q155,1305 180,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1350,1491L1350,1344ZM349,1344Q320,1308 306,1261Q292,1214 292,1172Q292,1128 307,1089.5Q322,1051 351.5,1022Q381,993 424,976Q467,959 523,959Q566,959 605.5,966.5Q645,974 671,981L698,827Q682,825 655,819Q628,813 596.5,801.5Q565,790 532.5,771.5Q500,753 474,726Q448,699 431.5,662Q415,625 415,577Q415,531 430.5,494.5Q446,458 474,432.5Q502,407 540.5,393.5Q579,380 626,380Q693,380 749,405.5Q805,431 849,468.5Q893,506 925,549.5Q957,593 976,628L976,1344L349,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1yte8r8">0918</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ygomuc"><0918, 094D, 093E>, <0918, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+091A च DEVANAGARI LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1385 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1420,1344L1210,1344L1210,0L1044,0L1044,421L1040,424Q985,374 932.5,345.5Q880,317 834.5,302.5Q789,288 752,284Q715,280 691,280Q599,280 528,309Q457,338 409,385.5Q361,433 336,494.5Q311,556 311,622Q311,691 339.5,759Q368,827 429,881L428,885L111,885L111,1032L915,1032L915,885L812,885Q709,885 643,858Q577,831 539,792Q501,753 486.5,708.5Q472,664 472,628Q472,598 482,563.5Q492,529 515.5,500Q539,471 578.5,452Q618,433 678,433Q741,433 795.5,453.5Q850,474 896,507Q942,540 979.5,581.5Q1017,623 1044,664L1044,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1420,1491L1420,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">च</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1nwl28n">091A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-164xcv4"><091A, 094D, 093E>, <091A, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1533 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1568,1344L1358,1344L1358,0L1194,0L1194,868L872,868L871,864Q883,850 907,821.5Q931,793 955,751.5Q979,710 997,657.5Q1015,605 1015,544Q1015,483 994.5,423.5Q974,364 933.5,316.5Q893,269 831,240Q769,211 687,211Q606,211 538.5,239.5Q471,268 415.5,316Q360,364 316,427Q272,490 237.5,560.5Q203,631 177.5,703.5Q152,776 134,842.5Q116,909 105,965Q94,1021 88,1058L236,1087Q269,907 316.5,771.5Q364,636 422,545Q480,454 547,408.5Q614,363 687,363Q739,363 771,383.5Q803,404 821,433.5Q839,463 845.5,494.5Q852,526 852,549Q852,590 835.5,636.5Q819,683 787.5,729.5Q756,776 709,819Q662,862 601,897L601,1014L1194,1014L1194,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1568,1491L1568,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1aikle9">091C</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-se5hew"><091C, 094D, 093E>, <091C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1568 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M671,80L671,75Q717,25 768,-16.5Q819,-58 866.5,-90Q914,-122 954.5,-144Q995,-166 1021,-177L950,-302Q887,-269 824.5,-225Q762,-181 703.5,-133Q645,-85 593.5,-35Q542,15 501,60Q415,68 355.5,91Q296,114 258.5,146Q221,178 204,215Q187,252 187,287Q187,312 195.5,335Q204,358 220.5,375Q237,392 261.5,402Q286,412 318,412Q352,412 390.5,400Q429,388 466,364Q503,340 537,303.5Q571,267 597,218Q722,239 786,302.5Q850,366 850,469Q850,509 839.5,534Q829,559 808,573Q787,587 755.5,591.5Q724,596 682,596L407,596Q333,596 279,627.5Q225,659 189.5,707.5Q154,756 137,814.5Q120,873 120,927Q120,986 139,1025.5Q158,1065 191,1088.5Q224,1112 269.5,1122Q315,1132 368,1132L717,1132L717,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1603,1491L1603,1344L1393,1344L1393,0L1229,0L1229,600L1225,601Q1196,582 1169.5,570Q1143,558 1116.5,551Q1090,544 1062,541.5Q1034,539 1002,539Q1008,506 1008,469Q1008,398 988,336Q968,274 927,223.5Q886,173 822.5,136.5Q759,100 671,80ZM881,985L410,985Q335,985 307,964Q279,943 279,896Q279,874 285,848.5Q291,823 307,801.5Q323,780 350.5,765.5Q378,751 421,751L700,751Q785,751 843.5,731Q902,711 938,674Q975,674 1010,676.5Q1045,679 1080,689.5Q1115,700 1152,720.5Q1189,741 1229,777L1229,1344L881,1344L881,985Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">झ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-hq5i48">091D</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-k1qf78"><091D, 094D, 093E>, <091D, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1619 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,799L424,938Q490,986 569,1014.5Q648,1043 727,1043Q800,1043 862,1017.5Q924,992 969.5,947Q1015,902 1042,841.5Q1069,781 1073,711Q1145,711 1194.5,731Q1244,751 1280,781L1280,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1654,1491L1654,1344L1444,1344L1444,0L1280,0L1280,605L1275,606Q1252,592 1229.5,583Q1207,574 1180.5,568.5Q1154,563 1123,560.5Q1092,558 1052,558Q1033,505 999.5,462.5Q966,420 920.5,389Q875,358 818.5,341.5Q762,325 697,325Q596,325 506.5,364Q417,403 340.5,466.5Q264,530 200.5,611.5Q137,693 88,777L211,863Q261,779 316.5,708.5Q372,638 432,586Q492,534 556.5,505Q621,476 689,476Q743,476 785,494Q827,512 856,543Q885,574 900.5,615Q916,656 916,703Q916,743 904,777.5Q892,812 869.5,837.5Q847,863 814.5,877Q782,891 741,891Q706,891 673,882Q640,873 610,859.5Q580,846 554,830Q528,814 508,799Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-x4pkib">091E</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1afr1y0"><091E, 094D, 093E>, <091E, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0923 ण DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1518 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1553,1344L1343,1344L1343,0L1179,0L1179,1344L931,1344L931,725Q931,621 902.5,546Q874,471 824.5,422Q775,373 709,349.5Q643,326 567,326Q482,326 413.5,353Q345,380 297,433Q249,486 223,564.5Q197,643 197,745L197,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1553,1491L1553,1344ZM363,1344L363,714Q363,668 373.5,625.5Q384,583 407.5,550Q431,517 469.5,497Q508,477 564,477Q621,477 659.5,497Q698,517 722,550Q746,583 756.5,625.5Q767,668 767,714L767,1344L363,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ण</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rrbcrq">0923</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-z7fh74"><0923, 094D, 093E>, <0923, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1253 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1288,1344L1078,1344L1078,0L915,0L915,878L590,878Q523,878 469,869.5Q415,861 377,835.5Q339,810 318.5,764.5Q298,719 298,645Q298,549 329.5,468Q361,387 410,319.5Q459,252 518.5,195Q578,138 633,90L533,-24Q524,-19 490.5,5.5Q457,30 412.5,72Q368,114 318.5,174Q269,234 227.5,309.5Q186,385 158.5,476Q131,567 131,672Q131,776 160.5,844.5Q190,913 244,953.5Q298,994 375,1010Q452,1026 547,1026L915,1026L915,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1288,1491L1288,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1hmepz">0924</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-11tiv3c"><0924, 094D, 093E>, <0924, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0925 थ DEVANAGARI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1305 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M641,1186Q641,1114 623,1048Q605,982 569,926.5Q533,871 479.5,827.5Q426,784 354,756Q369,688 396,640.5Q423,593 460,562Q497,531 542,517Q587,503 637,503Q737,503 822.5,549Q908,595 966,676L966,1491L1340,1491L1340,1344L1130,1344L1130,0L966,0L966,468L962,469Q936,447 900,425.5Q864,404 820.5,387.5Q777,371 727,360.5Q677,350 623,350Q511,350 431.5,393.5Q352,437 298.5,508Q245,579 214.5,669.5Q184,760 171,855Q259,873 318.5,907Q378,941 414,985.5Q450,1030 465.5,1081.5Q481,1133 481,1186Q481,1274 446.5,1318.5Q412,1363 360,1363Q314,1363 286,1332Q258,1301 258,1253Q258,1244 260,1231Q262,1218 270,1201.5Q278,1185 294,1164.5Q310,1144 337,1121L248,1012Q202,1037 173,1067.5Q144,1098 128,1130Q112,1162 106,1192.5Q100,1223 100,1249Q100,1297 116.5,1343.5Q133,1390 166,1427.5Q199,1465 249,1488Q299,1511 366,1511Q433,1511 484,1487Q535,1463 570,1420Q605,1377 623,1317.5Q641,1258 641,1186Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">थ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-qou5o4">0925</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-wxzyf0"><0925, 094D, 093E>, <0925, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1298 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M488,1153Q499,1169 508.5,1193.5Q518,1218 518,1249Q518,1277 508,1298Q498,1319 482.5,1332Q467,1345 447,1351.5Q427,1358 407,1358Q383,1358 359.5,1348.5Q336,1339 317.5,1318Q299,1297 287,1264.5Q275,1232 275,1187Q275,1138 289.5,1094.5Q304,1051 334.5,1018.5Q365,986 411.5,967Q458,948 523,948Q568,948 606,955.5Q644,963 672,970L699,816Q683,814 656,808.5Q629,803 597.5,791.5Q566,780 533.5,762Q501,744 475,717.5Q449,691 432.5,655Q416,619 416,571Q416,526 431,491Q446,456 473,431Q500,406 538,393Q576,380 621,380Q685,380 739,404Q793,428 836,463.5Q879,499 910,540Q941,581 959,615L959,1491L1333,1491L1333,1344L1123,1344L1123,0L959,0L959,374L955,375Q918,334 877,306Q836,278 793.5,260.5Q751,243 708,235Q665,227 625,227Q546,227 478.5,253Q411,279 362,326Q313,373 285,437.5Q257,502 257,580Q257,652 284.5,712Q312,772 381,826L380,830Q312,848 262.5,885Q213,922 180.5,970Q148,1018 132,1074.5Q116,1131 116,1188Q116,1258 138.5,1317Q161,1376 201.5,1419Q242,1462 297,1486.5Q352,1511 418,1511Q487,1511 536.5,1487Q586,1463 617.5,1426Q649,1389 664,1344.5Q679,1300 679,1260Q679,1232 673,1205Q667,1178 658,1154Q649,1130 638.5,1110Q628,1090 619,1076L488,1153Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ध</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zfv1e">0927</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-3phk28"><0927, 094D, 093E>, <0927, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1244 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1279,1344L1069,1344L1069,0L904,0L904,771L436,771Q436,705 434.5,658Q433,611 426,580.5Q419,550 405,536Q391,522 366,522Q314,522 267.5,556Q221,590 185.5,638Q150,686 129,738Q108,790 108,826Q108,858 122,876Q136,894 159,903Q182,912 211.5,914Q241,916 271,916L904,916L904,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1279,1491L1279,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19quyyr">0928</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-cyqxt4"><0928, 094D, 093E>, <0928, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0929 ऩ DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1244 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1279,1344L1069,1344L1069,0L904,0L904,771L436,771Q436,705 434.5,658Q433,611 426,580.5Q419,550 405,536Q391,522 366,522Q314,522 267.5,556Q221,590 185.5,638Q150,686 129,738Q108,790 108,826Q108,858 122,876Q136,894 159,903Q182,912 211.5,914Q241,916 271,916L904,916L904,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1279,1491L1279,1344Z" /><path transform="translate(765 550)" d="M-323,-264Q-323,-207 -289.5,-171.5Q-256,-136 -202,-136Q-177,-136 -154.5,-146Q-132,-156 -115,-173.5Q-98,-191 -88.5,-214.5Q-79,-238 -79,-266Q-79,-323 -112.5,-358Q-146,-393 -200,-393Q-226,-393 -248.5,-383.5Q-271,-374 -287.5,-356.5Q-304,-339 -313.5,-315.5Q-323,-292 -323,-264Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऩ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1rdx5zk">0929</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lq00xp"><0929, 094D, 093E>, <0929, 094D, 200D, 093E>,<br> <0928, 093C, 094D, 093E>, <0928, 093C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+092A प DEVANAGARI LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1233 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1268,1344L1058,1344L1058,0L893,0L893,478L889,479Q822,419 739,393.5Q656,368 575,368Q489,368 418,393Q347,418 296,469.5Q245,521 216.5,599.5Q188,678 188,786L188,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1268,1491L1268,1344ZM893,1344L350,1344L350,795Q350,732 360.5,682Q371,632 396.5,597Q422,562 464,543.5Q506,525 569,525Q672,525 755,573.5Q838,622 893,701L893,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">प</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-dxzxeg">092A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-po6j5w"><092A, 094D, 093E>, <092A, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1276 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1311,1344L1101,1344L1101,0L937,0L937,354L933,355Q911,336 881.5,316Q852,296 813.5,279Q775,262 727,251Q679,240 621,240Q512,240 422,278.5Q332,317 267.5,381.5Q203,446 167,529.5Q131,613 131,704Q131,796 167,875Q203,954 265.5,1011.5Q328,1069 411,1102Q494,1135 588,1135Q617,1135 657,1130.5Q697,1126 742.5,1111Q788,1096 837,1068.5Q886,1041 933,995L937,996L937,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1311,1491L1311,1344ZM291,688Q291,633 310,580Q329,527 367,485Q405,443 461,417.5Q517,392 592,392Q659,392 720,414L390,910Q344,872 317.5,814Q291,756 291,688ZM941,809Q905,848 867.5,880Q830,912 788,935Q746,958 699.5,971Q653,984 600,984Q577,984 556,981Q535,978 513,973L838,485Q887,529 914,582.5Q941,636 941,687L941,809Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ब</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1n9vb86">092C</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1o28gpc"><092C, 094D, 093E>, <092C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+092D भ DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1468 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1503,1344L1293,1344L1293,0L1129,0L1129,561L604,561L604,418Q604,403 601.5,386Q599,369 591.5,354.5Q584,340 571.5,330.5Q559,321 540,321Q517,321 485.5,335.5Q454,350 420.5,374.5Q387,399 354.5,430.5Q322,462 296.5,496Q271,530 255,564Q239,598 239,627Q239,669 269,688Q299,707 348,707L445,707L445,1256Q445,1308 420,1335.5Q395,1363 357,1363Q315,1363 286.5,1332Q258,1301 258,1253Q258,1244 260,1231Q262,1218 270,1201.5Q278,1185 294,1164.5Q310,1144 337,1121L248,1012Q202,1037 173,1067.5Q144,1098 128,1130Q112,1162 106,1192.5Q100,1223 100,1249Q100,1297 116.5,1343.5Q133,1390 166,1427.5Q199,1465 248.5,1488Q298,1511 364,1511Q422,1511 467,1492Q512,1473 542.5,1437.5Q573,1402 588.5,1352.5Q604,1303 604,1242L604,707L1129,707L1129,1491L1503,1491L1503,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">भ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-30p41j">092D</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1rm9nvs"><092D, 094D, 093E>, <092D, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1379 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1414,1344L1204,1344L1204,0L1040,0L1040,561L490,561L490,442Q490,411 487.5,387Q485,363 476.5,347Q468,331 452.5,322.5Q437,314 411,314Q385,314 353,329.5Q321,345 288,371.5Q255,398 224,431.5Q193,465 168.5,501.5Q144,538 129,574Q114,610 114,640Q114,661 121.5,674.5Q129,688 142.5,695Q156,702 175,704.5Q194,707 218,707L326,707L326,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1414,1491L1414,1344ZM490,1344L490,707L1040,707L1040,1344L490,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">म</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1m7cvqc">092E</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-3r3058"><092E, 094D, 093E>, <092E, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1274 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1309,1344L1099,1344L1099,0L935,0L935,468L931,469Q904,447 866.5,425.5Q829,404 783,387.5Q737,371 684,360.5Q631,350 573,350Q457,350 374.5,392Q292,434 236.5,504.5Q181,575 149,665.5Q117,756 103,854Q169,863 216,885Q263,907 292,937.5Q321,968 334.5,1004Q348,1040 348,1076Q348,1100 343.5,1130Q339,1160 328,1194.5Q317,1229 299,1267Q281,1305 254,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1309,1491L1309,1344ZM431,1344Q467,1283 487.5,1210.5Q508,1138 508,1068Q508,1017 494.5,969Q481,921 453,879.5Q425,838 383.5,805.5Q342,773 287,754Q303,687 331,639.5Q359,592 397,561.5Q435,531 482,517Q529,503 583,503Q635,503 685.5,515Q736,527 781.5,549.5Q827,572 866,604Q905,636 935,676L935,1344L431,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tf15rx">092F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1r8ab8s"><092F, 094D, 093E>, <092F, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1463 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1498,1344L1288,1344L1288,-1L1124,-1L1124,936Q1071,955 1024,955Q977,955 942,937.5Q907,920 883.5,891Q860,862 848,823Q836,784 836,741Q836,724 837.5,706.5Q839,689 841,672L688,672Q680,730 669.5,783Q659,836 639.5,876Q620,916 589,939.5Q558,963 509,963Q462,963 428.5,944Q395,925 373,891Q351,857 340.5,811.5Q330,766 330,713Q330,599 369,508.5Q408,418 474.5,346Q541,274 628.5,217.5Q716,161 813,114L732,-24Q696,-8 639.5,24Q583,56 519.5,103Q456,150 392,213Q328,276 276.5,354Q225,432 193,526Q161,620 161,729Q161,813 185,885.5Q209,958 253.5,1011.5Q298,1065 361,1095.5Q424,1126 501,1126Q559,1126 601,1109.5Q643,1093 673.5,1068.5Q704,1044 724,1015.5Q744,987 759,962L764,963Q783,1005 809.5,1034Q836,1063 867.5,1081Q899,1099 934,1107.5Q969,1116 1004,1116Q1035,1116 1065.5,1110.5Q1096,1105 1124,1095L1124,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1498,1491L1498,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-alal8o">0932</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-2oohfc"><0932, 094D, 093E>, <0932, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1204 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1239,1344L1029,1344L1029,0L865,0L865,357L861,358Q841,339 814,318.5Q787,298 752,281.5Q717,265 673.5,254Q630,243 576,243Q477,243 395.5,281Q314,319 255,382.5Q196,446 163.5,528.5Q131,611 131,701Q131,791 163.5,868.5Q196,946 253,1003Q310,1060 386,1092.5Q462,1125 549,1125Q573,1125 609.5,1121Q646,1117 688,1103Q730,1089 775,1062.5Q820,1036 861,991L865,992L865,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1239,1491L1239,1344ZM869,805Q806,881 732,927.5Q658,974 564,974Q490,974 438.5,946Q387,918 354,875.5Q321,833 306,781Q291,729 291,681Q291,629 308,578Q325,527 358.5,486.5Q392,446 442,420.5Q492,395 559,395Q628,395 685,421.5Q742,448 783,489Q824,530 846.5,581Q869,632 869,680L869,805Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">व</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1a3bn1p">0935</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1hq7074"><0935, 094D, 093E>, <0935, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1602 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M649,800Q631,798 615,796.5Q599,795 582,795Q501,795 435.5,824Q370,853 323.5,902Q277,951 252,1015.5Q227,1080 227,1151Q227,1202 241,1250Q255,1298 285,1340L284,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1637,1491L1637,1344L1427,1344L1427,0L1263,0L1263,1344L886,1344L885,1340Q911,1314 933,1277.5Q955,1241 970.5,1198Q986,1155 995,1108Q1004,1061 1004,1013Q1004,935 979.5,862Q955,789 910.5,724Q866,659 803.5,603.5Q741,548 665,505L665,501Q715,462 772,407.5Q829,353 885,294Q941,235 991,176.5Q1041,118 1077,70L964,-25Q933,14 886,70.5Q839,127 781,188.5Q723,250 655.5,311.5Q588,373 515,423Q479,406 439.5,398Q400,390 361,390Q316,390 274.5,401Q233,412 200.5,433Q168,454 149,484.5Q130,515 130,555Q130,618 176.5,652.5Q223,687 298,687Q353,687 409.5,667.5Q466,648 520,609Q548,615 583,630.5Q618,646 654.5,670.5Q691,695 725.5,728.5Q760,762 787,805Q814,848 830.5,899.5Q847,951 847,1011Q847,1071 829.5,1129Q812,1187 778,1232.5Q744,1278 693,1306Q642,1334 575,1334Q522,1334 487,1317.5Q452,1301 430,1275Q408,1249 399,1217.5Q390,1186 390,1156Q390,1117 404,1079.5Q418,1042 445.5,1012.5Q473,983 514,965Q555,947 608,947Q625,947 649,950L649,800Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1iuji50">0936</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-b6uqy8"><0936, 094D, 093E>, <0936, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1242 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1277,1344L1067,1344L1067,0L903,0L903,482L899,483Q829,423 744.5,395.5Q660,368 575,368Q489,368 418,393Q347,418 296,469.5Q245,521 216.5,599.5Q188,678 188,786L188,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1277,1491L1277,1344ZM801,606L354,1234L350,1233L350,795Q350,732 360.5,682Q371,632 396.5,597Q422,562 464,543.5Q506,525 569,525Q638,525 695.5,545Q753,565 802,601L801,606ZM903,1344L452,1344L452,1341L898,695L903,702L903,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ry85k3">0937</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-kw120o"><0937, 094D, 093E>, <0937, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1475 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1510,1491L1510,1344L1300,1344L1300,0L1134,0L1134,672L555,672Q502,637 428,630L426,625Q523,473 639,342Q755,211 903,99L796,-24Q711,39 634.5,112Q558,185 490.5,263.5Q423,342 364,422.5Q305,503 256,581Q207,659 168,731.5Q129,804 100,866L237,940Q256,896 274.5,866.5Q293,837 312,819.5Q331,802 352,794.5Q373,787 397,787Q466,787 498.5,841Q531,895 531,983Q531,1035 521,1085.5Q511,1136 495.5,1182.5Q480,1229 462,1270Q444,1311 428,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1510,1491ZM1134,1344L601,1344Q643,1253 667,1161Q691,1069 691,978Q691,936 684.5,895.5Q678,855 663,819L665,817L1134,817L1134,1344Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-t557ia">0938</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-11ys1tc"><0938, 094D, 093E>, <0938, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0959 ख़ DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1732 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1269,22Q1223,5 1156,-7Q1089,-19 1004,-19Q845,-19 720,36Q595,91 488.5,197Q382,303 285.5,459Q189,615 87,816L220,892Q258,820 291.5,789.5Q325,759 366,759Q400,759 425.5,778Q451,797 467.5,827.5Q484,858 492.5,897Q501,936 501,975Q501,1020 491,1069Q481,1118 464,1166Q447,1214 424.5,1259.5Q402,1305 377,1343L377,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1767,1491L1767,1344L1557,1344L1557,0L1393,0L1393,486L1389,487Q1334,433 1267,407Q1200,381 1134,381Q1052,381 983,415Q914,449 864,505Q814,561 786,633Q758,705 758,782Q758,855 783.5,923Q809,991 854.5,1043.5Q900,1096 962.5,1127Q1025,1158 1100,1158Q1143,1158 1182,1148Q1221,1138 1257,1120Q1293,1102 1326,1077.5Q1359,1053 1389,1025L1393,1026L1393,1344L552,1344Q603,1247 632,1154.5Q661,1062 661,968Q661,904 645,841Q629,778 595.5,727Q562,676 510,642Q458,608 386,602L386,597Q455,462 530.5,374.5Q606,287 684,236Q762,185 840.5,165Q919,145 994,145Q1079,145 1147,162.5Q1215,180 1269,202L1269,22ZM1394,839Q1376,862 1349.5,891.5Q1323,921 1289.5,947Q1256,973 1215.5,990.5Q1175,1008 1128,1008Q1080,1008 1041.5,988.5Q1003,969 975,937Q947,905 932,862.5Q917,820 917,774Q917,726 933,682.5Q949,639 977.5,606Q1006,573 1046,553.5Q1086,534 1134,534Q1171,534 1216.5,548Q1262,562 1301.5,594Q1341,626 1367.5,679Q1394,732 1394,810L1394,839ZM150,-4Q150,53 183.5,88.5Q217,124 271,124Q296,124 318.5,114Q341,104 358,86.5Q375,69 384.5,45.5Q394,22 394,-6Q394,-63 360.5,-98Q327,-133 273,-133Q247,-133 224.5,-123.5Q202,-114 185.5,-96.5Q169,-79 159.5,-55.5Q150,-32 150,-4Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ख़</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ozp5yj">0959</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1r8prtp"><0959, 094D, 093E>, <0959, 094D, 200D, 093E>,<br> <0916, 093C, 094D, 093E>, <0916, 093C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+095A ग़ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1277 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1312,1344L1102,1344L1102,0L938,0L938,1344L487,1344L487,568Q487,552 485,531Q483,510 475.5,490.5Q468,471 454,457.5Q440,444 415,444Q388,444 355.5,461.5Q323,479 289,507.5Q255,536 223.5,572Q192,608 167,646Q142,684 127,720Q112,756 112,784Q112,809 124.5,824Q137,839 159.5,847Q182,855 214.5,857Q247,859 286,859L321,859L321,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1312,1491L1312,1344ZM468,156Q468,213 501.5,248.5Q535,284 589,284Q614,284 636.5,274Q659,264 676,246.5Q693,229 702.5,205.5Q712,182 712,154Q712,97 678.5,62Q645,27 591,27Q565,27 542.5,36.5Q520,46 503.5,63.5Q487,81 477.5,104.5Q468,128 468,156Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग़</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-16unbn">095A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-92r8g9"><095A, 094D, 093E>, <095A, 094D, 200D, 093E>,<br> <0917, 093C, 094D, 093E>, <0917, 093C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+095B ज़ DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1533 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1568,1344L1358,1344L1358,0L1194,0L1194,868L872,868L871,864Q883,850 907,821.5Q931,793 955,751.5Q979,710 997,657.5Q1015,605 1015,544Q1015,483 994.5,423.5Q974,364 933.5,316.5Q893,269 831,240Q769,211 687,211Q606,211 538.5,239.5Q471,268 415.5,316Q360,364 316,427Q272,490 237.5,560.5Q203,631 177.5,703.5Q152,776 134,842.5Q116,909 105,965Q94,1021 88,1058L236,1087Q269,907 316.5,771.5Q364,636 422,545Q480,454 547,408.5Q614,363 687,363Q739,363 771,383.5Q803,404 821,433.5Q839,463 845.5,494.5Q852,526 852,549Q852,590 835.5,636.5Q819,683 787.5,729.5Q756,776 709,819Q662,862 601,897L601,1014L1194,1014L1194,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1568,1491L1568,1344ZM505,-54Q505,3 538.5,38.5Q572,74 626,74Q651,74 673.5,64Q696,54 713,36.5Q730,19 739.5,-4.5Q749,-28 749,-56Q749,-113 715.5,-148Q682,-183 628,-183Q602,-183 579.5,-173.5Q557,-164 540.5,-146.5Q524,-129 514.5,-105.5Q505,-82 505,-54Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज़</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17fjlte">095B</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rtx4fh"><095B, 094D, 093E>, <095B, 094D, 200D, 093E>,<br> <091C, 093C, 094D, 093E>, <091C, 093C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+095F य़ DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1284 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1309,1344L1099,1344L1099,0L935,0L935,468L931,469Q904,447 866.5,425.5Q829,404 783,387.5Q737,371 684,360.5Q631,350 573,350Q457,350 374.5,392Q292,434 236.5,504.5Q181,575 149,665.5Q117,756 103,854Q169,863 216,885Q263,907 292,937.5Q321,968 334.5,1004Q348,1040 348,1076Q348,1100 343.5,1130Q339,1160 328,1194.5Q317,1229 299,1267Q281,1305 254,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1309,1491L1309,1344ZM431,1344Q467,1283 487.5,1210.5Q508,1138 508,1068Q508,1017 494.5,969Q481,921 453,879.5Q425,838 383.5,805.5Q342,773 287,754Q303,687 331,639.5Q359,592 397,561.5Q435,531 482,517Q529,503 583,503Q635,503 685.5,515Q736,527 781.5,549.5Q827,572 866,604Q905,636 935,676L935,1344L431,1344ZM434,104Q434,161 467.5,196.5Q501,232 555,232Q580,232 602.5,222Q625,212 642,194.5Q659,177 668.5,153.5Q678,130 678,102Q678,45 644.5,10Q611,-25 557,-25Q531,-25 508.5,-15.5Q486,-6 469.5,11.5Q453,29 443.5,52.5Q434,76 434,104Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य़</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1r20vxy">095F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17k3hnh"><095F, 094D, 093E>, <095F, 094D, 200D, 093E>,<br> <092F, 093C, 094D, 093E>, <092F, 093C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0979 ॹ DEVANAGARI LETTER ZHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1533 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1568,1344L1358,1344L1358,0L1194,0L1194,868L872,868L871,864Q883,850 907,821Q931,792 955,751Q979,710 997,657.5Q1015,605 1015,544Q1015,483 993.5,425Q972,367 930,321.5Q888,276 825,248.5Q762,221 680,221Q599,221 532,249Q465,277 410,324Q355,371 311.5,433.5Q268,496 234,565.5Q200,635 175.5,706.5Q151,778 133.5,844Q116,910 105,965.5Q94,1021 88,1058L236,1087Q269,907 315,773Q361,639 418,550Q475,461 541,417Q607,373 680,373Q732,373 765,392Q798,411 817.5,438.5Q837,466 844.5,496Q852,526 852,549Q852,590 835.5,636.5Q819,683 787.5,729.5Q756,776 709,819Q662,862 601,897L601,1014L1194,1014L1194,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1568,1491L1568,1344ZM559,-181Q559,-132 589,-100.5Q619,-69 667,-69Q714,-69 746.5,-100.5Q779,-132 779,-184Q779,-233 748,-263.5Q717,-294 669,-294Q646,-294 626,-285.5Q606,-277 591,-262Q576,-247 567.5,-226.5Q559,-206 559,-181ZM329,49Q329,98 359,129.5Q389,161 437,161Q484,161 516.5,129.5Q549,98 549,46Q549,-3 518,-33.5Q487,-64 439,-64Q416,-64 396,-55.5Q376,-47 361,-32Q346,-17 337.5,3.5Q329,24 329,49ZM789,49Q789,98 819,129.5Q849,161 897,161Q944,161 976.5,129.5Q1009,98 1009,46Q1009,-3 978,-33.5Q947,-64 899,-64Q876,-64 856,-55.5Q836,-47 821,-32Q806,-17 797.5,3.5Q789,24 789,49Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॹ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-njycj9">0979</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-iphn1c"><0979, 094D, 093E>, <0979, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+097A ॺ DEVANAGARI LETTER HEAVY YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1274 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1309,1344L1099,1344L1099,0L935,0L935,468L931,469Q904,447 866.5,425.5Q829,404 783,387.5Q737,371 684,360.5Q631,350 573,350Q457,350 374.5,392Q292,434 236.5,504.5Q181,575 149,665.5Q117,756 103,854Q169,863 216,885Q263,907 292,937.5Q321,968 334.5,1004Q348,1040 348,1076Q348,1100 343.5,1130Q339,1160 328,1194.5Q317,1229 299,1267Q281,1305 254,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1309,1491L1309,1344ZM431,1344Q471,1273 488,1209L935,725L935,1344L431,1344ZM287,754Q303,687 331,639.5Q359,592 397,561.5Q435,531 482,517Q529,503 583,503Q659,503 731.5,527.5Q804,552 869,605L501,993L498,992Q482,909 428,847Q374,785 287,754Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॺ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zay599">097A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zbp3a8"><097A, 094D, 093E>, <097A, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+097B ॻ DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1277 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1102,-24L173,-24L173,123L938,123L938,1344L487,1344L487,568Q487,552 485,531Q483,510 475.5,490.5Q468,471 454,457.5Q440,444 415,444Q388,444 355.5,461.5Q323,479 289,507.5Q255,536 223.5,572Q192,608 167,646Q142,684 127,720Q112,756 112,784Q112,809 124.5,824Q137,839 159.5,847Q182,855 214.5,857Q247,859 286,859L321,859L321,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1312,1491L1312,1344L1102,1344L1102,-24Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॻ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-e2nclg">097B</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1brl8ds"><097B, 094D, 093E>, <097B, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+097C ॼ DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1533 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1358,-24L173,-24L173,123L1194,123L1194,868L872,868L871,864Q883,850 907,821.5Q931,793 955,751.5Q979,710 997,657.5Q1015,605 1015,544Q1015,483 994.5,423.5Q974,364 933.5,316.5Q893,269 831,240Q769,211 687,211Q606,211 538.5,239.5Q471,268 415.5,316Q360,364 316,427Q272,490 237.5,560.5Q203,631 177.5,703.5Q152,776 134,842.5Q116,909 105,965Q94,1021 88,1058L236,1087Q269,907 316.5,771.5Q364,636 422,545Q480,454 547,408.5Q614,363 687,363Q739,363 771,383.5Q803,404 821,433.5Q839,463 845.5,494.5Q852,526 852,549Q852,590 835.5,636.5Q819,683 787.5,729.5Q756,776 709,819Q662,862 601,897L601,1014L1194,1014L1194,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1568,1491L1568,1344L1358,1344L1358,-24Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॼ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-h5pdxv">097C</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ql0byw"><097C, 094D, 093E>, <097C, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+097E ॾ DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1465 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1500,1344L1202,1344L1202,975L701,975Q627,975 598.5,957.5Q570,940 570,900Q570,880 576,858Q582,836 598,817Q614,798 641.5,786Q669,774 712,774L995,774Q1083,774 1143.5,754Q1204,734 1240.5,698.5Q1277,663 1293,615.5Q1309,568 1309,514Q1309,440 1279.5,372Q1250,304 1192,252.5Q1134,201 1047.5,170Q961,139 846,139Q719,139 603,182Q487,225 390,302Q293,379 219.5,485Q146,591 104,716L243,771Q279,676 338.5,589.5Q398,503 475.5,436.5Q553,370 646.5,330.5Q740,291 844,291Q916,291 972.5,306Q1029,321 1069,349Q1109,377 1130,416.5Q1151,456 1151,506Q1151,540 1140,562Q1129,584 1105.5,597Q1082,610 1046,614.5Q1010,619 960,619L698,619Q624,619 570,648.5Q516,678 480.5,724Q445,770 428,825.5Q411,881 411,932Q411,986 430,1022.5Q449,1059 482,1081Q515,1103 560.5,1112.5Q606,1122 659,1122L1038,1122L1038,1344L-35,1344L-35,1491L1500,1491L1500,1344ZM1309,-171L173,-171L173,-24L1309,-24L1309,-171Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॾ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1qhklu9">097E</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-p2ujmw"><097E, 094D, 093E>, <097E, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+097F ॿ DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1231 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1056,-24L188,-24L188,123L892,123L892,388L888,389Q867,370 839,349.5Q811,329 774.5,312Q738,295 692.5,284Q647,273 591,273Q493,273 409,308.5Q325,344 263,405Q201,466 166,547Q131,628 131,719Q131,810 166,886.5Q201,963 261,1018Q321,1073 399.5,1103.5Q478,1134 565,1134Q590,1134 627,1130Q664,1126 707,1111Q750,1096 796.5,1067.5Q843,1039 888,991L892,992L892,1344L-37,1344L-37,1491L1266,1491L1266,1344L1056,1344L1056,-24ZM291,696Q291,650 308.5,602Q326,554 361.5,514.5Q397,475 449,450Q501,425 570,425Q636,425 689,447L380,912Q355,888 338,859.5Q321,831 310.5,802Q300,773 295.5,745.5Q291,718 291,696ZM896,805Q862,845 827,878Q792,911 753,934Q714,957 670,970Q626,983 575,983Q540,983 503,975L803,522Q848,567 872,620.5Q896,674 896,726L896,805Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॿ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-xp5ooo">097F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ks7pi0"><097F, 094D, 093E>, <097F, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1hzat8u">The practice of using atomic consonants to represent letters is recommended. Using a half-form plus stems should be avoided.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G58500" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G58500" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Conjuncts.</span></span> The Indic scripts are noted for a large number of consonant conjunct forms that serve as orthographic abbreviations (ligatures) of two or more adjacent letterforms. This abbreviation takes place only in the context of a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12f996l">consonant cluster</i>. An orthographic consonant cluster is defined as a sequence of characters that represents one or more dead consonants (denoted <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span>) followed by a normal, live consonant letter (denoted <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span>).</p> <p>Under normal circumstances, a consonant cluster is depicted with a conjunct glyph if such a glyph is available in the current font. In the absence of a conjunct glyph, the one or more dead consonants that form part of the cluster are depicted using half-form glyphs. In the absence of half-form glyphs, the dead consonants are depicted using the nominal consonant forms combined with visible virama signs (see <a href="#G14565" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-2</a>).</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G14565" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14565" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-2.</span> Conjunct Formations in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-snf5qu"><td style="font-size: 1rem; font-family: var(--serif);">(1)</td> <td>GA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>DHA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>GA<sub>h</sub> + DHA<sub>n</sub></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 1rem; font-family: var(--serif);">(3)</td> <td>KA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>SSA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>K.SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td></td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1222 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259ZM808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L408,1162L301,1346L1226,1346ZM851,84L851,1336L1039,1336L1039,-25L851,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1185 -48)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1493 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1176,796L1181,468Q1143,422 1094.5,379.5Q1046,337 979,310Q912,283 819,283Q776,283 713.5,301.5Q651,320 583,353.5Q515,387 455.5,433.5Q396,480 359,537Q322,594 322,658Q322,799 402,852.5Q482,906 624,906Q712,906 793.5,879Q875,852 959,799L924,729Q896,739 846.5,747Q797,755 751,755Q702,755 647,728.5Q592,702 553.5,656.5Q515,611 515,554Q515,521 524.5,486.5Q534,452 541,447Q560,432 610.5,421Q661,410 716,410Q796,410 860.5,455Q925,500 975,569Q1025,638 1061.5,712Q1098,786 1122,843L1176,796ZM371,1377Q412,1377 467.5,1349.5Q523,1322 576.5,1278Q630,1234 665.5,1183Q701,1132 701,1085Q701,1013 657.5,978.5Q614,944 536,935Q596,909 672,904L655,787Q619,788 557.5,809.5Q496,831 426.5,868Q357,905 295,953.5Q233,1002 193.5,1058.5Q154,1115 154,1174Q154,1257 206,1317Q258,1377 371,1377ZM530,1221Q526,1224 511.5,1226.5Q497,1229 483,1229Q426,1229 384.5,1190Q343,1151 343,1098Q343,1063 363,1030Q404,1035 446,1057.5Q488,1080 516.5,1112Q545,1144 545,1176Q545,1188 541.5,1201.5Q538,1215 530,1221ZM1250,1346L1358,1162L950,1162L842,1346L1250,1346ZM1496,1346L1604,1162L1186,1162L1078,1346L1496,1346ZM1122,84L1121,1326L1309,1326L1309,-25L1122,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ध</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2183 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M694,1346L801,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L694,1346ZM319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" d="M1176,796L1181,468Q1143,422 1094.5,379.5Q1046,337 979,310Q912,283 819,283Q776,283 713.5,301.5Q651,320 583,353.5Q515,387 455.5,433.5Q396,480 359,537Q322,594 322,658Q322,799 402,852.5Q482,906 624,906Q712,906 793.5,879Q875,852 959,799L924,729Q896,739 846.5,747Q797,755 751,755Q702,755 647,728.5Q592,702 553.5,656.5Q515,611 515,554Q515,521 524.5,486.5Q534,452 541,447Q560,432 610.5,421Q661,410 716,410Q796,410 860.5,455Q925,500 975,569Q1025,638 1061.5,712Q1098,786 1122,843L1176,796ZM371,1377Q412,1377 467.5,1349.5Q523,1322 576.5,1278Q630,1234 665.5,1183Q701,1132 701,1085Q701,1013 657.5,978.5Q614,944 536,935Q596,909 672,904L655,787Q619,788 557.5,809.5Q496,831 426.5,868Q357,905 295,953.5Q233,1002 193.5,1058.5Q154,1115 154,1174Q154,1257 206,1317Q258,1377 371,1377ZM530,1221Q526,1224 511.5,1226.5Q497,1229 483,1229Q426,1229 384.5,1190Q343,1151 343,1098Q343,1063 363,1030Q404,1035 446,1057.5Q488,1080 516.5,1112Q545,1144 545,1176Q545,1188 541.5,1201.5Q538,1215 530,1221ZM1250,1346L1358,1162L950,1162L842,1346L1250,1346ZM1496,1346L1604,1162L1186,1162L1078,1346L1496,1346ZM1122,84L1121,1326L1309,1326L1309,-25L1122,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्ध</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1567 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1251,919L1261,672Q1203,611 993,611Q919,611 814,640Q709,669 601,717Q551,685 492,637.5Q433,590 390.5,538.5Q348,487 348,443Q348,400 359,367Q370,334 380,323Q388,316 423.5,308Q459,300 512,300Q547,300 578.5,309Q610,318 632,331Q618,362 607.5,393Q597,424 597,451Q597,481 614.5,500.5Q632,520 675,520Q696,520 734.5,497Q773,474 814,438Q855,402 883,363.5Q911,325 911,295Q911,249 897,223.5Q883,198 842,172L1081,-153L982,-221L750,139Q718,134 692,134Q628,134 552,158.5Q476,183 402.5,227Q329,271 271,329Q218,382 185.5,438Q153,494 153,549Q153,625 185,676Q217,727 267.5,766.5Q318,806 372,847Q327,876 277.5,924.5Q228,973 193.5,1026.5Q159,1080 159,1124Q159,1226 219,1286Q279,1346 385,1346Q448,1346 524,1315Q600,1284 669,1231.5Q738,1179 782.5,1113.5Q827,1048 827,979Q827,943 812,913.5Q797,884 771,858Q753,839 730.5,820Q708,801 683,781Q782,752 846,752Q912,752 981,778.5Q1050,805 1108,853Q1166,901 1199,963L1251,919ZM537,1199Q450,1199 403,1143Q356,1087 356,1011Q356,964 378,938.5Q400,913 433,890Q476,913 521.5,950Q567,987 599,1028.5Q631,1070 631,1106Q631,1170 608,1186Q606,1188 586,1193.5Q566,1199 537,1199ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L924,1162L817,1346L1226,1346ZM1568,1346L1675,1162L1245,1162L1138,1346L1568,1346ZM1196,84L1196,1346L1384,1346L1384,-25L1196,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr data-svelte-h="svelte-556i6o"><td style="font-size: 1rem; font-family: var(--serif);">(2)</td> <td>KA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>K.KA<sub>n</sub></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 1rem; font-family: var(--serif);">(4)</td> <td>RA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub> + RA<sub>sup</sub></td></tr> <tr><td></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1577 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,1346L868,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L761,1346ZM1581,1346L1688,1162L756,1162L648,1346L1581,1346ZM742,83L742,1345L931,1345L931,-25L742,83ZM742,-416L743,846L931,846L931,-525L742,-416ZM835,594L832,858Q873,908 935.5,945.5Q998,983 1100,983Q1162,983 1216,945.5Q1270,908 1311,850.5Q1352,793 1375,730Q1398,667 1398,616Q1398,505 1376,422Q1354,339 1316,255L1139,394Q1172,440 1206.5,505Q1241,570 1264.5,632.5Q1288,695 1288,731Q1288,772 1277,789Q1266,805 1231.5,817Q1197,829 1157,829Q1118,829 1073,800Q1028,771 987.5,726.5Q947,682 919,635.5Q891,589 886,553L835,594ZM832,746L825,754Q836,738 847,723Q858,708 867,696L914,636Q857,555 754,515.5Q651,476 539,476Q475,476 406,511Q337,546 277,602.5Q217,659 180,724.5Q143,790 143,850Q143,1096 422,1096Q514,1096 597.5,1044.5Q681,993 743,912.5Q805,832 832,746ZM742,780Q682,851 620,888Q558,925 482,925Q400,925 340.5,874.5Q281,824 281,753Q281,733 289.5,699.5Q298,666 306,658Q317,646 361.5,623.5Q406,601 471,601Q516,601 568.5,626Q621,651 667.5,692Q714,733 742,780ZM835,-132L832,132Q873,182 935.5,219.5Q998,257 1100,257Q1162,257 1216,219.5Q1270,182 1311,124.5Q1352,67 1375,4Q1398,-59 1398,-110Q1398,-221 1376,-304Q1354,-387 1316,-471L1139,-332Q1172,-286 1206.5,-221Q1241,-156 1264.5,-93.5Q1288,-31 1288,5Q1288,46 1277,63Q1266,79 1231.5,91Q1197,103 1157,103Q1118,103 1073,74Q1028,45 987.5,0.5Q947,-44 919,-90.5Q891,-137 886,-173L835,-132ZM832,20L825,28Q836,12 847,-3Q858,-18 867,-30L914,-90Q857,-171 754,-210.5Q651,-250 539,-250Q475,-250 406,-215Q337,-180 277,-123.5Q217,-67 180,-1.5Q143,64 143,124Q143,370 422,370Q514,370 597.5,318.5Q681,267 743,186.5Q805,106 832,20ZM742,54Q682,125 620,162Q558,199 482,199Q400,199 340.5,148.5Q281,98 281,27Q281,7 289.5,-26.5Q298,-60 306,-68Q317,-80 361.5,-102.5Q406,-125 471,-125Q516,-125 568.5,-100Q621,-75 667.5,-34Q714,7 742,54Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्क</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1130 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्क</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>A number of types of conjunct formations appear in these examples: (1) a half-form of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">GA</span> in its combination with the full form of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">DHA</span>; (2) a vertical conjunct <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">K.KA</span>; and (3) a fully ligated conjunct <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">K.SSA</span><i data-svelte-h="svelte-14jyx6u">,</i> in which the components are no longer distinct. In example (4) in <a href="#G14565" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-2</a>, the dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> is depicted with the nonspacing combining mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i>).</p> <p>A consonant conjunct form can take a virama and so become a dead consonant conjunct form. A dead consonant conjunct form can be followed by another consonant letter, and so form a multi-consonant conjunct. For example, <a href="#G726758" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-3</a> illustrates a three-consonant conjunct form, <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">P.S.YA</span>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G726758" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G726758" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-3.</span> Multi-Consonant Conjuncts in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-9c3nol"><td>PA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>SA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>YA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>P.S.YA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+092A प DEVANAGARI LETTER PA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1326L984,1326L984,-25L795,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1131 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">प्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1425 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,705L535,781Q580,741 634,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q912,672 996.5,738.5Q1081,805 1147,902L1147,563Q1116,532 1047.5,514Q979,496 906,496Q799,497 701,556.5Q603,616 535,705ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1430,1346L1537,1162L609,1162L502,1346L1430,1346ZM1054,84L1054,1346L1241,1346L1241,-25L1054,84ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1384 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1226 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092A प DEVANAGARI LETTER PA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 3097 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M817,1346L925,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L817,1346ZM837,871L837,528Q791,486 741.5,463.5Q692,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q635,588 723.5,668.5Q812,749 837,871Z" /><path transform="translate(807)" d="M1095,818L1094,531Q1063,515 1012.5,505.5Q962,496 906,496Q799,497 700.5,556.5Q602,616 535,704L535,781Q579,741 633.5,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q855,672 935.5,713Q1016,754 1095,818ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1074,1346L1181,1162L172,1162L64,1346L1074,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1871)" d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">प्स्य</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1g39t66">A well-designed Indic script font may contain hundreds of conjunct glyphs, but they are not encoded as Unicode characters because they are the result of ligation of distinct letters. Indic script rendering software must be able to map appropriate combinations of characters in context to the appropriate conjunct glyphs in fonts.</p> <p>A dead consonant conjunct may have an appearance like a half form, because the vertical stem of the last consonant is removed. As a result, a live consonant conjunct could be analyzed visually as consisting of the dead, consonant-conjunct half form plus the vowel sign /ā/. As in the case of consonant letters, the live form should not be represented using a half form followed by <span title="U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA</span></span>. <a href="#G727223" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-3</a> shows some examples of live consonant conjuncts that exhibit this visual pattern, but that should not be represented with fully analyzed sequences. <a href="#G727223" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-3</a> also shows the sequence of code points that should be used to represent these conjuncts in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G727223" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G727223" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-3.</span> Devanagari Consonant Conjuncts</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table style="--glyph-font-size: 1.25em;"><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-18prx6l"><th class="centered">For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091A च DEVANAGARI LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1497 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M227,324Q227,347 235.5,367Q244,387 258.5,401.5Q273,416 293,424.5Q313,433 336,433Q416,433 489,360Q477,343 458,319.5Q439,296 416.5,275Q394,254 369.5,239.5Q345,225 321,225Q301,225 283.5,233Q266,241 253.5,254.5Q241,268 234,286Q227,304 227,324ZM718,484Q619,476 569,419L569,637L1218,637L1218,331Q1199,308 1174,286Q1149,264 1121,246.5Q1093,229 1062.5,218Q1032,207 1000,207Q981,207 965,215Q949,223 937,236Q925,249 918.5,266.5Q912,284 912,302Q912,318 918.5,333Q925,348 935.5,361.5Q946,375 959,386Q972,397 985,404L1189,404L1138,484L718,484ZM161,353Q161,322 176.5,290Q192,258 217,231.5Q242,205 273.5,188Q305,171 336,171Q402,171 482,236L482,25L570,-19L570,316Q636,401 770,404L869,404Q825,366 825,316Q825,263 901,202Q977,141 1044,141Q1125,141 1219,222L1219,32L1306,-19L1306,637L1466,637L1401,710L56,710L122,637L482,637L482,418Q395,506 307,506Q276,506 249.5,493.5Q223,481 203.5,459.5Q184,438 172.5,410.5Q161,383 161,353Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्च</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1grlg7k"><0915, 094D, 091A></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-g0zfef"><0915, 094D, 091A, 094D, 093E>,<br> <0915, 094D, 091A, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 991 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M354,564Q354,580 349,596Q344,612 335,624.5Q326,637 312.5,645Q299,653 281,653Q263,653 244,648Q225,643 210,633Q195,623 185,608Q175,593 175,572Q175,551 184,532Q193,513 207.5,496.5Q222,480 239.5,466Q257,452 273,443Q354,497 354,564ZM945,629L767,629L767,-100L669,-52L669,345Q633,320 592.5,306Q552,292 508,292L507,292Q417,292 313,378Q290,367 261.5,350.5Q233,334 208.5,312Q184,290 167.5,264Q151,238 151,208Q151,179 167.5,157.5Q184,136 208,122Q232,108 260.5,101Q289,94 313,94Q326,94 338,99Q350,104 361,111Q337,135 337,167Q337,181 344,192Q351,203 361.5,210Q372,217 385,220.5Q398,224 410,224Q425,224 442.5,213Q460,202 474.5,186.5Q489,171 498.5,152.5Q508,134 508,119Q508,96 494,75.5Q480,55 459,46L572,-132L572,-133L516,-165L410,29Q376,23 340,23Q293,23 245,37Q197,51 158,79Q119,107 94.5,147.5Q70,188 70,240Q70,273 84.5,302.5Q99,332 122,356Q145,380 173.5,398.5Q202,417 231,427Q209,440 183.5,458.5Q158,477 136.5,500.5Q115,524 100.5,550.5Q86,577 86,605Q86,635 101.5,657.5Q117,680 141,695.5Q165,711 193.5,718.5Q222,726 248,726Q278,726 312,707Q346,688 375,659Q404,630 423.5,596Q443,562 443,532Q443,469 354,394Q399,370 475,370Q563,370 669,459L669,629L516,629L451,710L872,710L945,629Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17vax3w"><0915, 094D, 0937></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4no1aj"><0915, 094D, 0937, 094D, 093E>,<br> <0915, 094D, 0937, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 963 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M927,629L749,629L749,-100L652,-51L652,370L488,370Q431,370 391,327.5Q351,285 351,224Q351,162 397.5,87.5Q444,13 521,-51L488,-84Q383,4 322,104.5Q261,205 261,289Q261,328 302,370L197,370L132,467L652,467L652,629L119,629L46,710L854,710L927,629Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1nv8yjs"><0924, 094D, 0924></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-56c3o7"><0924, 094D, 0924, 094D, 093E>,<br> <0924, 094D, 0924, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1242 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M273,127Q305,127 305,175L305,273L513,273Q523,205 571,120Q631,15 738,-92L778,-60Q699,20 653.5,104Q608,188 608,256Q608,309 650.5,347.5Q693,386 754,386L916,386L916,-51L1013,-100L1013,629L1191,629L1118,710L46,710L119,629L916,629L916,483L722,483Q636,483 573,433Q539,406 524,370L232,370Q197,370 174,346Q151,322 151,289Q151,236 191.5,181.5Q232,127 273,127Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न्त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1x6q5i4"><0928, 094D, 0924></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1uzdpof"><0928, 094D, 0924, 094D, 093E>,<br> <0928, 094D, 0924, 094D, 200D, 093E></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1smzaki">Note that these are illustrative examples only. There are many consonant conjuncts that could be visually analyzed in the same way, and the same principle applies to all such cases: these should not be represented as dead conjunct plus vowel sign sequences. The practice of using atomic consonants to represent letters is recommended. Using a half-form plus stems should be avoided.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G57332" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G57332" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Explicit Virama (Halant).</span></span> Normally a virama character serves to create dead consonants that are, in turn, combined with subsequent consonants to form conjuncts. This behavior usually results in a virama sign not being depicted visually. Occasionally, this default behavior is not desired when a dead consonant should be excluded from conjunct formation, in which case the virama sign is visibly rendered. To accomplish this goal, the Unicode Standard adopts the convention of placing the character <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> immediately after the encoded dead consonant that is to be excluded from conjunct formation. In this case, the virama sign is always depicted as appropriate for the consonant to which it is attached.</p> <p>For example, in <a href="#G14632" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-4</a>, the use of <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> prevents the default formation of the conjunct form <span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1567 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1251,919L1261,672Q1203,611 993,611Q919,611 814,640Q709,669 601,717Q551,685 492,637.5Q433,590 390.5,538.5Q348,487 348,443Q348,400 359,367Q370,334 380,323Q388,316 423.5,308Q459,300 512,300Q547,300 578.5,309Q610,318 632,331Q618,362 607.5,393Q597,424 597,451Q597,481 614.5,500.5Q632,520 675,520Q696,520 734.5,497Q773,474 814,438Q855,402 883,363.5Q911,325 911,295Q911,249 897,223.5Q883,198 842,172L1081,-153L982,-221L750,139Q718,134 692,134Q628,134 552,158.5Q476,183 402.5,227Q329,271 271,329Q218,382 185.5,438Q153,494 153,549Q153,625 185,676Q217,727 267.5,766.5Q318,806 372,847Q327,876 277.5,924.5Q228,973 193.5,1026.5Q159,1080 159,1124Q159,1226 219,1286Q279,1346 385,1346Q448,1346 524,1315Q600,1284 669,1231.5Q738,1179 782.5,1113.5Q827,1048 827,979Q827,943 812,913.5Q797,884 771,858Q753,839 730.5,820Q708,801 683,781Q782,752 846,752Q912,752 981,778.5Q1050,805 1108,853Q1166,901 1199,963L1251,919ZM537,1199Q450,1199 403,1143Q356,1087 356,1011Q356,964 378,938.5Q400,913 433,890Q476,913 521.5,950Q567,987 599,1028.5Q631,1070 631,1106Q631,1170 608,1186Q606,1188 586,1193.5Q566,1199 537,1199ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L924,1162L817,1346L1226,1346ZM1568,1346L1675,1162L1245,1162L1138,1346L1568,1346ZM1196,84L1196,1346L1384,1346L1384,-25L1196,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span> (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">K.SSA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>).</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G14632" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14632" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-4.</span> Preventing Conjunct Forms in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-1pmwq61"><td>KA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWNJ</td> <td>+</td> <td>SSA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>KA<sub>d</sub> + SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM237 255H293L393 79V255H442V3H389L287 182V3H237ZM626 103V97Q626 44 657 44Q685 44 685 83V259H738V84Q738 1 659 1Q576 1 576 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2873 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /><path transform="translate(1706)" /><path transform="translate(1706)" d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्‌ष</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5720" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5720" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Explicit Half-Consonants.</span></span> When a dead consonant participates in forming a conjunct, the dead consonant form is often absorbed into the conjunct form, such that it is no longer distinctly visible. In other contexts, the dead consonant may remain visible as a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-9rgm1n">half-consonant form</i>. In general, a half-consonant form is distinguished from the nominal consonant form by the loss of its inherent vowel stem, a vertical stem appearing to the right side of the consonant form. In other cases, the vertical stem remains but some part of its right-side geometry is missing.</p> <p>In certain cases, it is desirable to prevent a dead consonant from assuming full conjunct formation yet still not appear with an explicit virama. In these cases, the half-form of the consonant is used. To explicitly encode a half-consonant form, the Unicode Standard adopts the convention of placing the character <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> immediately after the encoded dead consonant. The <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> denotes a nonvisible letter that presents linking or cursive joining behavior on either side (that is, to the previous or following letter). Therefore, in the present context, the <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> may be considered to present a context to which a preceding dead consonant may join so as to create the half-form of the consonant.</p> <p>For example, if <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1nqpeas">h</sub></span> denotes the half-form glyph of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span>, then a half-consonant form is represented as shown in <a href="#G14703" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-5</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G14703" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14703" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-5.</span> Half-Consonants in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-pvc2ln"><td>KA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWJ</td> <td>+</td> <td>SSA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>KA<sub>h</sub> + SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2385 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1222,1346L1329,1162L445,1162L338,1346L1222,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM1290,862L1290,708Q1203,708 1136,658.5Q1069,609 1026,540Q983,471 968,412L909,457L909,747Q947,797 1023.5,838.5Q1100,880 1197,880Q1221,880 1244.5,876Q1268,872 1290,862ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1218)" /><path transform="translate(1218)" d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्‍ष</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>In the absence of the <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span>, the sequence in <a href="#G14703" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-5</a> would normally produce the full conjunct form <span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1567 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1251,919L1261,672Q1203,611 993,611Q919,611 814,640Q709,669 601,717Q551,685 492,637.5Q433,590 390.5,538.5Q348,487 348,443Q348,400 359,367Q370,334 380,323Q388,316 423.5,308Q459,300 512,300Q547,300 578.5,309Q610,318 632,331Q618,362 607.5,393Q597,424 597,451Q597,481 614.5,500.5Q632,520 675,520Q696,520 734.5,497Q773,474 814,438Q855,402 883,363.5Q911,325 911,295Q911,249 897,223.5Q883,198 842,172L1081,-153L982,-221L750,139Q718,134 692,134Q628,134 552,158.5Q476,183 402.5,227Q329,271 271,329Q218,382 185.5,438Q153,494 153,549Q153,625 185,676Q217,727 267.5,766.5Q318,806 372,847Q327,876 277.5,924.5Q228,973 193.5,1026.5Q159,1080 159,1124Q159,1226 219,1286Q279,1346 385,1346Q448,1346 524,1315Q600,1284 669,1231.5Q738,1179 782.5,1113.5Q827,1048 827,979Q827,943 812,913.5Q797,884 771,858Q753,839 730.5,820Q708,801 683,781Q782,752 846,752Q912,752 981,778.5Q1050,805 1108,853Q1166,901 1199,963L1251,919ZM537,1199Q450,1199 403,1143Q356,1087 356,1011Q356,964 378,938.5Q400,913 433,890Q476,913 521.5,950Q567,987 599,1028.5Q631,1070 631,1106Q631,1170 608,1186Q606,1188 586,1193.5Q566,1199 537,1199ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L924,1162L817,1346L1226,1346ZM1568,1346L1675,1162L1245,1162L1138,1346L1568,1346ZM1196,84L1196,1346L1384,1346L1384,-25L1196,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span> (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">K.SSA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>).</p> <p>This encoding of half-consonant forms also applies in the absence of a base letterform. That is, this technique may be used to encode independent half-forms, as shown in <a href="#G14772" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-6</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G14772" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14772" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-6.</span> Independent Half-Forms in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-x93vp7"><td>GA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWJ</td> <td>→</td> <td>GA<sub>h</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1222 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259ZM808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L408,1162L301,1346L1226,1346ZM851,84L851,1336L1039,1336L1039,-25L851,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1185 -48)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 690 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M694,1346L801,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L694,1346ZM319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्‍</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>Other Indic scripts have similar half-forms for the initial consonants of a conjunct. Some, such as Oriya, also have similar half-forms for the final consonants; those are represented as shown in <a href="#G79954" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-7</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G79954" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G79954" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-7.</span> Half-Consonants in Oriya</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-1u8q9yy"><td>NGA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWJ</td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA</td> <td>+</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>NGA<sub>l</sub> + KA<sub>h</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,-8C451,-8 548,50 548,157C548,208 525,257 471,294L520,345L479,386L327,227L368,186L424,245C460,219 476,189 476,156C476,93 415,61 353,61C283,61 225,104 225,177C225,228 253,293 326,352L291,398C232,359 194,314 172,269C128,305 108,359 108,408C108,508 191,601 352,601C404,601 447,591 488,572C484,558 481,541 481,524C481,440 538,392 612,392C695,392 740,454 740,525C740,597 695,658 612,658C577,658 548,647 526,629C474,653 415,666 346,666C144,666 32,548 32,416C32,335 71,256 152,205C150,193 149,182 149,170C149,59 237,-8 348,-8ZM612,448C575,448 543,475 543,524C543,574 575,602 612,602C656,602 678,565 678,525C678,486 656,448 612,448Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M429,509C429,528 419,537 399,537C380,537 371,528 371,509C371,489 379,480 399,480C419,480 429,490 429,509ZM242,460C242,441 251,431 270,431C289,431 299,441 299,460C299,479 290,488 270,488C250,488 242,479 242,460ZM500,460C500,441 510,431 529,431C549,431 559,441 559,460C559,479 549,488 529,488C510,488 500,479 500,460ZM196,335C196,315 206,306 226,306C246,306 254,315 254,335C254,354 245,363 226,363C206,363 196,354 196,335ZM545,335C545,316 555,306 575,306C594,306 604,316 604,335C604,354 594,363 575,363C555,363 545,354 545,335ZM242,210C242,190 250,181 270,181C290,181 299,190 299,210C299,231 290,239 270,239C250,239 242,231 242,210ZM500,210C500,191 510,181 529,181C549,181 559,191 559,210C559,229 549,239 529,239C510,239 500,229 500,210ZM371,160C371,141 380,131 399,131C419,131 429,141 429,160C429,179 419,189 399,189C379,189 371,180 371,160Z" /><path transform="translate(569 50)" d="M72,-33L20,-70L132,-212L179,-177L72,-33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 752 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M244,74C269,74 290,80 309,90L304,0L382,0L382,216C382,265 403,294 440,294C475,294 496,265 496,216L496,0L574,0L574,222C574,305 535,355 452,355C404,355 370,335 351,299C330,334 293,355 245,355C199,355 162,335 139,303C119,334 108,368 108,403C108,520 221,593 367,593C504,593 640,527 640,395C640,351 625,312 600,281L671,250C702,290 720,339 720,395C720,575 545,666 367,666C181,666 32,566 32,411C32,345 58,285 115,232C114,226 114,220 114,213C114,131 164,74 244,74ZM245,135C204,135 178,170 178,214C178,258 204,293 245,293C285,293 312,258 312,215C312,170 286,135 245,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 705 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M141,240C141,135 236,84 330,84C423,84 515,133 515,228C515,275 491,314 446,345L488,385L451,424L312,289L349,250L404,303C436,280 448,256 448,229C448,175 393,144 333,144C275,144 211,178 211,249C211,297 240,345 305,394L273,434C217,400 182,361 162,323C125,353 107,391 107,435C107,543 204,600 327,600C373,600 417,592 457,577C454,566 452,553 452,540C452,462 506,422 573,422C638,422 695,462 695,541C695,618 638,658 574,658C543,658 514,649 493,632C446,654 387,666 324,666C167,666 32,593 32,445C32,368 73,306 143,265C142,257 141,248 141,240ZM584,484C558,476 528,488 521,527C515,566 537,588 563,596C588,604 618,592 625,553C631,514 609,492 584,484Z" /><path transform="translate(705)" /><path transform="translate(202)" d="M141,-110C165,-110 186,-105 203,-96L199,-164L255,-164L255,2C255,42 274,65 303,65C333,65 351,42 351,2L351,-164L407,-164L407,7C407,72 377,116 311,116C274,116 247,102 231,77C211,102 181,116 142,116C75,116 30,72 30,3C30,-66 74,-110 141,-110ZM142,-63C109,-63 86,-36 86,3C86,42 109,69 142,69C176,69 198,43 198,0C198,-38 176,-63 142,-63Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ‍୍କ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>In the absence of the <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span>, the sequence in <a href="#G79954" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-7</a> would normally produce the full conjunct form <span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 738 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,75C257,75 284,90 302,118C319,90 346,75 381,75C392,75 403,77 413,80L409,0L485,0L485,220C485,267 497,293 526,293C554,293 567,267 567,221L567,0L645,0L645,216C645,281 629,347 544,347C504,347 478,332 462,305C444,333 416,347 382,347C347,347 320,333 302,305C285,333 257,347 224,347C187,347 159,331 141,302C117,333 104,370 104,412C104,525 197,600 354,600C416,600 462,589 501,567C500,559 499,549 499,540C499,473 541,422 613,422C684,422 728,474 728,541C728,607 684,658 613,658C578,658 550,646 531,626C483,652 425,666 353,666C167,666 32,571 32,418C32,342 65,280 122,234C121,227 121,220 121,212C121,124 160,75 223,75ZM613,474C575,474 556,505 556,540C556,575 575,606 614,606C652,606 671,575 671,541C671,505 653,474 613,474ZM226,129C195,129 177,160 177,211C177,265 195,293 227,293C257,293 275,265 275,212C275,160 257,129 226,129ZM380,129C349,129 331,160 331,211C331,265 349,293 380,293C411,293 428,265 428,212C428,159 410,129 380,129Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ୍କ</span></span></span> (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">NG.KA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>).</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G5787" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G5787" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Forms.</span></span> In summary, each consonant may be encoded such that it denotes a live consonant, a dead consonant that may be absorbed into a conjunct, the half-form of a dead consonant, or a dead consonant with an overt halant that does not get absorbed into a conjunct (see <a href="#G59257" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-8</a>).</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G59257" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G59257" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-8.</span> Consonant Forms in Devanagari and Oriya</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1567 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1251,919L1261,672Q1203,611 993,611Q919,611 814,640Q709,669 601,717Q551,685 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537,1199ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L924,1162L817,1346L1226,1346ZM1568,1346L1675,1162L1245,1162L1138,1346L1568,1346ZM1196,84L1196,1346L1384,1346L1384,-25L1196,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1p6n665">K.SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 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500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 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510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2385 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1222,1346L1329,1162L445,1162L338,1346L1222,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM1290,862L1290,708Q1203,708 1136,658.5Q1069,609 1026,540Q983,471 968,412L909,457L909,747Q947,797 1023.5,838.5Q1100,880 1197,880Q1221,880 1244.5,876Q1268,872 1290,862ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1218)" /><path transform="translate(1218)" /><path transform="translate(1218)" d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्‍‍ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-14yg41s">KA<sub>h</sub> + SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM237 255H293L393 79V255H442V3H389L287 182V3H237ZM626 103V97Q626 44 657 44Q685 44 685 83V259H738V84Q738 1 659 1Q576 1 576 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2873 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /><path transform="translate(1706)" /><path transform="translate(1706)" d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्‌ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-2pc84c">KA<sub>d</sub> + SSA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,-8C451,-8 548,50 548,157C548,208 525,257 471,294L520,345L479,386L327,227L368,186L424,245C460,219 476,189 476,156C476,93 415,61 353,61C283,61 225,104 225,177C225,228 253,293 326,352L291,398C232,359 194,314 172,269C128,305 108,359 108,408C108,508 191,601 352,601C404,601 447,591 488,572C484,558 481,541 481,524C481,440 538,392 612,392C695,392 740,454 740,525C740,597 695,658 612,658C577,658 548,647 526,629C474,653 415,666 346,666C144,666 32,548 32,416C32,335 71,256 152,205C150,193 149,182 149,170C149,59 237,-8 348,-8ZM612,448C575,448 543,475 543,524C543,574 575,602 612,602C656,602 678,565 678,525C678,486 656,448 612,448Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M429,509C429,528 419,537 399,537C380,537 371,528 371,509C371,489 379,480 399,480C419,480 429,490 429,509ZM242,460C242,441 251,431 270,431C289,431 299,441 299,460C299,479 290,488 270,488C250,488 242,479 242,460ZM500,460C500,441 510,431 529,431C549,431 559,441 559,460C559,479 549,488 529,488C510,488 500,479 500,460ZM196,335C196,315 206,306 226,306C246,306 254,315 254,335C254,354 245,363 226,363C206,363 196,354 196,335ZM545,335C545,316 555,306 575,306C594,306 604,316 604,335C604,354 594,363 575,363C555,363 545,354 545,335ZM242,210C242,190 250,181 270,181C290,181 299,190 299,210C299,231 290,239 270,239C250,239 242,231 242,210ZM500,210C500,191 510,181 529,181C549,181 559,191 559,210C559,229 549,239 529,239C510,239 500,229 500,210ZM371,160C371,141 380,131 399,131C419,131 429,141 429,160C429,179 419,189 399,189C379,189 371,180 371,160Z" /><path transform="translate(569 50)" d="M72,-33L20,-70L132,-212L179,-177L72,-33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 752 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M244,74C269,74 290,80 309,90L304,0L382,0L382,216C382,265 403,294 440,294C475,294 496,265 496,216L496,0L574,0L574,222C574,305 535,355 452,355C404,355 370,335 351,299C330,334 293,355 245,355C199,355 162,335 139,303C119,334 108,368 108,403C108,520 221,593 367,593C504,593 640,527 640,395C640,351 625,312 600,281L671,250C702,290 720,339 720,395C720,575 545,666 367,666C181,666 32,566 32,411C32,345 58,285 115,232C114,226 114,220 114,213C114,131 164,74 244,74ZM245,135C204,135 178,170 178,214C178,258 204,293 245,293C285,293 312,258 312,215C312,170 286,135 245,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 738 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,75C257,75 284,90 302,118C319,90 346,75 381,75C392,75 403,77 413,80L409,0L485,0L485,220C485,267 497,293 526,293C554,293 567,267 567,221L567,0L645,0L645,216C645,281 629,347 544,347C504,347 478,332 462,305C444,333 416,347 382,347C347,347 320,333 302,305C285,333 257,347 224,347C187,347 159,331 141,302C117,333 104,370 104,412C104,525 197,600 354,600C416,600 462,589 501,567C500,559 499,549 499,540C499,473 541,422 613,422C684,422 728,474 728,541C728,607 684,658 613,658C578,658 550,646 531,626C483,652 425,666 353,666C167,666 32,571 32,418C32,342 65,280 122,234C121,227 121,220 121,212C121,124 160,75 223,75ZM613,474C575,474 556,505 556,540C556,575 575,606 614,606C652,606 671,575 671,541C671,505 653,474 613,474ZM226,129C195,129 177,160 177,211C177,265 195,293 227,293C257,293 275,265 275,212C275,160 257,129 226,129ZM380,129C349,129 331,160 331,211C331,265 349,293 380,293C411,293 428,265 428,212C428,159 410,129 380,129Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ୍କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zhj4ha">NG.KA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,-8C451,-8 548,50 548,157C548,208 525,257 471,294L520,345L479,386L327,227L368,186L424,245C460,219 476,189 476,156C476,93 415,61 353,61C283,61 225,104 225,177C225,228 253,293 326,352L291,398C232,359 194,314 172,269C128,305 108,359 108,408C108,508 191,601 352,601C404,601 447,591 488,572C484,558 481,541 481,524C481,440 538,392 612,392C695,392 740,454 740,525C740,597 695,658 612,658C577,658 548,647 526,629C474,653 415,666 346,666C144,666 32,548 32,416C32,335 71,256 152,205C150,193 149,182 149,170C149,59 237,-8 348,-8ZM612,448C575,448 543,475 543,524C543,574 575,602 612,602C656,602 678,565 678,525C678,486 656,448 612,448Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M429,509C429,528 419,537 399,537C380,537 371,528 371,509C371,489 379,480 399,480C419,480 429,490 429,509ZM242,460C242,441 251,431 270,431C289,431 299,441 299,460C299,479 290,488 270,488C250,488 242,479 242,460ZM500,460C500,441 510,431 529,431C549,431 559,441 559,460C559,479 549,488 529,488C510,488 500,479 500,460ZM196,335C196,315 206,306 226,306C246,306 254,315 254,335C254,354 245,363 226,363C206,363 196,354 196,335ZM545,335C545,316 555,306 575,306C594,306 604,316 604,335C604,354 594,363 575,363C555,363 545,354 545,335ZM242,210C242,190 250,181 270,181C290,181 299,190 299,210C299,231 290,239 270,239C250,239 242,231 242,210ZM500,210C500,191 510,181 529,181C549,181 559,191 559,210C559,229 549,239 529,239C510,239 500,229 500,210ZM371,160C371,141 380,131 399,131C419,131 429,141 429,160C429,179 419,189 399,189C379,189 371,180 371,160Z" /><path transform="translate(569 50)" d="M72,-33L20,-70L132,-212L179,-177L72,-33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 752 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M244,74C269,74 290,80 309,90L304,0L382,0L382,216C382,265 403,294 440,294C475,294 496,265 496,216L496,0L574,0L574,222C574,305 535,355 452,355C404,355 370,335 351,299C330,334 293,355 245,355C199,355 162,335 139,303C119,334 108,368 108,403C108,520 221,593 367,593C504,593 640,527 640,395C640,351 625,312 600,281L671,250C702,290 720,339 720,395C720,575 545,666 367,666C181,666 32,566 32,411C32,345 58,285 115,232C114,226 114,220 114,213C114,131 164,74 244,74ZM245,135C204,135 178,170 178,214C178,258 204,293 245,293C285,293 312,258 312,215C312,170 286,135 245,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 705 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M141,240C141,135 236,84 330,84C423,84 515,133 515,228C515,275 491,314 446,345L488,385L451,424L312,289L349,250L404,303C436,280 448,256 448,229C448,175 393,144 333,144C275,144 211,178 211,249C211,297 240,345 305,394L273,434C217,400 182,361 162,323C125,353 107,391 107,435C107,543 204,600 327,600C373,600 417,592 457,577C454,566 452,553 452,540C452,462 506,422 573,422C638,422 695,462 695,541C695,618 638,658 574,658C543,658 514,649 493,632C446,654 387,666 324,666C167,666 32,593 32,445C32,368 73,306 143,265C142,257 141,248 141,240ZM584,484C558,476 528,488 521,527C515,566 537,588 563,596C588,604 618,592 625,553C631,514 609,492 584,484Z" /><path transform="translate(705)" /><path transform="translate(202)" d="M141,-110C165,-110 186,-105 203,-96L199,-164L255,-164L255,2C255,42 274,65 303,65C333,65 351,42 351,2L351,-164L407,-164L407,7C407,72 377,116 311,116C274,116 247,102 231,77C211,102 181,116 142,116C75,116 30,72 30,3C30,-66 74,-110 141,-110ZM142,-63C109,-63 86,-36 86,3C86,42 109,69 142,69C176,69 198,43 198,0C198,-38 176,-63 142,-63Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ‍୍କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-b6kv1z">NGA<sub>n</sub> + KA<sub>h</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,-8C451,-8 548,50 548,157C548,208 525,257 471,294L520,345L479,386L327,227L368,186L424,245C460,219 476,189 476,156C476,93 415,61 353,61C283,61 225,104 225,177C225,228 253,293 326,352L291,398C232,359 194,314 172,269C128,305 108,359 108,408C108,508 191,601 352,601C404,601 447,591 488,572C484,558 481,541 481,524C481,440 538,392 612,392C695,392 740,454 740,525C740,597 695,658 612,658C577,658 548,647 526,629C474,653 415,666 346,666C144,666 32,548 32,416C32,335 71,256 152,205C150,193 149,182 149,170C149,59 237,-8 348,-8ZM612,448C575,448 543,475 543,524C543,574 575,602 612,602C656,602 678,565 678,525C678,486 656,448 612,448Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M429,509C429,528 419,537 399,537C380,537 371,528 371,509C371,489 379,480 399,480C419,480 429,490 429,509ZM242,460C242,441 251,431 270,431C289,431 299,441 299,460C299,479 290,488 270,488C250,488 242,479 242,460ZM500,460C500,441 510,431 529,431C549,431 559,441 559,460C559,479 549,488 529,488C510,488 500,479 500,460ZM196,335C196,315 206,306 226,306C246,306 254,315 254,335C254,354 245,363 226,363C206,363 196,354 196,335ZM545,335C545,316 555,306 575,306C594,306 604,316 604,335C604,354 594,363 575,363C555,363 545,354 545,335ZM242,210C242,190 250,181 270,181C290,181 299,190 299,210C299,231 290,239 270,239C250,239 242,231 242,210ZM500,210C500,191 510,181 529,181C549,181 559,191 559,210C559,229 549,239 529,239C510,239 500,229 500,210ZM371,160C371,141 380,131 399,131C419,131 429,141 429,160C429,179 419,189 399,189C379,189 371,180 371,160Z" /><path transform="translate(569 50)" d="M72,-33L20,-70L132,-212L179,-177L72,-33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM237 255H293L393 79V255H442V3H389L287 182V3H237ZM626 103V97Q626 44 657 44Q685 44 685 83V259H738V84Q738 1 659 1Q576 1 576 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 752 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M244,74C269,74 290,80 309,90L304,0L382,0L382,216C382,265 403,294 440,294C475,294 496,265 496,216L496,0L574,0L574,222C574,305 535,355 452,355C404,355 370,335 351,299C330,334 293,355 245,355C199,355 162,335 139,303C119,334 108,368 108,403C108,520 221,593 367,593C504,593 640,527 640,395C640,351 625,312 600,281L671,250C702,290 720,339 720,395C720,575 545,666 367,666C181,666 32,566 32,411C32,345 58,285 115,232C114,226 114,220 114,213C114,131 164,74 244,74ZM245,135C204,135 178,170 178,214C178,258 204,293 245,293C285,293 312,258 312,215C312,170 286,135 245,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1502 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,-8C451,-8 548,50 548,157C548,208 525,257 471,294L520,345L479,386L327,227L368,186L424,245C460,219 476,189 476,156C476,93 415,61 353,61C283,61 225,104 225,177C225,228 253,293 326,352L291,398C232,359 194,314 172,269C128,305 108,359 108,408C108,508 191,601 352,601C404,601 447,591 488,572C484,558 481,541 481,524C481,440 538,392 612,392C695,392 740,454 740,525C740,597 695,658 612,658C577,658 548,647 526,629C474,653 415,666 346,666C144,666 32,548 32,416C32,335 71,256 152,205C150,193 149,182 149,170C149,59 237,-8 348,-8ZM612,448C575,448 543,475 543,524C543,574 575,602 612,602C656,602 678,565 678,525C678,486 656,448 612,448Z" /><path transform="translate(311)" d="M72,-33L20,-70L132,-212L179,-177L72,-33Z" /><path transform="translate(750)" /><path transform="translate(750)" d="M244,74C269,74 290,80 309,90L304,0L382,0L382,216C382,265 403,294 440,294C475,294 496,265 496,216L496,0L574,0L574,222C574,305 535,355 452,355C404,355 370,335 351,299C330,334 293,355 245,355C199,355 162,335 139,303C119,334 108,368 108,403C108,520 221,593 367,593C504,593 640,527 640,395C640,351 625,312 600,281L671,250C702,290 720,339 720,395C720,575 545,666 367,666C181,666 32,566 32,411C32,345 58,285 115,232C114,226 114,220 114,213C114,131 164,74 244,74ZM245,135C204,135 178,170 178,214C178,258 204,293 245,293C285,293 312,258 312,215C312,170 286,135 245,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ୍‌କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-a1yme7">NGA<sub>d</sub> + KA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-b540ey">As the rendering of conjuncts and half-forms depends on the availability of glyphs in the font, the following fallback strategy should be employed:</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-170jhka"><li id="G78490">If the coded character sequence would normally render with a full conjunct, but such a conjunct is not available, the fallback rendering is to use half-forms. If those are not available, the fallback rendering should use an explicit (visible) virama.</li> <li id="G78491">If the coded character sequence would normally render with a half-form (it contains a ZWJ), but half-forms are not available, the fallback rendering should use an explicit (visible) virama.</li></ul> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G78484" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G78484" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.3 Rendering Devanagari</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G22270" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G22270" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rules for Rendering.</span></span> This section provides more formal and detailed rules for minimal rendering of Devanagari as part of a plain text sequence. It describes the mapping between Unicode characters and the glyphs in a Devanagari font. It also describes the combining and ordering of those glyphs.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-cqcif9">These rules provide minimal requirements for legibly rendering interchanged Devanagari text. As with any script, a more complex procedure can add rendering characteristics, depending on the font and application.</p> <blockquote data-svelte-h="svelte-5t0ye3"><p><i>In a font that is capable of rendering Devanagari, the number of glyphs is greater than the number of Devanagari characters.</i></p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G6012" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G6012" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Notation.</span></span> In the next set of rules, the following notation applies:</p> <blockquote><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: top; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td>Nominal glyph form of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> as it appears in the code charts.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td>A live consonant, depicted identically to <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td>Glyph depicting the dead consonant form of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1nqpeas">h</sub></span></td> <td>Glyph depicting the half-consonant form of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">L<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td>Nominal glyph form of a conjunct ligature consisting of two or more component consonants. A conjunct ligature composed of two consonants <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">X</span> and <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">Y</span> is also denoted <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">X.Y<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span></td> <td>A nonspacing combining mark glyph form of <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0930 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER RA</span></span> positioned above or attached to the upper part of a base glyph form. This form is also known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span></td> <td>A nonspacing combining mark glyph form of <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0930 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER RA</span></span> positioned below or attached to the lower part of a base glyph form.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span></td> <td>Glyph depicting the dependent vowel sign form of a vowel <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span>.</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">VIRAMA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td>The nominal glyph form of the nonspacing combining mark depicting <span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+094D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>.</td></tr> </table></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-32r0bk">A virama character is not always depicted. When it is depicted, it adopts this nonspacing mark form.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G14946" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14946" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Dead Consonant Rule.</span></span> The following rule logically precedes the application of any other rule to form a dead consonant. Once formed, a dead consonant may be subject to other rules described next.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G14948" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14948" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R1</span></span> When a consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> precedes a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">VIRAMA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>, it is considered to be a dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-ul6bxs">d</sub></span>. A consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> that does not precede <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">VIRAMA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> is considered to be a live consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-qk0naw">l</sub></span>. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-o86ruh"><td>TA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>TA<sub>d</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G19095" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G19095" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant RA Rules.</span></span> The character <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0930 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER RA</span></span> takes one of a number of visual forms depending on its context in a consonant cluster. By default, this letter is depicted with its nominal glyph form (as shown in the code charts). In some contexts, it is depicted using one of two nonspacing glyph forms that combine with a base letterform.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G14980" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G14980" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R2</span></span> If the dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> precedes a consonant, then it is replaced by the superscript nonspacing mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span> , which is positioned so that it applies to the logically subsequent element in the memory representation. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-3c61mn"><td>RA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>KA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>sup</sub></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1;"><i>Displayed<br>Output</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(763 -250)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्◌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1130 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्क</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr data-svelte-h="svelte-14d3611"><td>RA<span style="display: inline-block; width: 0;">¹</span><sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<span style="display: inline-block; width: 0;">²</span><sub>d</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>RA<span style="display: inline-block; width: 0;">²</span><sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<span style="display: inline-block; width: 0;">¹</span><sub>sup</sub></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(763 -250)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्◌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /><path transform="translate(755 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्र्</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15067" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15067" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R3</span></span> If the superscript mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span> is to be applied to a dead consonant and that dead consonant is combined with another consonant to form a conjunct ligature, then the mark is positioned so that it applies to the conjunct ligature form as a whole. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">JA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">NYA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">J.NYA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1;" data-svelte-h="svelte-h8icdq"><i>Displayed<br>Output</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1422 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1426,1346L1532,1162L610,1162L503,1346L1426,1346ZM1051,85L1051,1311L1238,1311L1238,-25L1051,85ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /><path transform="translate(910 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1389 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M458,776L286,964Q330,1001 387.5,1023Q445,1045 543,1045Q590,1045 645,1016Q700,987 752,940.5Q804,894 842,840.5Q880,787 893,738Q914,743 941.5,757Q969,771 992,794Q1033,835 1053,876L1053,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L1392,1346L1498,1162L1240,1162L1240,-25L1053,84L1053,606Q1023,597 973,597Q961,597 939.5,602Q918,607 903,612Q856,350 581,350Q503,350 427,385Q351,420 282.5,478.5Q214,537 159.5,606.5Q105,676 72,745L117,773Q168,696 213,645.5Q258,595 323.5,571Q389,547 499,547Q602,547 669.5,615.5Q737,684 737,776Q737,838 729,856Q721,874 718,876Q713,880 699,886Q685,892 650,892Q599,892 545.5,854Q492,816 458,776Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1271 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1274,1346L1382,1162L467,1162L361,1346L1274,1346ZM900,84L899,1346L1087,1346L1087,-25L900,84ZM939,1012L939,846L482,846Q540,808 601,746.5Q662,685 703.5,617.5Q745,550 745,493Q745,386 685.5,317.5Q626,249 509,240L719,-46L666,-85L425,237Q366,239 303,270.5Q240,302 197,351.5Q154,401 154,456Q154,539 229,539Q258,539 296.5,509Q335,479 389,403Q452,403 491,433.5Q530,464 547.5,503Q565,542 565,567Q565,668 493,740Q400,833 136,944L162,1012L939,1012Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्ञ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(763 -250)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्◌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1271 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1274,1346L1382,1162L467,1162L361,1346L1274,1346ZM900,84L899,1346L1087,1346L1087,-25L900,84ZM939,1012L939,846L482,846Q540,808 601,746.5Q662,685 703.5,617.5Q745,550 745,493Q745,386 685.5,317.5Q626,249 509,240L719,-46L666,-85L425,237Q366,239 303,270.5Q240,302 197,351.5Q154,401 154,456Q154,539 229,539Q258,539 296.5,509Q335,479 389,403Q452,403 491,433.5Q530,464 547.5,503Q565,542 565,567Q565,668 493,740Q400,833 136,944L162,1012L939,1012Z" /><path transform="translate(1224 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्ज्ञ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G26812" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G26812" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R4</span></span> If the superscript mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span> is to be applied to a dead consonant that is subsequently replaced by its half-consonant form, then the mark is positioned so that it applies to the form that serves as the base of the consonant cluster. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">GA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">GHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">GA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1nqpeas">h</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">GHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1;" data-svelte-h="svelte-h8icdq"><i>Displayed<br>Output</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1222 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259ZM808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L408,1162L301,1346L1226,1346ZM851,84L851,1336L1039,1336L1039,-25L851,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1185 -48)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1303 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M97,1166Q97,1269 125,1302Q153,1335 202,1335Q236,1335 283,1313.5Q330,1292 366.5,1261.5Q403,1231 403,1205Q403,1188 382.5,1169Q362,1150 341,1119.5Q320,1089 320,1037Q320,973 361,933Q402,893 460.5,864Q519,835 573,807Q627,779 653,740Q652,727 624,727Q595,727 533,751.5Q471,776 397,819Q323,862 254.5,918Q186,974 141.5,1037.5Q97,1101 97,1166ZM725,746L725,647Q671,679 617,698Q563,717 498,717Q428,717 379,681.5Q330,646 330,569Q330,526 346,492Q362,458 366,454Q369,451 413.5,440Q458,429 520,429Q565,429 631.5,458Q698,487 764,535.5Q830,584 877.5,643Q925,702 932,762L986,719L986,428Q929,364 838.5,326Q748,288 583,288Q531,288 458.5,322Q386,356 316,412.5Q246,469 200,537Q154,605 154,672Q154,802 223,860.5Q292,919 410,919Q464,919 525,893Q586,867 640,827.5Q694,788 725,746ZM834,1346L941,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L834,1346ZM1308,1346L1415,1162L491,1162L385,1346L1308,1346ZM932,85L932,1336L1119,1336L1119,-25L932,85Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 690 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M694,1346L801,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L694,1346ZM319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1303 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M97,1166Q97,1269 125,1302Q153,1335 202,1335Q236,1335 283,1313.5Q330,1292 366.5,1261.5Q403,1231 403,1205Q403,1188 382.5,1169Q362,1150 341,1119.5Q320,1089 320,1037Q320,973 361,933Q402,893 460.5,864Q519,835 573,807Q627,779 653,740Q652,727 624,727Q595,727 533,751.5Q471,776 397,819Q323,862 254.5,918Q186,974 141.5,1037.5Q97,1101 97,1166ZM725,746L725,647Q671,679 617,698Q563,717 498,717Q428,717 379,681.5Q330,646 330,569Q330,526 346,492Q362,458 366,454Q369,451 413.5,440Q458,429 520,429Q565,429 631.5,458Q698,487 764,535.5Q830,584 877.5,643Q925,702 932,762L986,719L986,428Q929,364 838.5,326Q748,288 583,288Q531,288 458.5,322Q386,356 316,412.5Q246,469 200,537Q154,605 154,672Q154,802 223,860.5Q292,919 410,919Q464,919 525,893Q586,867 640,827.5Q694,788 725,746ZM834,1346L941,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L834,1346ZM1308,1346L1415,1162L491,1162L385,1346L1308,1346ZM932,85L932,1336L1119,1336L1119,-25L932,85Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(763 -250)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्◌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1993 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M694,1346L801,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L694,1346ZM319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" d="M97,1166Q97,1269 125,1302Q153,1335 202,1335Q236,1335 283,1313.5Q330,1292 366.5,1261.5Q403,1231 403,1205Q403,1188 382.5,1169Q362,1150 341,1119.5Q320,1089 320,1037Q320,973 361,933Q402,893 460.5,864Q519,835 573,807Q627,779 653,740Q652,727 624,727Q595,727 533,751.5Q471,776 397,819Q323,862 254.5,918Q186,974 141.5,1037.5Q97,1101 97,1166ZM725,746L725,647Q671,679 617,698Q563,717 498,717Q428,717 379,681.5Q330,646 330,569Q330,526 346,492Q362,458 366,454Q369,451 413.5,440Q458,429 520,429Q565,429 631.5,458Q698,487 764,535.5Q830,584 877.5,643Q925,702 932,762L986,719L986,428Q929,364 838.5,326Q748,288 583,288Q531,288 458.5,322Q386,356 316,412.5Q246,469 200,537Q154,605 154,672Q154,802 223,860.5Q292,919 410,919Q464,919 525,893Q586,867 640,827.5Q694,788 725,746ZM834,1346L941,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L834,1346ZM1308,1346L1415,1162L491,1162L385,1346L1308,1346ZM932,85L932,1336L1119,1336L1119,-25L932,85Z" /><path transform="translate(1948 25)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्ग्घ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G26659" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G26659" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R5</span></span> In conformance with the ISCII standard, the half-consonant form <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RRA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1nqpeas">h</sub></span> is represented as eyelash-<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span>. This form of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> is commonly used in writing Marathi and Newari. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-wc7w81"><td>RRA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>RRA<sub>h</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0931 ऱ DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298ZM163,69Q163,87 185.5,116Q208,145 237,167.5Q266,190 284,190Q302,190 331,167.5Q360,145 382.5,116Q405,87 405,69Q405,51 382.5,22Q360,-7 331,-29.5Q302,-52 284,-52Q266,-52 237,-29.5Q208,-7 185.5,22Q163,51 163,69Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऱ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0931 ऱ DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 911 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M66,628L114,677Q181,596 267.5,544.5Q354,493 443,493Q523,493 605,539.5Q687,586 729,668L941,535Q893,445 809,388.5Q725,332 564,332Q506,332 437.5,359Q369,386 300,430Q231,474 170.5,526Q110,578 66,628ZM921,1346L1028,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L921,1346Z" /><path transform="translate(911)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऱ्‍</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G80053" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80053" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R5a</span></span> For compatibility with The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0, if the dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> precedes <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span>, then the half-consonant form <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1nqpeas">h</sub></span> , depicted as eyelash-<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span>, is used instead of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span> . </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-pgpl8p"><td>RA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWJ</td> <td>→</td> <td>RA<sub>h</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 911 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M66,628L114,677Q181,596 267.5,544.5Q354,493 443,493Q523,493 605,539.5Q687,586 729,668L941,535Q893,445 809,388.5Q725,332 564,332Q506,332 437.5,359Q369,386 300,430Q231,474 170.5,526Q110,578 66,628ZM921,1346L1028,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L921,1346Z" /><path transform="translate(911)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्‍</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15212" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15212" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R6</span></span> Except for the dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> , when a dead consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> precedes the live consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-qk0naw">l</sub></span>, then <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> is replaced with its nominal form <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> , and <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> is replaced by the subscript nonspacing mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span>, which is positioned so that it applies to <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span>. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">TTHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">TTHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1;" data-svelte-h="svelte-h8icdq"><i>Displayed<br>Output</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1344 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M775,1216L952,1214L952,969Q952,832 906,771Q971,731 1030,672Q1089,613 1126.5,541Q1164,469 1164,389Q1164,190 1049,105Q934,20 715,20Q636,20 544,63Q452,106 369,176Q286,246 233,330Q180,414 180,495Q180,630 240,713Q300,796 404,834Q508,872 639,872Q707,872 741,891.5Q775,911 775,974L775,1216ZM847,729Q801,711 730,711Q626,711 540,673Q454,635 403,561Q352,487 352,379Q352,309 370.5,276Q389,243 397,234Q410,222 457,203Q504,184 613,184Q705,184 791,219.5Q877,255 933,326Q989,397 989,505Q989,606 955,649.5Q921,693 847,729ZM798,1346L904,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L798,1346ZM1348,1346L1455,1162L424,1162L317,1346L1348,1346ZM1228,-624Q1091,-461 971,-365.5Q851,-270 741,-270Q681,-270 627,-299L499,-116Q519,-101 551,-90Q583,-79 622,-79Q691,-79 766,-117.5Q841,-156 916,-218.5Q991,-281 1060,-354Q1129,-427 1186.5,-498Q1244,-569 1284,-624L1228,-624Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1344 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M775,1216L952,1214L952,969Q952,832 906,771Q971,731 1030,672Q1089,613 1126.5,541Q1164,469 1164,389Q1164,190 1049,105Q934,20 715,20Q636,20 544,63Q452,106 369,176Q286,246 233,330Q180,414 180,495Q180,630 240,713Q300,796 404,834Q508,872 639,872Q707,872 741,891.5Q775,911 775,974L775,1216ZM847,729Q801,711 730,711Q626,711 540,673Q454,635 403,561Q352,487 352,379Q352,309 370.5,276Q389,243 397,234Q410,222 457,203Q504,184 613,184Q705,184 791,219.5Q877,255 933,326Q989,397 989,505Q989,606 955,649.5Q921,693 847,729ZM798,1346L904,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L798,1346ZM1348,1346L1455,1162L424,1162L317,1346L1348,1346Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M-396,38L-93,-275L-147,-319L-323,-138L-559,-330L-679,-185L-396,38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1344 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M775,1216L952,1214L952,969Q952,832 906,771Q971,731 1030,672Q1089,613 1126.5,541Q1164,469 1164,389Q1164,190 1049,105Q934,20 715,20Q636,20 544,63Q452,106 369,176Q286,246 233,330Q180,414 180,495Q180,630 240,713Q300,796 404,834Q508,872 639,872Q707,872 741,891.5Q775,911 775,974L775,1216ZM847,729Q801,711 730,711Q626,711 540,673Q454,635 403,561Q352,487 352,379Q352,309 370.5,276Q389,243 397,234Q410,222 457,203Q504,184 613,184Q705,184 791,219.5Q877,255 933,326Q989,397 989,505Q989,606 955,649.5Q921,693 847,729ZM798,1346L904,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L798,1346ZM1348,1346L1455,1162L424,1162L317,1346L1348,1346ZM664,-25L967,-338L913,-382L737,-201L501,-393L381,-248L664,-25Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ्र</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15250" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15250" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R7</span></span> For certain consonants, the mark <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span> may graphically combine with the consonant to form a conjunct ligature form. These combinations, such as the one shown here, are further addressed by the ligature rules described shortly. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">PHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">PHA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span></td> <td></td> <td style="font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1;" data-svelte-h="svelte-h8icdq"><i>Displayed<br>Output</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,74L739,1338L926,1338L926,-35L739,74ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /><path transform="translate(1076 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,74L739,1338L926,1338L926,-35L739,74ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M-396,38L-93,-275L-147,-319L-323,-138L-559,-330L-679,-185L-396,38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,84L739,1346L926,1346L926,-25L739,84ZM838,618L838,380L507,76L238,76L838,618ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ्र</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15289" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15289" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R8</span></span> If a dead consonant (other than <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> ) precedes <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> , then the substitution of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> for <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span> is performed as described above; however, the <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">VIRAMA</span> that formed <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> remains so as to form a dead consonant conjunct form. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-1jijsf7"><td>TA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>TA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>sub</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>T.RA<sub>d</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(766 -53)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M-396,38L-93,-275L-147,-319L-323,-138L-559,-330L-679,-185L-396,38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1171 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /><path transform="translate(1132 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र्</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"> A dead consonant conjunct form that contains an absorbed <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsfrc0">d</sub></span> may subsequently combine to form a multipart conjunct form. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-wyk1x6"><td>T.RA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>YA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>T.R.YA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1171 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /><path transform="translate(1132 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1226 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2158 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M247,266L962,702L962,443L438,98L247,266ZM735,1346L842,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L735,1346ZM942,1346L1048,1162L216,1162L109,1346L942,1346ZM962,706L962,630L957,617Q883,647 809.5,693Q736,739 661.5,775Q587,811 507,811Q451,811 393.5,789.5Q336,768 281,717L150,937Q197,980 246,998Q295,1016 344,1016Q430,1016 515.5,973.5Q601,931 681.5,873.5Q762,816 833,767.5Q904,719 962,706Z" /><path transform="translate(932)" d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र्य</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G24340" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G24340" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Modifier Mark Rules.</span></span> In addition to vowel signs, three other types of combining marks may be applied to a component of an orthographic syllable or to the syllable as a whole: <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-zkbi1h">bindus</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1e1ywe">svaras</i> (such as <span title="U+0951 ◌॑ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0951 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA</span></span> and <span title="U+0952 ◌॒ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0952 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA</span></span>).</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15360" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15360" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R9</span></span> The nukta sign, which modifies a consonant form, is placed immediately after the consonant in the memory representation and is attached to that consonant in rendering. If the consonant represents a dead consonant, then <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">NUKTA</span> should precede <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">VIRAMA</span> in the memory representation. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-1810abm"><td>KA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>NUKTA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>VIRAMA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>QA<sub>d</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093C ◌़ DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(936 19)" d="M-524,-250Q-524,-232 -501.5,-203Q-479,-174 -450,-151.5Q-421,-129 -403,-129Q-385,-129 -356,-151.5Q-327,-174 -304.5,-203Q-282,-232 -282,-250Q-282,-268 -304.5,-297Q-327,-326 -356,-348.5Q-385,-371 -403,-371Q-421,-371 -450,-348.5Q-479,-326 -501.5,-297Q-524,-268 -524,-250Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌़</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+093C ◌़ DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661ZM418,123Q418,141 440.5,170Q463,199 492,221.5Q521,244 539,244Q557,244 586,221.5Q615,199 637.5,170Q660,141 660,123Q660,105 637.5,76Q615,47 586,24.5Q557,2 539,2Q521,2 492,24.5Q463,47 440.5,76Q418,105 418,123Z" /><path transform="translate(1140 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क़्</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G80479" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80479" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R10</span></span> Other modifying marks, in particular bindus and svaras, apply to the orthographic syllable as a whole and should follow (in the memory representation) all other characters that constitute the syllable. The bindus should follow any vowel signs, and the svaras should come last. A bindu and svara are placed side by side when they coexist on top of an orthographic syllable; the horizontal order may vary according to typographic concerns. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">KA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">AA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CANDRABINDU<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1621 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M298,1346L405,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L298,1346ZM559,1346L665,1162L257,1162L150,1346L559,1346ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ा</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0901 ◌ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(960 -190)" d="M-800,1719L-757,1765Q-670,1656 -604.5,1610Q-539,1564 -465,1564Q-373,1564 -294.5,1614Q-216,1664 -173,1779L32,1647Q-22,1509 -116,1455.5Q-210,1402 -356,1402Q-405,1402 -466.5,1432.5Q-528,1463 -591,1511Q-654,1559 -709,1614.5Q-764,1670 -800,1719ZM-581,1813Q-581,1831 -558.5,1860Q-536,1889 -507,1911.5Q-478,1934 -460,1934Q-442,1934 -413,1911.5Q-384,1889 -361.5,1860Q-339,1831 -339,1813Q-339,1795 -361.5,1766Q-384,1737 -413,1714.5Q-442,1692 -460,1692Q-478,1692 -507,1714.5Q-536,1737 -558.5,1766Q-581,1795 -581,1813Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ँ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA U+0901 ◌ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2261 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1706)" d="M298,1346L405,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L298,1346ZM559,1346L665,1162L257,1162L150,1346L559,1346ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(2412 86)" d="M-800,1719L-757,1765Q-670,1656 -604.5,1610Q-539,1564 -465,1564Q-373,1564 -294.5,1614Q-216,1664 -173,1779L32,1647Q-22,1509 -116,1455.5Q-210,1402 -356,1402Q-405,1402 -466.5,1432.5Q-528,1463 -591,1511Q-654,1559 -709,1614.5Q-764,1670 -800,1719ZM-581,1813Q-581,1831 -558.5,1860Q-536,1889 -507,1911.5Q-478,1934 -460,1934Q-442,1934 -413,1911.5Q-384,1889 -361.5,1860Q-339,1831 -339,1813Q-339,1795 -361.5,1766Q-384,1737 -413,1714.5Q-442,1692 -460,1692Q-478,1692 -507,1714.5Q-536,1737 -558.5,1766Q-581,1795 -581,1813Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">काँ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G80526" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80526" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligature Rules.</span></span> Subsequent to the application of the rules just described, a set of rules governing ligature formation apply. The precise application of these rules depends on the availability of glyphs in the current font being used to display the text.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15458" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15458" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R11</span></span> If a dead consonant immediately precedes another dead consonant or a live consonant, then the first dead consonant may join the subsequent element to form a two-part conjunct ligature form. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-6l6r65"><td>JA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>NYA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>J.NYA<sub>n</sub></td> <td style="width: 3em;"></td> <td>TTA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>TTHA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>TT.TTHA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1422 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1426,1346L1532,1162L610,1162L503,1346L1426,1346ZM1051,85L1051,1311L1238,1311L1238,-25L1051,85ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /><path transform="translate(910 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1389 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M458,776L286,964Q330,1001 387.5,1023Q445,1045 543,1045Q590,1045 645,1016Q700,987 752,940.5Q804,894 842,840.5Q880,787 893,738Q914,743 941.5,757Q969,771 992,794Q1033,835 1053,876L1053,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L1392,1346L1498,1162L1240,1162L1240,-25L1053,84L1053,606Q1023,597 973,597Q961,597 939.5,602Q918,607 903,612Q856,350 581,350Q503,350 427,385Q351,420 282.5,478.5Q214,537 159.5,606.5Q105,676 72,745L117,773Q168,696 213,645.5Q258,595 323.5,571Q389,547 499,547Q602,547 669.5,615.5Q737,684 737,776Q737,838 729,856Q721,874 718,876Q713,880 699,886Q685,892 650,892Q599,892 545.5,854Q492,816 458,776Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1271 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1274,1346L1382,1162L467,1162L361,1346L1274,1346ZM900,84L899,1346L1087,1346L1087,-25L900,84ZM939,1012L939,846L482,846Q540,808 601,746.5Q662,685 703.5,617.5Q745,550 745,493Q745,386 685.5,317.5Q626,249 509,240L719,-46L666,-85L425,237Q366,239 303,270.5Q240,302 197,351.5Q154,401 154,456Q154,539 229,539Q258,539 296.5,509Q335,479 389,403Q452,403 491,433.5Q530,464 547.5,503Q565,542 565,567Q565,668 493,740Q400,833 136,944L162,1012L939,1012Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्ञ</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1127 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M892,1229L893,752Q692,731 559,698Q426,665 360,598.5Q294,532 294,409Q294,373 302,331.5Q310,290 321.5,257.5Q333,225 343,216Q363,200 429.5,185.5Q496,171 558,171Q757,171 921,308L1057,95Q1008,48 917,21Q826,-6 682,-6Q617,-6 539.5,22.5Q462,51 385,101Q308,151 244.5,214.5Q181,278 142.5,349.5Q104,421 104,492Q104,616 149.5,694.5Q195,773 277,817.5Q359,862 469,882.5Q579,903 708,911L708,1229L892,1229ZM806,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L806,1346ZM1131,1346L1238,1162L315,1162L207,1346L1131,1346ZM1118,-614Q981,-451 861,-355.5Q741,-260 631,-260Q571,-260 517,-289L389,-106Q409,-91 441,-80Q473,-69 512,-69Q581,-69 656,-107.5Q731,-146 806,-208.5Q881,-271 950,-344Q1019,-417 1076.5,-488Q1134,-559 1174,-614L1118,-614Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1344 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M775,1216L952,1214L952,969Q952,832 906,771Q971,731 1030,672Q1089,613 1126.5,541Q1164,469 1164,389Q1164,190 1049,105Q934,20 715,20Q636,20 544,63Q452,106 369,176Q286,246 233,330Q180,414 180,495Q180,630 240,713Q300,796 404,834Q508,872 639,872Q707,872 741,891.5Q775,911 775,974L775,1216ZM847,729Q801,711 730,711Q626,711 540,673Q454,635 403,561Q352,487 352,379Q352,309 370.5,276Q389,243 397,234Q410,222 457,203Q504,184 613,184Q705,184 791,219.5Q877,255 933,326Q989,397 989,505Q989,606 955,649.5Q921,693 847,729ZM798,1346L904,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L798,1346ZM1348,1346L1455,1162L424,1162L317,1346L1348,1346Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1099 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM1102,1346L1208,1162L196,1162L89,1346L1102,1346ZM776,1285L776,904Q615,887 508.5,864Q402,841 349.5,794.5Q297,748 297,659Q297,616 310.5,576Q324,536 336,525Q352,512 405.5,500.5Q459,489 508,489Q666,489 799,599L908,428Q869,391 796,369Q723,347 608,347Q543,347 463.5,379Q384,411 311.5,465Q239,519 192,587Q145,655 145,726Q145,848 208.5,908.5Q272,969 381.5,993.5Q491,1018 628,1031L628,1285L776,1285ZM629,481L771,480L771,284Q771,174 734,125Q812,77 876.5,-4Q941,-85 941,-180Q941,-340 849,-407.5Q757,-475 581,-475Q518,-475 444,-440.5Q370,-406 304,-350Q238,-294 195.5,-227Q153,-160 153,-95Q153,13 201,79Q249,145 332.5,175.5Q416,206 521,206Q575,206 602,222Q629,238 629,288L629,481ZM687,92Q650,77 593,77Q468,77 379.5,9.5Q291,-58 291,-188Q291,-244 305.5,-270.5Q320,-297 327,-304Q338,-314 375.5,-329Q413,-344 500,-344Q573,-344 642,-316Q711,-288 756,-230.5Q801,-173 801,-87Q801,-7 773.5,28Q746,63 687,92Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट्ठ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15478" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15478" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R12</span></span> A conjunct ligature form can itself behave as a dead consonant and enter into further, more complex ligatures. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-80hmn7"><td>SA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>TA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>SA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>T.RA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>S.T.RA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1425 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,705L535,781Q580,741 634,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q912,672 996.5,738.5Q1081,805 1147,902L1147,563Q1116,532 1047.5,514Q979,496 906,496Q799,497 701,556.5Q603,616 535,705ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1430,1346L1537,1162L609,1162L502,1346L1430,1346ZM1054,84L1054,1346L1241,1346L1241,-25L1054,84ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1384 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1425 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,705L535,781Q580,741 634,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q912,672 996.5,738.5Q1081,805 1147,902L1147,563Q1116,532 1047.5,514Q979,496 906,496Q799,497 701,556.5Q603,616 535,705ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1430,1346L1537,1162L609,1162L502,1346L1430,1346ZM1054,84L1054,1346L1241,1346L1241,-25L1054,84ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1384 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1171 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2235 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1095,818L1094,531Q1063,515 1012.5,505.5Q962,496 906,496Q799,497 700.5,556.5Q602,616 535,704L535,781Q579,741 633.5,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q855,672 935.5,713Q1016,754 1095,818ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1074,1346L1181,1162L172,1162L64,1346L1074,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1064)" d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्त्र</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"> A conjunct ligature form can also produce a half-form. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-znfj9e"><td>K.SSA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>YA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>K.SS<sub>h</sub> + YA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1567 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1251,919L1261,672Q1203,611 993,611Q919,611 814,640Q709,669 601,717Q551,685 492,637.5Q433,590 390.5,538.5Q348,487 348,443Q348,400 359,367Q370,334 380,323Q388,316 423.5,308Q459,300 512,300Q547,300 578.5,309Q610,318 632,331Q618,362 607.5,393Q597,424 597,451Q597,481 614.5,500.5Q632,520 675,520Q696,520 734.5,497Q773,474 814,438Q855,402 883,363.5Q911,325 911,295Q911,249 897,223.5Q883,198 842,172L1081,-153L982,-221L750,139Q718,134 692,134Q628,134 552,158.5Q476,183 402.5,227Q329,271 271,329Q218,382 185.5,438Q153,494 153,549Q153,625 185,676Q217,727 267.5,766.5Q318,806 372,847Q327,876 277.5,924.5Q228,973 193.5,1026.5Q159,1080 159,1124Q159,1226 219,1286Q279,1346 385,1346Q448,1346 524,1315Q600,1284 669,1231.5Q738,1179 782.5,1113.5Q827,1048 827,979Q827,943 812,913.5Q797,884 771,858Q753,839 730.5,820Q708,801 683,781Q782,752 846,752Q912,752 981,778.5Q1050,805 1108,853Q1166,901 1199,963L1251,919ZM537,1199Q450,1199 403,1143Q356,1087 356,1011Q356,964 378,938.5Q400,913 433,890Q476,913 521.5,950Q567,987 599,1028.5Q631,1070 631,1106Q631,1170 608,1186Q606,1188 586,1193.5Q566,1199 537,1199ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L924,1162L817,1346L1226,1346ZM1568,1346L1675,1162L1245,1162L1138,1346L1568,1346ZM1196,84L1196,1346L1384,1346L1384,-25L1196,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1531 -54)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1226 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2361 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1139,1346L1246,1162L920,1162L812,1346L1139,1346ZM1251,963L1251,672Q1199,640 1139.5,625.5Q1080,611 1015,611Q916,611 810,640.5Q704,670 601,717Q551,685 492,637.5Q433,590 390.5,538.5Q348,487 348,443Q348,400 359,367Q370,334 380,323Q388,316 423.5,308Q459,300 512,300Q547,300 578.5,309Q610,318 632,331Q618,362 607.5,393Q597,424 597,451Q597,481 614.5,500.5Q632,520 675,520Q696,520 734.5,497Q773,474 814,438Q855,402 883,363.5Q911,325 911,295Q911,249 897,223.5Q883,198 842,172L1081,-153L982,-221L750,139Q718,134 692,134Q628,134 552,158.5Q476,183 402.5,227Q329,271 271,329Q218,382 185.5,438Q153,494 153,549Q153,625 185,676Q217,727 267.5,766.5Q318,806 372,847Q327,876 277.5,924.5Q228,973 193.5,1026.5Q159,1080 159,1124Q159,1226 219,1286Q279,1346 385,1346Q448,1346 524,1315Q600,1284 669,1231.5Q738,1179 782.5,1113.5Q827,1048 827,979Q827,943 812,913.5Q797,884 771,858Q753,839 730.5,820Q708,801 683,781Q778,753 866,753Q976,753 1076,801.5Q1176,850 1251,963ZM537,1199Q450,1199 403,1143Q356,1087 356,1011Q356,964 378,938.5Q400,913 433,890Q476,913 521.5,950Q567,987 599,1028.5Q631,1070 631,1106Q631,1170 608,1186Q606,1188 586,1193.5Q566,1199 537,1199Z" /><path transform="translate(1135)" d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226ZM752,1346L859,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L752,1346ZM1230,1346L1337,1162L456,1162L349,1346L1230,1346ZM855,84L855,1346L1042,1346L1042,-25L855,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष्य</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15505" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15505" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R13</span></span> If a nominal consonant or conjunct ligature form precedes <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span> as a result of the application of rule R6, then the consonant or ligature form may join with <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-6fmxtu">sub</sub></span> to form a multipart conjunct ligature (see rule R6 for more information). </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-60cal1"><td>KA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>sub</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>K.RA<sub>n</sub></td> <td style="width: 3em;"></td> <td>PHA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>sub</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>PH.RA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M-396,38L-93,-275L-147,-319L-323,-138L-559,-330L-679,-185L-396,38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1708,1346L1815,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1708,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM860,648L860,410L419,11L150,11L860,648ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्र</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,74L739,1338L926,1338L926,-35L739,74ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1066)" d="M-396,38L-93,-275L-147,-319L-323,-138L-559,-330L-679,-185L-396,38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,84L739,1346L926,1346L926,-25L739,84ZM838,618L838,380L507,76L238,76L838,618ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ्र</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15557" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15557" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R14</span></span> In some cases, other combining marks will combine with a base consonant, either attaching at a nonstandard location or changing shape. In minimal rendering, there are only two cases: <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1pra2p4">l</sub></span> with <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">U<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span> or <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">UU<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span>. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-ide7rr"><td>RA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>U<sub>vs</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>RU<sub>n</sub></td> <td style="width: 3em;"></td> <td>RA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>UU<sub>vs</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>RUU<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0941 ◌ु DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(923 -20)" d="M-419,-40Q-366,-40 -300.5,-68Q-235,-96 -174.5,-142.5Q-114,-189 -74.5,-244.5Q-35,-300 -35,-355Q-35,-496 -127,-565.5Q-219,-635 -373,-635Q-472,-635 -574,-597.5Q-676,-560 -773,-499.5Q-870,-439 -955,-370.5Q-1040,-302 -1105,-241L-1064,-189Q-984,-261 -889.5,-323.5Q-795,-386 -695.5,-425Q-596,-464 -504,-464Q-460,-464 -405,-451.5Q-350,-439 -299.5,-413.5Q-249,-388 -216.5,-349Q-184,-310 -184,-258Q-184,-224 -197,-206.5Q-210,-189 -245,-189Q-294,-189 -333.5,-211.5Q-373,-234 -408,-274L-595,-102Q-538,-40 -419,-40Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ु</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0941 ◌ु DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1275 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1011,315L832,477Q906,548 939,606Q972,664 972,733Q972,762 968,768.5Q964,775 962,778Q958,784 926,796Q894,808 841,808Q773,808 734,771Q695,734 664,680.5Q633,627 592.5,575Q552,523 481,493L481,828Q525,891 593.5,937.5Q662,984 771,984Q840,984 903.5,943Q967,902 1017,838.5Q1067,775 1095.5,706.5Q1124,638 1124,584Q1124,505 1099,445Q1074,385 1011,315ZM832,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L832,1346ZM1278,1346L1385,1162L299,1162L192,1346L1278,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रु</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0942 ◌ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(568 -20)" d="M-301,-40Q-174,-40 38,-236L448,-615L416,-673L28,-313Q-35,-254 -84,-231.5Q-133,-209 -190,-209Q-269,-209 -319.5,-266Q-370,-323 -370,-393Q-370,-416 -358.5,-435.5Q-347,-455 -331,-455Q-295,-455 -250.5,-428Q-206,-401 -169,-364L21,-533Q-15,-572 -69,-593Q-123,-614 -182,-614Q-241,-614 -304,-581Q-367,-548 -421.5,-495Q-476,-442 -510,-380Q-544,-318 -544,-260Q-544,-148 -475,-94Q-406,-40 -301,-40Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ू</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0942 ◌ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1625 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M506,881L532,923Q585,891 647,870Q709,849 774,837L861,669Q773,685 681,741Q589,797 506,881ZM938,961Q1070,961 1163,908Q1256,855 1322.5,765Q1389,675 1439.5,562.5Q1490,450 1536,332L1475,301Q1436,393 1394,480.5Q1352,568 1302,638.5Q1252,709 1190.5,751Q1129,793 1049,793Q970,793 920,738Q870,683 870,609Q870,578 873.5,566Q877,554 878,552Q880,551 886.5,549Q893,547 909,547Q945,547 989.5,574Q1034,601 1071,639L1261,470Q1225,430 1171,409Q1117,388 1059,388Q1000,388 936.5,421.5Q873,455 818.5,508.5Q764,562 730,624Q696,686 696,742Q696,814 731.5,862.5Q767,911 822.5,936Q878,961 938,961ZM832,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L832,1346ZM1629,1346L1736,1162L780,1162L672,1346L1629,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रू</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G15609" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15609" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Memory Representation and Rendering Order.</span></span> The storage of plain text in Devanagari and all other Indic scripts generally follows phonetic order; that is, a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> syllable with a dependent vowel is always encoded as a consonant letter <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> followed by a vowel sign <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> in the memory representation. This order is employed by the ISCII standard and corresponds to both the phonetic order and the keying order of textual data (see <a href="#G15617" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-9</a>).</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G15617" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15617" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-9.</span> Rendering Order in Devanagari</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr style="font-size: 0.75em;" data-svelte-h="svelte-18vj3zs"><td colspan="3">Character Order</td> <td></td> <td colspan="3">Glyph Order</td></tr> <tr><td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">KA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">I<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">I<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">KA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1621 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM1135,1289L1087,1247Q1032,1308 967,1378Q902,1448 858,1491Q744,1605 654,1657.5Q564,1710 462,1710Q370,1710 331,1654Q292,1598 292,1517Q292,1443 321,1361.5Q350,1280 395,1188L243,1240Q172,1367 129,1466Q86,1565 86,1628Q86,1752 153,1802Q220,1852 323,1852Q469,1852 609.5,1773.5Q750,1695 910,1535Q955,1490 1019,1419.5Q1083,1349 1135,1289ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ि</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2261 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM404,1187L255,1237Q199,1320 153.5,1400Q108,1480 108,1565Q108,1673 163.5,1737Q219,1801 313,1829.5Q407,1858 522,1858Q680,1858 810.5,1805Q941,1752 1067,1651Q1193,1550 1337,1406Q1357,1387 1392.5,1349.5Q1428,1312 1448,1291L1399,1247Q1376,1271 1336.5,1312Q1297,1353 1273,1377Q1188,1463 1089.5,1540.5Q991,1618 874.5,1667Q758,1716 619,1716Q545,1716 473.5,1687.5Q402,1659 355.5,1601Q309,1543 309,1452Q309,1376 336.5,1309.5Q364,1243 404,1187ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कि</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>Because Devanagari and other Indic scripts have some dependent vowels that must be depicted to the left side of their consonant letter, the software that renders the Indic scripts must be able to reorder elements in mapping from the logical (character) store to the presentational (glyph) rendering. For example, if <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> denotes the nominal form of consonant <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span>, and <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span> denotes a left-side dependent vowel sign form of vowel <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span>, then a reordering of glyphs with respect to encoded characters occurs as just shown.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G15651" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G15651" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R15</span></span> When the dependent vowel <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">I<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span> is used to override the inherent vowel of a syllable, it is always written to the extreme left of the orthographic syllable. If the orthographic syllable contains a consonant cluster, then this vowel is always depicted to the left of that cluster. </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-rc419q"><td>TA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>I<sub>vs</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>T.RA<sub>n</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>I<sub>vs</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>I<sub>vs</sub> + T.RA<sub>n</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1621 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM1135,1289L1087,1247Q1032,1308 967,1378Q902,1448 858,1491Q744,1605 654,1657.5Q564,1710 462,1710Q370,1710 331,1654Q292,1598 292,1517Q292,1443 321,1361.5Q350,1280 395,1188L243,1240Q172,1367 129,1466Q86,1565 86,1628Q86,1752 153,1802Q220,1852 323,1852Q469,1852 609.5,1773.5Q750,1695 910,1535Q955,1490 1019,1419.5Q1083,1349 1135,1289ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ि</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1171 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1621 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM1135,1289L1087,1247Q1032,1308 967,1378Q902,1448 858,1491Q744,1605 654,1657.5Q564,1710 462,1710Q370,1710 331,1654Q292,1598 292,1517Q292,1443 321,1361.5Q350,1280 395,1188L243,1240Q172,1367 129,1466Q86,1565 86,1628Q86,1752 153,1802Q220,1852 323,1852Q469,1852 609.5,1773.5Q750,1695 910,1535Q955,1490 1019,1419.5Q1083,1349 1135,1289ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ि</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1726 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM404,1187L255,1237Q199,1320 153.5,1400Q108,1480 108,1565Q108,1673 163.5,1737Q219,1801 313,1829.5Q407,1858 522,1858Q680,1858 810.5,1805Q941,1752 1067,1651Q1193,1550 1337,1406Q1357,1387 1392.5,1349.5Q1428,1312 1448,1291L1399,1247Q1376,1271 1336.5,1312Q1297,1353 1273,1377Q1188,1463 1089.5,1540.5Q991,1618 874.5,1667Q758,1716 619,1716Q545,1716 473.5,1687.5Q402,1659 355.5,1601Q309,1543 309,1452Q309,1376 336.5,1309.5Q364,1243 404,1187ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1175,1346L1282,1162L373,1162L265,1346L1175,1346ZM800,84L800,1326L988,1326L988,-25L800,84ZM911,703L877,617Q803,647 729.5,693Q656,739 581.5,775Q507,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 554,906.5Q624,860 688.5,813.5Q753,767 809,735Q865,703 911,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्रि</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="svelte-yjp226"><span class="svelte-yjp226"><span id="G686350" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G686350" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>R16</span></span> <i>The presence of an explicit virama (either caused by a ZWNJ or by the absence of a conjunct in the font) blocks this reordering, and the dependent vowel <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">I<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span><b data-svelte-h="svelte-br4gtg">is rendered after the rightmost such explicit virama.</b></i> </p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-xtwblh"><td>TA<sub>d</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>ZWNJ</td> <td>+</td> <td>RA<sub>l</sub></td> <td>+</td> <td>I<sub>vs</sub></td> <td>→</td> <td>TA<sub>d</sub> + I<sub>vs</sub> + RA<sub>l</sub></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM237 255H293L393 79V255H442V3H389L287 182V3H237ZM626 103V97Q626 44 657 44Q685 44 685 83V259H738V84Q738 1 659 1Q576 1 576 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1621 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM1135,1289L1087,1247Q1032,1308 967,1378Q902,1448 858,1491Q744,1605 654,1657.5Q564,1710 462,1710Q370,1710 331,1654Q292,1598 292,1517Q292,1443 321,1361.5Q350,1280 395,1188L243,1240Q172,1367 129,1466Q86,1565 86,1628Q86,1752 153,1802Q220,1852 323,1852Q469,1852 609.5,1773.5Q750,1695 910,1535Q955,1490 1019,1419.5Q1083,1349 1135,1289ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(555)" d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ि</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+093F ◌ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 2619 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /><path transform="translate(1157 -56)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /><path transform="translate(1196)" /><path transform="translate(1196)" d="M559,1346L665,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L559,1346ZM1135,1289L1087,1247Q1032,1308 967,1378Q902,1448 858,1491Q744,1605 654,1657.5Q564,1710 462,1710Q370,1710 331,1654Q292,1598 292,1517Q292,1443 321,1361.5Q350,1280 395,1188L243,1240Q172,1367 129,1466Q86,1565 86,1628Q86,1752 153,1802Q220,1852 323,1852Q469,1852 609.5,1773.5Q750,1695 910,1535Q955,1490 1019,1419.5Q1083,1349 1135,1289ZM184,85L184,1344L371,1344L371,-25L184,85Z" /><path transform="translate(1751)" d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्‌रि</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G721717" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G721717" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Alternative Forms of Cluster-Initial RA.</span></span> In addition to <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i> (rule R2) and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ipmtpn">eyelash</i> (rule R5a), a cluster-initial <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> may also take its nominal form while the following consonant takes a reduced form. This behavior is required by languages that make a morphological distinction between “<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i> on <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">YA</span>” and “<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> with reduced <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">YA</span>”, such as Braj Bhasha. To trigger this behavior, a ZWJ is placed immediately before the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> to request a reduced form of the following consonant, while preventing the formation of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i>, as shown in the third example below.</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 11286 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M499 608V539H281Q299 495 299 439Q299 318 193 226Q288 123 458 4L446 -14Q338 59 237 147Q82 282 82 342Q82 387 142 387Q174 387 211 374Q242 416 242 456Q242 486 220 539H-2V608Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-362 -59 -388 17Q-308 17 -264 -1Q-214 -22 -166 -80Q-118 -138 -101 -239H-124Q-142 -157 -200.5 -107.5Q-259 -58 -342 -58Q-354 -58 -362 -59Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 13517 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M598 608V539H450V-17H439L373 50V206Q285 147 213 147Q140 147 90.5 201Q41 255 39 329Q161 329 161 442Q161 478 136 539H-2V608ZM373 539H184Q210 464 211 408Q212 347 177.5 306.5Q143 266 82 259Q112 189 182 189Q253 189 373 306Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d" style="font-size: 1.5em;"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 582 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M289,136C325,136 366,146 406,172L405,42L485,-10L495,-10L493,545L610,545L610,555L576,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L162,545C183,514 191,486 191,469C191,424 144,396 40,371C64,239 170,136 289,136ZM409,545L407,270C347,221 295,199 250,199C182,199 129,250 127,310C224,337 263,375 263,426C263,457 248,498 217,545L409,545Z" /><path transform="translate(582)" d="M-12,830C-31,884 -69,911 -127,911C-216,911 -254,850 -254,789C-254,725 -214,668 -154,608L-102,608C-152,665 -182,706 -182,757C-182,804 -154,840 -89,840C-63,840 -38,833 -16,824L-12,830Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्य</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 11286 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M499 608V539H281Q299 495 299 439Q299 318 193 226Q288 123 458 4L446 -14Q338 59 237 147Q82 282 82 342Q82 387 142 387Q174 387 211 374Q242 416 242 456Q242 486 220 539H-2V608Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-362 -59 -388 17Q-308 17 -264 -1Q-214 -22 -166 -80Q-118 -138 -101 -239H-124Q-142 -157 -200.5 -107.5Q-259 -58 -342 -58Q-354 -58 -362 -59Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 13517 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M598 608V539H450V-17H439L373 50V206Q285 147 213 147Q140 147 90.5 201Q41 255 39 329Q161 329 161 442Q161 478 136 539H-2V608ZM373 539H184Q210 464 211 408Q212 347 177.5 306.5Q143 266 82 259Q112 189 182 189Q253 189 373 306Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d" style="font-size: 1.5em;"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 881 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M409,545L409,555L375,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L409,545ZM386,347C317,312 273,300 224,300C161,300 105,320 42,364L19,331C105,256 174,223 255,223C302,223 346,234 421,271L386,347Z" /><path transform="translate(299)" /><path transform="translate(299)" /><path transform="translate(299)" d="M289,136C325,136 366,146 406,172L405,42L485,-10L495,-10L493,545L610,545L610,555L576,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L162,545C183,514 191,486 191,469C191,424 144,396 40,371C64,239 170,136 289,136ZM409,545L407,270C347,221 295,199 250,199C182,199 129,250 127,310C224,337 263,375 263,426C263,457 248,498 217,545L409,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र्‍‍य</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 11286 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M499 608V539H281Q299 495 299 439Q299 318 193 226Q288 123 458 4L446 -14Q338 59 237 147Q82 282 82 342Q82 387 142 387Q174 387 211 374Q242 416 242 456Q242 486 220 539H-2V608Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-362 -59 -388 17Q-308 17 -264 -1Q-214 -22 -166 -80Q-118 -138 -101 -239H-124Q-142 -157 -200.5 -107.5Q-259 -58 -342 -58Q-354 -58 -362 -59Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 13517 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M598 608V539H450V-17H439L373 50V206Q285 147 213 147Q140 147 90.5 201Q41 255 39 329Q161 329 161 442Q161 478 136 539H-2V608ZM373 539H184Q210 464 211 408Q212 347 177.5 306.5Q143 266 82 259Q112 189 182 189Q253 189 373 306Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d" style="font-size: 1.5em;"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 891 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /><path transform="translate(394)" /><path transform="translate(394)" d="M525,545L525,555L491,620L-30,620L-30,610L4,545L324,545L321,181C272,140 222,118 183,118C134,118 96,153 95,194C186,222 222,258 222,309C222,364 178,458 54,458L-157,458L-142,385L79,385C145,385 152,366 152,350C152,309 104,279 9,254C29,142 113,55 214,55C249,55 287,65 319,85L321,84L320,7L400,-45L410,-45L408,545L525,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र‍्य</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p>Similar, special rendering behavior of cluster-initial RA is noted in other scripts of India. See, for example, “Interaction of Repha and Ya-phalaa” in <a href="#G664195" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.2, Bengali (Bangla)</a>, “Reph” in <a href="#G81985" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.7, Telugu</a>, and “Consonant Clusters Involving RA” in <a href="#G38298" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.8, Kannada</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G686409" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G686409" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Sample Half-Forms.</span></span> <a href="#G63004" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-4</a> shows examples of half-consonant forms that are commonly used with the Devanagari script. These forms are glyphs, not characters. They may be encoded explicitly using <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> as shown. In normal conjunct formation, they may be used spontaneously to depict a dead consonant in combination with subsequent consonant forms.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G63004" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G63004" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-4.</span> Sample Devanagari Half-Forms</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr> <td><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1218 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1222,1346L1329,1162L445,1162L338,1346L1222,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM1290,862L1290,708Q1203,708 1136,658.5Q1069,609 1026,540Q983,471 968,412L909,457L909,747Q947,797 1023.5,838.5Q1100,880 1197,880Q1221,880 1244.5,876Q1268,872 1290,862ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /><path transform="translate(1218)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M779,1346L886,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L779,1346ZM1401,1346L1508,1162L589,1162L482,1346L1401,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L889,1162L782,1346L1710,1346ZM1335,85L1335,1326L1522,1326L1522,-25L1335,85ZM401,1298L588,1298L588,703Q588,600 532,546Q476,492 390,472Q439,378 530,272.5Q621,167 737.5,77Q854,-13 977,-62L959,-139Q893,-114 807,-62Q721,-10 628,60Q535,130 447,210.5Q359,291 287.5,373.5Q216,456 174,533Q132,610 132,673Q132,716 154,739Q176,762 212,762Q255,762 284,741.5Q313,721 346,721Q367,721 384,739Q401,757 401,788L401,1298ZM1429,624L1422,632Q1447,595 1468,569L1519,503Q1457,415 1343.5,371.5Q1230,328 1108,328Q1038,328 962.5,366.5Q887,405 821.5,466.5Q756,528 715,600Q674,672 674,738Q674,1008 980,1008Q1080,1008 1171.5,951Q1263,894 1331.5,806Q1400,718 1429,624ZM1331,661Q1265,738 1196.5,779Q1128,820 1045,820Q955,820 890,765Q825,710 825,631Q825,609 834,572.5Q843,536 852,527Q865,514 913.5,489.5Q962,465 1033,465Q1083,465 1140,492.5Q1197,520 1248.5,565Q1300,610 1331,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ख</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1298 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M779,1346L886,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L779,1346ZM1302,1346L1409,1162L510,1162L402,1346L1302,1346ZM401,1298L588,1298L588,703Q588,600 532,546Q476,492 390,472Q439,378 530,272.5Q621,167 737.5,77Q854,-13 977,-62L959,-139Q893,-114 807,-62Q721,-10 628,60Q535,130 447,210.5Q359,291 287.5,373.5Q216,456 174,533Q132,610 132,673Q132,716 154,739Q176,762 212,762Q255,762 284,741.5Q313,721 346,721Q367,721 384,739Q401,757 401,788L401,1298ZM1333,611L1333,354Q1243,328 1146,328Q1076,328 1000.5,366.5Q925,405 859.5,466.5Q794,528 753,600Q712,672 712,738Q712,1008 1018,1008Q1105,1008 1187,963Q1269,918 1333,849L1333,700Q1276,759 1215.5,789.5Q1155,820 1083,820Q993,820 928,765Q863,710 863,631Q863,609 872,572.5Q881,536 890,527Q903,514 951.5,489.5Q1000,465 1071,465Q1133,465 1207,507.5Q1281,550 1333,611Z" /><path transform="translate(1298)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ख्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1222 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259ZM808,1346L914,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L808,1346ZM1226,1346L1333,1162L408,1162L301,1346L1226,1346ZM851,84L851,1336L1039,1336L1039,-25L851,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 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944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 690 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M694,1346L801,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L694,1346ZM319,1259L506,1259L506,523Q506,461 487.5,438.5Q469,416 434,416Q406,416 348,470L197,613Q173,636 153.5,662.5Q134,689 134,711Q134,749 155.5,764Q177,779 224,779L319,779L319,1259Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1303 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M97,1166Q97,1269 125,1302Q153,1335 202,1335Q236,1335 283,1313.5Q330,1292 366.5,1261.5Q403,1231 403,1205Q403,1188 382.5,1169Q362,1150 341,1119.5Q320,1089 320,1037Q320,973 361,933Q402,893 460.5,864Q519,835 573,807Q627,779 653,740Q652,727 624,727Q595,727 533,751.5Q471,776 397,819Q323,862 254.5,918Q186,974 141.5,1037.5Q97,1101 97,1166ZM725,746L725,647Q671,679 617,698Q563,717 498,717Q428,717 379,681.5Q330,646 330,569Q330,526 346,492Q362,458 366,454Q369,451 413.5,440Q458,429 520,429Q565,429 631.5,458Q698,487 764,535.5Q830,584 877.5,643Q925,702 932,762L986,719L986,428Q929,364 838.5,326Q748,288 583,288Q531,288 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498,717Q428,717 379,681.5Q330,646 330,569Q330,526 346,492Q362,458 366,454Q369,451 413.5,440Q458,429 520,429Q573,429 654,447Q735,465 822,504.5Q909,544 981,609.5Q1053,675 1089,770L1089,436Q1051,394 973.5,360.5Q896,327 794.5,307.5Q693,288 583,288Q531,288 458.5,322Q386,356 316,412.5Q246,469 200,537Q154,605 154,672Q154,802 223,860.5Q292,919 410,919Q464,919 525,893Q586,867 640,827.5Q694,788 725,746Z" /><path transform="translate(1059)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+091A च DEVANAGARI LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1408 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1098,693L1098,424Q1067,392 1011,357.5Q955,323 883,300Q811,277 733,277Q670,277 599.5,313Q529,349 466.5,408.5Q404,468 365,540.5Q326,613 326,687Q326,754 365,820L630,820L677,764Q605,742 556.5,672.5Q508,603 508,530Q508,484 528,450Q531,445 559,433.5Q587,422 633,422Q678,422 740,450Q802,478 864.5,524Q927,570 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svelte-12j2c1d">च्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1422 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1426,1346L1532,1162L610,1162L503,1346L1426,1346ZM1051,85L1051,1311L1238,1311L1238,-25L1051,85ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" 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d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1072,1346L1179,1162L206,1162L99,1346L1072,1346ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /><path transform="translate(1062)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1490 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1174,711L1175,530Q1131,543 1099,547Q1067,551 1037,551Q997,551 955.5,537Q914,523 854,488L782,602Q853,661 954.5,686.5Q1056,712 1143,712Q1151,712 1159,712Q1167,712 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class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M858,1346L965,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L858,1346ZM1154,1346L1261,1162L349,1162L241,1346L1154,1346ZM1174,711L1175,530Q1131,543 1099,547Q1067,551 1037,551Q997,551 955.5,537Q914,523 854,488L782,602Q853,661 954.5,686.5Q1056,712 1143,712Q1151,712 1159,712Q1167,712 1174,711ZM854,1229L853,852L489,852Q425,852 384,826Q343,800 343,732Q343,678 364,657Q372,649 402,649Q438,649 463,657.5Q488,666 519.5,674.5Q551,683 604,683Q661,683 725.5,652Q790,621 848,570Q906,519 942.5,458Q979,397 979,337Q979,216 890,140Q801,64 665,52L827,-136L779,-177L574,49Q452,49 373,85.5Q294,122 256,174.5Q218,227 218,274Q218,317 247,346.5Q276,376 331,376Q370,376 398.5,358Q427,340 464,296L531,217Q614,217 676,257.5Q738,298 772,357.5Q806,417 806,475Q806,507 797,515.5Q788,524 761,524Q726,524 670.5,505Q615,486 538,486Q490,486 419,532Q348,578 283,642Q228,698 190.5,753.5Q153,809 153,851Q153,911 174.5,946.5Q196,982 254,998Q312,1014 421,1014L666,1014L666,1229L854,1229Z" /><path transform="translate(1144)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">झ्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1389 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M458,776L286,964Q330,1001 387.5,1023Q445,1045 543,1045Q590,1045 645,1016Q700,987 752,940.5Q804,894 842,840.5Q880,787 893,738Q914,743 941.5,757Q969,771 992,794Q1033,835 1053,876L1053,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L1392,1346L1498,1162L1240,1162L1240,-25L1053,84L1053,606Q1023,597 973,597Q961,597 939.5,602Q918,607 903,612Q856,350 581,350Q503,350 427,385Q351,420 282.5,478.5Q214,537 159.5,606.5Q105,676 72,745L117,773Q168,696 213,645.5Q258,595 323.5,571Q389,547 499,547Q602,547 669.5,615.5Q737,684 737,776Q737,838 729,856Q721,874 718,876Q713,880 699,886Q685,892 650,892Q599,892 545.5,854Q492,816 458,776Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td> <td 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viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1048 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M734,1346L841,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L734,1346ZM1058,1346L1165,1162L261,1162L154,1346L1058,1346ZM1078,890L1078,620Q1064,610 1036.5,603.5Q1009,597 983,597Q971,597 944.5,602Q918,607 903,612Q856,350 581,350Q503,350 427,385Q351,420 282.5,478.5Q214,537 159.5,606.5Q105,676 72,745L117,773Q168,696 213,645.5Q258,595 323.5,571Q389,547 499,547Q602,547 669.5,615.5Q737,684 737,776Q737,838 729,856Q721,874 718,876Q713,880 699,886Q685,892 650,892Q599,892 545.5,854Q492,816 458,776L286,964Q330,1001 387.5,1023Q445,1045 543,1045Q590,1045 645,1016Q700,987 752,940.5Q804,894 842,840.5Q880,787 893,738Q914,743 943.5,754Q973,765 998,787Q1023,809 1045,838Q1067,867 1078,890Z" /><path transform="translate(1048)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0923 ण DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1367 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M153,1286L342,1286L342,682Q342,617 354.5,577Q367,537 374,529Q381,522 407.5,515Q434,508 473,508Q494,508 524.5,517.5Q555,527 585,557.5Q615,588 635,648Q655,708 655,809L655,1286L842,1286L842,680Q842,544 781,451.5Q720,359 578,359Q532,359 461,389Q390,419 319,479Q248,539 200.5,628.5Q153,718 153,837L153,1286ZM810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1370,1346L1477,1162L556,1162L450,1346L1370,1346ZM1026,84L1025,1326L1213,1326L1213,-25L1026,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ण</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 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943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 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585,557.5Q615,588 635,648Q655,708 655,809L655,1286L842,1286L842,680Q842,544 781,451.5Q720,359 578,359Q532,359 461,389Q390,419 319,479Q248,539 200.5,628.5Q153,718 153,837L153,1286Z" /><path transform="translate(996)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ण्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् 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332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 837 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M825,1346L930,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L825,1346ZM847,1346L954,1162L19,1162L-88,1346L847,1346ZM867,913L867,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L867,913Z" /><path transform="translate(837)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0925 थ DEVANAGARI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1400 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1086,777L1086,431Q1074,411 1025,379Q976,347 903.5,322Q831,297 746,297Q633,297 528.5,348.5Q424,400 341.5,484Q259,568 210,667Q284,682 359,717Q434,752 496,807Q447,824 389,858.5Q331,893 278.5,939Q226,985 192.5,1037Q159,1089 159,1141Q159,1272 230,1319Q301,1366 419,1366Q474,1366 543.5,1333.5Q613,1301 677.5,1246.5Q742,1192 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419,1366Q474,1366 543.5,1333.5Q613,1301 677.5,1246.5Q742,1192 784,1125.5Q826,1059 826,991Q826,786 707.5,671.5Q589,557 400,521Q447,490 519.5,471.5Q592,453 643,453Q738,453 826.5,506.5Q915,560 978,645.5Q1041,731 1058,827ZM521,1227Q445,1227 393.5,1170.5Q342,1114 342,1046Q342,979 352,967Q371,945 425,923Q479,901 570,887Q600,928 617,974Q634,1020 634,1069Q634,1128 623,1167.5Q612,1207 604,1211Q601,1213 582,1220Q563,1227 521,1227Z" /><path transform="translate(1028)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">थ्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1493 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1176,796L1181,468Q1143,422 1094.5,379.5Q1046,337 979,310Q912,283 819,283Q776,283 713.5,301.5Q651,320 583,353.5Q515,387 455.5,433.5Q396,480 359,537Q322,594 322,658Q322,799 402,852.5Q482,906 624,906Q712,906 793.5,879Q875,852 959,799L924,729Q896,739 846.5,747Q797,755 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CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 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2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1120,1346L1228,1162L875,1162L768,1346L1120,1346ZM1140,844L1140,459Q1114,423 1069,382.5Q1024,342 961.5,313Q899,284 818,284Q775,284 712.5,302.5Q650,321 582,354.5Q514,388 454.5,434.5Q395,481 358,538Q321,595 321,659Q321,800 401,853.5Q481,907 623,907Q711,907 792.5,880Q874,853 958,800L923,730Q895,740 845.5,748Q796,756 750,756Q701,756 646,729.5Q591,703 552.5,657.5Q514,612 514,555Q514,522 523.5,487.5Q533,453 540,448Q559,433 609.5,422Q660,411 715,411Q804,411 872,455Q940,499 991,567.5Q1042,636 1078.5,710Q1115,784 1140,844ZM371,1377Q412,1377 467.5,1349.5Q523,1322 576.5,1278Q630,1234 665.5,1183Q701,1132 701,1085Q701,1013 657.5,978.5Q614,944 536,935Q564,923 601,914Q638,905 672,905L655,787Q619,788 557.5,809.5Q496,831 426.5,868Q357,905 295,953.5Q233,1002 193.5,1058.5Q154,1115 154,1174Q154,1257 206,1317Q258,1377 371,1377ZM530,1221Q526,1224 511.5,1226.5Q497,1229 483,1229Q426,1229 384.5,1190Q343,1151 343,1098Q343,1063 363,1030Q404,1035 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328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 788 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M798,1346L904,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L798,1346ZM818,801L818,617L419,617L419,520Q419,477 397.5,456Q376,435 340,435Q310,435 268.5,466Q227,497 187,542.5Q147,588 121,632.5Q95,677 95,703Q95,751 117.5,776Q140,801 221,801L818,801Z" /><path transform="translate(788)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+092A प DEVANAGARI LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1326L984,1326L984,-25L795,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">प</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092A प DEVANAGARI LETTER PA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 807 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M817,1346L925,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L817,1346ZM837,871L837,528Q791,486 741.5,463.5Q692,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q635,588 723.5,668.5Q812,749 837,871Z" /><path transform="translate(807)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">प्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1587 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M850,1346L957,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L850,1346ZM1591,1346L1698,1162L733,1162L626,1346L1591,1346ZM739,74L739,1338L926,1338L926,-35L739,74ZM851,827L856,528Q815,490 758.5,465.5Q702,441 590,441Q541,441 472.5,480Q404,519 338,579.5Q272,640 228,707Q184,774 184,830L184,1301L368,1301L368,704Q368,650 391,625.5Q414,601 447,594.5Q480,588 510,588Q585,588 648.5,627.5Q712,667 752.5,731.5Q793,796 797,870L851,827ZM793,470L789,760Q834,814 902.5,855.5Q971,897 1083,897Q1151,897 1210,856Q1269,815 1314,751.5Q1359,688 1384.5,619Q1410,550 1410,494Q1410,373 1386,281.5Q1362,190 1320,98L1126,251Q1162,302 1199.5,373Q1237,444 1263,512Q1289,580 1289,620Q1289,666 1277,684Q1265,701 1227.5,714.5Q1190,728 1146,728Q1103,728 1054,696Q1005,664 960,615.5Q915,567 884.5,515.5Q854,464 848,425L793,470Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 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910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 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608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 842 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M757,1346L864,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L757,1346ZM852,1346L958,1162L91,1162L-16,1346L852,1346ZM214,614L214,1226L402,1226L402,614L214,614ZM872,695L872,511L409,511L409,414Q409,371 387.5,350Q366,329 330,329Q300,329 258.5,360Q217,391 177,436.5Q137,482 111,526.5Q85,571 85,597Q85,645 107.5,670Q130,695 211,695L872,695Z" /><path transform="translate(842)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">म्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1226 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q331,528 394.5,511Q458,494 507,494Q599,494 676,540.5Q753,587 801.5,664Q850,741 856,830L909,789L909,435Q876,400 793.5,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 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class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 892 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M796,1346L903,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L796,1346ZM902,1346L1009,1162L103,1162L-4,1346L902,1346ZM315,1226L392,1226Q478,1151 521.5,1059Q565,967 565,878Q565,767 497,677.5Q429,588 290,556Q336,524 389,509Q442,494 497,494Q589,494 677,531.5Q765,569 831,635.5Q897,702 922,789L922,435Q889,400 800,379Q711,358 610,358Q497,358 392.5,409.5Q288,461 205.5,545Q123,629 74,728Q163,735 238,777.5Q313,820 358.5,885.5Q404,951 404,1028Q404,1076 383,1126.5Q362,1177 315,1226Z" /><path transform="translate(892)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1507 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M730,736L747,716Q742,699 723.5,682Q705,665 689,656Q668,711 649,748.5Q630,786 598.5,805Q567,824 507,824Q443,824 406,791.5Q369,759 354,708.5Q339,658 339,602Q339,517 379,448.5Q419,380 484,325.5Q549,271 626.5,226.5Q704,182 779,144L726,78Q576,146 445.5,247Q315,348 234.5,471Q154,594 154,728Q154,852 223.5,927Q293,1002 409,1002Q448,1002 496,976.5Q544,951 591.5,910Q639,869 676,823Q713,777 730,736ZM820,474L694,419Q662,526 652,593.5Q642,661 642,728Q642,859 702.5,930.5Q763,1002 897,1002Q941,1002 991,974Q1041,946 1088.5,901Q1136,856 1174,805Q1212,754 1232,707Q1228,694 1210,679.5Q1192,665 1177,656Q1148,741 1112.5,782.5Q1077,824 995,824Q903,824 858,749.5Q813,675 813,566Q813,519 820,474ZM772,1346L879,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L772,1346ZM1510,1346L1617,1162L691,1162L584,1346L1510,1346ZM1136,84L1136,1324L1323,1324L1323,-25L1136,84Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 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789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1129 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M772,1346L879,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L772,1346ZM1139,1346L1245,1162L267,1162L159,1346L1139,1346ZM730,736L747,716Q742,699 723.5,682Q705,665 689,656Q658,739 623.5,781.5Q589,824 507,824Q443,824 406,791.5Q369,759 354,708.5Q339,658 339,602Q339,517 379,448.5Q419,380 484,325.5Q549,271 626.5,226.5Q704,182 779,144L726,78Q576,146 445.5,247Q315,348 234.5,471Q154,594 154,728Q154,852 223.5,927Q293,1002 409,1002Q448,1002 496,976.5Q544,951 591.5,910Q639,869 676,823Q713,777 730,736ZM820,474L694,419Q662,526 652,593.5Q642,661 642,728Q642,859 702.5,930.5Q763,1002 897,1002Q926,1002 965.5,983Q1005,964 1045,935Q1085,906 1116,876Q1147,846 1159,824L1159,721Q1128,795 1082,809.5Q1036,824 995,824Q903,824 858,749.5Q813,675 813,566Q813,519 820,474Z" /><path transform="translate(1129)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1331 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1119,521L1136,499Q1059,376 952,332Q845,288 672,288Q616,288 546.5,314.5Q477,341 408,386Q339,431 281,488Q223,545 188,607Q153,669 153,727Q153,833 204.5,894.5Q256,956 340,982Q424,1008 523,1008Q603,1008 694,962Q785,916 870.5,842.5Q956,769 1022,684Q1088,599 1119,521ZM960,646Q928,700 864.5,741Q801,782 728,805.5Q655,829 594,829Q532,829 475.5,801Q419,773 383.5,726Q348,679 348,621Q348,595 355,559Q362,523 369,512Q389,481 448.5,457Q508,433 576,433Q667,433 759,485Q851,537 960,646ZM827,1346L934,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L827,1346ZM1335,1346L1442,1162L515,1162L409,1346L1335,1346ZM960,83L960,1345L1147,1345L1147,-25L960,83Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">व</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 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328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1106 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1067,1346L1174,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L1067,1346ZM1116,1346L1222,1162L46,1162L-62,1346L1116,1346ZM1136,499Q1059,376 952,332Q845,288 672,288Q616,288 546.5,314.5Q477,341 408,386Q339,431 281,488Q223,545 188,607Q153,669 153,727Q153,833 204.5,894.5Q256,956 340,982Q424,1008 523,1008Q603,1008 696.5,958.5Q790,909 878.5,831.5Q967,754 1036,665.5Q1105,577 1136,499ZM960,646Q928,700 864.5,741Q801,782 728,805.5Q655,829 594,829Q532,829 475.5,801Q419,773 383.5,726Q348,679 348,621Q348,595 355,559Q362,523 369,512Q389,481 448.5,457Q508,433 576,433Q667,433 759,485Q851,537 960,646Z" /><path transform="translate(1106)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">व्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1404 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M805,1346L911,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L805,1346ZM1407,1346L1515,1162L588,1162L480,1346L1407,1346ZM1032,83L1032,1345L1220,1345L1220,-25L1032,83ZM457,1328Q518,1328 593.5,1288Q669,1248 738,1183Q807,1118 851.5,1041Q896,964 896,889Q896,775 850,673.5Q804,572 719.5,496Q635,420 521,381L805,35L760,-7L446,363Q398,355 351,355Q305,355 259.5,393Q214,431 184,485.5Q154,540 154,588Q154,614 173,641.5Q192,669 229,669Q254,669 283,648Q312,627 338.5,599.5Q365,572 380,554Q452,586 515.5,632Q579,678 628,742Q570,758 495.5,791Q421,824 352.5,872Q284,920 239,982.5Q194,1045 194,1120Q194,1241 267,1284.5Q340,1328 457,1328ZM393,935Q422,906 497,879.5Q572,853 677,830Q714,915 714,1018Q714,1050 705.5,1091Q697,1132 683,1142Q670,1152 655,1156.5Q640,1161 596,1161Q545,1161 494,1141Q443,1121 409.5,1084.5Q376,1048 376,997Q376,952 393,935Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 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690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 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class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M805,1346L911,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L805,1346ZM1054,1346L1160,1162L245,1162L139,1346L1054,1346ZM457,1328Q518,1328 593.5,1288Q669,1248 738,1183Q807,1118 851.5,1041Q896,964 896,889Q896,775 850,673.5Q804,572 719.5,496Q635,420 521,381L805,35L760,-7L446,363Q398,355 351,355Q305,355 259.5,393Q214,431 184,485.5Q154,540 154,588Q154,614 173,641.5Q192,669 229,669Q254,669 283,648Q312,627 338.5,599.5Q365,572 380,554Q452,586 515.5,632Q579,678 628,742Q570,758 495.5,791Q421,824 352.5,872Q284,920 239,982.5Q194,1045 194,1120Q194,1241 267,1284.5Q340,1328 457,1328ZM393,935Q422,906 497,879.5Q572,853 677,830Q714,915 714,1018Q714,1050 705.5,1091Q697,1132 683,1142Q670,1152 655,1156.5Q640,1161 596,1161Q545,1161 494,1141Q443,1121 409.5,1084.5Q376,1048 376,997Q376,952 393,935Z" /><path transform="translate(1050)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 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500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 861 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M871,1346L978,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L871,1346ZM218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM891,633L891,503Q860,474 775.5,442.5Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 692,603Q764,648 790,736L891,633Z" /><path transform="translate(861)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1425 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,705L535,781Q580,741 634,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q912,672 996.5,738.5Q1081,805 1147,902L1147,563Q1116,532 1047.5,514Q979,496 906,496Q799,497 701,556.5Q603,616 535,705ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1430,1346L1537,1162L609,1162L502,1346L1430,1346ZM1054,84L1054,1346L1241,1346L1241,-25L1054,84ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 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823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1064 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1095,818L1094,531Q1063,515 1012.5,505.5Q962,496 906,496Q799,497 700.5,556.5Q602,616 535,704L535,781Q579,741 633.5,706.5Q688,672 795,672Q855,672 935.5,713Q1016,754 1095,818ZM799,1346L906,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L799,1346ZM1074,1346L1181,1162L172,1162L64,1346L1074,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1064)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G17439" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G17439" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Sample Ligatures.</span></span> <a href="#G690572" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-5</a> shows examples of conjunct ligature forms that are commonly used with the Devanagari script. These forms are glyphs, not characters. Not every writing system that employs this script uses all of these forms; in particular, many of these forms are used only in writing Sanskrit texts. Furthermore, individual fonts may provide fewer or more ligature forms than are depicted here.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G690572" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G690572" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-5.</span> Sample Devanagari Ligatures</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: top; "><tr> <td><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 784 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M639,-116C684,-54 712,-9 712,53C712,94 701,128 684,154C704,190 718,223 718,263C718,383 623,444 576,444C546,444 505,423 456,386L455,545L812,545L812,555L778,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L374,545L373,384C334,433 277,473 211,473C133,473 55,420 55,334C55,290 74,247 105,214C84,193 70,165 70,132C70,49 147,-40 248,-40C288,-40 315,-29 372,11L371,-124L447,-177L457,-177L456,75C519,122 569,153 603,153C628,153 648,141 648,107C648,63 611,-4 565,-59L631,-116L639,-116ZM373,322C270,241 232,220 193,220C157,220 127,244 127,295C127,360 181,396 237,396C288,396 339,366 373,328L373,322ZM372,111C293,52 253,24 210,24C174,24 141,43 141,94C141,125 156,150 177,165C194,159 212,156 231,156C275,156 300,167 372,222L372,111ZM456,287C505,325 567,369 607,369C632,369 654,351 654,317C654,290 639,252 617,214C600,222 584,226 572,226C545,226 516,214 456,172L456,287Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्क</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 573 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,-10L266,25C154,153 125,188 125,248C125,311 172,360 269,360L398,360L396,42L476,-10L486,-10L484,545L601,545L601,555L567,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L400,545L399,435L258,435C131,435 48,393 48,294C48,208 118,112 213,-10L223,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 815 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M670,33C736,107 772,172 772,245C772,355 690,429 585,429L510,429L509,545L843,545L843,555L809,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L425,545L424,429L23,429L23,419L58,354L151,354C138,333 134,310 134,288C134,211 192,117 278,3L288,3L330,37C234,147 210,190 210,239C210,306 257,354 354,354L423,354L421,42L501,-10L511,-10L510,354L620,354C670,354 709,348 709,297C709,239 657,154 594,90L662,33L670,33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्त</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C538,425 489,396 452,368L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,246 92,178 173,157L53,74L111,16L366,204L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C510,311 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,303C306,256 236,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 367,310L366,303Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्र</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 572 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M289,155C323,155 360,164 396,187L395,42L475,-10L485,-10L483,545L600,545L600,555L566,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L74,545C74,491 73,432 73,388C73,373 73,353 74,335C76,266 185,155 289,155ZM159,493L380,277C326,241 276,220 241,220C209,220 162,248 161,312L159,493ZM399,545L397,319L168,545L399,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 719 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M306,31C327,31 345,34 362,39L454,-126L464,-126L516,-93L407,61C435,81 449,108 449,133C449,180 374,222 331,222C307,222 295,208 295,187C295,163 310,135 321,114C301,103 279,98 257,98C197,98 156,133 156,192C156,260 213,293 271,326C334,302 403,288 463,288C494,288 520,292 544,299L542,37L622,-15L632,-15L630,545L747,545L747,555L713,620L404,620L404,610L438,545L546,545L545,389C499,365 459,351 403,351C377,351 350,354 323,359C361,387 385,419 385,467C385,556 299,633 209,633C133,633 82,579 82,517C82,459 125,407 188,368C130,332 75,292 75,224C75,131 183,31 306,31ZM228,393C186,416 158,448 158,487C158,533 199,567 245,567C288,567 317,541 317,501C317,452 276,423 228,393Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क्ष</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 653 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L454,385L466,393C466,434 465,495 465,545L681,545L681,555L647,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L383,545L383,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7ZM647,341L577,411L508,341L577,273L647,341Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,68C690,130 716,181 716,243C716,363 619,425 571,425C541,425 496,400 452,369L451,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L367,365C327,415 271,455 203,455C124,455 45,402 45,316C45,233 121,138 224,138C271,138 295,152 365,203L364,44L444,-10L454,-10L453,268C497,303 562,350 604,350C629,350 652,331 652,297C652,253 614,182 568,127L637,68L645,68ZM366,304C304,255 233,202 184,202C148,202 117,226 117,277C117,342 172,378 229,378C282,378 332,347 366,310L366,304Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 630 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M507,-256C544,-207 566,-167 566,-118C566,-25 491,23 452,23C431,23 401,6 369,-18L368,81C508,90 509,184 509,194C509,263 433,335 378,335C346,335 254,313 230,313C209,313 184,333 184,365C184,397 207,410 249,410L439,410L451,418C451,458 451,500 451,545L658,545L658,555L624,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L370,545L370,482L231,482C149,482 112,451 112,401C112,327 201,243 264,243C298,243 371,264 407,264C431,264 441,252 441,227C441,201 432,152 320,152C198,152 138,210 86,298L49,278C107,170 192,100 298,84L297,-15C267,19 231,47 182,47C120,47 56,4 56,-64C56,-129 118,-206 201,-206C231,-206 255,-198 296,-167L295,-283L361,-325L370,-325L369,-106C416,-66 451,-41 479,-41C498,-41 513,-54 513,-78C513,-111 482,-166 443,-208L500,-256L507,-256ZM297,-79C241,-125 201,-151 167,-151C140,-151 118,-134 118,-97C118,-46 161,-18 205,-18C241,-18 271,-37 297,-62L297,-79ZM614,355L546,423L478,354L545,288L614,355Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ्क</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 653 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L454,385L466,393C466,434 465,495 465,545L681,545L681,555L647,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L383,545L383,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7ZM647,341L577,411L508,341L577,273L647,341Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 815 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C232,254 268,308 268,471C268,483 267,516 265,545L642,545L640,378C596,434 544,463 480,463C398,463 327,412 327,331C327,236 415,155 501,155C552,155 583,168 639,211L638,42L718,-10L728,-10L726,545L843,545L843,555L809,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L182,545C183,527 184,509 184,482C184,449 183,401 176,368C152,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20ZM640,312C557,235 512,217 473,217C433,217 399,239 399,289C399,357 446,389 504,389C550,389 601,365 640,324L640,312Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ख</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 625 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M339,81C368,81 395,85 419,94L418,-14C392,24 356,43 318,43C258,43 213,2 213,-59C213,-131 275,-192 343,-192C371,-192 392,-182 418,-159L417,-268L483,-310L492,-310L490,145C500,160 505,177 505,196C505,263 428,335 373,335C342,335 249,313 226,313C203,313 180,334 180,367C180,398 203,410 245,410L435,410L447,418C447,458 447,500 447,545L653,545L653,555L619,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L366,545L366,482L227,482C145,482 108,452 108,403C108,328 195,243 260,243C293,243 367,264 402,264C426,264 437,252 437,228C437,200 426,152 314,152C188,152 126,216 74,305L38,286C61,243 88,205 120,174C121,155 122,128 122,102C122,75 122,34 116,7C96,9 65,12 50,12C19,12 7,3 7,-15C7,-35 21,-62 64,-115L229,-318L237,-318L282,-282L107,-103C163,-88 193,-43 193,93C193,98 193,108 192,119C235,95 284,81 339,81ZM418,-71C378,-119 357,-137 323,-137C292,-137 272,-117 272,-85C272,-41 306,-20 340,-20C369,-20 400,-37 418,-64L418,-71ZM609,355L541,423L473,354L540,288L609,355Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ्ख</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 653 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L454,385L466,393C466,434 465,495 465,545L681,545L681,555L647,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L383,545L383,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7ZM647,341L577,411L508,341L577,273L647,341Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 583 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M611,545L611,555L577,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L143,545L142,347L78,347C60,347 53,336 53,324C53,270 160,170 204,170C219,170 227,178 227,195L225,545L411,545L407,41L486,-10L496,-10L494,545L611,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 620 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M337,80C353,80 368,81 381,83L380,-227L450,-272L459,-272L455,110C499,142 499,188 499,194C499,263 423,335 368,335C336,335 244,313 220,313C199,313 174,333 174,365C174,397 197,410 239,410L429,410L441,418C441,461 441,499 440,545L648,545L648,555L614,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L360,545L360,482L221,482C139,482 102,451 102,401C102,327 191,243 254,243C288,243 361,264 397,264C421,264 431,252 431,227C431,201 422,152 310,152C188,152 128,210 76,298L39,278C71,218 112,170 160,136L158,1L99,1C81,1 74,-10 74,-22C74,-73 165,-160 209,-160C224,-160 232,-152 232,-135L231,98C264,86 299,80 337,80ZM604,355L536,423L468,354L535,288L604,355Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ्ग</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 653 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L454,385L466,393C466,434 465,495 465,545L681,545L681,555L647,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L383,545L383,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7ZM647,341L577,411L508,341L577,273L647,341Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 624 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M323,133C360,133 402,144 448,170L447,42L527,-10L537,-10L535,545L652,545L652,555L618,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L70,545C60,531 56,517 56,499C56,444 105,403 152,367C140,352 133,334 133,313C133,240 211,133 323,133ZM451,545L449,273C375,218 319,198 284,198C240,198 207,228 207,266C207,308 250,344 363,346L323,428C273,424 225,415 190,397C157,422 145,454 145,476C145,511 172,534 216,545L451,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 620 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M302,-208C326,-208 362,-202 387,-191L387,-262L454,-305L463,-305L461,118C499,151 499,193 499,194C499,263 423,335 368,335C337,335 243,313 220,313C199,313 174,333 174,365C174,397 197,410 239,410L429,410L441,418C441,458 441,500 441,545L648,545L648,555L614,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L360,545L360,482L221,482C140,482 102,451 102,402C102,326 191,243 255,243C287,243 362,264 396,264C422,264 431,252 431,226C431,201 423,152 309,152C182,152 122,214 67,305L30,285C59,232 95,187 135,153C103,131 96,109 96,88C96,43 128,10 165,-19C154,-31 148,-46 148,-64C148,-123 210,-208 302,-208ZM336,80C356,80 373,82 389,85L388,-108C339,-140 294,-152 269,-152C235,-152 212,-131 212,-105C212,-73 246,-46 336,-42L302,27C264,25 228,18 200,5C177,26 172,52 172,67C172,84 179,102 198,112C240,91 286,80 336,80ZM604,355L536,423L468,354L535,288L604,355Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ङ्घ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 775 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M321,117C407,117 484,163 488,255L492,257C508,241 540,217 576,217C584,217 591,218 599,220L598,42L678,-10L688,-10L686,545L803,545L803,555L769,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L602,545L600,321C578,302 558,295 532,295C510,295 496,301 483,308C465,388 404,470 310,470C275,470 229,459 185,437L228,360C264,377 308,394 346,394C396,394 421,364 421,311C421,227 362,193 299,193C201,193 131,278 64,393L26,370C134,181 219,117 321,117Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 735 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M325,85C399,85 464,130 464,208C464,259 436,300 383,355L560,355L558,42L638,-10L648,-10L646,545L763,545L763,555L729,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L562,545L561,430L260,430L260,419L287,361C352,332 385,289 385,246C385,202 352,166 298,166C209,166 132,265 63,411L22,393C96,234 189,85 325,85Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 767 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M307,197C393,197 457,237 460,325L463,327C479,312 512,292 551,292C571,292 581,297 593,301L592,210L270,105L270,97L317,49C395,49 427,16 427,-25C427,-63 399,-95 340,-95C243,-95 169,-10 122,67L86,45C174,-106 263,-166 361,-166C447,-166 505,-121 505,-49C505,6 471,48 410,73L592,132L591,-125L670,-182L680,-182L678,545L795,545L795,555L761,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L594,545L593,392C557,372 537,365 508,365C482,365 465,371 452,379C432,438 379,500 296,500C260,500 212,488 177,468L218,394C251,408 297,427 333,427C378,427 396,397 396,362C396,301 342,272 282,272C179,272 104,357 58,434L22,412C113,258 202,197 307,197Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ्ज</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 735 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M325,85C399,85 464,130 464,208C464,259 436,300 383,355L560,355L558,42L638,-10L648,-10L646,545L763,545L763,555L729,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L562,545L561,430L260,430L260,419L287,361C352,332 385,289 385,246C385,202 352,166 298,166C209,166 132,265 63,411L22,393C96,234 189,85 325,85Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 775 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M321,117C407,117 484,163 488,255L492,257C508,241 540,217 576,217C584,217 591,218 599,220L598,42L678,-10L688,-10L686,545L803,545L803,555L769,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L602,545L600,321C578,302 558,295 532,295C510,295 496,301 483,308C465,388 404,470 310,470C275,470 229,459 185,437L228,360C264,377 308,394 346,394C396,394 421,364 421,311C421,227 362,193 299,193C201,193 131,278 64,393L26,370C134,181 219,117 321,117Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ञ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 617 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M299,-125L351,-92L246,53C312,66 358,117 358,177C358,261 271,335 214,373L214,375L442,375L440,42L520,-10L530,-10L528,545L645,545L645,555L611,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L444,545L443,450L77,450L77,439L104,381C180,352 276,288 276,199C276,154 250,122 201,122C157,179 113,208 87,208C63,208 51,183 51,156C51,84 133,57 189,51L290,-125L299,-125Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्ञ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 624 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M323,133C360,133 402,144 448,170L447,42L527,-10L537,-10L535,545L652,545L652,555L618,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L70,545C60,531 56,517 56,499C56,444 105,403 152,367C140,352 133,334 133,313C133,240 211,133 323,133ZM451,545L449,273C375,218 319,198 284,198C240,198 207,228 207,266C207,308 250,344 363,346L323,428C273,424 225,415 190,397C157,422 145,454 145,476C145,511 172,534 216,545L451,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">घ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 599 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M602,-165L654,-132L498,94C526,112 541,138 541,164C541,211 467,254 422,254C401,254 387,245 387,221C387,207 390,189 412,147C390,137 369,132 340,132C268,132 202,183 202,268C202,347 257,376 342,376L483,376L495,384C495,428 494,485 493,545L627,545L627,555L593,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L412,545L412,451L337,451C210,451 127,423 127,316C127,290 132,265 140,241C42,217 21,160 21,123C21,60 83,24 128,3C127,-2 127,-6 127,-11C127,-88 222,-138 298,-138C352,-138 443,-111 481,26L593,-165L602,-165ZM411,66C385,-36 307,-84 257,-84C229,-84 207,-71 207,-39C207,-9 230,16 276,34L217,94C189,80 164,65 147,45C117,65 107,92 107,112C107,141 130,166 173,178C221,112 302,65 392,65C398,65 405,65 411,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्घ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 521 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M501,-206L553,-173L444,-23C471,-3 483,21 483,43C483,93 419,129 374,129C353,129 339,120 339,95C339,73 348,52 362,27C337,14 308,8 278,8C205,8 172,44 172,86C172,121 193,160 266,181C276,180 286,179 296,179C365,179 379,195 379,208C379,221 367,267 336,267C310,267 263,262 217,248C172,255 124,287 124,337C124,368 147,383 189,383L397,383L409,391C409,435 408,495 407,545L549,545L549,555L515,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L326,545L326,458L171,458C89,458 52,426 52,374C52,326 88,261 153,219C121,198 98,168 98,127C98,51 178,-57 317,-57C351,-57 379,-52 402,-44L492,-206L501,-206Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्द</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 654 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M215,417C172,417 127,441 127,493C127,535 158,564 204,564C243,564 270,545 287,491L296,491C297,499 298,508 298,518C298,576 265,633 180,633C107,633 54,591 54,525C54,462 104,409 162,378C138,356 127,334 127,304C127,230 209,119 340,119C379,119 425,129 479,161L478,41L557,-10L567,-10L565,545L682,545L682,555L648,620L359,620L359,610L393,545L482,545L480,264C399,202 340,184 299,184C246,184 200,214 200,260C200,308 247,349 389,363L352,441C292,435 253,417 215,417Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ध</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 640 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,-165L690,-132L535,94C565,115 577,144 577,164C577,211 503,254 458,254C437,254 423,245 423,221C423,208 426,191 448,148C424,136 399,132 376,132C304,132 238,183 238,268C238,347 293,376 378,376L519,376L531,384C531,426 530,493 529,545L668,545L668,555L634,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L448,545L448,451L373,451C246,451 163,423 163,316C163,183 288,65 428,65C429,65 430,65 432,65C404,-37 326,-86 272,-86C244,-86 222,-72 222,-42C222,-11 246,15 293,33L234,93C207,80 185,66 169,50C127,67 111,91 111,116C111,136 121,155 121,179C121,214 100,244 29,271L25,264C39,247 42,230 42,219C42,200 30,157 30,131C30,67 100,34 146,15C144,6 142,-3 142,-13C142,-90 237,-140 313,-140C372,-140 468,-110 506,44L629,-165L638,-165Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्ध</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 602 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M256,128C318,128 390,151 424,202L426,202L425,42L505,-10L515,-10L513,545L630,545L630,555L596,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L429,545L428,357L425,357C392,426 320,467 235,467C128,467 41,408 41,321C41,244 111,128 256,128ZM226,192C162,192 112,229 112,282C112,319 133,348 164,367L294,204C273,196 250,192 226,192ZM205,385C225,391 247,394 268,394C329,394 384,373 384,315C384,278 364,246 333,224L205,385Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ब</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 522 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,-170L589,-135L427,94C456,116 471,147 471,168C471,212 394,257 349,257C328,257 314,247 314,225C314,210 320,187 339,148C317,136 288,133 266,133C196,133 130,183 130,278C130,346 185,379 270,379L411,379L423,387C423,430 422,485 421,545L550,545L550,555L516,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,454L265,454C139,454 55,425 55,321C55,237 101,162 168,116C100,88 79,53 79,11C79,-60 136,-149 261,-149C314,-149 401,-130 431,-12L526,-170L535,-170ZM186,40L288,-68C266,-81 242,-87 219,-87C185,-87 148,-73 148,-29C148,-2 163,22 186,40ZM373,72C367,23 347,-16 320,-43L224,62C239,68 256,71 273,72C288,69 304,68 319,68C339,68 357,69 373,72Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्ब</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092D भ DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 716 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M188,310C170,310 163,299 163,286C163,236 258,138 302,138C327,138 331,164 338,235L540,235L539,42L619,-10L629,-10L627,545L744,545L744,555L710,620L369,620L369,610L403,545L543,545L541,310L345,310C347,344 348,389 348,424C348,521 260,633 159,633C108,633 53,600 53,538C53,477 98,422 175,422C176,422 181,422 195,424L195,435C165,451 131,472 131,507C131,541 163,563 196,563C242,563 267,538 267,449C267,406 265,373 258,310L188,310Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">भ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092D भ DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 668 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M637,-88L689,-55L580,97C614,119 624,149 624,167C624,214 549,257 504,257C483,257 469,247 469,225C469,207 478,181 493,150C473,138 444,134 420,134C350,134 281,180 281,275C281,343 336,376 421,376L562,376L574,384C574,428 573,485 572,545L696,545L696,555L662,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L491,545L491,451L416,451C290,451 206,422 206,318C206,196 309,91 435,73L332,-4C265,98 211,157 117,157C43,157 3,119 3,68C3,16 44,-17 93,-17C126,-17 160,-3 182,24L177,31C164,28 151,25 136,25C107,25 76,38 76,69C76,99 100,114 121,114C163,114 209,52 272,-49L224,-85C216,-91 213,-97 213,-103C213,-138 304,-167 362,-167C390,-167 409,-160 409,-142C409,-130 399,-107 373,-62L540,64L628,-88L637,-88Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्भ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 612 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M78,310C60,310 53,299 53,287C53,236 153,138 194,138C209,138 217,146 217,163L217,235L436,235L435,42L515,-10L525,-10L523,545L640,545L640,555L606,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L133,545L132,310L78,310ZM439,545L437,310L216,310L215,545L439,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">म</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 699 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M395,-8C410,-8 418,0 418,17L418,82L523,82L522,-61L602,-113L612,-113L610,545L727,545L727,555L693,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L300,545L300,460L159,460C77,460 40,427 40,378C40,300 123,214 190,214C217,214 297,223 323,223C339,223 349,218 349,179C349,172 349,164 348,156L286,156C268,156 261,145 261,133C261,85 357,-8 395,-8ZM526,545L523,156L417,156C409,223 348,297 302,297C268,297 182,287 155,287C132,287 112,303 112,339C112,370 135,385 177,385L371,385L383,393C383,429 382,493 382,545L526,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्म</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 582 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M289,136C325,136 366,146 406,172L405,42L485,-10L495,-10L493,545L610,545L610,555L576,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L162,545C183,514 191,486 191,469C191,424 144,396 40,371C64,239 170,136 289,136ZM409,545L407,270C347,221 295,199 250,199C182,199 129,250 127,310C224,337 263,375 263,426C263,457 248,498 217,545L409,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 658 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M328,5C380,5 425,16 481,51L481,-8L561,-60L571,-60L569,545L686,545L686,555L652,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L290,545L290,460L169,460C87,460 50,427 50,378C50,329 86,260 153,221C140,206 132,188 132,167C132,100 205,5 328,5ZM485,545L482,151C403,94 347,70 293,70C226,70 205,101 205,129C205,154 222,180 274,197C284,196 295,196 307,196C378,196 389,212 389,225C389,237 377,283 346,283C310,283 251,276 204,255C146,266 122,305 122,339C122,370 145,385 187,385L361,385L373,393C373,437 372,495 371,545L485,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्य</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 527 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,-98L539,-65L431,85C465,110 475,145 475,159C475,206 397,250 352,250C331,250 317,240 317,218C317,199 328,172 344,140C324,128 294,124 270,124C200,124 130,178 130,273C130,341 185,374 270,374L411,374L423,382C423,425 422,489 422,545L555,545L555,555L521,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,449L265,449C139,449 55,420 55,316C55,181 185,55 323,55C348,55 368,58 386,63L478,-98L487,-98Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 597 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M251,133C314,133 352,155 421,201L420,42L500,-10L510,-10L508,545L625,545L625,555L591,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L424,545L422,368C372,425 306,467 225,467C126,467 41,406 41,322C41,244 113,133 251,133ZM422,313L422,305C317,224 258,197 208,197C157,197 114,225 114,279C114,350 174,389 247,389C311,389 379,354 422,313Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">व</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 517 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,-170L589,-135L427,95C460,118 471,150 471,168C471,212 394,257 349,257C328,257 314,247 314,225C314,208 322,184 340,148C314,136 286,133 266,133C196,133 130,183 130,278C130,346 185,379 270,379L411,379L423,387C423,429 422,493 422,545L545,545L545,555L511,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L340,545L340,454L265,454C139,454 55,425 55,321C55,239 101,161 170,113C116,84 98,55 98,18C98,-49 154,-131 272,-131C321,-131 395,-117 433,-15L526,-170L535,-170ZM377,73C355,-32 284,-67 228,-67C200,-67 169,-58 169,-22C169,25 220,57 267,71C284,68 301,66 318,66C341,66 361,69 377,73Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">द्व</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 539 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M567,545L567,555L533,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L329,545L329,435L269,435C141,435 54,402 54,289C54,146 195,37 325,37C397,37 462,70 514,126L454,187C408,142 351,111 279,111C197,111 129,152 129,239C129,320 187,360 272,360L400,360L412,368C412,409 411,489 411,545L567,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 539 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M567,545L567,555L533,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L329,545L329,435L269,435C141,435 54,402 54,289C54,146 195,37 325,37C397,37 462,70 514,126L454,187C408,142 351,111 279,111C197,111 129,152 129,239C129,320 187,360 272,360L400,360L412,368C412,409 411,489 411,545L567,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M313,93C317,93 321,93 325,93L325,31L274,31C146,31 70,-3 70,-99C70,-223 196,-319 316,-319C385,-319 446,-287 496,-234L439,-176C393,-219 341,-248 271,-248C199,-248 142,-218 142,-147C142,-78 196,-43 277,-43L393,-43L404,-35C404,-5 403,60 403,111C437,125 470,148 502,182L443,242C396,197 340,166 267,166C191,166 127,201 127,272C127,341 184,381 268,381L395,381L407,389C407,427 406,493 406,545L559,545L559,555L525,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L324,545L324,455L265,455C131,455 52,417 52,321C52,205 176,93 313,93Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट्ट</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table> </td><td style="width: 3em;"></td> <td><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 539 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M567,545L567,555L533,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L329,545L329,435L269,435C141,435 54,402 54,289C54,146 195,37 325,37C397,37 462,70 514,126L454,187C408,142 351,111 279,111C197,111 129,152 129,239C129,320 187,360 272,360L400,360L412,368C412,409 411,489 411,545L567,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,37C439,37 533,118 533,218C533,287 488,353 417,401C418,411 419,423 419,438C419,478 418,505 418,527C417,533 417,539 417,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L337,545L337,485C337,441 332,438 305,438C118,438 49,375 49,283C49,164 172,37 322,37ZM388,365C425,340 454,294 454,247C454,166 368,108 277,108C196,108 125,152 125,238C125,324 187,363 358,363C370,363 380,364 388,365Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 536 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M313,93C316,93 319,93 322,93L322,72C322,29 314,28 280,28C123,28 67,-31 67,-106C67,-211 182,-320 321,-320C431,-320 512,-249 512,-161C512,-93 470,-38 399,5C400,11 400,19 400,27C400,63 399,86 399,109C436,124 470,148 502,182L443,242C396,197 340,166 267,166C191,166 127,201 127,272C127,341 184,381 268,381L395,381L407,389C407,429 406,494 406,545L564,545L564,555L530,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L324,545L324,455L265,455C131,455 52,417 52,321C52,205 176,93 313,93ZM380,-36C408,-52 436,-87 436,-132C436,-201 362,-253 279,-253C208,-253 143,-216 143,-145C143,-79 194,-42 338,-42C357,-42 371,-41 380,-36Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ट्ठ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,37C439,37 533,118 533,218C533,287 488,353 417,401C418,411 419,423 419,438C419,478 418,505 418,527C417,533 417,539 417,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L337,545L337,485C337,441 332,438 305,438C118,438 49,375 49,283C49,164 172,37 322,37ZM388,365C425,340 454,294 454,247C454,166 368,108 277,108C196,108 125,152 125,238C125,324 187,363 358,363C370,363 380,364 388,365Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,37C439,37 533,118 533,218C533,287 488,353 417,401C418,411 419,423 419,438C419,478 418,505 418,527C417,533 417,539 417,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L337,545L337,485C337,441 332,438 305,438C118,438 49,375 49,283C49,164 172,37 322,37ZM388,365C425,340 454,294 454,247C454,166 368,108 277,108C196,108 125,152 125,238C125,324 187,363 358,363C370,363 380,364 388,365Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 549 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M302,102C304,102 306,102 308,102L308,77C308,36 300,35 274,35C119,35 63,-22 63,-96C63,-199 177,-305 315,-305C425,-305 505,-236 505,-149C505,-82 460,-26 386,17C386,22 386,28 386,34C386,77 385,100 384,116C451,140 502,193 502,265C502,331 455,392 388,434C388,441 388,449 388,458C388,488 388,520 387,545L577,545L577,555L543,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L306,545L306,505C306,461 301,458 274,458C109,458 48,401 48,320C48,212 164,102 302,102ZM371,390C398,370 423,334 423,293C423,221 345,171 260,171C189,171 124,206 124,280C124,350 181,385 335,385C352,385 363,386 371,390ZM373,-28C401,-43 429,-77 429,-122C429,-188 356,-238 274,-238C203,-238 139,-203 139,-135C139,-70 193,-35 335,-35C353,-35 365,-33 373,-28Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ठ्ठ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L461,385L473,393C473,437 472,495 471,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L390,545L390,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 583 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M611,545L611,555L577,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L143,545L142,347L78,347C60,347 53,336 53,324C53,270 160,170 204,170C219,170 227,178 227,195L225,545L411,545L407,41L486,-10L496,-10L494,545L611,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ग</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 545 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M573,545L573,555L539,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L360,545L360,482L221,482C139,482 102,451 102,401C102,327 191,243 254,243C288,243 361,264 397,264C421,264 431,252 431,227C431,201 422,152 310,152C188,152 128,210 76,298L39,278C71,218 112,170 160,136L158,1L99,1C81,1 74,-10 74,-22C74,-73 165,-160 209,-160C224,-160 232,-152 232,-135L231,98C264,86 299,80 336,80C352,80 367,81 380,83L379,-227L450,-272L459,-272L455,111C499,142 499,188 499,194C499,263 423,335 368,335C336,335 244,313 220,313C199,313 174,333 174,365C174,397 197,410 239,410L429,410L441,418C441,458 441,500 441,545L573,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड्ग</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L461,385L473,393C473,437 472,495 471,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L390,545L390,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L461,385L473,393C473,437 472,495 471,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L390,545L390,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M331,80C339,80 348,80 356,81L356,29L220,29C141,29 105,0 105,-49C105,-119 186,-195 245,-195C279,-195 350,-174 386,-174C409,-174 419,-185 419,-208C419,-232 410,-278 302,-278C188,-278 135,-222 83,-136L46,-156C115,-281 204,-348 327,-348C453,-348 485,-283 485,-239C485,-174 411,-105 358,-105C326,-105 237,-127 212,-127C194,-127 175,-112 175,-84C175,-53 197,-39 238,-39L422,-39L434,-31C434,6 434,48 433,101C470,120 494,150 494,194C494,263 418,335 363,335C331,335 239,313 215,313C194,313 169,333 169,365C169,397 192,410 234,410L424,410L436,418C436,458 436,500 436,545L568,545L568,555L534,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L355,545L355,482L216,482C134,482 97,451 97,401C97,327 186,243 249,243C283,243 356,264 392,264C416,264 426,252 426,227C426,201 417,152 305,152C183,152 123,210 71,298L33,277C103,148 200,80 331,80Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड्ड</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 577 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,7C485,7 536,85 536,137C536,219 459,298 404,298C364,298 261,273 238,273C214,273 185,298 185,339C185,370 208,385 250,385L461,385L473,393C473,437 472,495 471,545L605,545L605,555L571,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L390,545L390,460L232,460C150,460 113,427 113,378C113,293 205,201 271,201C305,201 391,225 430,225C454,225 468,209 468,187C468,144 442,82 331,82C196,82 118,175 64,281L26,259C103,96 226,7 355,7Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0922 ढ DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M355,17C450,17 516,77 516,152C516,260 424,306 358,306C298,306 239,260 239,197C239,170 244,140 261,99C182,116 126,168 126,257C126,338 180,378 265,378L441,378L453,386C453,430 452,488 451,545L586,545L586,555L552,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L370,545L370,453L262,453C136,453 51,418 51,311C51,138 220,17 355,17ZM303,93C299,104 298,113 298,127C298,191 335,239 397,239C431,239 460,217 460,185C460,140 409,92 325,92C318,92 310,92 303,93Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ढ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0922 ढ DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M331,80C339,80 348,80 356,81L356,29L261,29C150,29 78,-2 78,-93C78,-234 213,-348 344,-348C434,-348 488,-295 488,-229C488,-128 402,-95 355,-95C302,-95 251,-132 251,-191C251,-218 258,-246 270,-274C197,-260 148,-212 148,-141C148,-74 190,-39 268,-39L422,-39L434,-31C434,3 433,56 433,101C469,119 494,149 494,194C494,263 418,335 363,335C331,335 239,313 215,313C194,313 169,333 169,365C169,397 192,410 234,410L424,410L436,418C436,458 436,500 436,545L568,545L568,555L534,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L355,545L355,482L216,482C134,482 97,451 97,401C97,327 186,243 249,243C283,243 356,264 392,264C416,264 426,252 426,227C426,201 417,152 305,152C183,152 123,210 71,298L33,277C103,148 200,80 331,80ZM309,-279C306,-270 306,-263 306,-254C306,-199 339,-157 388,-157C414,-157 437,-175 437,-202C437,-239 392,-279 318,-279C315,-279 312,-279 309,-279Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ड्ढ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 573 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,-10L266,25C154,153 125,188 125,248C125,311 172,360 269,360L398,360L396,42L476,-10L486,-10L484,545L601,545L601,555L567,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L400,545L399,435L258,435C131,435 48,393 48,294C48,208 118,112 213,-10L223,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 573 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,-10L266,25C154,153 125,188 125,248C125,311 172,360 269,360L398,360L396,42L476,-10L486,-10L484,545L601,545L601,555L567,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L400,545L399,435L258,435C131,435 48,393 48,294C48,208 118,112 213,-10L223,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 677 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M332,-10L375,25C268,147 234,188 234,245C234,312 281,360 378,360L502,360L500,42L580,-10L590,-10L588,545L705,545L705,555L671,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L504,545L503,435L27,435L27,425L62,360L175,360C161,334 158,313 158,294C158,207 227,112 322,-10L332,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्त</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 573 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M223,-10L266,25C154,153 125,188 125,248C125,311 172,360 269,360L398,360L396,42L476,-10L486,-10L484,545L601,545L601,555L567,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L400,545L399,435L258,435C131,435 48,393 48,294C48,208 118,112 213,-10L223,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,248L400,248L398,42L478,-10L488,-10L486,545L603,545L603,555L569,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L402,545L400,345C292,430 266,451 210,451C168,451 92,424 39,405L39,400L92,331C136,349 206,378 241,378C272,378 306,363 371,314L104,143L163,85L399,248Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 570 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M598,545L598,555L564,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L397,545L395,366C282,369 169,371 132,371C80,371 48,367 48,330C48,268 127,189 184,189C215,189 219,216 219,293L395,293L393,42L473,-10L483,-10L481,545L598,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 570 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M598,545L598,555L564,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L397,545L395,366C282,369 169,371 132,371C80,371 48,367 48,330C48,268 127,189 184,189C215,189 219,216 219,293L395,293L393,42L473,-10L483,-10L481,545L598,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 591 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M270,33C286,33 296,38 296,56C296,64 295,78 275,140L415,229L414,37L494,-15L504,-15L502,545L619,545L619,555L585,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L418,545L416,346C310,440 214,464 132,464C79,464 46,452 46,419C46,363 137,284 183,284C196,284 207,291 207,308C207,310 206,320 204,335L199,378C262,381 328,360 393,303L209,190C157,158 139,146 139,126C139,86 230,33 270,33Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">न्न</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 772 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M656,63C701,125 725,178 725,240C725,360 624,424 575,424C548,424 516,411 450,367L449,545L800,545L800,555L766,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L75,545C75,493 74,435 74,396C74,381 74,365 75,347C77,276 178,168 273,168C305,168 330,179 363,201L362,44L442,-10L452,-10L451,265C512,310 573,349 609,349C635,349 661,327 661,296C661,250 626,177 579,122L648,63L656,63ZM364,305C306,262 266,233 227,233C197,233 162,262 162,325L160,545L366,545L364,305Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 791 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M666,63C711,125 735,178 735,240C735,360 634,424 585,424C550,424 510,400 460,367L459,545L819,545L819,555L785,620L-28,620L-28,610L5,545L85,545C85,495 84,441 84,402C84,387 84,372 85,354C86,302 145,229 215,197L59,91L116,33L373,214L372,44L452,-10L462,-10L461,265C509,303 582,349 619,349C645,349 671,327 671,296C671,250 636,177 589,122L658,63L666,63ZM374,308C325,274 280,244 239,244C209,244 172,272 172,333L170,545L376,545L374,308Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">फ्र</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 679 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,166C176,166 188,167 200,169L351,-21L361,-21L412,21L254,182C321,206 387,255 387,333C387,394 343,471 266,497L265,545L506,545L502,37L582,-15L592,-15L590,545L707,545L707,555L673,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545L188,504C149,499 96,485 44,453L89,379C150,418 215,436 249,436C297,436 325,404 325,367C325,304 245,257 192,248C157,271 118,288 84,288C55,288 48,277 48,261C48,221 96,166 166,166Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 679 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M96,204C168,244 235,280 286,318C328,301 374,286 419,275L179,118L235,58L504,243L502,37L582,-15L592,-15L590,545L707,545L707,555L673,620L386,620L386,610L420,545L506,545L504,314C448,320 383,332 325,350C363,385 386,423 386,467C386,556 300,633 210,633C134,633 83,579 83,517C83,455 130,403 199,361C144,324 80,291 34,268L96,204ZM236,387C190,413 159,446 159,487C159,533 200,567 246,567C289,567 318,541 318,501C318,456 283,422 236,387Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श्र</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 532 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C237,-68 178,13 178,84C178,161 249,239 343,239C390,239 418,222 418,183C418,136 380,106 336,85L383,18C452,47 488,91 488,145C488,201 445,297 319,297C256,297 197,273 155,234C137,252 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,434 446,495 446,545L560,545L560,555L526,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,288 83,233 125,198C107,170 96,138 96,103C96,1 189,-105 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 612 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M78,310C60,310 53,299 53,287C53,236 153,138 194,138C209,138 217,146 217,163L217,235L436,235L435,42L515,-10L525,-10L523,545L640,545L640,555L606,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L133,545L132,310L78,310ZM439,545L437,310L216,310L215,545L439,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">म</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 763 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C232,-67 178,16 178,87C178,164 252,243 344,243C373,243 426,239 426,164C426,156 425,146 424,136L358,136C340,136 333,125 333,113C333,65 431,-30 469,-30C484,-30 492,-22 492,-5L492,62L587,62L586,-81L666,-133L676,-133L674,545L791,545L791,555L757,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L362,545L362,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,289 83,234 124,199C106,172 96,140 96,106C96,4 182,-103 429,-164L440,-121ZM492,136C490,217 432,301 321,301C257,301 197,276 154,236C137,253 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L433,385L445,393C445,434 444,495 444,545L590,545L587,136L492,136Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह्म</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 532 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C237,-68 178,13 178,84C178,161 249,239 343,239C390,239 418,222 418,183C418,136 380,106 336,85L383,18C452,47 488,91 488,145C488,201 445,297 319,297C256,297 197,273 155,234C137,252 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,434 446,495 446,545L560,545L560,555L526,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,288 83,233 125,198C107,170 96,138 96,103C96,1 189,-105 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 582 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M289,136C325,136 366,146 406,172L405,42L485,-10L495,-10L493,545L610,545L610,555L576,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L162,545C183,514 191,486 191,469C191,424 144,396 40,371C64,239 170,136 289,136ZM409,545L407,270C347,221 295,199 250,199C182,199 129,250 127,310C224,337 263,375 263,426C263,457 248,498 217,545L409,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">य</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 769 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M432,-124C236,-73 177,14 177,88C177,174 256,261 347,261C381,261 423,252 423,219C423,177 359,145 292,126C320,26 399,-51 492,-51C527,-51 559,-41 591,-21L592,-22L592,-95L672,-147L682,-147L680,545L797,545L797,555L763,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,290 80,237 120,201C104,173 95,142 95,108C95,1 187,-109 421,-167L432,-124ZM593,74C544,33 500,11 461,11C421,11 387,37 375,69C457,97 493,135 493,184C493,247 429,319 323,319C256,319 191,288 148,241C133,259 122,283 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,432 446,494 446,545L596,545L593,74Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह्य</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 532 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C237,-68 178,13 178,84C178,161 249,239 343,239C390,239 418,222 418,183C418,136 380,106 336,85L383,18C452,47 488,91 488,145C488,201 445,297 319,297C256,297 197,273 155,234C137,252 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,434 446,495 446,545L560,545L560,555L526,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,288 83,233 125,198C107,170 96,138 96,103C96,1 189,-105 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M264,-10L307,25C168,132 129,194 129,266C129,339 169,374 220,374C253,374 281,360 306,333C292,313 280,290 268,265L341,219C391,322 444,371 496,371C535,371 558,345 558,303C558,254 525,201 440,118L504,63L512,63C581,131 620,209 620,267C620,321 587,408 509,431L508,545L693,545L693,555L659,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L427,545L429,432C391,423 358,399 329,365C292,410 249,448 185,448C101,448 49,383 49,299C49,195 132,106 254,-10L264,-10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 646 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M417,-190C195,-127 145,-22 145,58C145,165 241,245 367,245C463,245 522,200 544,149C525,161 510,165 494,165C465,165 441,152 420,131C394,155 362,177 321,177C254,177 213,122 213,63C213,-16 289,-96 437,-143L449,-106C325,-63 284,-7 284,47C284,90 311,119 348,119C365,119 382,112 397,102C384,82 372,58 362,32L427,3C461,84 488,116 529,116C538,116 546,115 554,112C555,108 555,103 555,99C555,59 538,14 496,-29L561,-80C603,-39 623,14 623,65C623,182 518,300 341,300C270,300 204,280 155,245C141,262 130,284 130,306C130,360 176,385 255,385L443,385L455,393C455,434 454,495 454,545L674,545L674,555L640,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L372,545L372,460L237,460C113,460 57,412 57,341C57,294 84,248 120,214C86,178 66,130 66,75C66,-42 158,-163 405,-229L417,-190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह्ल</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 532 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C237,-68 178,13 178,84C178,161 249,239 343,239C390,239 418,222 418,183C418,136 380,106 336,85L383,18C452,47 488,91 488,145C488,201 445,297 319,297C256,297 197,273 155,234C137,252 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,434 446,495 446,545L560,545L560,555L526,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,288 83,233 125,198C107,170 96,138 96,103C96,1 189,-105 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 597 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M251,133C314,133 352,155 421,201L420,42L500,-10L510,-10L508,545L625,545L625,555L591,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L424,545L422,368C372,425 306,467 225,467C126,467 41,406 41,322C41,244 113,133 251,133ZM422,313L422,305C317,224 258,197 208,197C157,197 114,225 114,279C114,350 174,389 247,389C311,389 379,354 422,313Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">व</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 591 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M483,-91L555,-137L563,-137L561,75C560,210 458,300 323,300C258,300 198,278 153,241C138,259 127,283 127,306C127,360 173,385 252,385L440,385L452,393C452,434 451,495 451,545L619,545L619,555L585,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L369,545L369,460L234,460C110,460 54,412 54,341C54,293 82,242 120,207C94,174 79,133 79,88C79,-30 174,-138 376,-195L387,-153C211,-100 160,-11 160,71C160,170 246,244 353,244C398,244 434,231 458,208C478,188 484,167 486,115C457,146 411,172 361,172C294,172 237,127 237,71C237,19 286,-60 379,-60C417,-60 443,-46 486,-17L483,-91ZM488,59C424,14 389,-2 359,-2C329,-2 302,14 302,46C302,85 339,108 383,108C422,108 461,89 488,67C488,65 488,62 488,59Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह्व</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 532 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C237,-68 178,13 178,84C178,161 249,239 343,239C390,239 418,222 418,183C418,136 380,106 336,85L383,18C452,47 488,91 488,145C488,201 445,297 319,297C256,297 197,273 155,234C137,252 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,434 446,495 446,545L560,545L560,555L526,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,288 83,233 125,198C107,170 96,138 96,103C96,1 189,-105 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ह</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-24,-170C-73,-198 -112,-207 -145,-207C-199,-207 -212,-182 -212,-163C-212,-133 -179,-93 -75,-85L-75,-79L-121,-19C-203,-25 -276,-69 -276,-132C-276,-185 -224,-271 -108,-271C-45,-271 2,-246 24,-232L-24,-170Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ृ</span></span></span></td> <td></td><td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 543 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M440,-121C242,-69 178,10 178,84C178,163 252,246 345,246C384,246 414,236 414,214C414,168 287,162 287,82C287,41 352,-35 441,-35C472,-35 509,-24 546,-1L501,63C485,54 441,30 397,30C378,30 360,37 360,57C360,108 487,110 487,177C487,221 437,304 322,304C258,304 197,278 154,236C136,253 122,280 122,306C122,360 168,385 247,385L435,385L447,393C447,433 446,479 445,545L571,545L571,555L537,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L364,545L364,460L229,460C105,460 49,412 49,341C49,289 83,234 124,199C106,171 96,138 96,103C96,-2 194,-106 429,-164L440,-121Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">हृ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0941 ◌ु DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-202,-139C-179,-120 -150,-91 -111,-91C-83,-91 -59,-105 -59,-138C-59,-178 -96,-211 -160,-211C-234,-211 -300,-165 -401,-37L-408,-37L-443,-80C-392,-139 -250,-279 -125,-279C-56,-279 2,-236 2,-169C2,-97 -65,-29 -147,-29C-191,-29 -224,-48 -256,-77L-202,-139Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ु</span></span></span></td> <td></td><td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0941 ◌ु DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 544 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M572,545L572,555L538,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,527 190,507 190,482C190,480 190,478 190,477C190,448 190,410 182,368C146,372 113,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20L373,22L164,238C184,242 201,251 217,262C266,298 323,386 382,386C407,386 433,369 433,334C433,294 398,236 367,193L433,136L441,136C467,175 498,232 498,289C498,382 419,450 354,450C326,450 296,437 272,419C273,438 274,455 274,471C274,483 274,512 271,545L572,545Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रु</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 394 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,-20L373,22L165,237C237,253 274,307 274,471C274,483 273,519 271,545L422,545L422,555L388,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,529 190,511 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0942 ◌ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M131,-286L168,-245C116,-179 -39,-29 -160,-29C-226,-29 -273,-74 -273,-136C-273,-207 -209,-280 -123,-280C-83,-280 -49,-265 -21,-241L-72,-175C-97,-196 -127,-218 -160,-218C-192,-218 -212,-198 -212,-167C-212,-128 -178,-97 -125,-97C-19,-97 77,-222 124,-286L131,-286Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ू</span></span></span></td> <td></td><td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0942 ◌ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 633 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M573,187L616,223C514,379 432,453 337,453C314,453 291,447 272,437C273,448 273,460 273,471C273,483 272,515 270,545L661,545L661,555L627,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L188,545C189,526 190,509 190,482C190,449 189,401 182,368C158,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,319 65,283 114,223L312,-20L322,-20L373,22L165,237C197,243 220,259 236,283C262,238 310,202 372,202C412,202 446,217 474,241L423,307C398,286 368,264 335,264C303,264 283,284 283,315C283,354 317,385 367,385C451,385 494,315 566,187L573,187Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रू</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 679 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M316,-20L367,22L159,237C201,245 227,263 244,293C320,232 380,224 417,224C446,224 476,229 503,239L502,42L582,-10L592,-10L590,545L707,545L707,555L673,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L189,545C190,529 191,511 191,482C191,449 190,401 183,368C159,371 116,374 97,374C61,374 46,364 46,342C46,313 63,277 129,196L306,-20L316,-20ZM260,333C268,363 273,412 273,471C273,483 272,520 270,545L506,545L504,338C482,320 438,301 391,301C346,301 285,318 260,333Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 724 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,309C40,281 55,266 84,266C112,266 126,281 126,309C126,337 112,352 84,352C55,352 40,337 40,309ZM459,66C459,38 473,24 501,24C531,24 545,38 545,66C545,95 531,109 501,109C473,109 459,95 459,66ZM459,552C459,523 473,509 501,509C531,509 545,523 545,552C545,580 531,594 501,594C473,594 459,580 459,552ZM599,309C599,281 612,266 640,266C670,266 684,281 684,309C684,337 670,352 640,352C612,352 599,337 599,309ZM180,66C180,38 194,24 223,24C251,24 266,38 266,66C266,95 251,109 223,109C194,109 180,95 180,66ZM180,552C180,523 194,509 223,509C251,509 266,523 266,552C266,580 251,594 223,594C194,594 180,580 180,552ZM319,30C319,2 334,-12 362,-12C390,-12 405,2 405,30C405,59 390,73 362,73C334,73 319,59 319,30ZM77,169C77,141 91,127 119,127C148,127 162,141 162,169C162,198 148,212 119,212C91,212 77,198 77,169ZM563,169C563,141 577,127 605,127C633,127 648,141 648,169C648,198 633,212 605,212C577,212 563,198 563,169ZM77,448C77,421 91,406 119,406C148,406 162,421 162,448C162,477 148,491 119,491C91,491 77,477 77,448ZM563,448C563,421 577,406 605,406C633,406 648,421 648,448C648,477 633,491 605,491C577,491 563,477 563,448ZM319,587C319,560 334,547 362,547C390,547 405,560 405,587C405,616 390,630 362,630C334,630 319,616 319,587Z" /><path transform="translate(633)" d="M-216,-41L-179,-120C-168,-119 -147,-113 -115,-113C-42,-113 -10,-141 119,-286L126,-286L160,-248C85,-177 -4,-98 -30,-78C-71,-46 -112,-29 -156,-29C-172,-29 -193,-31 -214,-35L-216,-41Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,248L400,248L398,42L478,-10L488,-10L486,545L603,545L603,555L569,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L402,545L400,345C292,430 266,451 210,451C168,451 92,424 39,405L39,400L92,331C136,349 206,378 241,378C272,378 306,363 371,314L104,143L163,85L399,248Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 790 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M316,-20L367,22L159,237C212,246 238,273 252,310C256,319 259,330 261,340C331,354 387,363 425,363C473,363 502,337 575,260C505,298 478,306 456,306C412,306 339,275 288,253L288,248L340,180C381,202 461,242 494,242C511,242 534,237 568,222L391,112L444,51L613,167L614,166L613,42L693,-10L703,-10L701,545L818,545L818,555L784,620L-28,620L-28,610L6,545L189,545C190,528 191,505 191,482C191,449 190,401 183,368C159,371 116,374 96,374C60,374 46,364 46,340C46,314 63,277 129,196L306,-20L316,-20ZM272,427C273,440 273,453 273,465C273,482 273,518 270,545L617,545L615,276C501,403 476,441 398,441C367,441 325,436 272,427Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">स्त्र</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G690439" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G690439" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligature Forms for Ra + Vocalic Liquids.</span></span> The phonological sequence /r vocalic_r/, expressed with the character sequence <U+0930 ra, U+0943 vocalic_r>, can graphically appear as either of two forms, as shown in the first row of <a href="#G698734" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-6</a>. It may appear as the full independent vowel form of the vocalic_r, with a superscript <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i> form of the ra (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> + <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span>): <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1742 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM908,704Q1011,704 1092,734.5Q1173,765 1228,808Q1212,844 1201,874.5Q1190,905 1190,923Q1190,943 1205.5,959Q1221,975 1261,975Q1281,975 1323.5,957.5Q1366,940 1412.5,912Q1459,884 1492,850.5Q1525,817 1525,785Q1525,743 1497.5,715.5Q1470,688 1422,670Q1472,588 1511,516Q1550,444 1550,426Q1550,411 1516,391Q1482,371 1432,345.5Q1382,320 1331.5,290Q1281,260 1247,225Q1213,190 1213,151Q1213,117 1221.5,94Q1230,71 1236,66Q1245,59 1280,55Q1315,51 1346,51Q1390,51 1435,85Q1480,119 1510,154L1679,-8Q1658,-30 1596.5,-52Q1535,-74 1456,-74Q1393,-74 1322.5,-46.5Q1252,-19 1189.5,28.5Q1127,76 1088,136Q1049,196 1049,260Q1049,308 1079.5,348.5Q1110,389 1155,421.5Q1200,454 1245,479.5Q1290,505 1320.5,524Q1351,543 1351,556Q1351,560 1344,577L1317,633Q1248,614 1166.5,602Q1085,590 1005,590Q930,590 859,623.5Q788,657 718,700.5Q648,744 576,777.5Q504,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 553.5,906.5Q623,860 687.5,813.5Q752,767 807.5,735.5Q863,704 908,704ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1745,1346L1853,1162L831,1162L723,1346L1745,1346ZM800,84L800,1335L988,1335L988,-25L800,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1121 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रृ</span></span></span>. Alternatively, it may appear as the full letter form of the ra with the subscript, dependent form of the vocalic_r (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrpuqy">n</sub></span> + <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-1uxt1vh">vs</sub></span>): <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(886 -9)" d="M-301,-40L-106,-197Q-154,-211 -211.5,-225.5Q-269,-240 -320.5,-259.5Q-372,-279 -405.5,-308.5Q-439,-338 -439,-383Q-439,-405 -432,-422Q-425,-439 -420,-443Q-415,-447 -398.5,-449.5Q-382,-452 -365,-452Q-317,-452 -265,-436.5Q-213,-421 -134,-390L-17,-538Q-72,-567 -123,-579Q-174,-591 -261,-591Q-316,-591 -378.5,-561.5Q-441,-532 -496.5,-484Q-552,-436 -587,-377.5Q-622,-319 -622,-261Q-622,-195 -579,-153.5Q-536,-112 -463.5,-85.5Q-391,-59 -301,-40Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रृ</span></span></span>. Similarly, the phonological sequences with the other vocalic sounds (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1en4lo0">rr</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l3veu">l</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1elzng0">ll</i>) have two written forms, as shown in <a href="#G698734" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-6</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G698734" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G698734" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-6.</span> RA + Vocalic Letter Ligature Forms</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(893 -20)" d="M-301,-40L-106,-197Q-154,-211 -211.5,-225.5Q-269,-240 -320.5,-259.5Q-372,-279 -405.5,-308.5Q-439,-338 -439,-383Q-439,-405 -432,-422Q-425,-439 -420,-443Q-415,-447 -398.5,-449.5Q-382,-452 -365,-452Q-317,-452 -265,-436.5Q-213,-421 -134,-390L-17,-538Q-72,-567 -123,-579Q-174,-591 -261,-591Q-316,-591 -378.5,-561.5Q-441,-532 -496.5,-484Q-552,-436 -587,-377.5Q-622,-319 -622,-261Q-622,-195 -579,-153.5Q-536,-112 -463.5,-85.5Q-391,-59 -301,-40Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ृ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1742 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M166,310L914,769L914,508L359,144L166,310ZM908,704Q1011,704 1092,734.5Q1173,765 1228,808Q1212,844 1201,874.5Q1190,905 1190,923Q1190,943 1205.5,959Q1221,975 1261,975Q1281,975 1323.5,957.5Q1366,940 1412.5,912Q1459,884 1492,850.5Q1525,817 1525,785Q1525,743 1497.5,715.5Q1470,688 1422,670Q1472,588 1511,516Q1550,444 1550,426Q1550,411 1516,391Q1482,371 1432,345.5Q1382,320 1331.5,290Q1281,260 1247,225Q1213,190 1213,151Q1213,117 1221.5,94Q1230,71 1236,66Q1245,59 1280,55Q1315,51 1346,51Q1390,51 1435,85Q1480,119 1510,154L1679,-8Q1658,-30 1596.5,-52Q1535,-74 1456,-74Q1393,-74 1322.5,-46.5Q1252,-19 1189.5,28.5Q1127,76 1088,136Q1049,196 1049,260Q1049,308 1079.5,348.5Q1110,389 1155,421.5Q1200,454 1245,479.5Q1290,505 1320.5,524Q1351,543 1351,556Q1351,560 1344,577L1317,633Q1248,614 1166.5,602Q1085,590 1005,590Q930,590 859,623.5Q788,657 718,700.5Q648,744 576,777.5Q504,811 427,811Q371,811 313.5,789.5Q256,768 201,717L70,937Q117,980 166,998Q215,1016 264,1016Q337,1016 410.5,984.5Q484,953 553.5,906.5Q623,860 687.5,813.5Q752,767 807.5,735.5Q863,704 908,704ZM744,1346L851,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L744,1346ZM1745,1346L1853,1162L831,1162L723,1346L1745,1346ZM800,84L800,1335L988,1335L988,-25L800,84Z" /><path transform="translate(1121 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रृ</span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-1619j0x">or</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0943 ◌ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(886 -9)" d="M-301,-40L-106,-197Q-154,-211 -211.5,-225.5Q-269,-240 -320.5,-259.5Q-372,-279 -405.5,-308.5Q-439,-338 -439,-383Q-439,-405 -432,-422Q-425,-439 -420,-443Q-415,-447 -398.5,-449.5Q-382,-452 -365,-452Q-317,-452 -265,-436.5Q-213,-421 -134,-390L-17,-538Q-72,-567 -123,-579Q-174,-591 -261,-591Q-316,-591 -378.5,-561.5Q-441,-532 -496.5,-484Q-552,-436 -587,-377.5Q-622,-319 -622,-261Q-622,-195 -579,-153.5Q-536,-112 -463.5,-85.5Q-391,-59 -301,-40Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रृ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0944 ◌ॄ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 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DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(1053 -20)" d="M-496,-255Q-500,-268 -515,-281.5Q-530,-295 -544,-302Q-568,-243 -592,-211.5Q-616,-180 -664,-180Q-713,-180 -746.5,-213.5Q-780,-247 -780,-332Q-780,-420 -705.5,-496.5Q-631,-573 -467,-644L-506,-694Q-575,-669 -649.5,-621Q-724,-573 -787.5,-509.5Q-851,-446 -891,-374.5Q-931,-303 -931,-231Q-931,-145 -883,-92.5Q-835,-40 -752,-40Q-701,-40 -652.5,-71.5Q-604,-103 -563,-152.5Q-522,-202 -496,-255ZM-178,-258Q-178,-208 -197,-194Q-216,-180 -278,-180Q-373,-180 -412.5,-223.5Q-452,-267 -452,-353Q-452,-383 -447,-426L-542,-466Q-564,-409 -578,-346Q-592,-283 -592,-230Q-592,-129 -524,-84.5Q-456,-40 -359,-40Q-292,-40 -231.5,-81.5Q-171,-123 -133,-185Q-95,-247 -95,-307L-95,-352Q-95,-362 -126.5,-365.5Q-158,-369 -199.5,-373.5Q-241,-378 -272.5,-389Q-304,-400 -304,-426Q-304,-434 -298,-442Q-292,-450 -289,-452Q-275,-459 -247,-459Q-191,-459 -103,-415L-37,-511Q-64,-527 -119,-535Q-174,-543 -208,-543Q-274,-543 -333.5,-497.5Q-393,-452 -393,-375Q-393,-340 -360.5,-322.5Q-328,-305 -285.5,-297Q-243,-289 -210.5,-281.5Q-178,-274 -178,-258ZM-59,-581L29,-686Q1,-705 -53.5,-717Q-108,-729 -143,-729Q-246,-729 -318.5,-677.5Q-391,-626 -391,-559Q-391,-531 -377.5,-495.5Q-364,-460 -329,-439L-245,-527Q-260,-537 -266.5,-552.5Q-273,-568 -273,-582Q-273,-613 -255,-629Q-253,-630 -241.5,-633Q-230,-636 -208,-636Q-175,-636 -130.5,-617.5Q-86,-599 -59,-581Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ॣ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0963 ◌ॣ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1539 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M783,1346L890,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L783,1346ZM1543,1346L1650,1162L712,1162L605,1346L1543,1346ZM939,894L939,1346L1126,1346L1126,894L939,894ZM1409,237L1530,90Q1505,73 1460.5,60Q1416,47 1370,39.5Q1324,32 1291,32Q1196,32 1117.5,64.5Q1039,97 993,151Q947,205 947,268Q947,306 961.5,355.5Q976,405 1025,434L1150,311Q1129,296 1120,275.5Q1111,255 1111,235Q1111,193 1136,170Q1139,168 1154.5,164Q1170,160 1201,160Q1247,160 1308.5,186Q1370,212 1409,237ZM767,708Q762,691 743.5,674Q725,657 709,648Q679,728 641.5,772Q604,816 527,816Q439,816 399,753.5Q359,691 359,594Q359,523 409,439.5Q459,356 558.5,277.5Q658,199 805,143L749,68Q645,113 541.5,182Q438,251 352.5,337.5Q267,424 215.5,521.5Q164,619 164,720Q164,844 234.5,919Q305,994 419,994Q479,994 548,948Q617,902 676.5,835.5Q736,769 767,708ZM988,994Q1151,994 1254,889.5Q1357,785 1357,560Q1357,549 1326.5,545Q1296,541 1250.5,538.5Q1205,536 1159.5,530Q1114,524 1083.5,509.5Q1053,495 1053,466Q1053,455 1061.5,438Q1070,421 1075,418Q1093,408 1133,408Q1172,408 1227.5,421.5Q1283,435 1347,467L1438,334Q1414,319 1369.5,309Q1325,299 1279,294Q1233,289 1201,289Q1140,289 1075.5,321Q1011,353 967,408.5Q923,464 923,535Q923,573 956.5,595Q990,617 1039.5,629Q1089,641 1138,648Q1187,655 1220.5,661Q1254,667 1254,677L1254,728Q1254,779 1241,802.5Q1228,826 1192,832.5Q1156,839 1086,839Q990,839 934.5,801.5Q879,764 855,702.5Q831,641 831,567Q831,523 839,465L714,411Q683,488 667.5,569Q652,650 652,720Q652,876 737,935Q822,994 988,994Z" /><path transform="translate(1292 26)" d="M-308,1945Q-273,1945 -225,1930Q-177,1915 -131.5,1886.5Q-86,1858 -55.5,1818Q-25,1778 -25,1729Q-25,1715 -28,1700L-170,1744Q-164,1762 -160,1777.5Q-156,1793 -156,1805Q-156,1834 -188,1834Q-277,1834 -319,1777Q-361,1720 -361,1638Q-361,1583 -335.5,1516.5Q-310,1450 -269.5,1388.5Q-229,1327 -184,1284L-243,1284Q-310,1338 -372,1411Q-434,1484 -473,1567.5Q-512,1651 -512,1735Q-512,1830 -460,1887.5Q-408,1945 -308,1945Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रॣ</span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-1619j0x">or</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+0963 ◌ॣ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /><path transform="translate(1046 -9)" d="M-496,-255Q-500,-268 -515,-281.5Q-530,-295 -544,-302Q-568,-243 -592,-211.5Q-616,-180 -664,-180Q-713,-180 -746.5,-213.5Q-780,-247 -780,-332Q-780,-420 -705.5,-496.5Q-631,-573 -467,-644L-506,-694Q-575,-669 -649.5,-621Q-724,-573 -787.5,-509.5Q-851,-446 -891,-374.5Q-931,-303 -931,-231Q-931,-145 -883,-92.5Q-835,-40 -752,-40Q-701,-40 -652.5,-71.5Q-604,-103 -563,-152.5Q-522,-202 -496,-255ZM-178,-258Q-178,-208 -197,-194Q-216,-180 -278,-180Q-373,-180 -412.5,-223.5Q-452,-267 -452,-353Q-452,-383 -447,-426L-542,-466Q-564,-409 -578,-346Q-592,-283 -592,-230Q-592,-129 -524,-84.5Q-456,-40 -359,-40Q-292,-40 -231.5,-81.5Q-171,-123 -133,-185Q-95,-247 -95,-307L-95,-352Q-95,-362 -126.5,-365.5Q-158,-369 -199.5,-373.5Q-241,-378 -272.5,-389Q-304,-400 -304,-426Q-304,-434 -298,-442Q-292,-450 -289,-452Q-275,-459 -247,-459Q-191,-459 -103,-415L-37,-511Q-64,-527 -119,-535Q-174,-543 -208,-543Q-274,-543 -333.5,-497.5Q-393,-452 -393,-375Q-393,-340 -360.5,-322.5Q-328,-305 -285.5,-297Q-243,-289 -210.5,-281.5Q-178,-274 -178,-258ZM-59,-581L29,-686Q1,-705 -53.5,-717Q-108,-729 -143,-729Q-246,-729 -318.5,-677.5Q-391,-626 -391,-559Q-391,-531 -377.5,-495.5Q-364,-460 -329,-439L-245,-527Q-260,-537 -266.5,-552.5Q-273,-568 -273,-582Q-273,-613 -255,-629Q-253,-630 -241.5,-633Q-230,-636 -208,-636Q-175,-636 -130.5,-617.5Q-86,-599 -59,-581Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">रॣ</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>The graphical forms displayed above with the reph (<span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA<sub data-svelte-h="svelte-8toic4">sup</sub></span>) should not be represented by sequences of <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">RA</span> + virama + independent vowel, as such sequences violate the general encoding principles of the script. <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> orthographic syllables are not represented by consonant + virama + independent vowel.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-unzcrs">The practice of writing these phonological sequences as a <i>reph</i> on an independent vocalic liquid letter is also observed in other Indic scripts, such as Gujarati, Oriya, Telugu, Kannada, and Bhaiksuki.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G698949" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G698949" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Sample Half-Ligature Forms.</span></span> In addition to half-form glyphs of individual consonants, half-forms are used to depict conjunct ligature forms. A sample of such forms is shown in <a href="#G698814" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-7</a>. These forms are glyphs, not characters. They may be encoded explicitly using <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> as shown. In normal conjunct formation, they may be used spontaneously to depict a conjunct ligature in combination with subsequent consonant forms.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G698814" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G698814" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-7.</span> Sample Devanagari Half-Ligature Forms</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1706 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,1346L938,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L830,1346ZM1710,1346L1817,1162L825,1162L718,1346L1710,1346ZM813,83L813,1345L1000,1345L1000,-25L813,83ZM913,457L909,747Q954,801 1022.5,842.5Q1091,884 1203,884Q1271,884 1330,843Q1389,802 1434,738.5Q1479,675 1504.5,606Q1530,537 1530,481Q1530,360 1506,268.5Q1482,177 1440,85L1246,238Q1282,289 1319.5,360Q1357,431 1383,499Q1409,567 1409,607Q1409,653 1397,671Q1385,688 1347.5,701.5Q1310,715 1266,715Q1223,715 1174,683Q1125,651 1080,602.5Q1035,554 1004.5,502.5Q974,451 968,412L913,457ZM909,624L902,632Q927,595 948,569L999,503Q937,415 823.5,371.5Q710,328 588,328Q518,328 442.5,366.5Q367,405 301.5,466.5Q236,528 195,600Q154,672 154,738Q154,1008 460,1008Q560,1008 651.5,951Q743,894 811.5,806Q880,718 909,624ZM811,661Q745,738 676.5,779Q608,820 525,820Q435,820 370,765Q305,710 305,631Q305,609 314,572.5Q323,536 332,527Q345,514 393.5,489.5Q442,465 513,465Q563,465 620,492.5Q677,520 728.5,565Q780,610 811,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">क</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1167 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,1320L891,641L891,505L218,1178L218,1320ZM833,1346L940,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L833,1346ZM1171,1346L1278,1162L350,1162L243,1346L1171,1346ZM795,84L796,1346L984,1346L984,-25L795,84ZM851,781L856,482Q825,453 758,432Q691,411 590,411Q541,411 472.5,450Q404,489 338,549.5Q272,610 228,677Q184,744 184,800L184,1271L368,1271L368,674Q368,620 391,595.5Q414,571 447,564.5Q480,558 510,558Q620,558 695.5,606Q771,654 797,742L851,781Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ष</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 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title="U+091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1422 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M748,1346L855,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L748,1346ZM1426,1346L1532,1162L610,1162L503,1346L1426,1346ZM1051,85L1051,1311L1238,1311L1238,-25L1051,85ZM426,960L1092,960L1092,776L706,776Q786,703 846,611Q906,519 906,424Q906,315 837.5,268Q769,221 670,221Q587,221 511,262Q435,303 368,369.5Q301,436 244.5,515.5Q188,595 144.5,673Q101,751 73,814L161,861Q214,748 272.5,644.5Q331,541 405.5,475.5Q480,410 580,410Q642,410 679.5,452Q717,494 717,552Q717,618 685,670Q653,722 603,762.5Q553,803 498,834Q443,865 397,887L426,960Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path 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/><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 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154,456Q154,539 229,539Q258,539 296.5,509Q335,479 389,403Q452,403 491,433.5Q530,464 547.5,503Q565,542 565,567Q565,668 493,740Q400,833 136,944L162,1012L1000,1012Z" /><path transform="translate(900)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ज्ञ्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 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690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 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/><path transform="translate(910)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्त्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1196 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M810,1346L917,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L810,1346ZM1199,1346L1307,1162L383,1162L276,1346L1199,1346ZM825,84L824,1326L1013,1326L1013,-25L825,84ZM923,913L923,729L571,729Q472,729 408,669.5Q344,610 344,513Q344,401 412.5,291.5Q481,182 598,43L528,-7Q476,65 411.5,145.5Q347,226 288,310Q229,394 191,478.5Q153,563 153,643Q153,789 228.5,851Q304,913 441,913L923,913Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 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500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span> </td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 932 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M247,266L962,702L962,443L438,98L247,266ZM735,1346L842,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L735,1346ZM942,1346L1048,1162L216,1162L109,1346L942,1346ZM962,706L962,630L957,617Q883,647 809.5,693Q736,739 661.5,775Q587,811 507,811Q451,811 393.5,789.5Q336,768 281,717L150,937Q197,980 246,998Q295,1016 344,1016Q430,1016 515.5,973.5Q601,931 681.5,873.5Q762,816 833,767.5Q904,719 962,706Z" /><path transform="translate(932)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">त्र्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1404 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M805,1346L911,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L805,1346ZM1407,1346L1515,1162L588,1162L480,1346L1407,1346ZM1032,83L1032,1345L1220,1345L1220,-25L1032,83ZM457,1328Q518,1328 593.5,1288Q669,1248 738,1183Q807,1118 851.5,1041Q896,964 896,889Q896,775 850,673.5Q804,572 719.5,496Q635,420 521,381L805,35L760,-7L446,363Q398,355 351,355Q305,355 259.5,393Q214,431 184,485.5Q154,540 154,588Q154,614 173,641.5Q192,669 229,669Q254,669 283,648Q312,627 338.5,599.5Q365,572 380,554Q452,586 515.5,632Q579,678 628,742Q570,758 495.5,791Q421,824 352.5,872Q284,920 239,982.5Q194,1045 194,1120Q194,1241 267,1284.5Q340,1328 457,1328ZM393,935Q422,906 497,879.5Q572,853 677,830Q714,915 714,1018Q714,1050 705.5,1091Q697,1132 683,1142Q670,1152 655,1156.5Q640,1161 596,1161Q545,1161 494,1141Q443,1121 409.5,1084.5Q376,1048 376,997Q376,952 393,935Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 868 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M769,1346L876,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L769,1346ZM872,1346L980,1162L61,1162L-46,1346L872,1346ZM428,1298L615,1298L615,703Q615,600 559,546Q503,492 417,472Q454,377 545.5,274.5Q637,172 782,56L744,-8Q682,38 604.5,103Q527,168 449,243Q371,318 305,395Q239,472 199,544Q159,616 159,673Q159,716 181,739Q203,762 239,762Q282,762 311,741.5Q340,721 373,721Q394,721 411,739Q428,757 428,788L428,1298Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1066 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M419,856Q423,848 423,837Q423,818 410.5,803.5Q398,789 378,789Q359,789 343.5,802.5Q328,816 328,837Q328,855 342.5,870Q357,885 377,885Q407,885 419,856ZM734,97Q738,85 738,79Q738,61 724,46Q710,31 690,31Q672,31 657,45Q642,59 642,80Q642,97 655,112Q668,127 687,127Q719,127 734,97ZM275,782Q290,769 290,749Q290,701 243,701Q223,701 209,714.5Q195,728 195,747Q195,767 209,781.5Q223,796 242,796Q261,796 275,782ZM857,202Q871,188 871,168Q871,149 857.5,135Q844,121 823,121Q803,121 789,135Q775,149 775,168Q775,188 788.5,201.5Q802,215 821,215Q841,215 857,202ZM171,659Q202,646 202,613Q202,594 186.5,580.5Q171,567 153,567Q132,567 119,582Q106,597 106,615Q106,635 120.5,649Q135,663 153,663Q159,663 171,659ZM930,345Q960,332 960,301Q960,281 945.5,267.5Q931,254 912,254Q890,254 877,268.5Q864,283 864,301Q864,324 879.5,336Q895,348 913,348Q923,348 930,345ZM122,505Q141,505 156,491.5Q171,478 171,459Q171,439 156,424.5Q141,410 121,410Q102,410 88.5,424.5Q75,439 75,458Q75,478 88.5,491.5Q102,505 122,505ZM943,506Q963,506 977,492Q991,478 991,458Q991,439 977.5,425Q964,411 944,411L940,411Q922,411 908.5,425Q895,439 895,457Q895,477 910,491Q925,505 943,506ZM135,344Q143,348 154,348Q174,348 188,335Q202,322 202,302Q202,283 188,268Q174,253 154,253Q135,253 120.5,267.5Q106,282 106,302Q106,333 135,344ZM894,659Q906,663 912,663Q930,663 945,649Q960,635 960,615Q960,597 946,582Q932,567 911,567Q893,567 879,581Q865,595 865,614Q865,646 894,659ZM209,200Q224,215 241,215Q262,215 276,201.5Q290,188 290,168Q290,149 276.5,134.5Q263,120 243,120Q224,120 209.5,134.5Q195,149 195,168Q195,186 209,200ZM789,782Q805,796 823,796Q843,796 856.5,782Q870,768 870,748Q870,729 856.5,714.5Q843,700 823,700Q804,700 790,715Q776,730 776,748Q776,767 789,782ZM332,96Q338,110 351.5,118Q365,126 377,126Q397,126 410.5,111Q424,96 424,78Q424,58 409,44.5Q394,31 376,31Q357,31 342.5,46Q328,61 328,78Q328,84 332,96ZM646,855Q659,885 690,885Q710,885 724,870Q738,855 738,836Q738,816 723,802.5Q708,789 690,789Q670,789 656.5,804.5Q643,820 643,838Q643,846 646,855ZM486,47Q486,67 500,81Q514,95 533,95Q553,95 567,81Q581,67 581,47Q581,28 567,14Q553,0 533,0Q514,0 500,14Q486,28 486,47ZM486,868Q486,888 500,902Q514,916 533,916Q553,916 567,902Q581,888 581,868Q581,849 567,835Q553,821 533,821Q514,821 500,835Q486,849 486,868Z" /><path transform="translate(840 -50)" d="M248,-621Q111,-458 -9,-362.5Q-129,-267 -239,-267Q-299,-267 -353,-296L-481,-113Q-461,-98 -429,-87Q-397,-76 -358,-76Q-289,-76 -214,-114.5Q-139,-153 -64,-215.5Q11,-278 80,-351Q149,-424 206.5,-495Q264,-566 304,-621L248,-621Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span> </td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span> </td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 993 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M725,1346L832,1162L-4,1162L-110,1346L725,1346ZM1003,1346L1110,1162L507,1162L400,1346L1003,1346ZM1023,615L1023,377L623,10L354,10L1023,615ZM416,1329Q477,1329 559,1283Q641,1237 712,1166Q768,1111 803.5,1051.5Q839,992 839,938Q839,829 750,767L1023,661L1023,545L643,692L240,409L59,542L412,783Q344,816 285,868Q226,920 189.5,989Q153,1058 153,1141Q153,1223 187.5,1262.5Q222,1302 282,1315Q342,1328 416,1329ZM559,1161Q523,1161 470,1148Q417,1135 376.5,1104Q336,1073 336,1018Q336,970 370,937.5Q404,905 447.5,885.5Q491,866 519,856Q545,875 582.5,907Q620,939 648.5,977Q677,1015 677,1051Q677,1082 668,1106Q659,1130 648,1141Q635,1155 610.5,1158Q586,1161 559,1161Z" /><path transform="translate(993)" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श्र्‍</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G699909" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G699909" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Language-Specific Allographs.</span></span> In Marathi, Nepali, and some South Indian orthographies, variant glyphs are preferred for certain letters and digits. These include <span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+091D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA</span></span>, <span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0932 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER LA</span></span>, <span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0936 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA</span></span>, and the digits five, eight, and nine, as shown in <a href="#G700689" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-8</a>. Marathi also makes use of the “eyelash” form of the letter RA, as discussed in rule R5.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G700689" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G700689" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-8.</span> Marathi and Nepali Allographs</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-mc07ve"><th>Code Point</th> <th>Hindi</th> <th>Marathi</th> <th>Nepali</th></tr> <tr><td>U+091D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">JHA</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1514 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M370,432Q244,467 173,544.5Q102,622 102,721Q102,781 124,823Q146,865 188,894.5Q230,924 286.5,938.5Q343,953 430,953L622,953L622,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1544,1274L1544,1128L1331,1128L1331,0L1166,0L1166,441Q1108,409 1037,392Q966,375 876,375Q881,346 881,316Q881,252 857.5,203Q834,154 795.5,117.5Q757,81 708,57Q659,33 608,20Q741,-42 890,-82L823,-225Q598,-135 402,1Q271,6 211,37Q151,68 151,129Q151,177 180,206Q209,235 261,235Q303,235 346,214Q389,193 452,140Q526,140 588,162.5Q650,185 684.5,226Q719,267 719,321Q719,388 670,428Q621,468 538,468Q502,468 456.5,458.5Q411,449 370,432ZM787,1128L787,807L425,807Q382,807 354,803.5Q326,800 310,792Q294,784 283,772.5Q272,761 266,745Q260,729 260,710Q260,668 292,636Q324,604 377,590Q452,614 530,614Q606,614 669,595Q732,576 778,539Q825,519 892,519Q969,519 1034.5,545Q1100,571 1166,632L1166,1128L787,1128Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">झ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1514 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M370,432Q244,467 173,544.5Q102,622 102,721Q102,781 124,823Q146,865 188,894.5Q230,924 286.5,938.5Q343,953 430,953L622,953L622,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1544,1274L1544,1128L1331,1128L1331,0L1166,0L1166,441Q1108,409 1037,392Q966,375 876,375Q881,346 881,316Q881,252 857.5,203Q834,154 795.5,117.5Q757,81 708,57Q659,33 608,20Q741,-42 890,-82L823,-225Q598,-135 402,1Q271,6 211,37Q151,68 151,129Q151,177 180,206Q209,235 261,235Q303,235 346,214Q389,193 452,140Q526,140 588,162.5Q650,185 684.5,226Q719,267 719,321Q719,388 670,428Q621,468 538,468Q502,468 456.5,458.5Q411,449 370,432ZM787,1128L787,807L425,807Q382,807 354,803.5Q326,800 310,792Q294,784 283,772.5Q272,761 266,745Q260,729 260,710Q260,668 292,636Q324,604 377,590Q452,614 530,614Q606,614 669,595Q732,576 778,539Q825,519 892,519Q969,519 1034.5,545Q1100,571 1166,632L1166,1128L787,1128Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">झ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1893 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1091,511L679,511L679,437Q679,377 652,343Q625,309 580,309Q532,309 474,350.5Q416,392 375.5,455.5Q335,519 335,569Q335,612 366.5,634.5Q398,657 459,657L519,657L519,873Q519,996 499.5,1052.5Q480,1109 442,1136Q404,1163 346,1163Q291,1163 262,1137Q233,1111 233,1068Q233,1006 286,976.5Q339,947 446,942L431,796Q263,810 179,877Q95,944 95,1064Q95,1174 166.5,1234Q238,1294 356,1294Q472,1294 544.5,1244.5Q617,1195 648,1114.5Q679,1034 679,894L679,657L1091,657L1091,1128L824,1128L824,1274L1923,1274L1923,1128L1256,1128L1256,714Q1307,764 1366,791Q1425,818 1498,818Q1635,818 1717,729.5Q1799,641 1799,490Q1799,386 1764.5,279.5Q1730,173 1666,79L1518,164Q1570,230 1602,316.5Q1634,403 1634,486Q1634,581 1594,628Q1554,675 1482,675Q1373,675 1256,526L1256,0L1091,0L1091,511Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">झ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td>U+0932 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">LA</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1389 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1024,872L1033,872Q1038,872 1042,871L1042,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1419,1274L1419,1128L1206,1128L1206,0L1042,0L1042,727Q1033,729 1011,729Q913,729 843,653Q773,577 729,427L572,476Q597,572 636,641Q576,686 527,704Q478,722 428,722Q349,722 303.5,677Q258,632 258,556Q258,528 263.5,501Q269,474 282,445.5Q295,417 318.5,382.5Q342,348 381.5,306Q421,264 484,208.5Q547,153 632,82L522,-25Q408,72 345.5,130Q283,188 233,246Q183,304 152.5,357Q122,410 107.5,460.5Q93,511 93,564Q93,657 136,726.5Q179,796 255,834Q331,872 418,872Q502,872 577.5,844Q653,816 726,758Q846,872 1024,872Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1432 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M726,757Q824,848 963,867L963,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1462,1274L1462,1128L1127,1128L1127,858Q1168,846 1207,821.5Q1246,797 1276,758Q1306,719 1324.5,665Q1343,611 1343,540Q1343,454 1319,373.5Q1295,293 1254.5,220Q1214,147 1143,52L1002,155Q1092,264 1135,360.5Q1178,457 1178,548Q1178,635 1135.5,682Q1093,729 1015,729Q913,729 842.5,653Q772,577 729,427L572,476Q597,572 636,641Q576,686 527,704Q478,722 428,722Q349,722 303.5,677Q258,632 258,556Q258,528 263.5,501Q269,474 282,445.5Q295,417 318.5,382.5Q342,348 381.5,306Q421,264 484,208.5Q547,153 632,82L522,-25Q408,72 345.5,130Q283,188 233,246Q183,304 152.5,357Q122,410 107.5,460.5Q93,511 93,564Q93,657 136,726.5Q179,796 255,834Q331,872 418,872Q504,872 579,843.5Q654,815 726,757Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1389 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1024,872L1033,872Q1038,872 1042,871L1042,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1419,1274L1419,1128L1206,1128L1206,0L1042,0L1042,727Q1033,729 1011,729Q913,729 843,653Q773,577 729,427L572,476Q597,572 636,641Q576,686 527,704Q478,722 428,722Q349,722 303.5,677Q258,632 258,556Q258,528 263.5,501Q269,474 282,445.5Q295,417 318.5,382.5Q342,348 381.5,306Q421,264 484,208.5Q547,153 632,82L522,-25Q408,72 345.5,130Q283,188 233,246Q183,304 152.5,357Q122,410 107.5,460.5Q93,511 93,564Q93,657 136,726.5Q179,796 255,834Q331,872 418,872Q502,872 577.5,844Q653,816 726,758Q846,872 1024,872Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ल</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td>U+0936 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">SHA</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1393 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M392,564Q501,600 563,691Q625,782 625,908Q625,981 597.5,1039.5Q570,1098 520.5,1130.5Q471,1163 407,1163Q348,1163 315.5,1134Q283,1105 283,1056Q283,982 353,943Q423,904 553,901L519,757Q395,765 308,806.5Q221,848 178,913Q135,978 135,1058Q135,1128 166,1181Q197,1234 261,1264Q325,1294 418,1294Q522,1294 607.5,1246Q693,1198 740,1108.5Q787,1019 787,901Q787,759 716.5,639.5Q646,520 520,452Q686,307 847,89L716,-2Q618,136 534,232.5Q450,329 367,399Q311,388 249,388Q202,388 163.5,404Q125,420 103,451Q81,482 81,522Q81,579 116,611.5Q151,644 212,644Q253,644 293.5,625.5Q334,607 392,564ZM1423,1128L1210,1128L1210,0L1045,0L1045,1128L863,1128L863,1274L1423,1274L1423,1128Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1375 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1405,1128L1192,1128L1192,0L1027,0L1027,1128L506,1128L506,968Q654,946 731.5,858.5Q809,771 809,629Q809,510 741,415Q673,320 549,264Q656,169 742,69L616,-24Q491,131 389,217Q332,208 274,208Q223,208 183.5,224.5Q144,241 122,271.5Q100,302 100,342Q100,399 135,431.5Q170,464 231,464Q278,464 321,442Q364,420 417,379Q522,407 583,474.5Q644,542 644,630Q644,724 581,776Q518,828 409,828Q335,828 273,812Q211,796 131,757L79,901Q207,962 342,972L342,1128L0,1128L0,1274L1405,1274L1405,1128Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1393 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M392,564Q501,600 563,691Q625,782 625,908Q625,981 597.5,1039.5Q570,1098 520.5,1130.5Q471,1163 407,1163Q348,1163 315.5,1134Q283,1105 283,1056Q283,982 353,943Q423,904 553,901L519,757Q395,765 308,806.5Q221,848 178,913Q135,978 135,1058Q135,1128 166,1181Q197,1234 261,1264Q325,1294 418,1294Q522,1294 607.5,1246Q693,1198 740,1108.5Q787,1019 787,901Q787,759 716.5,639.5Q646,520 520,452Q686,307 847,89L716,-2Q618,136 534,232.5Q450,329 367,399Q311,388 249,388Q202,388 163.5,404Q125,420 103,451Q81,482 81,522Q81,579 116,611.5Q151,644 212,644Q253,644 293.5,625.5Q334,607 392,564ZM1423,1128L1210,1128L1210,0L1045,0L1045,1128L863,1128L863,1274L1423,1274L1423,1128Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">श</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td>U+096B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">FIVE</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096B ५ DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M465,1251Q396,1133 366,1038.5Q336,944 336,853Q336,709 407.5,637.5Q479,566 630,566Q638,566 668,569Q661,587 658.5,607Q656,627 656,641Q656,703 695.5,737.5Q735,772 800,772Q853,772 893,748Q933,724 953,687.5Q973,651 973,611Q973,554 944,513.5Q915,473 857,452Q902,339 982,180.5Q1062,22 1124,-72L977,-137Q917,-35 834,142Q751,319 712,427Q684,423 639,423Q494,423 388.5,473Q283,523 227.5,625Q172,727 172,877Q172,979 203,1089.5Q234,1200 292,1295L465,1251Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">५</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096B ५ DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M465,1251Q396,1133 366,1038.5Q336,944 336,853Q336,709 407.5,637.5Q479,566 630,566Q638,566 668,569Q661,587 658.5,607Q656,627 656,641Q656,703 695.5,737.5Q735,772 800,772Q853,772 893,748Q933,724 953,687.5Q973,651 973,611Q973,554 944,513.5Q915,473 857,452Q902,339 982,180.5Q1062,22 1124,-72L977,-137Q917,-35 834,142Q751,319 712,427Q684,423 639,423Q494,423 388.5,473Q283,523 227.5,625Q172,727 172,877Q172,979 203,1089.5Q234,1200 292,1295L465,1251Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">५</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096B ५ DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M347,1006Q347,912 365,866Q383,820 418,798.5Q453,777 519,777Q627,777 736,857L793,1280L958,1274L893,809Q860,572 793,433Q726,294 615,234Q726,126 859,-51L726,-137Q557,101 470,186Q424,178 358,178Q279,178 230,214.5Q181,251 181,312Q181,369 216,401.5Q251,434 312,434Q363,434 408,413Q453,392 503,350Q654,406 712,685Q611,632 494,632Q420,632 361.5,656Q303,680 261.5,727.5Q220,775 201.5,840Q183,905 183,1002L183,1274L347,1274L347,1006Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">५</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td>U+096E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">EIGHT</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096E ८ DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M782,1295L910,1186L480,668Q432,610 400,565Q368,520 349.5,483.5Q331,447 323,415Q315,383 315,351Q315,296 333,258Q351,220 382.5,196.5Q414,173 456.5,162.5Q499,152 548,152Q654,152 752,187Q850,222 953,290L1025,139Q978,111 926,86Q874,61 816.5,42Q759,23 695,11.5Q631,0 560,0Q482,0 407.5,21Q333,42 275.5,85Q218,128 183,194Q148,260 148,351Q148,399 157.5,444Q167,489 191.5,540.5Q216,592 258.5,653.5Q301,715 368,795L782,1295Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">८</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096E ८ DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M782,1295L910,1186L480,668Q432,610 400,565Q368,520 349.5,483.5Q331,447 323,415Q315,383 315,351Q315,296 333,258Q351,220 382.5,196.5Q414,173 456.5,162.5Q499,152 548,152Q654,152 752,187Q850,222 953,290L1025,139Q978,111 926,86Q874,61 816.5,42Q759,23 695,11.5Q631,0 560,0Q482,0 407.5,21Q333,42 275.5,85Q218,128 183,194Q148,260 148,351Q148,399 157.5,444Q167,489 191.5,540.5Q216,592 258.5,653.5Q301,715 368,795L782,1295Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">८</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096E ८ DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M732,93Q760,124 776,154.5Q792,185 792,222Q792,254 777,277Q762,300 733,309Q704,318 632,318L586,318Q395,318 301,394.5Q207,471 207,631Q207,732 248.5,839.5Q290,947 381,1076L114,1076L114,1222L1025,1222L1025,1076L569,1076Q471,961 420,847Q369,733 369,636Q369,536 412.5,500.5Q456,465 564,465L651,465Q772,465 834,437Q896,409 928,357Q960,305 960,230Q960,173 940.5,121.5Q921,70 865,-6L732,93Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">८</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td>U+096F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">NINE</span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096F ९ DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M556,629Q602,599 649,561L942,324Q1011,268 1045,207.5Q1079,147 1079,70Q1079,17 1060,-34Q1041,-85 984,-161L851,-62Q879,-31 894.5,0Q910,31 910,70Q910,110 893.5,139.5Q877,169 828,211L312,638Q248,691 211.5,742.5Q175,794 160,845.5Q145,897 145,962Q145,1053 190.5,1130Q236,1207 314.5,1250.5Q393,1294 487,1294Q585,1294 664,1251Q743,1208 787.5,1129.5Q832,1051 832,952Q832,817 760,733Q688,649 556,629ZM485,759Q536,759 578,784Q620,809 643.5,854Q667,899 667,956Q667,1011 645.5,1055Q624,1099 583.5,1123.5Q543,1148 491,1148Q439,1148 397.5,1122.5Q356,1097 333,1051.5Q310,1006 310,950Q310,893 332,849.5Q354,806 393.5,782.5Q433,759 485,759Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">९</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096F ९ DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M556,629Q602,599 649,561L942,324Q1011,268 1045,207.5Q1079,147 1079,70Q1079,17 1060,-34Q1041,-85 984,-161L851,-62Q879,-31 894.5,0Q910,31 910,70Q910,110 893.5,139.5Q877,169 828,211L312,638Q248,691 211.5,742.5Q175,794 160,845.5Q145,897 145,962Q145,1053 190.5,1130Q236,1207 314.5,1250.5Q393,1294 487,1294Q585,1294 664,1251Q743,1208 787.5,1129.5Q832,1051 832,952Q832,817 760,733Q688,649 556,629ZM485,759Q536,759 578,784Q620,809 643.5,854Q667,899 667,956Q667,1011 645.5,1055Q624,1099 583.5,1123.5Q543,1148 491,1148Q439,1148 397.5,1122.5Q356,1097 333,1051.5Q310,1006 310,950Q310,893 332,849.5Q354,806 393.5,782.5Q433,759 485,759Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">९</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+096F ९ DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -2048 1128 2048" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M749,93Q776,123 792.5,153.5Q809,184 809,222Q809,254 794,277Q779,300 750,309Q721,318 649,318L546,318Q355,318 261,394.5Q167,471 167,631Q167,873 402,1200Q509,1121 577,1089Q645,1057 715,1057Q808,1057 808,1156Q808,1195 795,1239L960,1271Q975,1209 975,1154Q975,1035 912.5,972Q850,909 732,909Q597,909 455,995Q329,792 329,636Q329,536 372.5,500.5Q416,465 524,465L668,465Q789,465 851,437Q913,409 945,357Q977,305 977,230Q977,173 957.5,121.5Q938,70 882,-6L749,93Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">९</span></span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-5p2ph0">In addition, various languages written in Devanagari (or sometimes their various orthographic traditions) tend to have different preferences for formation of certain ligatures (see the text on “Sample Ligatures,” earlier in this section). For example, modern Nepali orthographies prefer a smaller number of ligatures than commonly used in Hindi or Marathi.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G36183" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36183" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Combining Marks.</span></span> Devanagari and other Indic scripts have a number of combining marks that could be considered diacritic. One class of these marks, known as bindus, is represented by <span title="U+0901 ◌ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0901 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU</span></span> and <span title="U+0902 ◌ं DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0902 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA</span></span>. These marks indicate nasalization or final nasal closure of a syllable. <span title="U+093C ◌़ DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA</span></span> is a true diacritic. It is used to extend the basic set of consonant letters by modifying them (with a subscript dot in Devanagari) to create new letters.</p> <p><span title="U+0951 ◌॑ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0951 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA</span></span> and <span title="U+0952 ◌॒ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0952 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA</span></span> are tone marks used in the representation of Vedic text in Devanagari. These two combining marks may also occur in the representation of Vedic texts written in other scripts, including transliterations in the Latin script. They are given the Indic_Syllabic_Category value of Cantillation_Mark.</p> <p><span title="U+0953 ◌॓ DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0953 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT</span></span> and <span title="U+0954 ◌॔ DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0954 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT</span></span> were originally encoded for Latin transliteration of Sanskrit text. However, such use is now discouraged, and Latin transliterations should simply use the generic combining marks, <span title="U+0300 ◌̀ COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0300 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT</span></span> and <span title="U+0301 ◌́ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0301 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT</span></span>. Because U+0953 and U+0954 are not intended to be used with the Devanagari script, they have no explicit property values for Indic_Positional_Category and Indic_Syllabic_Category.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G672573" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672573" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.4 Devanagari Digits, Punctuation, and Symbols</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G10063" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10063" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Digits.</span></span> Each Indic script has a distinct set of digits appropriate to that script. These digits may or may not be used in ordinary text in that script. European digits have displaced the Indic script forms in modern usage in many of the scripts. Some Indic scripts—notably Tamil—lacked a distinct digit for zero in their traditional numerical systems, but adopted a zero based on general Indian practice.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G10065" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10065" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> <span title="U+0964 । DEVANAGARI DANDA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0964 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2884 -22528 1689 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M128 50V617H147L203 553V-17H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">।</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI DANDA</span></span> is similar to a full stop. <span title="U+0965 ॥ DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0965 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2884 -22528 5812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M386 -17H366L309 50V616H329L386 552ZM203 -17H184L128 50V616H147L203 552Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">॥</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA</span></span> marks the end of a verse in traditional texts. The term <i data-svelte-h="svelte-js1sf2">danda</i> is from Sanskrit, and the punctuation mark is generally referred to as a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-smp72h">viram</i> instead in Hindi. Although the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-js1sf2">danda</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1k0vaqb">double danda</i> are encoded in the Devanagari block, the intent is that they be used as common punctuation for all the major scripts of India covered by this chapter. <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1azux4g">Danda </i>and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-ctrbc9">double danda </i>punctuation marks are not separately encoded for some Indic scripts, such as Gujarati, Gurmukhi, and Oriya. However, analogous punctuation marks for other Brahmi-derived scripts <i data-svelte-h="svelte-azleq4">are</i> separately encoded, particularly for scripts used primarily outside of India.</p> <p>Many modern languages written in the Devanagari script intersperse punctuation derived from the Latin script. Thus <span title="U+002C , COMMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+002C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMMA</span></span> and <span title="U+002E . FULL STOP" class="svelte-wim892">U+002E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">FULL STOP</span></span> are freely used in writing Hindi, and the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-js1sf2">danda</i> is usually restricted to more traditional texts. However, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-js1sf2">danda</i> may be preserved when such traditional texts are transliterated into the Latin script.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G60140" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G60140" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Other Symbols.</span></span> U+0970 <span title="U+0970 ॰ DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 361 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M298,409Q298,360 263.5,326Q229,292 181,292Q132,292 98,326Q64,360 64,409Q64,457 98,491Q132,525 181,525Q230,525 264,491.5Q298,458 298,409ZM254,409Q254,440 232.5,461Q211,482 181,482Q150,482 128.5,461Q107,440 107,409Q107,379 128.5,357.5Q150,336 181,336Q211,336 232.5,357.5Q254,379 254,409Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">॰</span></span></span> <span title="U+0970 ॰ DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN</span></span> appears after letters or combinations of letters and marks the sequence as an abbreviation. It is intended specifically for Devanagari script-based abbreviations, such as the Devanagari rupee sign. Other symbols and signs most commonly occurring in Vedic texts are encoded in the Devanagari Extended and Vedic Extensions blocks and are discussed in the text that follows.</p> <p>The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1iyt48i">svasti</i> (or well-being) signs often associated with the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions are encoded in the Tibetan block. See <a href="/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-13/#G31615" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 13.4, Tibetan</a> for further information.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G672550" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672550" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.5 Extensions in the Main Devanagari Block</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G60015" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G60015" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Sindhi Letters.</span></span> The characters <span title="U+097B ॻ DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA" class="svelte-wim892">U+097B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA</span></span>, <span title="U+097C ॼ DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA" class="svelte-wim892">U+097C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA</span></span>, <span title="U+097E ॾ DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA" class="svelte-wim892">U+097E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA</span></span>, and <span title="U+097F ॿ DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA" class="svelte-wim892">U+097F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA</span></span> are used to write Sindhi implosive consonants. Previous versions of the Unicode Standard recommended representing those characters as a combination of the usual consonants with <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-d852k">anudātta</i>, but those combinations are no longer recommended.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G672564" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672564" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Konkani.</span></span> Konkani makes use of additional sounds that can be represented with combinations such as <span title="U+091A च DEVANAGARI LETTER CA" class="svelte-wim892">U+091A <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER CA</span></span> plus <span title="U+093C ◌़ DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA</span></span> and <span title="U+091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+091F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA</span></span> plus <span title="U+0949 ◌ॉ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O" class="svelte-wim892">U+0949 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O</span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G672541" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672541" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Kashmiri Letters.</span></span> There are several letters for use with Kashmiri when written in Devanagari script. Long and short versions of the independent vowel letters are encoded in the range U+0973..U+0977. The corresponding dependent vowel signs are <span title="U+093A ◌ऺ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE" class="svelte-wim892">U+093A <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE</span></span>, <span title="U+093B ◌ऻ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE" class="svelte-wim892">U+093B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE</span></span>, and <span title="U+094F ◌ॏ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW" class="svelte-wim892">U+094F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW</span></span>. The forms of the independent vowels for Kashmiri are constructed by using the glyphs of the matras <span title="U+093B ◌ऻ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE" class="svelte-wim892">U+093B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE</span></span>, <span title="U+094F ◌ॏ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW" class="svelte-wim892">U+094F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW</span></span>, <span title="U+0956 ◌ॖ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0956 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE</span></span>, and <span title="U+0957 ◌ॗ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0957 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE</span></span> as diacritics on <span title="U+0905 अ DEVANAGARI LETTER A" class="svelte-wim892">U+0905 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER A</span></span>. However, for representation of independent vowels in Kashmiri, use the encoded, composite characters in the range U+0973..U+0977 and not the visually equivalent sequences of <span title="U+0905 अ DEVANAGARI LETTER A" class="svelte-wim892">U+0905 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER A</span></span> plus the matras. See <a href="#G672982" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-1</a>. A few of the letters identified as being used for Kashmiri are also used to write the Bihari languages.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G82109" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G82109" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Bodo, Dogri, and Maithili.</span></span> The orthographies of the Bodo, Dogri, and Maithili languages of India make use of U+02BC “ ’ ” <span title="U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></span>, either as a tone mark or as a length mark. In Bodo and Dogri, this character functions as a tone mark, called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1cq724d">gojau kamaa</i> in Bodo and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wza2mz">sur chinha</i> in Dogri. In Dogri, the tone mark occurs after short vowels, including inherent vowels, and indicates a high-falling tone. After Dogri long vowels, a high-falling tone is written instead using <span title="U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0939 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER HA</span></span>.</p> <p>In Maithili, U+02BC “ ’ ” <span title="U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></span> is used to indicate the prolongation of a short <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14la04t">a</i> and to indicate the truncation of words. This sign is called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-fcb0dq">bikari kaamaa</i>.</p> <p>Examples illustrating the use of U+02BC “ ’ ” <span title="U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></span> in Bodo, Dogri, and Maithili are shown in <a href="#G664375" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-10</a>. The Maithili examples show the same sentence, first in full form, and then using U+02BC to show truncation of words.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G664375" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664375" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-10.</span> Use of Apostrophe in Bodo, Dogri and Maithili</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig-9-10-BodoDogriMaithili.svg" alt="" style="width: 22em;"></div> </figure> <p>In both Dogri and Maithili, an <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1gz9tgs">avagraha sign</i>, <span title="U+093D ऽ DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA</span></span>, is used to indicate extra-long vowels. An example of the contrastive use of this <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1gz9tgs">avagraha sign</i> is shown for Dogri in <a href="#G672488" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-11</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G672488" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672488" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-11.</span> Use of Avagraha in Dogri</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig-9-11-Dogri.svg" alt="" style="width: 10em;"></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G684307" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G684307" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Letters for Bihari Languages.</span></span> A number of the Devanagari vowel letters have been used to write the Bihari languages Bhojpuri, Magadhi, and Maithili, as listed in <a href="#G685037" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-9</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G685037" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G685037" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-9.</span> Devanagari Vowels Used in Bihari Languages</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+090E ऎ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E" class="svelte-wim892">U+090E <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 14080 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M623 608V539H476V282Q476 241 396 169L344 221Q398 274 398 296V539H178V196Q178 179 180 173Q182 164 226 139L446 12Q576 -63 576 -123Q576 -177 496 -186L466 -146Q485 -146 501 -133Q517 -120 519 -101Q519 -57 404 10L166 148Q125 172 113 193Q101 214 101 262V539H-2V608ZM80 896H107Q107 850 124.5 831Q142 812 187 812Q184 812 242 816L300 820Q371 825 428 776Q481 730 480 657L479 608H451Q451 677 423.5 708.5Q396 740 328 740Q322 740 277 736Q243 733 221 733Q161 733 120.5 770Q80 807 80 866Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऎ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+0912 ऒ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O" class="svelte-wim892">U+0912 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="946 -22528 19825 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M922 608V539H774V-14H756L698 54V539H557V-14H539L483 48V271Q440 256 406 256H377V226Q377 169 339.5 134Q302 99 244 99Q163 99 104 178Q55 244 42 332H67Q80 264 118 219Q162 166 226 166Q263 166 291 193Q319 220 319 257Q319 295 283 320Q251 343 211 343Q186 343 161 333L108 398Q178 404 228 423Q306 452 306 504Q306 534 281 551Q260 566 229 566Q191 566 87 517L43 579Q110 608 176 608Q246 608 291 576Q342 540 342 472Q342 429 317 402Q298 381 253 362Q337 324 386 323Q429 322 456 346Q483 370 483 413V539H408L352 608ZM350 896H377Q377 850 394.5 831Q412 812 457 812Q454 812 512 816L570 820Q641 825 698 776Q751 730 750 657L749 608H721Q721 677 693.5 708.5Q666 740 598 740Q592 740 547 736Q513 733 491 733Q431 733 390.5 770Q350 807 350 866Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ऒ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+0946 ◌ॆ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E" class="svelte-wim892">U+0946 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-1554 -22528 13697 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-649 783H-622Q-622 737 -604.5 718Q-587 699 -542 699Q-545 699 -487 703L-429 707Q-358 712 -301 663Q-248 617 -249 544L-250 495H-278Q-278 564 -305.5 595.5Q-333 627 -401 627Q-407 627 -452 623Q-486 620 -508 620Q-568 620 -608.5 657Q-649 694 -649 753Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ॆ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+094A ◌ॊ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O" class="svelte-wim892">U+094A <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 17775 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M332 561V492H184V-64H165L106 4V492H-2V561H144Q144 683 21 683Q16 683 -30 679Q-64 676 -86 676Q-146 676 -186.5 713Q-227 750 -227 809V839H-201Q-201 794 -182.5 774.5Q-164 755 -120 755Q-124 755 -66 759L-8 763Q78 769 129 711Q174 660 172 600L171 561Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ॊ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+0973 ॳ DEVANAGARI LETTER OE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0973 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="946 -22528 14959 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M706 608V539H557V-17H537L480 50V270Q445 256 374 256Q374 247 377 229Q377 171 339.5 136Q302 101 243 101Q160 101 103 178Q53 244 42 333H67Q79 269 117 223Q161 169 221 169Q261 169 289.5 193.5Q318 218 318 257Q318 296 287 320Q256 344 216 344Q199 344 160 336L106 400Q174 405 226 425Q304 454 304 506Q304 534 281 550Q258 566 229 566Q174 566 86 517L42 580Q109 608 176 608Q245 608 291 574Q344 536 344 470Q345 399 252 363Q331 326 386 326Q438 326 459 346.5Q480 367 480 419V539H406L352 608ZM482 588V762H557V596H538Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॳ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER OE</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+0974 ॴ DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0974 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="946 -22528 19847 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M923 608V539H774V-18H756L698 50V539H558V-18H536L483 48V271Q440 256 406 256H377V226Q377 169 339.5 134Q302 99 244 99Q163 99 104 178Q55 244 42 332H67Q80 264 118 219Q162 166 226 166Q263 166 291 193Q319 220 319 257Q319 295 283 320Q251 343 211 343Q186 343 161 333L108 398Q178 404 228 423Q306 452 306 504Q306 534 281 551Q260 566 229 566Q191 566 87 517L43 579Q110 608 176 608Q246 608 291 576Q342 540 342 472Q342 429 317 402Q298 381 253 362Q337 324 386 323Q429 322 456 346Q483 370 483 413V539H408L353 608ZM699 588V762H774V596H755Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॴ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+0975 ॵ DEVANAGARI LETTER AW" class="svelte-wim892">U+0975 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="946 -22528 19847 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M923 608V539H774V-18H756L698 50V539H558V-18H536L483 48V271Q440 256 406 256H377V226Q377 169 339.5 134Q302 99 244 99Q163 99 104 178Q55 244 42 332H67Q80 264 118 219Q162 166 226 166Q263 166 291 193Q319 220 319 257Q319 295 283 320Q251 343 211 343Q186 343 161 333L108 398Q178 404 228 423Q306 452 306 504Q306 534 281 551Q260 566 229 566Q191 566 87 517L43 579Q110 608 176 608Q246 608 291 576Q342 540 342 472Q342 429 317 402Q298 381 253 362Q337 324 386 323Q429 322 456 346Q483 370 483 413V539H408L353 608ZM567 1035 592 1022Q570 981 576.5 956Q583 931 623 911Q621 912 674 889L727 866Q793 838 821 768Q847 703 812 639L789 595L763 608Q795 669 785 710Q775 751 715 782Q710 784 669 802Q636 815 617 825Q564 852 545 903.5Q526 955 554 1008ZM309 798 336 804Q346 759 367.5 744.5Q389 730 432 740Q429 739 485 756L541 773Q609 793 675 758Q737 725 752 654L762 606L735 600Q720 667 686 691.5Q652 716 586 701Q580 700 537 686Q505 675 483 670Q425 657 377 684Q329 711 316 769Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ॵ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER AW</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+093A ◌ऺ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE" class="svelte-wim892">U+093A <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-299 535V701H-224V535Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ऺ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+093B ◌ऻ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE" class="svelte-wim892">U+093B <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 17842 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M335 541V472H187V-84H168L110 -16V472H0V541ZM112 527V701H187V535H168Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ऻ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE</span></span></td></tr><tr><td><span title="U+094F ◌ॏ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW" class="svelte-wim892">U+094F <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 17775 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-281 751 -254 757Q-244 712 -222.5 697.5Q-201 683 -158 693Q-161 692 -105 709L-49 726Q19 746 85 711Q147 678 162 607L171 561H173Q205 622 195 663Q185 704 125 735Q120 737 79 755Q46 768 27 778Q-26 805 -45 856.5Q-64 908 -36 961L-23 988L2 975Q-20 934 -13.5 909Q-7 884 33 864Q31 865 84 842L137 819Q203 791 231 721Q257 656 222 592L206 561H332V492H184V-64H165L106 4V492H-2V561H143Q128 621 96 644Q62 669 -4 654Q-10 653 -53 639Q-85 628 -107 623Q-165 610 -213 637Q-261 664 -274 722Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ॏ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW</span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G721161" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G721161" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Letter Short a.</span></span> The character <span title="U+0904 ऄ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A" class="svelte-wim892">U+0904 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A</span></span> is used to denote a short <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l79up">e</i> in the Awadi language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and southern Nepal. A publisher in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh also uses it in Hindi translations and Devanagari transliterations of the Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kashmiri languages.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G672495" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672495" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Prishthamatra Orthography.</span></span> In the historic Prishthamatra orthography, the vowel signs for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l79up">e</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ep1zdm">ai</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l37gb">o</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eigy1a">au</i> are represented using <span title="U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E" class="svelte-wim892">U+094E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E</span></span> (which goes on the left side of the consonant) alone or in combination with one of <span title="U+0947 ◌े DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">U+0947 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E</span></span>, <span title="U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">U+093E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA</span></span> or <span title="U+094B ◌ो DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892">U+094B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O</span></span>. <a href="#G668898" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-10</a> shows those combinations applied to <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i>. In the underlying representation of text, U+094E should be first in the sequence of dependent vowel signs after the consonant, and may be followed by U+0947, U+093E or U+094B.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G668898" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G668898" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-10.</span> Prishthamatra Orthography</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-12nxbxm"><th></th> <th>Prishthamatra Orthography</th> <th>Modern Orthography</th></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-hwrv6m">ke</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 906 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M159,493L180,433L110,433L110,1L47,59L47,433L47,433L47,493L159,493ZM601,260L527,206L527,0L469,51L469,166L389,122L372,118L355,117Q282,122 245,183Q223,219 223,256Q223,298 251,325Q278,349 321,354L328,354L342,355Q389,358 433,319L469,269L469,433L168,433L149,493L796,493L860,433L529,433L529,275L585,316L601,318L616,319Q645,321 692,293Q737,266 737,196Q737,175 728,151L680,24L626,69L671,169Q687,183 687,218Q687,252 663,261L647,267Q639,270 630,269Q613,269 601,260ZM386,179L466,236L418,284Q384,307 345,306L322,303Q272,289 272,234Q272,204 291.5,183.5Q311,163 341,164Q366,165 386,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कॎ</span></span></span> <0915, 094E></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+0947 ◌े DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 841 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M184,719Q204,729 224,729Q244,729 264,720L273,716L287,706L455,490L422,490L303,643Q290,660 276,658L251,658L184,719ZM537,260L463,206L463,0L405,51L405,166L325,122L308,118L291,117Q218,122 181,183Q159,219 159,256Q159,298 187,325Q214,349 257,354L264,354L278,355Q325,358 369,319L405,269L405,433L104,433L45,493L732,493L796,433L465,433L465,275L521,316L537,318L552,319Q581,321 628,293Q671,267 673,196Q673,176 664,151L616,24L562,69L607,169Q623,183 623,218Q623,252 599,261L583,267Q575,270 566,269Q549,269 537,260ZM322,179L402,236L354,284Q320,307 281,306L258,303Q208,289 208,234Q208,204 227.5,183.5Q247,163 277,164Q302,165 322,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">के</span></span></span> <0915, 0947></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1dbh5ub">kai</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E U+0947 ◌े DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 903 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M244,719Q264,729 284,729Q304,729 324,720L333,716L347,706L515,490L482,490L363,643Q350,660 336,658L311,658L244,719ZM157,493L178,433L108,433L108,1L45,59L45,433L45,433L45,493L157,493ZM599,260L525,206L525,0L467,51L467,166L387,122L370,118L353,117Q280,122 243,183Q221,219 221,256Q221,298 249,325Q276,349 319,354L326,354L340,355Q387,358 431,319L467,269L467,433L166,433L147,493L794,493L858,433L527,433L527,275L583,316L599,318L614,319Q643,321 690,293Q735,266 735,196Q735,175 726,151L678,24L624,69L669,169Q685,183 685,218Q685,252 661,261L645,267Q637,270 628,269Q611,269 599,260ZM384,179L464,236L416,284Q382,307 343,306L320,303Q270,289 270,234Q270,204 289.5,183.5Q309,163 339,164Q364,165 384,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कॎे</span></span></span> <0915, 094E, 0947></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+0948 ◌ै DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 841 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M313,585Q307,595 290,606Q273,617 263,616L238,616L184,651Q206,662 224,661Q244,660 264,652L286,637L430,504L308,721L293,736Q282,741 270,739L242,771Q256,777 269,777Q312,777 326,741L462,493L407,493L313,585ZM537,260L463,206L463,0L405,51L405,166L325,122L308,118L291,117Q218,122 181,183Q159,219 159,256Q159,298 187,325Q214,349 257,354L264,354L278,355Q325,358 369,319L405,269L405,433L104,433L45,493L732,493L796,433L465,433L465,275L521,316L537,318L552,319Q581,321 628,293Q671,267 673,196Q673,176 664,151L616,24L562,69L607,169Q623,183 623,218Q623,252 599,261L583,267Q575,270 566,269Q549,269 537,260ZM322,179L402,236L354,284Q320,307 281,306L258,303Q208,289 208,234Q208,204 227.5,183.5Q247,163 277,164Q302,165 322,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कै</span></span></span> <0915, 0948></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-l04eyk">ko</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E U+093E ◌ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1081 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M975,493L1036,433L926,433L926,1L863,59L863,433L790,433L729,493L975,493ZM157,493L178,433L108,433L108,1L45,59L45,433L45,433L45,493L157,493ZM599,260L525,206L525,0L467,51L467,166L387,122L370,118L353,117Q280,122 243,183Q221,219 221,256Q221,298 249,325Q276,349 319,354L326,354L340,355Q387,358 431,319L467,269L467,433L166,433L147,493L794,493L858,433L527,433L527,275L583,316L599,318L614,319Q643,321 690,293Q735,266 735,196Q735,175 726,151L678,24L624,69L669,169Q685,183 685,218Q685,252 661,261L645,267Q637,270 628,269Q611,269 599,260ZM384,179L464,236L416,284Q382,307 343,306L320,303Q270,289 270,234Q270,204 289.5,183.5Q309,163 339,164Q364,165 384,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कॎा</span></span></span> <0915, 094E, 093E></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094B ◌ो DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1027 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M798,433L729,433L668,493L818,493L692,656Q665,668 655,668L630,667L604,665L548,715Q577,724 599,724Q655,724 699,688L846,493L922,493L982,433L861,433L861,0L798,57L798,433ZM537,260L463,206L463,0L405,51L405,166L325,122L308,118L291,117Q218,122 181,183Q159,219 159,256Q159,298 187,325Q214,349 257,354L264,354L278,355Q325,358 369,319L405,269L405,433L104,433L45,493L732,493L796,433L465,433L465,275L521,316L537,318L552,319Q581,321 628,293Q671,267 673,196Q673,176 664,151L616,24L562,69L607,169Q623,183 623,218Q623,252 599,261L583,267Q575,270 566,269Q549,269 537,260ZM322,179L402,236L354,284Q320,307 281,306L258,303Q208,289 208,234Q208,204 227.5,183.5Q247,163 277,164Q302,165 322,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">को</span></span></span> <0915, 094B></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-cmp0pb">kau</td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094E ◌ॎ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E U+094B ◌ो DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1097 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M868,433L799,433L738,493L888,493L762,656Q735,668 725,668L700,667L674,665L618,715Q647,724 669,724Q725,724 769,688L916,493L992,493L1052,433L931,433L931,0L868,57L868,433ZM157,493L178,433L108,433L108,1L45,59L45,433L45,433L45,493L157,493ZM599,260L525,206L525,0L467,51L467,166L387,122L370,118L353,117Q280,122 243,183Q221,219 221,256Q221,298 249,325Q276,349 319,354L326,354L340,355Q387,358 431,319L467,269L467,433L166,433L147,493L794,493L858,433L527,433L527,275L583,316L599,318L614,319Q643,321 690,293Q735,266 735,196Q735,175 726,151L678,24L624,69L669,169Q685,183 685,218Q685,252 661,261L645,267Q637,270 628,269Q611,269 599,260ZM384,179L464,236L416,284Q382,307 343,306L320,303Q270,289 270,234Q270,204 289.5,183.5Q309,163 339,164Q364,165 384,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कॎो</span></span></span> <0915, 094E, 094B></td> <td><span title="U+0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA U+094C ◌ौ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1011 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M966,433L843,433L843,0L783,57L783,433L707,433L648,493L804,493L650,608L625,615Q605,621 593,618Q579,617 557,613L527,656Q547,663 566,663Q587,663 612,652L630,642L837,484L724,680L691,703Q674,715 638,715L620,768Q639,774 648,773L663,772L688,762Q710,753 721,732L848,493L907,493L966,433ZM537,260L463,206L463,0L405,51L405,166L325,122L308,118L291,117Q218,122 181,183Q159,219 159,256Q159,298 187,325Q214,349 257,354L264,354L278,355Q325,358 369,319L405,269L405,433L104,433L45,493L732,493L796,433L465,433L465,275L521,316L537,318L552,319Q581,321 628,293Q671,267 673,196Q673,176 664,151L616,24L562,69L607,169Q623,183 623,218Q623,252 599,261L583,267Q575,270 566,269Q549,269 537,260ZM322,179L402,236L354,284Q320,307 281,306L258,303Q208,289 208,234Q208,204 227.5,183.5Q247,163 277,164Q302,165 322,179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">कौ</span></span></span> <0915, 094C></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G667447" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667447" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.6 Devanagari Extended: U+A8E0–U+A8FF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1r1o2tg">This block of characters is used chiefly for Vedic Sanskrit, although many of the characters are generic and can be used by other Indic scripts. The block includes a set of combining digits, letters, and <i>avagraha</i> which is used as a system of cantillation marks in the early Vedic Sanskrit texts. The Devanagari Extended block also includes nasalization marks (<i>candrabindu</i>), and a number of editorial marks.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-4tal5q">The Devanagari Extended block, as well as the Vedic Extensions block and the Devanagari block, include characters that are used to indicate tone in Vedic Sanskrit. Indian linguists describe tone as a feature of vowels, shared by the consonants in the same syllable, or as a feature of syllables. In Vedic, vowels are marked for tone, as are certain non-vocalic characters that are syllabified in Vedic recitation (<i>visarga</i> and <i>anusvāra</i>); the tone marks directly follow the vowel or other character that they modify. Vowels are categorized according to tone as either <i>udātta</i> (high-toned or “acute”), <i>anudātta</i> (low-toned or “non-acute”), <i>svarita</i> (“modulated” or dropping from high to low tone) or <i>ekaśruti</i> (monotone). Some of the symbols used for marking tone indicate different tones in different traditions. <i>Visarga</i> may be marked for all three tones. The tone marks also can indicate other modifications of vocal text, such as vibration, lengthening a vowel, or skipping a tone in a descending scale.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-m08ndd">Cantillation marks are used to indicate length, tone, and other features in the recited text of <i>Sāmaveda</i>, and in the Kauthuma and Rāṇāyanīya traditions of <i>Sāmagāna</i>. These marks are encoded as a series of combining digits, alphabetic characters, and <i>avagraha</i> in the range U+A8E0..U+A8F1.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G669947" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G669947" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Cantillation Marks for the Sāmaveda.</span></span> One of the four major Vedic texts is <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lytcxo">Sāmaveda</i>. The text is both recited (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-v1sw6i">Sāmaveda-Saṁhitā</i>) and sung (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-uhvp99">Sāmagāna</i>), and is marked differently for the purposes of each. Cantillation marks are used to indicate length, tone, and other features in the recited text of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lytcxo">Sāmaveda</i>, and in the Kauthuma and Rāṇāyanīya traditions of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-uhvp99">Sāmagāna</i>. These marks are encoded as a series of combining digits, alphabetic characters, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1lf2j0n">avagraha</i> in the range U+A8E0..U+A8F1. The marks are rendered directly over the base letter. They are represented in text immediately after the syllable they modify.</p> <p>In certain cases, two marks may occur over a letter: <span title="U+A8E3 ◌꣣ COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8E3 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE</span></span> may be followed by <span title="U+A8EC ◌꣬ COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8EC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER KA</span></span>, for example. Although no use of <span title="U+A8E8 ◌꣨ COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8E8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT</span></span> has been found in the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-uhvp99">Sāmagāna</i>, it is included to provide a complete set of 0–9 digits. The combining marks encoded for the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lytcxo">Sāmaveda</i> do not include characters that may appear as subscripts and superscripts in the Jaiminīya tradition of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-uhvp99">Sāmagāna</i>, which used interlinear annotation. Interlinear annotation may be rendered using Ruby and may be represented by means of markup or other higher-level protocols.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G667455" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667455" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Nasalization Marks.</span></span> The set of spacing marks in the range U+A8F2..U+A8F7 include the term <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f21a9">candrabindu</i> in their names and indicate nasalization. These marks are all aligned with the headline. Note that <span title="U+A8F2 ꣲ DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8F2 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU</span></span> is lower than the <span title="U+0901 ◌ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0901 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU</span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G667457" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667457" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Editorial Marks.</span></span> A set of editorial marks is encoded in the range U+A8F8..U+A8FB for use with Devanagari. <span title="U+A8F9 ꣹ DEVANAGARI GAP FILLER" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8F9 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI GAP FILLER</span></span> signifies an intentional gap that would ordinarily be filled with text. In contrast, <span title="U+A8FB ꣻ DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8FB <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE</span></span> indicates illegible gaps in the original text. The glyph for <span title="U+A8FB ꣻ DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE</span></span> should be designed so that it does not connect to the headstroke of the letters beside it, which will make it possible to indicate the number of illegible syllables in a given space. <span title="U+A8F8 ꣸ DEVANAGARI SIGN PUSHPIKA" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8F8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN PUSHPIKA</span></span> acts as a filler in text, and is commonly flanked by double dandas. <span title="U+A8FA ꣺ DEVANAGARI CARET" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8FA <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI CARET</span></span>, a zero-width spacing character, marks the insertion point of omitted text, and is placed at the insertion point between two orthographic syllables. It can also be used to indicate word division.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G744869" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G744869" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.7 Devanagari Extended-A: U+11B00–U+11B5F</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G744871" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G744871" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Bhale Mīṇḍu.</span></span> Characters in the range of U+11B00..U+11B4F represent auspicious signs used in benedictions of Jaina manuscripts and inscriptions in western and central India. They are functionally similar to, but distinct from <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yjoweo">siddham</i> signs such as <span title="U+A8FC ꣼ DEVANAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM" class="svelte-wim892">U+A8FC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM</span></span>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-apqp10">These auspicious signs are typically represented as sequences of up to three characters: a head-mark (U+11B00, U+11B01), followed by an initial or <i>bhale</i> (U+11B02..U+11B06), and a terminal or <i>mīṇḍu</i> (U+11B09, U+0966). The sequence is usually followed by a <i>double danda</i>.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G667459" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667459" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.1.8 Vedic Extensions: U+1CD0–U+1CFF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-3mysie">The Vedic Extensions block includes characters that are used in Vedic texts; they may be used with Devanagari, as well as many other Indic scripts. This block includes a set of characters designating tone, grouped by the various Vedic traditions in which they occur. Characters indicating tone marks directly follow the character they modify. Most of these marks indicate the tone of vowels, but three of them specifically indicate the tone of <i>visarga</i>.</p> <p>A number of marks for nasalization are also included in the block. <span title="U+1CD3 ᳓ VEDIC SIGN NIHSHVASA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CD3 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN NIHSHVASA</span></span> is a breaking mark which separates sections of Samavedic singing between which a pause is disallowed. The block also contains several Vedic signs for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1jpn8n5">ardhavisarga</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1k9r22j">jihvamuliya</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wf7hkv">upadhmaniya</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-r20nxa">atikrama</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G667462" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667462" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Tone Marks.</span></span> The Vedic tone marks are all combining marks. The tone marks are grouped together in the code charts based upon the tradition in which they appear: they are used in the four core texts of the Vedas (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-lytcxo">Sāmaveda</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-124puiz">Yajurveda</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-znaq2m">Rigveda</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-166a6fp">Atharvaveda</i>) and in the prose text on Vedic ritual (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ho1mxx">Śatapathabrāhmaṇa</i>). The character <span title="U+1CD8 ◌᳘ VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CD8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW</span></span> is also used to identify the short vowels <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l79up">e</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l37gb">o</i>. In this usage, the prescribed order is the Indic syllable (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1frbd33">aksara</i>), followed by <span title="U+1CD8 ◌᳘ VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CD8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW</span></span> and the tone mark (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-jx2sxr">svara</i>). When a tone mark is placed below, it appears below the <span title="U+1CD8 ◌᳘ VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW</span></span>.</p> <p>In addition to the marks encoded in this block, Vedic texts may use other nonspacing marks from the General Diacritics block and other blocks. For example, <span title="U+20F0 ◌⃰ COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE" class="svelte-wim892">U+20F0 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE</span></span> would be used to represent a mark of that shape above a Vedic letter.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G685467" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G685467" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Diacritics for the Visarga.</span></span> A set of combining marks that serve as diacritics for the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1hkd7ib">visarga</i> is encoded in the range U+1CE2..U+1CE8. These marks indicate that the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1hkd7ib">visarga</i> has a particular tone. For example, the combination <span title="U+0903 ◌ः DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0903 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA</span></span> plus <span title="U+1CE2 ◌᳢ VEDIC SIGN VISARGA SVARITA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CE2 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN VISARGA SVARITA</span></span> represents a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gznknh">svarita visarga</i>. The upward-shaped diacritic is used for the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-36ggil">udātta</i> (high-toned), the downward-shaped diacritic for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-d852k">anudātta</i> (low-toned), and the midline glyph indicates the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-4dustc">svarita</i> (modulated tone).</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-fqofk4">In Vedic manuscripts the tonal mark (that is, the horizontal bar, upward curve and downward curve) appears in colored ink, while the two dots of the <i>visarga</i> appear in black ink. The characters for accents can be represented using separate characters, to make it easier for color information to be maintained by means of markup or other higher-level protocols.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G667466" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667466" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Nasalization Marks.</span></span> A set of spacing marks and one combining mark, <span title="U+1CED ◌᳭ VEDIC SIGN TIRYAK" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CED <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN TIRYAK</span></span>, are encoded in the range U+1CE9..U+1CF1. They describe phonetic distinctions in the articulation of nasals. The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-i2uepo">gomukha</i> characters from U+1CE9..U+1CEC may be combined with <span title="U+0902 ◌ं DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0902 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA</span></span> or <span title="U+0901 ◌ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0901 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU</span></span>. <span title="U+1CF1 ᳱ VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA UBHAYATO MUKHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF1 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA UBHAYATO MUKHA</span></span> may indicate a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1hkd7ib">visarga</i> with a tonal mark as well as a nasal. The three characters, <span title="U+1CEE ᳮ VEDIC SIGN HEXIFORM LONG ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CEE <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN HEXIFORM LONG ANUSVARA</span></span>, <span title="U+1CEF ᳯ VEDIC SIGN LONG ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CEF <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN LONG ANUSVARA</span></span>, and <span title="U+1CF0 ᳰ VEDIC SIGN RTHANG LONG ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF0 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN RTHANG LONG ANUSVARA</span></span>, are all synonymous and indicate a long <i data-svelte-h="svelte-16i58cx">anusvāra</i> after a short vowel. <span title="U+1CED ◌᳭ VEDIC SIGN TIRYAK" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CED <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN TIRYAK</span></span> is the only combining character in this set of nasalization marks. While it appears similar to the <span title="U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+094D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, it is used to render glyph variants of nasal marks that occur in manuscripts and printed texts.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G667468" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667468" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ardhavisarga.</span></span> <span title="U+1CF2 ᳲ VEDIC SIGN ARDHAVISARGA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF2 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN ARDHAVISARGA</span></span> is a character that marks either the<i data-svelte-h="svelte-sl29df">jihvāmūlīya</i>, a velar fricative occurring only before the unvoiced velar stops <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-csr5l0">kha</i>, or the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1n0d7oh">upadhmānīya</i>, a bilabial fricative occurring only before the unvoiced labial stops <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etou1x">pa</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cs7fp1">pha</i>. <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1jp1g4h">Ardhavisarga</i> is a spacing character. It is represented in text in visual order before the consonant it modifies.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G664195" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664195" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.2 Bengali (Bangla)</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11121" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11121" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.2.1 Bengali: U+0980–U+09FF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1eriw8j">The term <i>Bengali</i> is used in the Unicode Standard for the script and character names. However, users of the script in the Indian state of West Bengal and the People’s Republic of Bangladesh prefer <i>Bangla</i>, so the term Bangla is used in this section and elsewhere in this chapter. The Bangla script is used for writing languages such as Bangla, Assamese, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Daphla, Garo, Hallam, Khasi, Mizo, Munda, Naga, Rian, and Santali. Although the Assamese language has been written historically using regional scripts, known generally as “Kamrupi,” its modern writing system is similar to that presently used for Bangla, with the addition of extra characters. The Bangla block supports the modern Assamese orthography. In the Indian state of Assam, the script is called <i>Asamiya</i> or <i>Assamese</i>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ls3aay">The Bangla script is a North Indian script historically related to Devanagari.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G56305" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G56305" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Virama (Hasant).</span></span> The Bangla script uses the Unicode virama model to form conjunct consonants. In Bangla, the virama is known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72045" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72045" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters of Indic scripts are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G683217" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-11</a> shows the Bangla vowel letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G683217" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G683217" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-11.</span> Bangla Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0986 আ BENGALI LETTER AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1081 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1036,593L952,593L952,94L877,117L877,427Q877,593 756,593L705,593L705,94L686,94Q666,124 626,184Q579,253 555,253Q503,142 421,142Q369,142 330,158Q250,190 191,301Q137,404 137,497L148,504Q173,433 221,368Q273,299 334,264Q370,243 400,243Q438,243 463.5,267.5Q489,292 489,330Q489,358 472,389Q452,426 427,426Q427,426 401,402Q375,379 350,379Q311,379 285.5,406Q260,433 260,472Q260,507 294,529Q323,548 360,548Q417,548 467,495Q498,462 537,392Q582,312 590,307L630,281L630,593L108,593L65,659L750,659Q789,659 815,639Q832,627 862,588Q874,573 877,564L877,720L891,720Q905,678 926,667Q941,659 992,659L1036,593Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">আ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1augw23">0986</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1jqqhhh"><0985, 09BE></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+09E0 ৠ BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 807 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M860,575L752,575L752,76L741,76L679,122L679,180Q679,235 591,301L591,76L577,76Q557,119 484,168L296,70L296,62L455,-4L455,-67L215,51L215,125L393,212Q348,225 310,225Q245,225 224,223L181,381Q190,380 201,380Q270,380 350,414Q427,446 481,495L435,526Q348,451 258,451Q211,451 177,484Q143,517 143,564Q143,607 169.5,642Q196,677 238,677Q313,677 313,594Q313,564 275,548Q257,540 212,532Q257,500 276,500Q328,500 360,541Q374,559 405,629Q461,586 517,531L517,641L591,641L591,399Q616,384 679,310L679,641L829,641L860,575ZM517,239L517,399L320,319L330,300Q390,283 427,272Q496,251 517,239Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৠ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ikb70w">09E0</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-u880bv"><098B, 09C3></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+09E1 ৡ BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 589 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M571,-24Q571,-97 504,-116Q485,-122 471,-122Q441,-122 441,-105Q479,-65 479,-44Q479,-14 447,-14Q427,-14 427,-22Q440,-37 440,-53Q440,-69 428,-82Q416,-95 401,-95Q381,-95 367,-83Q353,-71 353,-52Q353,-39 360,-24Q381,20 431,20Q467,20 491.5,-1Q516,-22 516,-58Q516,-68 513,-77Q541,-57 541,-30Q541,-12 521,7Q504,23 484,31Q457,37 406,50Q372,62 353,93Q304,96 304,126Q379,206 379,248Q379,309 317,309Q307,309 292,304.5Q277,300 277,292Q303,262 303,230Q303,199 278,172.5Q253,146 223,146Q184,146 157,169Q127,194 127,232Q127,259 142,289Q183,377 284,377Q357,377 405,335Q453,293 453,221Q453,200 449,183Q503,223 503,276Q503,313 464,351Q430,383 390,399Q365,409 313,419Q256,429 233,437Q191,451 154,489Q112,531 112,571Q112,613 145,661Q180,714 221,714Q230,714 243,697Q245,690 245,684Q245,669 234,669Q229,669 219.5,671.5Q210,674 205,674Q191,674 176,651.5Q161,629 161,614Q161,577 195,556Q214,545 263,531Q295,522 359,504Q387,504 472,462Q564,387 564,288Q564,225 544,195Q519,155 497,137Q471,116 430,104Q421,101 413,99L420,97Q436,93 469,84Q482,84 525,63Q571,25 571,-24Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৡ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1yjqxxv">09E1</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1u0gcs5"><098C, 09E2></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>There is an exception to this general pattern for the representation of Bangla independent vowel letters, for the Bangla script orthography of Kokborok, a major language of Tripura state in Northeast India. Kokborok has diphthongs which can occur as initial letters. To reflect existing practice, these diphthongs are represented with two character sequences, rather than as atomic characters, as shown in <a href="#G701076" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-12</a>. Rendering systems which support display of the Kokborok orthography need to be aware of these exceptional sequences. The sequence for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ejdn5b">vowel letter aw</i> uses <span title="U+09D7 ◌ৗ BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+09D7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18788 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M377 488H287V-10L187 21V381Q187 430 119 460Q69 484 9 488L-13 556Q30 556 95.5 522Q161 488 187 453V544Q187 583 110 619Q61 640 -34 682Q-111 719 -111 762Q-111 796 -82 817Q-56 837 -21 837Q18 837 18 822Q18 819 0 814Q-45 799 -45 769Q-45 744 28 709L162 644Q235 600 235 555H342Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ৗ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK</span></span>, also noted in the following discussion of two-part vowel signs.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G701076" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701076" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-12.</span> Diphthong Vowel Letters in Kokborok</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-1rrikep"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Description</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0985 অ BENGALI LETTER A U+09D7 ◌ৗ BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1231 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M734,593L705,593L705,94L686,94Q666,124 626,184Q579,253 555,253Q503,142 421,142Q369,142 330,158Q250,190 191,301Q137,404 137,497L148,504Q173,433 221,368Q273,299 334,264Q370,243 400,243Q438,243 463.5,267.5Q489,292 489,330Q489,358 472,389Q452,426 427,426Q427,426 401,402.5Q375,379 350,379Q311,379 285.5,406Q260,433 260,472Q260,507 294,529Q323,548 360,548Q417,548 467,495Q498,462 537,392Q582,312 590,307L630,281L630,593L108,593L65,659L734,659L734,593ZM1176,593L1086,593L1086,95L986,126L986,486Q986,535 918,565Q868,589 734,593L734,659Q829,661 894.5,627Q960,593 986,558L986,649Q986,688 909,724Q860,745 765,787Q688,824 688,867Q688,901 717,922Q743,942 778,942Q817,942 817,927Q817,924 799,919Q754,904 754,874Q754,849 827,814L961,749Q1034,705 1034,660L1141,660L1176,593Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">অৗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19iv90x"><0985, 09D7></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-qfw3ss"><i>vowel letter aw</i></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0989 উ BENGALI LETTER U U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 737 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M713,581L466,581L466,413Q500,400 503,400Q550,400 588,465Q588,466 592,482Q595,495 598,495Q610,495 633,470Q696,400 696,296Q696,203 633,143Q570,83 476,83Q365,83 257,212Q169,318 126,448L173,473Q183,376 284,281.5Q385,187 482,187Q541,187 579.5,222.5Q618,258 618,317Q618,345 608,362Q591,343 545,324Q503,307 472,303L385,376L385,581L106,581L85,648L598,648Q598,676 596,682Q592,696 571.5,707.5Q551,719 532,719Q509,719 463.5,705Q418,691 394,691Q280,691 243,750Q231,769 231,779Q231,832 261,832Q265,832 275,814Q286,793 289,790Q303,775 329,775Q357,775 412.5,790.5Q468,806 497,806Q568,806 635,764Q713,717 713,650L713,581ZM1095,581L982,581L982,66L883,97L883,360Q883,581 713,581L713,650Q764,654 800,635Q822,627 863,574Q878,555 883,543L883,751L901,751Q919,694 948,680Q968,670 1035,670L1095,581Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">উা</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-kb8mzt"><0989, 09BE></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1py3gtm"><i>vowel letter ua</i></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G700830" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G700830" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Two-Part Vowel Signs.</span></span> The Bangla script, along with a number of other Indic scripts, makes use of two-part dependent vowel signs. In these dependent vowels (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-az6gmg">matras</i>) one-half of the vowel is displayed on each side of a consonant letter or cluster—for example, <span title="U+09CB ◌ো BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CB <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-6285 -22528 27822 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M376 549H263V-116L164 -85V328Q164 549 -6 549V638Q45 638 81 611Q103 595 144 542Q159 523 164 511V719H182Q200 662 229 648Q249 638 316 638ZM-289 554H-372Q-697 554 -697 204Q-697 158 -676 105Q-655 52 -623 18Q-591 99 -525 99Q-483 99 -461 72.5Q-439 46 -439 3Q-439 -45 -466 -78Q-493 -111 -540 -111Q-678 -111 -741 52Q-772 134 -772 205Q-772 432 -626 554H-824L-859 643H-322Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ো</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O</span></span> and <span title="U+09CC ◌ৌ BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CC <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-6285 -22528 27844 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M377 488H287V-10L187 21V381Q187 430 119 460Q69 484 9 488L-13 556Q30 556 95.5 522Q161 488 187 453V544Q187 583 110 619Q61 640 -34 682Q-111 719 -111 762Q-111 796 -82 817Q-56 837 -21 837Q18 837 18 822Q18 819 0 814Q-45 799 -45 769Q-45 744 28 709L162 644Q235 600 235 555H342ZM-289 554H-372Q-697 554 -697 204Q-697 158 -676 105Q-655 52 -623 18Q-591 99 -525 99Q-483 99 -461 72.5Q-439 46 -439 3Q-439 -45 -466 -78Q-493 -111 -540 -111Q-678 -111 -741 52Q-772 134 -772 205Q-772 432 -626 554H-824L-859 643H-322Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ৌ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU</span></span>. To provide compatibility with existing implementations of the scripts that use two-part vowel signs, the Unicode Standard explicitly encodes the right half of these vowel signs. For example, <span title="U+09D7 ◌ৗ BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+09D7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18788 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M377 488H287V-10L187 21V381Q187 430 119 460Q69 484 9 488L-13 556Q30 556 95.5 522Q161 488 187 453V544Q187 583 110 619Q61 640 -34 682Q-111 719 -111 762Q-111 796 -82 817Q-56 837 -21 837Q18 837 18 822Q18 819 0 814Q-45 799 -45 769Q-45 744 28 709L162 644Q235 600 235 555H342Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ৗ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK</span></span> represents the right-half glyph component of <span title="U+09CC ◌ৌ BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CC <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-6285 -22528 27844 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M377 488H287V-10L187 21V381Q187 430 119 460Q69 484 9 488L-13 556Q30 556 95.5 522Q161 488 187 453V544Q187 583 110 619Q61 640 -34 682Q-111 719 -111 762Q-111 796 -82 817Q-56 837 -21 837Q18 837 18 822Q18 819 0 814Q-45 799 -45 769Q-45 744 28 709L162 644Q235 600 235 555H342ZM-289 554H-372Q-697 554 -697 204Q-697 158 -676 105Q-655 52 -623 18Q-591 99 -525 99Q-483 99 -461 72.5Q-439 46 -439 3Q-439 -45 -466 -78Q-493 -111 -540 -111Q-678 -111 -741 52Q-772 134 -772 205Q-772 432 -626 554H-824L-859 643H-322Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ৌ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU</span></span>. In Bangla orthography, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-t5xz7d">au length mark</i> is always used in conjunction with the left part and does not have a meaning on its own.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G10131" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10131" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Special Characters.</span></span> U+09F2..U+09F9 are a series of Bangla additions for writing currency and fractions.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G669114" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G669114" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Historic Characters.</span></span> The characters <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1tbwzbp">vocalic rr</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-19d7n6b">vocalic l</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1b3m5g5">vocalic ll</i>, both in their independent and dependent forms (U+098C, U+09C4, U+09E0..U+09E3), are only used to write Sanskrit words in the Bangla script.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G687053" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G687053" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Characters for Assamese.</span></span> Assamese employs two letters not used for the Bangla language. The Assamese letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> is represented in Unicode by <span title="U+09F0 ৰ BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL" class="svelte-wim892">U+09F0 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 13540 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M662 593H567V94H546Q505 154 422 204Q343 251 267 265Q247 268 209 268H205L122 441L492 564V593H87L61 659H628ZM492 483 376 439Q390 434 401 429Q433 414 492 376ZM492 236V315Q470 333 443 349Q382 386 298 410L217 379Q220 372 227 356Q312 335 366 310Q411 289 492 236Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৰ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL</span></span>, and the Assamese letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etpif4">wa</i> is represented by <span title="U+09F1 ৱ BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL" class="svelte-wim892">U+09F1 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 13540 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M662 593H567V94H546Q505 154 422 204Q343 251 267 265Q247 268 209 268H205L122 441L492 564V593H87L61 659H628ZM516 -76Q475 -16 392 34Q313 81 237 95Q232 96 218 131Q207 158 197 186Q282 165 336 140Q381 119 462 66ZM492 236V483L217 379Q220 372 227 356Q312 335 366 310Q411 289 492 236Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৱ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL</span></span>.</p> <p>Assamese uses a conjunct character called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1op4qoa">kssa.</i> Although <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1bu7ut6">kssa</i> is often considered a separate letter of the alphabet, it is not separately encoded. The conjunct is represented by the sequence <<span title="U+0995 ক BENGALI LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0995 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 15071 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M730 593H485V563Q674 476 674 362Q674 322 652 293Q629 261 590 261Q526 261 526 321Q526 343 538.5 358Q551 373 573 373Q604 373 619 349Q632 354 632 372Q632 414 580.5 451Q529 488 485 488V94H460Q386 215 252 268Q195 290 159 295L120 424L411 557V593H96L61 659H695ZM411 246V473L201 370L207 351Q329 312 411 246Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ক</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KA</span></span>, <span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-55 -165 -75 -187Q-142 -124 -162 -109Q-226 -57 -260 -57Q-302 -57 -319 -61Q-365 -7 -365 11Q-365 20 -322 20Q-283 20 -256 10Q-188 -17 -55 -165Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌্</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+09B7 ষ BENGALI LETTER SSA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09B7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1487 -22528 12999 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M643 593H587V94H573Q527 136 414 163Q318 187 239 187Q221 187 197 182L128 303L248 422Q191 465 116 486V593H89L66 659H620ZM513 342V593H153Q396 460 513 342ZM513 181V282Q510 284 420 338Q346 382 336 383L238 284Q342 271 513 181Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ষ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER SSA</span></span>>. This same sequence is also used to represent the Bangla letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-prt2fi">khinya</i> (or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-g2pike">khiya</i>).</p> <p>Assamese uses two additional consonant-vowel ligatures formed with <span title="U+09F0 ৰ BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL" class="svelte-wim892">U+09F0 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 13540 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M662 593H567V94H546Q505 154 422 204Q343 251 267 265Q247 268 209 268H205L122 441L492 564V593H87L61 659H628ZM492 483 376 439Q390 434 401 429Q433 414 492 376ZM492 236V315Q470 333 443 349Q382 386 298 410L217 379Q220 372 227 356Q312 335 366 310Q411 289 492 236Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৰ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL</span></span>, which are not used for the Bangla language. These consonant-vowel ligatures are shown in the “ligated” column in <a href="#G694995" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-13</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G694995" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G694995" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-13.</span> Assamese Consonant-Vowel Combinations</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig12-N-AssameseTable.svg" alt="" style="width: 18.38em;"></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G59577" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G59577" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Behavior.</span></span> Like other Brahmic scripts in the Unicode Standard, Bangla uses the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i> to form conjunct characters. For example, <<span title="U+09B8 স BENGALI LETTER SA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09B8 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1780 -22528 14237 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M711 593H633V94L559 132V291Q559 324 534 346.5Q509 369 476 369Q451 369 419 328Q400 303 361 253Q327 213 290 213Q264 213 237 237Q227 245 197 281Q158 328 151 346L166 362Q201 335 220 335Q256 335 288.5 360.5Q321 386 321 421Q321 451 289 478.5Q257 506 227 506Q183 506 154 484L143 490Q153 541 224 593H100L79 659H685ZM559 397V593H269Q310 583 343 532Q362 503 385 443Q419 479 444 479Q505 479 559 397Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">স</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER SA</span></span>, <span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-55 -165 -75 -187Q-142 -124 -162 -109Q-226 -57 -260 -57Q-302 -57 -319 -61Q-365 -7 -365 11Q-365 20 -322 20Q-283 20 -256 10Q-188 -17 -55 -165Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌্</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+0995 ক BENGALI LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0995 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 15071 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M730 593H485V563Q674 476 674 362Q674 322 652 293Q629 261 590 261Q526 261 526 321Q526 343 538.5 358Q551 373 573 373Q604 373 619 349Q632 354 632 372Q632 414 580.5 451Q529 488 485 488V94H460Q386 215 252 268Q195 290 159 295L120 424L411 557V593H96L61 659H695ZM411 246V473L201 370L207 351Q329 312 411 246Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ক</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KA</span></span>> yields the conjunct <span title="U+09B8 স BENGALI LETTER SA U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+0995 ক BENGALI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 554 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M328,0Q313,55 265,92Q217,129 153,135L123,175Q152,217 206,243Q260,269 328,275L328,305Q285,313 252,338.5Q219,364 206,400Q190,357 160.5,331Q131,305 98,305Q69,305 45.5,326Q22,347 13,380L53,390Q58,370 70.5,357.5Q83,345 98,345Q126,345 150,379Q174,413 183,465L-10,465L-10,500L564,500L564,465L438,465Q448,457 453,442.5Q458,428 458,410Q458,371 432.5,341.5Q407,312 368,305L368,275Q432,269 475,236Q518,203 518,160Q518,125 499,100Q480,75 453,75Q432,75 417.5,88Q403,101 403,120Q403,139 417.5,152Q432,165 453,165Q462,165 468.5,163.5Q475,162 478,160Q478,191 446,213Q414,235 368,235L368,0L328,0L328,0ZM328,80L328,235Q279,231 240,214Q201,197 178,170Q234,155 273,131.5Q312,108 328,80L328,80ZM348,345Q377,345 397.5,364Q418,383 418,410Q418,433 406.5,449Q395,465 378,465L228,465Q233,411 268,376Q303,341 348,345L348,345Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">স্ক</span></span></span> SKA. For general principles regarding the rendering of the Bangla script, see the rules for rendering in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72339" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72339" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant-Vowel Ligatures.</span></span> Some Bangla consonant plus vowel combinations have two distinct visual presentations. The first visual presentation is a traditional ligated form, in which the vowel combines with the consonant in a novel way. In the second presentation, the vowel is joined to the consonant but retains its nominal form, and the combination is not considered a ligature. These consonant-vowel combinations are illustrated in <a href="#G79529" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-14</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G79529" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G79529" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-14.</span> Bangla Consonant-Vowel Combinations</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig09-06-BengaliTable6.svg" alt="" style="width: 19.88em;"></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-4gfowe">The ligature forms of these consonant-vowel combinations are traditional. They are used in handwriting and some printing. The “non-ligated” forms are more common; they are used in newspapers and are associated with modern typefaces. However, the traditional ligatures are preferred in some contexts.</p> <p>No semantic distinctions are made in Bangla text on the basis of the two different presentations of these consonant-vowel combinations. However, some users consider it important that implementations support both forms and that the distinction be representable in plain text. This may be accomplished by using <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> and <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> to influence ligature glyph selection. (See “Cursive Connection and Ligatures” in <a href="/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-23/#G12985" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 23.2, Layout Controls</a>.) Joiners are rarely needed in this situation. The rendered appearance will typically be the result of a font choice.</p> <p>A given font implementation can choose whether to treat the ligature forms of the consonant-vowel combinations as the defaults for rendering. If the non-ligated form is the default, then ZWJ can be inserted to request a ligature, as shown in <a href="#G72800" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-12</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G72800" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72800" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-12.</span> Requesting Bangla Consonant-Vowel Ligature</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig09-09-BengaliLigReq.svg" alt="" style="width: 13.20em;"></div> </figure> <p>If the ligated form is the default for a given font implementation, then ZWNJ can be inserted to block a ligature, as shown in <a href="#G72828" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-13</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G72828" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72828" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-13.</span> Blocking Bangla Consonant-Vowel Ligature</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Fig09-10-BengaliLigBlock.svg" alt="" style="width: 13.20em;"></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G684073" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G684073" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Khiya.</span></span> The letter <span title="U+0995 ক BENGALI LETTER KA U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09B7 ষ BENGALI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 623 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M384,0Q376,46 341,83.5Q306,121 254,140Q252,119 236,104.5Q220,90 199,90Q176,90 160,103Q144,116 144,135Q144,156 160,171Q176,186 199,186L219,185Q227,231 202,269Q177,307 134,315Q134,288 118,269Q102,250 79,250Q56,250 40,263Q24,276 24,295Q24,318 41,334.5Q58,351 82,351L94,350Q94,386 76.5,417Q59,448 29,465L-10,465L-10,500L633,500L633,465L424,465L424,335Q494,335 544,301.5Q594,268 594,220Q594,185 573.5,160Q553,135 524,135Q501,135 485,148Q469,161 469,180Q469,199 483.5,212Q498,225 519,225Q527,225 535,221Q543,217 549,210Q565,238 523.5,266.5Q482,295 424,295L424,0L384,0L384,0ZM384,90L384,295Q312,295 260.5,345Q209,395 209,465L84,465Q108,449 121,418.5Q134,388 134,350Q196,345 233,292.5Q270,240 259,175Q299,168 332,145.5Q365,123 384,90L384,90ZM384,335L384,465L249,465Q249,411 288.5,373Q328,335 384,335L384,335Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ক্ষ</span></span></span>, known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-g2pike">khiya</i> or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-prt2fi">khinya</i>, is often considered as a distinct letter of the Bangla alphabet. However, it is not encoded separately. It is represented by the sequence <<span title="U+0995 ক BENGALI LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0995 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1374 -22528 15071 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M730 593H485V563Q674 476 674 362Q674 322 652 293Q629 261 590 261Q526 261 526 321Q526 343 538.5 358Q551 373 573 373Q604 373 619 349Q632 354 632 372Q632 414 580.5 451Q529 488 485 488V94H460Q386 215 252 268Q195 290 159 295L120 424L411 557V593H96L61 659H695ZM411 246V473L201 370L207 351Q329 312 411 246Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ক</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KA</span></span>, <span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-55 -165 -75 -187Q-142 -124 -162 -109Q-226 -57 -260 -57Q-302 -57 -319 -61Q-365 -7 -365 11Q-365 20 -322 20Q-283 20 -256 10Q-188 -17 -55 -165Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌্</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+09B7 ষ BENGALI LETTER SSA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09B7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1487 -22528 12999 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M643 593H587V94H573Q527 136 414 163Q318 187 239 187Q221 187 197 182L128 303L248 422Q191 465 116 486V593H89L66 659H620ZM513 342V593H153Q396 460 513 342ZM513 181V282Q510 284 420 338Q346 382 336 383L238 284Q342 271 513 181Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ষ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER SSA</span></span>>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G33942" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G33942" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Khanda Ta.</span></span> In Bangla, a dead consonant <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i> makes use of a special form, <span title="U+09CE ৎ BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1352 -22528 8470 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M436 -10 380 25Q380 86 308 121Q256 146 153 195Q60 259 60 367Q60 436 107.5 488Q155 540 223 540Q274 540 311 510Q352 477 352 423Q352 372 324 338Q293 301 243 301Q202 301 168.5 330Q135 359 134 401Q119 379 119 355Q119 312 191 274Q283 225 344 194Q436 127 436 -10ZM294 403Q294 428 277 439Q254 452 213 452Q216 452 197 454Q184 455 184 452Q184 424 213 402Q239 382 269 382Q294 382 294 403Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৎ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA</span></span>. This form is used in all contexts except where it is immediately followed by one of the consonants: <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cs7bih">tha</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etiq5a">ma</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etwbii">ya</i>, or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1inye6q"><i>Khanda ta</i> cannot bear a vowel matra or combine with a following consonant to form a conjunct <i>aksara</i>. It can form a conjunct <i>aksara</i> only with a preceding dead consonant <i>ra</i>, with the latter being displayed with a <i>repha</i> glyph placed on the <i>khanda ta</i>.</p> <p>Versions of the Unicode Standard prior to Version 4.1 recommended that <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8l88c">khanda ta</i> be represented as the sequence <<span title="U+09A4 ত BENGALI LETTER TA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09A4 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1870 -22528 14373 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M721 593H100L83 659H689ZM674 286Q674 206 614.5 150Q555 94 474 94Q403 94 335 149Q279 194 236 266Q209 312 151 445Q137 477 121 521L154 550Q171 519 188 487Q236 393 260 353Q292 297 348 251Q412 199 467 199Q520 199 551.5 230Q583 261 583 313Q583 417 489 448Q480 370 403 370Q366 370 337.5 393.5Q309 417 309 453Q309 494 346 518Q377 539 421 539Q534 539 604 469Q674 399 674 286Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ত</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER TA</span></span>, <span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-55 -165 -75 -187Q-142 -124 -162 -109Q-226 -57 -260 -57Q-302 -57 -319 -61Q-365 -7 -365 11Q-365 20 -322 20Q-283 20 -256 10Q-188 -17 -55 -165Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌্</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM236 379 366 542H239V586H432V544L300 379H432V335H236ZM541 582 575 438 582 397 617 582H673L711 397L718 436L752 582H805L735 330H684L645 526L636 477L606 330H557L485 582ZM476 103V97Q476 44 507 44Q535 44 535 83V259H588V84Q588 1 509 1Q426 1 426 97V103Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span>> in all circumstances. <span title="U+09CE ৎ BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1352 -22528 8470 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M436 -10 380 25Q380 86 308 121Q256 146 153 195Q60 259 60 367Q60 436 107.5 488Q155 540 223 540Q274 540 311 510Q352 477 352 423Q352 372 324 338Q293 301 243 301Q202 301 168.5 330Q135 359 134 401Q119 379 119 355Q119 312 191 274Q283 225 344 194Q436 127 436 -10ZM294 403Q294 428 277 439Q254 452 213 452Q216 452 197 454Q184 455 184 452Q184 424 213 402Q239 382 269 382Q294 382 294 403Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৎ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA</span></span> should instead be used explicitly in newly generated text, but users are cautioned that instances of the older representation may exist.</p> <p>The Bangla syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1swrcrv">tta </i>illustrates the usage of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8l88c">khanda ta</i> when followed by <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>. The syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1swrcrv">tta </i>is normally represented with the sequence <U+09A4 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>, U+09CD <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i>, U+09A4 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>>. That sequence will normally be displayed using a single glyph <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1swrcrv">tta </i>ligature, as shown in the first example in <a href="#G673141" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-14</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G673141" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G673141" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-14.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-9itklm">Bangla Syllable <i>tta</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Bengali-Khanda-Ta.svg" alt="" style="width: 16.20em;"></div> </figure> <p>It is also possible for the sequence <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etm4l5">ta</i>> to be displayed with a full <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1isk34j">ta </i>glyph combined with a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1e5tcit">hasant </i>glyph, followed by another full <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1isk34j">ta </i>glyph <span title="U+09A4 ত BENGALI LETTER TA U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09A4 ত BENGALI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1281 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-2,568L-42,613L674,613L714,568L-2,568ZM39,518Q100,354 154,272Q248,130 366,130Q443,130 499,171Q561,216 561,290Q561,348 530,393Q495,445 440,445Q412,445 404,434Q434,406 434,365Q434,325 408.5,301Q383,277 342,277Q302,277 275.5,308Q249,339 249,380Q249,439 291,474.5Q333,510 393,510Q484,510 542,432Q595,360 595,266Q595,166 534.5,106Q474,46 374,46Q235,46 127,233Q67,334 0,539L39,518ZM535,-211L552,-293L353,-128L333,-46L535,-211Z" /><path transform="translate(636)" d="M-2,568L-42,613L674,613L714,568L-2,568ZM39,518Q100,354 154,272Q248,130 366,130Q443,130 499,171Q561,216 561,290Q561,348 530,393Q495,445 440,445Q412,445 404,434Q434,406 434,365Q434,325 408.5,301Q383,277 342,277Q302,277 275.5,308Q249,339 249,380Q249,439 291,474.5Q333,510 393,510Q484,510 542,432Q595,360 595,266Q595,166 534.5,106Q474,46 374,46Q235,46 127,233Q67,334 0,539L39,518Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ত্ত</span></span></span>. The choice of form actually displayed depends on the display engine, based on the availability of glyphs in the font.</p> <p>The Unicode Standard also provides an explicit way to show the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i> glyph. To do so, a <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> is inserted after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i>. That sequence is always displayed with the explicit <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i>, as shown in the second example in <a href="#G673141" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-14</a>.</p> <p>When the syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cuh60l">tta</i> is written with a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8l88c">khanda ta</i>, however, the character <span title="U+09CE ৎ BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1352 -22528 8470 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M436 -10 380 25Q380 86 308 121Q256 146 153 195Q60 259 60 367Q60 436 107.5 488Q155 540 223 540Q274 540 311 510Q352 477 352 423Q352 372 324 338Q293 301 243 301Q202 301 168.5 330Q135 359 134 401Q119 379 119 355Q119 312 191 274Q283 225 344 194Q436 127 436 -10ZM294 403Q294 428 277 439Q254 452 213 452Q216 452 197 454Q184 455 184 452Q184 424 213 402Q239 382 269 382Q294 382 294 403Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ৎ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA</span></span> is used and no <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i> is required, as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8l88c">khanda ta</i> is already a dead consonant. The rendering of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1w8l88c">khanda ta</i> is illustrated in the third example in <a href="#G673141" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-14</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G668945" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G668945" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ya-phalaa.</span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-149s4ws">Ya-phalaa</i> is a presentation form of <span title="U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09AF <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1397 -22528 12458 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M615 593H563V94H548Q512 123 478 145Q436 171 368 194Q300 217 250 217Q209 217 172 202L113 298L254 414Q254 433 181.5 463.5Q109 494 109 504V593H85L62 659H599ZM489 188V593H204V579Q392 435 392 410Q392 388 352 359Q303 322 296 313Q430 260 489 188Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">য</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER YA</span></span>. Represented by the sequence <<span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09CD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-55 -165 -75 -187Q-142 -124 -162 -109Q-226 -57 -260 -57Q-302 -57 -319 -61Q-365 -7 -365 11Q-365 20 -322 20Q-283 20 -256 10Q-188 -17 -55 -165Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌্</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09AF <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1397 -22528 12458 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M615 593H563V94H548Q512 123 478 145Q436 171 368 194Q300 217 250 217Q209 217 172 202L113 298L254 414Q254 433 181.5 463.5Q109 494 109 504V593H85L62 659H599ZM489 188V593H204V579Q392 435 392 410Q392 388 352 359Q303 322 296 313Q430 260 489 188Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">য</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI LETTER YA</span></span>>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1498zb0">ya-phalaa</i> has a special form <span title="U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 252 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">্য</span></span></span>. When combined with <span title="U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">U+09BE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18766 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M376 549H263V-116L164 -85V328Q164 549 -6 549V638Q45 638 81 611Q103 595 144 542Q159 523 164 511V719H182Q200 662 229 648Q249 638 316 638Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌া</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA</span></span>, it is used for transcribing [æ] as in the “a” in the English word “bat.” The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1498zb0">ya-phalaa</i> appears in <span title="U+09B0 র BENGALI LETTER RA U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA U+09B6 শ BENGALI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1722 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,0Q343,104 256,175.5Q169,247 56,267L30,319Q78,386 168.5,440Q259,494 381,527L381,605L-13,605L-13,650L563,650L563,605L433,605L433,0L381,0ZM381,104L381,475Q282,449 207.5,407Q133,365 88,312Q179,296 256,241.5Q333,187 381,104ZM153,13Q131,13 116,28Q101,43 101,65Q101,87 116,102Q131,117 153,117Q176,117 190.5,102Q205,87 205,65Q205,43 190.5,28Q176,13 153,13Z" /><path transform="translate(550)" d="M104,-13L72,26Q120,48 148,88.5Q176,129 176,176Q176,230 120.5,325Q65,420 65,475Q65,507 78.5,541Q92,575 117,605L-13,605L-13,650L303,650L303,605L176,605Q147,571 132,537Q117,503 117,475Q117,420 172.5,325Q228,230 228,176Q228,116 194,64.5Q160,13 104,-13Z" /><path transform="translate(840)" d="M121,0L121,436Q114,507 86.5,556Q59,605 23,605L-13,605L-13,650L23,650Q55,650 81,632.5Q107,615 121,585L121,728L173,728L173,650L303,650L303,605L173,605L173,0L121,0Z" /><path transform="translate(1130)" d="M423,0L423,468Q423,524 390.5,564.5Q358,605 312,605Q278,605 250,591Q222,577 208,553Q248,519 270.5,480Q293,441 293,403Q293,378 276,361.5Q259,345 234,345Q212,345 192,366.5Q172,388 163,423Q153,388 133,366.5Q113,345 91,345Q66,345 49.5,361.5Q33,378 33,403Q33,432 58,472Q83,512 130,559Q121,580 92.5,592.5Q64,605 26,605L-42,605L-42,650L26,650Q77,650 115,634.5Q153,619 169,592Q198,620 235,635Q272,650 312,650Q345,650 374,634.5Q403,619 423,592L423,728L475,728L475,650L605,650L605,605L475,605L475,0L423,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">র্যাশ</span></span></span> [ræʃ] “rash,” which provides a minimal pair with <span title="U+09B0 র BENGALI LETTER RA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA U+09B6 শ BENGALI LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,0Q343,104 256,175.5Q169,247 56,267L30,319Q78,386 168.5,440Q259,494 381,527L381,605L-13,605L-13,650L563,650L563,605L433,605L433,0L381,0ZM381,104L381,475Q282,449 207.5,407Q133,365 88,312Q179,296 256,241.5Q333,187 381,104ZM153,13Q131,13 116,28Q101,43 101,65Q101,87 116,102Q131,117 153,117Q176,117 190.5,102Q205,87 205,65Q205,43 190.5,28Q176,13 153,13Z" /><path transform="translate(550)" d="M121,0L121,436Q114,507 86.5,556Q59,605 23,605L-13,605L-13,650L23,650Q55,650 81,632.5Q107,615 121,585L121,728L173,728L173,650L303,650L303,605L173,605L173,0L121,0Z" /><path transform="translate(840)" d="M423,0L423,468Q423,524 390.5,564.5Q358,605 312,605Q278,605 250,591Q222,577 208,553Q248,519 270.5,480Q293,441 293,403Q293,378 276,361.5Q259,345 234,345Q212,345 192,366.5Q172,388 163,423Q153,388 133,366.5Q113,345 91,345Q66,345 49.5,361.5Q33,378 33,403Q33,432 58,472Q83,512 130,559Q121,580 92.5,592.5Q64,605 26,605L-42,605L-42,650L26,650Q77,650 115,634.5Q153,619 169,592Q198,620 235,635Q272,650 312,650Q345,650 374,634.5Q403,619 423,592L423,728L475,728L475,650L605,650L605,605L475,605L475,0L423,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">রাশ</span></span></span> [raʃ] “a whole lot.”</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-o1q4iu"><i>Ya-phalaa</i> can be applied to initial vowels as well:</p> <blockquote><p><span title="U+0985 অ BENGALI LETTER A U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1200 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-8,568L-48,613L741,613L781,568L669,568L669,-26L648,-7Q640,57 605,125.5Q570,194 523,235Q508,183 471,152Q434,121 380,121Q187,121 20,536L60,515Q200,205 355,205Q411,205 451.5,239.5Q492,274 492,329Q492,381 459,419Q423,460 372,457Q381,439 381,420Q381,387 358.5,364.5Q336,342 303,342Q267,342 243.5,368.5Q220,395 220,431Q220,464 243.5,489Q267,514 301,520Q272,551 228,568L-8,568ZM310,568Q320,556 337,522Q420,521 478,450Q532,384 532,299Q583,238 622,134L625,137Q621,157 621,167L621,568L310,568Z" /><path transform="translate(739)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(991)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">অ্যা</span></span></span> = <0985, 09CD, 09AF, 09BE> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-gujrka">a- hasant ya -aa</i>)</p> <p><span title="U+098F এ BENGALI LETTER E U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1103 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M572,-34L546,-10Q541,52 522,80Q498,115 441,115Q412,115 354.5,108.5Q297,102 268,102Q165,102 105,152Q40,206 40,306Q40,377 81,440L100,420Q74,378 74,323Q74,251 118,214.5Q162,178 235,178Q259,178 307.5,182Q356,186 380,186Q428,186 460,170Q488,156 524,118L524,526Q524,570 483,570Q453,570 385,512Q310,448 310,396Q310,390 314,378Q340,395 356,395Q381,395 398,377.5Q415,360 415,335Q415,301 390,280.5Q365,260 331,260Q285,260 255.5,296Q226,332 226,379Q226,467 321,549Q406,622 468,622Q502,619 531,594Q572,558 572,523L572,-34Z" /><path transform="translate(642)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(894)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">এ্যা</span></span></span> = <098F, 09CD, 09AF, 09BE> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-guh1ou">e- hasant ya -aa</i>)</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-3ntar0">If a candrabindu or other combining mark needs to be added in the sequence, it comes at the end of the sequence. For example:</p> <blockquote><p><span title="U+0985 অ BENGALI LETTER A U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1200 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-8,568L-48,613L741,613L781,568L669,568L669,-26L648,-7Q640,57 605,125.5Q570,194 523,235Q508,183 471,152Q434,121 380,121Q187,121 20,536L60,515Q200,205 355,205Q411,205 451.5,239.5Q492,274 492,329Q492,381 459,419Q423,460 372,457Q381,439 381,420Q381,387 358.5,364.5Q336,342 303,342Q267,342 243.5,368.5Q220,395 220,431Q220,464 243.5,489Q267,514 301,520Q272,551 228,568L-8,568ZM310,568Q320,556 337,522Q420,521 478,450Q532,384 532,299Q583,238 622,134L625,137Q621,157 621,167L621,568L310,568Z" /><path transform="translate(739)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(991)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">অ্যা</span></span></span><span title="U+0981 ◌ঁ BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 6 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-217,830Q-193,780 -172,758Q-141,725 -97,725Q-5,725 0,840L22,827Q24,765 -2,719Q-34,665 -93,665Q-155,665 -198,725Q-233,773 -247,842L-217,830ZM-147,827Q-147,847 -133.5,860.5Q-120,874 -100,874Q-80,874 -67,860.5Q-54,847 -54,827Q-54,807 -67,793.5Q-80,780 -100,780Q-120,780 -133.5,793.5Q-147,807 -147,827Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ঁ</span></span></span> = <0985, 09CD, 09AF, 09BE, 0981> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-13v1m1z">a- hasant ya -aa candrabindu</i>)</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-xyiwyt">Further examples:</p> <blockquote><p><span title="U+0985 অ BENGALI LETTER A"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 739 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-8,568L-48,613L741,613L781,568L669,568L669,-26L648,-7Q640,57 605,125.5Q570,194 523,235Q508,183 471,152Q434,121 380,121Q187,121 20,536L60,515Q200,205 355,205Q411,205 451.5,239.5Q492,274 492,329Q492,381 459,419Q423,460 372,457Q381,439 381,420Q381,387 358.5,364.5Q336,342 303,342Q267,342 243.5,368.5Q220,395 220,431Q220,464 243.5,489Q267,514 301,520Q272,551 228,568L-8,568ZM310,568Q320,556 337,522Q420,521 478,450Q532,384 532,299Q583,238 622,134L625,137Q621,157 621,167L621,568L310,568Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">অ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ্</span></span></span> + <span title="U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 503 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M433,-26L413,-7Q394,77 298,149Q194,227 109,227L49,299Q114,354 233,450Q192,490 157,504Q139,511 98,517Q57,523 26,538Q4,548 2,568L-6,568L-46,613L507,613L547,568L433,568L433,-26ZM164,568L305,409Q242,362 156,288Q211,275 282,212Q338,162 383,103L385,103L385,568L164,568Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">য</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 580 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,245Q123,245 123,265Q123,285 144,285Q164,285 164,265Q164,245 144,245ZM138,337Q138,357 158,357Q178,357 178,337Q178,316 159,316Q138,316 138,337ZM178,397Q178,418 198,418Q219,418 219,398Q219,378 198,378Q178,378 178,397ZM239,438Q239,459 259,459Q280,459 280,438Q280,418 259,418Q239,418 239,438ZM311,453Q311,473 331,473Q351,473 351,453Q351,432 331,432Q311,432 311,453ZM403,459Q423,459 423,438Q423,418 403,418Q382,418 382,438Q382,459 403,459ZM464,418Q484,418 484,398Q484,378 464,378Q443,378 443,398Q443,418 464,418ZM505,357Q525,357 525,337Q525,316 504,316Q484,316 484,337Q484,357 505,357ZM519,285Q539,285 539,265Q539,245 519,245Q498,245 498,265Q498,285 519,285ZM525,193Q525,173 504,173Q484,173 484,193Q484,214 504,214Q525,214 525,193ZM484,132Q484,112 464,112Q444,112 444,132Q444,153 464,153Q484,153 484,132ZM423,92Q423,72 403,72Q383,72 383,92Q383,113 403,113Q423,113 423,92ZM351,78Q351,57 331,57Q311,57 311,78Q311,98 331,98Q351,98 351,78ZM259,72Q239,72 239,92Q239,113 259,113Q280,113 280,93Q280,72 259,72ZM199,112Q178,112 178,132Q178,153 198,153Q219,153 219,132Q219,112 199,112ZM158,173Q138,173 138,193Q138,214 158,214Q178,214 178,193Q178,173 158,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌</span></span></span><span title="U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 209 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">া</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0985 অ BENGALI LETTER A U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1200 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-8,568L-48,613L741,613L781,568L669,568L669,-26L648,-7Q640,57 605,125.5Q570,194 523,235Q508,183 471,152Q434,121 380,121Q187,121 20,536L60,515Q200,205 355,205Q411,205 451.5,239.5Q492,274 492,329Q492,381 459,419Q423,460 372,457Q381,439 381,420Q381,387 358.5,364.5Q336,342 303,342Q267,342 243.5,368.5Q220,395 220,431Q220,464 243.5,489Q267,514 301,520Q272,551 228,568L-8,568ZM310,568Q320,556 337,522Q420,521 478,450Q532,384 532,299Q583,238 622,134L625,137Q621,157 621,167L621,568L310,568Z" /><path transform="translate(739)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(991)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">অ্যা</span></span></span></p> <p><span title="U+098F এ BENGALI LETTER E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 642 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M572,-34L546,-10Q541,52 522,80Q498,115 441,115Q412,115 354.5,108.5Q297,102 268,102Q165,102 105,152Q40,206 40,306Q40,377 81,440L100,420Q74,378 74,323Q74,251 118,214.5Q162,178 235,178Q259,178 307.5,182Q356,186 380,186Q428,186 460,170Q488,156 524,118L524,526Q524,570 483,570Q453,570 385,512Q310,448 310,396Q310,390 314,378Q340,395 356,395Q381,395 398,377.5Q415,360 415,335Q415,301 390,280.5Q365,260 331,260Q285,260 255.5,296Q226,332 226,379Q226,467 321,549Q406,622 468,622Q502,619 531,594Q572,558 572,523L572,-34Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">এ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ্</span></span></span> + <span title="U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 503 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M433,-26L413,-7Q394,77 298,149Q194,227 109,227L49,299Q114,354 233,450Q192,490 157,504Q139,511 98,517Q57,523 26,538Q4,548 2,568L-6,568L-46,613L507,613L547,568L433,568L433,-26ZM164,568L305,409Q242,362 156,288Q211,275 282,212Q338,162 383,103L385,103L385,568L164,568Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">য</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 580 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,245Q123,245 123,265Q123,285 144,285Q164,285 164,265Q164,245 144,245ZM138,337Q138,357 158,357Q178,357 178,337Q178,316 159,316Q138,316 138,337ZM178,397Q178,418 198,418Q219,418 219,398Q219,378 198,378Q178,378 178,397ZM239,438Q239,459 259,459Q280,459 280,438Q280,418 259,418Q239,418 239,438ZM311,453Q311,473 331,473Q351,473 351,453Q351,432 331,432Q311,432 311,453ZM403,459Q423,459 423,438Q423,418 403,418Q382,418 382,438Q382,459 403,459ZM464,418Q484,418 484,398Q484,378 464,378Q443,378 443,398Q443,418 464,418ZM505,357Q525,357 525,337Q525,316 504,316Q484,316 484,337Q484,357 505,357ZM519,285Q539,285 539,265Q539,245 519,245Q498,245 498,265Q498,285 519,285ZM525,193Q525,173 504,173Q484,173 484,193Q484,214 504,214Q525,214 525,193ZM484,132Q484,112 464,112Q444,112 444,132Q444,153 464,153Q484,153 484,132ZM423,92Q423,72 403,72Q383,72 383,92Q383,113 403,113Q423,113 423,92ZM351,78Q351,57 331,57Q311,57 311,78Q311,98 331,98Q351,98 351,78ZM259,72Q239,72 239,92Q239,113 259,113Q280,113 280,93Q280,72 259,72ZM199,112Q178,112 178,132Q178,153 198,153Q219,153 219,132Q219,112 199,112ZM158,173Q138,173 138,193Q138,214 158,214Q178,214 178,193Q178,173 158,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌</span></span></span><span title="U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 209 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">া</span></span></span> → <span title="U+098F এ BENGALI LETTER E U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1103 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M572,-34L546,-10Q541,52 522,80Q498,115 441,115Q412,115 354.5,108.5Q297,102 268,102Q165,102 105,152Q40,206 40,306Q40,377 81,440L100,420Q74,378 74,323Q74,251 118,214.5Q162,178 235,178Q259,178 307.5,182Q356,186 380,186Q428,186 460,170Q488,156 524,118L524,526Q524,570 483,570Q453,570 385,512Q310,448 310,396Q310,390 314,378Q340,395 356,395Q381,395 398,377.5Q415,360 415,335Q415,301 390,280.5Q365,260 331,260Q285,260 255.5,296Q226,332 226,379Q226,467 321,549Q406,622 468,622Q502,619 531,594Q572,558 572,523L572,-34Z" /><path transform="translate(642)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(894)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">এ্যা</span></span></span></p> <p><span title="U+09A4 ত BENGALI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 645 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-2,568L-42,613L674,613L714,568L-2,568ZM39,518Q100,354 154,272Q248,130 366,130Q443,130 499,171Q561,216 561,290Q561,348 530,393Q495,445 440,445Q412,445 404,434Q434,406 434,365Q434,325 408.5,301Q383,277 342,277Q302,277 275.5,308Q249,339 249,380Q249,439 291,474.5Q333,510 393,510Q484,510 542,432Q595,360 595,266Q595,166 534.5,106Q474,46 374,46Q235,46 127,233Q67,334 0,539L39,518Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ত</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ্</span></span></span> + <span title="U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 503 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M433,-26L413,-7Q394,77 298,149Q194,227 109,227L49,299Q114,354 233,450Q192,490 157,504Q139,511 98,517Q57,523 26,538Q4,548 2,568L-6,568L-46,613L507,613L547,568L433,568L433,-26ZM164,568L305,409Q242,362 156,288Q211,275 282,212Q338,162 383,103L385,103L385,568L164,568Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">য</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 580 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,245Q123,245 123,265Q123,285 144,285Q164,285 164,265Q164,245 144,245ZM138,337Q138,357 158,357Q178,357 178,337Q178,316 159,316Q138,316 138,337ZM178,397Q178,418 198,418Q219,418 219,398Q219,378 198,378Q178,378 178,397ZM239,438Q239,459 259,459Q280,459 280,438Q280,418 259,418Q239,418 239,438ZM311,453Q311,473 331,473Q351,473 351,453Q351,432 331,432Q311,432 311,453ZM403,459Q423,459 423,438Q423,418 403,418Q382,418 382,438Q382,459 403,459ZM464,418Q484,418 484,398Q484,378 464,378Q443,378 443,398Q443,418 464,418ZM505,357Q525,357 525,337Q525,316 504,316Q484,316 484,337Q484,357 505,357ZM519,285Q539,285 539,265Q539,245 519,245Q498,245 498,265Q498,285 519,285ZM525,193Q525,173 504,173Q484,173 484,193Q484,214 504,214Q525,214 525,193ZM484,132Q484,112 464,112Q444,112 444,132Q444,153 464,153Q484,153 484,132ZM423,92Q423,72 403,72Q383,72 383,92Q383,113 403,113Q423,113 423,92ZM351,78Q351,57 331,57Q311,57 311,78Q311,98 331,98Q351,98 351,78ZM259,72Q239,72 239,92Q239,113 259,113Q280,113 280,93Q280,72 259,72ZM199,112Q178,112 178,132Q178,153 198,153Q219,153 219,132Q219,112 199,112ZM158,173Q138,173 138,193Q138,214 158,214Q178,214 178,193Q178,173 158,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌</span></span></span><span title="U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 209 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">া</span></span></span> → <span title="U+09A4 ত BENGALI LETTER TA U+09CD ◌্ BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA U+09AF য BENGALI LETTER YA U+09BE ◌া BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1106 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-2,568L-42,613L674,613L714,568L-2,568ZM39,518Q100,354 154,272Q248,130 366,130Q443,130 499,171Q561,216 561,290Q561,348 530,393Q495,445 440,445Q412,445 404,434Q434,406 434,365Q434,325 408.5,301Q383,277 342,277Q302,277 275.5,308Q249,339 249,380Q249,439 291,474.5Q333,510 393,510Q484,510 542,432Q595,360 595,266Q595,166 534.5,106Q474,46 374,46Q235,46 127,233Q67,334 0,539L39,518Z" /><path transform="translate(645)" d="M258,613L298,568L217,568Q145,546 145,439Q145,418 168,272Q182,183 182,140Q182,62 132.5,5.5Q83,-51 6,-55L-23,-31Q120,-27 120,107Q120,156 101,251Q82,346 82,395Q82,450 105,491Q123,525 169,568L-6,568L-46,613L258,613Z" /><path transform="translate(897)" d="M-34,613Q26,613 52,577Q64,561 86,492L86,715L113,688Q113,613 214,613L254,568L174,568Q140,568 130,583L139,-46L79,16L82,442Q59,506 45,526Q16,568 -34,568L-34,613Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ত্যা</span></span></span></p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G59467" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G59467" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Interaction of Repha and Ya-phalaa.</span></span> The formation of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i> form is defined in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>, “Rules for Rendering,” R2. Basically, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i> is formed when a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> that has the inherent vowel killed by the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-gt93aj">hasant</i> begins a syllable. This scenario is shown in the following example:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Fig09-11A-Reph1.svg" alt="" style="width: 19.27em;"> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1akhn9b">The <i>ya-phalaa</i> is a post-base form of <i>ya</i> and is formed when the <i>ya</i> is the final consonant of a syllable cluster. In this case, the previous consonant retains its base shape and the <i>hasant</i> is combined with the following <i>ya</i>. This scenario is shown in the following example:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Fig09-11B-Yaphalaa1.svg" alt="" style="width: 20.63em;"> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-pvckq5">An ambiguous situation is encountered when the combination of <i>ra</i> + <i>hasant</i> + <i>ya</i> is encountered:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Fig09-11C-Yaphalaa2.svg" alt="" style="width: 12.38em;"> </figure> <p>To resolve the ambiguity with this combination, the Unicode Standard adopts the convention of placing the character <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> immediately after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> to obtain the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1498zb0">ya-phalaa</i>. The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i> form is rendered when no ZWJ is present, as shown in the following example:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Fig09-11D-Yaphalaa3.svg" alt="" style="width: 11.85em;"> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-s6oi4v">When the first character of the cluster is not a <i>ra</i>, the <i>ya-phalaa </i>is the normal rendering of a <i>ya</i>, and a ZWJ is not necessary but can be present. Such a convention would make it possible, for example, for input methods to consistently associate <i>ya-phalaa</i> with the sequence <ZWJ, <i>hasant</i>, <i>ya</i>>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G723286" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G723286" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Jihvamuliya and Upadhmaniya.</span></span> In Bangla, the voiceless velar and bilabial fricatives are represented by <span title="U+1CF5 ᳵ VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF5 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM346 483H409L521 332L634 483H697L553 288L697 94H634L521 246L409 94H346L490 288Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ᳵ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA</span></span> and <span title="U+1CF6 ᳶ VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1104 -22528 21221 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M990 758V665H955V722H895V758ZM989 440V328H953V440ZM991 271V160H954V271ZM990 608V496H954V608ZM50 328V440H87V328ZM49 497V608H86V497ZM49 160V272H86V160ZM50 759H142V724H85V664H50ZM368 758H480V722H368ZM726 760H838V723H726ZM200 759H312V723H200ZM548 758H660V722H548ZM989 -164H897V-129H954V-69H989ZM481 -163H369V-127H481ZM313 -165H201V-128H313ZM839 -164H727V-128H839ZM50 -162V-70H86V-127H146V-162ZM661 -163H549V-127H661ZM991 103V-8H954V103ZM49 -9V103H86V-9ZM314 360Q314 387 315 404H369Q366 382 366 360Q366 268 412 268Q443 268 471 302Q494 330 499 360Q499 382 497 404H553Q551 382 551 360Q555 330 578 302Q607 268 638 268Q684 268 684 360Q684 382 681 404H735Q736 387 736 360Q736 215 656 215Q562 215 525 322Q487 215 394 215Q314 215 314 360Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ᳶ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA</span></span>, respectively. When the signs appear with a following homorganic voiceless stop consonant, they can be rendered in a font as a stacked ligature without a virama:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/bengali-vedic-1.svg" alt="" style="width: 8.32em;"> </figure> <p>The sequences can also be represented linearly by inserting a <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1k9r22j">jihvamuliya</i> or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wf7hkv">upadhmaniya</i>, but before the following consonant:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/bengali-vedic-2.svg" alt="" style="width: 12.67em;"> </figure> <p>Dependent vowel signs can also be added to the stack or linear sequence. Consonant clusters containing <span title="U+1CF5 ᳵ VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF5 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA</span></span> and <span title="U+1CF6 ᳶ VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1CF6 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA</span></span> can occur with more than two consonants, such as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1b96ece">ẖkra</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1aotjbu">ḫpra</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30233" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30233" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Bangla uses punctuation marks shared across many Indic scripts, including the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-js1sf2">danda</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1k0vaqb">double danda</i> marks. In Bangla these are called the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-71uhru">dahri</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1cbkwsf">double dahri</i>. For a description of these common punctuation marks, see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G668396" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G668396" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Truncation.</span></span> The orthography of the Bangla language makes use of <span title="U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" class="svelte-wim892">U+02BC “ <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-429 -22528 3135 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(11 -11)" d="M246 1186Q246 1104 167 1008Q93 917 12 885L-6 926Q47 950 103 1016Q164 1087 164 1139Q164 1169 133 1169Q127 1169 67 1163Q-39 1170 -39 1264Q-39 1386 84 1386Q159 1386 205 1322Q246 1264 246 1186Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ʼ</span></span> ” <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></span> to indicate the truncation of words. This sign is called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1nnz5pi">urdha-comma</i>. Examples illustrating the use of <span title="U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE" class="svelte-wim892">U+02BC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</span></span> are shown in <a href="#G670335" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-15</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G670335" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G670335" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-15.</span> Use of Apostrophe in Bangla</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-v70vl"><th>Example</th> <th>Meaning</th></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0057 W LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1434 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1293,0Q1264,80 1197,135Q1130,190 1043,205L1023,245Q1060,297 1129.5,338.5Q1199,380 1293,405L1293,465L990,465L990,500L1433,500L1433,465L1333,465L1333,0L1293,0L1293,0ZM1293,80L1293,365Q1217,345 1159.5,313Q1102,281 1068,240Q1138,228 1197,186Q1256,144 1293,80L1293,80ZM1118,10Q1101,10 1089.5,21.5Q1078,33 1078,50Q1078,67 1089.5,78.5Q1101,90 1118,90Q1135,90 1146.5,78.5Q1158,67 1158,50Q1158,33 1146.5,21.5Q1135,10 1118,10L1118,10ZM753,200Q753,324 816,412Q879,500 968,500L1012,500L1012,465L968,465Q896,465 844.5,387.5Q793,310 793,200Q793,135 818,88Q843,41 883,30Q881,35 879.5,41.5Q878,48 878,56Q878,76 892.5,90.5Q907,105 928,105Q951,105 967,90.5Q983,76 983,55Q983,28 959.5,9Q936,-10 903,-10Q841,-10 797,51.5Q753,113 753,200L753,200ZM624,316L614,342Q664,364 664,397Q664,416 650,426.5Q636,437 610,436Q606,437 602,444Q598,451 598,461Q598,476 611,487Q624,498 642,498Q670,498 694,474.5Q718,451 718,414Q718,371 688,347.5Q658,324 624,316ZM282,0Q252,82 194.5,135.5Q137,189 67,200L27,235Q78,307 144.5,350.5Q211,394 282,400L282,465L0,465L0,500L558,500L558,465L322,465L322,400Q403,393 457.5,342.5Q512,292 512,225Q512,188 490.5,161.5Q469,135 438,135Q415,135 398.5,148Q382,161 382,180Q382,201 397,215.5Q412,230 434,230Q444,230 453.5,228Q463,226 470,223Q471,225 471.5,228Q472,231 472,235Q472,279 426.5,317Q381,355 322,360L322,0L282,0L282,0ZM282,80L282,360Q223,355 170.5,323.5Q118,292 82,240Q150,222 202.5,180Q255,138 282,80L282,80Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">W</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1l6168z">after, on doing (something)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0058 X LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1434 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M670,465L670,500L999,500L999,465L915,465Q852,421 816,350.5Q780,280 780,200Q780,135 805,88Q830,41 870,30Q868,35 866.5,41.5Q865,48 865,56Q865,76 879.5,90.5Q894,105 915,105Q938,105 954,90.5Q970,76 970,55Q970,28 948,9Q926,-10 895,-10Q831,-10 785.5,51.5Q740,113 740,200Q740,270 771,338.5Q802,407 860,465L670,465L670,465ZM542,0L542,315Q533,330 517,347.5Q501,365 477,385L307,185L277,210L327,270Q316,300 286.5,321.5Q257,343 217,350Q211,336 202.5,328Q194,320 187,320Q179,320 173,324.5Q167,329 167,335Q175,381 244.5,443Q314,505 357,505Q393,505 441.5,471Q490,437 542,375L542,560L582,560L582,500L682,500L682,465L582,465L582,0L542,0L542,0ZM352,300L452,410Q428,434 403.5,447Q379,460 357,460Q332,460 300.5,439Q269,418 237,380Q277,373 307.5,352Q338,331 352,300L352,300ZM1293,0Q1264,80 1197,135Q1130,190 1043,205L1023,245Q1060,297 1129.5,338.5Q1199,380 1293,405L1293,465L990,465L990,500L1433,500L1433,465L1333,465L1333,0L1293,0L1293,0ZM1293,80L1293,365Q1217,345 1159.5,313Q1102,281 1068,240Q1138,228 1197,186Q1256,144 1293,80L1293,80ZM1118,10Q1101,10 1089.5,21.5Q1078,33 1078,50Q1078,67 1089.5,78.5Q1101,90 1118,90Q1135,90 1146.5,78.5Q1158,67 1158,50Q1158,33 1146.5,21.5Q1135,10 1118,10L1118,10ZM34,316L24,342Q74,364 74,397Q74,416 60,426.5Q46,437 20,436Q16,437 12,444Q8,451 8,461Q8,476 21,487Q34,498 52,498Q80,498 104,474.5Q128,451 128,414Q128,371 98,347.5Q68,324 34,316Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">X</span></span></span><br> <span title="U+0059 Y LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1764 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M309,-10Q198,-10 113,98Q28,206 14,365L54,370Q67,226 140,128Q213,30 309,30Q367,30 408,62Q449,94 449,140Q449,176 425.5,205.5Q402,235 364,245Q347,235 331.5,230Q316,225 304,225Q285,225 272,235.5Q259,246 259,260Q259,277 270.5,288.5Q282,300 299,300Q318,300 334.5,296Q351,292 364,285Q390,303 404.5,328Q419,353 419,380Q419,413 387,436.5Q355,460 309,460Q268,460 238.5,447.5Q209,435 204,415Q222,418 235.5,404.5Q249,391 249,370Q249,353 234.5,341.5Q220,330 199,330Q180,330 167,346Q154,362 154,385Q154,433 199.5,466.5Q245,500 309,500Q371,500 415,465Q459,430 459,380Q459,345 446,315Q433,285 409,265Q446,248 467.5,214Q489,180 489,140Q489,78 436.5,34Q384,-10 309,-10L309,-10ZM1010,465L1010,500L1339,500L1339,465L1255,465Q1192,421 1156,350.5Q1120,280 1120,200Q1120,135 1145,88Q1170,41 1210,30Q1208,35 1206.5,41.5Q1205,48 1205,56Q1205,76 1219.5,90.5Q1234,105 1255,105Q1278,105 1294,90.5Q1310,76 1310,55Q1310,28 1288,9Q1266,-10 1235,-10Q1171,-10 1125.5,51.5Q1080,113 1080,200Q1080,270 1111,338.5Q1142,407 1200,465L1010,465L1010,465ZM882,0L882,315Q873,330 857,347.5Q841,365 817,385L647,185L617,210L667,270Q656,300 626.5,321.5Q597,343 557,350Q551,336 542.5,328Q534,320 527,320Q519,320 513,324.5Q507,329 507,335Q515,381 584.5,443Q654,505 697,505Q733,505 781.5,471Q830,437 882,375L882,560L922,560L922,500L1022,500L1022,465L922,465L922,0L882,0L882,0ZM692,300L792,410Q768,434 743.5,447Q719,460 697,460Q672,460 640.5,439Q609,418 577,380Q617,373 647.5,352Q678,331 692,300L692,300ZM1633,0Q1604,80 1537,135Q1470,190 1383,205L1363,245Q1400,297 1469.5,338.5Q1539,380 1633,405L1633,465L1330,465L1330,500L1773,500L1773,465L1673,465L1673,0L1633,0L1633,0ZM1633,80L1633,365Q1557,345 1499.5,313Q1442,281 1408,240Q1478,228 1537,186Q1596,144 1633,80L1633,80ZM1458,10Q1441,10 1429.5,21.5Q1418,33 1418,50Q1418,67 1429.5,78.5Q1441,90 1458,90Q1475,90 1486.5,78.5Q1498,67 1498,50Q1498,33 1486.5,21.5Q1475,10 1458,10L1458,10Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">Y</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-10ma37j">} above</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G668388" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G668388" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.3 Gurmukhi</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11128" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11128" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.3.1 Gurmukhi: U+0A00–U+0A7F</span> </h3> <p>The Gurmukhi script is a North Indian script used to write the Punjabi (or Panjabi) language of the Punjab state of India. Gurmukhi, which literally means “proceeding from the mouth of the Guru,” is attributed to Angad, the second Sikh Guru (1504–1552 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">CE</span>). It is derived from an older script called Landa and is closely related to Devanagari structurally. The script is closely associated with Sikhs and Sikhism, but it is used on an everyday basis in East Punjab. (West Punjab, now in Pakistan, uses the Arabic script.)</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G34615" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34615" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Encoding Principles.</span></span> The Gurmukhi block is based on ISCII-1988, which makes it parallel to Devanagari. Gurmukhi, however, has a number of peculiarities described here.</p> <p>The additional consonants (called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1l4bfhn">pairin bindi</i>; literally, “with a dot in the foot,” in Punjabi) are primarily used to differentiate Urdu or Persian loan words. They include <span title="U+0A36 ਸ਼ GURMUKHI LETTER SHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A36 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 12683 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M563 520H468V0H408V244H169V224Q169 172 154 119Q133 45 93 45Q54 45 54 94Q54 118 80 182Q106 246 106 280Q106 392 43 520H0V578H563ZM309 39Q309 0 271 0Q255 0 243 11.5Q231 23 231 39Q230 55 242.5 66.5Q255 78 271 78Q287 78 298 66.5Q309 55 309 39ZM408 300V520H103Q148 436 165 300Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ਼</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER SHA</span></span> and <span title="U+0A33 ਲ਼ GURMUKHI LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A33 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 15364 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M682 520H520Q515 437 468 356Q534 349 573.5 301.5Q613 254 613 187Q613 93 543 44Q481 0 384 2V63Q455 60 500 87Q553 119 554 187Q554 231 527 263.5Q500 296 457 296Q424 296 388 259Q375 246 338 195Q302 242 287 258Q250 296 219 296Q175 296 149 263Q123 230 123 185Q123 119 177 87Q222 60 292 62V2Q195 1 133 45Q63 94 63 188Q63 252 104 300.5Q145 349 208 355Q166 430 155 520H0V578H682ZM569 -61Q569 -100 531 -100Q515 -100 503 -88.5Q491 -77 491 -61Q490 -45 502.5 -33.5Q515 -22 531 -22Q547 -22 558 -33.5Q569 -45 569 -61ZM460 520H216Q228 366 338 291Q447 368 460 520Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਲ਼</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER LLA</span></span>, but do not include <span title="U+0A5C ੜ GURMUKHI LETTER RRA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A5C <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 13427 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M596 520H510V504Q510 405 425 354Q522 306 522 226Q522 130 407 98L482 2Q441 1 407 28Q383 47 352 88Q326 85 303 85Q235 85 116 116L203 4Q144 1 96 60Q41 128 41 158Q41 186 70 186Q75 186 97 179Q216 141 311 141Q368 141 408 157Q463 180 463 228Q463 275 414 302Q373 325 322 325Q296 325 245 317Q194 309 168 309Q77 309 77 351Q77 397 182 397Q208 397 260.5 388.5Q313 380 339 380Q390 380 421 416Q449 451 449 503V520H0V578H596Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ੜ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER RRA</span></span>, which is genuinely Punjabi. For unification with the other scripts, ISCII-1991 considers <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i> to be equivalent to <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1rr76qv">dda+nukta</i>, but this decomposition is not considered in Unicode. At the same time, ISCII-1991 does not consider U+0A36 to be equivalent to <0A38, 0A3C>, or U+0A33 to be equivalent to <0A32, 0A3C>.</p> <p>Two different marks can be associated with <span title="U+0902 ◌ं DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0902 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-313 595 -259 647 -207 595 -259 541Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ं</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA</span></span>: <span title="U+0A02 ◌ਂ GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A02 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(14057) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-254 589Q-254 572 -265 561Q-276 550 -293 550Q-309 550 -320.5 561.5Q-332 573 -332 589Q-332 628 -293 628Q-276 628 -265 617Q-254 606 -254 589Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ਂ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI</span></span> and <span title="U+0A70 ◌ੰ GURMUKHI TIPPI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A70 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(14012) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-188 592Q-188 569 -199 542Q-213 510 -232 510Q-244 510 -244 522L-236 540Q-227 558 -227 571Q-227 633 -292 633Q-320 633 -338 617.5Q-356 602 -356 575Q-356 565 -347.5 547Q-339 529 -339 524Q-339 512 -349 512Q-368 512 -382 545Q-394 572 -394 594Q-394 636 -365 661.5Q-336 687 -293 687Q-248 687 -218 661.5Q-188 636 -188 592Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੰ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI TIPPI</span></span>. Present practice is to use <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> only with the dependent and independent forms of the vowels <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfzv6">aa</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eowj82">ii</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1erbpp6">ee</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ep1zdm">ai</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1elf4t2">oo</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eigy1a">au</i>, and with the independent vowels <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i>; <i data-svelte-h="svelte-15w87zo">tippi</i> is used in the other contexts. Older texts may depart from this requirement. ISCII-1991 uses only one encoding point for both marks.</p> <p><span title="U+0A71 ◌ੱ GURMUKHI ADDAK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A71 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13844) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-132 698Q-133 625 -171 575Q-213 519 -284 519Q-355 519 -397 575Q-436 626 -435 698H-409Q-404 646 -369.5 610Q-335 574 -284 574Q-232 574 -198 611Q-168 644 -159 698Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੱ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI ADDAK</span></span> is a special sign to indicate that the following consonant is geminate. ISCII-1991 does not have a specific code point for addak and encodes it as a cluster. For example, the word <span title="U+0A2A ਪ GURMUKHI LETTER PA U+0A71 ◌ੱ GURMUKHI ADDAK U+0A17 ਗ GURMUKHI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1205 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M608,839Q607,766 569,715Q527,660 456,660Q386,660 343,715Q304,767 305,839L331,839Q336,786 370,750.5Q404,715 456,715Q558,715 581,839L608,839ZM569,520L475,520L475,0L414,0L414,126Q356,81 296,81Q173,81 65,241Q121,305 121,401Q121,467 99,520L0,520L0,578L144,578Q180,473 180,401Q180,307 136,236Q209,142 293,142Q360,142 414,190L414,578L569,578L569,520ZM162,520L162,520Z" /><path transform="translate(564)" d="M646,520L551,520L551,0L490,0L490,520L378,520L378,126Q378,2 273,2Q175,2 109,82Q47,156 47,256Q47,375 184,375L317,375L317,520L0,520L0,578L646,578L646,520ZM317,109L317,322L182,322Q143,322 126,309Q106,294 106,257Q106,182 148,123Q195,58 267,58Q317,58 317,109Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਪੱਗ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-h9zpzv">pagg</i>, “turban,” can be represented with the sequence <0A2A, 0A71, 0A17> (or <pa, addak, ga>) in Unicode, while in ISCII-1991 it would be <pa, ga, virama, ga>.</p> <p><span title="U+0A75 ◌ੵ GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A75 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-153 -96Q-153 -148 -171 -194Q-196 -255 -239 -255Q-302 -255 -347 -192Q-387 -135 -387 -68Q-387 -35 -369 43H-320Q-327 -50 -327 -62Q-327 -95 -307 -127Q-286 -164 -256 -164Q-225 -164 -205 -128Q-190 -98 -175 -68Q-169 -67 -164 -67Q-164 -67 -157 -68Q-153 -76 -153 -96Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੵ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH</span></span> probably originated as a subjoined form of <span title="U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A2F <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 14801 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M657 520H562V0H501V278H369V106Q331 81 284 81Q219 81 154 131Q99 173 60 237Q108 310 108 398Q108 459 84 520H0V578H657ZM501 332V520H146Q167 453 167 398Q167 310 127 236Q198 140 287 140Q296 140 308 142V332Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਯ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER YA</span></span>. However, because its usage is relatively rare and not entirely predictable, it is encoded as a separate character. Some modern fonts render <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14dg357">yakash</i> with the glyph <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0A75 ◌ੵ GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 493 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M437,-52L533,-52L533,-98L483,-98Q481,-107 481,-117Q481,-127 481,-136Q478,-157 465,-168Q452,-179 429,-176Q402,-174 379.5,-162Q357,-150 339,-130Q326,-113 331,-100Q334,-92 336,-85Q338,-78 341,-72Q349,-51 352,-29Q355,-7 347,16L395,16Q400,-7 399.5,-29Q399,-51 391,-74Q388,-80 386.5,-86Q385,-92 383,-100Q381,-102 382,-105Q383,-108 385,-110Q394,-115 404,-120Q414,-125 423,-130Q437,-136 437,-120L437,-62L437,-52ZM44,245Q23,245 23,265Q23,285 44,285Q64,285 64,265Q64,245 44,245ZM38,337Q38,357 58,357Q78,357 78,337Q78,316 59,316Q38,316 38,337ZM78,397Q78,418 98,418Q119,418 119,398Q119,378 98,378Q78,378 78,397ZM139,438Q139,459 159,459Q180,459 180,438Q180,418 159,418Q139,418 139,438ZM211,453Q211,473 231,473Q251,473 251,453Q251,432 231,432Q211,432 211,453ZM303,459Q323,459 323,438Q323,418 303,418Q282,418 282,438Q282,459 303,459ZM364,418Q384,418 384,398Q384,378 364,378Q343,378 343,398Q343,418 364,418ZM405,357Q425,357 425,337Q425,316 404,316Q384,316 384,337Q384,357 405,357ZM419,285Q439,285 439,265Q439,245 419,245Q398,245 398,265Q398,285 419,285ZM425,193Q425,173 404,173Q384,173 384,193Q384,214 404,214Q425,214 425,193ZM384,132Q384,112 364,112Q344,112 344,132Q344,153 364,153Q384,153 384,132ZM323,92Q323,72 303,72Q283,72 283,92Q283,113 303,113Q323,113 323,92ZM251,78Q251,57 231,57Q211,57 211,78Q211,98 231,98Q251,98 251,78ZM159,72Q139,72 139,92Q139,113 159,113Q180,113 180,93Q180,72 159,72ZM99,112Q78,112 78,132Q78,153 98,153Q119,153 119,132Q119,112 99,112ZM58,173Q38,173 38,193Q38,214 58,214Q78,214 78,193Q78,173 58,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੵ</span></span></span> , which varies from the traditional shape found in the code charts. This character should occur after the consonant to which it attaches and before any vowel sign.</p> <p><span title="U+0A51 ◌ੑ GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A51 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13922) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-165 -176Q-165 -188 -170.5 -201Q-176 -214 -184 -214Q-208 -214 -262 -171Q-306 -136 -324 -114Q-342 -92 -367 -47Q-408 26 -409 28L-360 36Q-333 -26 -280 -59Q-241 -80 -201 -102Q-165 -126 -165 -176Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੑ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT</span></span> occurs in older texts and indicates a high tone. This character should occur after the consonant to which it attaches and before any vowel sign.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G664643" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664643" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Unusual Usage of Vowel Signs.</span></span> In older texts, such as the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-61sc44">Sri Guru Granth Sahib</i> (the Sikh holy book), one can find typographic clusters with a vowel sign attached to a vowel letter, or with two vowel signs attached to a consonant. The most common cases are <span title="U+0A41 ◌ੁ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13697) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-108 -13Q-180 -25 -276 -25Q-358 -25 -446 -11V36Q-360 22 -281 22Q-176 22 -108 35Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੁ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> attached to <span title="U+0A13 ਓ GURMUKHI LETTER OO" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 15387 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M683 520H600V492Q600 320 456 271Q519 222 519 146Q519 79 471.5 38.5Q424 -2 356 -2Q205 -2 125 178Q63 317 63 487V520H0V578H67Q81 712 139 772Q201 836 333 836H585V778H330Q231 778 183 726Q140 679 129 578H683ZM540 493V520H124V464Q124 373 140 313H359Q540 313 540 493ZM464 148Q464 202 421 232Q383 259 326 259H153Q175 178 228 121Q289 54 365 54Q409 54 436.5 79Q464 104 464 148Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਓ</span></span></span>, as in <span title="U+0A13 ਓ GURMUKHI LETTER OO U+0A41 ◌ੁ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U U+0A2E ਮ GURMUKHI LETTER MA U+0A3E ◌ਾ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA U+0A39 ਹ GURMUKHI LETTER HA U+0A3E ◌ਾ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2003 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1770,500L2020,500L2020,450L1920,450L1920,220L1870,220L1870,450L1770,450L1770,500ZM1774,500L1774,450L1679,450L1679,100Q1679,59 1651,29.5Q1623,0 1584,0Q1516,0 1422.5,77Q1329,154 1329,210Q1329,243 1358.5,266.5Q1388,290 1429,290L1469,290L1469,240L1429,240Q1408,240 1393.5,231Q1379,222 1379,210Q1379,170 1456,110Q1533,50 1584,50Q1603,50 1616,64.5Q1629,79 1629,100L1629,450L1290,450L1290,500L1774,500ZM1050,500L1300,500L1300,450L1200,450L1200,220L1150,220L1150,450L1050,450L1050,500ZM657,500Q677,466 687,428Q697,390 697,350L697,270L907,270L907,500L1057,500L1057,450L957,450L957,0L907,0L907,220L697,220L697,150Q697,100 681,65Q665,30 642,30Q621,30 606.5,50.5Q592,71 592,100Q592,127 606,165Q620,203 647,250L647,350Q647,376 640.5,401.5Q634,427 622,450L529,450L529,500L657,500ZM156,-45Q188,-60 226,-67.5Q264,-75 306,-75Q348,-75 386,-67.5Q424,-60 456,-45L456,-95Q424,-110 386,-117.5Q348,-125 306,-125Q264,-125 226,-117.5Q188,-110 156,-95L156,-45ZM47,500Q47,595 120,662.5Q193,730 297,730L495,730L495,680L297,680Q214,680 155.5,627.5Q97,575 97,500L543,500L543,450L497,450L497,430Q497,363 465.5,311Q434,259 382,240Q408,222 422.5,194Q437,166 437,135Q437,79 396,39.5Q355,0 297,0Q193,0 120,132Q47,264 47,450L-10,450L-10,500L47,500ZM101,365Q105,322 112,280L297,280Q359,280 403,324Q447,368 447,430L447,450L97,450Q97,408 101,365ZM193.5,100Q242,50 297,50Q334,50 360.5,75Q387,100 387,135Q387,174 355,202Q323,230 277,230L124,230Q145,150 193.5,100Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਓੁਮਾਹਾ</span></span></span> and both the vowel signs <span title="U+0A4B ◌ੋ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="811 -22528 11332 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-226 504H-253Q-255 563 -264 591Q-280 641 -325 641Q-345 641 -383.5 635Q-422 629 -442 629Q-537 629 -544 735H-518Q-512 683 -465 683Q-442 683 -396.5 689.5Q-351 696 -328 696Q-226 696 -226 539Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੋ</span></span></span> and <span title="U+0A41 ◌ੁ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13697) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-108 -13Q-180 -25 -276 -25Q-358 -25 -446 -11V36Q-360 22 -281 22Q-176 22 -108 35Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੁ</span></span></span> attached to a consonant, as in <span title="U+0A17 ਗ GURMUKHI LETTER GA U+0A4B ◌ੋ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO U+0A41 ◌ੁ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U U+0A2C ਬ GURMUKHI LETTER BA U+0A3F ◌ਿ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I U+0A70 ◌ੰ GURMUKHI TIPPI U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1826 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1829,500L1829,450L1750,450L1750,220L1450,220Q1450,150 1497,100Q1544,50 1610,50Q1651,50 1688.5,63Q1726,76 1755,100L1775,85Q1741,45 1698,22.5Q1655,0 1610,0Q1523,0 1461.5,64.5Q1400,129 1400,220L1365,220Q1351,220 1340.5,226Q1330,232 1330,240Q1330,265 1365.5,302.5Q1401,340 1425,340Q1435,340 1442.5,331Q1450,322 1450,310L1450,270L1700,270L1700,450L1300,450L1300,500L1829,500ZM1034.5,720.5Q1064,750 1105,750Q1146,750 1175.5,720.5Q1205,691 1205,650Q1205,619 1186,592.5Q1167,566 1135,555L1135,575Q1153,584 1164,600Q1175,616 1175,635Q1175,662 1154.5,681Q1134,700 1105,700Q1076,700 1055.5,681Q1035,662 1035,635Q1035,616 1046,600Q1057,584 1075,575L1075,555Q1044,563 1024.5,589.5Q1005,616 1005,650Q1005,691 1034.5,720.5ZM1305,500L1305,450L1205,450L1205,0L1155,0L1155,105Q1125,88 1096,79Q1067,70 1040,70Q996,70 947.5,99Q899,128 855,180Q880,215 905.5,239.5Q931,264 955,275Q913,299 884,345Q855,391 845,450L800,450L800,500L1305,500ZM954.5,342.5Q1003,300 1065,300L1155,300L1155,450L895,450Q906,385 954.5,342.5ZM982,135.5Q1013,120 1040,120Q1065,120 1094.5,131.5Q1124,143 1155,165L1155,250L1065,250Q1054,250 1041.5,252.5Q1029,255 1015,260Q988,245 964,224.5Q940,204 920,180Q951,151 982,135.5ZM660,500L660,570Q660,628 698,669Q736,710 790,710Q846,710 885.5,669Q925,628 925,570L880,570Q880,607 853.5,633.5Q827,660 790,660Q757,660 733.5,633.5Q710,607 710,570L710,500L810,500L810,450L710,450L710,0L660,0L660,450L560,450L560,500L660,500ZM156,-45Q188,-60 226,-67.5Q264,-75 306,-75Q348,-75 386,-67.5Q424,-60 456,-45L456,-95Q424,-110 386,-117.5Q348,-125 306,-125Q264,-125 226,-117.5Q188,-110 156,-95L156,-45ZM195,695Q200,669 218,652Q236,635 260,635Q282,635 325,647.5Q368,660 390,660Q421,660 443,620.5Q465,581 465,525L445,525Q445,554 430.5,574.5Q416,595 395,595Q371,595 325,585Q279,575 255,575Q222,575 198.5,610Q175,645 175,695L195,695ZM566,500L566,450L466,450L466,0L416,0L416,450L316,450L316,120Q316,79 288,49.5Q260,20 221,20Q175,20 105.5,95.5Q36,171 36,220Q36,266 65.5,298Q95,330 136,330L266,330L266,450L-10,450L-10,500L566,500ZM137,126.5Q188,70 221,70Q240,70 253,84.5Q266,99 266,120L266,280L136,280Q115,280 100.5,262.5Q86,245 86,220Q86,183 137,126.5Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਗੋੁਬਿੰਦ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-198aerv">goubinda</i>; this is used to indicate the metrical shortening of /o/ or the lengthening of /u/ depending on the context. Other combinations are attested as well, such as <span title="U+0A17 ਗ GURMUKHI LETTER GA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A39 ਹ GURMUKHI LETTER HA U+0A3F ◌ਿ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I U+0A3E ◌ਾ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA U+0A28 ਨ GURMUKHI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1530 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1540,500L1540,450L1320,450L1320,340Q1398,304 1444,249.5Q1490,195 1490,140Q1490,82 1449,41Q1408,0 1350,0L1350,50Q1387,50 1413.5,76.5Q1440,103 1440,140Q1440,177 1385.5,233.5Q1331,290 1295,290Q1259,290 1204.5,233.5Q1150,177 1150,140Q1150,103 1176.5,76.5Q1203,50 1240,50L1240,0Q1182,0 1141,41Q1100,82 1100,140Q1100,195 1146,249.5Q1192,304 1270,340L1270,450L1050,450L1050,500L1540,500ZM810,500L1060,500L1060,450L960,450L960,220L910,220L910,450L810,450L810,500ZM529.5,-64.5Q544,-50 565,-50L615,-50L615,-90L565,-90Q561,-90 558,-93Q555,-96 555,-100Q555,-122 596.5,-156Q638,-190 665,-190Q669,-190 672,-187Q675,-184 675,-180L675,10L715,10L715,-180Q715,-201 700.5,-215.5Q686,-230 665,-230Q628,-230 571.5,-181Q515,-132 515,-100Q515,-79 529.5,-64.5ZM529.5,-64.5Q544,-50 565,-50L615,-50L615,-90L565,-90Q561,-90 558,-93Q555,-96 555,-100Q555,-122 596.5,-156Q638,-190 665,-190Q669,-190 672,-187Q675,-184 675,-180L675,10L715,10L715,-180Q715,-201 700.5,-215.5Q686,-230 665,-230Q628,-230 571.5,-181Q515,-132 515,-100Q515,-79 529.5,-64.5ZM816,500L816,450L716,450L716,0L666,0L666,450L566,450L566,120Q566,79 538,49.5Q510,20 471,20Q425,20 355.5,95.5Q286,171 286,220Q286,266 315.5,298Q345,330 386,330L516,330L516,450L240,450L240,500L816,500ZM387,126.5Q438,70 471,70Q490,70 503,84.5Q516,99 516,120L516,280L386,280Q365,280 350.5,262.5Q336,245 336,220Q336,183 387,126.5ZM90,500L90,570Q90,628 128,669Q166,710 220,710Q276,710 315.5,669Q355,628 355,570L310,570Q310,607 283.5,633.5Q257,660 220,660Q187,660 163.5,633.5Q140,607 140,570L140,500L240,500L240,450L140,450L140,0L90,0L90,450L-10,450L-10,500L90,500Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਗ੍ਹਿਾਨ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1p5d1ac">ghiana</i>, represented by the sequence <U+0A17, U+0A4D, U+0A39, U+0A3F, U+0A3E, U+0A28>.</p> <p>Because of the combining classes of the characters <span title="U+0A4B ◌ੋ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A4B <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="811 -22528 11332 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-226 504H-253Q-255 563 -264 591Q-280 641 -325 641Q-345 641 -383.5 635Q-422 629 -442 629Q-537 629 -544 735H-518Q-512 683 -465 683Q-442 683 -396.5 689.5Q-351 696 -328 696Q-226 696 -226 539Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੋ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO</span></span> and <span title="U+0A41 ◌ੁ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A41 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13697) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-108 -13Q-180 -25 -276 -25Q-358 -25 -446 -11V36Q-360 22 -281 22Q-176 22 -108 35Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੁ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U</span></span>, the sequences <consonant, U+0A4B, U+0A41> and <consonant, U+0A41, U+0A4B> are not canonically equivalent. To avoid ambiguity in representation, the first sequence, with U+0A4B before U+0A41, should be used in such cases. More generally, when a consonant or independent vowel is modified by multiple vowel signs, the sequence of the vowel signs in the underlying representation of the text should be: left, top, bottom, right.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G746330" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G746330" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Unusual Positioning of bindi.</span></span> Typically, when <span title="U+0A40 ◌ੀ GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A40 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 15882 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M248 506H150V-14H89V506H-3V564H89V645Q89 748 10 748Q-48 748 -74 686Q-93 642 -93 575V549H-154Q-154 651 -124 718Q-83 809 6 809Q78 809 116 759Q150 714 150 640V564H248Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ੀ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II</span></span> and <span title="U+0A02 ◌ਂ GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A02 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(14057) scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M-254 589Q-254 572 -265 561Q-276 550 -293 550Q-309 550 -320.5 561.5Q-332 573 -332 589Q-332 628 -293 628Q-276 628 -265 617Q-254 606 -254 589Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ਂ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI</span></span> coexist in an orthographic syllable, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> is encoded after and rendered on the right side of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-qtf5ui">vowel sign ii</i>. In cases where a special left side placement of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> must be distinguished in encoding, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> can be encoded immediately preceding the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-qtf5ui">vowel sign ii</i> instead.</p> <p>In particular, this encoding order also applies when <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> must appear on top of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-93k7dk">iri</i> preceding <i data-svelte-h="svelte-qtf5ui">vowel sign ii</i>: <0A72 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-93k7dk">iri</i>, 0A02 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i>, 0A40 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-qtf5ui">vowel sign ii</i>>. This sequential encoding does not conflict with the “Do Not Use” instruction about <span title="U+0A08 ਈ GURMUKHI LETTER II" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A08 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 18203 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M808 520H710V0H649V520H467V281H277Q231 281 186 251Q145 224 119 182Q232 58 318 58Q372 58 472 116V92Q377 2 294 2Q195 2 50 177Q83 256 166 308Q53 378 45 520H0V578H406Q408 675 439 738Q480 822 566 822Q639 822 676 773Q710 729 710 654V578H808ZM649 578V659Q649 762 570 762Q512 762 486 700Q467 655 467 588V578ZM406 334V520H100Q102 451 144 395Q190 334 257 334Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਈ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER II</span></span> in <a href="#G69536" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-16</a> because of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i> inserted in between.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G80567" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80567" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G69536" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-16</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G69536" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G69536" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-16.</span> Gurmukhi Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A06 ਆ GURMUKHI LETTER AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 936 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M782,216L782,520L602,520L602,0L541,0L541,319Q456,289 374,217Q369,171 353,129Q329,71 294,71Q255,71 255,116Q255,175 322,243Q323,258 323,278Q323,363 304,430Q229,391 167,334Q163,285 146,239Q123,173 87,173Q50,173 50,217Q50,286 113,354L113,375Q113,445 94,477Q70,520 5,520L0,520L0,578Q162,571 167,404Q229,460 338,510Q377,414 378,293Q440,345 541,378L541,578L940,578L940,520L843,520L843,216L782,216Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਆ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-y0fhff">0A06</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1xv7lv0"><0A05, 0A3E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A07 ਇ GURMUKHI LETTER I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 803 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,578L808,520L713,520L713,281L523,281Q477,281 432,251Q392,224 365,182Q478,58 564,58Q618,58 718,116L718,92Q624,2 540,2Q441,2 296,177Q330,256 412,308Q299,378 292,520L153,520L153,0L93,0L93,520L0,520L0,578L93,578L93,654Q93,729 126,773Q164,822 236,822Q323,822 364,738Q395,675 396,578L808,578ZM336,578L336,588Q336,655 317,700Q291,762 233,762Q153,762 153,659L153,578L336,578ZM652,334L652,520L346,520Q348,449 390,395Q436,334 503,334L652,334Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਇ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18xvwgc">0A07</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1xujdpn"><0A72, 0A3F></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A08 ਈ GURMUKHI LETTER II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 803 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,578L808,520L710,520L710,0L649,0L649,520L467,520L467,281L277,281Q231,281 186,251Q145,224 119,182Q232,58 318,58Q372,58 472,116L472,92Q377,2 294,2Q195,2 50,177Q83,256 166,308Q53,378 45,520L0,520L0,578L406,578Q408,675 439,738Q480,822 566,822Q638,822 676,773Q710,728 710,654L710,578L808,578ZM649,578L649,659Q649,762 570,762Q512,762 486,700Q467,656 467,588L467,578L649,578ZM406,334L406,520L100,520Q102,449 144,395Q189,334 257,334L406,334Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਈ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-kmkmnp">0A08</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ssbv92"><0A72, 0A40></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A09 ਉ GURMUKHI LETTER U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 678 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M600,520L600,492Q600,320 456,271Q519,222 519,146Q519,80 471.5,39Q424,-2 356,-2Q206,-2 125,178Q63,318 63,487L63,520L0,520L0,578L67,578Q85,689 152,761Q225,839 333,839Q445,839 516,762Q582,691 594,578L683,578L683,520L600,520ZM129,578L535,578Q524,664 473,721Q417,784 333,784Q249,784 193,721Q142,665 129,578ZM540,520L124,520L124,464Q124,373 140,313L359,313Q540,313 540,493L540,520ZM326,259L153,259Q175,179 228,121Q290,54 365,54Q409,54 436.5,79Q464,104 464,148Q464,202 421,232Q383,259 326,259ZM169,-130L169,-83Q256,-97 334,-97Q440,-97 507,-84L507,-132Q436,-144 339,-144Q258,-144 169,-130Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਉ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-vjvlxy">0A09</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1czg0l2"><0A73, 0A41></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A0A ਊ GURMUKHI LETTER UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 678 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M600,520L600,492Q600,320 456,271Q519,222 519,146Q519,80 471.5,39Q424,-2 356,-2Q206,-2 125,178Q63,318 63,487L63,520L0,520L0,578L67,578Q85,689 152,761Q225,839 333,839Q445,839 516,762Q582,691 594,578L683,578L683,520L600,520ZM129,578L535,578Q524,664 473,721Q417,784 333,784Q249,784 193,721Q142,665 129,578ZM540,520L124,520L124,464Q124,373 140,313L359,313Q540,313 540,493L540,520ZM326,259L153,259Q175,179 228,121Q290,54 365,54Q409,54 436.5,79Q464,104 464,148Q464,202 421,232Q383,259 326,259ZM169,-130L169,-83Q256,-97 334,-97Q440,-97 507,-84L507,-132Q436,-144 339,-144Q258,-144 169,-130ZM169,-253L169,-206Q259,-220 334,-220Q439,-220 507,-207L507,-255Q434,-267 338,-267Q263,-267 169,-253Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਊ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-wxwdqm">0A0A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1dd8zsv"><0A73, 0A42></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A0F ਏ GURMUKHI LETTER EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 557 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M562,578L562,520L467,520L467,281L277,281Q231,281 186,251Q145,224 119,182Q232,58 318,58Q372,58 472,116L472,92Q377,2 294,2Q195,2 50,177Q83,256 166,308Q53,378 45,520L0,520L0,578L438,578Q420,669 371,722Q315,782 227,782Q215,782 191,779.5Q167,777 155,777Q121,777 121,802Q121,841 199,841Q331,841 414,727Q456,668 464,578L562,578ZM406,334L406,520L100,520Q102,449 144,395Q189,334 257,334L406,334Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਏ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ji7g3v">0A0F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1vmict7"><0A72, 0A47></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A10 ਐ GURMUKHI LETTER AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 691 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M696,578L696,520L602,520L602,0L541,0L541,319Q456,289 374,217Q369,171 353,129Q329,71 294,71Q255,71 255,116Q255,175 322,243Q323,258 323,278Q323,363 304,430Q229,391 167,334Q163,285 146,239Q123,173 87,173Q50,173 50,217Q50,286 113,354L113,375Q113,445 94,477Q70,520 5,520L0,520L0,578Q162,571 167,404Q229,460 338,510Q377,414 378,293Q440,345 541,378L541,578L572,578Q554,633 501.5,668Q449,703 390,703Q355,703 323,693Q305,688 278,683Q256,682 256,706Q256,729 300,742Q332,751 362,751Q470,751 554,659Q528,729 468.5,771.5Q409,814 335,814Q326,814 308.5,812Q291,810 282,810Q256,810 256,832Q256,869 327,869Q439,869 517,778Q589,694 599,578L696,578Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਐ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18xefg4">0A10</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18eo5s4"><0A05, 0A48></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A13 ਓ GURMUKHI LETTER OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 678 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M683,578L683,520L600,520L600,492Q600,320 456,271Q519,222 519,146Q519,80 471.5,39Q424,-2 356,-2Q206,-2 125,178Q63,318 63,487L63,520L0,520L0,578L67,578Q81,711 139,772Q202,836 333,836L585,836L585,778L330,778Q231,778 183,726Q140,679 129,578L683,578ZM540,493L540,520L124,520L124,464Q124,373 140,313L359,313Q540,313 540,493ZM153,259Q175,179 228,121Q290,54 365,54Q409,54 436.5,79Q464,104 464,148Q464,202 421,232Q383,259 326,259L153,259Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1wfupw9">0A13</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-7e7wkv"><0A73, 0A4B></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A14 ਔ GURMUKHI LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 691 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M696,578L696,520L602,520L602,0L541,0L541,319Q456,289 374,217Q369,171 353,129Q329,71 294,71Q255,71 255,116Q255,175 322,243Q323,258 323,278Q323,363 304,430Q229,391 167,334Q163,285 146,239Q123,173 87,173Q50,173 50,217Q50,286 113,354L113,375Q113,445 94,477Q70,520 5,520L0,520L0,578Q162,571 167,404Q229,460 338,510Q377,414 378,293Q440,345 541,378L541,578L696,578ZM313,839L335,839Q349,823 382,823Q408,823 459,831Q510,839 536,839Q588,839 624,814Q665,785 665,735Q665,713 652,687Q637,656 617,656Q608,656 608,667Q608,671 618,687Q632,709 632,728Q632,785 572,785Q513,785 513,729Q513,710 528,684Q536,671 536,668Q536,658 527,658Q508,658 492,688Q478,715 478,737Q478,758 490,780Q470,776 442,776Q339,776 313,839Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1p5y9ls">0A14</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-esli25"><0A05, 0A4C></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G664709" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664709" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Tones.</span></span> The Punjabi language is tonal, but the Gurmukhi script does not contain any specific signs to indicate tones. Instead, the voiced aspirates (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-csizk0">gha</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-csp4a7">jha</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-15d2qat">ddha</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-csflq1">dha</i>) and the letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etjepp">ha</i> combine consonantal and tonal functions.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G34619" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34619" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ordering.</span></span> <span title="U+0A73 ੳ GURMUKHI URA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A73 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 15387 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M683 520H600V492Q600 320 456 271Q519 222 519 146Q519 79 471.5 38.5Q424 -2 356 -2Q205 -2 125 178Q63 317 63 487V520H0V578H67Q85 690 151 761Q225 839 333 839Q444 839 516 763Q582 692 594 578H683ZM535 578Q524 665 473 721Q417 784 333 784Q249 784 193 721Q142 665 129 578ZM540 493V520H124V464Q124 373 140 313H359Q540 313 540 493ZM464 148Q464 202 421 232Q383 259 326 259H153Q175 178 228 121Q289 54 365 54Q409 54 436.5 79Q464 104 464 148Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ੳ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI URA</span></span> and <span title="U+0A72 ੲ GURMUKHI IRI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A72 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 12661 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M562 520H467V281H277Q231 281 186 251Q145 224 119 182Q232 58 318 58Q372 58 472 116V92Q377 2 294 2Q195 2 50 177Q83 256 166 308Q53 378 45 520H0V578H562ZM406 334V520H100Q102 451 144 395Q190 334 257 334Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ੲ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI IRI</span></span> are the first and third “letters” of the Gurmukhi syllabary, respectively. They are used as bases or bearers for some of the independent vowels, while <span title="U+0A05 ਅ GURMUKHI LETTER A" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A05 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 15679 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M696 520H602V0H541V319Q456 289 374 217Q369 168 353 129Q330 71 294 71Q255 71 255 116Q255 175 322 243Q323 258 323 278Q323 363 304 430Q229 391 167 334Q163 287 146 239Q122 173 87 173Q50 173 50 217Q50 286 113 354V375Q113 444 94 477Q69 520 5 520H0V578Q162 571 167 404Q229 460 338 510Q377 414 378 293Q440 345 541 378V578H696Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਅ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER A</span></span> is both the second “letter” and the base for the remaining independent vowels. As a result, the collation order for Gurmukhi is based on a seven-by-five grid:</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1mvkvl8"><li>The first row is U+0A73 <i>ura</i>, U+0A05 <i>a</i>, U+0A72 <i>iri</i>, U+0A38 <i>sa</i>, U+0A39 <i>ha</i>.</li> <li>This row is followed by five main rows of consonants, grouped according to the point of articulation, as is traditional in all South and Southeast Asian scripts.</li> <li>The semiconsonants follow in the seventh row: U+0A2F <i>ya</i>, U+0A30 <i>ra</i>, U+0A32 <i>la</i>, U+0A35 <i>va</i>, U+0A5C <i>rra</i>.</li> <li>The letters with <i>nukta</i>, added later, are presented in a subsequent eighth row if needed.</li></ul> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G34625" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34625" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Behavior.</span></span> For general principles regarding the rendering of the Gurmukhi script, see the rules for rendering in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>. In many aspects, Gurmukhi is simpler than Devanagari. In modern Punjabi, there are no half-consonants, no half-forms, no <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i> (upper form of <span title="U+0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0930 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-45 -22528 11286 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M499 608V539H281Q299 495 299 439Q299 318 193 226Q288 123 458 4L446 -14Q338 59 237 147Q82 282 82 342Q82 387 142 387Q174 387 211 374Q242 416 242 456Q242 486 220 539H-2V608Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">र</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI LETTER RA</span></span>), and no real ligatures. Rules R2–R5, R11, and R14 do not apply. Conversely, the behavior for subscript RA (rules R6–R8 and R13) applies to <span title="U+0A39 ਹ GURMUKHI LETTER HA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A39 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 12481 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M554 520H459V124Q459 0 347 0Q274 0 204.5 36.5Q135 73 88 133Q45 188 45 252Q45 330 114 330H200V277H142Q105 277 105 247Q105 175 189 114Q266 56 341 56Q398 56 398 109V520H0V578H554Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਹ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER HA</span></span> and <span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A35 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 13652 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M606 520H514V347H199Q130 347 130 287Q130 224 191 224H507V171H251Q333 57 421 57H508L479 4H424Q269 4 181 170Q71 173 71 285Q71 401 200 401H454V520H0V578H606Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER VA</span></span>, which also have subjoined forms, called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-hyd2rh">pairin</i> in Punjabi. The subjoined form for RA is like a knot, while the subjoined HA and VA are written the same as the base form, without the top bar, but are reduced in size. As described in rule R13, they attach at the bottom of the base consonant, and will “push” down any attached vowel sign for U or UU. When <span title="U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A2F <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 14801 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M657 520H562V0H501V278H369V106Q331 81 284 81Q219 81 154 131Q99 173 60 237Q108 310 108 398Q108 459 84 520H0V578H657ZM501 332V520H146Q167 453 167 398Q167 310 127 236Q198 140 287 140Q296 140 308 142V332Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਯ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER YA</span></span> follows a dead consonant, it assumes a different form called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-3qddcq">addha</i> in Punjabi, without the leftmost part, and the dead consonant returns to the nominal form, as shown in <a href="#G71179" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-17</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G71179" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G71179" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-17.</span> Gurmukhi Conjuncts</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0A2E ਮ GURMUKHI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244Q167,181 154,128Q133,45 90,45Q52,45 52,93Q52,114 80.5,187.5Q109,261 109,328Q109,431 82,520L0,520L0,578L121,578Q168,431 169,300L408,300L408,578L563,578L563,520ZM139,520L139,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਮ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A39 ਹ GURMUKHI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 549 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M554,520L459,520L459,124Q459,0 347,0Q274,0 204,37Q134,74 88,133Q45,188 45,252Q45,330 114,330L200,330L200,277L142,277Q105,277 105,247Q105,176 189,114Q268,56 341,56Q398,56 398,109L398,520L0,520L0,578L554,578L554,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਹ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A2E ਮ GURMUKHI LETTER MA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A39 ਹ GURMUKHI LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244Q167,181 154,128Q133,45 90,45Q52,45 52,93Q52,114 80.5,187.5Q109,261 109,328Q109,431 82,520L0,520L0,578L121,578Q168,431 169,300L408,300L408,578L563,578L563,520ZM475,-219Q475,-274 411,-274Q350,-274 310.5,-232Q271,-190 271,-129Q271,-73 316,-73L344,-73L344,-109Q309,-105 309,-131Q309,-173 339,-202.5Q369,-232 410,-232Q435,-232 435,-208L435,-61L475,-61L475,-219ZM139,520L139,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਮ੍ਹ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tsbtq0">(<i>mha</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-105kcpo">pairin ha</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A2A ਪ GURMUKHI LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 564 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M569,520L475,520L475,0L414,0L414,126Q356,81 296,81Q173,81 65,241Q121,305 121,401Q121,467 99,520L0,520L0,578L144,578Q180,473 180,401Q180,307 136,236Q209,142 293,142Q360,142 414,190L414,578L569,578L569,520ZM162,520L162,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਪ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A2A ਪ GURMUKHI LETTER PA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 564 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M647,-262L630,-276Q543,-201 455,-165Q428,-197 381,-197Q348,-197 327,-183Q303,-166 303,-135Q303,-82 372,-82Q394,-82 414,-88L414,126Q356,81 296,81Q173,81 65,241Q121,305 121,401Q121,467 99,520L0,520L0,578L144,578Q180,473 180,401Q180,307 136,236Q209,142 293,142Q360,142 414,190L414,578L569,578L569,520L475,520L475,-117Q560,-169 647,-262ZM162,520L162,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਪ੍ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ggeebf">(<i>pra</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ojzia2">pairin ra</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 640 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,520L550,520L550,245L192,245Q190,154 242.5,100Q295,46 386,46Q455,46 556,103L556,81Q454,4 359,4Q253,4 192,71.5Q131,139 132,245L64,245Q60,262 60,279Q60,342 106,379Q149,414 213,409L213,301L490,301L490,520L0,520L0,578L645,578L645,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਦ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 640 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,520L550,520L550,245L192,245Q190,154 242.5,100Q295,46 386,46Q455,46 556,103L556,81Q454,4 359,4Q253,4 192,71.5Q131,139 132,245L64,245Q60,262 60,279Q60,342 106,379Q149,414 213,409L213,301L490,301L490,520L0,520L0,578L645,578L645,520ZM556,-273L478,-273Q442,-273 417,-252.5Q392,-232 391,-196Q361,-194 342,-178Q320,-160 320,-131Q320,-106 336.5,-91Q353,-76 378,-76L506,-76Q520,-76 523,-61L556,-61L556,-110L401,-110Q362,-110 362,-134Q362,-161 406,-161L556,-161L556,-196L435,-196Q440,-240 489,-240L556,-240L556,-273Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਦ੍ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1sotjl7">(<i>dva</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-13uvh06">pairin va</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 640 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,520L550,520L550,245L192,245Q190,154 242.5,100Q295,46 386,46Q455,46 556,103L556,81Q454,4 359,4Q253,4 192,71.5Q131,139 132,245L64,245Q60,262 60,279Q60,342 106,379Q149,414 213,409L213,301L490,301L490,520L0,520L0,578L645,578L645,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਦ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 652 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M657,520L562,520L562,0L501,0L501,278L369,278L369,106Q331,81 284,81Q221,81 154,131Q98,175 60,237Q108,310 108,398Q108,459 84,520L0,520L0,578L657,578L657,520ZM501,332L501,520L146,520Q167,453 167,398Q167,310 127,236Q198,140 287,140Q296,140 308,142L308,332L501,332Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਯ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1232 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,520L550,520L550,245L192,245Q190,154 242.5,100Q295,46 386,46Q455,46 556,103L556,81Q454,4 359,4Q253,4 192,71.5Q131,139 132,245L64,245Q60,262 60,279Q60,342 106,379Q149,414 213,409L213,301L490,301L490,520L0,520L0,578L645,578L645,520Z" /><path transform="translate(640)" d="M597,520L502,520L502,0L442,0L442,313L328,323L267,73L53,166L53,224L224,150L281,383L442,368L442,520L0,520L0,578L597,578L597,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਦ੍ਯ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-v18e46">(<i>dya</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19qpu4g">addha ya</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>Other letters behaved similarly in old inscriptions, as shown in <a href="#G85156" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-18</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G85156" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G85156" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-18.</span> Additional Pairin and Addha Forms in Gurmukhi</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A17 ਗ GURMUKHI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 641 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M551,520L551,0L490,0L490,520L378,520L378,126Q378,2 273,2Q175,2 109,82Q47,156 47,256Q47,375 184,375L317,375L317,520L0,520L0,578L646,578L646,520L551,520ZM317,322L182,322Q143,322 126,309Q106,294 106,257Q106,182 148,123Q195,58 267,58Q317,58 317,109L317,322Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A17 ਗ GURMUKHI LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM311,-321Q260,-321 225,-279Q193,-240 193,-188Q193,-125 265,-125L334,-125L334,-50L366,-50L366,-256Q366,-321 311,-321ZM334,-153L264,-153Q243,-153 234,-160Q224,-168 224,-187Q224,-226 246,-257Q270,-292 308,-292Q334,-292 334,-265L334,-153ZM425,-322L425,-50L457,-50L457,-322L425,-322Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-6ybm87">(<i>sga</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-g3l86t">pairin ga</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A1A ਚ GURMUKHI LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 592 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M597,578L597,520L502,520L502,129Q502,62 474.5,31.5Q447,1 381,1Q272,1 200,80Q128,159 129,269L70,269Q61,283 61,311Q61,352 88.5,377.5Q116,403 158,403L188,403L188,325L441,325L441,520L0,520L0,578L597,578ZM441,269L190,269Q188,186 244,121.5Q300,57 382,57Q415,57 428,69Q441,81 441,114L441,269Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਚ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A1A ਚ GURMUKHI LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM466,-49L466,-251Q466,-286 452,-301.5Q438,-317 404,-317Q347,-317 310,-276Q273,-235 274,-179L243,-179Q238,-172 238,-157Q238,-136 252.5,-123Q267,-110 289,-110L304,-110L304,-150L435,-150L435,-49L466,-49ZM435,-179L305,-179Q304,-222 333,-255Q362,-288 404,-288Q421,-288 428,-282Q435,-276 435,-259L435,-179Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਚ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1yt02bv">(<i>sca</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1en4nqx">pairin ca</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A1F ਟ GURMUKHI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 543 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M548,578L548,520L454,520L454,326Q424,330 397,330Q194,330 100,179Q230,52 299,52Q359,52 458,130L458,104Q363,4 279,4Q176,4 30,180Q146,389 393,391L393,520L0,520L0,578L548,578Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਟ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A1F ਟ GURMUKHI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM465,-50L465,-150Q449,-148 436,-148Q331,-148 283,-225Q350,-290 385,-290Q416,-290 467,-250L467,-264Q418,-315 375,-315Q322,-315 247,-225Q307,-118 434,-117L434,-50L465,-50Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਟ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1rayzke">(<i>stta</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1sunwb2">pairin tta</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A20 ਠ GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 581 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M586,578L586,520L320,520L320,378Q517,325 517,167Q517,1 294,1Q64,1 64,165Q64,322 260,378L260,520L0,520L0,578L586,578ZM290,329Q221,313 176,278Q119,235 119,172Q119,112 175,83Q217,62 284,62Q462,62 462,172Q462,234 405,278Q359,313 290,329Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਠ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A20 ਠ GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM367,-50L367,-123Q469,-151 469,-232Q469,-318 354,-318Q235,-318 235,-233Q235,-152 336,-123L336,-50L367,-50ZM352,-149Q316,-157 293,-175Q263,-197 263,-230Q263,-261 292,-276Q314,-287 349,-287Q440,-287 440,-230Q440,-198 411,-175Q387,-157 352,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਠ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1gcl1ra">(<i>sttha</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-oygqu4">pairin ttha</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A24 ਤ GURMUKHI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 591 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M596,578L596,520L501,520L501,479Q501,335 411,293Q501,242 501,157Q501,82 431,39Q372,2 292,2Q132,2 40,156L64,156Q101,114 164.5,86Q228,58 285,58Q342,58 387,82Q441,111 441,164Q441,210 399,238Q361,263 313,263Q292,263 250,256Q208,249 186,249Q102,249 102,294Q102,339 197,339Q219,339 262.5,331Q306,323 329,323Q381,323 413,369Q441,410 441,465L441,520L0,520L0,578L596,578Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਤ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A24 ਤ GURMUKHI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM463,-49L463,-70Q463,-145 417,-166Q463,-193 463,-237Q463,-276 427,-298Q397,-317 355,-317Q272,-317 225,-237L237,-237Q256,-259 289,-273.5Q322,-288 352,-288Q381,-288 404,-276Q432,-261 432,-233Q432,-209 411,-195Q391,-182 366,-182Q355,-182 333.5,-185.5Q312,-189 300,-189Q257,-189 257,-166Q257,-143 306,-143Q317,-143 339.5,-147Q362,-151 374,-151Q401,-151 418,-127Q432,-106 432,-77L432,-49L463,-49Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਤ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-119msky">(<i>sta</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-dkgju8">pairin ta</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 640 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M645,578L645,520L550,520L550,245L192,245Q190,154 242.5,100Q295,46 386,46Q455,46 556,103L556,81Q454,4 359,4Q253,4 192,71.5Q131,139 132,245L64,245Q60,262 60,279Q60,342 106,379Q149,414 213,409L213,301L490,301L490,520L0,520L0,578L645,578Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਦ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A26 ਦ GURMUKHI LETTER DA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM465,-50L465,-194L278,-194Q277,-242 304.5,-270Q332,-298 380,-298Q416,-298 469,-268L469,-280Q415,-320 366,-320Q310,-320 278,-284.5Q246,-249 247,-194L211,-194Q209,-185 209,-176Q209,-143 233,-124Q256,-106 289,-108L289,-165L434,-165L434,-50L465,-50Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਦ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-6yacrm">(<i>sda</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1cafbi8">pairin da</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A28 ਨ GURMUKHI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 581 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M587,520L321,520L321,378Q517,323 517,166Q517,95 472,49.5Q427,4 357,4L357,63Q404,65 433.5,93Q463,121 463,167Q463,232 406,277Q361,313 290,329Q119,285 119,168Q119,122 147.5,94Q176,66 223,62L223,3Q151,4 107.5,51Q64,98 64,171Q64,322 261,378L261,520L0,520L0,578L587,578L587,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਨ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A28 ਨ GURMUKHI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM372,-50L372,-123Q473,-152 473,-233Q473,-269 450,-292.5Q427,-316 391,-316L391,-286Q415,-285 430,-270.5Q445,-256 445,-232Q445,-199 416,-175Q393,-157 356,-148Q268,-171 268,-232Q268,-255 282.5,-269.5Q297,-284 321,-286L321,-317Q284,-316 261.5,-292Q239,-268 239,-230Q239,-152 341,-123L341,-50L372,-50Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਨ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-54png4">(<i>sna</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1d3euv2">pairin na</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A25 ਥ GURMUKHI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 564 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M569,578L569,520L475,520L475,0L414,0L414,126Q359,81 298,81Q173,81 65,239Q122,309 122,398Q122,466 95,520L0,520L0,578L569,578ZM414,520L158,520Q181,465 181,396Q181,381 180,369L414,369L414,520ZM414,312L171,312Q157,270 137,236Q207,141 294,141Q350,141 414,189L414,312Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਥ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A25 ਥ GURMUKHI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM434,-49L467,-49L467,-317L434,-317L434,-252Q404,-275 370,-275Q302,-275 243,-194Q274,-158 274,-112Q274,-77 259,-49L294,-49Q306,-77 306,-113L306,-127L434,-127L434,-49ZM434,-156L301,-156Q293,-178 282,-195Q321,-244 368,-244Q399,-244 434,-220L434,-156Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਥ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-jk6nx6">(<i>stha</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-a38xa2">pairin tha</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 652 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M562,520L562,0L501,0L501,278L369,278L369,106Q331,81 284,81Q221,81 154,131Q98,175 60,237Q108,310 108,398Q108,459 84,520L0,520L0,578L657,578L657,520L562,520ZM501,520L146,520Q167,453 167,398Q167,310 127,236Q198,140 287,140Q296,140 308,142L308,332L501,332L501,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਯ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A2F ਯ GURMUKHI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM464,-38L464,-309L432,-309L432,-164L363,-164L363,-254Q343,-267 319,-267Q286,-267 251,-241Q222,-218 202,-186Q227,-148 227,-102Q227,-70 215,-38L247,-38Q258,-73 258,-102Q258,-148 237,-186Q274,-236 320,-236Q325,-236 331,-235L331,-136L432,-136L432,-38L464,-38Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਯ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1qrynm9">(<i>sya</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-bdc9rf">pairin ya</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A25 ਥ GURMUKHI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 564 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M569,578L569,520L475,520L475,0L414,0L414,126Q359,81 298,81Q173,81 65,239Q122,309 122,398Q122,466 95,520L0,520L0,578L569,578ZM414,520L158,520Q181,465 181,396Q181,381 180,369L414,369L414,520ZM414,312L171,312Q157,270 137,236Q207,141 294,141Q350,141 414,189L414,312Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਥ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A25 ਥ GURMUKHI LETTER THA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1010 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L1001,578L1001,520L907,520L907,0L846,0L846,126Q791,81 730,81Q628,81 538,185L579,223Q645,141 726,141Q782,141 846,189L846,312L606,312L612,368L612,369L846,369L846,520L468,520L468,0ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਥ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-jk6nx6">(<i>stha</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ubjpb">addha tha</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A2E ਮ GURMUKHI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244Q167,181 154,128Q133,45 90,45Q52,45 52,93Q52,114 80.5,187.5Q109,261 109,328Q109,431 82,520L0,520L0,578L121,578Q168,431 169,300L408,300L408,578L563,578L563,520ZM139,520L139,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਮ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A2E ਮ GURMUKHI LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 918 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM750,578L905,578L905,520L810,520L810,0L750,0L750,244L522,244L522,300L750,300L750,578Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਮ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-16wfs0t">(<i>sma</i>)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-nfpvzw">addha ma</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>Older texts also exhibit another feature that is not found in modern Gurmukhi—namely, the use of a half- or reduced form for the first consonant of a cluster, whereas the modern practice is to represent the second consonant in a half- or reduced form. Joiners can be used to request this older rendering, as shown in <a href="#G77571" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-19</a>. The reduced form of an initial <span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A30 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 12278 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M545 520H450V135Q450 4 319 4Q211 4 140 76Q69 148 69 257Q69 375 192 375H390V520H0V578H545ZM390 139V318H195Q128 318 128 260Q128 176 181.5 116Q235 56 317 56Q359 56 376 77Q390 95 390 139Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER RA</span></span> is similar to the Devanagari superscript RA (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wy5sma">repha</i>), but this usage is rare, even in older texts.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G77571" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G77571" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-19.</span> Use of Joiners in Gurmukhi</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM467,-273L389,-273Q353,-273 328,-252.5Q303,-232 302,-196Q272,-194 253,-178Q231,-160 231,-131Q231,-106 247.5,-91Q264,-76 289,-76L417,-76Q431,-76 434,-61L467,-61L467,-110L312,-110Q273,-110 273,-134Q273,-161 317,-161L467,-161L467,-196L346,-196Q351,-240 400,-240L467,-240L467,-273Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1iz2964">(<i>sva</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139ZM443,-273L365,-273Q329,-273 304,-252.5Q279,-232 278,-196Q248,-194 229,-178Q207,-160 207,-131Q207,-106 223.5,-91Q240,-76 265,-76L393,-76Q407,-76 410,-61L443,-61L443,-110L288,-110Q249,-110 249,-134Q249,-161 293,-161L443,-161L443,-196L322,-196Q327,-240 376,-240L443,-240L443,-273Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ੍ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-44mmet">(<i>rva</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 831 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M856,520L764,520L764,347L449,347Q380,347 380,287Q380,224 441,224L757,224L757,171L501,171Q583,57 671,57L758,57L729,4L674,4Q519,4 431,170Q321,173 321,285Q321,401 450,401L704,401L704,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L290,300L290,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L856,578L856,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍‍ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1iz2964">(<i>sva</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520ZM328,569Q329,606 331,630Q333,654 336.5,670.5Q340,687 345,698.5Q350,710 357,722Q367,738 375.5,750Q384,762 393,771.5Q402,781 412,790Q422,799 434,809Q442,816 457,821Q472,826 486,826Q493,826 504,824.5Q515,823 525.5,820Q536,817 545,812Q554,807 559,801Q570,786 579,765.5Q588,745 585,713Q582,681 573,663Q564,645 556,636Q548,627 532,619Q516,611 502,611Q493,611 483.5,611Q474,611 464,614Q454,617 445.5,623.5Q437,630 431,642Q425,654 424,661Q423,668 424.5,671.5Q426,675 430,675.5Q434,676 438,676Q445,676 450,673Q455,670 459.5,666Q464,662 469,659Q474,656 482,656Q491,656 504.5,657Q518,658 528,666Q538,674 542.5,687Q547,700 548,711Q549,722 548,732.5Q547,743 541,752Q533,763 522,767Q511,771 490,771Q475,771 460,764Q445,757 431.5,746Q418,735 407.5,722Q397,709 391,697Q384,683 379.5,674.5Q375,666 371,659Q367,652 363.5,644.5Q360,637 355,626L328,569Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ੍‍ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-44mmet">(<i>rva</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 558 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 657,44Q685,44 685,83L685,259L738,259L738,84Q738,1 659,1Q576,1 576,97L576,103L626,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A38 ਸ GURMUKHI LETTER SA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1159 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,578L563,520L468,520L468,0L408,0L408,244L169,244L169,224Q169,171 154,119Q133,45 93,45Q54,45 54,94Q54,116 80,179.5Q106,243 106,280Q106,392 43,520L0,520L0,578L563,578ZM408,520L103,520Q148,436 165,300L408,300L408,520ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /><path transform="translate(558)" d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਸ੍‌ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1iz2964">(<i>sva</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 540 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+094D ◌् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌्</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 657,44Q685,44 685,83L685,259L738,259L738,84Q738,1 659,1Q576,1 576,97L576,103L626,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 601 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA U+0A4D ◌੍ GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0A35 ਵ GURMUKHI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1141 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,520L450,520L450,135Q450,4 319,4Q211,4 140,76.5Q69,149 69,257Q69,375 192,375L390,375L390,520L0,520L0,578L545,578L545,520ZM390,139L390,318L195,318Q128,318 128,260Q128,177 181.5,116.5Q235,56 317,56Q360,56 376,77Q390,95 390,139ZM465,-238L425,-238Q364,-162 319,-134Q262,-98 178,-98L179,-33Q288,-33 352,-88Q393,-123 465,-238Z" /><path transform="translate(540)" d="M606,520L514,520L514,347L199,347Q130,347 130,287Q130,224 191,224L507,224L507,171L251,171Q333,57 421,57L508,57L479,4L424,4Q269,4 181,170Q71,173 71,285Q71,401 200,401L454,401L454,520L0,520L0,578L606,578L606,520Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ੍‌ਵ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-44mmet">(<i>rva</i>)</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>A rendering engine for Gurmukhi should make accommodations for the correct positioning of the combining marks (see <a href="/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-5/#G1095" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 5.13, Rendering Nonspacing Marks</a>, and particularly <a href="/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-5/#G6830" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 5-11</a>). This is important, for example, in the correct centering of the marks above and below <span title="U+0A28 ਨ GURMUKHI LETTER NA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A28 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 13224 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M587 520H321V378Q517 323 517 166Q517 95 472.5 49.5Q428 4 357 4V63Q404 65 433.5 93Q463 121 463 167Q463 232 407 277Q361 313 290 329Q119 285 119 168Q119 122 147.5 94Q176 66 223 62V3Q150 4 107 51Q64 98 64 171Q64 322 261 378V520H0V578H587Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਨ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER NA</span></span> and <span title="U+0A20 ਠ GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A20 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -22528 13201 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M586 520H320V378Q517 325 517 167Q517 1 294 1Q64 1 64 165Q64 322 260 378V520H0V578H586ZM462 172Q462 234 405 278Q360 313 290 329Q221 313 176 278Q119 234 119 172Q119 62 284 62Q462 62 462 172Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਠ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA</span></span>, which are laterally symmetrical. It is also important to avoid collisions between the various upper marks, vowel signs, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lzthwk">bindi</i>, and/or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-iuq41x">addak</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G34805" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34805" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Other Symbols.</span></span> The religious symbol <i data-svelte-h="svelte-18vp5qx">khanda</i> sometimes used in Gurmukhi texts is encoded at <span title="U+262C ☬ ADI SHAKTI" class="svelte-wim892">U+262C <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2189 -22528 13035 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(11 -11)" d="M1237 389Q1196 307 1196 328Q1169 397 1112 451Q1049 510 987 510Q954 510 928 494Q1090 332 1114 182Q1114 168 1082.5 154.5Q1051 141 1030 141Q991 156 987 197Q989 172 989 266Q989 315 930 367Q877 410 823 453Q799 401 799 348Q799 293 864 141Q872 127 872 115Q872 57 772 57Q686 57 657 100Q655 111 655 119Q655 145 688 176Q721 207 721 225Q743 297 743 356Q743 416 721 453Q672 406 625 358Q575 305 575 266Q575 172 578 197Q573 156 535 141Q504 141 477.5 154.5Q451 168 451 182Q475 332 637 494Q604 516 569 516Q508 516 442 446Q420 424 348 328Q199 692 199 946Q199 1315 514 1425Q328 1309 328 1071Q328 897 436 760Q549 616 721 596Q739 596 743 614Q748 627 745 649Q741 680 741 680Q723 698 694 702Q674 707 643 705Q600 700 596 700Q616 721 616 762Q406 913 406 1098Q406 1159 430.5 1216.5Q455 1274 537 1329Q633 1391 657 1425Q657 1477 596 1507Q629 1516 688 1559Q741 1595 776 1595Q788 1595 803 1591Q836 1581 888 1549.5Q940 1518 969 1507Q907 1477 907 1425Q928 1384 1011 1342Q1094 1300 1114 1260Q1165 1157 1165 1079Q1165 1042 1155 1012Q1114 874 928 762Q924 758 924 754Q924 745 938 731Q952 717 952 709Q952 705 948 700Q932 692 874 698Q825 702 803 680Q803 680 799 649Q797 627 801 614Q805 596 823 596Q1243 690 1243 1024Q1243 1153 1190 1264Q1130 1386 1030 1425Q1384 1321 1384 938Q1384 682 1237 389ZM596 907Q596 907 637 866Q702 963 702 1104Q702 1219 657 1321Q504 1245 504 1094Q504 977 596 907ZM887 907Q889 893 891 879.5Q893 866 907 866Q1059 915 1059 1092Q1059 1124 1051 1155Q1032 1247 887 1321Q854 1212 854 1114Q854 1016 887 907Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">☬</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ADI SHAKTI</span></span> in the Miscellaneous Symbols block. <span title="U+0A74 ੴ GURMUKHI EK ONKAR" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A74 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="180 -22528 24826 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M787 521Q790 507 791 490Q792 473 792 457Q792 422 785 391Q778 360 764 334.5Q750 309 730 291Q710 273 681 264V262Q716 234 731.5 202Q747 170 747 134Q747 101 736 76.5Q725 52 705.5 35Q686 18 661.5 9Q637 0 609 0Q575 0 546 12.5Q517 25 493.5 47Q470 69 450.5 98.5Q431 128 417.5 162.5Q404 197 393 234Q382 271 375.5 307Q369 343 366 378.5Q363 414 363 443Q363 507 377 557Q391 607 417 640Q443 673 482.5 689.5Q522 706 572 706Q625 706 664.5 689Q704 672 730 643Q747 676 767 699.5Q787 723 811.5 737.5Q836 752 865 759Q894 766 926 766Q966 766 996 756.5Q1026 747 1048.5 731Q1071 715 1086 692.5Q1101 670 1110 646H1050Q1046 659 1036.5 671Q1027 683 1012.5 693.5Q998 704 977.5 709.5Q957 715 930 715Q895 715 869 706Q843 697 823.5 680Q804 663 790.5 639.5Q777 616 769 586H707Q698 603 685.5 615Q673 627 656 636.5Q639 646 618 651Q597 656 572 656Q539 656 513.5 646.5Q488 637 470 619.5Q452 602 441.5 577Q431 552 426 521ZM363 2Q356 1 350 0.5Q344 0 339 0Q313 0 295.5 6.5Q278 13 266.5 27.5Q255 42 249.5 65.5Q244 89 244 125Q244 158 247.5 196Q251 234 255 272Q233 263 208.5 258Q184 253 159 253Q131 253 103.5 260.5Q76 268 54.5 284.5Q33 301 20.5 326.5Q8 352 8 385Q8 419 20.5 445.5Q33 472 55 490.5Q77 509 106.5 518.5Q136 528 169 528Q201 528 228.5 519Q256 510 276 491Q296 472 307.5 442.5Q319 413 319 370Q319 348 316 319Q313 290 310 257Q307 224 304 188Q301 152 301 114Q301 97 303 84Q305 71 311 63.5Q317 56 329.5 52Q342 48 363 48ZM607 304Q642 304 667 315.5Q692 327 707 346.5Q722 366 728.5 393.5Q735 421 735 453Q735 460 734.5 464.5Q734 469 734 471H421Q420 466 420 460Q420 454 420 453Q420 418 423 381.5Q426 345 435 304ZM610 52Q626 52 640 56.5Q654 61 666 71Q678 81 684 96.5Q690 112 690 132Q690 159 679 181.5Q668 204 650 218.5Q632 233 608 242Q584 251 558 251H447Q457 211 472 175Q487 139 507 111.5Q527 84 553 68Q579 52 610 52ZM263 370Q263 392 257.5 412Q252 432 240 447Q228 462 209 470.5Q190 479 166 479Q143 479 125 472Q107 465 93 453Q79 441 71.5 424.5Q64 408 64 387Q64 365 72 349.5Q80 334 93.5 323.5Q107 313 124.5 308.5Q142 304 163 304Q187 304 213 310.5Q239 317 261 332Q263 354 263 370Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ੴ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GURMUKHI EK ONKAR</span></span>, which is also a religious symbol, can have different presentation forms, which do not change its meaning. The representative glyph shown the code charts is a simple form that looks like the digit one, followed by a sign based on <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cw5o04">ura</i>, along with a long upper tail; other forms may be highly stylized.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G34627" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34627" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Gurmukhi are found in the Devanagari block. See <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>, for more information. Punjabi also uses Latin punctuation.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G34334" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G34334" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.4 Gujarati</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11129" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11129" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.4.1 Gujarati: U+0A80–U+0AFF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1jdq5o3">The Gujarati script is a North Indian script closely related to Devanagari. It is most obviously distinguished from Devanagari by not having a horizontal bar for its letterforms, a characteristic of the older Kaithi script to which Gujarati is related. The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati language of the Gujarat state in India.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72068" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72068" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G683531" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-20</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G683531" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G683531" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-20.</span> Gujarati Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A86 આ GUJARATI LETTER AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1044 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M869,610L886,610L944,552L944,49Q944,20 966,20Q1002,20 1002,122L1062,62Q1040,0 969,0Q927,0 898,33.5Q869,67 869,110L869,610ZM606,608L619,608L681,550L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">આ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1mn73sj">0A86</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-n6cv91"><0A85, 0ABE></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A8D ઍ GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 781 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M756,710Q732,695 696,695Q582,695 329,881L365,881Q533,757 626,757Q670,757 704,784L756,710ZM606,608L619,608L681,550L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઍ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lizd6p">0A8D</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tqlaj8"><0A85, 0AC5></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A8F એ GUJARATI LETTER E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 781 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,601L533,703Q497,752 478,770Q441,806 403,806Q387,806 364,799L327,874Q348,882 363,882Q428,882 509,771L681,535L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">એ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-184z2gz">0A8F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-bdtla6"><0A85, 0AC7></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A90 ઐ GUJARATI LETTER AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 781 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,592L494,708Q445,759 399,759Q378,759 354,748L324,828Q348,839 365,839Q402,839 457,781L654,573L610,733Q590,805 551,805Q536,805 513,792L478,874Q503,882 523,882Q590,882 619,779L681,553L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઐ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-kams9o">0A90</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-13sojgz"><0A85, 0AC8></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A91 ઑ GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1044 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1019,710Q995,695 959,695Q845,695 592,881L628,881Q795,757 889,757Q933,757 967,784L1019,710ZM869,610L886,610L944,552L944,49Q944,20 966,20Q1002,20 1002,122L1062,62Q1040,0 969,0Q927,0 898,33.5Q869,67 869,110L869,610ZM606,608L619,608L681,550L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઑ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zfdhav">0A91</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-lvueew"><0A85, 0AC9></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A93 ઓ GUJARATI LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1044 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1062,62Q1040,0 969,0Q927,0 898,33.5Q869,67 869,110L869,601L796,703Q762,750 741,770Q704,806 666,806Q649,806 627,799L590,874Q610,882 626,882Q691,882 772,771L944,535L944,49Q944,20 966,20Q1002,20 1002,122L1062,62ZM606,608L619,608L681,550L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Q782,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,321 56,337.5Q68,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q186,336 221,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q216,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,257 410,313Q372,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-m1iaa9">0A93</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-i1lpry"><0A85, 0ACB> or <0A85, 0ABE, 0AC5></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0A94 ઔ GUJARATI LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1044 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1062,62Q1039,0 969,0Q926,0 897.5,33.5Q869,67 869,110L869,592L757,708Q708,759 662,759Q642,759 617,748L587,828Q611,839 628,839Q665,839 720,781L917,573L873,733Q853,805 814,805Q799,805 776,792L741,874Q767,882 786,882Q854,882 882,779L944,553L944,49Q944,20 966,20Q1002,20 1002,122L1062,62ZM606,608L619,608L681,550L681,85Q681,20 709,20Q743,20 743,126L803,67Q794,37 769.5,18.5Q745,0 714,0Q670,0 638,37Q606,74 606,119L606,285Q565,274 533,274Q509,274 488,280Q471,215 431,172Q384,123 323,123Q220,123 155,236Q139,230 124,230Q93,230 68.5,249.5Q44,269 44,299Q44,354 90,354Q121,354 144,321Q185,336 220.5,381Q256,426 256,469Q256,505 233.5,529.5Q211,554 176,554Q133,554 79,518L36,593Q75,608 110,608Q189,608 239.5,553Q290,498 290,419Q290,361 260,312Q230,263 179,241Q215,184 278,184Q331,184 367,223Q399,258 410,313Q371,343 372,378Q372,405 387.5,423.5Q403,442 430,442Q464,442 483,406Q498,377 498,340Q498,323 495,307Q540,314 606,370L606,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-erlut4">0A94</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-2jzp6y"><0A85, 0ACC> or <0A85, 0ABE, 0AC8></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0AC9 ◌ૉ GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 788 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M610,606Q586,591 550,591Q436,591 183,777L219,777Q386,653 480,653Q524,653 558,680L610,606ZM557,541L574,541L632,483L632,-20Q632,-49 654,-49Q690,-49 690,53L750,-7Q728,-69 657,-69Q615,-69 585,-34Q557,-2 557,41L557,541ZM94,245Q73,245 73,265Q73,285 94,285Q114,285 114,265Q114,245 94,245ZM88,337Q88,357 108,357Q128,357 128,337Q128,316 109,316Q88,316 88,337ZM128,397Q128,418 148,418Q169,418 169,398Q169,378 148,378Q128,378 128,397ZM189,438Q189,459 209,459Q230,459 230,438Q230,418 209,418Q189,418 189,438ZM261,453Q261,473 281,473Q301,473 301,453Q301,432 281,432Q261,432 261,453ZM353,459Q373,459 373,438Q373,418 353,418Q332,418 332,438Q332,459 353,459ZM414,418Q434,418 434,398Q434,378 414,378Q393,378 393,398Q393,418 414,418ZM455,357Q475,357 475,337Q475,316 454,316Q434,316 434,337Q434,357 455,357ZM469,285Q489,285 489,265Q489,245 469,245Q448,245 448,265Q448,285 469,285ZM475,193Q475,173 454,173Q434,173 434,193Q434,214 454,214Q475,214 475,193ZM434,132Q434,112 414,112Q394,112 394,132Q394,153 414,153Q434,153 434,132ZM373,92Q373,72 353,72Q333,72 333,92Q333,113 353,113Q373,113 373,92ZM301,78Q301,57 281,57Q261,57 261,78Q261,98 281,98Q301,98 301,78ZM209,72Q189,72 189,92Q189,113 209,113Q230,113 230,93Q230,72 209,72ZM149,112Q128,112 128,132Q128,153 148,153Q169,153 169,132Q169,112 149,112ZM108,173Q88,173 88,193Q88,214 108,214Q128,214 128,193Q128,173 108,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ૉ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-65fysh">0AC9</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-7m6h0e"><0AC5, 0ABE></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G682376" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G682376" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Behavior.</span></span> For rendering of the Gujarati script, see the rules for rendering in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>. Like other Brahmic scripts in the Unicode Standard, Gujarati uses the virama to form conjunct characters. The virama is informally called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1veb98m">khoḍo</i>, which means “lame” in Gujarati. Many conjunct characters, as in Devanagari, lose the vertical stroke; there are also vertical conjuncts. <span title="U+0AB0 ર GUJARATI LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AB0 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI LETTER RA</span></span> takes special forms when it combines with other consonants, as shown in <a href="#G36454" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-21</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G36454" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36454" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-21.</span> Gujarati Conjuncts</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 413 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,354L264,284Q350,178 350,104Q350,51 309,23Q274,0 218,0Q123,0 55,74L55,97Q114,49 174,49Q225,50 256.5,77.5Q288,105 288,155Q288,210 243,274L86,199L35,250L202,330Q154,393 142,412Q111,464 111,507Q111,567 198,610L251,556Q210,534 194,514Q174,489 174,448Q174,405 221,339L359,405L411,354Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ક</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0AB7 ષ GUJARATI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 507 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M528,61Q495,0 435,0Q386,0 358,40Q334,75 334,126L334,216Q294,192 241,192Q177,192 126,250Q75,308 75,372L75,608L90,608L334,291L334,608L349,608L407,551L407,74Q407,21 431,21Q466,21 466,122L528,61ZM311,290L149,500L149,285Q149,232 189,232Q226,232 311,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ષ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0AB7 ષ GUJARATI LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 618 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,61Q605,0 550,0Q501,0 473,36Q445,72 445,122L445,341Q406,334 379,334Q303,334 237,370Q100,301 100,226Q100,182 131,158Q159,135 204,135Q231,135 247,139Q237,167 237,189Q237,250 284,250Q307,250 322,235Q337,220 337,197Q337,154 274,126Q309,74 309,46Q309,13 294,0L221,50Q249,75 249,108L249,120Q235,114 205,114Q146,114 101.5,152.5Q57,191 57,250Q57,345 162,413Q96,465 96,517Q96,608 204,608Q257,608 290.5,578Q324,548 325,496Q325,456 309,431Q296,410 260,383Q272,377 294,377Q369,377 445,440L445,608L457,608L518,547L518,61Q518,21 542,21Q574,21 578,122L638,61ZM282,530Q282,554 266,570.5Q250,587 226,587Q195,587 173,556Q151,525 151,493Q151,452 180,425Q282,474 282,530Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ક્ષ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-uply37">(<i>kṣa</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A9C જ GUJARATI LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 811 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M791,489L620,295Q679,211 679,126Q679,71 649,37Q617,0 563,0Q503,0 471,41Q441,78 441,139Q441,201 516,286L566,342Q446,496 304,496Q241,496 180,460Q241,431 283,386Q335,331 335,274Q335,220 298.5,187Q262,154 208,154Q132,154 88,216Q50,270 50,350Q50,439 118,506Q186,573 275,573Q374,573 454,508Q507,464 581,359L791,599L791,489ZM629,167Q629,223 605,279L562,230Q477,134 477,85Q477,59 494,43Q511,27 538,27Q584,27 609,76Q629,116 629,167ZM263,290Q263,393 165,447Q90,383 90,292Q90,250 112,219Q136,184 176,184Q217,184 241,217Q263,247 263,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">જ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A9E ઞ GUJARATI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 651 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M669,64Q652,0 579,0Q525,0 499,46Q477,83 477,141L477,267Q393,267 343,319Q333,259 300,218Q262,170 206,170Q91,170 25,365L41,372Q100,242 180,242Q241,242 273,306Q298,356 298,425Q298,477 278,519Q253,572 206,572Q152,572 90,510L52,580Q99,608 150,608Q245,608 298,532Q346,465 346,367Q345,362 344,341Q370,321 396,321Q442,321 477,386L477,608L492,608L551,550L551,63Q551,21 574,21Q604,21 611,119L669,64Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ઞ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A9C જ GUJARATI LETTER JA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A9E ઞ GUJARATI LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 616 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M636,62Q611,0 545,0Q494,0 467,39Q443,73 443,126L443,372Q383,381 285,452Q193,518 154,518Q123,518 101.5,499Q80,480 80,450Q80,369 184,369L223,369Q276,369 310,338.5Q344,308 344,256Q344,199 309,158.5Q274,118 218,111Q237,73 302,73Q320,73 342,75L369,0Q297,0 261,21Q221,43 197,107L182,107Q143,107 115,122Q79,140 79,175Q79,195 93.5,209.5Q108,224 129,224Q165,224 190,181Q238,184 274,199Q324,220 324,260Q323,296 275,296L203,296Q137,296 98.5,331Q60,366 60,431Q60,493 92,533Q127,577 188,577Q222,577 307,519Q392,461 443,461L443,608L455,608L516,548L516,77Q516,21 540,21Q559,21 569,58Q576,84 576,110L576,122L636,62Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">જ્ઞ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1k4jv2g">(<i>jña</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0AA4 ત GUJARATI LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 534 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M554,61Q526,0 465,0Q411,0 383,44Q360,81 360,139L360,326L276,326Q211,326 164,294Q110,257 110,195Q110,129 182,57L168,45Q60,138 60,232Q60,311 116,356Q168,397 249,397L360,397L360,608L372,608L434,547L434,66Q434,21 457,21Q490,21 495,121L554,61Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ત</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0AAF ય GUJARATI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 493 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M514,65Q485,0 421,0Q372,0 344,42Q320,78 320,130L320,271Q265,236 215,236Q150,236 101,276Q52,316 40,380Q140,425 140,496Q140,550 82,581Q62,591 62,597Q62,608 97,608Q145,608 176,573Q207,538 207,489Q207,378 85,320Q129,266 181,266Q258,266 320,390L320,608L333,608L393,548L393,65Q393,21 417,21Q450,21 454,121L514,65Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ય</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0AA4 ત GUJARATI LETTER TA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0AAF ય GUJARATI LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 833 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M350,326L276,326Q211,326 164,294Q110,257 110,195Q110,129 182,57L168,45Q60,138 60,232Q60,311 116,356Q168,397 249,397L350,397L350,326Z" /><path transform="translate(340)" d="M514,65Q485,0 421,0Q372,0 344,42Q320,78 320,130L320,271Q265,236 215,236Q150,236 101,276Q52,316 40,380Q140,425 140,496Q140,550 82,581Q62,591 62,597Q62,608 97,608Q145,608 176,573Q207,538 207,489Q207,378 85,320Q129,266 181,266Q258,266 320,390L320,608L333,608L393,548L393,65Q393,21 417,21Q450,21 454,121L514,65Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ત્ય</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rbfpqe">(<i>tya</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A9F ટ GUJARATI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 453 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M460,68Q354,0 253,0Q167,0 114,39Q55,83 55,165Q55,246 103,293Q139,327 227,363Q368,419 368,486Q368,519 340.5,538Q313,557 278,557Q226,557 157,523L94,586Q157,610 219,610Q298,610 343,571Q392,529 392,452Q392,341 246,281Q167,248 140,231Q79,191 79,140Q79,98 109,75.5Q139,53 182,53Q278,53 391,136L460,68Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ટ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A9F ટ GUJARATI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 453 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M460,68Q354,0 253,0Q167,0 114,39Q55,83 55,165Q55,246 103,293Q139,327 227,363Q368,419 368,486Q368,519 340.5,538Q313,557 278,557Q226,557 157,523L94,586Q157,610 219,610Q298,610 343,571Q392,529 392,452Q392,341 246,281Q167,248 140,231Q79,191 79,140Q79,98 109,75.5Q139,53 182,53Q278,53 391,136L460,68Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ટ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A9F ટ GUJARATI LETTER TTA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A9F ટ GUJARATI LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 466 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M448,-229Q344,-284 255,-284Q179,-284 125,-248Q63,-208 63,-135Q63,-79 107,-43Q135,-19 201,7Q355,67 355,120Q355,123 354,131Q290,118 249,118Q178,118 124,152Q60,191 60,259Q60,346 166,392.5Q272,439 273,439Q351,480 351,517Q351,540 331,554Q311,568 287,568Q238,568 174,530L111,582Q171,610 230,610Q292,610 337,577Q386,540 386,480Q386,416 303,367Q287,358 165,306Q90,274 90,232Q90,196 124,176Q152,160 190,160Q277,160 389,235L445,171Q408,149 374,138Q386,112 386,81Q386,24 331,-16Q298,-40 225,-68Q161,-93 144,-102Q92,-131 92,-166Q92,-202 126,-223Q156,-242 193,-242Q278,-242 390,-164L448,-229Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ટ્ટ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-192oqor">(<i>ṭṭa</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0AB0 ર GUJARATI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 392 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,8Q391,-2 345,-2Q277,-2 230,73Q209,107 173,208Q149,202 131,202Q96,202 72,220Q45,241 45,274Q45,300 61,316Q77,332 103,332Q143,332 167,292Q303,365 303,464Q303,506 272.5,533Q242,560 200,560Q147,560 93,511L49,594Q102,609 135,609Q221,609 277.5,557Q334,505 334,420Q334,353 295.5,297Q257,241 194,215Q233,72 325,72Q360,72 390,89L411,8Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ર</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 413 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,354L264,284Q350,178 350,104Q350,51 309,23Q274,0 218,0Q123,0 55,74L55,97Q114,49 174,49Q225,50 256.5,77.5Q288,105 288,155Q288,210 243,274L86,199L35,250L202,330Q154,393 142,412Q111,464 111,507Q111,567 198,610L251,556Q210,534 194,514Q174,489 174,448Q174,405 221,339L359,405L411,354Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ક</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0AB0 ર GUJARATI LETTER RA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 413 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M358,858L351,841Q298,853 252,853Q211,853 182,837Q145,817 145,779Q145,702 272,691L265,670Q198,670 140,696Q66,729 66,789Q66,838 111,864Q148,884 201,884Q267,884 358,858ZM411,354L264,284Q350,178 350,104Q350,51 309,23Q274,0 218,0Q123,0 55,74L55,97Q114,49 174,49Q225,50 256.5,77.5Q288,105 288,155Q288,210 243,274L86,199L35,250L202,330Q154,393 142,412Q111,464 111,507Q111,567 198,610L251,556Q210,534 194,514Q174,489 174,448Q174,405 221,339L359,405L411,354Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ર્ક</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1m3jqyi">(<i>rka</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 413 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,354L264,284Q350,178 350,104Q350,51 309,23Q274,0 218,0Q123,0 55,74L55,97Q114,49 174,49Q225,50 256.5,77.5Q288,105 288,155Q288,210 243,274L86,199L35,250L202,330Q154,393 142,412Q111,464 111,507Q111,567 198,610L251,556Q210,534 194,514Q174,489 174,448Q174,405 221,339L359,405L411,354Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ક</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM465,-249L432,-249Q357,-182 311,-152Q232,-100 169,-100Q128,-100 86,-126L35,-50Q69,-36 105,-36Q185,-36 299,-114Q353,-151 465,-249Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">્</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0AB0 ર GUJARATI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 392 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,8Q391,-2 345,-2Q277,-2 230,73Q209,107 173,208Q149,202 131,202Q96,202 72,220Q45,241 45,274Q45,300 61,316Q77,332 103,332Q143,332 167,292Q303,365 303,464Q303,506 272.5,533Q242,560 200,560Q147,560 93,511L49,594Q102,609 135,609Q221,609 277.5,557Q334,505 334,420Q334,353 295.5,297Q257,241 194,215Q233,72 325,72Q360,72 390,89L411,8Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ર</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0A95 ક GUJARATI LETTER KA U+0ACD ◌્ GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA U+0AB0 ર GUJARATI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 452 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M251,608L312,553Q187,505 187,432Q187,381 230,342L399,417L451,367L281,292Q408,178 409,106Q409,50 356,22Q314,0 253,0Q155,0 55,73L55,97Q130,48 206,48Q263,48 302,72Q347,101 347,155Q346,188 327,215L227,102L172,135L282,260L261,284L85,206L31,254L208,334Q130,404 130,466Q130,550 251,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ક્ર</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19wk7l4">(<i>kra</i>)</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G724935" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G724935" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Marks for Transliteration of Arabic.</span></span> The combining marks encoded in the range U+0AFA..U+0AFF are used for the transliteration of the Arabic script into Gujarati. This system of transliteration was devised in the late 19th century, and is used by Ismaili Khoja communities. These marks occur both in manuscripts and in printed materials.</p> <p>The three forms of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-qtwjqt">nukta </i>encoded in the range U+0AFD..U+0AFF are diacritics, placed above regular Gujarati letters to create new letters corresponding to Arabic letters for non-Gujarati sounds. <span title="U+0AFF ◌૿ GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFF <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE</span></span> is used only with <span title="U+0A9D ઝ GUJARATI LETTER JHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A9D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI LETTER JHA</span></span>, to transliterate the Arabic <i data-svelte-h="svelte-8e1hwd">zah</i>. <span title="U+0AFE ◌૾ GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFE <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE</span></span> is used with <span title="U+0A9D ઝ GUJARATI LETTER JHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0A9D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI LETTER JHA</span></span> to transliterate the Arabic <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1nkl657">thal</i> and with <span title="U+0AB8 સ GUJARATI LETTER SA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AB8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI LETTER SA</span></span> to transliterate the Arabic <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1d58qmz">theh</i>. <span title="U+0AFD ◌૽ GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFD <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE</span></span> occurs with a number of different Gujarati letters, to transliterate a variety of Arabic letters.</p> <p><span title="U+0AFA ◌ૺ GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFA <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN</span></span>, <span title="U+0AFB ◌ૻ GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFB <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA</span></span>, and <span title="U+0AFC ◌ૼ GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH" class="svelte-wim892">U+0AFC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH</span></span> are used to transliterate the Arabic <i data-svelte-h="svelte-18ueevs">sukun</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1erqrx3">shadda</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-ck7yw6">maddah above</i>, respectively. These marks may be applied to a Gujarati letter which also uses one of the three above-base <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> diacritic marks. In such cases, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> occurs first in the combining sequence, followed by the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-18ueevs">sukun</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1erqrx3">shadda</i>, or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eh7u5x">maddah</i> mark. However, instead of being rendered above the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> mark on the letter, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-18ueevs">sukun</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1erqrx3">shadda</i>, or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eh7u5x">maddah</i> mark is rendered to the left of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> mark.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G38769" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G38769" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Words in Gujarati are separated by spaces. Danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Gujarati are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G10153" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10153" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.5 Oriya (Odia)</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11130" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11130" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.5.1 Oriya: U+0B00–U+0B7F</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1af9p1p">The Oriya script is used to write the Odia language of the Odisha (Orissa) state in India, as well as minority languages such as Khondi and Santali.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-syu3aa">Languages and scripts can be referred to in many different ways, and these terms may evolve over time. The Oriya script is an example of this: The preferred Latin transcription used in India for this script has shifted to the spelling Odia (as shown, for example, by changes to the Indian constitution). The Unicode Standard retains the traditional English spelling Oriya in discussion, to minimize the potential for confusion when referring to immutable, standardized character names in the standard, which were assigned long ago.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G10155" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10155" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Special Characters.</span></span> <span title="U+0B57 ◌ୗ ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B57 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK</span></span> is provided as an encoding for the right side of the surroundrant vowel <span title="U+0B4C ◌ୌ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B4C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU</span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72083" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72083" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G72149" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-22</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G72149" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72149" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-22.</span> Oriya Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0B06 ଆ ORIYA LETTER AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 585 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M458,0L412,0L412,81Q389,51 344,28Q284,-3 219,-3Q141,-3 84,37Q20,82 20,156Q20,217 71,258Q108,288 185,317Q220,330 250,354Q296,391 296,429Q296,494 243,494Q218,494 205,479Q202,475 195,463L195,392L150,392L150,461Q138,496 98,496Q74,496 59.5,478.5Q45,461 45,436Q45,399 73,388Q80,385 102,383L102,342Q57,342 28.5,367Q0,392 0,436Q0,478 28.5,507.5Q57,537 99,537Q142,537 173,508Q202,537 250,537Q292,537 316.5,505Q341,473 341,430Q341,372 295,333Q274,315 206,280Q174,264 111,232Q66,200 66,147Q66,97 124,66Q173,40 225,40Q290,40 347,76Q412,117 412,178L412,530L458,530L458,0ZM556,0L510,0L510,530L556,530L556,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଆ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-vm50pm">0B06</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-de6538"><0B05, 0B3E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0B10 ଐ ORIYA LETTER AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 716 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M687,606Q687,576 669,546Q663,536 650,521L650,0L604,0L604,276Q581,254 545,254Q522,254 501,267Q493,272 484,281L484,0L421,0L-26,378L39,378L439,44L439,458L417,447Q376,426 347,401Q341,396 330,386Q358,372 358,340Q358,317 343.5,301Q329,285 306,285Q280,285 262.5,300.5Q245,316 245,342Q245,379 281,410Q288,415 311,433Q352,465 418,499Q474,528 484,530L484,424L509,418Q504,404 501,392Q493,361 493,344Q493,324 508.5,310.5Q524,297 545,297Q587,297 604,325L604,519Q615,535 621,546Q638,578 638,600Q638,625 613,638Q593,649 566,649Q551,649 490,635Q459,628 431,628Q393,628 346,646L366,689Q384,675 449,675Q479,675 505,680Q573,693 584,693Q627,693 656,672Q687,648 687,606Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଐ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17h4dvl">0B10</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-yjr4y1"><0B0F, 0B57></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0B14 ଔ ORIYA LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 626 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M600,606Q600,585 590,560Q579,532 564,521L564,0L518,0L518,114Q513,109 494,103Q475,97 468,97Q452,97 434,103Q428,105 418,110Q400,71 383,53Q330,-5 244,-5Q115,-5 52,85Q-1,162 -1,296Q-1,383 39,465Q52,493 79,530L137,530Q94,487 69.5,422.5Q45,358 45,296Q45,44 241,44Q299,44 334,69Q374,97 374,153Q374,199 345.5,229.5Q317,260 272,260Q252,260 229,244Q206,228 195,210L160,247Q207,304 266,304Q313,304 340.5,332Q368,360 368,407Q368,438 353,462Q335,490 305,490Q282,490 265,477Q248,464 248,441Q247,437 247,429Q247,406 260,393L212,367Q193,396 193,429Q193,474 226.5,505.5Q260,537 305,537Q358,537 388,500Q418,463 418,409Q418,375 400,337Q379,294 350,286Q361,280 369,274Q389,259 394,242L403,269L445,251Q439,240 434,229Q422,201 422,187Q422,141 466,141Q487,141 509,154Q509,154 518,160L518,530Q532,545 536,551Q554,577 554,600Q554,646 480,646Q460,646 435,640Q376,626 343,626Q312,626 284,635Q275,638 261,645L279,687Q319,671 350,671Q381,671 451,685Q486,692 505,692Q543,692 571.5,667.5Q600,643 600,606Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1npoli5">0B14</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-17h7ub"><0B13, 0B57></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72179" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72179" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Behavior.</span></span> For rendering of the Oriya script, see the rules for rendering in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>. Like other Brahmic scripts in the Unicode Standard, Oriya uses the virama to suppress the inherent vowel. Oriya has a visible virama, often being a lengthening of a part of the base consonant:</p> <blockquote><p id="G36817"><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୍</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM600,-212L567,-212L427,0L475,0L600,-212ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ୍</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l5wx3">k</i>)</p></blockquote> <p>The virama is also used to form conjunct consonants, as shown in <a href="#G36569" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-23</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G36569" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36569" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-23.</span> Oriya Conjuncts</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B37 ଷ ORIYA LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M516,0L468,0L468,126Q444,85 399,48Q340,0 283,0Q208,0 163.5,47Q119,94 119,169Q119,215 132,244Q83,265 56.5,310.5Q30,356 30,411Q30,501 104,559Q172,612 264,612Q335,612 402,569Q446,541 468,511L468,612L516,612L516,0ZM468,200L468,403Q468,464 395,516Q327,564 264,564Q212,564 168,542L468,200ZM268,354L127,515Q78,471 78,411Q78,370 99,333Q124,289 162,288L268,354ZM439,159L301,317L214,264Q167,235 167,169Q167,116 198.5,82Q230,48 283,48Q352,48 439,159Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଷ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B37 ଷ ORIYA LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 592 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M562,0L514,0L514,126Q496,90 447,50Q386,0 329,0Q254,0 209.5,47Q165,94 165,169Q165,192 167,207L112,172Q116,161 116,147Q116,89 66,89Q53,89 41.5,103.5Q30,118 30,132Q30,177 109,226L156,255Q76,308 76,411Q76,501 150,559Q218,612 310,612Q381,612 448,569Q492,541 514,511L514,612L562,612L562,0ZM514,216L514,403Q514,464 441,516Q373,564 310,564Q260,564 214,542L509,206Q511,210 514,216ZM313,354L173,515Q124,471 124,411Q124,370 145,333Q170,289 208,288L313,354ZM482,162L345,318L260,265Q213,236 213,169Q213,116 244.5,82Q276,48 329,48Q407,48 482,162Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ୍ଷ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-uply37">(<i>kṣa</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M536,351Q536,292 512,254L468,273Q488,302 488,353Q488,437 429,500.5Q370,564 287,564Q198,564 138,503Q78,442 78,353Q78,283 112,260Q138,321 222,355L255,322Q208,308 176,271Q144,234 144,187Q144,132 173,92Q206,48 259,48Q307,48 333,83Q356,114 356,163Q356,170 353,185Q343,180 321,174Q297,173 279,190Q261,207 261,231Q261,248 277,267.5Q293,287 309,287Q353,287 381,241Q404,201 404,154Q404,93 365,47Q323,0 263,0Q186,0 141.5,51Q97,102 97,180Q97,197 99,209Q30,250 30,351Q30,459 102.5,535.5Q175,612 283,612Q391,612 463.5,535.5Q536,459 536,351Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ତ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 663 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M653,196Q653,104 511,47Q395,0 263,0Q206,0 129,14L129,62Q185,48 260,48Q338,48 418,69Q506,92 565,131Q540,132 522,159Q505,183 505,209Q505,266 556,284Q572,322 572,357Q572,455 490,513Q417,564 315,564Q223,564 156,523Q78,474 78,387Q78,345 110,310Q143,368 202,368Q251,368 285,324Q318,368 368,368Q414,368 444.5,331.5Q475,295 475,248L475,107L427,107L427,247Q427,274 410.5,297Q394,320 368,320Q342,320 325.5,297Q309,274 309,248L309,107L261,107L261,150Q234,129 202,129Q154,129 124.5,164Q95,199 95,248L95,255Q30,314 30,387Q30,495 122,558Q202,612 315,612Q433,612 520,550Q620,478 620,357Q620,323 606,283Q653,265 653,196ZM605,209Q605,240 579,240Q553,240 553,208Q553,177 580,177Q605,177 605,209ZM261,248Q261,274 244.5,297Q228,320 202,320Q176,320 159.5,297Q143,274 143,248Q143,222 160,199.5Q177,177 202,177Q227,177 244,199.5Q261,222 261,248Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ୍ତ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-yxnve">(<i>kta</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M536,351Q536,292 512,254L468,273Q488,302 488,353Q488,437 429,500.5Q370,564 287,564Q198,564 138,503Q78,442 78,353Q78,283 112,260Q138,321 222,355L255,322Q208,308 176,271Q144,234 144,187Q144,132 173,92Q206,48 259,48Q307,48 333,83Q356,114 356,163Q356,170 353,185Q343,180 321,174Q297,173 279,190Q261,207 261,231Q261,248 277,267.5Q293,287 309,287Q353,287 381,241Q404,201 404,154Q404,93 365,47Q323,0 263,0Q186,0 141.5,51Q97,102 97,180Q97,197 99,209Q30,250 30,351Q30,459 102.5,535.5Q175,612 283,612Q391,612 463.5,535.5Q536,459 536,351Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ତ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,397Q540,363 528,333L483,347Q492,373 492,397Q492,472 424,520Q363,564 285,564Q208,564 146,520Q78,471 78,397Q78,345 110,310Q143,368 202,368Q251,368 285,324Q318,368 368,368Q414,368 444.5,331.5Q475,295 475,248L475,107L427,107L427,247Q427,274 410.5,297Q394,320 368,320Q342,320 325.5,297Q309,274 309,248L309,107L261,107L261,150Q234,129 202,129Q189,129 177,132L131,78L476,48L476,0L41,45L132,156Q95,198 95,248L95,255Q30,314 30,397Q30,493 112,555Q187,612 285,612Q383,612 458,555Q540,493 540,397ZM261,248Q261,274 244.5,297Q228,320 202,320Q176,320 159.5,297Q143,274 143,248Q143,222 160,199.5Q177,177 202,177Q227,177 244,199.5Q261,222 261,248Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ତ୍କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ee03x0">(<i>tka</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M536,351Q536,292 512,254L468,273Q488,302 488,353Q488,437 429,500.5Q370,564 287,564Q198,564 138,503Q78,442 78,353Q78,283 112,260Q138,321 222,355L255,322Q208,308 176,271Q144,234 144,187Q144,132 173,92Q206,48 259,48Q307,48 333,83Q356,114 356,163Q356,170 353,185Q343,180 321,174Q297,173 279,190Q261,207 261,231Q261,248 277,267.5Q293,287 309,287Q353,287 381,241Q404,201 404,154Q404,93 365,47Q323,0 263,0Q186,0 141.5,51Q97,102 97,180Q97,197 99,209Q30,250 30,351Q30,459 102.5,535.5Q175,612 283,612Q391,612 463.5,535.5Q536,459 536,351Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ତ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌୍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0B5F ୟ ORIYA LETTER YYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 613 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M603,41L580,0L433,51Q454,62 495,87Q553,125 553,160Q553,225 518,225Q511,225 489,214L489,119L441,119L441,174Q425,155 394,131Q342,91 304,91Q243,91 207,130Q171,169 171,231L140,209Q106,185 97,156Q95,138 92,119Q86,101 65,101Q30,101 30,142Q30,191 68,218L139,268Q116,281 89,318Q53,367 53,413Q53,501 116,556.5Q179,612 268,612Q360,612 441,534L441,612L489,612L489,265Q509,273 523,273Q562,273 583,236Q601,205 601,164Q601,103 540,63L603,41ZM441,242L441,403Q441,472 389,518Q337,564 268,564Q201,564 153,523Q101,480 101,415Q101,386 129,345Q158,301 185,300L290,373L320,335L242,281Q219,265 219,220Q219,184 243,161.5Q267,139 304,139Q334,139 388,189Q406,206 441,242Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ୟ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B24 ତ ORIYA LETTER TA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B5F ୟ ORIYA LETTER YYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 854 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M536,351Q536,292 512,254L468,273Q488,302 488,353Q488,437 429,500.5Q370,564 287,564Q198,564 138,503Q78,442 78,353Q78,283 112,260Q138,321 222,355L255,322Q208,308 176,271Q144,234 144,187Q144,132 173,92Q206,48 259,48Q307,48 333,83Q356,114 356,163Q356,170 353,185Q343,180 321,174Q297,173 279,190Q261,207 261,231Q261,248 277,267.5Q293,287 309,287Q353,287 381,241Q404,201 404,154Q404,93 365,47Q323,0 263,0Q186,0 141.5,51Q97,102 97,180Q97,197 99,209Q30,250 30,351Q30,459 102.5,535.5Q175,612 283,612Q391,612 463.5,535.5Q536,459 536,351Z" /><path transform="translate(556)" d="M268,0L220,0L220,281Q189,253 149,253Q30,253 30,432L30,612L78,612L78,432Q78,301 149,301Q220,301 220,432L220,612L268,612L268,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ତ୍ୟ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rbfpqe">(<i>tya</i>)</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G36854" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36854" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Forms.</span></span> In the initial position in a cluster, RA is reduced and placed above the following consonant, while it is also reduced in the second position:</p> <blockquote><p><span title="U+0B30 ର ORIYA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 567 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,0L508,0L438,120Q487,194 487,321Q487,416 431,487Q370,564 278,564Q202,564 141.5,510Q81,456 81,381Q81,300 147,243Q177,322 249,322Q309,322 340,269Q366,225 366,161Q366,97 340,53Q309,0 249,0Q190,0 158,54Q132,98 132,161Q132,176 133,184Q33,275 33,380Q33,476 107,544Q181,612 278,612Q391,612 465,521Q535,436 535,321Q535,199 493,121L563,0ZM318,161Q318,202 304,233Q285,274 249,274Q212,274 194,233Q181,203 181,160Q181,117 194,88Q212,48 249,48Q285,48 304,89Q318,120 318,161Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ର</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୍</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B2A ପ ORIYA LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M516,0L468,0L468,126Q444,85 399,48Q340,0 283,0Q208,0 163.5,47Q119,94 119,169Q119,215 132,244Q83,265 56.5,310.5Q30,356 30,411Q30,501 104,559Q172,612 264,612Q335,612 402,569Q446,541 468,511L468,612L516,612L516,0ZM468,201L468,403Q468,464 395,516Q327,564 264,564Q192,564 138,524Q78,481 78,411Q78,370 99,333Q124,289 162,288Q214,343 266,354L301,319Q167,274 167,169Q167,116 198.5,82Q230,48 283,48Q336,48 407,122Q468,186 468,201Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ପ</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B30 ର ORIYA LETTER RA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B2A ପ ORIYA LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M583,765L395,742L498,667L467,632L317,741L317,780L558,810L583,765ZM516,0L468,0L468,126Q444,85 399,48Q340,0 283,0Q208,0 163.5,47Q119,94 119,169Q119,215 132,244Q83,265 56.5,310.5Q30,356 30,411Q30,501 104,559Q172,612 264,612Q335,612 402,569Q446,541 468,511L468,612L516,612L516,0ZM468,201L468,403Q468,464 395,516Q327,564 264,564Q192,564 138,524Q78,481 78,411Q78,370 99,333Q124,289 162,288Q214,343 266,354L301,319Q167,274 167,169Q167,116 198.5,82Q230,48 283,48Q336,48 407,122Q468,186 468,201Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ର୍ପ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-cx8kxb">rpa</i>)</p> <p><span title="U+0B2A ପ ORIYA LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M516,0L468,0L468,126Q444,85 399,48Q340,0 283,0Q208,0 163.5,47Q119,94 119,169Q119,215 132,244Q83,265 56.5,310.5Q30,356 30,411Q30,501 104,559Q172,612 264,612Q335,612 402,569Q446,541 468,511L468,612L516,612L516,0ZM468,201L468,403Q468,464 395,516Q327,564 264,564Q192,564 138,524Q78,481 78,411Q78,370 99,333Q124,289 162,288Q214,343 266,354L301,319Q167,274 167,169Q167,116 198.5,82Q230,48 283,48Q336,48 407,122Q468,186 468,201Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ପ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୍</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B30 ର ORIYA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 567 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M563,0L508,0L438,120Q487,194 487,321Q487,416 431,487Q370,564 278,564Q202,564 141.5,510Q81,456 81,381Q81,300 147,243Q177,322 249,322Q309,322 340,269Q366,225 366,161Q366,97 340,53Q309,0 249,0Q190,0 158,54Q132,98 132,161Q132,176 133,184Q33,275 33,380Q33,476 107,544Q181,612 278,612Q391,612 465,521Q535,436 535,321Q535,199 493,121L563,0ZM318,161Q318,202 304,233Q285,274 249,274Q212,274 194,233Q181,203 181,160Q181,117 194,88Q212,48 249,48Q285,48 304,89Q318,120 318,161Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ର</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B2A ପ ORIYA LETTER PA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B30 ର ORIYA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M516,0L468,0L468,126Q444,85 399,48Q340,0 283,0Q208,0 163.5,47Q119,94 119,169Q119,215 132,244Q83,265 56.5,310.5Q30,356 30,411Q30,501 104,559Q172,612 264,612Q335,612 402,569Q446,541 468,511L468,612L516,612L516,0ZM516,-130L144,-130L144,-82L468,-82L468,0L516,0L516,-130ZM468,201L468,403Q468,464 395,516Q327,564 264,564Q192,564 138,524Q78,481 78,411Q78,370 99,333Q124,289 162,288Q214,343 266,354L301,319Q167,274 167,169Q167,116 198.5,82Q230,48 283,48Q336,48 407,122Q468,186 468,201Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ପ୍ର</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-cw0wf7">pra</i>)</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1cz01pl">Nasal and stop clusters may be written with conjuncts, or the anusvara may be used:</p> <blockquote><p><span title="U+0B05 ଅ ORIYA LETTER A"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 526 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,0L448,0L448,64Q361,0 278,0Q191,0 127,59Q60,119 60,205Q60,283 134,335Q180,358 271,406Q345,446 345,498Q345,564 284,564Q264,564 249,551Q234,538 234,518L234,436L186,436L186,518Q186,536 170.5,550Q155,564 137,564Q110,564 94,542Q78,520 78,493Q78,427 143,427L131,383Q85,383 57.5,414.5Q30,446 30,493Q30,541 60,576.5Q90,612 137,612Q172,612 209,579Q242,612 284,612Q335,612 364,579Q393,546 393,494Q393,437 340,394Q310,370 229,331Q164,300 144,281Q108,246 108,183Q108,152 147,107Q198,48 269,48Q368,48 448,128L448,612L496,612L496,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଅ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 622 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M612,427Q612,386 582.5,356.5Q553,327 512,327Q481,327 454,344Q412,370 412,427Q412,466 435,493Q374,564 287,564Q198,564 138,503Q78,442 78,353Q78,283 112,260Q138,321 222,355L255,322Q208,308 176,271Q144,234 144,187Q144,132 173,92Q206,48 259,48Q307,48 333,83Q356,114 356,163Q356,188 335,217L289,171L255,204L383,332L417,300L371,253L389,225Q404,193 404,154Q404,93 365,47Q323,0 263,0Q186,0 141.5,51Q97,102 97,180Q97,197 99,209Q30,250 30,351Q30,459 102.5,535.5Q175,612 283,612Q401,612 477,520Q498,527 512,527Q553,527 582.5,497.5Q612,468 612,427ZM564,427Q564,449 549,464Q534,479 512,479Q490,479 475,464Q460,449 460,427Q460,405 475,390Q490,375 512,375Q534,375 549,390Q564,405 564,427Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଙ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୍</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B05 ଅ ORIYA LETTER A U+0B19 ଙ ORIYA LETTER NGA U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1351 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,0L448,0L448,64Q361,0 278,0Q191,0 127,59Q60,119 60,205Q60,283 134,335Q180,358 271,406Q345,446 345,498Q345,564 284,564Q264,564 249,551Q234,538 234,518L234,436L186,436L186,518Q186,536 170.5,550Q155,564 137,564Q110,564 94,542Q78,520 78,493Q78,427 143,427L131,383Q85,383 57.5,414.5Q30,446 30,493Q30,541 60,576.5Q90,612 137,612Q172,612 209,579Q242,612 284,612Q335,612 364,579Q393,546 393,494Q393,437 340,394Q310,370 229,331Q164,300 144,281Q108,246 108,183Q108,152 147,107Q198,48 269,48Q368,48 448,128L448,612L496,612L496,0Z" /><path transform="translate(526)" d="M804,427Q804,386 774.5,356.5Q745,327 704,327Q673,327 646,344Q604,370 604,427Q604,466 627,493Q587,539 512.5,568.5Q438,598 359,598Q210,598 138,502Q78,423 78,353Q78,283 112,260L113,259Q149,322 201,322Q247,322 284,270L285,269Q320,322 367,322Q416,322 450,270Q483,322 533,322Q583,322 614,274Q640,232 640,180L640,0L592,0L592,179Q592,208 577,238Q560,274 533,274Q507,274 489,239Q474,209 474,180L474,0L426,0L426,63Q398,38 367,38Q319,38 285,89Q250,38 201,38Q157,38 126,79.5Q95,121 94,180Q94,200 96,211Q30,253 30,351Q30,443 103,536Q189,645 359,645Q451,645 537,610.5Q623,576 669,520Q690,527 704,527Q745,527 774.5,497.5Q804,468 804,427ZM756,427Q756,449 741,464Q726,479 704,479Q682,479 667,464Q652,449 652,427Q652,405 667,390Q682,375 704,375Q726,375 741,390Q756,405 756,427ZM426,180Q426,209 411,239Q394,274 367,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,210 308,182L308,180Q308,152 323,122Q341,88 367,88Q393,88 411,122Q426,151 426,180ZM260,180L260,182Q260,211 245,240Q227,274 201,274Q175,274 157,239Q142,209 142,180Q142,151 157,122Q175,88 201,88Q227,88 245,122Q261,152 260,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଅଙ୍କ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1uu6py2">aṅka</i>)</p> <p><span title="U+0B05 ଅ ORIYA LETTER A"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 526 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,0L448,0L448,64Q361,0 278,0Q191,0 127,59Q60,119 60,205Q60,283 134,335Q180,358 271,406Q345,446 345,498Q345,564 284,564Q264,564 249,551Q234,538 234,518L234,436L186,436L186,518Q186,536 170.5,550Q155,564 137,564Q110,564 94,542Q78,520 78,493Q78,427 143,427L131,383Q85,383 57.5,414.5Q30,446 30,493Q30,541 60,576.5Q90,612 137,612Q172,612 209,579Q242,612 284,612Q335,612 364,579Q393,546 393,494Q393,437 340,394Q310,370 229,331Q164,300 144,281Q108,246 108,183Q108,152 147,107Q198,48 269,48Q368,48 448,128L448,612L496,612L496,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଅ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B02 ◌ଂ ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 648 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M637,508Q637,461 604,428.5Q571,396 524,396Q477,396 444,428.5Q411,461 411,508Q411,555 444,588Q477,621 524,621Q571,621 604,588Q637,555 637,508ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM589,508Q589,535 570,554Q551,573 524,573Q497,573 478,554Q459,535 459,508Q459,481 478,462.5Q497,444 524,444Q551,444 570,462.5Q589,481 589,508Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ଂ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B05 ଅ ORIYA LETTER A U+0B02 ◌ଂ ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1342 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,0L448,0L448,64Q361,0 278,0Q191,0 127,59Q60,119 60,205Q60,283 134,335Q180,358 271,406Q345,446 345,498Q345,564 284,564Q264,564 249,551Q234,538 234,518L234,436L186,436L186,518Q186,536 170.5,550Q155,564 137,564Q110,564 94,542Q78,520 78,493Q78,427 143,427L131,383Q85,383 57.5,414.5Q30,446 30,493Q30,541 60,576.5Q90,612 137,612Q172,612 209,579Q242,612 284,612Q335,612 364,579Q393,546 393,494Q393,437 340,394Q310,370 229,331Q164,300 144,281Q108,246 108,183Q108,152 147,107Q198,48 269,48Q368,48 448,128L448,612L496,612L496,0Z" /><path transform="translate(526)" d="M246,508Q246,461 213,428.5Q180,396 133,396Q86,396 53,428.5Q20,461 20,508Q20,555 53,588Q86,621 133,621Q180,621 213,588Q246,555 246,508ZM198,508Q198,535 179,554Q160,573 133,573Q106,573 87,554Q68,535 68,508Q68,481 87,462.5Q106,444 133,444Q160,444 179,462.5Q198,481 198,508Z" /><path transform="translate(782)" d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଅଂକ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1urzp3a">aṁka</i>)</p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G39394" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G39394" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowels.</span></span> As with other scripts, some dependent vowels are rendered in front of their consonant, some appear after it, and some are placed above or below it. Some are rendered with parts both in front of and after their consonant. A few of the dependent vowels fuse with their consonants. <span title="U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B01 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU</span></span> is used for nasal vowels. See <a href="#G56937" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-24</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G56937" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G56937" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-24.</span> Oriya Vowel Placement</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B3E ◌ା ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 621 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M575,0L527,0L527,612L575,612L575,0ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ା</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B3E ◌ା ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 689 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M639,0L591,0L591,612L639,612L639,0ZM540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କା</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-civy72">(<i>kā</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B3F ◌ି ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M470,653L420,632Q397,661 342,677Q296,691 251,691Q205,691 159,677Q104,661 81,632L31,654Q110,739 251,739Q309,739 369,718Q439,693 470,653ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ି</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B3F ◌ି ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M500,653L450,632Q427,661 372,677Q326,691 281,691Q235,691 189,677Q134,661 111,632L61,654Q140,739 281,739Q339,739 399,718Q469,693 500,653ZM540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କି</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-7uqskm">(<i>ki</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B40 ◌ୀ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 648 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M583,0L535,0L535,524L453,469L425,509L583,615L583,0ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୀ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B40 ◌ୀ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 702 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M679,0L631,0L631,524L549,469L521,509L679,615L679,0ZM540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୀ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-9uxtls">(<i>kī</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B41 ◌ୁ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 636 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM611,-131Q611,-152 583,-174Q559,-193 536,-198Q523,-201 510,-201Q474,-201 416,-143Q403,-176 367.5,-198Q332,-220 296,-220Q265,-220 234.5,-194.5Q204,-169 204,-139Q204,-93 234.5,-68.5Q265,-44 312,-44Q342,-44 372,-58L372,0L420,0L420,-92Q432,-104 459,-124Q498,-153 515,-153Q560,-153 572,-102L611,-131ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM372,-113Q340,-92 307,-92Q259,-92 259,-131Q259,-172 298,-172Q321,-172 346.5,-154Q372,-136 372,-113Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B41 ◌ୁ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M666,-131Q666,-152 639.5,-172.5Q613,-193 589,-198Q578,-201 565,-201Q529,-201 471,-143Q458,-176 422.5,-198Q387,-220 351,-220Q320,-220 289.5,-194.5Q259,-169 259,-139Q259,-93 291,-68Q320,-44 367,-44Q397,-44 427,-58L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,-92Q487,-104 514,-124Q553,-153 570,-153Q616,-153 627,-102L666,-131ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180ZM427,-113Q395,-92 362,-92Q314,-92 314,-131Q314,-172 353,-172Q376,-172 401.5,-154Q427,-136 427,-113Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1xbas9m">(<i>ku</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B42 ◌ୂ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 648 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM632,-129Q605,-152 574,-152Q527,-152 483,-106Q458,-188 377,-188Q345,-188 316,-167Q279,-140 279,-92Q279,-30 318,0L371,0Q327,-44 327,-92Q327,-111 341,-125.5Q355,-140 374,-140Q410,-140 431,-111Q449,-86 450,-48L489,-48Q532,-104 580,-104Q607,-104 632,-83L632,-129ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୂ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B42 ◌ୂ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M736,-129Q709,-152 678,-152Q631,-152 587,-106Q562,-188 481,-188Q449,-188 420,-167Q383,-140 383,-92Q383,-30 422,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0Q431,-44 431,-92Q431,-111 445,-125.5Q459,-140 478,-140Q514,-140 535,-111Q553,-86 554,-48L593,-48Q636,-104 684,-104Q711,-104 736,-83L736,-129ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୂ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18jqe3k">(<i>kū</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B43 ◌ୃ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 559 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM534,-156Q534,-197 503,-223.5Q472,-250 430,-250Q368,-250 329,-226Q283,-197 283,-138Q283,-106 321.5,-65Q360,-24 360,0L408,0Q408,-38 369.5,-84Q331,-130 331,-143Q331,-173 360,-189Q383,-202 416,-202Q486,-202 486,-155Q486,-128 446,-128Q424,-128 414,-130L433,-82Q441,-80 453,-80Q486,-80 510,-101.5Q534,-123 534,-156ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 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398,-143Q398,-173 427,-189Q450,-202 483,-202Q553,-202 553,-155Q553,-128 513,-128Q491,-128 481,-130L500,-82Q508,-80 520,-80Q553,-80 577,-101.5Q601,-123 601,-156ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୃ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ulyv1s">(<i>kṛ</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B47 ◌େ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 873 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M833,359Q844,341 826,331Q808,321 798,339Q787,357 805,367Q823,377 833,359ZM755,417Q745,399 727,410Q709,420 719,438Q729,456 747,445Q765,435 755,417ZM650,456Q650,436 630,436Q609,436 609,456Q609,477 630,477Q650,477 650,456ZM865,242Q865,221 844,221Q823,221 823,242Q823,262 844,262Q865,262 865,242ZM540,438Q551,420 533,410Q515,399 505,417Q494,435 512,445Q530,456 540,438ZM833,124Q823,106 805,117Q787,127 798,145Q808,163 826,152Q844,142 833,124ZM755,66Q765,48 747,38Q729,28 719,46Q709,64 727,74Q745,84 755,66ZM462,339Q451,321 434,331Q416,341 426,359Q436,377 454,367Q472,357 462,339ZM650,27Q650,7 630,7Q609,7 609,27Q609,48 630,48Q650,48 650,27ZM436,242Q436,221 415,221Q394,221 394,242Q394,262 415,262Q436,262 436,242ZM462,145Q472,127 454,117Q436,106 426,124Q416,142 434,152Q451,163 462,145ZM540,46Q530,28 512,38Q494,48 505,66Q515,84 533,74Q551,64 540,46ZM385,547L345,519Q333,541 295,554Q264,564 234,564Q152,564 103,478Q65,412 65,352Q97,369 137,369Q222,369 295,311Q373,250 373,166Q373,104 333,54Q291,0 231,0Q125,0 65,112Q17,203 17,318Q17,429 66,513Q125,612 230,612Q339,612 385,547ZM325,164Q325,232 258,279Q198,321 128,321Q112,321 91,313Q65,303 65,291Q65,212 105,137Q154,48 227,48Q269,48 298,86Q325,120 325,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> େ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B47 ◌େ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 948 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M919,357Q919,317 907,281L862,298Q871,327 871,357Q871,444 810.5,504Q750,564 664,564Q578,564 517.5,503.5Q457,443 457,357Q457,299 487,249Q519,322 581,322Q630,322 664,270Q697,322 747,322Q796,322 827,274Q854,232 854,180L854,0L806,0L806,179Q806,208 791,238Q773,274 747,274Q720,274 703,239Q688,209 688,180L688,0L640,0L640,63Q612,38 581,38Q532,38 501,86Q474,128 474,180L474,188Q409,259 409,357Q409,463 483.5,537.5Q558,612 664,612Q769,612 844,537.5Q919,463 919,357ZM398,547L358,519Q346,541 308,554Q277,564 247,564Q165,564 116,478Q78,412 78,352Q110,369 150,369Q236,369 308,311Q386,250 386,166Q386,104 347,54Q305,0 244,0Q138,0 79,112Q30,203 30,318Q30,429 80,513Q139,612 243,612Q352,612 398,547ZM640,180Q640,209 625,239Q607,274 581,274Q554,274 537,239Q522,209 522,180Q522,151 537,122Q555,88 581,88Q607,88 625,122Q640,151 640,180ZM338,164Q338,232 272,279Q212,321 141,321Q126,321 104,313Q78,303 78,291Q78,212 119,137Q167,48 240,48Q282,48 311,86Q338,120 338,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କେ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-yk68x6">(<i>ke</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B48 ◌ୈ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 873 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M835,689Q835,638 788,612L740,612Q787,659 787,691Q787,721 751,738Q721,752 689,749Q673,747 629,740Q594,734 574,734Q517,734 477,756L493,804Q540,782 586,782Q604,782 639,788.5Q674,795 692,795Q749,795 788,771Q835,742 835,689ZM833,359Q844,341 826,331Q808,321 798,339Q787,357 805,367Q823,377 833,359ZM755,417Q745,399 727,410Q709,420 719,438Q729,456 747,445Q765,435 755,417ZM650,456Q650,436 630,436Q609,436 609,456Q609,477 630,477Q650,477 650,456ZM865,242Q865,221 844,221Q823,221 823,242Q823,262 844,262Q865,262 865,242ZM540,438Q551,420 533,410Q515,399 505,417Q494,435 512,445Q530,456 540,438ZM833,124Q823,106 805,117Q787,127 798,145Q808,163 826,152Q844,142 833,124ZM755,66Q765,48 747,38Q729,28 719,46Q709,64 727,74Q745,84 755,66ZM462,339Q451,321 434,331Q416,341 426,359Q436,377 454,367Q472,357 462,339ZM650,27Q650,7 630,7Q609,7 609,27Q609,48 630,48Q650,48 650,27ZM436,242Q436,221 415,221Q394,221 394,242Q394,262 415,262Q436,262 436,242ZM462,145Q472,127 454,117Q436,106 426,124Q416,142 434,152Q452,163 462,145ZM540,46Q530,28 512,38Q494,48 505,66Q515,84 533,74Q551,64 540,46ZM385,547L345,519Q333,541 295,554Q264,564 234,564Q152,564 103,478Q65,412 65,352Q97,369 137,369Q222,369 295,311Q373,250 373,166Q373,104 333,54Q291,0 231,0Q125,0 65,112Q17,203 17,318Q17,429 66,513Q125,612 230,612Q339,612 385,547ZM325,164Q325,232 258,279Q198,321 128,321Q112,321 91,313Q65,303 65,291Q65,212 105,137Q154,48 227,48Q269,48 298,86Q325,120 325,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୈ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B48 ◌ୈ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 948 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M910,689Q910,638 863,612L815,612Q862,659 862,691Q862,721 826,738Q796,752 764,749Q748,747 704,740Q669,734 649,734Q592,734 552,756L568,804Q615,782 661,782Q679,782 714,788.5Q749,795 767,795Q824,795 863,771Q910,742 910,689ZM919,357Q919,317 907,281L862,298Q871,327 871,357Q871,444 810.5,504Q750,564 664,564Q578,564 517.5,503.5Q457,443 457,357Q457,299 487,249Q519,322 581,322Q630,322 664,270Q697,322 747,322Q796,322 827,274Q854,232 854,180L854,0L806,0L806,179Q806,208 791,238Q773,274 747,274Q720,274 703,239Q688,209 688,180L688,0L640,0L640,63Q612,38 581,38Q532,38 501,86Q474,128 474,180L474,188Q409,259 409,357Q409,463 483.5,537.5Q558,612 664,612Q769,612 844,537.5Q919,463 919,357ZM398,547L358,519Q346,541 308,554Q277,564 247,564Q165,564 116,478Q78,412 78,352Q110,369 150,369Q236,369 308,311Q386,250 386,166Q386,104 347,54Q305,0 244,0Q138,0 79,112Q30,203 30,318Q30,429 80,513Q139,612 243,612Q352,612 398,547ZM640,180Q640,209 625,239Q607,274 581,274Q554,274 537,239Q522,209 522,180Q522,151 537,122Q555,88 581,88Q607,88 625,122Q640,151 640,180ZM338,164Q338,232 272,279Q212,321 141,321Q126,321 104,313Q78,303 78,291Q78,212 119,137Q167,48 240,48Q282,48 311,86Q338,120 338,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୈ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1hdnci1">(<i>kai</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4B ◌ୋ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1005 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M964,0L916,0L916,612L964,612L964,0ZM833,359Q844,341 826,331Q808,321 798,339Q787,357 805,367Q823,377 833,359ZM755,417Q745,399 727,410Q709,420 719,438Q729,456 747,445Q765,435 755,417ZM650,456Q650,436 630,436Q609,436 609,456Q609,477 630,477Q650,477 650,456ZM865,242Q865,221 844,221Q823,221 823,242Q823,262 844,262Q865,262 865,242ZM540,438Q551,420 533,410Q515,399 505,417Q494,435 512,445Q530,456 540,438ZM833,124Q823,106 805,117Q787,127 798,145Q808,163 826,152Q844,142 833,124ZM755,66Q765,48 747,38Q729,28 719,46Q709,64 727,74Q745,84 755,66ZM462,339Q451,321 434,331Q416,341 426,359Q436,377 454,367Q472,357 462,339ZM650,27Q650,7 630,7Q609,7 609,27Q609,48 630,48Q650,48 650,27ZM436,242Q436,221 415,221Q394,221 394,242Q394,262 415,262Q436,262 436,242ZM462,145Q472,127 454,117Q436,106 426,124Q416,142 434,152Q452,163 462,145ZM540,46Q530,28 512,38Q494,48 505,66Q515,84 533,74Q551,64 540,46ZM385,547L345,519Q333,541 295,554Q264,564 234,564Q152,564 103,478Q65,412 65,352Q97,369 137,369Q222,369 295,311Q373,250 373,166Q373,104 333,54Q291,0 231,0Q125,0 65,112Q17,203 17,318Q17,429 66,513Q125,612 230,612Q339,612 385,547ZM325,164Q325,232 258,279Q198,321 128,321Q112,321 91,313Q65,303 65,291Q65,212 105,137Q154,48 227,48Q269,48 298,86Q325,120 325,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୋ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B4B ◌ୋ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1072 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1041,0L993,0L993,612L1041,612L1041,0ZM919,357Q919,317 907,281L862,298Q871,327 871,357Q871,444 810.5,504Q750,564 664,564Q578,564 517.5,503.5Q457,443 457,357Q457,299 487,249Q519,322 581,322Q630,322 664,270Q697,322 747,322Q796,322 827,274Q854,232 854,180L854,0L806,0L806,179Q806,208 791,238Q773,274 747,274Q720,274 703,239Q688,209 688,180L688,0L640,0L640,63Q612,38 581,38Q532,38 501,86Q474,128 474,180L474,188Q409,259 409,357Q409,463 483.5,537.5Q558,612 664,612Q769,612 844,537.5Q919,463 919,357ZM398,547L358,519Q346,541 308,554Q277,564 247,564Q165,564 116,478Q78,412 78,352Q110,369 150,369Q236,369 308,311Q386,250 386,166Q386,104 347,54Q305,0 244,0Q138,0 79,112Q30,203 30,318Q30,429 80,513Q139,612 243,612Q352,612 398,547ZM640,180Q640,209 625,239Q607,274 581,274Q554,274 537,239Q522,209 522,180Q522,151 537,122Q555,88 581,88Q607,88 625,122Q640,151 640,180ZM338,164Q338,232 272,279Q212,321 141,321Q126,321 104,313Q78,303 78,291Q78,212 119,137Q167,48 240,48Q282,48 311,86Q338,120 338,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୋ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-127w7e4">(<i>ko</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B4C ◌ୌ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1023 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1010,689Q1010,631 963,589L963,0L915,0L915,609Q962,649 962,691Q962,721 926,738Q896,752 864,749Q848,747 804,740Q769,734 749,734Q692,734 652,756L668,804Q715,782 761,782Q779,782 814,788.5Q849,795 867,795Q924,795 963,771Q1010,742 1010,689ZM833,359Q844,341 826,331Q808,321 798,339Q787,357 805,367Q823,377 833,359ZM755,417Q745,399 727,410Q709,420 719,438Q729,456 747,445Q765,435 755,417ZM650,456Q650,436 630,436Q609,436 609,456Q609,477 630,477Q650,477 650,456ZM865,242Q865,221 844,221Q823,221 823,242Q823,262 844,262Q865,262 865,242ZM540,438Q551,420 533,410Q515,399 505,417Q494,435 512,445Q530,456 540,438ZM833,124Q823,106 805,117Q787,127 798,145Q808,163 826,152Q844,142 833,124ZM755,66Q765,48 747,38Q729,28 719,46Q709,64 727,74Q745,84 755,66ZM462,339Q451,321 434,331Q416,341 426,359Q436,377 454,367Q472,357 462,339ZM650,27Q650,7 630,7Q609,7 609,27Q609,48 630,48Q650,48 650,27ZM436,242Q436,221 415,221Q394,221 394,242Q394,262 415,262Q436,262 436,242ZM462,145Q472,127 454,117Q436,106 426,124Q416,142 434,152Q452,163 462,145ZM540,46Q530,28 512,38Q494,48 505,66Q515,84 533,74Q551,64 540,46ZM385,547L345,519Q333,541 295,554Q264,564 234,564Q152,564 103,478Q65,412 65,352Q97,369 137,369Q222,369 295,311Q373,250 373,166Q373,104 333,54Q291,0 231,0Q125,0 65,112Q17,203 17,318Q17,429 66,513Q125,612 230,612Q339,612 385,547ZM325,164Q325,232 258,279Q198,321 128,321Q112,321 91,313Q65,303 65,291Q65,212 105,137Q154,48 227,48Q269,48 298,86Q325,120 325,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ୌ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B4C ◌ୌ ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1084 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1086,689Q1086,631 1039,589L1039,0L991,0L991,609Q1038,649 1038,691Q1038,721 1002,738Q972,752 940,749Q924,747 880,740Q845,734 825,734Q768,734 728,756L744,804Q791,782 837,782Q855,782 890,788.5Q925,795 943,795Q1000,795 1039,771Q1086,742 1086,689ZM919,357Q919,317 907,281L862,298Q871,327 871,357Q871,444 810.5,504Q750,564 664,564Q578,564 517.5,503.5Q457,443 457,357Q457,299 487,249Q519,322 581,322Q630,322 664,270Q697,322 747,322Q796,322 827,274Q854,232 854,180L854,0L806,0L806,179Q806,208 791,238Q773,274 747,274Q720,274 703,239Q688,209 688,180L688,0L640,0L640,63Q612,38 581,38Q532,38 501,86Q474,128 474,180L474,188Q409,259 409,357Q409,463 483.5,537.5Q558,612 664,612Q769,612 844,537.5Q919,463 919,357ZM398,547L358,519Q346,541 308,554Q277,564 247,564Q165,564 116,478Q78,412 78,352Q110,369 150,369Q236,369 308,311Q386,250 386,166Q386,104 347,54Q305,0 244,0Q138,0 79,112Q30,203 30,318Q30,429 80,513Q139,612 243,612Q352,612 398,547ZM640,180Q640,209 625,239Q607,274 581,274Q554,274 537,239Q522,209 522,180Q522,151 537,122Q555,88 581,88Q607,88 625,122Q640,151 640,180ZM338,164Q338,232 272,279Q212,321 141,321Q126,321 104,313Q78,303 78,291Q78,212 119,137Q167,48 240,48Q282,48 311,86Q338,120 338,164Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କୌ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18ulg5x">(<i>kau</i>)</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 657 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M539,763Q539,746 526.5,734Q514,722 497,722Q480,722 467.5,734Q455,746 455,763Q455,780 467.5,792.5Q480,805 497,805Q514,805 526.5,792.5Q539,780 539,763ZM644,764Q644,704 601,669Q558,634 497,634Q421,634 381,684Q352,721 352,764L400,764Q400,724 430,702Q456,682 497,682Q537,682 566.5,703.5Q596,725 596,764L644,764ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ଁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span><span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 6 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M-16,763Q-16,746 -28.5,734Q-41,722 -58,722Q-75,722 -87.5,734Q-100,746 -100,763Q-100,780 -87.5,792.5Q-75,805 -58,805Q-41,805 -28.5,792.5Q-16,780 -16,763ZM89,764Q89,704 46,669Q3,634 -58,634Q-134,634 -174,684Q-203,721 -203,764L-155,764Q-155,724 -125,702Q-99,682 -58,682Q-18,682 11.5,703.5Q41,725 41,764L89,764Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କଁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rg37u9">(<i>kaṁ</i>)</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1k0uu51">An orthography for the Kuvi language makes use of a macron-shaped length mark. It is displayed directly above written forms of the following three vowels to indicate their corresponding long vowels:</p> <blockquote data-svelte-h="svelte-81jj66"><p>[o] vowel letter <i>a</i>, or inherent vowel implied by consonant letters and conjuncts</p> <p>[a] vowel letter or sign <i>aa</i></p> <p>[e] vowel letter or sign <i>e</i></p></blockquote> <p>This length mark is represented in text by <span title="U+0B55 ◌୕ ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B55 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE</span></span>. It occurs in the text representation directly after the letter or sign it modifies, and after any <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1yo23kf">nukta</i> which is present.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G37021" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G37021" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Oriya VA and WA.</span></span> These two letters are extensions to the basic Oriya alphabet. Because Sanskrit <span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA U+0928 न DEVANAGARI LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1176 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-15L436,-15L379,47L379,209Q295,152 231,152Q175,152 115.5,208.5Q56,265 56,321Q56,380 126,418Q184,449 249,449Q314,449 379,383L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM379,326L379,350Q337,381 295,381Q244,381 183,354Q110,322 110,278Q110,248 130.5,227Q151,206 182,206Q214,206 294.5,252Q375,298 379,326Z" /><path transform="translate(591)" d="M598,608L598,539L450,539L450,-15L439,-15L373,51L373,323L220,323Q182,323 172,306Q165,294 165,252Q165,205 169,176Q170,175 170,176Q170,159 148,159Q123,159 82,231Q42,300 42,331Q42,357 59,374.5Q76,392 102,392L373,392L373,539L-1,539L-1,608L598,608Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">वन</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12ijvqc">vana</i> becomes Oriya <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA U+0B28 ନ ORIYA LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1042 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M470,281Q470,239 445,178L399,194Q419,251 419,279Q420,356 384,412Q334,490 229,490Q158,490 107,439.5Q56,389 56,318Q56,241 131,202Q162,274 242,274Q294,274 328.5,239Q363,204 363,152L363,-5L317,-5L317,56Q285,30 242,30Q191,30 155.5,63Q120,96 120,147L114,151Q100,160 60,188Q5,241 5,315Q5,408 71.5,473.5Q138,539 231,539Q340,539 406,463Q470,391 470,281ZM315,152Q315,181 293,203Q271,225 242,225Q212,225 190.5,203.5Q169,182 169,152Q169,122 190.5,100.5Q212,79 242,79Q271,79 293,101Q315,123 315,152Z" /><path transform="translate(482)" d="M540,357Q540,283 500,219L454,236Q492,290 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,291 120,229Q150,268 201,292.5Q252,317 302,317Q309,317 337,312Q373,306 385,298L385,0L337,0L337,265Q305,269 309,269Q238,269 185,226Q129,181 129,111Q129,97 132,85Q175,82 175,44Q175,0 134,0Q81,0 81,109Q81,154 96,187Q30,251 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବନ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12i6ad4">bana</i> in orthography and pronunciation, an extended letter U+0B35 <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 427 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M470,281Q470,239 445,178L399,194Q419,251 419,279Q420,356 384,412Q334,490 229,490Q158,490 107,439.5Q56,389 56,318Q56,241 131,202Q162,274 242,274Q294,274 328.5,239Q363,204 363,152L363,-5L317,-5L317,56Q285,30 242,30Q191,30 155.5,63Q120,96 120,147L114,151Q100,160 60,188Q5,241 5,315Q5,408 71.5,473.5Q138,539 231,539Q340,539 406,463Q470,391 470,281ZM315,152Q315,181 293,203Q271,225 242,225Q212,225 190.5,203.5Q169,182 169,152Q169,122 190.5,100.5Q212,79 242,79Q271,79 293,101Q315,123 315,152ZM275,152Q275,120 242,120Q210,120 210,152Q210,165 219.5,174.5Q229,184 242,184Q275,184 275,152Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଵ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA LETTER VA</span></span> was devised by dotting U+0B2C <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA LETTER BA</span></span> for use in academic and technical text. For example, basic Oriya script cannot distinguish Sanskrit <span title="U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1182 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-17L446,-17L379,48L379,178Q290,119 229,119Q167,119 107.5,178Q48,237 48,298Q48,356 115,399Q175,437 236,437Q291,437 379,358L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM189,344L305,220Q348,242 362,259Q379,281 379,325Q333,369 284,369Q234,369 189,344ZM281,208L165,333Q95,297 95,252Q95,222 122,199Q149,176 180,176Q217,176 281,208Z" /><path transform="translate(591)" d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-15L436,-15L379,47L379,209Q295,152 231,152Q175,152 115.5,208.5Q56,265 56,321Q56,380 126,418Q184,449 249,449Q314,449 379,383L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM379,326L379,350Q337,381 295,381Q244,381 183,354Q110,322 110,278Q110,248 130.5,227Q151,206 182,206Q214,206 294.5,252Q375,298 379,326Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">बव</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-16ajkyo">bava</i> from <span title="U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA U+092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1182 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-17L446,-17L379,48L379,178Q290,119 229,119Q167,119 107.5,178Q48,237 48,298Q48,356 115,399Q175,437 236,437Q291,437 379,358L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM189,344L305,220Q348,242 362,259Q379,281 379,325Q333,369 284,369Q234,369 189,344ZM281,208L165,333Q95,297 95,252Q95,222 122,199Q149,176 180,176Q217,176 281,208Z" /><path transform="translate(591)" d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-17L446,-17L379,48L379,178Q290,119 229,119Q167,119 107.5,178Q48,237 48,298Q48,356 115,399Q175,437 236,437Q291,437 379,358L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM189,344L305,220Q348,242 362,259Q379,281 379,325Q333,369 284,369Q234,369 189,344ZM281,208L165,333Q95,297 95,252Q95,222 122,199Q149,176 180,176Q217,176 281,208Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">बब</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-10lzmgc">baba</i> or <span title="U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA U+0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1182 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-15L436,-15L379,47L379,209Q295,152 231,152Q175,152 115.5,208.5Q56,265 56,321Q56,380 126,418Q184,449 249,449Q314,449 379,383L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM379,326L379,350Q337,381 295,381Q244,381 183,354Q110,322 110,278Q110,248 130.5,227Q151,206 182,206Q214,206 294.5,252Q375,298 379,326Z" /><path transform="translate(591)" d="M604,608L604,539L456,539L456,-15L436,-15L379,47L379,209Q295,152 231,152Q175,152 115.5,208.5Q56,265 56,321Q56,380 126,418Q184,449 249,449Q314,449 379,383L379,539L-1,539L-1,608L604,608ZM379,326L379,350Q337,381 295,381Q244,381 183,354Q110,322 110,278Q110,248 130.5,227Q151,206 182,206Q214,206 294.5,252Q375,298 379,326Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">वव</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-16abfcc">vava</i>, but this distinction can be made with the modified version of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i>. In some older sources, the glyph <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M337,431Q337,404 318,386.5Q299,369 273,369Q247,369 229,386.5Q211,404 211,431Q211,457 229,474.5Q247,492 273,492Q301,492 319,475Q337,458 337,431ZM508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM302,431Q302,459 273,459Q247,459 247,431Q247,404 273,404Q302,404 302,431ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଵ</span></span></span> is sometimes found for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etnhiz">va</i>; in others, <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 546 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M486,570Q430,566 319,556Q251,549 199,528Q121,496 121,443Q121,393 195,354Q251,325 299,325Q309,325 319,326Q414,339 472,325Q478,265 478,136Q478,81 477,13Q446,28 443,118Q439,228 424,262Q333,146 289,100Q185,-5 114,-5Q54,-5 14,65Q12,70 12,76Q12,89 41,114Q113,174 121,183Q124,193 124,200Q124,220 112,220Q101,220 69,197.5Q37,175 28,174Q25,183 25,191Q25,219 55,240Q85,261 114,261Q148,261 159,233Q162,219 162,206Q162,169 123,132Q102,113 61,75Q90,40 128,40Q218,40 385,274Q385,281 327,282Q249,283 208,292Q89,319 89,425Q89,506 188,560Q278,609 378,609Q464,609 486,570Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଵ</span></span></span> and <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 518 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M494,530Q494,512 462,512Q426,512 355,530Q284,548 248,548Q141,548 141,453Q141,407 177,390Q200,379 251,379Q278,379 330.5,386Q383,393 410,393Q456,393 462,384Q466,381 466,368L466,218Q466,199 473,162.5Q480,126 480,107Q480,56 471,34Q457,-3 414,-3Q376,-3 376,59Q376,85 387,135Q398,185 398,211L395,218Q390,227 375,227Q356,227 268,121Q187,23 157,23Q135,23 111,40Q87,57 87,78Q87,74 108,150L86,153Q76,153 66,148L63,147Q62,147 62,146Q43,146 32,169Q23,187 23,208Q23,243 57,262Q84,278 121,278Q189,278 189,262Q189,198 171,151L201,122L277,198Q314,234 353,264L353,310Q310,322 286,322Q267,322 228.5,319.5Q190,317 171,317Q121,317 87,357Q55,394 55,446Q55,518 116,565Q174,608 251,608Q263,608 285,609.5Q307,611 318,611Q373,611 428,591Q494,568 494,530Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଵ</span></span></span> have been shown, which in a more modern type style would be <span title="U+0B35 ଵ ORIYA LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M386,561Q376,561 333,564.5Q290,568 264,568Q143,568 153,499Q152,479 160,438Q180,392 258,392Q311,392 337,409L384,409L384,0L336,0L336,69Q303,39 249,38Q192,37 149.5,74Q107,111 106,166Q106,174 107,183Q70,200 48,245Q30,285 30,330L78,332Q78,259 120,233Q139,277 173,297L207,263Q193,256 182,244Q149,208 154,166Q159,130 185.5,107.5Q212,85 249,86Q291,87 315,115Q336,141 336,185L336,366Q297,344 256,344Q195,344 147,390Q96,438 96,501Q96,516 99,533Q112,615 260,615Q287,615 330.5,612Q374,609 386,609L386,561Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଵ</span></span></span>. The letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etnhiz">va</i> is not in common use today.</p> <p>In a consonant conjunct, subjoined U+0B2C <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA LETTER BA</span></span> is usually—but not always—pronounced [wa]:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0B15 <span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0B4D <span title="U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">୍</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0B2C <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i> → <span title="U+0B15 କ ORIYA LETTER KA U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 566 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M540,357Q540,317 528,281L483,298Q492,327 492,357Q492,444 432,504Q372,564 285,564Q199,564 138.5,503.5Q78,443 78,357Q78,299 108,249Q140,322 202,322Q251,322 285,270Q318,322 368,322Q418,322 448,274Q475,232 475,180L475,0L427,0L427,179Q427,208 412,238Q394,274 368,274Q342,274 324,239Q309,209 309,180L309,0L261,0L261,63Q233,38 202,38Q153,38 122,86Q95,128 95,180L95,188Q30,259 30,357Q30,463 104.5,537.5Q179,612 285,612Q391,612 465.5,537.5Q540,463 540,357ZM261,180Q261,209 246,239Q228,274 202,274Q176,274 158,239Q143,209 143,180Q143,151 158,122Q176,88 202,88Q228,88 246,122Q261,151 261,180Z" /><path transform="translate(560)" d="M-30,-186L-78,-186L-78,-131Q-107,-150 -138,-150Q-181,-150 -211.5,-121.5Q-242,-93 -242,-50Q-242,-28 -228,0L-181,0Q-194,-23 -194,-51Q-194,-73 -177.5,-87.5Q-161,-102 -138,-102Q-114,-102 -96,-83Q-78,-64 -78,-40L-78,0L-30,0L-30,-186Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">କବ</span></span></span> [kwa]</p> <p>U+0B2E <span title="U+0B2E ମ ORIYA LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M530,0L482,0L482,422Q482,432 463,462Q399,564 283,564Q203,564 140.5,508.5Q78,453 78,373Q78,327 107.5,294.5Q137,262 183,262Q197,262 212,265Q306,315 356,330L375,288Q346,275 290,250Q109,166 109,94Q166,94 166,46Q166,29 156,14.5Q146,0 130,0Q97,0 78,33Q61,60 61,95Q61,157 136,215Q30,274 30,376Q30,473 107,543Q181,612 279,612Q333,612 390,585Q444,560 482,519L482,612L530,612L530,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ମ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etiq5a">ma</i> + U+0B4D <span title="U+0B4D ◌୍ ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM477,-222L433,-222L293,-10L352,-10L477,-222ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">୍</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0B2C <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i> → <span title="U+0B2E ମ ORIYA LETTER MA U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 566 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M530,0L482,0L482,422Q482,432 463,462Q399,564 283,564Q203,564 140.5,508.5Q78,453 78,373Q78,327 107.5,294.5Q137,262 183,262Q197,262 212,265Q306,315 356,330L375,288Q346,275 290,250Q109,166 109,94Q166,94 166,46Q166,29 156,14.5Q146,0 130,0Q97,0 78,33Q61,60 61,95Q61,157 136,215Q30,274 30,376Q30,473 107,543Q181,612 279,612Q333,612 390,585Q444,560 482,519L482,612L530,612L530,0Z" /><path transform="translate(560)" d="M-30,-186L-78,-186L-78,-131Q-107,-150 -138,-150Q-181,-150 -211.5,-121.5Q-242,-93 -242,-50Q-242,-28 -228,0L-181,0Q-194,-23 -194,-51Q-194,-73 -177.5,-87.5Q-161,-102 -138,-102Q-114,-102 -96,-83Q-78,-64 -78,-40L-78,0L-30,0L-30,-186Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ମବ</span></span></span> [mba]</p></blockquote> <p>The extended Oriya letter U+0B71 <span title="U+0B71 ୱ ORIYA LETTER WA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 505 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M456,-3L406,-4L406,47L406,71Q352,-4 250,-4Q178,-4 126,40Q74,84 74,154Q74,207 120,231Q49,298 49,411Q49,453 72,525Q95,602 121,626L169,626Q91,501 91,412Q91,328 141.5,279.5Q192,231 278,231Q310,231 356,246Q382,255 391,262Q407,274 407,296Q407,330 374.5,363Q342,396 308,396Q273,396 236,354L202,388Q227,416 245.5,425Q264,434 301,434Q332,434 362,449Q397,467 397,495Q397,567 336,567Q287,567 287,532Q287,515 302,495Q291,492 251,473Q231,495 231,522Q231,557 260.5,584.5Q290,612 325,612L357,612Q394,612 421.5,578Q449,544 449,506Q449,444 393,412Q456,365 456,270L456,-3ZM406,152L406,226Q349,188 281,188Q231,188 162,209Q123,186 123,148Q123,96 166,66Q204,39 258,39Q295,39 350.5,78Q406,117 406,152Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ୱ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0B71 ୱ ORIYA LETTER WA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA LETTER WA</span></span> is sometimes used in Perso-Arabic or English loan words for [w]. It appears to have originally been devised as a ligature of <span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 487 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M467,189Q467,125 423,69Q368,0 277,0Q183,0 111,81Q30,173 30,321Q30,411 62,514Q90,604 114,626L162,626Q78,494 78,325Q78,223 126,142Q183,46 279,48Q334,49 376.5,88Q419,127 419,181Q419,214 395,248.5Q371,283 340,283Q320,283 230,231L205,272Q243,293 309,333Q355,361 376,386Q406,421 406,469Q406,504 391,533Q373,568 341,568Q306,568 284.5,543Q263,518 263,483Q263,456 295,404L250,385Q215,447 215,485Q215,514 237,553Q271,612 336,612Q396,612 427,567Q454,529 454,466Q454,366 376,324Q405,311 432,279Q467,237 467,189Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l37gb">o</i> and <span title="U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 528 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,373Q508,297 465,237L419,255Q460,302 460,373Q460,453 404.5,508.5Q349,564 269,564Q188,564 133,509Q78,454 78,373Q78,295 130,242Q140,278 169.5,300Q199,322 237,322Q294,322 326,278Q354,239 354,180L354,0L306,0L306,61Q278,38 237,38Q186,38 151,84Q120,127 120,180L120,187Q30,258 30,373Q30,473 99.5,542.5Q169,612 269,612Q369,612 438.5,542.5Q508,473 508,373ZM306,180Q306,217 290,243Q271,274 237,274Q203,274 184,243Q168,217 168,180Q168,143 184,117Q203,86 237,86Q271,86 290,117Q306,143 306,180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ବ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i>, but because ligatures of independent vowels and consonants are not normally used in Oriya, this letter has been encoded as a single character that does not have a decomposition. It is used initially in words or orthographic syllables to represent the foreign consonant; as a native semivowel, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-15ldlla">virama + ba</i> is used because that is historically accurate. Glyph variants of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etpif4">wa</i> are <span title="U+0B71 ୱ ORIYA LETTER WA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 473 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M447,-4Q430,-8 418,-8Q394,-8 394,17Q394,27 396.5,46.5Q399,66 399,76Q399,101 392,121Q372,96 337,96Q293,96 256.5,131Q220,166 216,210Q196,208 177,208Q17,208 17,354Q17,461 114,668Q118,667 128.5,661Q139,655 139,652Q135,623 87,507Q46,409 51,359Q56,309 108,278Q153,252 207,252Q252,252 286,273Q326,297 326,340Q326,367 307,386.5Q288,406 260,409Q245,410 225,395Q205,380 202,380Q194,380 187,391Q192,407 241,462Q290,517 290,541Q290,572 223,580Q206,582 187.5,559.5Q169,537 169,518Q169,503 182,492Q195,498 195,510Q195,543 194,538Q200,539 204,539Q227,539 227,512Q227,472 198,463Q178,457 164,457Q124,457 124,495Q124,532 156.5,571.5Q189,611 225,613Q259,615 296,589Q333,563 333,530Q333,512 317,487Q306,468 292,444Q352,403 352,350Q352,296 283,219Q269,202 269,188Q269,151 327,151Q362,151 383,171Q404,191 403,226Q417,232 447,230L447,-4Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ୱ</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0B71 ୱ ORIYA LETTER WA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M518,476Q518,366 438,323Q426,316 413,311L417,311L417,0L369,0L369,69Q335,38 282,38Q218,38 178.5,85Q139,132 139,197Q139,239 154,265.5Q169,292 185,303Q128,324 85,367Q38,414 38,506Q38,583 77,612L125,612Q86,558 86,509Q86,423 147,375Q203,330 291,330Q360,330 411,365Q470,404 470,470Q470,564 397,564Q348,564 348,513L348,429L300,429L300,513Q300,564 244,564Q221,564 205,549.5Q189,535 189,512Q189,490 226,465L197,427Q141,472 141,511Q141,557 171.5,584.5Q202,612 248,612Q295,612 322,580Q354,612 398,612Q456,612 487,573.5Q518,535 518,476ZM369,185L369,296Q299,277 230,290Q187,253 187,197Q187,152 212.5,119Q238,86 282,86Q324,86 346.5,114Q369,142 369,185Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ୱ</span></span></span>, and <span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O U+0B2C ବ ORIYA LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 542 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M467,189Q467,125 423,69Q368,0 277,0Q183,0 111,81Q30,173 30,321Q30,411 62,514Q90,604 114,626L162,626Q78,494 78,325Q78,223 126,142Q183,46 279,48Q334,49 376.5,88Q419,127 419,181Q419,214 395,248.5Q371,283 340,283Q320,283 230,231L205,272Q243,293 309,333Q355,361 376,386Q406,421 406,469Q406,504 391,533Q373,568 341,568Q306,568 284.5,543Q263,518 263,483Q263,456 295,404L250,385Q215,447 215,485Q215,514 237,553Q271,612 336,612Q396,612 427,567Q454,529 454,466Q454,366 376,324Q405,311 432,279Q467,237 467,189Z" /><path transform="translate(487)" d="M-30,-186L-78,-186L-78,-131Q-107,-150 -138,-150Q-181,-150 -211.5,-121.5Q-242,-93 -242,-50Q-242,-28 -228,0L-181,0Q-194,-23 -194,-51Q-194,-73 -177.5,-87.5Q-161,-102 -138,-102Q-114,-102 -96,-83Q-78,-64 -78,-40L-78,0L-30,0L-30,-186Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓବ</span></span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G36996" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36996" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation and Symbols.</span></span> Danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Oriya are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>. The mark <span title="U+0B70 ୰ ORIYA ISSHAR" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B70 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA ISSHAR</span></span> is placed before names of persons who are deceased.</p> <p>The sacred syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1en4hhg">om</i> is formed by <span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B13 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA LETTER O</span></span> and <span title="U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B01 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU</span></span>. Ligation of the two glyphs can be encouraged or discouraged by the use of <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> or <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> between the two characters, as seen in <a href="#G693243" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-25</a>. In the absence of a joiner, both the non-ligated and the ligated forms are acceptable renderings.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G693243" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G693243" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-25.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-yvnp43">Ligation for the Syllable <i>om</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 625 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M248,590Q171,524 128,444Q85,364 85,279Q85,185 140,119Q188,46 344,39Q400,40 440,73Q481,106 481,154Q481,193 459.5,220Q438,247 409,247Q382,227 361.5,214.5Q341,202 328,198L299,243Q371,274 414,329Q457,384 457,446Q457,474 437.5,494Q418,514 391,514Q363,514 343,493Q323,472 323,442Q323,436 324.5,431Q326,426 328,419Q332,409 334,404.5Q336,400 336,397Q336,388 328.5,381.5Q321,375 310,375Q294,375 277.5,397.5Q261,420 261,442Q261,492 299,527.5Q337,563 391,563Q444,563 481.5,529Q519,495 519,446Q519,410 503.5,370.5Q488,331 457,292Q498,272 521,235Q544,198 544,154Q544,85 484,37Q427,-11 345,-13Q162,-4 98,83Q24,164 24,279Q24,367 69.5,459.5Q115,552 196,622Q212,635 226,650L267,607Q258,598 248,590Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 451 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M176,615Q168,622 168,635Q168,650 176,658Q184,666 199,666Q212,666 220.5,658Q229,650 229,635Q229,623 220,615Q213,607 202,607Q185,606 176,615ZM199,508Q146,508 105,543.5Q64,579 54,634L103,634Q110,598 137.5,573Q165,548 199,548Q233,548 260.5,573Q288,598 294,634L344,634Q334,579 293.5,543.5Q253,508 199,508ZM33,256Q14,256 14,274Q14,292 33,292Q51,292 51,274Q51,256 33,256ZM28,339Q28,357 46,357Q64,357 64,339Q64,320 47,320Q28,320 28,339ZM64,393Q64,412 82,412Q101,412 101,394Q101,376 82,376Q64,376 64,393ZM119,430Q119,449 137,449Q156,449 156,430Q156,412 137,412Q119,412 119,430ZM184,444Q184,462 202,462Q220,462 220,444Q220,425 202,425Q184,425 184,444ZM266,449Q284,449 284,430Q284,412 266,412Q247,412 247,430Q247,449 266,449ZM321,412Q339,412 339,394Q339,376 321,376Q302,376 302,394Q302,412 321,412ZM358,357Q376,357 376,339Q376,320 357,320Q339,320 339,339Q339,357 358,357ZM371,292Q389,292 389,274Q389,256 371,256Q352,256 352,274Q352,292 371,292ZM376,210Q376,192 357,192Q339,192 339,210Q339,229 357,229Q376,229 376,210ZM339,155Q339,137 321,137Q303,137 303,155Q303,174 321,174Q339,174 339,155ZM284,119Q284,101 266,101Q248,101 248,119Q248,138 266,138Q284,138 284,119ZM220,106Q220,87 202,87Q184,87 184,106Q184,124 202,124Q220,124 220,106ZM137,101Q119,101 119,119Q119,138 137,138Q156,138 156,120Q156,101 137,101ZM83,137Q64,137 64,155Q64,174 82,174Q101,174 101,155Q101,137 83,137ZM46,192Q28,192 28,210Q28,229 46,229Q64,229 64,210Q64,192 46,192Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ଁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 625 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,751Q139,762 139,783Q139,803 150.5,814.5Q162,826 181,826Q199,826 210,814.5Q221,803 221,783Q221,763 211,751Q200,741 184,739Q162,739 150,751ZM95,83Q22,164 22,279Q22,367 67,459.5Q112,552 193,622Q274,692 297.5,761.5Q321,831 206,943L251,982Q378,852 350.5,754Q323,656 245.5,590Q168,524 125,444Q82,364 82,279Q82,185 138,119Q185,46 341,39Q398,40 437,73Q479,106 479,154Q479,193 457.5,220Q436,247 406,247Q379,227 358.5,214.5Q338,202 326,198L296,243Q368,274 411,329Q454,384 454,446Q454,474 435,494Q416,514 389,514Q360,514 340,493Q320,472 320,442Q320,436 321.5,431Q323,426 326,419Q329,409 331,404.5Q333,400 333,397Q333,388 326,381.5Q319,375 308,375Q292,375 275,397.5Q258,420 258,442Q258,492 296.5,527.5Q335,563 389,563Q441,563 479,529Q517,495 517,446Q517,410 501,370.5Q485,331 454,292Q495,272 518,235Q541,198 541,154Q541,85 481,37Q424,-11 342,-13Q159,-4 95,83Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ‍ଁ</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1075 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M801,609Q801,588 786,573.5Q771,559 751,559Q730,559 715.5,573.5Q701,588 701,609Q701,630 715.5,644.5Q730,659 751,659Q771,659 786,644.5Q801,630 801,609ZM104,324Q104,268 123.5,219Q143,170 176.5,133.5Q210,97 255.5,76Q301,55 352,55Q385,55 413,64.5Q441,74 462.5,90Q484,106 496.5,127Q509,148 509,173Q509,187 504,202.5Q499,218 488.5,232.5Q478,247 461.5,259Q445,271 421,278Q407,269 388.5,261.5Q370,254 349,246L324,299Q352,307 375.5,320.5Q399,334 417.5,350.5Q436,367 445.5,385Q455,403 455,420Q455,435 449.5,448.5Q444,462 433.5,471.5Q423,481 409.5,487Q396,493 379,493Q368,493 355,488Q342,483 331,474Q329,472 328,471Q327,470 326,470Q333,462 337.5,452.5Q342,443 342,432Q342,411 327.5,396.5Q313,382 292,382Q271,382 256.5,396.5Q242,411 242,432Q242,443 246,451Q253,471 268,490Q290,519 319.5,535.5Q349,552 379,552Q407,552 432,541.5Q457,531 475,513.5Q493,496 503.5,472Q514,448 514,420Q514,409 511,396Q508,383 502,370.5Q496,358 488,345Q480,332 470,323Q490,315 508,299Q526,283 538.5,262.5Q551,242 559.5,218.5Q568,195 568,173Q568,136 550.5,104Q533,72 504,47.5Q475,23 436,9Q397,-5 352,-5Q288,-5 232.5,21Q177,47 135,91.5Q93,136 69,196Q45,256 45,324Q45,374 60,424.5Q75,475 100.5,526.5Q126,578 181.5,624Q237,670 324,712Q445,761 535,736Q625,711 632,609Q632,585 642,564Q652,542 667,526.5Q682,511 704,501Q726,491 751,491Q774,491 796,501Q818,511 834,526.5Q850,542 859.5,563.5Q869,585 869,610L928,610Q928,572 914,540Q900,508 876.5,484Q853,460 820,446Q787,432 751,432Q713,432 681,446Q649,460 625.5,484Q602,508 587.5,540Q573,572 573,610Q567,669 510,683.5Q453,698 401.5,681Q350,664 309,641Q268,618 219,577Q170,536 149,492.5Q128,449 116,407Q104,365 104,324Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ‍ଁ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 625 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M246,590Q168,524 125,444Q82,364 82,279Q82,185 138,119Q185,46 341,39Q398,40 437,73Q479,106 479,154Q479,193 457.5,220Q436,247 406,247Q379,227 358.5,214.5Q338,202 326,198L296,243Q368,274 411,329Q454,384 454,446Q454,474 435,494Q416,514 389,514Q360,514 340,493Q320,472 320,442Q320,436 321.5,431Q323,426 326,419Q329,409 331,404.5Q333,400 333,397Q333,388 326,381.5Q319,375 307,375Q292,375 275,397.5Q258,420 258,442Q258,492 296.5,527.5Q335,563 389,563Q441,563 479,529Q517,495 517,446Q517,410 501,370.5Q485,331 454,292Q495,272 518,235Q541,198 541,154Q541,85 481,37Q424,-11 342,-13Q159,-4 95,83Q22,164 22,279Q22,367 67,459.5Q112,552 193,622Q210,635 223,650L265,607Q256,598 246,590Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 657,44Q685,44 685,83L685,259L738,259L738,84Q738,1 659,1Q576,1 576,97L576,103L626,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 451 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M176,615Q168,622 168,635Q168,650 176,658Q184,666 199,666Q212,666 220.5,658Q229,650 229,635Q229,623 220,615Q213,607 202,607Q185,606 176,615ZM199,508Q146,508 105,543.5Q64,579 54,634L103,634Q110,598 137.5,573Q165,548 199,548Q233,548 260.5,573Q288,598 294,634L344,634Q334,579 293.5,543.5Q253,508 199,508ZM33,256Q14,256 14,274Q14,292 33,292Q51,292 51,274Q51,256 33,256ZM28,339Q28,357 46,357Q64,357 64,339Q64,320 47,320Q28,320 28,339ZM64,393Q64,412 82,412Q101,412 101,394Q101,376 82,376Q64,376 64,393ZM119,430Q119,449 137,449Q156,449 156,430Q156,412 137,412Q119,412 119,430ZM184,444Q184,462 202,462Q220,462 220,444Q220,425 202,425Q184,425 184,444ZM266,449Q284,449 284,430Q284,412 266,412Q247,412 247,430Q247,449 266,449ZM321,412Q339,412 339,394Q339,376 321,376Q302,376 302,394Q302,412 321,412ZM358,357Q376,357 376,339Q376,320 357,320Q339,320 339,339Q339,357 358,357ZM371,292Q389,292 389,274Q389,256 371,256Q352,256 352,274Q352,292 371,292ZM376,210Q376,192 357,192Q339,192 339,210Q339,229 357,229Q376,229 376,210ZM339,155Q339,137 321,137Q303,137 303,155Q303,174 321,174Q339,174 339,155ZM284,119Q284,101 266,101Q248,101 248,119Q248,138 266,138Q284,138 284,119ZM220,106Q220,87 202,87Q184,87 184,106Q184,124 202,124Q220,124 220,106ZM137,101Q119,101 119,119Q119,138 137,138Q156,138 156,120Q156,101 137,101ZM83,137Q64,137 64,155Q64,174 82,174Q101,174 101,155Q101,137 83,137ZM46,192Q28,192 28,210Q28,229 46,229Q64,229 64,210Q64,192 46,192Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ଁ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B13 ଓ ORIYA LETTER O U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER U+0B01 ◌ଁ ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 625 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M246,590Q168,524 125,444Q82,364 82,279Q82,185 138,119Q185,46 341,39Q398,40 437,73Q479,106 479,154Q479,193 457.5,220Q436,247 406,247Q379,227 358.5,214.5Q338,202 326,198L296,243Q368,274 411,329Q454,384 454,446Q454,474 435,494Q416,514 389,514Q360,514 340,493Q320,472 320,442Q320,436 321.5,431Q323,426 326,419Q329,409 331,404.5Q333,400 333,397Q333,388 326,381.5Q319,375 307,375Q292,375 275,397.5Q258,420 258,442Q258,492 296.5,527.5Q335,563 389,563Q441,563 479,529Q517,495 517,446Q517,410 501,370.5Q485,331 454,292Q495,272 518,235Q541,198 541,154Q541,85 481,37Q424,-11 342,-13Q159,-4 95,83Q22,164 22,279Q22,367 67,459.5Q112,552 193,622Q210,635 223,650L265,607Q256,598 246,590ZM382,759Q374,766 374,779Q374,794 382.5,802Q391,810 405,810Q418,810 426.5,802Q435,794 435,779Q435,767 427,759Q419,751 408,751Q391,750 382,759ZM405,652Q352,652 311,687.5Q270,723 260,778L310,778Q317,742 344,717Q371,692 405,692Q439,692 466.5,717Q494,742 500,778L550,778Q540,723 499.5,687.5Q459,652 405,652Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ଓ‌ଁ</span></span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G672416" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G672416" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Fraction Characters.</span></span> As for many other scripts of India, Oriya has characters used to denote factional values. These were more commonly used before the advent of decimal weights, measures, and currencies. Oriya uses six signs: three for quarter values (1/4, 1/2, 3/4) and three for sixteenth values (1/16, 1/8, and 3/16). These are used additively, with quarter values appearing before sixteenths. Thus <span title="U+0B73 ୳ ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B73 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF</span></span> followed by <span title="U+0B75 ୵ ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B75 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH</span></span> represents the value 5/16.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G10162" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10162" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6 Tamil</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11132" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11132" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6.1 Tamil: U+0B80–U+0BFF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1b4qd4">The Tamil script is descended from the South Indian branch of Brahmi. It is used to write the Tamil language of the Tamil Nadu state in India as well as minority languages such as Irula, the Dravidian language Badaga, and the Indo-European language Saurashtra. Tamil is also used in Sri Lanka, Singapore, and parts of Malaysia.</p> <p>The Tamil script has fewer consonants than the other Indic scripts. When representing the “missing” consonants in transcriptions of languages such as Sanskrit or Saurashtra, superscript European digits are often used, so <span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 661 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,66L511,66L511,495L588,495L588,0L73,0L73,495L150,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ப</span></span></span><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">²</span> = <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cs7fp1">pha</i>, <span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 661 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,66L511,66L511,495L588,495L588,0L73,0L73,495L150,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ப</span></span></span><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">³</span> = <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfbhz">ba</i>, and <span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 661 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,66L511,66L511,495L588,495L588,0L73,0L73,495L150,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ப</span></span></span><span class="svelte-q8xmtw">⁴</span> = <i data-svelte-h="svelte-csjo4n">bha</i>. The characters <span title="U+00B2 ² SUPERSCRIPT TWO" class="svelte-wim892">U+00B2</span>, <span title="U+00B3 ³ SUPERSCRIPT THREE" class="svelte-wim892">U+00B3</span>, and <span title="U+2074 ⁴ SUPERSCRIPT FOUR" class="svelte-wim892">U+2074</span> can be used to preserve this distinction in plain text. The Grantha script is often also used by Tamil speakers to write Sanskrit because Grantha contains these missing consonants.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-15xmn8u">The Tamil script also avoids the use of conjunct consonant forms, although a few conventional conjuncts are used.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G679149" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G679149" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Virama (Puḷḷi).</span></span> Because the Tamil encoding in the Unicode Standard is based on ISCII-1988 (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange), it makes use of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-f3mruf">abugida</i> model. An abugida treats the basic consonants as containing an inherent vowel, which can be canceled by the use of a visible mark, called a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> in Sanskrit. In most Brahmi-derived scripts, the placement of a virama between two consonants implies the deletion of the inherent vowel of the first consonant and causes a conjoined or subjoined consonant cluster. In those scripts, <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> is used to display a visible virama, as shown previously in the Devanagari example in <a href="#G14632" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-4</a>.</p> <p>The situation is quite different for Tamil because the script uses very few consonant conjuncts. An orthographic cluster consisting of multiple consonants (represented by <C1, <span title="U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BCD <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(12695) scale(9 -9)" d="M-705 1376Q-705 1428 -669 1464Q-633 1500 -581 1500Q-529 1500 -494 1464Q-459 1428 -459 1376Q-459 1324 -494 1289Q-529 1254 -581 1254Q-633 1254 -669 1290Q-705 1326 -705 1376Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, C2, …>) is normally displayed with explicit viramas, which are called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f1afuq">puḷḷi</i> in Tamil. The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f1afuq">puḷḷi</i> is typically rendered as a dot centered above the character. It occasionally appears as small circle instead of a dot, but this glyph variant should be handled by the font, and not be represented by the similar-appearing <span title="U+0B82 ◌ஂ TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B82 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(9743 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M-500 1352Q-500 1452 -427 1525Q-354 1598 -254 1598Q-154 1598 -81 1526Q-8 1454 -8 1352Q-8 1252 -80 1179Q-152 1106 -254 1106Q-354 1106 -427 1179Q-500 1252 -500 1352ZM-400 1352Q-400 1290 -357 1247Q-314 1204 -254 1204Q-192 1204 -149 1247Q-106 1290 -106 1352Q-106 1414 -149 1457Q-192 1500 -254 1500Q-316 1500 -358 1457Q-400 1414 -400 1352Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ஂ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA</span></span>.</p> <p>The conjuncts <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1bu7ut6">kssa</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-bco63f">shrii</i> are traditionally displayed by conjunct ligatures, as illustrated for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1bu7ut6">kssa</i> in <a href="#G745718" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-15</a>, but nowadays tend to be displayed using an explicit <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f1afuq">puḷḷi</i> as well.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G745718" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G745718" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-15.</span> Kssa Ligature in Tamil</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(369)" d="M-106,703Q-81,703 -64.5,686.5Q-48,670 -48,647Q-48,624 -64.5,607.5Q-81,591 -104,591Q-129,591 -145.5,607.5Q-162,624 -162,647Q-162,670 -145.5,686.5Q-129,703 -106,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1097 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M326,500Q384,500 433,480.5Q482,461 518,425.5Q554,390 574,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L743,63L824,231Q746,232 700,268Q654,304 654,366Q654,397 666,422Q678,447 698.5,464.5Q719,482 746,491Q773,500 803,500Q834,500 860,490.5Q886,481 905.5,463.5Q925,446 936,421.5Q947,397 947,368Q947,348 940.5,328Q934,308 925,288Q995,283 1038,250Q1081,217 1081,151Q1081,82 1030,41Q979,0 881,0L794,0L698,-201L634,-171L717,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 465,377Q440,404 403.5,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 66.5,332.5Q87,385 124.5,422Q162,459 213,479.5Q264,500 326,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230ZM900,230L820,63L886,63Q949,63 977,89.5Q1005,116 1005,151Q1005,189 978,209.5Q951,230 903,230L900,230ZM729,368Q729,331 758,311Q787,291 843,291L850,291Q872,331 872,365Q872,394 852,414.5Q832,435 800,435Q767,435 748,416Q729,397 729,368Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஷ</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1435 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM586,228Q581,213 578.5,195.5Q576,178 576,164Q576,106 602,81Q628,56 662,56Q691,56 712,76.5Q733,97 733,135Q733,182 699.5,205Q666,228 606,228L586,228ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293ZM867,0L843,48Q862,76 872.5,108Q883,140 883,182Q883,251 840.5,292.5Q798,334 723,334Q687,334 658.5,320.5Q630,307 613,287Q707,287 755.5,245.5Q804,204 804,135Q804,106 794,80.5Q784,55 765,35.5Q746,16 719.5,4.5Q693,-7 659,-7Q619,-7 590,7Q561,21 542,44Q523,67 514,98Q505,129 505,163Q505,180 507,198Q509,216 514,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L554,495L554,433L409,433L409,292L539,292Q567,340 616.5,367.5Q666,395 729,395Q780,395 821.5,379.5Q863,364 893,335.5Q923,307 939,268Q955,229 955,183Q955,142 945.5,112Q936,82 925,63L1081,63L1162,231Q1084,232 1038,268Q992,304 992,366Q992,397 1004,422Q1016,447 1036.5,464.5Q1057,482 1084,491Q1111,500 1141,500Q1172,500 1198,490.5Q1224,481 1243.5,463.5Q1263,446 1274,421.5Q1285,397 1285,368Q1285,348 1278.5,328Q1272,308 1263,288Q1333,283 1376,250Q1419,217 1419,151Q1419,82 1368,41Q1317,0 1219,0L1132,0L1036,-201L972,-171L1055,0L867,0ZM1238,230L1158,63L1224,63Q1287,63 1315,89.5Q1343,116 1343,151Q1343,189 1316,209.5Q1289,230 1241,230L1238,230ZM1067,368Q1067,331 1096,311Q1125,291 1181,291L1188,291Q1210,331 1210,365Q1210,394 1190,414.5Q1170,435 1138,435Q1105,435 1086,416Q1067,397 1067,368Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க்ஷ</span></span></span> <i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-mccpyn">kṣa</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>To explicitly display a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f1afuq">puḷḷi</i> for such sequences, <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> can be inserted after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f1afuq">puḷḷi</i> in the sequence of characters.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73007" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73007" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering of the Tamil Script.</span></span> The Tamil script is complex and requires special rules for rendering. The following discussion describes the most important features of Tamil rendering behavior. As with any script, a more complex procedure can add rendering characteristics, depending on the font and application.</p> <blockquote data-svelte-h="svelte-hvr0p3"><p><i>In a font that is capable of rendering Tamil, the number of glyphs is greater than the number of Tamil characters.</i></p></blockquote> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G73010" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73010" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6.2 Tamil Vowels</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G734904" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G734904" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G734091" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-26</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G734091" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G734091" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-26.</span> Tamil Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0B86 ஆ TAMIL LETTER AA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="468 -22528 22572 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M52 246Q52 298 95 333Q138 368 200 368H1626Q1638 402 1644 439Q1650 476 1650 516Q1650 658 1549 770Q1448 882 1294 910Q1334 880 1357 828Q1380 776 1380 712Q1380 612 1301 540Q1222 468 1108 468Q1008 468 935 546Q862 624 862 738Q862 852 963 930Q1064 1008 1208 1008Q1442 1008 1607 864Q1772 720 1772 516Q1772 476 1766 440Q1760 404 1748 368H1970V984H2092V148Q2132 194 2190 220Q2248 246 2314 246Q2414 246 2487 167Q2560 88 2560 -24Q2560 -258 2322 -424Q2084 -590 1748 -590Q1554 -590 1417 -521Q1280 -452 1280 -356Q1280 -274 1367 -217Q1454 -160 1576 -160Q1652 -160 1723 -178Q1794 -196 1858 -234L1784 -320Q1732 -290 1679 -274Q1626 -258 1576 -258Q1504 -258 1454 -284Q1404 -310 1404 -344Q1404 -406 1512 -449Q1620 -492 1772 -492Q2048 -492 2242 -355Q2436 -218 2436 -24Q2436 42 2393 89Q2350 136 2288 136Q2226 136 2173 89Q2120 42 2092 -36V-320H1970V270H1724Q1650 70 1431 -51Q1212 -172 924 -172Q734 -172 550 -122Q366 -72 200 24Q132 64 92 123Q52 182 52 246ZM962 712Q962 650 1008 608Q1054 566 1122 566Q1188 566 1234 609Q1280 652 1280 712Q1280 784 1234 835Q1188 886 1122 886Q1056 886 1009 835Q962 784 962 712ZM174 222Q174 210 187 191Q200 172 224 148Q330 42 509 -16Q688 -74 912 -74Q1166 -74 1355 21Q1544 116 1600 270H224Q204 270 189 255Q174 240 174 222Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஆ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1k8wn2q">0B86</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1iwuc3p"><0B85, 0BC2></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73400" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73400" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Independent Versus Dependent Vowels.</span></span> In the Tamil script, the dependent vowel signs are not equivalent to a sequence of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1a0qkst">independent vowel</i>. For example:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11265 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10220 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M424 12H319V1102Q319 1194 243.5 1267.5Q168 1341 76 1341Q-197 1341 -197 1108Q-197 1018 -152 920Q-102 811 -29 778L-137 733Q-307 913 -307 1110Q-307 1452 72 1452Q221 1452 322.5 1343.5Q424 1235 424 1083Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span> ≠ <span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(12695) scale(9 -9)" d="M-705 1376Q-705 1428 -669 1464Q-633 1500 -581 1500Q-529 1500 -494 1464Q-459 1428 -459 1376Q-459 1324 -494 1289Q-529 1254 -581 1254Q-633 1254 -669 1290Q-705 1326 -705 1376Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0B87 இ TAMIL LETTER I" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="126 -22528 16164 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M654 664Q654 592 697 542Q740 492 802 492Q864 492 907 542Q950 592 950 664Q950 736 906 786Q862 836 802 836Q740 836 697 786Q654 736 654 664ZM14 -344Q14 -226 94 -120Q174 -14 310 50Q226 198 182 360Q138 522 138 688Q138 1064 397 1331Q656 1598 1022 1598Q1348 1598 1579 1353Q1810 1108 1810 762V0H1686V762Q1686 1066 1492 1283Q1298 1500 1022 1500Q708 1500 484 1263Q260 1026 260 688Q260 536 298 392Q336 248 408 122Q514 184 650 215Q786 246 950 246Q1016 246 1085 234Q1154 222 1220 196Q1238 264 1247 345Q1256 426 1256 516Q1256 678 1166 794Q1076 910 950 910H876Q954 882 1001 815Q1048 748 1048 664Q1048 550 975 472Q902 394 802 394Q702 394 629 472Q556 550 556 664Q556 806 671 907Q786 1008 950 1008Q1122 1008 1244 864Q1366 720 1366 516Q1366 412 1354 325Q1342 238 1318 172Q1472 116 1567 -19Q1662 -154 1662 -320Q1662 -442 1561 -528Q1460 -614 1318 -614Q1180 -614 1052 -570Q924 -526 826 -442Q728 -526 588 -570Q448 -614 286 -614Q172 -614 93 -536Q14 -458 14 -344ZM138 -344Q138 -416 181 -466Q224 -516 286 -516Q402 -516 512 -482Q622 -448 716 -382Q590 -294 500 -204Q410 -114 358 -24Q258 -76 198 -162Q138 -248 138 -344ZM482 24Q538 -74 625 -159Q712 -244 826 -308Q954 -218 1042 -114Q1130 -10 1170 98Q1104 122 1047 135Q990 148 950 148Q824 148 706 117Q588 86 482 24ZM924 -382Q1040 -448 1140 -482Q1240 -516 1318 -516Q1408 -516 1474 -458Q1540 -400 1540 -320Q1540 -188 1466 -79Q1392 30 1268 74Q1216 -66 1129 -183Q1042 -300 924 -382Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">இ</span></span></span></td></tr> </table> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G80214" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80214" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Left-Side Vowels.</span></span> The Tamil vowels <span title="U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BC6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-10137 -22528 22280 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10878) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1793 308Q-1793 212 -1736 143Q-1679 74 -1597 74Q-1515 74 -1458 143Q-1401 212 -1401 308Q-1401 404 -1459 472Q-1517 540 -1597 540Q-1679 540 -1736 472Q-1793 404 -1793 308ZM-2335 762Q-2335 1118 -2111 1370Q-1887 1622 -1573 1622Q-1349 1622 -1190 1471Q-1031 1320 -1031 1106V0H-1155V1106Q-1155 1278 -1278 1401Q-1401 1524 -1573 1524Q-1843 1524 -2034 1300Q-2225 1076 -2225 762Q-2225 508 -2113 324Q-2001 140 -1831 110Q-1867 152 -1886 206Q-1905 260 -1905 320Q-1905 452 -1815 546Q-1725 640 -1597 640Q-1469 640 -1379 546Q-1289 452 -1289 320Q-1289 150 -1383 63Q-1477 -24 -1659 -24Q-1939 -24 -2137 206Q-2335 436 -2335 762Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BC7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-9921 -22528 22064 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(9789) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2190 812Q-2190 1138 -1973 1368Q-1756 1598 -1452 1598Q-1228 1598 -1069 1490Q-910 1382 -910 1230Q-910 1116 -989 1037Q-1068 958 -1182 958Q-1296 958 -1374 1037Q-1452 1116 -1452 1230Q-1452 1318 -1398 1393Q-1344 1468 -1254 1500Q-1288 1512 -1338 1518Q-1388 1524 -1452 1524Q-1708 1524 -1887 1315Q-2066 1106 -2066 812Q-2066 508 -1887 291Q-1708 74 -1452 74Q-1388 74 -1339 80Q-1290 86 -1254 98Q-1342 130 -1397 205Q-1452 280 -1452 368Q-1452 482 -1373 561Q-1294 640 -1182 640Q-1068 640 -989 561Q-910 482 -910 368Q-910 206 -1069 91Q-1228 -24 -1452 -24Q-1756 -24 -1973 220Q-2190 464 -2190 812ZM-1354 1230Q-1354 1158 -1303 1108Q-1252 1058 -1182 1058Q-1110 1058 -1060 1108Q-1010 1158 -1010 1230Q-1010 1312 -1060 1369Q-1110 1426 -1182 1426Q-1254 1426 -1304 1368Q-1354 1310 -1354 1230ZM-1354 368Q-1354 286 -1303 229Q-1252 172 -1182 172Q-1110 172 -1060 230Q-1010 288 -1010 368Q-1010 440 -1060 490Q-1110 540 -1182 540Q-1254 540 -1304 490Q-1354 440 -1354 368Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ே</span></span></span>, and <span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BC8 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span> are reordered in front of the consonant to which they are applied. When occurring in a syllable, these vowels are rendered to the left side of their consonant, as shown in <a href="#G708222" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-16</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G708222" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G708222" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-16.</span> Tamil Vowel Reordering</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1367 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1501 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கெ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1212 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(681)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ே</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1356 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(691)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கே</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1582 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q608,445 625,456.5Q642,468 663.5,478Q685,488 711,494Q737,500 768,500Q822,500 866,481Q910,462 941.5,428.5Q973,395 990,348Q1007,301 1007,246Q1007,201 998.5,163Q990,125 976,93Q962,61 944.5,35Q927,9 910,-11L852,34Q865,50 879,71.5Q893,93 904.5,119.5Q916,146 923,178Q930,210 930,248Q930,289 918,323.5Q906,358 884,382.5Q862,407 831,420.5Q800,434 763,434Q727,434 698,423.5Q669,413 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 193.5,381Q159,355 138,317.5Q117,280 114,234Q133,260 164,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,234.5Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /><path transform="translate(1051)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1716 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q608,445 625,456.5Q642,468 663.5,478Q685,488 711,494Q737,500 768,500Q822,500 866,481Q910,462 941.5,428.5Q973,395 990,348Q1007,301 1007,246Q1007,201 998.5,163Q990,125 976,93Q962,61 944.5,35Q927,9 910,-11L852,34Q865,50 879,71.5Q893,93 904.5,119.5Q916,146 923,178Q930,210 930,248Q930,289 918,323.5Q906,358 884,382.5Q862,407 831,420.5Q800,434 763,434Q727,434 698,423.5Q669,413 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 193.5,381Q159,355 138,317.5Q117,280 114,234Q133,260 164,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,234.5Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /><path transform="translate(1051)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கை</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73019" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73019" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Two-Part Vowels.</span></span> Tamil also has several vowels that consist of elements which flank the consonant to which they are applied. A sequence of two Unicode code points can be used to express equivalent spellings for these vowels, as shown in <a href="#G74906" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-17</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G74906" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G74906" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-17.</span> Tamil Two-Part Vowels</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892">0BCA <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7013 -22528 26766 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1839 321Q-1839 228 -1797.5 161Q-1756 94 -1697 94Q-1637 94 -1596 161Q-1555 228 -1555 321Q-1555 414 -1597 480.5Q-1639 547 -1697 547Q-1756 547 -1797.5 480.5Q-1839 414 -1839 321ZM-2231 762Q-2231 1108 -2069 1352.5Q-1907 1597 -1680 1597Q-1517 1597 -1402 1450Q-1287 1303 -1287 1096V23H-1377V1096Q-1377 1263 -1466 1382Q-1555 1501 -1680 1501Q-1875 1501 -2013 1284Q-2151 1067 -2151 762Q-2151 516 -2070 337Q-1989 158 -1866 129Q-1892 169 -1906 222Q-1920 275 -1920 333Q-1920 461 -1855 552Q-1790 643 -1697 643Q-1604 643 -1539 552Q-1474 461 -1474 333Q-1474 168 -1542 83.5Q-1610 -1 -1742 -1Q-1944 -1 -2087.5 222Q-2231 445 -2231 762ZM101 984H743V886H535V0H444V886H191V0H101Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h4vfoz">≡</td> <td><span title="U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">0BC6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-10137 -22528 22280 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10878) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1793 308Q-1793 212 -1736 143Q-1679 74 -1597 74Q-1515 74 -1458 143Q-1401 212 -1401 308Q-1401 404 -1459 472Q-1517 540 -1597 540Q-1679 540 -1736 472Q-1793 404 -1793 308ZM-2335 762Q-2335 1118 -2111 1370Q-1887 1622 -1573 1622Q-1349 1622 -1190 1471Q-1031 1320 -1031 1106V0H-1155V1106Q-1155 1278 -1278 1401Q-1401 1524 -1573 1524Q-1843 1524 -2034 1300Q-2225 1076 -2225 762Q-2225 508 -2113 324Q-2001 140 -1831 110Q-1867 152 -1886 206Q-1905 260 -1905 320Q-1905 452 -1815 546Q-1725 640 -1597 640Q-1469 640 -1379 546Q-1289 452 -1289 320Q-1289 150 -1383 63Q-1477 -24 -1659 -24Q-1939 -24 -2137 206Q-2335 436 -2335 762Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">0BBE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892">0BCB <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7247 -22528 26964 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M83 984H739V886H527V0H434V886H175V0H83ZM-2257 813Q-2257 1146 -2077.5 1380.5Q-1898 1615 -1648 1615Q-1463 1615 -1332 1505Q-1201 1395 -1201 1240Q-1201 1123 -1267 1042.5Q-1333 962 -1426 962Q-1520 962 -1584 1042.5Q-1648 1123 -1648 1240Q-1648 1329 -1604 1405.5Q-1560 1482 -1485 1515Q-1513 1527 -1554 1533.5Q-1595 1540 -1648 1540Q-1858 1540 -2006 1326.5Q-2154 1113 -2154 813Q-2154 503 -2006 282Q-1858 61 -1648 61Q-1595 61 -1554.5 67Q-1514 73 -1485 85Q-1559 118 -1603.5 194.5Q-1648 271 -1648 360Q-1648 477 -1583.5 557.5Q-1519 638 -1426 638Q-1333 638 -1267 557.5Q-1201 477 -1201 360Q-1201 195 -1332 78Q-1463 -39 -1648 -39Q-1898 -39 -2077.5 209.5Q-2257 458 -2257 813ZM-1568 1240Q-1568 1166 -1526 1115Q-1484 1064 -1426 1064Q-1367 1064 -1326 1115Q-1285 1166 -1285 1240Q-1285 1323 -1326 1381.5Q-1367 1440 -1426 1440Q-1485 1440 -1526.5 1380.5Q-1568 1321 -1568 1240ZM-1568 360Q-1568 277 -1526 218.5Q-1484 160 -1426 160Q-1367 160 -1326 219.5Q-1285 279 -1285 360Q-1285 434 -1326 485Q-1367 536 -1426 536Q-1485 536 -1526.5 485Q-1568 434 -1568 360Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h4vfoz">≡</td> <td><span title="U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE" class="svelte-wim892">0BC7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-9921 -22528 22064 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(9789) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2190 812Q-2190 1138 -1973 1368Q-1756 1598 -1452 1598Q-1228 1598 -1069 1490Q-910 1382 -910 1230Q-910 1116 -989 1037Q-1068 958 -1182 958Q-1296 958 -1374 1037Q-1452 1116 -1452 1230Q-1452 1318 -1398 1393Q-1344 1468 -1254 1500Q-1288 1512 -1338 1518Q-1388 1524 -1452 1524Q-1708 1524 -1887 1315Q-2066 1106 -2066 812Q-2066 508 -1887 291Q-1708 74 -1452 74Q-1388 74 -1339 80Q-1290 86 -1254 98Q-1342 130 -1397 205Q-1452 280 -1452 368Q-1452 482 -1373 561Q-1294 640 -1182 640Q-1068 640 -989 561Q-910 482 -910 368Q-910 206 -1069 91Q-1228 -24 -1452 -24Q-1756 -24 -1973 220Q-2190 464 -2190 812ZM-1354 1230Q-1354 1158 -1303 1108Q-1252 1058 -1182 1058Q-1110 1058 -1060 1108Q-1010 1158 -1010 1230Q-1010 1312 -1060 1369Q-1110 1426 -1182 1426Q-1254 1426 -1304 1368Q-1354 1310 -1354 1230ZM-1354 368Q-1354 286 -1303 229Q-1252 172 -1182 172Q-1110 172 -1060 230Q-1010 288 -1010 368Q-1010 440 -1060 490Q-1110 540 -1182 540Q-1254 540 -1304 490Q-1354 440 -1354 368Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ே</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">0BBE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BCC ◌ௌ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">0BCC <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-4938 -22528 29475 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10497) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1375 308Q-1375 212 -1339 143Q-1303 74 -1252 74Q-1200 74 -1164.5 143Q-1129 212 -1129 308Q-1129 404 -1165.5 472Q-1202 540 -1252 540Q-1303 540 -1339 472Q-1375 404 -1375 308ZM-1715 762Q-1715 1118 -1574.5 1370Q-1434 1622 -1237 1622Q-1096 1622 -996 1471Q-896 1320 -896 1106V0H-974V1106Q-974 1278 -1051.5 1401Q-1129 1524 -1237 1524Q-1406 1524 -1526 1300Q-1646 1076 -1646 762Q-1646 508 -1575.5 324Q-1505 140 -1399 110Q-1421 152 -1433 206Q-1445 260 -1445 320Q-1445 452 -1388.5 546Q-1332 640 -1252 640Q-1171 640 -1114.5 546Q-1058 452 -1058 320Q-1058 150 -1117 63Q-1176 -24 -1291 -24Q-1467 -24 -1591 206Q-1715 436 -1715 762ZM476 296Q476 214 509 156Q542 98 587 98Q634 98 667 156Q700 214 700 296Q700 368 667 418Q634 468 587 468Q540 468 508 417Q476 366 476 296ZM905 984H1560V886H1353V0H1261V886H981V0H887V492Q887 664 805 787Q723 910 607 910Q492 910 409 781Q326 652 326 468Q326 374 355 290Q384 206 438 148Q420 190 410 228Q400 266 400 296Q400 410 455.5 488Q511 566 587 566Q663 566 718.5 487Q774 408 774 296Q774 164 709 70Q644 -24 551 -24Q423 -24 332.5 120Q242 264 242 468Q242 692 348.5 850Q455 1008 607 1008Q706 1008 786.5 955Q867 902 905 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௌ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h4vfoz">≡</td> <td><span title="U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">0BC6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-10137 -22528 22280 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10878) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1793 308Q-1793 212 -1736 143Q-1679 74 -1597 74Q-1515 74 -1458 143Q-1401 212 -1401 308Q-1401 404 -1459 472Q-1517 540 -1597 540Q-1679 540 -1736 472Q-1793 404 -1793 308ZM-2335 762Q-2335 1118 -2111 1370Q-1887 1622 -1573 1622Q-1349 1622 -1190 1471Q-1031 1320 -1031 1106V0H-1155V1106Q-1155 1278 -1278 1401Q-1401 1524 -1573 1524Q-1843 1524 -2034 1300Q-2225 1076 -2225 762Q-2225 508 -2113 324Q-2001 140 -1831 110Q-1867 152 -1886 206Q-1905 260 -1905 320Q-1905 452 -1815 546Q-1725 640 -1597 640Q-1469 640 -1379 546Q-1289 452 -1289 320Q-1289 150 -1383 63Q-1477 -24 -1659 -24Q-1939 -24 -2137 206Q-2335 436 -2335 762Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BD7 ◌ௗ TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">0BD7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 26450 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M369 296Q369 214 412 156Q455 98 517 98Q579 98 622 156Q665 214 665 296Q665 368 622 418Q579 468 517 468Q455 468 412 417Q369 366 369 296ZM935 984H1795V886H1525V0H1401V886H1033V0H911V492Q911 664 802 787Q693 910 541 910Q389 910 281 781Q173 652 173 468Q173 374 211 290Q249 206 319 148Q295 190 283 228Q271 266 271 296Q271 410 343 488Q415 566 517 566Q617 566 690 487Q763 408 763 296Q763 164 677 70Q591 -24 467 -24Q305 -24 190 120Q75 264 75 468Q75 692 211 850Q347 1008 541 1008Q671 1008 777 955Q883 902 935 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௗ</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1f4oq8q">In these examples, the representation on the left, which is a single code point, is the preferred form and the form in common use for Tamil.</p> <p>In the process of rendering, these two-part vowels are transformed into the two separate glyphs equivalent to those on the right, which are then subject to vowel reordering, as shown in <a href="#G707830" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-18</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G707830" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G707830" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-18.</span> Tamil Vowel Splitting and Reordering</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1872 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(1367)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2002 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1497)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கொ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1367 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1036 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(531)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2002 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1497)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கொ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1717 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(681)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 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transform="translate(1212)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1857 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(691)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1352)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கோ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1212 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(681)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 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svelte-12j2c1d">◌ே</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1036 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(531)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1857 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(691)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1352)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கோ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td colspan="3"><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCC ◌ௌ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2284 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 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class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1507)" d="M919,496L919,432L812,432L812,0L737,0L737,432L567,432L567,0L494,0L494,249Q484,339 433,387Q382,435 303,435Q223,435 172,382Q121,329 118,229Q136,258 168,275.5Q200,293 239,293Q271,293 298,282Q325,271 344.5,251.5Q364,232 375,205Q386,178 386,147Q386,112 374,84Q362,56 341,35.5Q320,15 290.5,4Q261,-7 226,-7Q187,-7 154.5,9Q122,25 99,54.5Q76,84 63.5,125.5Q51,167 51,218Q51,285 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d="M919,496L919,432L812,432L812,0L737,0L737,432L567,432L567,0L494,0L494,249Q484,339 433,387Q382,435 303,435Q223,435 172,382Q121,329 118,229Q136,258 168,275.5Q200,293 239,293Q271,293 298,282Q325,271 344.5,251.5Q364,232 375,205Q386,178 386,147Q386,112 374,84Q362,56 341,35.5Q320,15 290.5,4Q261,-7 226,-7Q187,-7 154.5,9Q122,25 99,54.5Q76,84 63.5,125.5Q51,167 51,218Q51,285 71,337.5Q91,390 125.5,426Q160,462 206.5,481Q253,500 306,500Q343,500 374,490.5Q405,481 429,466Q453,451 470.5,432Q488,413 497,393L497,496L919,496ZM224,230Q205,230 189.5,223.5Q174,217 161,206Q148,195 139,181.5Q130,168 124,153Q133,105 162,80.5Q191,56 226,56Q265,56 288.5,81Q312,106 312,144Q312,182 289,206Q266,230 224,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E U+0BD7 ◌ௗ TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2424 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M404,733Q488,733 554.5,706Q621,679 667.5,630.5Q714,582 738.5,514Q763,446 763,364L763,0L688,0L688,353Q688,505 614.5,585.5Q541,666 401,666Q341,666 289.5,645Q238,624 200,584.5Q162,545 140,487Q118,429 118,354Q118,287 138.5,231Q159,175 196,135Q233,95 282.5,72.5Q332,50 391,50L407,50Q386,54 364.5,65Q343,76 326.5,93.5Q310,111 299.5,135Q289,159 289,188Q289,222 301.5,249.5Q314,277 335.5,297Q357,317 386.5,328Q416,339 451,339Q484,339 513.5,328Q543,317 565.5,297Q588,277 601,248Q614,219 614,183Q614,138 594.5,103Q575,68 542.5,44Q510,20 467.5,7.5Q425,-5 378,-5Q307,-5 245.5,20Q184,45 138.5,91.5Q93,138 66.5,204.5Q40,271 40,354Q40,439 68,509Q96,579 145,629Q194,679 260.5,706Q327,733 404,733ZM359,184Q359,160 369.5,140.5Q380,121 398,107Q416,93 438.5,85.5Q461,78 485,78Q511,91 526,116.5Q541,142 541,178Q541,221 514.5,247Q488,273 449,273Q410,273 384.5,249Q359,225 359,184Z" /><path transform="translate(836)" d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /><path transform="translate(1507)" d="M919,496L919,432L812,432L812,0L737,0L737,432L567,432L567,0L494,0L494,249Q484,339 433,387Q382,435 303,435Q223,435 172,382Q121,329 118,229Q136,258 168,275.5Q200,293 239,293Q271,293 298,282Q325,271 344.5,251.5Q364,232 375,205Q386,178 386,147Q386,112 374,84Q362,56 341,35.5Q320,15 290.5,4Q261,-7 226,-7Q187,-7 154.5,9Q122,25 99,54.5Q76,84 63.5,125.5Q51,167 51,218Q51,285 71,337.5Q91,390 125.5,426Q160,462 206.5,481Q253,500 306,500Q343,500 374,490.5Q405,481 429,466Q453,451 470.5,432Q488,413 497,393L497,496L919,496ZM224,230Q205,230 189.5,223.5Q174,217 161,206Q148,195 139,181.5Q130,168 124,153Q133,105 162,80.5Q191,56 226,56Q265,56 288.5,81Q312,106 312,144Q312,182 289,206Q266,230 224,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கௌ</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>Even in the case where a two-part vowel occurs with a conjunct consonant or consonant cluster, the left part of the vowel is reordered around the conjunct or cluster, as shown in <a href="#G74944" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-19</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G74944" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G74944" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-19.</span> Vowel Reordering Around a Tamil Conjunct</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(369)" d="M-106,703Q-81,703 -64.5,686.5Q-48,670 -48,647Q-48,624 -64.5,607.5Q-81,591 -104,591Q-129,591 -145.5,607.5Q-162,624 -162,647Q-162,670 -145.5,686.5Q-129,703 -106,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1097 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M326,500Q384,500 433,480.5Q482,461 518,425.5Q554,390 574,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L743,63L824,231Q746,232 700,268Q654,304 654,366Q654,397 666,422Q678,447 698.5,464.5Q719,482 746,491Q773,500 803,500Q834,500 860,490.5Q886,481 905.5,463.5Q925,446 936,421.5Q947,397 947,368Q947,348 940.5,328Q934,308 925,288Q995,283 1038,250Q1081,217 1081,151Q1081,82 1030,41Q979,0 881,0L794,0L698,-201L634,-171L717,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 465,377Q440,404 403.5,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 66.5,332.5Q87,385 124.5,422Q162,459 213,479.5Q264,500 326,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230ZM900,230L820,63L886,63Q949,63 977,89.5Q1005,116 1005,151Q1005,189 978,209.5Q951,230 903,230L900,230ZM729,368Q729,331 758,311Q787,291 843,291L850,291Q872,331 872,365Q872,394 852,414.5Q832,435 800,435Q767,435 748,416Q729,397 729,368Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஷ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1212 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(681)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ே</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1036 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(531)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA U+0BC7 ◌ே TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2636 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M399,736Q451,736 497.5,721.5Q544,707 578,681.5Q612,656 632,620.5Q652,585 652,543Q652,509 639,482Q626,455 604,436.5Q582,418 553.5,408Q525,398 494,398Q462,398 434.5,408.5Q407,419 386.5,438.5Q366,458 354,484.5Q342,511 342,543Q342,568 351.5,590.5Q361,613 376,630Q391,647 410,658Q429,669 448,672Q435,674 423,674.5Q411,675 400,675Q349,675 298.5,654.5Q248,634 208,594.5Q168,555 143,497.5Q118,440 118,365Q118,290 142.5,232Q167,174 207,134Q247,94 297.5,73.5Q348,53 401,53Q405,53 416.5,53.5Q428,54 442,56Q423,60 404.5,72Q386,84 371,101.5Q356,119 346.5,142Q337,165 337,191Q337,223 349,249Q361,275 382,294Q403,313 432,323Q461,333 494,333Q526,333 554.5,322.5Q583,312 604.5,293.5Q626,275 638.5,248Q651,221 651,188Q651,144 631.5,108.5Q612,73 577.5,47Q543,21 495.5,7Q448,-7 393,-7Q319,-7 254.5,20Q190,47 142.5,96Q95,145 68,213.5Q41,282 41,365Q41,449 69,517.5Q97,586 146,634.5Q195,683 260,709.5Q325,736 399,736ZM410,187Q410,166 418,148Q426,130 440.5,116.5Q455,103 475,95.5Q495,88 519,88L522,88Q547,100 562.5,124Q578,148 578,183Q578,219 554,243Q530,267 492,267Q456,267 433,244.5Q410,222 410,187ZM580,546Q580,578 566,602Q552,626 530,639Q527,640 520,640Q478,640 446.5,614.5Q415,589 415,544Q415,509 438.5,486.5Q462,464 498,464Q532,464 556,486.5Q580,509 580,546Z" /><path transform="translate(691)" d="M197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM586,228Q581,213 578.5,195.5Q576,178 576,164Q576,106 602,81Q628,56 662,56Q691,56 712,76.5Q733,97 733,135Q733,182 699.5,205Q666,228 606,228L586,228ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293ZM867,0L843,48Q862,76 872.5,108Q883,140 883,182Q883,251 840.5,292.5Q798,334 723,334Q687,334 658.5,320.5Q630,307 613,287Q707,287 755.5,245.5Q804,204 804,135Q804,106 794,80.5Q784,55 765,35.5Q746,16 719.5,4.5Q693,-7 659,-7Q619,-7 590,7Q561,21 542,44Q523,67 514,98Q505,129 505,163Q505,180 507,198Q509,216 514,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L554,495L554,433L409,433L409,292L539,292Q567,340 616.5,367.5Q666,395 729,395Q780,395 821.5,379.5Q863,364 893,335.5Q923,307 939,268Q955,229 955,183Q955,142 945.5,112Q936,82 925,63L1081,63L1162,231Q1084,232 1038,268Q992,304 992,366Q992,397 1004,422Q1016,447 1036.5,464.5Q1057,482 1084,491Q1111,500 1141,500Q1172,500 1198,490.5Q1224,481 1243.5,463.5Q1263,446 1274,421.5Q1285,397 1285,368Q1285,348 1278.5,328Q1272,308 1263,288Q1333,283 1376,250Q1419,217 1419,151Q1419,82 1368,41Q1317,0 1219,0L1132,0L1036,-201L972,-171L1055,0L867,0ZM1238,230L1158,63L1224,63Q1287,63 1315,89.5Q1343,116 1343,151Q1343,189 1316,209.5Q1289,230 1241,230L1238,230ZM1067,368Q1067,331 1096,311Q1125,291 1181,291L1188,291Q1210,331 1210,365Q1210,394 1190,414.5Q1170,435 1138,435Q1105,435 1086,416Q1067,397 1067,368Z" /><path transform="translate(2131)" d="M505,495L505,432L400,432L400,0L323,0L323,432L148,432L148,0L73,0L73,495L505,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க்ஷோ</span></span></span> <i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-6x9k23">kṣō</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1w0ozmd">For either left-side vowels or two-part vowels, the ordering of the elements is unambiguous: the consonant or consonant cluster occurs first in the memory representation, followed by the vowel.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G733348" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G733348" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Confusable Vowels.</span></span> <span title="U+0B94 ஔ TAMIL LETTER AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B94 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER AU</span></span> and <span title="U+0BCC ◌ௌ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BCC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU</span></span> are visually indistinguishable from two semantically unrelated sequences, as shown in <a href="#G734644" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-20</a>. In the decompositions of these two vowel characters, the rightmost part is represented as the character <span title="U+0BD7 ◌ௗ TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BD7 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK</span></span>, which looks exactly like the separate character, <span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BB3 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER LLA</span></span>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G734644" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G734644" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-20.</span> Confusable Vowels in Tamil</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="layout svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0B94 ஔ TAMIL LETTER AU" class="svelte-wim892">0B94 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="882 -22528 30420 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M98 368Q98 644 315 838Q532 1032 836 1032Q1162 1032 1392 838Q1622 644 1622 368Q1622 246 1536 160Q1450 74 1328 74Q1214 74 1136 146Q1058 218 1058 320Q1058 340 1074 378Q1090 416 1118 468Q1044 426 1001 359Q958 292 958 222Q958 108 1059 29Q1160 -50 1304 -50H1574V-148H1204Q1152 -148 1103 -203Q1054 -258 1032 -344Q1000 -464 897 -539Q794 -614 664 -614Q532 -614 438 -536Q344 -458 344 -344Q344 -244 409 -171Q474 -98 566 -98V-196Q514 -196 478 -239Q442 -282 442 -344Q442 -416 507 -466Q572 -516 664 -516Q752 -516 821 -468Q890 -420 910 -344Q934 -254 986 -188Q1038 -122 1106 -98Q996 -58 928 30Q860 118 860 222Q860 364 976 465Q1092 566 1254 566Q1208 510 1182 446Q1156 382 1156 320Q1156 258 1206 215Q1256 172 1328 172Q1400 172 1450 230Q1500 288 1500 368Q1500 602 1306 768Q1112 934 836 934Q576 934 392 768Q208 602 208 368Q208 354 216 329Q224 304 246 246Q246 374 311 464Q376 554 468 554Q568 554 640 477Q712 400 712 296Q712 182 640 103Q568 24 468 24Q316 24 207 125Q98 226 98 368ZM344 296Q344 224 380 173Q416 122 468 122Q520 122 555 173Q590 224 590 296Q590 358 554 400Q518 442 468 442Q416 442 380 399Q344 356 344 296ZM2052 296Q2052 214 2095 156Q2138 98 2200 98Q2262 98 2305 156Q2348 214 2348 296Q2348 368 2305 418Q2262 468 2200 468Q2138 468 2095 417Q2052 366 2052 296ZM2618 984H3478V886H3208V0H3086V886H2716V0H2594V492Q2594 664 2486 787Q2378 910 2226 910Q2074 910 1965 781Q1856 652 1856 468Q1856 374 1894 290Q1932 206 2004 148Q1980 190 1967 228Q1954 266 1954 296Q1954 410 2027 488Q2100 566 2200 566Q2300 566 2373 487Q2446 408 2446 296Q2446 164 2360 70Q2274 -24 2152 -24Q1990 -24 1874 120Q1758 264 1758 468Q1758 692 1894 850Q2030 1008 2226 1008Q2356 1008 2461 955Q2566 902 2618 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h4vfoz">≡</td> <td><span title="U+0B92 ஒ TAMIL LETTER O" class="svelte-wim892">0B92 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="882 -22528 13716 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M98 368Q98 644 315 838Q532 1032 836 1032Q1162 1032 1392 838Q1622 644 1622 368Q1622 246 1536 160Q1450 74 1328 74Q1214 74 1136 146Q1058 218 1058 320Q1058 340 1074 378Q1090 416 1118 468Q1044 426 1001 359Q958 292 958 222Q958 108 1059 29Q1160 -50 1304 -50H1574V-148H1204Q1152 -148 1103 -203Q1054 -258 1032 -344Q1000 -464 897 -539Q794 -614 664 -614Q532 -614 438 -536Q344 -458 344 -344Q344 -244 409 -171Q474 -98 566 -98V-196Q514 -196 478 -239Q442 -282 442 -344Q442 -416 507 -466Q572 -516 664 -516Q752 -516 821 -468Q890 -420 910 -344Q934 -254 986 -188Q1038 -122 1106 -98Q996 -58 928 30Q860 118 860 222Q860 364 976 465Q1092 566 1254 566Q1208 510 1182 446Q1156 382 1156 320Q1156 258 1206 215Q1256 172 1328 172Q1400 172 1450 230Q1500 288 1500 368Q1500 602 1306 768Q1112 934 836 934Q576 934 392 768Q208 602 208 368Q208 354 216 329Q224 304 246 246Q246 374 311 464Q376 554 468 554Q568 554 640 477Q712 400 712 296Q712 182 640 103Q568 24 468 24Q316 24 207 125Q98 226 98 368ZM344 296Q344 224 380 173Q416 122 468 122Q520 122 555 173Q590 224 590 296Q590 358 554 400Q518 442 468 442Q416 442 380 399Q344 356 344 296Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஒ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BD7 ◌ௗ TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">0BD7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 26450 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M369 296Q369 214 412 156Q455 98 517 98Q579 98 622 156Q665 214 665 296Q665 368 622 418Q579 468 517 468Q455 468 412 417Q369 366 369 296ZM935 984H1795V886H1525V0H1401V886H1033V0H911V492Q911 664 802 787Q693 910 541 910Q389 910 281 781Q173 652 173 468Q173 374 211 290Q249 206 319 148Q295 190 283 228Q271 266 271 296Q271 410 343 488Q415 566 517 566Q617 566 690 487Q763 408 763 296Q763 164 677 70Q591 -24 467 -24Q305 -24 190 120Q75 264 75 468Q75 692 211 850Q347 1008 541 1008Q671 1008 777 955Q883 902 935 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h5cs5q">≠</td> <td><span title="U+0B92 ஒ TAMIL LETTER O" class="svelte-wim892">0B92 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="882 -22528 13716 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M98 368Q98 644 315 838Q532 1032 836 1032Q1162 1032 1392 838Q1622 644 1622 368Q1622 246 1536 160Q1450 74 1328 74Q1214 74 1136 146Q1058 218 1058 320Q1058 340 1074 378Q1090 416 1118 468Q1044 426 1001 359Q958 292 958 222Q958 108 1059 29Q1160 -50 1304 -50H1574V-148H1204Q1152 -148 1103 -203Q1054 -258 1032 -344Q1000 -464 897 -539Q794 -614 664 -614Q532 -614 438 -536Q344 -458 344 -344Q344 -244 409 -171Q474 -98 566 -98V-196Q514 -196 478 -239Q442 -282 442 -344Q442 -416 507 -466Q572 -516 664 -516Q752 -516 821 -468Q890 -420 910 -344Q934 -254 986 -188Q1038 -122 1106 -98Q996 -58 928 30Q860 118 860 222Q860 364 976 465Q1092 566 1254 566Q1208 510 1182 446Q1156 382 1156 320Q1156 258 1206 215Q1256 172 1328 172Q1400 172 1450 230Q1500 288 1500 368Q1500 602 1306 768Q1112 934 836 934Q576 934 392 768Q208 602 208 368Q208 354 216 329Q224 304 246 246Q246 374 311 464Q376 554 468 554Q568 554 640 477Q712 400 712 296Q712 182 640 103Q568 24 468 24Q316 24 207 125Q98 226 98 368ZM344 296Q344 224 380 173Q416 122 468 122Q520 122 555 173Q590 224 590 296Q590 358 554 400Q518 442 468 442Q416 442 380 399Q344 356 344 296Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஒ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892">0BB3 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1026 -22528 15480 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M408 296Q408 214 451 156Q494 98 556 98Q618 98 661 156Q704 214 704 296Q704 368 661 418Q618 468 556 468Q494 468 451 417Q408 366 408 296ZM974 984H1834V886H1564V0H1440V886H1072V0H950V492Q950 664 841 787Q732 910 580 910Q428 910 320 781Q212 652 212 468Q212 374 250 290Q288 206 358 148Q334 190 322 228Q310 266 310 296Q310 410 382 488Q454 566 556 566Q656 566 729 487Q802 408 802 296Q802 164 716 70Q630 -24 506 -24Q344 -24 229 120Q114 264 114 468Q114 692 250 850Q386 1008 580 1008Q710 1008 816 955Q922 902 974 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ள</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BCC ◌ௌ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">0BCC <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-4938 -22528 29475 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10497) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1375 308Q-1375 212 -1339 143Q-1303 74 -1252 74Q-1200 74 -1164.5 143Q-1129 212 -1129 308Q-1129 404 -1165.5 472Q-1202 540 -1252 540Q-1303 540 -1339 472Q-1375 404 -1375 308ZM-1715 762Q-1715 1118 -1574.5 1370Q-1434 1622 -1237 1622Q-1096 1622 -996 1471Q-896 1320 -896 1106V0H-974V1106Q-974 1278 -1051.5 1401Q-1129 1524 -1237 1524Q-1406 1524 -1526 1300Q-1646 1076 -1646 762Q-1646 508 -1575.5 324Q-1505 140 -1399 110Q-1421 152 -1433 206Q-1445 260 -1445 320Q-1445 452 -1388.5 546Q-1332 640 -1252 640Q-1171 640 -1114.5 546Q-1058 452 -1058 320Q-1058 150 -1117 63Q-1176 -24 -1291 -24Q-1467 -24 -1591 206Q-1715 436 -1715 762ZM476 296Q476 214 509 156Q542 98 587 98Q634 98 667 156Q700 214 700 296Q700 368 667 418Q634 468 587 468Q540 468 508 417Q476 366 476 296ZM905 984H1560V886H1353V0H1261V886H981V0H887V492Q887 664 805 787Q723 910 607 910Q492 910 409 781Q326 652 326 468Q326 374 355 290Q384 206 438 148Q420 190 410 228Q400 266 400 296Q400 410 455.5 488Q511 566 587 566Q663 566 718.5 487Q774 408 774 296Q774 164 709 70Q644 -24 551 -24Q423 -24 332.5 120Q242 264 242 468Q242 692 348.5 850Q455 1008 607 1008Q706 1008 786.5 955Q867 902 905 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௌ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h4vfoz">≡</td> <td><span title="U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">0BC6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-10137 -22528 22280 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10878) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1793 308Q-1793 212 -1736 143Q-1679 74 -1597 74Q-1515 74 -1458 143Q-1401 212 -1401 308Q-1401 404 -1459 472Q-1517 540 -1597 540Q-1679 540 -1736 472Q-1793 404 -1793 308ZM-2335 762Q-2335 1118 -2111 1370Q-1887 1622 -1573 1622Q-1349 1622 -1190 1471Q-1031 1320 -1031 1106V0H-1155V1106Q-1155 1278 -1278 1401Q-1401 1524 -1573 1524Q-1843 1524 -2034 1300Q-2225 1076 -2225 762Q-2225 508 -2113 324Q-2001 140 -1831 110Q-1867 152 -1886 206Q-1905 260 -1905 320Q-1905 452 -1815 546Q-1725 640 -1597 640Q-1469 640 -1379 546Q-1289 452 -1289 320Q-1289 150 -1383 63Q-1477 -24 -1659 -24Q-1939 -24 -2137 206Q-2335 436 -2335 762Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BD7 ◌ௗ TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">0BD7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 26450 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M369 296Q369 214 412 156Q455 98 517 98Q579 98 622 156Q665 214 665 296Q665 368 622 418Q579 468 517 468Q455 468 412 417Q369 366 369 296ZM935 984H1795V886H1525V0H1401V886H1033V0H911V492Q911 664 802 787Q693 910 541 910Q389 910 281 781Q173 652 173 468Q173 374 211 290Q249 206 319 148Q295 190 283 228Q271 266 271 296Q271 410 343 488Q415 566 517 566Q617 566 690 487Q763 408 763 296Q763 164 677 70Q591 -24 467 -24Q305 -24 190 120Q75 264 75 468Q75 692 211 850Q347 1008 541 1008Q671 1008 777 955Q883 902 935 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ௗ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1h5cs5q">≠</td> <td><span title="U+0BC6 ◌ெ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E" class="svelte-wim892">0BC6 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-10137 -22528 22280 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10878) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1793 308Q-1793 212 -1736 143Q-1679 74 -1597 74Q-1515 74 -1458 143Q-1401 212 -1401 308Q-1401 404 -1459 472Q-1517 540 -1597 540Q-1679 540 -1736 472Q-1793 404 -1793 308ZM-2335 762Q-2335 1118 -2111 1370Q-1887 1622 -1573 1622Q-1349 1622 -1190 1471Q-1031 1320 -1031 1106V0H-1155V1106Q-1155 1278 -1278 1401Q-1401 1524 -1573 1524Q-1843 1524 -2034 1300Q-2225 1076 -2225 762Q-2225 508 -2113 324Q-2001 140 -1831 110Q-1867 152 -1886 206Q-1905 260 -1905 320Q-1905 452 -1815 546Q-1725 640 -1597 640Q-1469 640 -1379 546Q-1289 452 -1289 320Q-1289 150 -1383 63Q-1477 -24 -1659 -24Q-1939 -24 -2137 206Q-2335 436 -2335 762Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ெ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892">0BB3 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1026 -22528 15480 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M408 296Q408 214 451 156Q494 98 556 98Q618 98 661 156Q704 214 704 296Q704 368 661 418Q618 468 556 468Q494 468 451 417Q408 366 408 296ZM974 984H1834V886H1564V0H1440V886H1072V0H950V492Q950 664 841 787Q732 910 580 910Q428 910 320 781Q212 652 212 468Q212 374 250 290Q288 206 358 148Q334 190 322 228Q310 266 310 296Q310 410 382 488Q454 566 556 566Q656 566 729 487Q802 408 802 296Q802 164 716 70Q630 -24 506 -24Q344 -24 229 120Q114 264 114 468Q114 692 250 850Q386 1008 580 1008Q710 1008 816 955Q922 902 974 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ள</span></span></span></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G80547" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G80547" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6.3 Tamil Ligatures</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-cqsshh">A number of ligatures are conventionally used in Tamil. Most ligatures involve the shape taken by a consonant plus vowel sequence. A wide variety of modern Tamil words are written without a conjunct form, with a fully visible <i>puḷḷi</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73030" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73030" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligatures with Vowel i.</span></span> The vowel signs <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l4jz9">i</i> <span title="U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11265 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10220 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M424 12H319V1102Q319 1194 243.5 1267.5Q168 1341 76 1341Q-197 1341 -197 1108Q-197 1018 -152 920Q-102 811 -29 778L-137 733Q-307 913 -307 1110Q-307 1452 72 1452Q221 1452 322.5 1343.5Q424 1235 424 1083Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eowj82">ii</i> <span title="U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11328 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(16097 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M-960 1352Q-960 1494 -844 1595Q-728 1696 -566 1696Q-424 1696 -323 1618Q-222 1540 -222 1426Q-222 1326 -295 1253Q-368 1180 -468 1180Q-568 1180 -641 1253Q-714 1326 -714 1426Q-714 1480 -688 1526Q-662 1572 -616 1598Q-712 1580 -774 1510Q-836 1440 -836 1352Q-836 1254 -764 1154Q-692 1054 -566 984H-738Q-842 1044 -901 1143Q-960 1242 -960 1352ZM-590 1426Q-590 1364 -555 1321Q-520 1278 -468 1278Q-416 1278 -380 1321Q-344 1364 -344 1426Q-344 1488 -380 1531Q-416 1574 -468 1574Q-520 1574 -555 1531Q-590 1488 -590 1426Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span> form ligatures with the consonant <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cuh60l">tta</i> <span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 12834 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 0V984H308V98H1610V0Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ட</span></span></span> as shown in examples 1 and 2 of <a href="#G76531" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-21</a>. These vowels often change shape or position slightly so as to join cursively with other consonants, as shown in examples 3 and 4 of <a href="#G76531" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-21</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G76531" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G76531" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-21.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1sb6z2s">Tamil Ligatures with <i>i</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-17akaub">1</td> <td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 670 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M149,495L149,66L667,66L667,0L73,0L73,495L149,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ட</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 796 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M217,794Q311,794 366.5,735Q422,676 422,567L422,0L348,0L348,559Q348,647 313,686Q278,725 212,725Q152,725 113.5,687.5Q75,650 75,585Q75,551 86.5,524Q98,497 116,476L57,455Q35,475 18,511.5Q1,548 1,593Q1,639 17,676Q33,713 62,739.5Q91,766 130.5,780Q170,794 217,794Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 670 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,65L327,65Q292,91 270.5,131Q249,171 249,215Q249,249 261,279Q273,309 295,331Q317,353 347.5,366Q378,379 415,379Q451,379 481.5,367.5Q512,356 534.5,335Q557,314 569.5,284Q582,254 582,217Q582,179 566.5,139.5Q551,100 529,65L667,65L667,0L487,0L303,-272L245,-229L404,0L73,0L73,495L150,495ZM413,315Q378,315 352,290Q326,265 326,215Q326,188 336,163.5Q346,139 362,118.5Q378,98 398.5,82.5Q419,67 440,59Q468,91 487,132.5Q506,174 506,218Q506,260 483,287.5Q460,315 413,315Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">டி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ddeap3"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṭi</i></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-17c93sk">2</td> <td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 670 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M149,495L149,66L667,66L667,0L73,0L73,495L149,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ட</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M207,796Q246,796 276,786.5Q306,777 325.5,761Q345,745 355,724.5Q365,704 365,682Q365,657 355.5,637Q346,617 330.5,603Q315,589 293.5,581.5Q272,574 248,574Q201,574 170,602Q139,630 139,673Q139,716 170,744Q127,736 100,701.5Q73,667 73,615Q73,573 93,538Q113,503 140,486L80,471Q63,479 48.5,494.5Q34,510 23.5,530Q13,550 7,572.5Q1,595 1,617Q1,661 18,694.5Q35,728 63.5,750.5Q92,773 129,784.5Q166,796 207,796ZM301,683Q301,710 282.5,726Q264,742 239,744Q221,736 209.5,719.5Q198,703 198,682Q198,658 213,644Q228,630 250,630Q271,630 286,643.5Q301,657 301,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 670 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M458,381Q497,381 527,371.5Q557,362 576.5,346Q596,330 606,309.5Q616,289 616,267Q616,216 582,187.5Q548,159 499,159Q451,159 420.5,187Q390,215 390,258Q390,301 421,329Q378,321 351,285.5Q324,250 324,199Q324,153 341.5,121Q359,89 386,66L667,66L667,0L73,0L73,495L149,495L149,66L307,66Q284,90 268,124.5Q252,159 252,201Q252,246 269,279.5Q286,313 314.5,335.5Q343,358 380,369.5Q417,381 458,381ZM552,268Q552,295 533.5,311Q515,327 490,329Q472,321 460.5,304.5Q449,288 449,267Q449,243 464,229Q479,215 501,215Q522,215 537,228.5Q552,242 552,268Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">டீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1w0fbvl"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṭī</i></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-17bqcwx">3</td> <td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 880 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M307,500Q355,500 399,483.5Q443,467 476.5,434Q510,401 530,350.5Q550,300 550,232L550,186Q550,58 650,58Q700,58 730,99.5Q760,141 760,215Q760,257 750,292Q740,327 722,356Q704,385 680.5,407.5Q657,430 630,445L670,504Q700,487 730,460Q760,433 783.5,397Q807,361 822,315.5Q837,270 837,215Q837,164 823.5,123Q810,82 785,53Q760,24 725,8.5Q690,-7 647,-7Q561,-7 517,44.5Q473,96 473,183L473,226Q473,329 429,382Q385,435 301,435Q217,435 165.5,381.5Q114,328 113,226Q130,255 163,274Q196,293 236,293Q268,293 295,282Q322,271 341.5,251.5Q361,232 372,205Q383,178 383,147Q383,112 371,84Q359,56 338,35.5Q317,15 287.5,4Q258,-7 223,-7Q184,-7 152,8Q120,23 97,52Q74,81 61,123Q48,165 48,219Q48,291 68.5,344Q89,397 124.5,431.5Q160,466 207,483Q254,500 307,500ZM221,230Q202,230 186.5,223.5Q171,217 158,206Q145,195 136,181.5Q127,168 121,153Q130,105 159,80.5Q188,56 223,56Q262,56 285.5,81Q309,106 309,144Q309,182 286,206Q263,230 221,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ல</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 796 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M217,794Q311,794 366.5,735Q422,676 422,567L422,0L348,0L348,559Q348,647 313,686Q278,725 212,725Q152,725 113.5,687.5Q75,650 75,585Q75,551 86.5,524Q98,497 116,476L57,455Q35,475 18,511.5Q1,548 1,593Q1,639 17,676Q33,713 62,739.5Q91,766 130.5,780Q170,794 217,794Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1090 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M307,500Q355,500 399,483.5Q443,467 476.5,434Q510,401 530,350.5Q550,300 550,232L550,186Q550,58 650,58Q697,58 725.5,94.5Q754,131 754,196Q754,247 739.5,285.5Q725,324 702,362Q691,380 678,403Q665,426 654,451Q643,476 635.5,503Q628,530 628,557Q628,596 641.5,629.5Q655,663 680,687.5Q705,712 740.5,725.5Q776,739 819,739Q913,739 965,682Q1017,625 1017,514L1017,0L943,0L943,507Q943,589 912,630.5Q881,672 815,672Q764,672 734,640Q704,608 704,557Q704,518 719,482.5Q734,447 753,415Q768,389 782.5,364Q797,339 807.5,312.5Q818,286 824.5,257.5Q831,229 831,196Q831,149 817.5,111.5Q804,74 780,48Q756,22 722,7.5Q688,-7 647,-7Q561,-7 517,44.5Q473,96 473,183L473,226Q473,329 429,382Q385,435 301,435Q217,435 165.5,381.5Q114,328 113,226Q130,255 163,274Q196,293 236,293Q268,293 295,282Q322,271 341.5,251.5Q361,232 372,205Q383,178 383,147Q383,112 371,84Q359,56 338,35.5Q317,15 287.5,4Q258,-7 223,-7Q184,-7 152,8Q120,23 97,52Q74,81 61,123Q48,165 48,219Q48,291 68.5,344Q89,397 124.5,431.5Q160,466 207,483Q254,500 307,500ZM221,230Q202,230 186.5,223.5Q171,217 158,206Q145,195 136,181.5Q127,168 121,153Q130,105 159,80.5Q188,56 223,56Q262,56 285.5,81Q309,106 309,144Q309,182 286,206Q263,230 221,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">லி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-fzthxe"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">li</i></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-17df59e">4</td> <td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 880 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M307,500Q355,500 399,483.5Q443,467 476.5,434Q510,401 530,350.5Q550,300 550,232L550,186Q550,58 650,58Q700,58 730,99.5Q760,141 760,215Q760,257 750,292Q740,327 722,356Q704,385 680.5,407.5Q657,430 630,445L670,504Q700,487 730,460Q760,433 783.5,397Q807,361 822,315.5Q837,270 837,215Q837,164 823.5,123Q810,82 785,53Q760,24 725,8.5Q690,-7 647,-7Q561,-7 517,44.5Q473,96 473,183L473,226Q473,329 429,382Q385,435 301,435Q217,435 165.5,381.5Q114,328 113,226Q130,255 163,274Q196,293 236,293Q268,293 295,282Q322,271 341.5,251.5Q361,232 372,205Q383,178 383,147Q383,112 371,84Q359,56 338,35.5Q317,15 287.5,4Q258,-7 223,-7Q184,-7 152,8Q120,23 97,52Q74,81 61,123Q48,165 48,219Q48,291 68.5,344Q89,397 124.5,431.5Q160,466 207,483Q254,500 307,500ZM221,230Q202,230 186.5,223.5Q171,217 158,206Q145,195 136,181.5Q127,168 121,153Q130,105 159,80.5Q188,56 223,56Q262,56 285.5,81Q309,106 309,144Q309,182 286,206Q263,230 221,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ல</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M207,796Q246,796 276,786.5Q306,777 325.5,761Q345,745 355,724.5Q365,704 365,682Q365,657 355.5,637Q346,617 330.5,603Q315,589 293.5,581.5Q272,574 248,574Q201,574 170,602Q139,630 139,673Q139,716 170,744Q127,736 100,701.5Q73,667 73,615Q73,573 93,538Q113,503 140,486L80,471Q63,479 48.5,494.5Q34,510 23.5,530Q13,550 7,572.5Q1,595 1,617Q1,661 18,694.5Q35,728 63.5,750.5Q92,773 129,784.5Q166,796 207,796ZM301,683Q301,710 282.5,726Q264,742 239,744Q221,736 209.5,719.5Q198,703 198,682Q198,658 213,644Q228,630 250,630Q271,630 286,643.5Q301,657 301,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 882 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M307,500Q355,500 399,483.5Q443,467 476.5,434Q510,401 530,350.5Q550,300 550,232L550,186Q550,58 650,58Q700,58 730,99Q760,140 760,207Q760,237 752,263.5Q744,290 731.5,313Q719,336 703.5,356.5Q688,377 673,395Q653,418 633.5,442.5Q614,467 598.5,493Q583,519 573,547.5Q563,576 563,607Q563,646 578.5,678.5Q594,711 622,734Q650,757 689,769.5Q728,782 774,782Q815,782 846,772Q877,762 898,745Q919,728 929.5,706Q940,684 940,660Q940,612 907,580.5Q874,549 820,549Q796,549 775.5,557Q755,565 740,579Q725,593 716.5,611.5Q708,630 708,651Q708,699 741,729Q693,723 664.5,688.5Q636,654 636,604Q636,581 643.5,560.5Q651,540 663,521Q675,502 691,483Q707,464 724,445Q742,424 762,399Q782,374 798.5,344Q815,314 826,280Q837,246 837,207Q837,160 823.5,120.5Q810,81 785,52.5Q760,24 725,8.5Q690,-7 647,-7Q561,-7 517,44.5Q473,96 473,183L473,226Q473,329 429,382Q385,435 301,435Q217,435 165.5,381.5Q114,328 113,226Q130,255 163,274Q196,293 236,293Q268,293 295,282Q322,271 341.5,251.5Q361,232 372,205Q383,178 383,147Q383,112 371,84Q359,56 338,35.5Q317,15 287.5,4Q258,-7 223,-7Q184,-7 152,8Q120,23 97,52Q74,81 61,123Q48,165 48,219Q48,291 68.5,344Q89,397 124.5,431.5Q160,466 207,483Q254,500 307,500ZM221,230Q202,230 186.5,223.5Q171,217 158,206Q145,195 136,181.5Q127,168 121,153Q130,105 159,80.5Q188,56 223,56Q262,56 285.5,81Q309,106 309,144Q309,182 286,206Q263,230 221,230ZM876,661Q876,690 855,708Q834,726 811,728Q791,720 779,701.5Q767,683 767,660Q767,637 782,621Q797,605 822,605Q846,605 861,620.5Q876,636 876,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">லீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-b8k7uk"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">lī</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G680188" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G680188" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligatures with Vowel u.</span></span> The vowel signs <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> <span title="U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 10209 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(920 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1340 280V-492H1216V280Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ு</span></span></span> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i> <span title="U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="482 -22528 13950 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(-1174 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1216 280H1340V86Q1364 116 1402 132Q1440 148 1488 148Q1588 148 1661 75Q1734 2 1734 -98Q1734 -332 1453 -498Q1172 -664 774 -664Q530 -664 357 -570Q184 -476 184 -344Q184 -262 300 -205Q416 -148 578 -148Q676 -148 769 -172Q862 -196 946 -246L872 -344Q788 -294 714 -270Q640 -246 578 -246Q464 -246 386 -274Q308 -302 308 -344Q308 -434 444 -500Q580 -566 774 -566Q1120 -566 1365 -433Q1610 -300 1610 -110Q1610 -48 1571 -6Q1532 36 1476 36Q1444 36 1407 7Q1370 -22 1340 -74V-344H1216Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ூ</span></span></span> normally ligate with their consonant, as shown in <a href="#G707055" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-27</a>. In the first column, the basic consonant is shown; the second column illustrates the ligation of that consonant with the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> vowel sign; and the third column illustrates the ligation with the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i> vowel sign.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G707055" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G707055" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-27.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-uypc1s">Tamil Ligatures with <i>u</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table style="text-align: center;"><tr><th data-svelte-h="svelte-15rmsqd"><i>x</i></th> <th><i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kvpsi">x</i> + <span title="U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 10209 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(920 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1340 280V-492H1216V280Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ு</span></span></span></th> <th><i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kvpsi">x</i> + <span title="U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="482 -22528 13950 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(-1174 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1216 280H1340V86Q1364 116 1402 132Q1440 148 1488 148Q1588 148 1661 75Q1734 2 1734 -98Q1734 -332 1453 -498Q1172 -664 774 -664Q530 -664 357 -570Q184 -476 184 -344Q184 -262 300 -205Q416 -148 578 -148Q676 -148 769 -172Q862 -196 946 -246L872 -344Q788 -294 714 -270Q640 -246 578 -246Q464 -246 386 -274Q308 -302 308 -344Q308 -434 444 -500Q580 -566 774 -566Q1120 -566 1365 -433Q1610 -300 1610 -110Q1610 -48 1571 -6Q1532 36 1476 36Q1444 36 1407 7Q1370 -22 1340 -74V-344H1216Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ூ</span></span></span></th></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 665 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L455,293Q548,293 594,252Q640,211 640,141Q640,108 628,80.5Q616,53 594.5,33.5Q573,14 543.5,3.5Q514,-7 479,-7Q452,-7 434,-2L442,61Q450,59 459.5,58Q469,57 477,57Q516,57 540,80Q564,103 564,141Q564,230 452,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 912 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M795,495L795,433L642,433L642,293L653,293Q696,293 737.5,281.5Q779,270 810.5,243.5Q842,217 861.5,173Q881,129 881,64Q881,-7 852.5,-65.5Q824,-124 771,-167Q718,-210 643.5,-233.5Q569,-257 476,-257Q383,-257 303.5,-229Q224,-201 166,-150Q108,-99 75,-26Q42,47 42,137Q42,198 55,252.5Q68,307 91,353.5Q114,400 145,437.5Q176,475 212,502L257,451Q228,425 202.5,392.5Q177,360 158,320.5Q139,281 128.5,235Q118,189 118,137Q118,62 145,1Q172,-60 220.5,-102.5Q269,-145 335.5,-168.5Q402,-192 480,-192Q558,-192 618.5,-173Q679,-154 720.5,-120Q762,-86 783.5,-39Q805,8 805,64Q805,151 763,190.5Q721,230 652,230L642,230L642,146Q642,79 594,36Q546,-7 459,-7Q418,-7 382.5,4Q347,15 321,36Q295,57 280,86.5Q265,116 265,153Q265,180 273,202Q281,224 294.5,240.5Q308,257 325.5,268Q343,279 362,283L362,495L795,495ZM430,230Q388,230 363,210Q338,190 338,152Q338,109 372,82.5Q406,56 463,56Q514,56 542,82.5Q570,109 570,156L570,230L430,230ZM434,293L570,293L570,433L434,433L434,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1084 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M554,495L554,433L409,433L409,292L539,292Q567,340 616.5,367.5Q666,395 729,395Q780,395 821.5,379.5Q863,364 893,335.5Q923,307 939,268Q955,229 955,183Q955,142 945.5,112Q936,82 925,63L1081,63L1081,0L867,0L843,48Q862,76 872.5,108Q883,140 883,182Q883,251 840.5,292.5Q798,334 723,334Q687,334 658.5,320.5Q630,307 613,287L616,287Q707,287 755.5,245.5Q804,204 804,135Q804,106 794,80.5Q784,55 765,35.5Q746,16 719.5,4.5Q693,-7 659,-7Q619,-7 590,7Q561,21 542,44Q523,67 514,98Q505,129 505,163Q505,180 507,198Q509,216 514,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L554,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM586,228Q581,213 578.5,195.5Q576,178 576,164Q576,106 602,81Q628,56 662,56Q691,56 712,76.5Q733,97 733,135Q733,182 699.5,205Q666,228 606,228L586,228ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">கூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0B99 ங TAMIL LETTER NGA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 878 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,495L545,433L375,433L375,287Q389,306 415.5,321Q442,336 477,336Q507,336 533,326.5Q559,317 578.5,298Q598,279 609,252Q620,225 620,191Q620,152 602.5,115.5Q585,79 556,62L732,62L732,495L805,495L805,0L302,0L302,62L416,62Q443,62 467,71Q491,80 508,96Q525,112 535,134.5Q545,157 545,184Q545,221 524,248.5Q503,276 458,276Q428,276 404,256Q380,236 374,203L374,145L304,145L304,433L147,433L147,0L73,0L73,495L545,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ங</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B99 ங TAMIL LETTER NGA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 878 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M545,495L545,433L375,433L375,287Q389,306 415.5,321Q442,336 477,336Q507,336 533,326.5Q559,317 578.5,298Q598,279 609,252Q620,225 620,191Q620,152 602.5,115.5Q585,79 556,62L732,62L732,495L805,495L805,-158L730,-158L730,0L302,0L302,62L416,62Q443,62 467,71Q491,80 508,96Q525,112 535,134.5Q545,157 545,184Q545,221 524,248.5Q503,276 458,276Q428,276 404,256Q380,236 374,203L374,145L304,145L304,433L147,433L147,0L73,0L73,495L545,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஙு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B99 ங TAMIL LETTER NGA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1017 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M892,66Q949,66 982,29.5Q1015,-7 1015,-68Q1015,-128 978.5,-176Q942,-224 875.5,-257.5Q809,-291 715.5,-309.5Q622,-328 507,-328Q405,-328 322,-317Q239,-306 180.5,-284.5Q122,-263 90,-231.5Q58,-200 58,-159Q58,-104 104,-75Q150,-46 234,-46Q299,-46 346.5,-60.5Q394,-75 427,-95L397,-150Q365,-133 321.5,-121Q278,-109 232,-109Q134,-109 134,-161Q134,-185 162,-204.5Q190,-224 240,-238Q290,-252 359.5,-259.5Q429,-267 513,-267Q609,-267 687.5,-253Q766,-239 822.5,-213Q879,-187 909.5,-151Q940,-115 940,-70Q940,-35 922,-15.5Q904,4 873,4Q844,4 826.5,-12.5Q809,-29 801,-53L801,-128L727,-128L727,0L302,0L302,62L416,62Q443,62 467,71Q491,80 508,96Q525,112 535,134.5Q545,157 545,184Q545,221 524,248.5Q503,276 458,276Q428,276 404,256Q380,236 374,203L374,145L304,145L304,433L147,433L147,0L73,0L73,495L545,495L545,433L375,433L375,287Q389,306 415.5,321Q442,336 477,336Q507,336 533,326.5Q559,317 578.5,298Q598,279 609,252Q620,225 620,191Q620,152 602.5,115.5Q585,79 556,62L732,62L732,495L805,495L805,28Q820,45 842,55.5Q864,66 892,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஙூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0B9A ச TAMIL LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 602 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L579,293L579,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ச</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B9A ச TAMIL LETTER CA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 651 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M561,495L561,433L409,433L409,293L634,293L634,231L577,231L577,0L504,0L504,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L561,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">சு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B9A ச TAMIL LETTER CA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1043 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M904,191Q932,191 955.5,179.5Q979,168 996.5,148Q1014,128 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/></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">சூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0B9E ஞ TAMIL LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1095 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M903,293Q940,293 969.5,279Q999,265 1020,240Q1041,215 1052.5,179Q1064,143 1064,100Q1064,16 1027,-53Q990,-122 924.5,-171.5Q859,-221 769,-248Q679,-275 573,-275Q471,-275 376.5,-246Q282,-217 209.5,-158.5Q137,-100 93.5,-12Q50,76 50,195Q50,253 61,301.5Q72,350 89,389Q106,428 126.5,456.5Q147,485 165,502L218,456Q205,442 189.5,418Q174,394 160,361Q146,328 136.5,286.5Q127,245 127,195Q127,94 163.5,18Q200,-58 262.5,-108.5Q325,-159 407,-184.5Q489,-210 579,-210Q668,-210 743,-188Q818,-166 872,-125.5Q926,-85 956,-29Q986,27 986,96Q986,156 960.5,194Q935,232 883,232Q857,232 835,218.5Q813,205 800,181L800,0L727,0L727,433L577,433Q531,433 490.5,420.5Q450,408 419.5,383.5Q389,359 369,321Q349,283 344,232Q363,259 394,276Q425,293 463,293Q495,293 522,282Q549,271 568.5,251.5Q588,232 599,205Q610,178 610,147Q610,112 598,84Q586,56 565,35.5Q544,15 514.5,4Q485,-7 450,-7Q411,-7 379,8.5Q347,24 324,52.5Q301,81 288,121Q275,161 275,211Q275,281 299,334Q323,387 364,423Q405,459 461,477Q517,495 581,495L981,495L981,433L800,433L800,253Q816,270 843,281.5Q870,293 903,293ZM448,230Q429,230 413.5,223.5Q398,217 385,206Q372,195 363,181.5Q354,168 348,153Q357,105 386,80.5Q415,56 450,56Q489,56 512.5,81Q536,106 536,144Q536,182 513,206Q490,230 448,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஞ</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B9E ஞ TAMIL LETTER NYA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1091 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1018,495L1018,-124L779,-124Q753,-164 715,-198Q677,-232 625.5,-256.5Q574,-281 507,-295Q440,-309 356,-309Q280,-309 218.5,-298.5Q157,-288 114,-268.5Q71,-249 48,-220.5Q25,-192 25,-155Q25,-107 55,-85Q85,-63 136,-63L727,-63Q743,-28 751,7Q759,42 759,90Q759,152 733,192Q707,232 654,232Q627,232 604.5,218.5Q582,205 569,181L569,0L496,0L496,433L346,433Q300,433 259.5,420.5Q219,408 188.5,383.5Q158,359 138,321Q118,283 113,232Q132,259 163,276Q194,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8.5Q116,24 93,52.5Q70,81 57,121Q44,161 44,211Q44,281 68,334Q92,387 133,423Q174,459 230,477Q286,495 350,495L750,495L750,433L569,433L569,253Q585,270 612.5,281.5Q640,293 674,293Q711,293 741,279Q771,265 792,238.5Q813,212 824.5,175.5Q836,139 836,94Q836,59 830,17.5Q824,-24 808,-63L942,-63L942,495L1018,495ZM359,-246Q491,-246 571.5,-214Q652,-182 696,-124L141,-124Q120,-124 110.5,-134Q101,-144 101,-158Q101,-178 119.5,-194Q138,-210 172,-221.5Q206,-233 253.5,-239.5Q301,-246 359,-246ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஞு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B9E ஞ TAMIL LETTER NYA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1375 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M674,293Q711,293 741,279Q771,265 792,238.5Q813,212 824.5,175.5Q836,139 836,94Q836,59 830,17.5Q824,-24 808,-63L942,-63L942,495L1375,495L1375,432L1270,432L1270,0L1193,0L1193,432L1018,432L1018,-124L779,-124Q753,-164 715,-198Q677,-232 625.5,-256.5Q574,-281 507,-295Q440,-309 356,-309Q280,-309 218.5,-298.5Q157,-288 114,-268.5Q71,-249 48,-220.5Q25,-192 25,-155Q25,-107 55,-85Q85,-63 136,-63L727,-63Q743,-28 751,7Q759,42 759,90Q759,152 733,192Q707,232 654,232Q627,232 604.5,218.5Q582,205 569,181L569,0L496,0L496,433L346,433Q300,433 259.5,420.5Q219,408 188.5,383.5Q158,359 138,321Q118,283 113,232Q132,259 163,276Q194,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8.5Q116,24 93,52.5Q70,81 57,121Q44,161 44,211Q44,281 68,334Q92,387 133,423Q174,459 230,477Q286,495 350,495L750,495L750,433L569,433L569,253Q585,270 612.5,281.5Q640,293 674,293ZM359,-246Q491,-246 571.5,-214Q652,-182 696,-124L141,-124Q120,-124 110.5,-134Q101,-144 101,-158Q101,-178 119.5,-194Q138,-210 172,-221.5Q206,-233 253.5,-239.5Q301,-246 359,-246ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஞூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 670 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M149,495L149,66L667,66L667,0L73,0L73,495L149,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ட</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0B9F ட TAMIL LETTER TTA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 828 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M541,317Q578,317 608,300.5Q638,284 659,254Q680,224 691.5,181.5Q703,139 703,87Q703,15 681,-44Q659,-103 619.5,-145.5Q580,-188 524.5,-211.5Q469,-235 402,-235Q319,-235 254.5,-203.5Q190,-172 146,-113Q102,-54 78.5,32Q55,118 55,228Q55,357 86,453Q117,549 169.5,612.5Q222,676 292.5,707Q363,738 443,738Q526,738 590.5,710.5Q655,683 699.5,634.5Q744,586 767.5,519Q791,452 791,374L791,293L718,293L718,367Q718,436 699.5,492Q681,548 645,587.5Q609,627 557.5,649Q506,671 440,671Q375,671 318.5,644Q262,617 220.5,562.5Q179,508 155,424.5Q131,341 131,228Q131,134 148.5,60Q166,-14 201,-65Q236,-116 287.5,-143Q339,-170 407,-170Q456,-170 497,-151.5Q538,-133 566.5,-99.5Q595,-66 611,-18.5Q627,29 627,87Q627,124 620.5,155Q614,186 601.5,208.5Q589,231 569.5,243.5Q550,256 525,256Q494,256 470.5,237Q447,218 436,186L436,0L361,0L361,495L436,495L436,266Q452,289 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489,-151.5Q530,-133 558.5,-99.5Q587,-66 603,-18.5Q619,29 619,87Q619,124 612.5,155Q606,186 593.5,208.5Q581,231 561.5,243.5Q542,256 517,256Q486,256 462.5,237Q439,218 428,186L428,0L353,0L353,495L428,495L428,266Q444,289 472,303Q500,317 533,317ZM710,373Q739,373 758,393.5Q777,414 777,456Q752,496 709,496Q683,496 664.5,479.5Q646,463 646,434Q646,406 665,389.5Q684,373 710,373Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">டூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1439 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M379,500Q442,500 499,480Q556,460 595,434Q637,465 689,482.5Q741,500 795,500Q847,500 895.5,483Q944,466 985,436Q1016,458 1067,476.5Q1118,495 1201,495L1448,495L1448,433L1332,433L1332,0L1258,0L1258,432L1178,432Q1126,432 1092.5,423.5Q1059,415 1035,399Q1055,379 1074,356Q1093,333 1107.5,305.5Q1122,278 1131,244Q1140,210 1140,170Q1140,86 1098,39.5Q1056,-7 984,-7Q915,-7 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570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,235Q521,206 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q639,58 659.5,89Q680,120 680,172ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1671 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1598,495L1598,-123L1263,-123Q1218,-164 1155,-199Q1092,-234 1006.5,-259.5Q921,-285 809,-299Q697,-313 554,-313Q409,-313 308,-302Q207,-291 144,-270Q81,-249 53,-220Q25,-191 25,-155Q25,-108 55.5,-85Q86,-62 137,-62L1226,-62Q1242,-42 1259,-15Q1276,12 1290.5,46Q1305,80 1314,122Q1323,164 1323,214Q1323,263 1310.5,303.5Q1298,344 1275.5,373Q1253,402 1221.5,418Q1190,434 1152,434Q1117,434 1087.5,424Q1058,414 1037,398Q1057,379 1076,356Q1095,333 1109.5,305Q1124,277 1133,243.5Q1142,210 1142,170Q1142,86 1099.5,39.5Q1057,-7 985,-7Q916,-7 874,39.5Q832,86 832,169Q832,208 840.5,241.5Q849,275 863,303Q877,331 896,354Q915,377 935,397Q876,436 792,436Q705,436 650,397Q671,377 690,354.5Q709,332 724,304Q739,276 747.5,243Q756,210 756,170Q756,86 713.5,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,208 454,240.5Q462,273 475.5,301Q489,329 507.5,351.5Q526,374 546,394Q521,408 479,422Q437,436 372,436Q320,436 274.5,421.5Q229,407 195,381Q161,355 140,317.5Q119,280 116,234Q135,260 165.5,276.5Q196,293 233,293Q265,293 292,282Q319,271 338.5,251.5Q358,232 369,205Q380,178 380,147Q380,112 368,84Q356,56 335,35.5Q314,15 284.5,4Q255,-7 220,-7Q181,-7 149,8Q117,23 94,50.5Q71,78 58,117.5Q45,157 45,207Q45,280 72.5,335Q100,390 146.5,427Q193,464 253.5,482Q314,500 380,500Q443,500 500,480Q557,460 596,434Q638,465 690,482.5Q742,500 796,500Q847,500 895,483Q943,466 984,437Q1011,458 1054,479Q1097,500 1157,500Q1211,500 1256,479.5Q1301,459 1333,421.5Q1365,384 1382.5,331Q1400,278 1400,214Q1400,167 1391.5,126.5Q1383,86 1370,51Q1357,16 1341,-12.5Q1325,-41 1311,-62L1522,-62L1522,495L1598,495ZM557,-251Q783,-251 932,-217Q1081,-183 1170,-120Q1086,-123 981,-123L143,-123Q101,-123 101,-158Q101,-199 215.5,-225Q330,-251 557,-251ZM1067,172Q1067,206 1059,235.5Q1051,265 1039,288.5Q1027,312 1012.5,330Q998,348 984,360Q971,348 957.5,330Q944,312 932.5,288Q921,264 914,235Q907,206 907,172Q907,120 927,89Q947,58 988,58Q1026,58 1046.5,89Q1067,120 1067,172ZM681,172Q681,206 673.5,235Q666,264 654,287.5Q642,311 627.5,329Q613,347 599,359Q585,347 571.5,329Q558,311 546.5,287.5Q535,264 528,235Q521,206 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660.5,89Q681,120 681,172ZM218,230Q199,230 183.5,223.5Q168,217 155,206Q142,195 133,181.5Q124,168 118,153Q127,105 156,80.5Q185,56 220,56Q259,56 282.5,81Q306,106 306,144Q306,182 283,206Q260,230 218,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1955 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1955,495L1955,432L1850,432L1850,0L1773,0L1773,432L1598,432L1598,-123L1263,-123Q1218,-164 1155,-199Q1092,-234 1006.5,-259.5Q921,-285 809,-299Q697,-313 554,-313Q409,-313 308,-302Q207,-291 144,-270Q81,-249 53,-220Q25,-191 25,-155Q25,-108 55.5,-85Q86,-62 137,-62L1226,-62Q1242,-42 1259,-15Q1276,12 1290.5,46Q1305,80 1314,122Q1323,164 1323,214Q1323,263 1310.5,303.5Q1298,344 1275.5,373Q1253,402 1221.5,418Q1190,434 1152,434Q1117,434 1087.5,424Q1058,414 1037,398Q1057,379 1076,356Q1095,333 1109.5,305Q1124,277 1133,243.5Q1142,210 1142,170Q1142,86 1099.5,39.5Q1057,-7 985,-7Q916,-7 874,39.5Q832,86 832,169Q832,208 840.5,241.5Q849,275 863,303Q877,331 896,354Q915,377 935,397Q876,436 792,436Q705,436 650,397Q671,377 690,354.5Q709,332 724,304Q739,276 747.5,243Q756,210 756,170Q756,86 713.5,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,208 454,240.5Q462,273 475.5,301Q489,329 507.5,351.5Q526,374 546,394Q521,408 479,422Q437,436 372,436Q320,436 274.5,421.5Q229,407 195,381Q161,355 140,317.5Q119,280 116,234Q135,260 165.5,276.5Q196,293 233,293Q265,293 292,282Q319,271 338.5,251.5Q358,232 369,205Q380,178 380,147Q380,112 368,84Q356,56 335,35.5Q314,15 284.5,4Q255,-7 220,-7Q181,-7 149,8Q117,23 94,50.5Q71,78 58,117.5Q45,157 45,207Q45,280 72.5,335Q100,390 146.5,427Q193,464 253.5,482Q314,500 380,500Q443,500 500,480Q557,460 596,434Q638,465 690,482.5Q742,500 796,500Q847,500 895,483Q943,466 984,437Q1011,458 1054,479Q1097,500 1157,500Q1211,500 1256,479.5Q1301,459 1333,421.5Q1365,384 1382.5,331Q1400,278 1400,214Q1400,167 1391.5,126.5Q1383,86 1370,51Q1357,16 1341,-12.5Q1325,-41 1311,-62L1522,-62L1522,495L1955,495ZM557,-251Q783,-251 932,-217Q1081,-183 1170,-120Q1086,-123 981,-123L143,-123Q101,-123 101,-158Q101,-199 215.5,-225Q330,-251 557,-251ZM1067,172Q1067,206 1059,235.5Q1051,265 1039,288.5Q1027,312 1012.5,330Q998,348 984,360Q971,348 957.5,330Q944,312 932.5,288Q921,264 914,235Q907,206 907,172Q907,120 927,89Q947,58 988,58Q1026,58 1046.5,89Q1067,120 1067,172ZM681,172Q681,206 673.5,235Q666,264 654,287.5Q642,311 627.5,329Q613,347 599,359Q585,347 571.5,329Q558,311 546.5,287.5Q535,264 528,235Q521,206 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660.5,89Q681,120 681,172ZM218,230Q199,230 183.5,223.5Q168,217 155,206Q142,195 133,181.5Q124,168 118,153Q127,105 156,80.5Q185,56 220,56Q259,56 282.5,81Q306,106 306,144Q306,182 283,206Q260,230 218,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BA4 த TAMIL LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M559,495L559,433L409,433L409,293L425,293Q467,293 506.5,282Q546,271 577,247.5Q608,224 627,186.5Q646,149 646,96Q646,37 623.5,-6.5Q601,-50 560,-79.5Q519,-109 462,-123.5Q405,-138 335,-138L144,-138Q112,-138 98,-151.5Q84,-165 84,-187Q84,-204 91.5,-220Q99,-236 108,-249L46,-282Q32,-264 20,-238Q8,-212 8,-180Q8,-149 18.5,-128.5Q29,-108 46,-96Q63,-84 84.5,-79Q106,-74 128,-74L330,-74Q451,-74 510,-28.5Q569,17 569,102Q569,165 529.5,197.5Q490,230 424,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L559,495ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">த</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA4 த TAMIL LETTER TA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 889 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M816,495L816,-124L597,-124Q555,-208 473,-253Q391,-298 266,-298Q206,-298 157.5,-287.5Q109,-277 74.5,-257.5Q40,-238 21.5,-210.5Q3,-183 3,-150Q3,-105 31.5,-84Q60,-63 108,-63L540,-63Q550,-37 554.5,-6Q559,25 559,56Q559,139 522.5,184.5Q486,230 418,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L571,495L571,433L409,433L409,293L419,293Q462,293 501,279.5Q540,266 570,237.5Q600,209 617.5,164Q635,119 635,55Q635,-9 618,-63L740,-63L740,495L816,495ZM269,-235Q359,-235 420.5,-206.5Q482,-178 514,-124L113,-124Q95,-124 87,-132.5Q79,-141 79,-154Q79,-172 92.5,-186.5Q106,-201 131,-212Q156,-223 191,-229Q226,-235 269,-235ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">து</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA4 த TAMIL LETTER TA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1173 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1173,495L1173,432L1068,432L1068,0L991,0L991,432L816,432L816,-124L597,-124Q555,-208 473,-253Q391,-298 266,-298Q206,-298 157.5,-287.5Q109,-277 74.5,-257.5Q40,-238 21.5,-210.5Q3,-183 3,-150Q3,-105 31.5,-84Q60,-63 108,-63L540,-63Q550,-37 554.5,-6Q559,25 559,56Q559,139 522.5,184.5Q486,230 418,230L409,230L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L571,495L571,433L409,433L409,293L419,293Q462,293 501,279.5Q540,266 570,237.5Q600,209 617.5,164Q635,119 635,55Q635,-9 618,-63L740,-63L740,495L1173,495ZM269,-235Q359,-235 420.5,-206.5Q482,-178 514,-124L113,-124Q95,-124 87,-132.5Q79,-141 79,-154Q79,-172 92.5,-186.5Q106,-201 131,-212Q156,-223 191,-229Q226,-235 269,-235ZM197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">தூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BA8 ந TAMIL LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 687 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M500,318Q568,318 611.5,267Q655,216 655,118Q655,61 633.5,14Q612,-33 572,-66.5Q532,-100 473.5,-119Q415,-138 342,-138L164,-138Q132,-138 118,-151.5Q104,-165 104,-187Q104,-204 111.5,-220Q119,-236 128,-249L66,-282Q52,-264 40,-238Q28,-212 28,-180Q28,-149 38.5,-128.5Q49,-108 66,-96Q83,-84 104.5,-79Q126,-74 148,-74L338,-74Q398,-74 442.5,-60Q487,-46 517,-20.5Q547,5 562,40.5Q577,76 577,118Q577,185 552,220.5Q527,256 479,256Q450,256 425.5,236.5Q401,217 390,184L390,0L314,0L314,433L148,433L148,0L73,0L73,495L580,495L580,433L390,433L390,265Q404,286 433.5,302Q463,318 500,318Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ந</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA8 ந TAMIL LETTER NA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 908 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M835,495L835,-124L602,-124Q562,-200 482.5,-246Q403,-292 284,-292Q224,-292 177.5,-281Q131,-270 98.5,-250.5Q66,-231 49.5,-205Q33,-179 33,-149Q33,-105 62,-84Q91,-63 139,-63L543,-63Q557,-31 564.5,9Q572,49 572,95Q572,173 546,214.5Q520,256 470,256Q446,256 425,243.5Q404,231 390,208L390,0L314,0L314,433L148,433L148,0L73,0L73,495L580,495L580,433L390,433L390,278Q407,295 433,306.5Q459,318 491,318Q525,318 554,303.5Q583,289 604,261Q625,233 637,191Q649,149 649,95Q649,53 641.5,11.5Q634,-30 624,-63L759,-63L759,495L835,495ZM287,-229Q372,-229 428.5,-202Q485,-175 517,-124L143,-124Q126,-124 117.5,-132.5Q109,-141 109,-153Q109,-185 157,-207Q205,-229 287,-229Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">நு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA8 ந TAMIL LETTER NA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1192 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1192,495L1192,432L1087,432L1087,0L1010,0L1010,432L835,432L835,-124L602,-124Q562,-200 482.5,-246Q403,-292 284,-292Q224,-292 177.5,-281Q131,-270 98.5,-250.5Q66,-231 49.5,-205Q33,-179 33,-149Q33,-105 62,-84Q91,-63 139,-63L543,-63Q557,-31 564.5,9Q572,49 572,95Q572,173 546,214.5Q520,256 470,256Q446,256 425,243.5Q404,231 390,208L390,0L314,0L314,433L148,433L148,0L73,0L73,495L580,495L580,433L390,433L390,278Q407,295 433,306.5Q459,318 491,318Q525,318 554,303.5Q583,289 604,261Q625,233 637,191Q649,149 649,95Q649,53 641.5,11.5Q634,-30 624,-63L759,-63L759,495L1192,495ZM287,-229Q372,-229 428.5,-202Q485,-175 517,-124L143,-124Q126,-124 117.5,-132.5Q109,-141 109,-153Q109,-185 157,-207Q205,-229 287,-229Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">நூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1050 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M376,500Q442,500 499.5,480Q557,460 595,434Q628,457 685,476Q742,495 818,495L1059,495L1059,433L945,433L945,0L871,0L871,432L811,432Q701,432 648,396Q669,377 688.5,354.5Q708,332 723,305Q738,278 746.5,244.5Q755,211 755,170Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,209 454,241.5Q462,274 476,301Q490,328 507.5,350.5Q525,373 545,392Q520,406 478,421Q436,436 372,436Q319,436 274,422.5Q229,409 195.5,383Q162,357 140.5,320Q119,283 115,235Q134,261 164.5,277Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,280 71,335Q98,390 143.5,426.5Q189,463 249,481.5Q309,500 376,500ZM680,172Q680,207 672,236.5Q664,266 652,289Q640,312 625.5,329Q611,346 598,357Q586,346 572.5,329Q559,312 547.5,289Q536,266 528.5,237Q521,208 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q639,58 659.5,89Q680,120 680,172ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1285 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1212,495L1212,-123L906,-123Q873,-164 828,-198.5Q783,-233 723.5,-258.5Q664,-284 587,-298.5Q510,-313 412,-313Q225,-313 125,-271Q25,-229 25,-154Q25,-108 55,-85Q85,-62 133,-62L857,-62Q887,-19 912,50.5Q937,120 937,218Q937,267 924.5,307Q912,347 889,375.5Q866,404 834.5,419Q803,434 764,434Q728,434 699.5,423.5Q671,413 649,396Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,208 454,241Q462,274 475.5,301.5Q489,329 507,351.5Q525,374 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 274,421.5Q229,407 194.5,381Q160,355 139,317.5Q118,280 115,234Q134,260 164.5,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q609,445 626.5,456.5Q644,468 666,478Q688,488 713.5,494Q739,500 769,500Q824,500 869,479.5Q914,459 946,421.5Q978,384 996,331.5Q1014,279 1014,216Q1014,127 992,55.5Q970,-16 943,-62L1136,-62L1136,495L1212,495ZM415,-251Q493,-251 555,-241Q617,-231 666,-213.5Q715,-196 752,-172.5Q789,-149 815,-121Q783,-122 743,-122.5Q703,-123 640,-123L139,-123Q101,-123 101,-157Q101,-180 126.5,-197.5Q152,-215 195,-227Q238,-239 295,-245Q352,-251 415,-251ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287Q535,263 528,234Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1569 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1569,495L1569,432L1464,432L1464,0L1387,0L1387,432L1212,432L1212,-123L906,-123Q873,-164 828,-198.5Q783,-233 723.5,-258.5Q664,-284 587,-298.5Q510,-313 412,-313Q225,-313 125,-271Q25,-229 25,-154Q25,-108 55,-85Q85,-62 133,-62L857,-62Q887,-19 912,50.5Q937,120 937,218Q937,267 924.5,307Q912,347 889,375.5Q866,404 834.5,419Q803,434 764,434Q728,434 699.5,423.5Q671,413 649,396Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,208 454,241Q462,274 475.5,301.5Q489,329 507,351.5Q525,374 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 274,421.5Q229,407 194.5,381Q160,355 139,317.5Q118,280 115,234Q134,260 164.5,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q609,445 626.5,456.5Q644,468 666,478Q688,488 713.5,494Q739,500 769,500Q824,500 869,479.5Q914,459 946,421.5Q978,384 996,331.5Q1014,279 1014,216Q1014,127 992,55.5Q970,-16 943,-62L1136,-62L1136,495L1569,495ZM415,-251Q493,-251 555,-241Q617,-231 666,-213.5Q715,-196 752,-172.5Q789,-149 815,-121Q783,-122 743,-122.5Q703,-123 640,-123L139,-123Q101,-123 101,-157Q101,-180 126.5,-197.5Q152,-215 195,-227Q238,-239 295,-245Q352,-251 415,-251ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287Q535,263 528,234Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 661 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,66L511,66L511,495L588,495L588,0L73,0L73,495L150,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ப</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 663 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M150,495L150,66L511,66L511,495L588,495L588,-158L515,-158L515,0L73,0L73,495L150,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">பு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAA ப TAMIL LETTER PA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 799 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M675,66Q731,66 764,30Q797,-6 797,-66Q797,-115 772,-160Q747,-205 697.5,-239.5Q648,-274 573,-294.5Q498,-315 398,-315Q328,-315 266,-305.5Q204,-296 158,-276.5Q112,-257 85,-227.5Q58,-198 58,-159Q58,-116 94,-86Q130,-56 201,-56Q240,-56 270.5,-63.5Q301,-71 328,-84L304,-140Q279,-129 254.5,-124Q230,-119 201,-119Q168,-119 150.5,-130Q133,-141 133,-161Q133,-183 155,-200Q177,-217 214,-229Q251,-241 300,-247.5Q349,-254 404,-254Q487,-254 547,-239Q607,-224 646,-198.5Q685,-173 703.5,-139.5Q722,-106 722,-68Q722,-34 704,-15Q686,4 656,4Q628,4 610.5,-12.5Q593,-29 585,-53L585,-128L511,-128L511,0L71,0L71,495L148,495L148,66L509,66L509,495L586,495L586,25Q601,44 623.5,55Q646,66 675,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">பூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BAE ம TAMIL LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 719 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M147,495L147,63L321,63L321,340Q321,414 364,457Q407,500 481,500Q517,500 551,485.5Q585,471 612,440Q639,409 655,362Q671,315 671,251Q671,192 656,145.5Q641,99 609.5,67Q578,35 529,17.5Q480,0 412,0L73,0L73,495L147,495ZM395,63L420,63Q467,63 500.5,76.5Q534,90 555,114Q576,138 585.5,172.5Q595,207 595,249Q595,344 560.5,389Q526,434 478,434Q441,434 418,411.5Q395,389 395,336L395,63Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ம</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAE ம TAMIL LETTER MA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 995 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M423,495L423,63L597,63L597,340Q597,414 640,457Q683,500 757,500Q793,500 827,485.5Q861,471 888,440Q915,409 931,362Q947,315 947,251Q947,192 932,145.5Q917,99 885.5,67Q854,35 805,17.5Q756,0 688,0L669,0Q668,-58 646.5,-105Q625,-152 586.5,-185Q548,-218 493.5,-236Q439,-254 373,-254Q298,-254 237.5,-228Q177,-202 134.5,-154.5Q92,-107 69,-40Q46,27 46,110Q46,176 59,234Q72,292 94.5,342Q117,392 147.5,432Q178,472 213,502L262,455Q198,392 160,305.5Q122,219 122,110Q122,40 139.5,-15.5Q157,-71 190,-109.5Q223,-148 270.5,-168.5Q318,-189 379,-189Q481,-189 538,-139Q595,-89 597,0L349,0L349,495L423,495ZM671,63L696,63Q743,63 776.5,76.5Q810,90 831,114Q852,138 861.5,172.5Q871,207 871,249Q871,344 836.5,389Q802,434 754,434Q717,434 694,411.5Q671,389 671,336L671,63Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">மு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAE ம TAMIL LETTER MA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1107 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M535,495L535,63L709,63L709,340Q709,414 752,457Q795,500 869,500Q905,500 939,485.5Q973,471 1000,440Q1027,409 1043,362Q1059,315 1059,251Q1059,192 1044,145.5Q1029,99 997.5,67Q966,35 917,17.5Q868,0 800,0L781,0Q780,-61 754,-111.5Q728,-162 683,-198.5Q638,-235 575.5,-255.5Q513,-276 438,-276Q347,-276 274.5,-246.5Q202,-217 151.5,-161.5Q101,-106 74,-25.5Q47,55 47,156Q47,223 61,285Q75,347 101.5,395Q128,443 167,471.5Q206,500 256,500Q289,500 314,489Q339,478 356.5,459.5Q374,441 382.5,417.5Q391,394 391,370Q391,313 354,277.5Q317,242 258,242Q216,242 186.5,265Q157,288 146,324Q134,290 126.5,246Q119,202 119,156Q119,70 141.5,2Q164,-66 205.5,-113Q247,-160 307,-185Q367,-210 442,-210Q502,-210 551,-195Q600,-180 634.5,-152.5Q669,-125 688.5,-86.5Q708,-48 709,0L461,0L461,495L535,495ZM783,63L808,63Q855,63 888.5,76.5Q922,90 943,114Q964,138 973.5,172.5Q983,207 983,249Q983,344 948.5,389Q914,434 866,434Q829,434 806,411.5Q783,389 783,336L783,63ZM253,438Q231,438 211,425Q191,412 180,389Q182,352 202,328.5Q222,305 254,305Q283,305 302,323Q321,341 321,370Q321,401 302,419.5Q283,438 253,438Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">மூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BAF ய TAMIL LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 817 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,495L144,137Q144,100 161.5,80Q179,60 215,60Q232,60 247,67Q262,74 274.5,84.5Q287,95 296.5,108.5Q306,122 312,134L312,495L388,495L388,65L668,65L668,495L744,495L744,0L332,0L320,59Q316,51 306,40Q296,29 281,18.5Q266,8 246,0.5Q226,-7 202,-7Q69,-7 69,140L69,495L144,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ய</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAF ய TAMIL LETTER YA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 817 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,495L144,137Q144,100 161.5,80Q179,60 215,60Q232,60 247,67Q262,74 274.5,84.5Q287,95 296.5,108.5Q306,122 312,134L312,495L388,495L388,65L668,65L668,495L744,495L744,-158L669,-158L669,0L332,0L320,59Q316,51 306,40Q296,29 281,18.5Q266,8 246,0.5Q226,-7 202,-7Q69,-7 69,140L69,495L144,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">யு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BAF ய TAMIL LETTER YA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 956 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M827,66Q858,66 882,55.5Q906,45 922,27Q938,9 946,-15Q954,-39 954,-67Q954,-126 920,-174Q886,-222 823,-256Q760,-290 671.5,-308.5Q583,-327 474,-327Q375,-327 297.5,-316Q220,-305 166.5,-284Q113,-263 85,-232.5Q57,-202 57,-164Q57,-112 103,-83Q149,-54 227,-54Q280,-54 323.5,-67Q367,-80 393,-95L366,-150Q337,-136 304,-126.5Q271,-117 226,-117Q133,-117 133,-167Q133,-190 157.5,-208Q182,-226 227.5,-239Q273,-252 337,-259Q401,-266 480,-266Q570,-266 644,-252Q718,-238 770,-212.5Q822,-187 850.5,-150.5Q879,-114 879,-69Q879,-34 860,-15Q841,4 811,4Q781,4 760.5,-17.5Q740,-39 740,-78L740,-128L665,-128L665,0L332,0L320,59Q316,51 306,40Q296,29 281,18.5Q266,8 246,0.5Q226,-7 202,-7Q69,-7 69,140L69,495L144,495L144,137Q144,100 161.5,80Q179,60 215,60Q232,60 247,67Q262,74 274.5,84.5Q287,95 296.5,108.5Q306,122 312,134L312,495L388,495L388,65L668,65L668,495L744,495L744,31Q758,47 779,56.5Q800,66 827,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">யூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 508 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,495L508,432L403,432L403,11L240,-173L187,-123L326,33L326,432L149,432L149,0L73,0L73,495L508,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 944 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M752,317Q789,317 818.5,301.5Q848,286 869,258.5Q890,231 901,193Q912,155 912,109Q912,29 882.5,-38Q853,-105 798.5,-153Q744,-201 665,-228Q586,-255 487,-255Q392,-255 311.5,-227Q231,-199 172,-146.5Q113,-94 80,-17.5Q47,59 47,156Q47,269 87.5,357Q128,445 188,501L238,457Q214,433 193,400.5Q172,368 156.5,329Q141,290 132,246Q123,202 123,156Q123,73 149.5,8.5Q176,-56 224.5,-100Q273,-144 341,-167Q409,-190 491,-190Q572,-190 636,-168Q700,-146 744.5,-107Q789,-68 812,-14Q835,40 835,105Q835,137 829,164.5Q823,192 810,212.5Q797,233 778,244.5Q759,256 732,256Q702,256 678.5,237.5Q655,219 644,187L644,0L569,0L569,432L397,432L397,0L323,0L323,495L834,495L834,432L644,432L644,266Q658,286 686.5,301.5Q715,317 752,317Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ரு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1070 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M878,317Q915,317 944.5,301Q974,285 995,256.5Q1016,228 1027,188.5Q1038,149 1038,102Q1038,16 1005,-53.5Q972,-123 910,-173Q848,-223 759.5,-250Q671,-277 560,-277Q449,-277 355,-246.5Q261,-216 192.5,-157Q124,-98 85.5,-10.5Q47,77 47,190Q47,250 60,306Q73,362 98,405Q123,448 160,474Q197,500 244,500Q277,500 302,489Q327,478 344.5,459.5Q362,441 370.5,417.5Q379,394 379,370Q379,313 342,277.5Q305,242 246,242Q205,242 176,263Q147,284 136,319Q128,291 123.5,258Q119,225 119,190Q119,94 152,19.5Q185,-55 244,-106.5Q303,-158 384.5,-185Q466,-212 564,-212Q655,-212 728.5,-190.5Q802,-169 854,-129Q906,-89 933.5,-31.5Q961,26 961,98Q961,131 955,160Q949,189 936,210.5Q923,232 904,244Q885,256 858,256Q828,256 804.5,237.5Q781,219 770,187L770,0L695,0L695,432L523,432L523,0L449,0L449,495L960,495L960,432L770,432L770,266Q784,286 812.5,301.5Q841,317 878,317ZM241,438Q219,438 199,425Q179,412 168,389Q170,352 190,328.5Q210,305 242,305Q271,305 290,323Q309,341 309,370Q309,401 290,419.5Q271,438 241,438Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ரூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 712 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M217,500Q241,500 261.5,492.5Q282,485 298,473Q314,461 325,446Q336,431 341,416Q345,431 354,446Q363,461 378,473Q393,485 414.5,492.5Q436,500 463,500Q498,500 533,483Q568,466 596.5,429Q625,392 642.5,334.5Q660,277 660,195Q660,32 577,-53Q494,-138 325,-138L157,-138Q125,-138 111,-151.5Q97,-165 97,-187Q97,-204 104.5,-220Q112,-236 121,-249L59,-282Q45,-264 33,-238Q21,-212 21,-180Q21,-149 31.5,-128.5Q42,-108 59,-96Q76,-84 97.5,-79Q119,-74 141,-74L335,-74Q465,-74 524,-3.5Q583,67 583,198Q583,263 571.5,308Q560,353 541.5,381Q523,409 500,421.5Q477,434 454,434Q416,434 396.5,410.5Q377,387 377,343L377,0L303,0L303,336Q303,378 282,406Q261,434 219,434Q180,434 162,409.5Q144,385 144,340L144,0L70,0L70,333Q70,422 111.5,461Q153,500 217,500Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ற</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 938 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M865,495L865,-124L606,-124Q568,-205 489.5,-250Q411,-295 290,-295Q224,-295 175,-284Q126,-273 93.5,-253.5Q61,-234 45.5,-208Q30,-182 30,-152Q30,-105 59,-84Q88,-63 136,-63L551,-63Q570,-9 576.5,56.5Q583,122 583,190Q583,259 571.5,305.5Q560,352 541.5,380.5Q523,409 499.5,421.5Q476,434 451,434Q413,434 394,410.5Q375,387 375,343L375,0L301,0L301,336Q301,378 280,406Q259,434 218,434Q180,434 162,409.5Q144,385 144,340L144,0L70,0L70,333Q70,378 81,409.5Q92,441 111.5,461Q131,481 157.5,490.5Q184,500 216,500Q240,500 260,492.5Q280,485 296,473Q312,461 323,446Q334,431 339,416Q343,431 352,446Q361,461 376,473Q391,485 412.5,492.5Q434,500 461,500Q500,500 535.5,483Q571,466 598.5,428.5Q626,391 642.5,331.5Q659,272 659,187Q659,39 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1050,145.5Q1035,99 1003.5,67Q972,35 923,17.5Q874,0 806,0L788,0L788,-8Q788,-34 806,-51Q824,-68 855,-68L982,-68L982,-129L953,-129Q933,-129 917.5,-132.5Q902,-136 887,-142.5Q872,-149 855,-159.5Q838,-170 816,-183Q784,-202 750.5,-219.5Q717,-237 679.5,-250Q642,-263 598,-270.5Q554,-278 502,-278Q407,-278 325,-250.5Q243,-223 182.5,-167.5Q122,-112 87.5,-29Q53,54 53,166Q53,230 67,290.5Q81,351 107.5,397.5Q134,444 173,472Q212,500 262,500Q295,500 320,489Q345,478 362.5,459.5Q380,441 388.5,417.5Q397,394 397,370Q397,313 360,277.5Q323,242 264,242Q222,242 192,265Q162,288 152,325Q140,293 132.5,251.5Q125,210 125,166Q125,71 153.5,0Q182,-71 232.5,-118.5Q283,-166 353,-190Q423,-214 506,-214Q573,-214 621,-201.5Q669,-189 704,-172Q744,-153 766,-138.5Q788,-124 811,-114Q791,-111 774,-101Q757,-91 744,-76.5Q731,-62 723.5,-43.5Q716,-25 716,-5L716,0L467,0L467,495L541,495ZM789,63L814,63Q861,63 894.5,76.5Q928,90 949,114Q970,138 979.5,172.5Q989,207 989,249Q989,344 954.5,389Q920,434 872,434Q835,434 812,411.5Q789,389 789,336L789,63ZM259,438Q237,438 217,425Q197,412 186,389Q188,352 208,328.5Q228,305 260,305Q289,305 308,323Q327,341 327,370Q327,401 308,419.5Q289,438 259,438Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ழூ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BB5 வ TAMIL LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 879 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M326,500Q383,500 432,480.5Q481,461 517,425.5Q553,390 573.5,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L732,63L732,495L806,495L806,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 464.5,377Q439,404 403,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 67,332.5Q88,385 125,422Q162,459 213.5,479.5Q265,500 326,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">வ</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BB5 வ TAMIL LETTER VA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 879 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M326,500Q383,500 432,480.5Q481,461 517,425.5Q553,390 573.5,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L732,63L732,495L806,495L806,-158L731,-158L731,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 464.5,377Q439,404 403,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 67,332.5Q88,385 125,422Q162,459 213.5,479.5Q265,500 326,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">வு</span></span></span></td><td><span title="U+0BB5 வ TAMIL LETTER VA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M889,66Q946,66 979.5,29Q1013,-8 1013,-69Q1013,-130 976.5,-179.5Q940,-229 873.5,-264Q807,-299 712.5,-318Q618,-337 503,-337Q394,-337 308.5,-325.5Q223,-314 163.5,-291.5Q104,-269 72.5,-237.5Q41,-206 41,-165Q41,-111 90,-82Q139,-53 224,-53Q290,-53 342,-71Q394,-89 423,-108L393,-161Q359,-142 316,-129Q273,-116 222,-116Q117,-116 117,-168Q117,-192 145,-212Q173,-232 224.5,-246.5Q276,-261 348.5,-268.5Q421,-276 509,-276Q606,-276 685,-261.5Q764,-247 820.5,-220.5Q877,-194 907.5,-156Q938,-118 938,-71Q938,-36 920,-16Q902,4 870,4Q841,4 823.5,-12.5Q806,-29 798,-53L798,-128L727,-128L727,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 464.5,377Q439,404 403,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 67,332.5Q88,385 125,422Q162,459 213.5,479.5Q265,500 326,500Q383,500 432,480.5Q481,461 517,425.5Q553,390 573.5,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L732,63L732,495L806,495L806,33Q821,48 842,57Q863,66 889,66ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">வூ</span></span></span></td> </tr></table></div> </figure> <p>With certain consonants, <span title="U+0B9C ஜ TAMIL LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 814 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M242,500Q278,500 308,490Q338,480 362,462Q386,444 402.5,420Q419,396 427,368Q432,396 445.5,420Q459,444 479.5,462Q500,480 527,490Q554,500 586,500Q627,500 660.5,486Q694,472 718,447.5Q742,423 755,389Q768,355 768,316Q768,264 750,225.5Q732,187 699,159.5Q666,132 620.5,113.5Q575,95 520,83L281,32Q136,1 136,-107Q136,-154 163,-182.5Q190,-211 235,-211Q269,-211 300.5,-193Q332,-175 364,-137L412,-81Q467,-16 514.5,11.5Q562,39 617,39Q652,39 681,27.5Q710,16 730.5,-5Q751,-26 762.5,-55.5Q774,-85 774,-121Q774,-192 730.5,-235Q687,-278 615,-278Q591,-278 571.5,-272Q552,-266 536.5,-256.5Q521,-247 509.5,-236Q498,-225 491,-216L540,-170Q548,-181 567,-196Q586,-211 616,-211Q653,-211 675,-186.5Q697,-162 697,-121Q697,-79 674,-53.5Q651,-28 613,-28Q580,-28 550,-46.5Q520,-65 484,-109L437,-166Q389,-224 340,-251Q291,-278 233,-278Q194,-278 162,-266Q130,-254 107,-231.5Q84,-209 71.5,-177.5Q59,-146 59,-108Q59,-27 110,22.5Q161,72 270,96L521,152Q602,170 646.5,208.5Q691,247 691,314Q691,365 661.5,399.5Q632,434 580,434Q532,434 498,395Q464,356 464,277L464,207L390,207L390,270Q390,307 379,337.5Q368,368 348.5,389.5Q329,411 301.5,423Q274,435 241,435Q219,435 198,429.5Q177,424 159.5,412Q142,400 129.5,381Q117,362 112,336Q127,353 150,364.5Q173,376 202,376Q224,376 245.5,368.5Q267,361 283,347Q299,333 309,311Q319,289 319,261Q319,204 280.5,169Q242,134 183,134Q156,134 131,144.5Q106,155 86.5,175Q67,195 55.5,225.5Q44,256 44,296Q44,346 60,384Q76,422 103.5,448Q131,474 167,487Q203,500 242,500ZM184,323Q156,323 137.5,305.5Q119,288 111,267Q117,229 139,212.5Q161,196 184,196Q213,196 230.5,213.5Q248,231 248,260Q248,289 230.5,306Q213,323 184,323Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஜ</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1097 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M326,500Q384,500 433,480.5Q482,461 518,425.5Q554,390 574,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L743,63L824,231Q746,232 700,268Q654,304 654,366Q654,397 666,422Q678,447 698.5,464.5Q719,482 746,491Q773,500 803,500Q834,500 860,490.5Q886,481 905.5,463.5Q925,446 936,421.5Q947,397 947,368Q947,348 940.5,328Q934,308 925,288Q995,283 1038,250Q1081,217 1081,151Q1081,82 1030,41Q979,0 881,0L794,0L698,-201L634,-171L717,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 465,377Q440,404 403.5,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 66.5,332.5Q87,385 124.5,422Q162,459 213,479.5Q264,500 326,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230ZM900,230L820,63L886,63Q949,63 977,89.5Q1005,116 1005,151Q1005,189 978,209.5Q951,230 903,230L900,230ZM729,368Q729,331 758,311Q787,291 843,291L850,291Q872,331 872,365Q872,394 852,414.5Q832,435 800,435Q767,435 748,416Q729,397 729,368Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஷ</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BB8 ஸ TAMIL LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1153 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,500Q392,500 442.5,467Q493,434 519,387Q533,434 567,467Q601,500 661,500Q702,500 732,484Q762,468 781.5,441Q801,414 810,378.5Q819,343 819,303L819,186Q819,121 845.5,89.5Q872,58 922,58Q973,58 1003,100.5Q1033,143 1033,218Q1033,291 1002.5,350.5Q972,410 918,443L961,502Q1031,453 1070.5,378.5Q1110,304 1110,218Q1110,167 1096.5,125.5Q1083,84 1058,54.5Q1033,25 997.5,9Q962,-7 919,-7Q832,-7 787.5,44.5Q743,96 743,183L743,303Q743,331 738.5,355Q734,379 723,396.5Q712,414 694.5,424Q677,434 652,434Q609,434 585,398.5Q561,363 561,302L561,0L486,0L486,269Q486,309 473,340Q460,371 436.5,392Q413,413 380.5,423.5Q348,434 310,434Q271,434 236,420Q201,406 175,379Q149,352 133,313.5Q117,275 116,226Q133,255 166,274Q199,293 239,293Q271,293 298,282Q325,271 344.5,251.5Q364,232 375,205Q386,178 386,147Q386,112 374,84Q362,56 341,35.5Q320,15 290.5,4Q261,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 152.5,9.5Q120,26 97.5,55.5Q75,85 63,126.5Q51,168 51,219Q51,279 70,330Q89,381 123.5,419Q158,457 207,478.5Q256,500 315,500ZM224,230Q205,230 189.5,223.5Q174,217 161,206Q148,195 139,181.5Q130,168 124,153Q133,105 162,80.5Q191,56 226,56Q265,56 288.5,81Q312,106 312,144Q312,182 289,206Q266,230 224,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஸ</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BB9 ஹ TAMIL LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1351 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M856,500Q880,500 900.5,492.5Q921,485 937,473Q953,461 964,446Q975,431 980,416Q984,431 993,446Q1002,461 1017,473Q1032,485 1053.5,492.5Q1075,500 1102,500Q1137,500 1172,483Q1207,466 1235.5,429Q1264,392 1281.5,334.5Q1299,277 1299,195Q1299,32 1216,-53.5Q1133,-139 964,-139L158,-139Q126,-139 112,-152.5Q98,-166 98,-188Q98,-205 105.5,-221Q113,-237 122,-250L60,-283Q46,-265 34,-239Q22,-213 22,-181Q22,-150 32.5,-129.5Q43,-109 60,-97Q77,-85 98.5,-80Q120,-75 142,-75L974,-75Q1104,-75 1163,-4.5Q1222,66 1222,198Q1222,263 1210.5,308Q1199,353 1180.5,381Q1162,409 1139,421.5Q1116,434 1092,434Q1054,434 1035,410.5Q1016,387 1016,343L1016,0L942,0L942,336Q942,378 921,406Q900,434 858,434Q820,434 801.5,409Q783,384 783,340L783,0L482,0L459,48Q488,84 502.5,130.5Q517,177 517,228Q517,274 503.5,312Q490,350 465,377Q440,404 403.5,419Q367,434 321,434Q274,434 236,419Q198,404 171,377Q144,350 128.5,311.5Q113,273 112,227Q130,256 162,274.5Q194,293 234,293Q266,293 293,282Q320,271 339.5,251.5Q359,232 370,205Q381,178 381,147Q381,112 369,84Q357,56 336,35.5Q315,15 285.5,4Q256,-7 221,-7Q182,-7 150,9Q118,25 95,54.5Q72,84 59,125.5Q46,167 46,217Q46,280 66.5,332.5Q87,385 124.5,422Q162,459 213,479.5Q264,500 326,500Q384,500 433,480.5Q482,461 518,425.5Q554,390 574,341Q594,292 594,233Q594,206 589.5,180Q585,154 578,131.5Q571,109 562.5,91.5Q554,74 547,63L709,63L709,333Q709,422 750.5,461Q792,500 856,500ZM219,230Q200,230 184.5,223.5Q169,217 156,206Q143,195 134,181.5Q125,168 119,153Q128,105 157,80.5Q186,56 221,56Q260,56 283.5,81Q307,106 307,144Q307,182 284,206Q261,230 219,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஹ</span></span></span>, and the conjunct <span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA U+0BB7 ஷ TAMIL LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1435 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M197,230Q155,230 130,210Q105,190 105,152Q105,109 139,82.5Q173,56 230,56Q281,56 309,82.5Q337,109 337,156L337,230L197,230ZM586,228Q581,213 578.5,195.5Q576,178 576,164Q576,106 602,81Q628,56 662,56Q691,56 712,76.5Q733,97 733,135Q733,182 699.5,205Q666,228 606,228L586,228ZM201,293L337,293L337,433L201,433L201,293ZM867,0L843,48Q862,76 872.5,108Q883,140 883,182Q883,251 840.5,292.5Q798,334 723,334Q687,334 658.5,320.5Q630,307 613,287Q707,287 755.5,245.5Q804,204 804,135Q804,106 794,80.5Q784,55 765,35.5Q746,16 719.5,4.5Q693,-7 659,-7Q619,-7 590,7Q561,21 542,44Q523,67 514,98Q505,129 505,163Q505,180 507,198Q509,216 514,231L409,231L409,146Q409,79 361,36Q313,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 149.5,4Q114,15 88,36Q62,57 47,86.5Q32,116 32,153Q32,180 40,202Q48,224 61.5,240.5Q75,257 92.5,268Q110,279 129,283L129,495L554,495L554,433L409,433L409,292L539,292Q567,340 616.5,367.5Q666,395 729,395Q780,395 821.5,379.5Q863,364 893,335.5Q923,307 939,268Q955,229 955,183Q955,142 945.5,112Q936,82 925,63L1081,63L1162,231Q1084,232 1038,268Q992,304 992,366Q992,397 1004,422Q1016,447 1036.5,464.5Q1057,482 1084,491Q1111,500 1141,500Q1172,500 1198,490.5Q1224,481 1243.5,463.5Q1263,446 1274,421.5Q1285,397 1285,368Q1285,348 1278.5,328Q1272,308 1263,288Q1333,283 1376,250Q1419,217 1419,151Q1419,82 1368,41Q1317,0 1219,0L1132,0L1036,-201L972,-171L1055,0L867,0ZM1238,230L1158,63L1224,63Q1287,63 1315,89.5Q1343,116 1343,151Q1343,189 1316,209.5Q1289,230 1241,230L1238,230ZM1067,368Q1067,331 1096,311Q1125,291 1181,291L1188,291Q1210,331 1210,365Q1210,394 1190,414.5Q1170,435 1138,435Q1105,435 1086,416Q1067,397 1067,368Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க்ஷ</span></span></span>, the vowel signs <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> <span title="U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 10209 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(920 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1340 280V-492H1216V280Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ு</span></span></span> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i> <span title="U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="482 -22528 13950 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(-1174 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1216 280H1340V86Q1364 116 1402 132Q1440 148 1488 148Q1588 148 1661 75Q1734 2 1734 -98Q1734 -332 1453 -498Q1172 -664 774 -664Q530 -664 357 -570Q184 -476 184 -344Q184 -262 300 -205Q416 -148 578 -148Q676 -148 769 -172Q862 -196 946 -246L872 -344Q788 -294 714 -270Q640 -246 578 -246Q464 -246 386 -274Q308 -302 308 -344Q308 -434 444 -500Q580 -566 774 -566Q1120 -566 1365 -433Q1610 -300 1610 -110Q1610 -48 1571 -6Q1532 36 1476 36Q1444 36 1407 7Q1370 -22 1340 -74V-344H1216Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ூ</span></span></span> take a distinct spacing form, as shown in <a href="#G74041" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-22</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G74041" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G74041" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-22.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1y8vgsh">Spacing Forms of Tamil <i>u</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0B9C ஜ TAMIL LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 814 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M242,500Q278,500 308,490Q338,480 362,462Q386,444 402.5,420Q419,396 427,368Q432,396 445.5,420Q459,444 479.5,462Q500,480 527,490Q554,500 586,500Q627,500 660.5,486Q694,472 718,447.5Q742,423 755,389Q768,355 768,316Q768,264 750,225.5Q732,187 699,159.5Q666,132 620.5,113.5Q575,95 520,83L281,32Q136,1 136,-107Q136,-154 163,-182.5Q190,-211 235,-211Q269,-211 300.5,-193Q332,-175 364,-137L412,-81Q467,-16 514.5,11.5Q562,39 617,39Q652,39 681,27.5Q710,16 730.5,-5Q751,-26 762.5,-55.5Q774,-85 774,-121Q774,-192 730.5,-235Q687,-278 615,-278Q591,-278 571.5,-272Q552,-266 536.5,-256.5Q521,-247 509.5,-236Q498,-225 491,-216L540,-170Q548,-181 567,-196Q586,-211 616,-211Q653,-211 675,-186.5Q697,-162 697,-121Q697,-79 674,-53.5Q651,-28 613,-28Q580,-28 550,-46.5Q520,-65 484,-109L437,-166Q389,-224 340,-251Q291,-278 233,-278Q194,-278 162,-266Q130,-254 107,-231.5Q84,-209 71.5,-177.5Q59,-146 59,-108Q59,-27 110,22.5Q161,72 270,96L521,152Q602,170 646.5,208.5Q691,247 691,314Q691,365 661.5,399.5Q632,434 580,434Q532,434 498,395Q464,356 464,277L464,207L390,207L390,270Q390,307 379,337.5Q368,368 348.5,389.5Q329,411 301.5,423Q274,435 241,435Q219,435 198,429.5Q177,424 159.5,412Q142,400 129.5,381Q117,362 112,336Q127,353 150,364.5Q173,376 202,376Q224,376 245.5,368.5Q267,361 283,347Q299,333 309,311Q319,289 319,261Q319,204 280.5,169Q242,134 183,134Q156,134 131,144.5Q106,155 86.5,175Q67,195 55.5,225.5Q44,256 44,296Q44,346 60,384Q76,422 103.5,448Q131,474 167,487Q203,500 242,500ZM184,323Q156,323 137.5,305.5Q119,288 111,267Q117,229 139,212.5Q161,196 184,196Q213,196 230.5,213.5Q248,231 248,260Q248,289 230.5,306Q213,323 184,323Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஜ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 10209 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(920 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1340 280V-492H1216V280Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ு</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B9C ஜ TAMIL LETTER JA U+0BC1 ◌ு TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1134 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M242,500Q278,500 308,490Q338,480 362,462Q386,444 402.5,420Q419,396 427,368Q432,395 445.5,418Q459,441 479.5,458Q500,475 527,485Q554,495 586,495L948,495Q1029,495 1073.5,459Q1118,423 1118,364Q1118,341 1109.5,319.5Q1101,298 1085,282Q1069,266 1046,256.5Q1023,247 993,247Q966,247 943.5,255.5Q921,264 905,279Q889,294 880,313.5Q871,333 871,354Q871,382 881.5,403Q892,424 910,438L717,438Q743,412 755.5,380.5Q768,349 768,314Q768,263 750,224.5Q732,186 699,158.5Q666,131 620.5,113Q575,95 520,83L281,32Q136,1 136,-107Q136,-154 163,-182.5Q190,-211 235,-211Q269,-211 300.5,-193Q332,-175 364,-137L412,-81Q467,-16 514.5,11.5Q562,39 617,39Q652,39 681,27.5Q710,16 730.5,-5Q751,-26 762.5,-55.5Q774,-85 774,-121Q774,-192 730.5,-235Q687,-278 615,-278Q591,-278 571.5,-272Q552,-266 536.5,-256.5Q521,-247 509.5,-236Q498,-225 491,-216L540,-170Q548,-181 567,-196Q586,-211 616,-211Q653,-211 675,-186.5Q697,-162 697,-121Q697,-79 674,-53.5Q651,-28 613,-28Q580,-28 550,-46.5Q520,-65 484,-109L437,-166Q389,-224 340,-251Q291,-278 233,-278Q194,-278 162,-266Q130,-254 107,-231.5Q84,-209 71.5,-177.5Q59,-146 59,-108Q59,-27 110,22.5Q161,72 270,96L521,152Q602,170 646.5,208Q691,246 691,312Q691,363 661.5,396.5Q632,430 580,430Q532,430 498,391.5Q464,353 464,275L464,207L390,207L390,270Q390,307 379,337.5Q368,368 348.5,389.5Q329,411 301.5,423Q274,435 241,435Q219,435 198,429.5Q177,424 159.5,412Q142,400 129.5,381Q117,362 112,336Q127,353 150,364.5Q173,376 202,376Q224,376 245.5,368.5Q267,361 283,347Q299,333 309,311Q319,289 319,261Q319,204 280.5,169Q242,134 183,134Q156,134 131,144.5Q106,155 86.5,175Q67,195 55.5,225.5Q44,256 44,296Q44,346 60,384Q76,422 103.5,448Q131,474 167,487Q203,500 242,500ZM184,323Q156,323 137.5,305.5Q119,288 111,267Q117,229 139,212.5Q161,196 184,196Q213,196 230.5,213.5Q248,231 248,260Q248,289 230.5,306Q213,323 184,323ZM1051,364Q1051,395 1032.5,412Q1014,429 989,433Q963,424 950,404.5Q937,385 937,362Q937,336 954,320.5Q971,305 995,305Q1018,305 1034.5,320.5Q1051,336 1051,364Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஜு</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1kz5x6c"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ju</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0B9C ஜ TAMIL LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 814 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M242,500Q278,500 308,490Q338,480 362,462Q386,444 402.5,420Q419,396 427,368Q432,396 445.5,420Q459,444 479.5,462Q500,480 527,490Q554,500 586,500Q627,500 660.5,486Q694,472 718,447.5Q742,423 755,389Q768,355 768,316Q768,264 750,225.5Q732,187 699,159.5Q666,132 620.5,113.5Q575,95 520,83L281,32Q136,1 136,-107Q136,-154 163,-182.5Q190,-211 235,-211Q269,-211 300.5,-193Q332,-175 364,-137L412,-81Q467,-16 514.5,11.5Q562,39 617,39Q652,39 681,27.5Q710,16 730.5,-5Q751,-26 762.5,-55.5Q774,-85 774,-121Q774,-192 730.5,-235Q687,-278 615,-278Q591,-278 571.5,-272Q552,-266 536.5,-256.5Q521,-247 509.5,-236Q498,-225 491,-216L540,-170Q548,-181 567,-196Q586,-211 616,-211Q653,-211 675,-186.5Q697,-162 697,-121Q697,-79 674,-53.5Q651,-28 613,-28Q580,-28 550,-46.5Q520,-65 484,-109L437,-166Q389,-224 340,-251Q291,-278 233,-278Q194,-278 162,-266Q130,-254 107,-231.5Q84,-209 71.5,-177.5Q59,-146 59,-108Q59,-27 110,22.5Q161,72 270,96L521,152Q602,170 646.5,208.5Q691,247 691,314Q691,365 661.5,399.5Q632,434 580,434Q532,434 498,395Q464,356 464,277L464,207L390,207L390,270Q390,307 379,337.5Q368,368 348.5,389.5Q329,411 301.5,423Q274,435 241,435Q219,435 198,429.5Q177,424 159.5,412Q142,400 129.5,381Q117,362 112,336Q127,353 150,364.5Q173,376 202,376Q224,376 245.5,368.5Q267,361 283,347Q299,333 309,311Q319,289 319,261Q319,204 280.5,169Q242,134 183,134Q156,134 131,144.5Q106,155 86.5,175Q67,195 55.5,225.5Q44,256 44,296Q44,346 60,384Q76,422 103.5,448Q131,474 167,487Q203,500 242,500ZM184,323Q156,323 137.5,305.5Q119,288 111,267Q117,229 139,212.5Q161,196 184,196Q213,196 230.5,213.5Q248,231 248,260Q248,289 230.5,306Q213,323 184,323Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஜ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="482 -22528 13950 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(-1174 1024) scale(9 -9)" d="M1216 280H1340V86Q1364 116 1402 132Q1440 148 1488 148Q1588 148 1661 75Q1734 2 1734 -98Q1734 -332 1453 -498Q1172 -664 774 -664Q530 -664 357 -570Q184 -476 184 -344Q184 -262 300 -205Q416 -148 578 -148Q676 -148 769 -172Q862 -196 946 -246L872 -344Q788 -294 714 -270Q640 -246 578 -246Q464 -246 386 -274Q308 -302 308 -344Q308 -434 444 -500Q580 -566 774 -566Q1120 -566 1365 -433Q1610 -300 1610 -110Q1610 -48 1571 -6Q1532 36 1476 36Q1444 36 1407 7Q1370 -22 1340 -74V-344H1216Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ூ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0B9C ஜ TAMIL LETTER JA U+0BC2 ◌ூ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1333 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1097,626Q1147,626 1188.5,610.5Q1230,595 1259.5,566Q1289,537 1305,496.5Q1321,456 1321,407Q1321,326 1277.5,265Q1234,204 1161,173L1130,229Q1184,255 1215.5,302Q1247,349 1247,407Q1247,482 1206,524Q1165,566 1092,566Q1047,566 1011.5,546Q976,526 960,494L964,494Q1039,494 1076.5,459.5Q1114,425 1114,374Q1114,327 1080,294.5Q1046,262 992,262Q963,262 940,273Q917,284 901,303Q885,322 877,346.5Q869,371 869,397Q869,417 872,435L720,435Q745,409 756.5,379Q768,349 768,314Q768,263 750,224.5Q732,186 699,158.5Q666,131 620.5,113Q575,95 520,83L281,32Q136,1 136,-107Q136,-154 163,-182.5Q190,-211 235,-211Q269,-211 300.5,-193Q332,-175 364,-137L412,-81Q467,-16 514.5,11.5Q562,39 617,39Q652,39 681,27.5Q710,16 730.5,-5Q751,-26 762.5,-55.5Q774,-85 774,-121Q774,-192 730.5,-235Q687,-278 615,-278Q591,-278 571.5,-272Q552,-266 536.5,-256.5Q521,-247 509.5,-236Q498,-225 491,-216L540,-170Q548,-181 567,-196Q586,-211 616,-211Q653,-211 675,-186.5Q697,-162 697,-121Q697,-79 674,-53.5Q651,-28 613,-28Q580,-28 550,-46.5Q520,-65 484,-109L437,-166Q389,-224 340,-251Q291,-278 233,-278Q194,-278 162,-266Q130,-254 107,-231.5Q84,-209 71.5,-177.5Q59,-146 59,-108Q59,-27 110,22.5Q161,72 270,96L521,152Q602,170 646.5,208Q691,246 691,312Q691,363 661.5,396.5Q632,430 580,430Q532,430 498,391.5Q464,353 464,275L464,207L390,207L390,270Q390,307 379,337.5Q368,368 348.5,389.5Q329,411 301.5,423Q274,435 241,435Q219,435 198,429.5Q177,424 159.5,412Q142,400 129.5,381Q117,362 112,336Q127,353 150,364.5Q173,376 202,376Q224,376 245.5,368.5Q267,361 283,347Q299,333 309,311Q319,289 319,261Q319,204 280.5,169Q242,134 183,134Q156,134 131,144.5Q106,155 86.5,175Q67,195 55.5,225.5Q44,256 44,296Q44,346 60,384Q76,422 103.5,448Q131,474 167,487Q203,500 242,500Q278,500 308,490Q338,480 362,462Q386,444 402.5,420Q419,396 427,368Q432,395 445.5,418Q459,441 479.5,458Q500,475 527,485Q554,495 586,495L889,495Q898,517 915,540.5Q932,564 958.5,583Q985,602 1019.5,614Q1054,626 1097,626ZM184,323Q156,323 137.5,305.5Q119,288 111,267Q117,229 139,212.5Q161,196 184,196Q213,196 230.5,213.5Q248,231 248,260Q248,289 230.5,306Q213,323 184,323ZM940,433Q935,415 935,394Q935,361 951,340.5Q967,320 996,320Q1021,320 1034.5,335Q1048,350 1048,373Q1048,403 1025.5,418Q1003,433 962,433L940,433Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஜூ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1hnfuue"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">jū</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73040" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73040" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligatures with ra.</span></span> Based on typographical preferences, the consonant <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span> may change shape to <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 437 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,0L322,382L134,382L134,0L80,0L80,430L437,430L437,382L376,382L376,0L322,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span>, when it ligates. Such change, if it occurs, will happen only when the <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 437 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,0L322,382L134,382L134,0L80,0L80,430L437,430L437,382L376,382L376,0L322,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span> form of <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BB0 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER RA</span></span> would not be confused with the nominal form <span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 437 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M322,0L322,382L134,382L134,0L80,0L80,430L437,430L437,382L376,382L376,0L322,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ா</span></span></span> of <span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BBE <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA</span></span> (namely, when <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span> is combined with <span title="U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(12695) scale(9 -9)" d="M-705 1376Q-705 1428 -669 1464Q-633 1500 -581 1500Q-529 1500 -494 1464Q-459 1428 -459 1376Q-459 1324 -494 1289Q-529 1254 -581 1254Q-633 1254 -669 1290Q-705 1326 -705 1376Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11265 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10220 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M424 12H319V1102Q319 1194 243.5 1267.5Q168 1341 76 1341Q-197 1341 -197 1108Q-197 1018 -152 920Q-102 811 -29 778L-137 733Q-307 913 -307 1110Q-307 1452 72 1452Q221 1452 322.5 1343.5Q424 1235 424 1083Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span>, or <span title="U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11328 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(16097 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M-960 1352Q-960 1494 -844 1595Q-728 1696 -566 1696Q-424 1696 -323 1618Q-222 1540 -222 1426Q-222 1326 -295 1253Q-368 1180 -468 1180Q-568 1180 -641 1253Q-714 1326 -714 1426Q-714 1480 -688 1526Q-662 1572 -616 1598Q-712 1580 -774 1510Q-836 1440 -836 1352Q-836 1254 -764 1154Q-692 1054 -566 984H-738Q-842 1044 -901 1143Q-960 1242 -960 1352ZM-590 1426Q-590 1364 -555 1321Q-520 1278 -468 1278Q-416 1278 -380 1321Q-344 1364 -344 1426Q-344 1488 -380 1531Q-416 1574 -468 1574Q-520 1574 -555 1531Q-590 1488 -590 1426Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span>). This change in shape is illustrated in <a href="#G75141" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-23</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G75141" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G75141" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-23.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-bulijc">Tamil Ligatures with <i>ra</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 9372 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(12695) scale(9 -9)" d="M-705 1376Q-705 1428 -669 1464Q-633 1500 -581 1500Q-529 1500 -494 1464Q-459 1428 -459 1376Q-459 1324 -494 1289Q-529 1254 -581 1254Q-633 1254 -669 1290Q-705 1326 -705 1376Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 349 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M201,576Q201,560 190,548.5Q179,537 163,537Q146,537 134.5,548Q123,559 123,576Q123,592 134.5,603.5Q146,615 162,615Q179,615 190,604Q201,593 201,576ZM355,401L294,401L294,19L240,19L240,401L52,401L52,19L-2,19L-2,449L355,449L355,401Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர்</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-i16iy7"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">r</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11265 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(10220 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M424 12H319V1102Q319 1194 243.5 1267.5Q168 1341 76 1341Q-197 1341 -197 1108Q-197 1018 -152 920Q-102 811 -29 778L-137 733Q-307 913 -307 1110Q-307 1452 72 1452Q221 1452 322.5 1343.5Q424 1235 424 1083Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BBF ◌ி TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 636 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M608,6L557,6L557,538Q557,583 520,619Q483,655 438,655Q305,655 305,541Q305,497 327,449L355,449L355,401L294,401L294,19L240,19L240,401L52,401L52,19L-2,19L-2,449L271,449Q251,495 251,542Q251,709 436,709Q509,709 558.5,656Q608,603 608,529L608,6Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ரி</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tdrah4"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ri</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 11328 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(16097 -2048) scale(9 -9)" d="M-960 1352Q-960 1494 -844 1595Q-728 1696 -566 1696Q-424 1696 -323 1618Q-222 1540 -222 1426Q-222 1326 -295 1253Q-368 1180 -468 1180Q-568 1180 -641 1253Q-714 1326 -714 1426Q-714 1480 -688 1526Q-662 1572 -616 1598Q-712 1580 -774 1510Q-836 1440 -836 1352Q-836 1254 -764 1154Q-692 1054 -566 984H-738Q-842 1044 -901 1143Q-960 1242 -960 1352ZM-590 1426Q-590 1364 -555 1321Q-520 1278 -468 1278Q-416 1278 -380 1321Q-344 1364 -344 1426Q-344 1488 -380 1531Q-416 1574 -468 1574Q-520 1574 -555 1531Q-590 1488 -590 1426Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 349 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M329,699Q329,597 232,597Q174,597 141,634Q108,671 108,730Q81,723 81,662Q81,615 104,578Q130,535 174,535L166,495Q105,495 66,554Q31,606 31,670Q31,737 81,779Q129,818 197,818Q249,818 289,784Q329,750 329,699ZM355,401L294,401L294,19L240,19L240,401L52,401L52,19L-2,19L-2,449L355,449L355,401ZM287,695Q287,729 261,752.5Q235,776 201,776Q153,776 153,725Q153,640 231,640Q287,640 287,695Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ரீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-sndvxa"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">rī</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>However, various governmental bodies mandate that the basic shape of the consonant <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span> should be used for these ligatures as well, especially in school textbooks. Media and literary publications in Malaysia and Singapore mostly use the unchanged form of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> <span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1656 -22528 7740 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1044V886H774V0Q656 -42 574 -148Q492 -254 468 -394L356 -368Q380 -230 458 -117Q536 -4 652 62V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span>. Sri Lanka, on the other hand, specifies the use of the changed forms shown in <a href="#G75141" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-23</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G723807" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G723807" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Tamil Ligature shri.</span></span> Prior to Unicode 4.1, the best mapping to represent the ligature <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1wyfzgy">shri</i> was to the sequence <U+0BB8, U+0BCD, U+0BB0, U+0BC0>. Unicode 4.1 in 2005 added the character <span title="U+0BB6 ஶ TAMIL LETTER SHA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BB6 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER SHA</span></span> and as a consequence, the best mapping became <U+0BB6, U+0BCD, U+0BB0, U+0BC0>. Due to slow updates to implementations, both representations are widespread in existing text. Therefore, treating both representations as equivalent sequences is recommended. <a href="#G724113" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-24</a> shows the two sequences.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G724113" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G724113" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-24.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-d9chfw">Tamil Ligatures for <i>shri</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid black;"><tr><td><span title="U+0BB8 ஸ TAMIL LETTER SA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1153 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M315,500Q392,500 442.5,467Q493,434 519,387Q533,434 567,467Q601,500 661,500Q702,500 732,484Q762,468 781.5,441Q801,414 810,378.5Q819,343 819,303L819,186Q819,121 845.5,89.5Q872,58 922,58Q973,58 1003,100.5Q1033,143 1033,218Q1033,291 1002.5,350.5Q972,410 918,443L961,502Q1031,453 1070.5,378.5Q1110,304 1110,218Q1110,167 1096.5,125.5Q1083,84 1058,54.5Q1033,25 997.5,9Q962,-7 919,-7Q832,-7 787.5,44.5Q743,96 743,183L743,303Q743,331 738.5,355Q734,379 723,396.5Q712,414 694.5,424Q677,434 652,434Q609,434 585,398.5Q561,363 561,302L561,0L486,0L486,269Q486,309 473,340Q460,371 436.5,392Q413,413 380.5,423.5Q348,434 310,434Q271,434 236,420Q201,406 175,379Q149,352 133,313.5Q117,275 116,226Q133,255 166,274Q199,293 239,293Q271,293 298,282Q325,271 344.5,251.5Q364,232 375,205Q386,178 386,147Q386,112 374,84Q362,56 341,35.5Q320,15 290.5,4Q261,-7 226,-7Q185,-7 152.5,9.5Q120,26 97.5,55.5Q75,85 63,126.5Q51,168 51,219Q51,279 70,330Q89,381 123.5,419Q158,457 207,478.5Q256,500 315,500ZM224,230Q205,230 189.5,223.5Q174,217 161,206Q148,195 139,181.5Q130,168 124,153Q133,105 162,80.5Q191,56 226,56Q265,56 288.5,81Q312,106 312,144Q312,182 289,206Q266,230 224,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஸ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(369)" d="M-106,703Q-81,703 -64.5,686.5Q-48,670 -48,647Q-48,624 -64.5,607.5Q-81,591 -104,591Q-129,591 -145.5,607.5Q-162,624 -162,647Q-162,670 -145.5,686.5Q-129,703 -106,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 508 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,495L508,432L403,432L403,11L240,-173L187,-123L326,33L326,432L149,432L149,0L73,0L73,495L508,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M207,796Q246,796 276,786.5Q306,777 325.5,761Q345,745 355,724.5Q365,704 365,682Q365,657 355.5,637Q346,617 330.5,603Q315,589 293.5,581.5Q272,574 248,574Q201,574 170,602Q139,630 139,673Q139,716 170,744Q127,736 100,701.5Q73,667 73,615Q73,573 93,538Q113,503 140,486L80,471Q63,479 48.5,494.5Q34,510 23.5,530Q13,550 7,572.5Q1,595 1,617Q1,661 18,694.5Q35,728 63.5,750.5Q92,773 129,784.5Q166,796 207,796ZM301,683Q301,710 282.5,726Q264,742 239,744Q221,736 209.5,719.5Q198,703 198,682Q198,658 213,644Q228,630 250,630Q271,630 286,643.5Q301,657 301,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB8 ஸ TAMIL LETTER SA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1300 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M922,432L749,432L749,0L677,0L677,330Q676,351 670.5,370Q665,389 654.5,403.5Q644,418 628,426.5Q612,435 590,435Q549,435 529.5,409Q510,383 510,335L510,0L83,0L83,495L160,495L160,66L436,66L436,332Q436,377 447,408.5Q458,440 477.5,460.5Q497,481 524,490.5Q551,500 582,500Q612,500 639.5,483.5Q667,467 681,445L681,495L909,495Q888,518 875,550.5Q862,583 862,617Q862,661 879,694.5Q896,728 924.5,750.5Q953,773 990,784.5Q1027,796 1068,796Q1107,796 1137,786.5Q1167,777 1186.5,761Q1206,745 1216,724.5Q1226,704 1226,682Q1226,657 1216.5,637Q1207,617 1191.5,603Q1176,589 1154.5,581.5Q1133,574 1109,574Q1062,574 1031,602Q1000,630 1000,673Q1000,716 1031,744Q988,736 961,701.5Q934,667 934,615Q934,578 949.5,546Q965,514 988,495L1194,495L1194,432L996,432L996,264Q1010,285 1040.5,301.5Q1071,318 1112,318Q1184,318 1228,267Q1272,216 1272,127Q1272,33 1227.5,-53.5Q1183,-140 1092,-206Q1001,-272 862.5,-311.5Q724,-351 536,-351Q437,-351 352.5,-341.5Q268,-332 206,-311Q144,-290 108.5,-256Q73,-222 73,-172Q73,-112 122.5,-79.5Q172,-47 254,-47Q316,-47 365,-62Q414,-77 446,-95L419,-153Q387,-135 342.5,-122.5Q298,-110 252,-110Q205,-110 177,-126.5Q149,-143 149,-172Q149,-204 183,-225.5Q217,-247 272.5,-260.5Q328,-274 398.5,-280Q469,-286 542,-286Q706,-286 828.5,-252Q951,-218 1032.5,-161Q1114,-104 1154.5,-30Q1195,44 1195,123Q1195,183 1169,219.5Q1143,256 1091,256Q1059,256 1033,236.5Q1007,217 996,183L996,0L922,0L922,432ZM1162,683Q1162,710 1143.5,726Q1125,742 1100,744Q1082,736 1070.5,719.5Q1059,703 1059,682Q1059,658 1074,644Q1089,630 1111,630Q1132,630 1147,643.5Q1162,657 1162,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஸ்ரீ</span></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td><span title="U+0BB6 ஶ TAMIL LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 948 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M143,177Q143,117 165.5,87Q188,57 238,57Q286,57 307.5,87.5Q329,118 329,177L329,495L880,495L880,173Q880,82 834,37.5Q788,-7 707,-7Q627,-7 584,37.5Q541,82 541,173L541,434L403,434L403,174Q403,83 359.5,38Q316,-7 234,-7Q153,-7 110.5,37.5Q68,82 68,174L68,495L143,495L143,177ZM615,434L615,176Q615,116 637.5,86.5Q660,57 711,57Q760,57 783,87.5Q806,118 806,176L806,434L615,434Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஶ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(369)" d="M-106,703Q-81,703 -64.5,686.5Q-48,670 -48,647Q-48,624 -64.5,607.5Q-81,591 -104,591Q-129,591 -145.5,607.5Q-162,624 -162,647Q-162,670 -145.5,686.5Q-129,703 -106,703Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌்</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 508 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M508,495L508,432L403,432L403,11L240,-173L187,-123L326,33L326,432L149,432L149,0L73,0L73,495L508,495Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ர</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 531 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /><path transform="translate(301)" d="M207,796Q246,796 276,786.5Q306,777 325.5,761Q345,745 355,724.5Q365,704 365,682Q365,657 355.5,637Q346,617 330.5,603Q315,589 293.5,581.5Q272,574 248,574Q201,574 170,602Q139,630 139,673Q139,716 170,744Q127,736 100,701.5Q73,667 73,615Q73,573 93,538Q113,503 140,486L80,471Q63,479 48.5,494.5Q34,510 23.5,530Q13,550 7,572.5Q1,595 1,617Q1,661 18,694.5Q35,728 63.5,750.5Q92,773 129,784.5Q166,796 207,796ZM301,683Q301,710 282.5,726Q264,742 239,744Q221,736 209.5,719.5Q198,703 198,682Q198,658 213,644Q228,630 250,630Q271,630 286,643.5Q301,657 301,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ீ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB6 ஶ TAMIL LETTER SHA U+0BCD ◌் TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA U+0BB0 ர TAMIL LETTER RA U+0BC0 ◌ீ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1300 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M922,432L749,432L749,0L677,0L677,330Q676,351 670.5,370Q665,389 654.5,403.5Q644,418 628,426.5Q612,435 590,435Q549,435 529.5,409Q510,383 510,335L510,0L83,0L83,495L160,495L160,66L436,66L436,332Q436,377 447,408.5Q458,440 477.5,460.5Q497,481 524,490.5Q551,500 582,500Q612,500 639.5,483.5Q667,467 681,445L681,495L909,495Q888,518 875,550.5Q862,583 862,617Q862,661 879,694.5Q896,728 924.5,750.5Q953,773 990,784.5Q1027,796 1068,796Q1107,796 1137,786.5Q1167,777 1186.5,761Q1206,745 1216,724.5Q1226,704 1226,682Q1226,657 1216.5,637Q1207,617 1191.5,603Q1176,589 1154.5,581.5Q1133,574 1109,574Q1062,574 1031,602Q1000,630 1000,673Q1000,716 1031,744Q988,736 961,701.5Q934,667 934,615Q934,578 949.5,546Q965,514 988,495L1194,495L1194,432L996,432L996,264Q1010,285 1040.5,301.5Q1071,318 1112,318Q1184,318 1228,267Q1272,216 1272,127Q1272,33 1227.5,-53.5Q1183,-140 1092,-206Q1001,-272 862.5,-311.5Q724,-351 536,-351Q437,-351 352.5,-341.5Q268,-332 206,-311Q144,-290 108.5,-256Q73,-222 73,-172Q73,-112 122.5,-79.5Q172,-47 254,-47Q316,-47 365,-62Q414,-77 446,-95L419,-153Q387,-135 342.5,-122.5Q298,-110 252,-110Q205,-110 177,-126.5Q149,-143 149,-172Q149,-204 183,-225.5Q217,-247 272.5,-260.5Q328,-274 398.5,-280Q469,-286 542,-286Q706,-286 828.5,-252Q951,-218 1032.5,-161Q1114,-104 1154.5,-30Q1195,44 1195,123Q1195,183 1169,219.5Q1143,256 1091,256Q1059,256 1033,236.5Q1007,217 996,183L996,0L922,0L922,432ZM1162,683Q1162,710 1143.5,726Q1125,742 1100,744Q1082,736 1070.5,719.5Q1059,703 1059,682Q1059,658 1074,644Q1089,630 1111,630Q1132,630 1147,643.5Q1162,657 1162,683Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ஶ்ரீ</span></span></span></td> </tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73045" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73045" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligatures with aa in Traditional Tamil Orthography.</span></span> In traditional Tamil orthography, the vowel sign <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etfzv6">aa</i> <span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span> optionally ligates with <span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span>, or <span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 10386 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M178 738Q178 852 256 930Q334 1008 448 1008Q516 1008 573 975Q630 942 656 886Q684 942 750 975Q816 1008 902 1008Q1050 1008 1154 849Q1258 690 1258 468Q1258 172 1107 -37Q956 -246 742 -246H350Q268 -246 236 -328Q222 -362 222 -396Q222 -444 250 -492L152 -540Q128 -498 116 -460Q104 -422 104 -394Q104 -294 176 -221Q248 -148 350 -148H742Q904 -148 1020 32Q1136 212 1136 468Q1136 652 1071 781Q1006 910 914 910Q832 910 775 859Q718 808 718 738V0H594V738Q594 810 551 860Q508 910 448 910Q386 910 343 859Q300 808 300 738V0H178Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ற</span></span></span>, as illustrated in <a href="#G681005" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-25</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G681005" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G681005" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-25.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-11edlpo">Traditional Tamil Ligatures with <i>aa</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1315 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1129,379Q1095,379 1078,370L1059,360Q1139,278 1139,180Q1139,108 1116,61Q1085,-1 1020,-1Q957,-1 926,62Q902,110 902,180Q902,282 982,360Q955,383 892,383Q809,383 763,360Q843,278 843,180Q843,108 820,61Q789,-1 724,-1Q661,-1 630,62Q606,110 606,180Q606,282 686,360Q644,377 613,380Q598,382 536,382Q391,382 330,280L364,298Q382,304 408,304Q469,304 513.5,262Q558,220 558,160Q558,94 517.5,49Q477,4 412,4Q341,4 296.5,49.5Q252,95 252,166Q252,291 333,362Q410,430 536,430Q615,430 659,421Q709,399 724,395Q793,431 883,431Q966,431 1020,394Q1063,428 1125,428Q1221,428 1272,349Q1316,281 1316,180Q1316,72 1239,-24Q1172,-107 1066,-163Q927,-234 699,-234Q529,-234 394,-187Q228,-130 146,-12Q80,84 80,180Q80,261 118,337Q164,429 237,429L237,382Q190,382 157,300Q130,233 130,178Q130,76 211,-11Q279,-84 385,-130Q513,-186 697,-186Q853,-186 978,-143Q1131,-91 1208,18Q1268,103 1268,180Q1268,260 1239,313Q1202,379 1129,379ZM1020,48Q1089,48 1089,180Q1089,266 1021,329Q952,267 952,180Q952,48 1020,48ZM306,160Q306,116 338,85Q370,54 414,54Q455,54 480.5,86Q506,118 506,160Q506,200 476,227Q446,254 406,254Q366,254 336,227Q306,200 306,160ZM724,48Q793,48 793,180Q793,257 725,328Q656,269 656,180Q656,48 725,48L724,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19iooo1"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṇā</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1032 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1029,180Q1029,4 878,-112Q740,-218 558,-218Q375,-218 236,-112Q84,3 84,180Q84,315 205,430L240,397Q132,300 132,180Q132,27 273,-75Q400,-168 559,-168Q715,-168 843,-74Q983,29 983,180Q983,249 948,310Q907,381 842,381Q787,381 766,360Q847,277 847,180Q847,107 824,61Q794,-1 729,-1Q666,-1 635,62Q611,110 611,180Q611,290 692,359Q650,384 555,384Q396,384 335,280L369,298Q387,304 413,304Q474,304 518.5,262Q563,220 563,160Q563,94 522.5,49Q482,4 417,4Q346,4 301.5,49.5Q257,95 257,166Q257,296 343,366Q422,430 555,430Q678,430 731,390Q742,407 783,418Q817,427 844,427Q929,427 983,343Q1029,269 1029,180ZM729,48Q798,48 798,180Q798,268 728,326Q661,266 661,180Q661,48 729,48ZM311,160Q311,116 343,85Q375,54 419,54Q460,54 485.5,86Q511,118 511,160Q511,200 481,227Q451,254 411,254Q371,254 341,227Q311,200 311,160Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1wkqy9v"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṉā</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 10386 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M178 738Q178 852 256 930Q334 1008 448 1008Q516 1008 573 975Q630 942 656 886Q684 942 750 975Q816 1008 902 1008Q1050 1008 1154 849Q1258 690 1258 468Q1258 172 1107 -37Q956 -246 742 -246H350Q268 -246 236 -328Q222 -362 222 -396Q222 -444 250 -492L152 -540Q128 -498 116 -460Q104 -422 104 -394Q104 -294 176 -221Q248 -148 350 -148H742Q904 -148 1020 32Q1136 212 1136 468Q1136 652 1071 781Q1006 910 914 910Q832 910 775 859Q718 808 718 738V0H594V738Q594 810 551 860Q508 910 448 910Q386 910 343 859Q300 808 300 738V0H178Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ற</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="2771 -22528 18409 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11658) scale(9 -9)" d="M184 984H1058V886H774V0H652V886H308V0H184Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA U+0BBE ◌ா TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 820 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M782,-11Q782,-118 662,-175Q569,-219 449,-219Q288,-219 184,-120.5Q80,-22 80,138Q80,222 116,301.5Q152,381 216,430L243,390Q190,347 159,274Q130,206 130,134Q130,0 223,-86.5Q316,-173 451,-173Q551,-173 630,-140Q736,-96 736,-9Q736,30 683.5,90Q631,150 631,170Q631,206 667,237Q700,260 735,283Q770,306 770,328Q770,358 722,373Q687,384 650,384Q610,384 585,367Q556,347 556,309L556,0L504,0L504,317Q504,354 487.5,368Q471,382 431,382Q374,382 374,315L374,-1L322,-1L322,315Q322,367 351,398.5Q380,430 431,430Q496,430 529,384Q573,428 649,428Q713,428 756,407Q814,380 814,323Q814,284 780,254Q775,249 718,212Q684,190 684,170Q684,156 709,127Q746,84 757,68Q782,28 782,-11Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">றா</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ndsqex"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṟā</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>These ligations also affect the right-hand part of two-part vowels, as shown in <a href="#G75392" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-26</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G75392" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G75392" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-26.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-iaqxfv">Traditional Tamil Ligatures with <i>o</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7013 -22528 26766 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1839 321Q-1839 228 -1797.5 161Q-1756 94 -1697 94Q-1637 94 -1596 161Q-1555 228 -1555 321Q-1555 414 -1597 480.5Q-1639 547 -1697 547Q-1756 547 -1797.5 480.5Q-1839 414 -1839 321ZM-2231 762Q-2231 1108 -2069 1352.5Q-1907 1597 -1680 1597Q-1517 1597 -1402 1450Q-1287 1303 -1287 1096V23H-1377V1096Q-1377 1263 -1466 1382Q-1555 1501 -1680 1501Q-1875 1501 -2013 1284Q-2151 1067 -2151 762Q-2151 516 -2070 337Q-1989 158 -1866 129Q-1892 169 -1906 222Q-1920 275 -1920 333Q-1920 461 -1855 552Q-1790 643 -1697 643Q-1604 643 -1539 552Q-1474 461 -1474 333Q-1474 168 -1542 83.5Q-1610 -1 -1742 -1Q-1944 -1 -2087.5 222Q-2231 445 -2231 762ZM101 984H743V886H535V0H444V886H191V0H101Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2051 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M235,99L231,118L229,152L229,168Q229,238 287,287Q342,332 413,332Q486,332 533.5,286.5Q581,241 581,168Q581,90 519,40Q461,-8 382,-8Q231,-8 150,117Q81,224 81,383Q81,523 184,611Q281,694 423,694Q553,694 641,618Q734,537 734,409L734,0L685,0L685,406Q685,519 609,584Q537,645 422,645Q303,645 220,574Q132,499 132,382Q132,294 155,230Q179,162 235,99ZM529,169Q529,219 498,250Q467,281 417,281Q362,281 321,242.5Q280,204 281,150L282,89Q284,75 292,61Q318,43 387,43Q443,43 484,78Q529,115 529,169Z" /><path transform="translate(736)" d="M1129,379Q1095,379 1078,370L1059,360Q1139,278 1139,180Q1139,108 1116,61Q1085,-1 1020,-1Q957,-1 926,62Q902,110 902,180Q902,282 982,360Q955,383 892,383Q809,383 763,360Q843,278 843,180Q843,108 820,61Q789,-1 724,-1Q661,-1 630,62Q606,110 606,180Q606,282 686,360Q644,377 613,380Q598,382 536,382Q391,382 330,280L364,298Q382,304 408,304Q469,304 513.5,262Q558,220 558,160Q558,94 517.5,49Q477,4 412,4Q341,4 296.5,49.5Q252,95 252,166Q252,291 333,362Q410,430 536,430Q615,430 659,421Q709,399 724,395Q793,431 883,431Q966,431 1020,394Q1063,428 1125,428Q1221,428 1272,349Q1316,281 1316,180Q1316,72 1239,-24Q1172,-107 1066,-163Q927,-234 699,-234Q529,-234 394,-187Q228,-130 146,-12Q80,84 80,180Q80,261 118,337Q164,429 237,429L237,382Q190,382 157,300Q130,233 130,178Q130,76 211,-11Q279,-84 385,-130Q513,-186 697,-186Q853,-186 978,-143Q1131,-91 1208,18Q1268,103 1268,180Q1268,260 1239,313Q1202,379 1129,379ZM1020,48Q1089,48 1089,180Q1089,266 1021,329Q952,267 952,180Q952,48 1020,48ZM306,160Q306,116 338,85Q370,54 414,54Q455,54 480.5,86Q506,118 506,160Q506,200 476,227Q446,254 406,254Q366,254 336,227Q306,200 306,160ZM724,48Q793,48 793,180Q793,257 725,328Q656,269 656,180Q656,48 725,48L724,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-rw7r8j"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṇo</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7247 -22528 26964 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M83 984H739V886H527V0H434V886H175V0H83ZM-2257 813Q-2257 1146 -2077.5 1380.5Q-1898 1615 -1648 1615Q-1463 1615 -1332 1505Q-1201 1395 -1201 1240Q-1201 1123 -1267 1042.5Q-1333 962 -1426 962Q-1520 962 -1584 1042.5Q-1648 1123 -1648 1240Q-1648 1329 -1604 1405.5Q-1560 1482 -1485 1515Q-1513 1527 -1554 1533.5Q-1595 1540 -1648 1540Q-1858 1540 -2006 1326.5Q-2154 1113 -2154 813Q-2154 503 -2006 282Q-1858 61 -1648 61Q-1595 61 -1554.5 67Q-1514 73 -1485 85Q-1559 118 -1603.5 194.5Q-1648 271 -1648 360Q-1648 477 -1583.5 557.5Q-1519 638 -1426 638Q-1333 638 -1267 557.5Q-1201 477 -1201 360Q-1201 195 -1332 78Q-1463 -39 -1648 -39Q-1898 -39 -2077.5 209.5Q-2257 458 -2257 813ZM-1568 1240Q-1568 1166 -1526 1115Q-1484 1064 -1426 1064Q-1367 1064 -1326 1115Q-1285 1166 -1285 1240Q-1285 1323 -1326 1381.5Q-1367 1440 -1426 1440Q-1485 1440 -1526.5 1380.5Q-1568 1321 -1568 1240ZM-1568 360Q-1568 277 -1526 218.5Q-1484 160 -1426 160Q-1367 160 -1326 219.5Q-1285 279 -1285 360Q-1285 434 -1326 485Q-1367 536 -1426 536Q-1485 536 -1526.5 485Q-1568 434 -1568 360Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1921 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M376,55Q337,82 337,144Q337,214 371,259Q409,309 477,309Q537,309 571,273Q605,237 605,176Q605,95 554.5,48Q504,1 422,1Q275,1 177.5,101.5Q80,202 80,349Q80,498 178,600.5Q276,703 424,703Q505,703 556,656Q607,609 607,528Q607,468 572.5,431.5Q538,395 479,395Q411,395 373,445Q339,490 339,560Q339,621 378,649Q280,649 204,549Q133,457 133,356Q133,252 201,158Q275,55 376,55ZM560,525Q560,570 533,607Q503,648 460,648Q428,648 409,617Q393,591 393,557Q393,512 414,481Q438,444 480,444Q517,444 538.5,466Q560,488 560,525ZM478,260Q436,260 412,223Q391,192 391,147Q391,114 408,87Q427,56 458,56Q501,56 531,97Q558,134 558,179Q558,215 536,237.5Q514,260 478,260Z" /><path transform="translate(606)" d="M1129,379Q1095,379 1078,370L1059,360Q1139,278 1139,180Q1139,108 1116,61Q1085,-1 1020,-1Q957,-1 926,62Q902,110 902,180Q902,282 982,360Q955,383 892,383Q809,383 763,360Q843,278 843,180Q843,108 820,61Q789,-1 724,-1Q661,-1 630,62Q606,110 606,180Q606,282 686,360Q644,377 613,380Q598,382 536,382Q391,382 330,280L364,298Q382,304 408,304Q469,304 513.5,262Q558,220 558,160Q558,94 517.5,49Q477,4 412,4Q341,4 296.5,49.5Q252,95 252,166Q252,291 333,362Q410,430 536,430Q615,430 659,421Q709,399 724,395Q793,431 883,431Q966,431 1020,394Q1063,428 1125,428Q1221,428 1272,349Q1316,281 1316,180Q1316,72 1239,-24Q1172,-107 1066,-163Q927,-234 699,-234Q529,-234 394,-187Q228,-130 146,-12Q80,84 80,180Q80,261 118,337Q164,429 237,429L237,382Q190,382 157,300Q130,233 130,178Q130,76 211,-11Q279,-84 385,-130Q513,-186 697,-186Q853,-186 978,-143Q1131,-91 1208,18Q1268,103 1268,180Q1268,260 1239,313Q1202,379 1129,379ZM1020,48Q1089,48 1089,180Q1089,266 1021,329Q952,267 952,180Q952,48 1020,48ZM306,160Q306,116 338,85Q370,54 414,54Q455,54 480.5,86Q506,118 506,160Q506,200 476,227Q446,254 406,254Q366,254 336,227Q306,200 306,160ZM724,48Q793,48 793,180Q793,257 725,328Q656,269 656,180Q656,48 725,48L724,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1w65mwt"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṇō</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7013 -22528 26766 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1839 321Q-1839 228 -1797.5 161Q-1756 94 -1697 94Q-1637 94 -1596 161Q-1555 228 -1555 321Q-1555 414 -1597 480.5Q-1639 547 -1697 547Q-1756 547 -1797.5 480.5Q-1839 414 -1839 321ZM-2231 762Q-2231 1108 -2069 1352.5Q-1907 1597 -1680 1597Q-1517 1597 -1402 1450Q-1287 1303 -1287 1096V23H-1377V1096Q-1377 1263 -1466 1382Q-1555 1501 -1680 1501Q-1875 1501 -2013 1284Q-2151 1067 -2151 762Q-2151 516 -2070 337Q-1989 158 -1866 129Q-1892 169 -1906 222Q-1920 275 -1920 333Q-1920 461 -1855 552Q-1790 643 -1697 643Q-1604 643 -1539 552Q-1474 461 -1474 333Q-1474 168 -1542 83.5Q-1610 -1 -1742 -1Q-1944 -1 -2087.5 222Q-2231 445 -2231 762ZM101 984H743V886H535V0H444V886H191V0H101Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1768 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M235,99L231,118L229,152L229,168Q229,238 287,287Q342,332 413,332Q486,332 533.5,286.5Q581,241 581,168Q581,90 519,40Q461,-8 382,-8Q231,-8 150,117Q81,224 81,383Q81,523 184,611Q281,694 423,694Q553,694 641,618Q734,537 734,409L734,0L685,0L685,406Q685,519 609,584Q537,645 422,645Q303,645 220,574Q132,499 132,382Q132,294 155,230Q179,162 235,99ZM529,169Q529,219 498,250Q467,281 417,281Q362,281 321,242.5Q280,204 281,150L282,89Q284,75 292,61Q318,43 387,43Q443,43 484,78Q529,115 529,169Z" /><path transform="translate(736)" d="M1029,180Q1029,4 878,-112Q740,-218 558,-218Q375,-218 236,-112Q84,3 84,180Q84,315 205,430L240,397Q132,300 132,180Q132,27 273,-75Q400,-168 559,-168Q715,-168 843,-74Q983,29 983,180Q983,249 948,310Q907,381 842,381Q787,381 766,360Q847,277 847,180Q847,107 824,61Q794,-1 729,-1Q666,-1 635,62Q611,110 611,180Q611,290 692,359Q650,384 555,384Q396,384 335,280L369,298Q387,304 413,304Q474,304 518.5,262Q563,220 563,160Q563,94 522.5,49Q482,4 417,4Q346,4 301.5,49.5Q257,95 257,166Q257,296 343,366Q422,430 555,430Q678,430 731,390Q742,407 783,418Q817,427 844,427Q929,427 983,343Q1029,269 1029,180ZM729,48Q798,48 798,180Q798,268 728,326Q661,266 661,180Q661,48 729,48ZM311,160Q311,116 343,85Q375,54 419,54Q460,54 485.5,86Q511,118 511,160Q511,200 481,227Q451,254 411,254Q371,254 341,227Q311,200 311,160Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-oupe9t"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṉo</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7247 -22528 26964 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M83 984H739V886H527V0H434V886H175V0H83ZM-2257 813Q-2257 1146 -2077.5 1380.5Q-1898 1615 -1648 1615Q-1463 1615 -1332 1505Q-1201 1395 -1201 1240Q-1201 1123 -1267 1042.5Q-1333 962 -1426 962Q-1520 962 -1584 1042.5Q-1648 1123 -1648 1240Q-1648 1329 -1604 1405.5Q-1560 1482 -1485 1515Q-1513 1527 -1554 1533.5Q-1595 1540 -1648 1540Q-1858 1540 -2006 1326.5Q-2154 1113 -2154 813Q-2154 503 -2006 282Q-1858 61 -1648 61Q-1595 61 -1554.5 67Q-1514 73 -1485 85Q-1559 118 -1603.5 194.5Q-1648 271 -1648 360Q-1648 477 -1583.5 557.5Q-1519 638 -1426 638Q-1333 638 -1267 557.5Q-1201 477 -1201 360Q-1201 195 -1332 78Q-1463 -39 -1648 -39Q-1898 -39 -2077.5 209.5Q-2257 458 -2257 813ZM-1568 1240Q-1568 1166 -1526 1115Q-1484 1064 -1426 1064Q-1367 1064 -1326 1115Q-1285 1166 -1285 1240Q-1285 1323 -1326 1381.5Q-1367 1440 -1426 1440Q-1485 1440 -1526.5 1380.5Q-1568 1321 -1568 1240ZM-1568 360Q-1568 277 -1526 218.5Q-1484 160 -1426 160Q-1367 160 -1326 219.5Q-1285 279 -1285 360Q-1285 434 -1326 485Q-1367 536 -1426 536Q-1485 536 -1526.5 485Q-1568 434 -1568 360Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1638 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M376,55Q337,82 337,144Q337,214 371,259Q409,309 477,309Q537,309 571,273Q605,237 605,176Q605,95 554.5,48Q504,1 422,1Q275,1 177.5,101.5Q80,202 80,349Q80,498 178,600.5Q276,703 424,703Q505,703 556,656Q607,609 607,528Q607,468 572.5,431.5Q538,395 479,395Q411,395 373,445Q339,490 339,560Q339,621 378,649Q280,649 204,549Q133,457 133,356Q133,252 201,158Q275,55 376,55ZM560,525Q560,570 533,607Q503,648 460,648Q428,648 409,617Q393,591 393,557Q393,512 414,481Q438,444 480,444Q517,444 538.5,466Q560,488 560,525ZM478,260Q436,260 412,223Q391,192 391,147Q391,114 408,87Q427,56 458,56Q501,56 531,97Q558,134 558,179Q558,215 536,237.5Q514,260 478,260Z" /><path transform="translate(606)" d="M1029,180Q1029,4 878,-112Q740,-218 558,-218Q375,-218 236,-112Q84,3 84,180Q84,315 205,430L240,397Q132,300 132,180Q132,27 273,-75Q400,-168 559,-168Q715,-168 843,-74Q983,29 983,180Q983,249 948,310Q907,381 842,381Q787,381 766,360Q847,277 847,180Q847,107 824,61Q794,-1 729,-1Q666,-1 635,62Q611,110 611,180Q611,290 692,359Q650,384 555,384Q396,384 335,280L369,298Q387,304 413,304Q474,304 518.5,262Q563,220 563,160Q563,94 522.5,49Q482,4 417,4Q346,4 301.5,49.5Q257,95 257,166Q257,296 343,366Q422,430 555,430Q678,430 731,390Q742,407 783,418Q817,427 844,427Q929,427 983,343Q1029,269 1029,180ZM729,48Q798,48 798,180Q798,268 728,326Q661,266 661,180Q661,48 729,48ZM311,160Q311,116 343,85Q375,54 419,54Q460,54 485.5,86Q511,118 511,160Q511,200 481,227Q451,254 411,254Q371,254 341,227Q311,200 311,160Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-s331hj"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṉō</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 10386 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M178 738Q178 852 256 930Q334 1008 448 1008Q516 1008 573 975Q630 942 656 886Q684 942 750 975Q816 1008 902 1008Q1050 1008 1154 849Q1258 690 1258 468Q1258 172 1107 -37Q956 -246 742 -246H350Q268 -246 236 -328Q222 -362 222 -396Q222 -444 250 -492L152 -540Q128 -498 116 -460Q104 -422 104 -394Q104 -294 176 -221Q248 -148 350 -148H742Q904 -148 1020 32Q1136 212 1136 468Q1136 652 1071 781Q1006 910 914 910Q832 910 775 859Q718 808 718 738V0H594V738Q594 810 551 860Q508 910 448 910Q386 910 343 859Q300 808 300 738V0H178Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ற</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7013 -22528 26766 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M-1839 321Q-1839 228 -1797.5 161Q-1756 94 -1697 94Q-1637 94 -1596 161Q-1555 228 -1555 321Q-1555 414 -1597 480.5Q-1639 547 -1697 547Q-1756 547 -1797.5 480.5Q-1839 414 -1839 321ZM-2231 762Q-2231 1108 -2069 1352.5Q-1907 1597 -1680 1597Q-1517 1597 -1402 1450Q-1287 1303 -1287 1096V23H-1377V1096Q-1377 1263 -1466 1382Q-1555 1501 -1680 1501Q-1875 1501 -2013 1284Q-2151 1067 -2151 762Q-2151 516 -2070 337Q-1989 158 -1866 129Q-1892 169 -1906 222Q-1920 275 -1920 333Q-1920 461 -1855 552Q-1790 643 -1697 643Q-1604 643 -1539 552Q-1474 461 -1474 333Q-1474 168 -1542 83.5Q-1610 -1 -1742 -1Q-1944 -1 -2087.5 222Q-2231 445 -2231 762ZM101 984H743V886H535V0H444V886H191V0H101Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA U+0BCA ◌ொ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1556 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M235,99L231,118L229,152L229,168Q229,238 287,287Q342,332 413,332Q486,332 533.5,286.5Q581,241 581,168Q581,90 519,40Q461,-8 382,-8Q231,-8 150,117Q81,224 81,383Q81,523 184,611Q281,694 423,694Q553,694 641,618Q734,537 734,409L734,0L685,0L685,406Q685,519 609,584Q537,645 422,645Q303,645 220,574Q132,499 132,382Q132,294 155,230Q179,162 235,99ZM529,169Q529,219 498,250Q467,281 417,281Q362,281 321,242.5Q280,204 281,150L282,89Q284,75 292,61Q318,43 387,43Q443,43 484,78Q529,115 529,169Z" /><path transform="translate(736)" d="M782,-11Q782,-118 662,-175Q569,-219 449,-219Q288,-219 184,-120.5Q80,-22 80,138Q80,222 116,301.5Q152,381 216,430L243,390Q190,347 159,274Q130,206 130,134Q130,0 223,-86.5Q316,-173 451,-173Q551,-173 630,-140Q736,-96 736,-9Q736,30 683.5,90Q631,150 631,170Q631,206 667,237Q700,260 735,283Q770,306 770,328Q770,358 722,373Q687,384 650,384Q610,384 585,367Q556,347 556,309L556,0L504,0L504,317Q504,354 487.5,368Q471,382 431,382Q374,382 374,315L374,-1L322,-1L322,315Q322,367 351,398.5Q380,430 431,430Q496,430 529,384Q573,428 649,428Q713,428 756,407Q814,380 814,323Q814,284 780,254Q775,249 718,212Q684,190 684,170Q684,156 709,127Q746,84 757,68Q782,28 782,-11Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">றொ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1f3ui0b"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṟo</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 10386 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M178 738Q178 852 256 930Q334 1008 448 1008Q516 1008 573 975Q630 942 656 886Q684 942 750 975Q816 1008 902 1008Q1050 1008 1154 849Q1258 690 1258 468Q1258 172 1107 -37Q956 -246 742 -246H350Q268 -246 236 -328Q222 -362 222 -396Q222 -444 250 -492L152 -540Q128 -498 116 -460Q104 -422 104 -394Q104 -294 176 -221Q248 -148 350 -148H742Q904 -148 1020 32Q1136 212 1136 468Q1136 652 1071 781Q1006 910 914 910Q832 910 775 859Q718 808 718 738V0H594V738Q594 810 551 860Q508 910 448 910Q386 910 343 859Q300 808 300 738V0H178Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ற</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-7247 -22528 26964 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(13066) scale(9 -9)" d="M83 984H739V886H527V0H434V886H175V0H83ZM-2257 813Q-2257 1146 -2077.5 1380.5Q-1898 1615 -1648 1615Q-1463 1615 -1332 1505Q-1201 1395 -1201 1240Q-1201 1123 -1267 1042.5Q-1333 962 -1426 962Q-1520 962 -1584 1042.5Q-1648 1123 -1648 1240Q-1648 1329 -1604 1405.5Q-1560 1482 -1485 1515Q-1513 1527 -1554 1533.5Q-1595 1540 -1648 1540Q-1858 1540 -2006 1326.5Q-2154 1113 -2154 813Q-2154 503 -2006 282Q-1858 61 -1648 61Q-1595 61 -1554.5 67Q-1514 73 -1485 85Q-1559 118 -1603.5 194.5Q-1648 271 -1648 360Q-1648 477 -1583.5 557.5Q-1519 638 -1426 638Q-1333 638 -1267 557.5Q-1201 477 -1201 360Q-1201 195 -1332 78Q-1463 -39 -1648 -39Q-1898 -39 -2077.5 209.5Q-2257 458 -2257 813ZM-1568 1240Q-1568 1166 -1526 1115Q-1484 1064 -1426 1064Q-1367 1064 -1326 1115Q-1285 1166 -1285 1240Q-1285 1323 -1326 1381.5Q-1367 1440 -1426 1440Q-1485 1440 -1526.5 1380.5Q-1568 1321 -1568 1240ZM-1568 360Q-1568 277 -1526 218.5Q-1484 160 -1426 160Q-1367 160 -1326 219.5Q-1285 279 -1285 360Q-1285 434 -1326 485Q-1367 536 -1426 536Q-1485 536 -1526.5 485Q-1568 434 -1568 360Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB1 ற TAMIL LETTER RRA U+0BCB ◌ோ TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1426 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M376,55Q337,82 337,144Q337,214 371,259Q409,309 477,309Q537,309 571,273Q605,237 605,176Q605,95 554.5,48Q504,1 422,1Q275,1 177.5,101.5Q80,202 80,349Q80,498 178,600.5Q276,703 424,703Q505,703 556,656Q607,609 607,528Q607,468 572.5,431.5Q538,395 479,395Q411,395 373,445Q339,490 339,560Q339,621 378,649Q280,649 204,549Q133,457 133,356Q133,252 201,158Q275,55 376,55ZM560,525Q560,570 533,607Q503,648 460,648Q428,648 409,617Q393,591 393,557Q393,512 414,481Q438,444 480,444Q517,444 538.5,466Q560,488 560,525ZM478,260Q436,260 412,223Q391,192 391,147Q391,114 408,87Q427,56 458,56Q501,56 531,97Q558,134 558,179Q558,215 536,237.5Q514,260 478,260Z" /><path transform="translate(606)" d="M782,-11Q782,-118 662,-175Q569,-219 449,-219Q288,-219 184,-120.5Q80,-22 80,138Q80,222 116,301.5Q152,381 216,430L243,390Q190,347 159,274Q130,206 130,134Q130,0 223,-86.5Q316,-173 451,-173Q551,-173 630,-140Q736,-96 736,-9Q736,30 683.5,90Q631,150 631,170Q631,206 667,237Q700,260 735,283Q770,306 770,328Q770,358 722,373Q687,384 650,384Q610,384 585,367Q556,347 556,309L556,0L504,0L504,317Q504,354 487.5,368Q471,382 431,382Q374,382 374,315L374,-1L322,-1L322,315Q322,367 351,398.5Q380,430 431,430Q496,430 529,384Q573,428 649,428Q713,428 756,407Q814,380 814,323Q814,284 780,254Q775,249 718,212Q684,190 684,170Q684,156 709,127Q746,84 757,68Q782,28 782,-11Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">றோ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-9xqtr9"><i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1">ṟō</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73050" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73050" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Ligatures with ai in Traditional Tamil Orthography.</span></span> In traditional Tamil orthography, the left-side vowel sign <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ep1zdm">ai</i> <span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span> is also subject to a change in form. It is rendered as <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 364 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M239,45Q279,45 383,109Q487,173 482,193L482,128Q415,66 373,39Q305,-4 241,-4Q188,-4 146,31Q104,66 104,118Q104,182 175,253L308,386Q380,458 380,515Q380,560 347.5,587.5Q315,615 269,615Q301,585 301,527Q301,481 265.5,441Q230,401 185,401Q141,401 111,433.5Q81,466 81,511Q81,583 127.5,625.5Q174,668 246,668Q317,668 370,629Q428,585 428,517Q428,429 358,362L226,235Q155,167 155,117Q155,45 239,45ZM131,512Q131,448 183,448Q213,448 232.5,472.5Q252,497 252,527Q252,595 220,612Q180,612 155.5,582.5Q131,553 131,512Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span><span title=""><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 580 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M144,245Q123,245 123,265Q123,285 144,285Q164,285 164,265Q164,245 144,245ZM138,337Q138,357 158,357Q178,357 178,337Q178,316 159,316Q138,316 138,337ZM178,397Q178,418 198,418Q219,418 219,398Q219,378 198,378Q178,378 178,397ZM239,438Q239,459 259,459Q280,459 280,438Q280,418 259,418Q239,418 239,438ZM311,453Q311,473 331,473Q351,473 351,453Q351,432 331,432Q311,432 311,453ZM403,459Q423,459 423,438Q423,418 403,418Q382,418 382,438Q382,459 403,459ZM464,418Q484,418 484,398Q484,378 464,378Q443,378 443,398Q443,418 464,418ZM505,357Q525,357 525,337Q525,316 504,316Q484,316 484,337Q484,357 505,357ZM519,285Q539,285 539,265Q539,245 519,245Q498,245 498,265Q498,285 519,285ZM525,193Q525,173 504,173Q484,173 484,193Q484,214 504,214Q525,214 525,193ZM484,132Q484,112 464,112Q444,112 444,132Q444,153 464,153Q484,153 484,132ZM423,92Q423,72 403,72Q383,72 383,92Q383,113 403,113Q423,113 423,92ZM351,78Q351,57 331,57Q311,57 311,78Q311,98 331,98Q351,98 351,78ZM259,72Q239,72 239,92Q239,113 259,113Q280,113 280,93Q280,72 259,72ZM199,112Q178,112 178,132Q178,153 198,153Q219,153 219,132Q219,112 199,112ZM158,173Q138,173 138,193Q138,214 158,214Q178,214 178,193Q178,173 158,173Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"></span></span></span> when it occurs on the left side of <span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span>, <span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 13284 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 246Q378 174 421 124Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 124Q674 174 674 246Q674 318 631 368Q588 418 526 418Q464 418 421 368Q378 318 378 246ZM1460 540Q1460 672 1388 792Q1316 912 1190 984L1264 1058Q1412 972 1498 834Q1584 696 1584 540Q1584 306 1461 141Q1338 -24 1166 -24Q1052 -24 973 48Q894 120 894 222V712Q894 794 829 852Q764 910 674 910Q480 910 343 773Q206 636 206 442Q206 328 232 245Q258 162 304 122Q292 136 286 175Q280 214 280 270Q280 370 353 443Q426 516 526 516Q626 516 699 437Q772 358 772 246Q772 132 699 54Q626 -24 526 -24Q354 -24 231 112Q108 248 108 442Q108 676 274 842Q440 1008 674 1008Q816 1008 917 922Q1018 836 1018 712V222Q1018 160 1061 117Q1104 74 1166 74Q1288 74 1374 210Q1460 346 1460 540Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ல</span></span></span>, or <span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1026 -22528 15480 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M408 296Q408 214 451 156Q494 98 556 98Q618 98 661 156Q704 214 704 296Q704 368 661 418Q618 468 556 468Q494 468 451 417Q408 366 408 296ZM974 984H1834V886H1564V0H1440V886H1072V0H950V492Q950 664 841 787Q732 910 580 910Q428 910 320 781Q212 652 212 468Q212 374 250 290Q288 206 358 148Q334 190 322 228Q310 266 310 296Q310 410 382 488Q454 566 556 566Q656 566 729 487Q802 408 802 296Q802 164 716 70Q630 -24 506 -24Q344 -24 229 120Q114 264 114 468Q114 692 250 850Q386 1008 580 1008Q710 1008 816 955Q922 902 974 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ள</span></span></span>, as illustrated in <a href="#G686844" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-27</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G686844" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G686844" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-27.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1syv0t0">Traditional Tamil Ligatures with <i>ai</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 22356 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 270Q378 188 421 131Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 132Q674 190 674 270Q674 352 631 410Q588 468 526 468Q464 468 421 410Q378 352 378 270ZM968 394Q968 262 1004 168Q1040 74 1092 74Q1144 74 1179 167Q1214 260 1214 394Q1214 484 1182 569Q1150 654 1092 726Q1032 654 1000 569Q968 484 968 394ZM1558 394Q1558 262 1594 168Q1630 74 1682 74Q1734 74 1769 167Q1804 260 1804 394Q1804 490 1772 578Q1740 666 1682 738Q1622 666 1590 578Q1558 490 1558 394ZM108 418Q108 662 288 835Q468 1008 722 1008Q838 1008 933 980Q1028 952 1092 898Q1156 952 1232 980Q1308 1008 1386 1008Q1472 1008 1551 980Q1630 952 1694 898Q1744 940 1810 962Q1876 984 1952 984H2592V886H2296V0H2174V886H1952Q1908 886 1858 870Q1808 854 1756 824Q1840 726 1884 614Q1928 502 1928 394Q1928 222 1855 99Q1782 -24 1682 -24Q1582 -24 1509 99Q1436 222 1436 394Q1436 534 1478 647Q1520 760 1596 824Q1546 866 1492 888Q1438 910 1386 910Q1334 910 1278 884Q1222 858 1166 812Q1248 744 1293 634Q1338 524 1338 394Q1338 222 1265 99Q1192 -24 1092 -24Q992 -24 919 99Q846 222 846 394Q846 510 888 620Q930 730 1006 824Q956 866 884 888Q812 910 722 910Q508 910 357 766Q206 622 206 418Q206 308 242 218Q278 128 342 74Q312 126 296 176Q280 226 280 270Q280 392 353 479Q426 566 526 566Q626 566 699 480Q772 394 772 270Q772 148 686 62Q600 -24 476 -24Q324 -24 216 105Q108 234 108 418Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 364 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M239,45Q279,45 383,109Q487,173 482,193L482,128Q415,66 373,39Q305,-4 241,-4Q188,-4 146,31Q104,66 104,118Q104,182 175,253L308,386Q380,458 380,515Q380,560 347.5,587.5Q315,615 269,615Q301,585 301,527Q301,481 265.5,441Q230,401 185,401Q141,401 111,433.5Q81,466 81,511Q81,583 127.5,625.5Q174,668 246,668Q317,668 370,629Q428,585 428,517Q428,429 358,362L226,235Q155,167 155,117Q155,45 239,45ZM131,512Q131,448 183,448Q213,448 232.5,472.5Q252,497 252,527Q252,595 220,612Q180,612 155.5,582.5Q131,553 131,512Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணை</span></span></span><span title=""><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1212 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1209,430L1209,382L1102,382L1102,0L1048,0L1048,382L1039,382Q979,382 963,381Q920,377 891,360Q971,278 971,180Q971,108 948,61Q917,-1 852,-1Q789,-1 758,62Q734,110 734,180Q734,282 814,360Q787,383 724,383Q641,383 595,360Q675,278 675,180Q675,108 652,61Q621,-1 556,-1Q493,-1 462,62Q438,110 438,180Q438,282 518,360Q476,377 445,380Q430,382 368,382Q223,382 162,280L196,298Q214,304 240,304Q301,304 345.5,262Q390,220 390,160Q390,94 349.5,49Q309,4 244,4Q173,4 128.5,49.5Q84,95 84,166Q84,291 165,362Q242,430 368,430Q447,430 491,421Q541,399 556,395Q625,431 715,431Q803,431 852,397Q902,430 1009,430L1209,430ZM556,48Q625,48 625,180Q625,266 557,329Q488,267 488,180Q488,48 557,48L556,48ZM138,160Q138,116 170,85Q202,54 246,54Q287,54 312.5,86Q338,118 338,160Q338,200 308,227Q278,254 238,254Q198,254 168,227Q138,200 138,160ZM852,48Q921,48 921,180Q921,266 853,329Q784,267 784,180Q784,48 852,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"></span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-1v12nci"><i>ṇai</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="936 -22528 16812 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M374 270Q374 188 424 131Q474 74 546 74Q618 74 668 132Q718 190 718 270Q718 352 668 410Q618 468 546 468Q474 468 424 410Q374 352 374 270ZM1038 394Q1038 262 1073 168Q1108 74 1160 74Q1212 74 1248 167Q1284 260 1284 394Q1284 490 1252 578Q1220 666 1160 738Q1100 666 1069 578Q1038 490 1038 394ZM1456 984H1972V886H1776V0H1652V886H1456Q1392 886 1334 867Q1276 848 1234 812Q1316 744 1361 634Q1406 524 1406 394Q1406 222 1334 99Q1262 -24 1160 -24Q1060 -24 987 99Q914 222 914 394Q914 520 960 625Q1006 730 1086 800Q1022 854 934 882Q846 910 742 910Q518 910 360 766Q202 622 202 418Q202 340 228 276Q254 212 300 172Q288 194 282 219Q276 244 276 270Q276 392 354 479Q432 566 546 566Q660 566 738 480Q816 394 816 270Q816 148 737 62Q658 -24 546 -24Q362 -24 233 105Q104 234 104 418Q104 662 290 835Q476 1008 742 1008Q872 1008 981 976Q1090 944 1160 886Q1216 932 1293 958Q1370 984 1456 984Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ன</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 364 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M239,45Q279,45 383,109Q487,173 482,193L482,128Q415,66 373,39Q305,-4 241,-4Q188,-4 146,31Q104,66 104,118Q104,182 175,253L308,386Q380,458 380,515Q380,560 347.5,587.5Q315,615 269,615Q301,585 301,527Q301,481 265.5,441Q230,401 185,401Q141,401 111,433.5Q81,466 81,511Q81,583 127.5,625.5Q174,668 246,668Q317,668 370,629Q428,585 428,517Q428,429 358,362L226,235Q155,167 155,117Q155,45 239,45ZM131,512Q131,448 183,448Q213,448 232.5,472.5Q252,497 252,527Q252,595 220,612Q180,612 155.5,582.5Q131,553 131,512Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">னை</span></span></span><span title=""><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 940 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M361,384Q216,384 155,282L189,300Q207,306 233,306Q294,306 338.5,264Q383,222 383,162Q383,96 342.5,51Q302,6 237,6Q166,6 121.5,51.5Q77,97 77,168Q77,293 158,364Q235,432 361,432Q443,432 484,424Q535,402 550,399Q570,414 621,423Q662,430 697,430L935,430L935,382L827,382L827,0L773,0L773,382L679,382Q620,382 589,362Q669,280 669,182Q669,110 646,63Q615,1 550,1Q487,1 456,64Q432,112 432,182Q432,284 512,362Q469,379 439,382Q423,384 361,384ZM550,50Q619,50 619,182Q619,268 551,331Q482,269 482,182Q482,50 550,50ZM131,162Q131,118 163,87Q195,56 239,56Q280,56 305.5,88Q331,120 331,162Q331,202 301,229Q271,256 231,256Q191,256 161,229Q131,202 131,162Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"></span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-4j8zss"><i>ṉai</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 13284 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M378 246Q378 174 421 124Q464 74 526 74Q588 74 631 124Q674 174 674 246Q674 318 631 368Q588 418 526 418Q464 418 421 368Q378 318 378 246ZM1460 540Q1460 672 1388 792Q1316 912 1190 984L1264 1058Q1412 972 1498 834Q1584 696 1584 540Q1584 306 1461 141Q1338 -24 1166 -24Q1052 -24 973 48Q894 120 894 222V712Q894 794 829 852Q764 910 674 910Q480 910 343 773Q206 636 206 442Q206 328 232 245Q258 162 304 122Q292 136 286 175Q280 214 280 270Q280 370 353 443Q426 516 526 516Q626 516 699 437Q772 358 772 246Q772 132 699 54Q626 -24 526 -24Q354 -24 231 112Q108 248 108 442Q108 676 274 842Q440 1008 674 1008Q816 1008 917 922Q1018 836 1018 712V222Q1018 160 1061 117Q1104 74 1166 74Q1288 74 1374 210Q1460 346 1460 540Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ல</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB2 ல TAMIL LETTER LA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 364 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M239,45Q279,45 383,109Q487,173 482,193L482,128Q415,66 373,39Q305,-4 241,-4Q188,-4 146,31Q104,66 104,118Q104,182 175,253L308,386Q380,458 380,515Q380,560 347.5,587.5Q315,615 269,615Q301,585 301,527Q301,481 265.5,441Q230,401 185,401Q141,401 111,433.5Q81,466 81,511Q81,583 127.5,625.5Q174,668 246,668Q317,668 370,629Q428,585 428,517Q428,429 358,362L226,235Q155,167 155,117Q155,45 239,45ZM131,512Q131,448 183,448Q213,448 232.5,472.5Q252,497 252,527Q252,595 220,612Q180,612 155.5,582.5Q131,553 131,512Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">லை</span></span></span><span title=""><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 660 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M278,430Q457,430 457,193Q457,45 514,45Q560,45 587,103Q609,149 609,201Q609,264 597,294Q583,331 539,367L567,410Q620,359 640,317Q660,272 660,200Q660,126 627,68Q587,-2 519,-2Q406,-2 406,194Q406,381 279,381Q223,381 182,351Q136,318 136,264Q164,275 192,275Q254,275 293,228Q329,184 329,121Q329,75 297,39Q265,3 219,3Q150,3 112,59Q78,107 78,179Q78,430 278,430ZM192,227Q128,227 128,180Q128,45 220,45Q250,45 266,68Q281,88 281,119Q281,161 258,192Q232,227 192,227Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"></span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-1stfcnh"><i>lai</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1026 -22528 15480 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M408 296Q408 214 451 156Q494 98 556 98Q618 98 661 156Q704 214 704 296Q704 368 661 418Q618 468 556 468Q494 468 451 417Q408 366 408 296ZM974 984H1834V886H1564V0H1440V886H1072V0H950V492Q950 664 841 787Q732 910 580 910Q428 910 320 781Q212 652 212 468Q212 374 250 290Q288 206 358 148Q334 190 322 228Q310 266 310 296Q310 410 382 488Q454 566 556 566Q656 566 729 487Q802 408 802 296Q802 164 716 70Q630 -24 506 -24Q344 -24 229 120Q114 264 114 468Q114 692 250 850Q386 1008 580 1008Q710 1008 816 955Q922 902 974 812Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ள</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="-13881 -22528 26024 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(22.528 -22.528)" d="M144 245Q123 245 123 265Q123 285 144 285Q164 285 164 265Q164 245 144 245ZM138 337Q138 357 158 357Q178 357 178 337Q178 316 159 316Q138 316 138 337ZM178 397Q178 418 198 418Q219 418 219 398Q219 378 198 378Q178 378 178 397ZM239 438Q239 459 259 459Q280 459 280 438Q280 418 259 418Q239 418 239 438ZM311 453Q311 473 331 473Q351 473 351 453Q351 432 331 432Q311 432 311 453ZM403 459Q423 459 423 438Q423 418 403 418Q382 418 382 438Q382 459 403 459ZM464 418Q484 418 484 398Q484 378 464 378Q443 378 443 398Q443 418 464 418ZM505 357Q525 357 525 337Q525 316 504 316Q484 316 484 337Q484 357 505 357ZM519 285Q539 285 539 265Q539 245 519 245Q498 245 498 265Q498 285 519 285ZM525 193Q525 173 504 173Q484 173 484 193Q484 214 504 214Q525 214 525 193ZM484 132Q484 112 464 112Q444 112 444 132Q444 153 464 153Q484 153 484 132ZM423 92Q423 72 403 72Q383 72 383 92Q383 113 403 113Q423 113 423 92ZM351 78Q351 57 331 57Q311 57 311 78Q311 98 331 98Q351 98 351 78ZM259 72Q239 72 239 92Q239 113 259 113Q280 113 280 93Q280 72 259 72ZM199 112Q178 112 178 132Q178 153 198 153Q219 153 219 132Q219 112 199 112ZM158 173Q138 173 138 193Q138 214 158 214Q178 214 178 193Q178 173 158 173Z" /><path transform="translate(11436) scale(9 -9)" d="M-2543 270Q-2543 188 -2500 131Q-2457 74 -2395 74Q-2323 74 -2273 132Q-2223 190 -2223 270Q-2223 342 -2266 392Q-2309 442 -2371 442Q-2443 442 -2493 392Q-2543 342 -2543 270ZM-1915 394Q-1915 262 -1883 168Q-1851 74 -1805 74Q-1759 74 -1727 167Q-1695 260 -1695 394Q-1695 484 -1723 567Q-1751 650 -1805 712Q-1859 618 -1887 538Q-1915 458 -1915 394ZM-2813 394Q-2813 650 -2634 829Q-2455 1008 -2199 1008Q-2083 1008 -1986 970Q-1889 932 -1829 860Q-1769 932 -1686 970Q-1603 1008 -1511 1008Q-1339 1008 -1216 857Q-1093 706 -1093 492Q-1093 354 -1164 219Q-1235 84 -1363 -24L-1437 74Q-1333 134 -1274 245Q-1215 356 -1215 492Q-1215 664 -1301 787Q-1387 910 -1511 910Q-1561 910 -1623 878Q-1685 846 -1757 786Q-1675 718 -1629 615Q-1583 512 -1583 394Q-1583 222 -1649 99Q-1715 -24 -1805 -24Q-1895 -24 -1961 99Q-2027 222 -2027 394Q-2027 500 -1989 600Q-1951 700 -1879 786Q-1951 846 -2033 878Q-2115 910 -2199 910Q-2413 910 -2564 759Q-2715 608 -2715 394Q-2715 326 -2683 261Q-2651 196 -2593 148Q-2611 180 -2620 210Q-2629 240 -2629 270Q-2629 384 -2553 462Q-2477 540 -2371 540Q-2271 540 -2198 462Q-2125 384 -2125 270Q-2125 148 -2204 62Q-2283 -24 -2395 -24Q-2567 -24 -2690 99Q-2813 222 -2813 394Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0BB3 ள TAMIL LETTER LLA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 364 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M239,45Q279,45 383,109Q487,173 482,193L482,128Q415,66 373,39Q305,-4 241,-4Q188,-4 146,31Q104,66 104,118Q104,182 175,253L308,386Q380,458 380,515Q380,560 347.5,587.5Q315,615 269,615Q301,585 301,527Q301,481 265.5,441Q230,401 185,401Q141,401 111,433.5Q81,466 81,511Q81,583 127.5,625.5Q174,668 246,668Q317,668 370,629Q428,585 428,517Q428,429 358,362L226,235Q155,167 155,117Q155,45 239,45ZM131,512Q131,448 183,448Q213,448 232.5,472.5Q252,497 252,527Q252,595 220,612Q180,612 155.5,582.5Q131,553 131,512Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ளை</span></span></span><span title=""><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 734 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M306,428Q358,428 389,412Q417,398 453,357Q465,387 490.5,408.5Q516,430 545,430L734,430L734,382L673,382L673,-1L619,-1L619,382L559,382Q522,382 503,351Q487,325 487,285L487,-1L433,-1L433,285Q433,332 389,359Q352,381 303,381Q238,381 182,325Q141,284 132,213Q144,234 175,246Q202,256 230,256Q281,256 318.5,217.5Q356,179 356,127Q356,73 316.5,37Q277,1 223,1Q153,1 114,54Q80,101 80,174Q80,345 219,408Q263,428 306,428ZM142,130Q142,50 224,50Q257,50 281.5,73.5Q306,97 306,130Q306,163 281.5,186.5Q257,210 224,210Q191,210 166.5,186.5Q142,163 142,130Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"></span></span></span></td> <td class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-9xlfr6"><i>ḷai</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p>By contrast, in modern Tamil orthography, this vowel does not change its shape, as shown in <a href="#G75075" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-28</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G75075" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G75075" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-28.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1xagqdq">Vowel <i>ai</i> in Modern Tamil</span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table class="shaping svelte-1dkac1e" style="--vertical-align: middle; "><tr><td><span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1439 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M379,500Q442,500 499,480Q556,460 595,434Q637,465 689,482.5Q741,500 795,500Q847,500 895.5,483Q944,466 985,436Q1016,458 1067,476.5Q1118,495 1201,495L1448,495L1448,433L1332,433L1332,0L1258,0L1258,432L1178,432Q1126,432 1092.5,423.5Q1059,415 1035,399Q1055,379 1074,356Q1093,333 1107.5,305.5Q1122,278 1131,244Q1140,210 1140,170Q1140,86 1098,39.5Q1056,-7 984,-7Q915,-7 873,39.5Q831,86 831,169Q831,210 839.5,243.5Q848,277 862,304.5Q876,332 894.5,354.5Q913,377 934,397Q875,436 791,436Q704,436 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304Q738,276 746.5,243Q755,210 755,170Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 478,422Q436,436 371,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 194,381Q160,355 139,317.5Q118,280 115,234Q134,260 164.5,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,280 71.5,335Q99,390 145.5,427Q192,464 252.5,482Q313,500 379,500ZM1065,172Q1065,206 1057.5,235Q1050,264 1038,287.5Q1026,311 1011.5,329Q997,347 984,359Q970,347 956.5,329Q943,311 931.5,287.5Q920,264 913,235Q906,206 906,172Q906,120 926,89Q946,58 987,58Q1024,58 1044.5,89Q1065,120 1065,172ZM680,172Q680,205 672.5,234Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,235Q521,206 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q639,58 659.5,89Q680,120 680,172ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ண</span></span></span> + <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1582 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q608,445 625,456.5Q642,468 663.5,478Q685,488 711,494Q737,500 768,500Q822,500 866,481Q910,462 941.5,428.5Q973,395 990,348Q1007,301 1007,246Q1007,201 998.5,163Q990,125 976,93Q962,61 944.5,35Q927,9 910,-11L852,34Q865,50 879,71.5Q893,93 904.5,119.5Q916,146 923,178Q930,210 930,248Q930,289 918,323.5Q906,358 884,382.5Q862,407 831,420.5Q800,434 763,434Q727,434 698,423.5Q669,413 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 193.5,381Q159,355 138,317.5Q117,280 114,234Q133,260 164,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,234.5Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /><path transform="translate(1051)" d="M236,21Q236,33 244.5,42.5Q253,52 265,52Q277,52 286,42.5Q295,33 295,21Q295,9 286,0.5Q277,-8 265,-8Q253,-8 244.5,1Q236,10 236,21ZM236,473Q236,487 244,495Q252,503 265,503Q277,503 286,494.5Q295,486 295,473Q295,461 286,452.5Q277,444 265,444Q253,444 244.5,452.5Q236,461 236,473ZM10,247Q10,259 18.5,268Q27,277 39,277Q51,277 60,268Q69,259 69,247Q69,235 60,226.5Q51,218 39,218Q27,218 18.5,226.5Q10,235 10,247ZM461,247Q461,259 470,268Q479,277 491,277Q503,277 512,268Q521,259 521,247Q521,235 512,226.5Q503,218 491,218Q479,218 470,226.5Q461,235 461,247ZM85,398Q85,410 93.5,419Q102,428 114,428Q126,428 135,419Q144,410 144,398Q144,386 135,377.5Q126,369 114,369Q102,369 93.5,377.5Q85,386 85,398ZM85,96Q85,110 93,118Q101,126 114,126Q126,126 135,117.5Q144,109 144,96Q144,84 135,76Q126,68 114,68Q102,68 93.5,76Q85,84 85,96ZM387,96Q387,110 395,118Q403,126 416,126Q429,126 437,118Q445,110 445,96Q445,84 436.5,76Q428,68 416,68Q404,68 395.5,76Q387,84 387,96ZM387,398Q387,410 395.5,419Q404,428 416,428Q428,428 436.5,419Q445,410 445,398Q445,386 436.5,377.5Q428,369 416,369Q404,369 395.5,377.5Q387,386 387,398Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">◌ை</span></span></span> → <span title="U+0BA3 ண TAMIL LETTER NNA U+0BC8 ◌ை TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2495 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M381,500Q446,500 501,480.5Q556,461 595,435Q608,445 625,456.5Q642,468 663.5,478Q685,488 711,494Q737,500 768,500Q822,500 866,481Q910,462 941.5,428.5Q973,395 990,348Q1007,301 1007,246Q1007,201 998.5,163Q990,125 976,93Q962,61 944.5,35Q927,9 910,-11L852,34Q865,50 879,71.5Q893,93 904.5,119.5Q916,146 923,178Q930,210 930,248Q930,289 918,323.5Q906,358 884,382.5Q862,407 831,420.5Q800,434 763,434Q727,434 698,423.5Q669,413 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304.5Q738,277 746.5,244Q755,211 755,171Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 479,422Q438,436 372,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 193.5,381Q159,355 138,317.5Q117,280 114,234Q133,260 164,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,281 71.5,336Q99,391 145.5,427.5Q192,464 253,482Q314,500 381,500ZM680,173Q680,206 672.5,234.5Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,234.5Q521,205 521,171Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q640,58 660,89Q680,120 680,173ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /><path transform="translate(1056)" d="M379,500Q442,500 499,480Q556,460 595,434Q637,465 689,482.5Q741,500 795,500Q847,500 895.5,483Q944,466 985,436Q1016,458 1067,476.5Q1118,495 1201,495L1448,495L1448,433L1332,433L1332,0L1258,0L1258,432L1178,432Q1126,432 1092.5,423.5Q1059,415 1035,399Q1055,379 1074,356Q1093,333 1107.5,305.5Q1122,278 1131,244Q1140,210 1140,170Q1140,86 1098,39.5Q1056,-7 984,-7Q915,-7 873,39.5Q831,86 831,169Q831,210 839.5,243.5Q848,277 862,304.5Q876,332 894.5,354.5Q913,377 934,397Q875,436 791,436Q704,436 649,397Q670,377 689,354.5Q708,332 723,304Q738,276 746.5,243Q755,210 755,170Q755,86 713,39.5Q671,-7 599,-7Q530,-7 488,39.5Q446,86 446,169Q446,248 475.5,301.5Q505,355 545,394Q520,408 478,422Q436,436 371,436Q319,436 273.5,421.5Q228,407 194,381Q160,355 139,317.5Q118,280 115,234Q134,260 164.5,276.5Q195,293 232,293Q264,293 291,282Q318,271 337.5,251.5Q357,232 368,205Q379,178 379,147Q379,112 367,84Q355,56 334,35.5Q313,15 283.5,4Q254,-7 219,-7Q180,-7 148,8Q116,23 93,50.5Q70,78 57,117.5Q44,157 44,207Q44,280 71.5,335Q99,390 145.5,427Q192,464 252.5,482Q313,500 379,500ZM1065,172Q1065,206 1057.5,235Q1050,264 1038,287.5Q1026,311 1011.5,329Q997,347 984,359Q970,347 956.5,329Q943,311 931.5,287.5Q920,264 913,235Q906,206 906,172Q906,120 926,89Q946,58 987,58Q1024,58 1044.5,89Q1065,120 1065,172ZM680,172Q680,205 672.5,234Q665,263 653,287Q641,311 626.5,329Q612,347 598,359Q584,347 570.5,329Q557,311 546,287.5Q535,264 528,235Q521,206 521,172Q521,120 541,89Q561,58 602,58Q639,58 659.5,89Q680,120 680,172ZM217,230Q198,230 182.5,223.5Q167,217 154,206Q141,195 132,181.5Q123,168 117,153Q126,105 155,80.5Q184,56 219,56Q258,56 281.5,81Q305,106 305,144Q305,182 282,206Q259,230 217,230Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ணை</span></span></span> <i class="annotation svelte-mlc6w1" data-svelte-h="svelte-do0q4d">ṇai</i></td></tr> </table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G73055" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G73055" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Tamil aytham.</span></span> The character <span title="U+0B83 ஃ TAMIL SIGN VISARGA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B83 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL SIGN VISARGA</span></span> is normally called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1b8k8ik">aytham</i> in Tamil. It is historically related to the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1hkd7ib">visarga</i> in other Indic scripts, but has become an ordinary spacing letter in Tamil. The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1b8k8ik">aytham</i> occurs in native Tamil words, but is frequently used as a modifying prefix before consonants used to represent foreign sounds. In particular, it is used in the spelling of words borrowed into Tamil from English or other languages.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G81900" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G81900" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Tamil are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G701340" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701340" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Numbers.</span></span> Modern Tamil decimal digits are encoded at U+0BE6..U+0BEF. Note that some digits are confusable with letters, as shown in <a href="#G734367" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-28</a>. In some Tamil fonts, the digits for two and eight look exactly like the letters <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14la04t">a</i>, respectively. In other fonts, as shown here, the shapes for the digits two and eight are adjusted to minimize confusability.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G734367" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G734367" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-28.</span> Confusable Tamil Digits</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0BE7 ௧ TAMIL DIGIT ONE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BE7 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1098 -22528 10404 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M492 540H738V886H492ZM246 320Q246 220 325 147Q404 74 516 74Q606 74 672 132Q738 190 738 270V442H368Q316 442 281 407Q246 372 246 320ZM368 984H1130V886H860V540H1008Q1122 540 1200 462Q1278 384 1278 270Q1278 148 1206 62Q1134 -24 1032 -24Q1004 -24 974 -18Q944 -12 910 0L934 98Q956 86 981 80Q1006 74 1032 74Q1084 74 1120 132Q1156 190 1156 270Q1156 342 1113 392Q1070 442 1008 442H860V270Q860 148 759 62Q658 -24 516 -24Q354 -24 238 77Q122 178 122 320Q122 410 195 475Q268 540 368 540Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">௧</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL DIGIT ONE</span></span></td> <td><span title="U+0B95 க TAMIL LETTER KA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B95 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="612 -22528 10404 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M438 540H684V886H438ZM192 320Q192 220 271 147Q350 74 462 74Q552 74 618 132Q684 190 684 270V442H314Q262 442 227 407Q192 372 192 320ZM314 984H1176V886H806V540H954Q1068 540 1146 462Q1224 384 1224 270Q1224 148 1152 62Q1080 -24 978 -24Q950 -24 920 -18Q890 -12 856 0L880 98Q902 86 927 80Q952 74 978 74Q1030 74 1066 132Q1102 190 1102 270Q1102 342 1059 392Q1016 442 954 442H806V270Q806 148 705 62Q604 -24 462 -24Q300 -24 184 77Q68 178 68 320Q68 410 141 475Q214 540 314 540Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">க</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER KA</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BE8 ௨ TAMIL DIGIT TWO" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BE8 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1098 -22528 10854 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M222 688Q222 636 257 601Q292 566 344 566Q396 566 432 601Q468 636 468 688Q468 750 432 793Q396 836 344 836Q292 836 257 793Q222 750 222 688ZM122 712Q122 834 245 921Q368 1008 540 1008Q744 1008 888 892Q1032 776 1032 614Q1032 462 909 354Q786 246 614 246H344Q302 246 274 224Q246 202 246 172Q246 142 274 120Q302 98 344 98H1328V0H344Q254 0 188 50Q122 100 122 172Q122 244 188 294Q254 344 344 344H614Q736 344 823 423Q910 502 910 614Q910 736 802 823Q694 910 540 910H394Q472 882 519 821Q566 760 566 688Q566 598 501 533Q436 468 344 468Q254 468 188 540Q122 612 122 712Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">௨</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL DIGIT TWO</span></span></td> <td><span title="U+0B89 உ TAMIL LETTER U" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B89 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1062 -22528 15498 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M216 688Q216 636 252 601Q288 566 340 566Q392 566 427 601Q462 636 462 688Q462 750 426 793Q390 836 340 836Q288 836 252 793Q216 750 216 688ZM118 712Q118 834 241 921Q364 1008 536 1008Q740 1008 884 892Q1028 776 1028 614Q1028 462 905 354Q782 246 610 246H340Q298 246 269 224Q240 202 240 172Q240 142 269 120Q298 98 340 98H1840V0H340Q250 0 184 50Q118 100 118 172Q118 244 183 294Q248 344 340 344H610Q732 344 818 423Q904 502 904 614Q904 736 796 823Q688 910 536 910H388Q466 882 513 821Q560 760 560 688Q560 598 495 533Q430 468 340 468Q250 468 184 540Q118 612 118 712Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">உ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER U</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BED ௭ TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BED <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1098 -22528 13158 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M442 270Q442 188 485 131Q528 74 590 74Q652 74 695 132Q738 190 738 270Q738 342 695 392Q652 442 590 442Q528 442 485 392Q442 342 442 270ZM1130 886H640Q468 886 345 756Q222 626 222 442Q222 334 274 242Q326 150 418 98Q382 140 363 184Q344 228 344 270Q344 384 417 462Q490 540 590 540Q704 540 782 462Q860 384 860 270Q860 148 767 62Q674 -24 540 -24Q368 -24 245 112Q122 248 122 442Q122 666 274 825Q426 984 640 984H1584V886H1254V0H1130Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">௭</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN</span></span></td> <td><span title="U+0B8E எ TAMIL LETTER E" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B8E <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="972 -22528 13284 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M428 270Q428 188 471 131Q514 74 576 74Q638 74 680 132Q722 190 722 270Q722 342 679 392Q636 442 576 442Q514 442 471 392Q428 342 428 270ZM1116 886H624Q452 886 329 756Q206 626 206 442Q206 334 259 242Q312 150 404 98Q368 140 349 184Q330 228 330 270Q330 384 402 462Q474 540 576 540Q690 540 768 462Q846 384 846 270Q846 148 752 62Q658 -24 526 -24Q354 -24 231 112Q108 248 108 442Q108 666 259 825Q410 984 624 984H1584V886H1240V0H1116Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">எ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER E</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0BEE ௮ TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BEE <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="1098 -22528 18360 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M1316 828Q1260 760 1260 638V614Q1260 496 1326 378H1224Q1156 448 1144 630V656Q1144 784 1218 892Q1300 1010 1502 1010Q1678 1010 1772 904Q1854 808 1854 618Q1854 594 1852 568Q1844 434 1818 370H2040V986H2162V-244H2040V272H1794Q1720 72 1501 -49Q1282 -170 994 -170Q804 -170 620 -120Q436 -70 270 26Q202 66 162 119Q122 172 122 224Q122 286 172 328Q222 370 294 370H1696Q1736 456 1736 558V568Q1740 594 1740 620Q1740 692 1716 774Q1684 884 1502 904Q1376 900 1316 828ZM294 150Q400 44 579 -14Q758 -72 982 -72Q1236 -72 1425 23Q1614 118 1670 272H294Q274 272 259 257Q244 242 244 224Q244 212 257 193Q270 174 294 150Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">௮</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT</span></span></td> <td><span title="U+0B85 அ TAMIL LETTER A" class="svelte-wim892">U+0B85 <span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="468 -22528 18360 22528" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><path transform="scale(9 -9)" d="M52 222Q52 284 102 326Q152 368 224 368H1626Q1638 402 1644 439Q1650 476 1650 516Q1650 658 1549 770Q1448 882 1294 910Q1336 876 1358 824Q1380 772 1380 712Q1380 612 1301 540Q1222 468 1108 468Q1008 468 935 546Q862 624 862 738Q862 852 963 930Q1064 1008 1208 1008Q1442 1008 1607 864Q1772 720 1772 516Q1772 476 1766 440Q1760 404 1748 368H1970V984H2092V-246H1970V270H1724Q1650 70 1431 -51Q1212 -172 924 -172Q734 -172 550 -122Q366 -72 200 24Q132 64 92 117Q52 170 52 222ZM962 712Q962 650 1008 608Q1054 566 1122 566Q1188 566 1234 609Q1280 652 1280 712Q1280 784 1234 835Q1188 886 1122 886Q1056 886 1009 835Q962 784 962 712ZM174 222Q174 210 187 191Q200 172 224 148Q330 42 509 -16Q688 -74 912 -74Q1166 -74 1355 21Q1544 116 1600 270H224Q204 270 189 255Q174 240 174 222Z" /></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">அ</span></span> <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER A</span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-jdhla9">Tamil also has distinct numerals for ten, one hundred, and one thousand at U+0BF0..U+0BF2 used for historical numbers.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G706808" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706808" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Use of Nukta.</span></span> In addition to Tamil, several other languages of southern India are written using the Tamil script. For example, Irula is written with the Tamil script. Some of these languages contain sounds distinct from those normally written for the Tamil language. In such cases, the writing systems of these languages apply diacritic nukta marks to Tamil letters to represent their distinct sounds. For example, Irula uses a double dot nukta below represented with <span title="U+1133C ◌𑌼 GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+1133C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA</span></span>, and Badaga uses a single dot nukta represented by <span title="U+1133B ◌𑌻 COMBINING BINDU BELOW" class="svelte-wim892">U+1133B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">COMBINING BINDU BELOW</span></span> for some sounds.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G736036" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G736036" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6.4 Tamil Supplement: U+11FC0–U+11FFF</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-lovaux">The Tamil Supplement block contains a set of fractions in the range U+11FC0..U+11FD4 used for generic measurement and calculations and for money. The block also includes symbols indicating various forms of measurement, old units of currency, agricultural and clerical signs, and other miscellaneous abbreviations. Most characters in this block are no longer in use, but a few appear in traditional contexts, such as on marriage invitations printed in a traditional format.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G82005" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G82005" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.6.5 Tamil Named Character Sequences</span> </h3> <p>Tamil is less complex than some of the other Indic scripts, and both conceptually and in processing can be treated as an atomic set of elements: consonants, stand-alone vowels, and syllables. <a href="#G664412" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-29</a> shows these atomic elements, with the corresponding Unicode characters or sequences. In cases where the atomic elements for Tamil correspond to sequences of Unicode characters, those sequences have been added to the approved list of Unicode named character sequences. See NamedSequences.txt in the Unicode Character Database for details.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-14353e">In implementations such as natural language processing, where it may be useful to treat such Tamil text elements as single code points for ease of processing, Tamil named character sequences could be mapped to code points in a contiguous segment of the Private Use Area.</p> <p>In <a href="#G664412" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-29</a>, the first row shows the transliterated representation of the Tamil vowels in abbreviated form, while the first column shows the transliterated representation of the Tamil consonants. Those row and column labels, together with identifying strings such as “<span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL SYLLABLE</span>” or “<span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL CONSONANT</span>” are concatenated to form formal names for these sequences. For example, the sequence shown in the table in the K row and the AA column, with the sequence <0B95, 0BBE>, gets the associated name <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL SYLLABLE KAA</span>. The sequence shown in the table in the K row in the first column, with the sequence <0B95, 0BCD>, gets the associated name <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL CONSONANT K</span>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-pm7axs">Details on the complete names for each element can be found in NamedSequences.txt.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G664412" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664412" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-29.</span> Tamil Vowels, Consonants, and Syllables</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/AA-TamilTable-Part1.svg" alt="" style="width: 35.40em;"> <img src="../figures/AA-TamilTable-Part2.svg" alt="" style="width: 35.40em;"></div> </figure> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G81985" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G81985" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.7 Telugu</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11137" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11137" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.7.1 Telugu: U+0C00–U+0C7F</span> </h3> <p>The Telugu script is a South Indian script used to write the Telugu language of the Andhra Pradesh state in India as well as minority languages such as Gondi (Adilabad and Koi dialects) and Lambadi. The script is also used in Maharashtra, Odisha (Orissa), Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal. The Telugu script became distinct by the thirteenth century <span class="svelte-qd2acw">CE</span> and shares ancestors with the Kannada script.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G688716" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G688716" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowels.</span></span> Telugu vowel letters and vowel signs are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G699614" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-30</a> shows the letters and signs that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G699614" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G699614" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-30.</span> Telugu Vowels</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C13 ఓ TELUGU LETTER OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 718 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M83,144Q83,188 114.5,226.5Q146,265 198,283Q241,299 267,321.5Q293,344 293,366Q293,388 271.5,403.5Q250,419 221,419Q191,419 170,403.5Q149,388 149,366Q149,353 152,343Q155,333 161,328L114,301Q100,311 91.5,328.5Q83,346 83,366Q83,405 111,435.5Q139,466 182,474L184,478Q162,497 149.5,522.5Q137,548 137,575Q137,618 175,649Q213,680 267,680Q306,680 339.5,654.5Q373,629 388,586L331,562Q317,586 299.5,600Q282,614 267,614Q240,614 221,598.5Q202,583 202,562Q202,543 214,522.5Q226,502 250,482Q294,482 326,448Q358,414 358,366Q358,326 327,290.5Q296,255 246,237Q202,221 175.5,195.5Q149,170 149,144Q149,111 172,88.5Q195,66 228,66Q273,66 304,104Q335,142 335,196L382,196Q382,142 413.5,104Q445,66 489,66Q522,66 545,88.5Q568,111 568,144Q568,165 563,184.5Q558,204 547,222L615,222Q624,206 628.5,186.5Q633,167 633,144Q633,84 591,42Q549,0 489,0Q442,0 406.5,20Q371,40 362,72L353,70Q342,38 308,19Q274,0 228,0Q168,0 125.5,42Q83,84 83,144L83,144Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ఓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1xdsrtn">0C13</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-kbh0se"><0C12, 0C55></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C14 ఔ TELUGU LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 922 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M151,144Q151,183 183,218.5Q215,254 268,274Q309,289 334.5,314Q360,339 360,366Q360,388 341,403.5Q322,419 295,419Q263,419 240,403.5Q217,388 217,366Q217,358 223.5,346.5Q230,335 242,321L196,287Q177,306 167,326Q157,346 157,366Q157,394 173.5,415.5Q190,437 215,442L215,447L192,445L171,445L171,510L334,510Q351,510 362.5,523.5Q374,537 374,556Q374,574 362,587.5Q350,601 333,601L85,601L85,666L700,666Q760,666 802,628Q844,590 844,536Q844,488 810,453.5Q776,419 728,419Q679,419 644,453.5Q609,488 609,536Q609,553 615.5,569.5Q622,586 635,601L633,606L592,601L425,601Q432,593 435.5,581.5Q439,570 439,556Q439,520 414.5,492.5Q390,465 353,458L353,454Q384,449 404.5,425Q425,401 425,369Q425,328 394,291.5Q363,255 312,237Q269,221 243,195.5Q217,170 217,144Q217,111 240,88.5Q263,66 295,66Q340,66 371,104Q402,142 402,196L450,196Q450,142 481,104Q512,66 557,66Q589,66 612,88.5Q635,111 635,144Q635,165 629.5,185Q624,205 615,222L683,222Q692,206 696,186.5Q700,167 700,144Q700,84 658,42Q616,0 557,0Q516,0 481.5,19Q447,38 428,70L421,70Q403,38 369,19Q335,0 295,0Q235,0 193,42Q151,84 151,144L151,144ZM660,536Q660,509 680,489.5Q700,470 728,470Q755,470 773.5,489.5Q792,509 792,536Q792,563 773.5,582Q755,601 728,601Q700,601 680,582Q660,563 660,536L660,536Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ఔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1np3hem">0C14</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-g5bra5"><0C12, 0C4C></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C40 ◌ీ TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 528 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M240,368Q240,378 247.5,385Q255,392 265,392Q275,392 282.5,385Q290,378 290,368Q290,358 282.5,350.5Q275,343 265,343Q255,343 247.5,350.5Q240,358 240,368L240,368ZM240,49Q240,59 247.5,66.5Q255,74 265,74Q275,74 282.5,66.5Q290,59 290,49Q290,39 282.5,32Q275,25 265,25Q255,25 247.5,32Q240,39 240,49L240,49ZM82,208Q82,218 89,225.5Q96,233 106,233Q116,233 123,225.5Q130,218 130,208Q130,198 123,191Q116,184 106,184Q96,184 89,191Q82,198 82,208L82,208ZM400,208Q400,218 407,225.5Q414,233 424,233Q434,233 441,225.5Q448,218 448,208Q448,198 441,191Q434,184 424,184Q414,184 407,191Q400,198 400,208L400,208ZM103,129Q103,139 110.5,146Q118,153 128,153Q138,153 145,146Q152,139 152,129Q152,119 145,111.5Q138,104 128,104Q118,104 110.5,111.5Q103,119 103,129L103,129ZM378,288Q378,298 385.5,305Q393,312 403,312Q413,312 420.5,305Q428,298 428,288Q428,278 420.5,271Q413,264 403,264Q393,264 385.5,271Q378,278 378,288L378,288ZM320,346Q320,356 327,363.5Q334,371 344,371Q354,371 361.5,363.5Q369,356 369,346Q369,336 361.5,329Q354,322 344,322Q334,322 327,329Q320,336 320,346L320,346ZM161,71Q161,81 168.5,88.5Q176,96 186,96Q196,96 203,88.5Q210,81 210,71Q210,61 203,53.5Q196,46 186,46Q176,46 168.5,53.5Q161,61 161,71L161,71ZM103,288Q103,298 110.5,305Q118,312 128,312Q138,312 145,305Q152,298 152,288Q152,278 145,271Q138,264 128,264Q118,264 110.5,271Q103,278 103,288L103,288ZM378,129Q378,139 385.5,146Q393,153 403,153Q413,153 420.5,146Q428,139 428,129Q428,119 420.5,111.5Q413,104 403,104Q393,104 385.5,111.5Q378,119 378,129L378,129ZM161,346Q161,356 168.5,363.5Q176,371 186,371Q196,371 203,363.5Q210,356 210,346Q210,336 203,329Q196,322 186,322Q176,322 168.5,329Q161,336 161,346L161,346ZM320,71Q320,81 327,88.5Q334,96 344,96Q354,96 361.5,88.5Q369,81 369,71Q369,61 361.5,53.5Q354,46 344,46Q334,46 327,53.5Q320,61 320,71L320,71ZM157,528Q177,513 205,504.5Q233,496 267,496Q312,496 344,523Q376,550 376,589L371,594Q354,576 327,566Q300,556 267,556Q204,556 159.5,587Q115,618 115,661Q115,687 134,709.5Q153,732 184,741L184,746Q160,754 145.5,773.5Q131,793 131,818Q131,861 171,891.5Q211,922 267,922Q329,922 372,886.5Q415,851 410,804L339,804Q339,831 317.5,850Q296,869 267,869Q239,869 219,854Q199,839 199,818Q199,799 219.5,783.5Q240,768 270,764Q342,754 389.5,709.5Q437,665 437,608Q437,538 387,488Q337,438 267,438Q234,438 198.5,446Q163,454 126,470L157,528L157,528ZM181,661Q181,639 206.5,624.5Q232,610 267,610Q299,610 321.5,624.5Q344,639 344,661Q344,682 321.5,697.5Q299,713 267,713Q232,713 206.5,697.5Q181,682 181,661L181,661Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ీ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-jsfzdv">0C40</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-w01k6o"><0C3F, 0C55></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C47 ◌ే TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 660 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M354,368Q354,378 361.5,385Q369,392 379,392Q389,392 396.5,385Q404,378 404,368Q404,358 396.5,350.5Q389,343 379,343Q369,343 361.5,350.5Q354,358 354,368L354,368ZM354,49Q354,59 361.5,66.5Q369,74 379,74Q389,74 396.5,66.5Q404,59 404,49Q404,39 396.5,32Q389,25 379,25Q369,25 361.5,32Q354,39 354,49L354,49ZM196,208Q196,218 203,225.5Q210,233 220,233Q230,233 237,225.5Q244,218 244,208Q244,198 237,191Q230,184 220,184Q210,184 203,191Q196,198 196,208L196,208ZM514,208Q514,218 521,225.5Q528,233 538,233Q548,233 555,225.5Q562,218 562,208Q562,198 555,191Q548,184 538,184Q528,184 521,191Q514,198 514,208L514,208ZM217,129Q217,139 224.5,146Q232,153 242,153Q252,153 259,146Q266,139 266,129Q266,119 259,111.5Q252,104 242,104Q232,104 224.5,111.5Q217,119 217,129L217,129ZM492,288Q492,298 499.5,305Q507,312 517,312Q527,312 534.5,305Q542,298 542,288Q542,278 534.5,271Q527,264 517,264Q507,264 499.5,271Q492,278 492,288L492,288ZM434,346Q434,356 441,363.5Q448,371 458,371Q468,371 475.5,363.5Q483,356 483,346Q483,336 475.5,329Q468,322 458,322Q448,322 441,329Q434,336 434,346L434,346ZM275,71Q275,81 282.5,88.5Q290,96 300,96Q310,96 317,88.5Q324,81 324,71Q324,61 317,53.5Q310,46 300,46Q290,46 282.5,53.5Q275,61 275,71L275,71ZM217,288Q217,298 224.5,305Q232,312 242,312Q252,312 259,305Q266,298 266,288Q266,278 259,271Q252,264 242,264Q232,264 224.5,271Q217,278 217,288L217,288ZM492,129Q492,139 499.5,146Q507,153 517,153Q527,153 534.5,146Q542,139 542,129Q542,119 534.5,111.5Q527,104 517,104Q507,104 499.5,111.5Q492,119 492,129L492,129ZM275,346Q275,356 282.5,363.5Q290,371 300,371Q310,371 317,363.5Q324,356 324,346Q324,336 317,329Q310,322 300,322Q290,322 282.5,329Q275,336 275,346L275,346ZM434,71Q434,81 441,88.5Q448,96 458,96Q468,96 475.5,88.5Q483,81 483,71Q483,61 475.5,53.5Q468,46 458,46Q448,46 441,53.5Q434,61 434,71L434,71ZM80,657L353,657L388,653L391,657Q379,669 372,684.5Q365,700 365,717Q365,758 395.5,786Q426,814 468,814Q514,814 546.5,779.5Q579,745 579,696L526,696Q526,723 511,742.5Q496,762 476,762Q454,762 439,746.5Q424,731 424,710Q424,695 439.5,680.5Q455,666 480,657Q522,642 547.5,611.5Q573,581 573,546Q573,500 539.5,467.5Q506,435 459,435L260,435L260,501L468,501Q484,501 496,514Q508,527 508,546Q508,565 496,578Q484,591 467,591L80,591L80,657L80,657Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ే</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-x6fsqm">0C47</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-x71gir"><0C46, 0C55></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C4B ◌ో TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 939 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M622,562Q622,582 627.5,599Q633,616 643,628L640,632L601,628L556,628Q514,628 483.5,608.5Q453,589 453,562L391,562Q391,589 356.5,608.5Q322,628 273,628Q220,628 183,607Q146,586 146,555Q146,528 169.5,509Q193,490 226,490L294,490L294,435L226,435Q166,435 123,470.5Q80,506 80,555Q80,613 136.5,653.5Q193,694 272,694Q324,694 363.5,681.5Q403,669 422,646Q442,669 464,681.5Q486,694 507,694L626,694L659,690L662,694Q650,704 643,721Q636,738 636,759Q636,797 668.5,823.5Q701,850 746,850Q792,850 823,814.5Q854,779 850,732L797,732Q799,758 784,778Q769,798 746,798Q725,798 709.5,784.5Q694,771 694,752Q694,730 708,713Q722,696 742,692Q792,683 825,646.5Q858,610 858,562Q858,514 823,479.5Q788,445 739,445Q691,445 656.5,479.5Q622,514 622,562L622,562ZM674,562Q674,534 693,515Q712,496 739,496Q767,496 786.5,515Q806,534 806,562Q806,589 786.5,608.5Q767,628 739,628Q712,628 693,608.5Q674,589 674,562L674,562ZM330,368Q330,378 337.5,385Q345,392 355,392Q365,392 372.5,385Q380,378 380,368Q380,358 372.5,350.5Q365,343 355,343Q345,343 337.5,350.5Q330,358 330,368L330,368ZM330,49Q330,59 337.5,66.5Q345,74 355,74Q365,74 372.5,66.5Q380,59 380,49Q380,39 372.5,32Q365,25 355,25Q345,25 337.5,32Q330,39 330,49L330,49ZM172,208Q172,218 179,225.5Q186,233 196,233Q206,233 213,225.5Q220,218 220,208Q220,198 213,191Q206,184 196,184Q186,184 179,191Q172,198 172,208L172,208ZM490,208Q490,218 497,225.5Q504,233 514,233Q524,233 531,225.5Q538,218 538,208Q538,198 531,191Q524,184 514,184Q504,184 497,191Q490,198 490,208L490,208ZM193,129Q193,139 200.5,146Q208,153 218,153Q228,153 235,146Q242,139 242,129Q242,119 235,111.5Q228,104 218,104Q208,104 200.5,111.5Q193,119 193,129L193,129ZM468,288Q468,298 475.5,305Q483,312 493,312Q503,312 510.5,305Q518,298 518,288Q518,278 510.5,271Q503,264 493,264Q483,264 475.5,271Q468,278 468,288L468,288ZM410,346Q410,356 417,363.5Q424,371 434,371Q444,371 451.5,363.5Q459,356 459,346Q459,336 451.5,329Q444,322 434,322Q424,322 417,329Q410,336 410,346L410,346ZM251,71Q251,81 258.5,88.5Q266,96 276,96Q286,96 293,88.5Q300,81 300,71Q300,61 293,53.5Q286,46 276,46Q266,46 258.5,53.5Q251,61 251,71L251,71ZM193,288Q193,298 200.5,305Q208,312 218,312Q228,312 235,305Q242,298 242,288Q242,278 235,271Q228,264 218,264Q208,264 200.5,271Q193,278 193,288L193,288ZM468,129Q468,139 475.5,146Q483,153 493,153Q503,153 510.5,146Q518,139 518,129Q518,119 510.5,111.5Q503,104 493,104Q483,104 475.5,111.5Q468,119 468,129L468,129ZM251,346Q251,356 258.5,363.5Q266,371 276,371Q286,371 293,363.5Q300,356 300,346Q300,336 293,329Q286,322 276,322Q266,322 258.5,329Q251,336 251,346L251,346ZM410,71Q410,81 417,88.5Q424,96 434,96Q444,96 451.5,88.5Q459,81 459,71Q459,61 451.5,53.5Q444,46 434,46Q424,46 417,53.5Q410,61 410,71L410,71Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ో</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1o8ziy1">0C4B</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-p9rueq"><0C4A, 0C55></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G10952" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G10952" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Rendering Behavior.</span></span> Telugu script rendering is similar to that of some other Brahmic scripts in the Unicode Standard—in particular, the Kannada script. (See <a href="#G38298" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.8, Kannada</a>.) Many Telugu letters have a v-shaped headstroke, which is a structural mark corresponding to the horizontal bar in Devanagari and the arch in Oriya. When a virama (called <i data-svelte-h="svelte-17glvnk">virāmamu</i> in Telugu) or certain vowel signs are added to a letter with this headstroke, it is replaced:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 398 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,458Q394,437 374,437L118,437Q91,437 91,411Q91,399 101,390Q111,381 123,381L249,381Q264,381 264,364Q264,346 248,346L128,346Q109,346 106,318Q106,297 127,294L125,294Q143,294 165,286L169,285L176,283Q233,263 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,249 47,273Q67,284 88,290Q80,302 79,317Q78,342 102,357Q87,363 74,382L66,397Q64,400 61,419Q61,443 81.5,460.5Q102,478 126,481L375,481Q391,481 394,458Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క్</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-14l5wx3">k</i>)</p> <p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C3F <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C3F ◌ి TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M410,417Q411,369 372,341Q338,317 288,317Q240,317 212,345L208,355Q208,373 226,374L231,372L238,367L266,353L284,348L302,345Q333,345 356.5,363.5Q380,382 381,412Q382,434 362,455Q367,450 367,442Q367,429 353,410Q330,379 299,378Q239,377 237,435Q236,466 260.5,486Q285,506 317,507Q354,508 385,480Q409,453 410,417ZM342,450Q342,465 339,468Q336,471 321,474Q269,474 267,430Q266,417 277,408Q288,399 301,399Q317,399 332,414Q340,432 342,450ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ి</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-ddzfpf">vowel sign i</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C3F ◌ి TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,243 40,268L48,274Q28,280 13,295L9,305Q9,323 27,324L32,322L39,317L67,303L85,298L103,295Q134,295 157.5,313.5Q181,332 182,362Q183,384 163,405Q168,400 168,392Q168,379 155,360Q132,329 100,328Q40,327 38,385Q37,417 61,436.5Q85,456 118,457Q155,458 186,430Q210,403 211,367Q212,329 180,297L166,286L173,284Q233,267 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86ZM143,400Q143,415 140,418Q137,421 122,424Q70,424 68,380Q67,367 78,358Q89,349 102,349Q118,349 133,364Q141,382 143,400Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">కి</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eoxw5o">ki</i>)</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-18k98l1">Telugu consonant clusters are most commonly represented by a subscripted, and often transformed, consonant glyph for the second element of the cluster:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C17 <span title="U+0C17 గ TELUGU LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 338 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M352,421Q352,412 341,403L193,287Q236,269 270,209Q310,139 308,68L307,35Q306,0 276,0Q256,0 250,23L258,61L262,104Q262,159 236,208Q204,266 154,267L152,267Q104,268 72,208Q47,158 46,104Q46,78 52,50L58,23Q58,9 32,0Q17,0 6,20Q0,41 0,68Q0,138 38,208Q69,265 111,284L71,313Q59,322 59,334Q59,345 68,353.5Q77,362 88,362Q102,362 111,350L155,294L310,437Q318,444 327,444Q335,444 340,440Q352,432 352,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">గ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etemxc">ga</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C17 <span title="U+0C17 గ TELUGU LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 338 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M352,421Q352,412 341,403L193,287Q236,269 270,209Q310,139 308,68L307,35Q306,0 276,0Q256,0 250,23L258,61L262,104Q262,159 236,208Q204,266 154,267L152,267Q104,268 72,208Q47,158 46,104Q46,78 52,50L58,23Q58,9 32,0Q17,0 6,20Q0,41 0,68Q0,138 38,208Q69,265 111,284L71,313Q59,322 59,334Q59,345 68,353.5Q77,362 88,362Q102,362 111,350L155,294L310,437Q318,444 327,444Q335,444 340,440Q352,432 352,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">గ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etemxc">ga</i> → <span title="U+0C17 గ TELUGU LETTER GA U+0C17 గ TELUGU LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 344 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M352,421Q352,412 341,403L193,287Q236,269 270,209Q310,139 308,68L307,35Q306,0 276,0Q256,0 250,23L258,61L262,104Q262,159 236,208Q204,266 154,267L152,267Q104,268 72,208Q47,158 46,104Q46,78 52,50L58,23Q58,9 32,0Q17,0 6,20Q0,41 0,68Q0,138 38,208Q69,265 111,284L71,313Q59,322 59,334Q59,345 68,353.5Q77,362 88,362Q102,362 111,350L155,294L310,437Q318,444 327,444Q335,444 340,440Q352,432 352,421Z" /><path transform="translate(338)" d="M-38,-211Q-38,-238 -43,-254Q-47,-265 -64,-265Q-80,-265 -85,-246L-78,-214L-75,-182Q-75,-165 -76,-158Q-77,-130 -98,-95Q-124,-52 -161,-51Q-193,-50 -223,-93Q-247,-138 -248,-182Q-248,-195 -244,-216L-238,-246Q-238,-264 -259,-265Q-268,-265 -279,-247Q-285,-231 -285,-211Q-285,-149 -254,-94Q-217,-29 -161,-29Q-105,-29 -69,-97Q-39,-153 -38,-211Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">గగ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-coopvn">gga</i>)</p> <p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 633 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /><path transform="translate(299)" d="M300,44Q301,19 273,19L158,19L172,-23L179,-55L182,-82Q182,-143 151,-182Q117,-225 58,-225Q7,-225 -29,-183Q-63,-144 -64,-92Q-65,-47 -22,17L56,113Q98,165 98,218Q98,261 67,278Q65,279 39,286Q2,286 1,314Q0,329 30,336Q73,336 100,300Q125,268 125,224Q125,161 76,94Q-30,-52 -31,-85Q-32,-119 -3.5,-150.5Q25,-182 59,-182Q101,-182 129,-148Q155,-117 155,-74Q155,-40 143,-14L117,42Q117,64 136,69L275,68Q299,68 300,44Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">కక</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvhwub">kka</i>)</p> <p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C2F <span title="U+0C2F య TELUGU LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 705 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M683,128Q684,74 659,39Q631,0 579,0Q519,0 489,58L482,80Q462,0 383,0Q315,0 282,89Q269,61 228,24Q192,0 147,0Q85,0 43,42.5Q1,85 0,147Q-1,208 42,250.5Q85,293 147,294Q210,295 252,251Q294,207 294,143Q313,50 383,49Q414,48 438,79Q459,106 459,149Q459,244 349,267Q333,269 323,276L272,313Q260,322 260,334Q260,345 269,353.5Q278,362 289,362Q303,362 312,350L356,294L511,437Q519,444 528,444Q553,444 553,421Q553,412 542,403L395,287Q427,274 452,239Q486,191 487,128Q491,116 504,90Q524,50 579,49Q615,48 637,78Q657,105 657,142Q657,181 640,219Q619,267 585,267Q570,267 569,281Q569,294 584,294Q630,295 659,231Q682,181 683,128ZM264,157Q265,199 228.5,232.5Q192,266 149,267Q104,268 69,235Q34,202 33,157Q32,111 67,80.5Q102,50 149,49Q195,48 229,79.5Q263,111 264,157Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">య</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etwbii">ya</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C2F య TELUGU LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 560 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /><path transform="translate(299)" d="M211,-129Q211,-189 170.5,-220.5Q130,-252 68,-253Q28,-254 -7,-234Q-49,-211 -49,-174Q-49,-147 -35,-135L-28,-129Q-12,-118 21,-111Q72,-100 72,-65Q72,-31 33,-31Q11,-31 0,-42L-12,-57Q-15,-61 -26,-65Q-45,-65 -46,-44Q-47,-29 -21,-12Q3,0 28,0Q57,0 77.5,-19Q98,-38 99,-67Q100,-100 71,-118L-3,-146L-9,-153Q-12,-157 -12,-167Q-12,-184 18,-202Q46,-212 68,-212Q117,-213 147,-187.5Q177,-162 178,-114Q179,-80 155,-41Q141,-17 104.5,26.5Q68,70 56,91Q23,147 22,193Q21,234 46.5,263.5Q72,293 112,294Q146,295 173.5,269.5Q201,244 201,210Q201,178 178,172Q154,172 154,196L158,216Q158,232 142.5,245.5Q127,259 110,260Q50,262 50,192Q50,130 102,66L155,1Q202,-57 207,-96L211,-129Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">కయ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-d0tx5d">kya</i>)</p> <p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C37 <span title="U+0C37 ష TELUGU LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 404 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M316,421Q316,412 305,403L150,281Q133,267 118,267Q99,267 86,276L35,313Q23,322 23,334Q23,345 32,353.5Q41,362 52,362Q66,362 75,350L119,294L274,437Q282,444 291,444Q299,444 305,440Q316,432 316,421ZM411,-45Q411,-67 385,-68Q358,-69 339,-41Q322,-16 322,12L324,31Q313,19 293,8Q274,1 250,0Q213,-1 187,28L169,56Q149,1 88,0Q52,-1 26.5,25Q1,51 0,88Q-1,125 24.5,149.5Q50,174 88,175Q118,176 142.5,155.5Q167,135 174,105Q198,49 250,49Q287,49 307.5,75Q328,101 328,139Q328,202 276,219Q259,224 259,248Q262,266 281,266Q286,266 290,264Q321,254 339,203Q353,163 354,124Q354,104 352,95Q351,81 344,65Q344,11 368,-12L404,-27L411,-45ZM144,100Q145,122 127.5,136.5Q110,151 88,151Q66,151 49.5,136.5Q33,122 32,100Q31,77 48,63Q65,49 88,49Q110,49 126.5,63.5Q143,78 144,100Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ష</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-d01dhf">ssa</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C37 ష TELUGU LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 380 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /><path transform="translate(299)" d="M84,-162Q85,-184 44,-190Q18,-190 0.5,-168Q-17,-146 -17,-119Q-41,-143 -82,-144Q-140,-145 -164,-92Q-173,-109 -197,-129Q-221,-144 -249,-144Q-283,-144 -308,-121Q-333,-98 -334,-65Q-335,-42 -321.5,-24.5Q-308,-7 -285,-6Q-268,-5 -264,-25Q-264,-40 -280,-40L-288,-38Q-303,-38 -309,-62Q-309,-101 -250,-101Q-224,-101 -202,-90Q-176,-76 -174,-53L-170,-48L-166,-46Q-157,-46 -157,-51Q-157,-73 -128,-89Q-103,-102 -78,-103Q-53,-104 -42,-95Q-24,-84 -23,-64Q-22,-47 -41,-39L-52,-40Q-63,-40 -66,-25Q-66,-20 -59,-13Q-55,-8 -46,-6Q-1,-6 4,-67L0,-93Q0,-149 40,-151Q46,-151 54,-146L65,-142Q83,-142 84,-162Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">కష</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-107d09n">kṣa</i>)</p></blockquote> <p><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> is used to prevent <span title="U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C4D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA</span></span> from subscripting a following letter:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+200C <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 657,44Q685,44 685,83L685,259L738,259L738,84Q738,1 659,1Q576,1 576,97L576,103L626,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span> ZWNJ + U+0C15 <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 299 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> → <span title="U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA U+0C15 క TELUGU LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 697 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,458Q394,437 374,437L118,437Q91,437 91,411Q91,399 101,390Q111,381 123,381L249,381Q264,381 264,364Q264,346 248,346L128,346Q109,346 106,318Q106,297 127,294L125,294Q143,294 165,286L169,285L176,283Q233,263 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,249 47,273Q67,284 88,290Q80,302 79,317Q78,342 102,357Q87,363 74,382L66,397Q64,400 61,419Q61,443 81.5,460.5Q102,478 126,481L375,481Q391,481 394,458Z" /><path transform="translate(398)" d="M294,421Q294,412 283,403L142,292Q195,283 221,257Q233,245 233,233Q233,212 207,211Q199,211 194,216Q183,234 162,250.5Q141,267 122,267Q91,268 67,255Q37,239 36,211Q35,172 122,172Q246,172 247,86Q247,57 214,25Q181,1 122,0Q77,-1 42,21Q2,46 0,89L3,104Q6,110 22,113Q40,113 40,100Q40,78 68,59Q96,50 122,49Q152,48 178,58Q211,71 211,97Q211,145 122,146Q70,147 47,155Q8,169 7,211Q6,254 59,279L13,313Q1,322 1,334Q1,345 10,353.5Q19,362 30,362Q43,362 53,350L97,294L252,437Q259,444 269,444Q276,444 282,440Q294,432 294,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">క్క</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1726oab">k.ka</i>)</p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G687332" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G687332" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Nakāra-Pollu.</span></span> A distinct form <span title="U+0C5D ౝ TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 684 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M251,35L120,35Q75,43 45.5,72.5Q16,102 16,140Q16,163 27,183Q38,202 56,213Q50,218 46,222Q16,252 16,290Q16,292 16,293Q16,294 16,296Q16,344 52,370L54,371Q37,384 27,402Q16,423 16,446Q16,494 51,529Q86,564 134,564L430,564L430,499L136,499Q114,499 98,483.5Q82,468 82,446Q82,424 94,409Q104,395 118,394Q127,395 136,395L253,395L253,394L253,330L253,329L122,329Q121,329 121,329Q115,328 109,327Q101,324 94,318Q83,307 82,293Q83,273 94,262Q97,258 101,256Q110,250 121,250L251,250L251,249L251,185L251,184L123,184Q107,184 94.5,170Q82,156 82,140Q82,123 93.5,111.5Q105,100 121,100L251,100L251,35Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ౝ</span></span></span> of a vowelless U+0C28 <span title="U+0C28 న TELUGU LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 606 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,66Q441,66 473.5,117.5Q506,169 506,242Q506,322 443,378.5Q380,435 291,435L202,435Q142,435 100,478.5Q58,522 58,582L110,582Q110,542 138,514Q166,486 204,486Q218,486 234.5,495Q251,504 268,521L433,678L466,645L309,490Q419,484 495,412.5Q571,341 571,242Q571,142 519.5,71Q468,0 394,0Q338,0 296,34.5Q254,69 245,121Q238,159 214,184.5Q190,210 159,210Q132,210 112.5,182.5Q93,155 93,117Q93,102 103,77.5Q113,53 132,19L74,-2Q51,37 39,67.5Q27,98 27,117Q27,182 66,228Q105,274 159,274Q213,274 252.5,240Q292,206 297,155Q300,117 328,91.5Q356,66 394,66L394,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">న</span></span></span> <span title="U+0C28 న TELUGU LETTER NA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU LETTER NA</span></span> appears in older Telugu texts, and is known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-ossb4f">nakāra-pollu</i>. This form is represented by a separate character, U+0C5D <span title="U+0C5D ౝ TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 684 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M251,35L120,35Q75,43 45.5,72.5Q16,102 16,140Q16,163 27,183Q38,202 56,213Q50,218 46,222Q16,252 16,290Q16,292 16,293Q16,294 16,296Q16,344 52,370L54,371Q37,384 27,402Q16,423 16,446Q16,494 51,529Q86,564 134,564L430,564L430,499L136,499Q114,499 98,483.5Q82,468 82,446Q82,424 94,409Q104,395 118,394Q127,395 136,395L253,395L253,394L253,330L253,329L122,329Q121,329 121,329Q115,328 109,327Q101,324 94,318Q83,307 82,293Q83,273 94,262Q97,258 101,256Q110,250 121,250L251,250L251,249L251,185L251,184L123,184Q107,184 94.5,170Q82,156 82,140Q82,123 93.5,111.5Q105,100 121,100L251,100L251,35Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ౝ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0C5D ౝ TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU</span></span>. The related form regularly used in modern texts takes an ordinary virama-joined shape <span title="U+0C28 న TELUGU LETTER NA U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 606 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,66Q441,66 473.5,117.5Q506,169 506,242Q506,322 443,378.5Q380,435 291,435L270,435Q225,435 193.5,468.5Q162,502 162,550Q162,580 180,606.5Q198,633 229,647Q199,655 180.5,679Q162,703 162,733Q162,782 202,816.5Q242,851 299,851L627,851L627,786L301,786Q270,786 248.5,770.5Q227,755 227,733Q227,711 248.5,696.5Q270,682 299,682L469,682L469,616L301,616Q270,616 248.5,596.5Q227,577 227,550Q227,525 239.5,507.5Q252,490 270,490L290,490Q406,490 488.5,417.5Q571,345 571,242Q571,142 519.5,71Q468,0 394,0Q338,0 296,34.5Q254,69 245,121Q238,159 214,184.5Q190,210 159,210Q132,210 112.5,182.5Q93,155 93,117Q93,102 103,77.5Q113,53 132,19L74,-2Q51,37 39,67.5Q27,98 27,117Q27,182 66,228Q105,274 159,274Q213,274 252.5,240Q292,206 297,155Q300,117 328,91.5Q356,66 394,66L394,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">న్</span></span></span>, as other consonants do, and thus is represented by the sequence <U+0C28 <span title="U+0C28 న TELUGU LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 606 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,66Q441,66 473.5,117.5Q506,169 506,242Q506,322 443,378.5Q380,435 291,435L202,435Q142,435 100,478.5Q58,522 58,582L110,582Q110,542 138,514Q166,486 204,486Q218,486 234.5,495Q251,504 268,521L433,678L466,645L309,490Q419,484 495,412.5Q571,341 571,242Q571,142 519.5,71Q468,0 394,0Q338,0 296,34.5Q254,69 245,121Q238,159 214,184.5Q190,210 159,210Q132,210 112.5,182.5Q93,155 93,117Q93,102 103,77.5Q113,53 132,19L74,-2Q51,37 39,67.5Q27,98 27,117Q27,182 66,228Q105,274 159,274Q213,274 252.5,240Q292,206 297,155Q300,117 328,91.5Q356,66 394,66L394,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">న</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 632 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M240,368Q240,378 247.5,385Q255,392 265,392Q275,392 282.5,385Q290,378 290,368Q290,358 282.5,350.5Q275,343 265,343Q255,343 247.5,350.5Q240,358 240,368L240,368ZM240,49Q240,59 247.5,66.5Q255,74 265,74Q275,74 282.5,66.5Q290,59 290,49Q290,39 282.5,32Q275,25 265,25Q255,25 247.5,32Q240,39 240,49L240,49ZM82,208Q82,218 89,225.5Q96,233 106,233Q116,233 123,225.5Q130,218 130,208Q130,198 123,191Q116,184 106,184Q96,184 89,191Q82,198 82,208L82,208ZM400,208Q400,218 407,225.5Q414,233 424,233Q434,233 441,225.5Q448,218 448,208Q448,198 441,191Q434,184 424,184Q414,184 407,191Q400,198 400,208L400,208ZM103,129Q103,139 110.5,146Q118,153 128,153Q138,153 145,146Q152,139 152,129Q152,119 145,111.5Q138,104 128,104Q118,104 110.5,111.5Q103,119 103,129L103,129ZM378,288Q378,298 385.5,305Q393,312 403,312Q413,312 420.5,305Q428,298 428,288Q428,278 420.5,271Q413,264 403,264Q393,264 385.5,271Q378,278 378,288L378,288ZM320,346Q320,356 327,363.5Q334,371 344,371Q354,371 361.5,363.5Q369,356 369,346Q369,336 361.5,329Q354,322 344,322Q334,322 327,329Q320,336 320,346L320,346ZM161,71Q161,81 168.5,88.5Q176,96 186,96Q196,96 203,88.5Q210,81 210,71Q210,61 203,53.5Q196,46 186,46Q176,46 168.5,53.5Q161,61 161,71L161,71ZM103,288Q103,298 110.5,305Q118,312 128,312Q138,312 145,305Q152,298 152,288Q152,278 145,271Q138,264 128,264Q118,264 110.5,271Q103,278 103,288L103,288ZM378,129Q378,139 385.5,146Q393,153 403,153Q413,153 420.5,146Q428,139 428,129Q428,119 420.5,111.5Q413,104 403,104Q393,104 385.5,111.5Q378,119 378,129L378,129ZM161,346Q161,356 168.5,363.5Q176,371 186,371Q196,371 203,363.5Q210,356 210,346Q210,336 203,329Q196,322 186,322Q176,322 168.5,329Q161,336 161,346L161,346ZM320,71Q320,81 327,88.5Q334,96 344,96Q354,96 361.5,88.5Q369,81 369,71Q369,61 361.5,53.5Q354,46 344,46Q334,46 327,53.5Q320,61 320,71L320,71ZM345,445L240,445Q196,453 166.5,482.5Q137,512 137,550Q137,573 148,593Q159,613 178,624L178,628Q159,642 148,662.5Q137,683 137,706Q137,754 172,789Q207,824 256,824L551,824L551,759L257,759Q235,759 219,743.5Q203,728 203,706Q203,684 214.5,669Q226,654 242,654L384,654L384,589L244,589Q227,589 215,577.5Q203,566 203,550Q203,533 214.5,521.5Q226,510 242,510L345,510L345,445L345,445Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>>.</p> <p>Prior to Unicode 14.0, these two distinct forms were treated as glyphic variants of that regular sequence <U+0C28 <span title="U+0C28 న TELUGU LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 606 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,66Q441,66 473.5,117.5Q506,169 506,242Q506,322 443,378.5Q380,435 291,435L202,435Q142,435 100,478.5Q58,522 58,582L110,582Q110,542 138,514Q166,486 204,486Q218,486 234.5,495Q251,504 268,521L433,678L466,645L309,490Q419,484 495,412.5Q571,341 571,242Q571,142 519.5,71Q468,0 394,0Q338,0 296,34.5Q254,69 245,121Q238,159 214,184.5Q190,210 159,210Q132,210 112.5,182.5Q93,155 93,117Q93,102 103,77.5Q113,53 132,19L74,-2Q51,37 39,67.5Q27,98 27,117Q27,182 66,228Q105,274 159,274Q213,274 252.5,240Q292,206 297,155Q300,117 328,91.5Q356,66 394,66L394,66Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">న</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 632 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M240,368Q240,378 247.5,385Q255,392 265,392Q275,392 282.5,385Q290,378 290,368Q290,358 282.5,350.5Q275,343 265,343Q255,343 247.5,350.5Q240,358 240,368L240,368ZM240,49Q240,59 247.5,66.5Q255,74 265,74Q275,74 282.5,66.5Q290,59 290,49Q290,39 282.5,32Q275,25 265,25Q255,25 247.5,32Q240,39 240,49L240,49ZM82,208Q82,218 89,225.5Q96,233 106,233Q116,233 123,225.5Q130,218 130,208Q130,198 123,191Q116,184 106,184Q96,184 89,191Q82,198 82,208L82,208ZM400,208Q400,218 407,225.5Q414,233 424,233Q434,233 441,225.5Q448,218 448,208Q448,198 441,191Q434,184 424,184Q414,184 407,191Q400,198 400,208L400,208ZM103,129Q103,139 110.5,146Q118,153 128,153Q138,153 145,146Q152,139 152,129Q152,119 145,111.5Q138,104 128,104Q118,104 110.5,111.5Q103,119 103,129L103,129ZM378,288Q378,298 385.5,305Q393,312 403,312Q413,312 420.5,305Q428,298 428,288Q428,278 420.5,271Q413,264 403,264Q393,264 385.5,271Q378,278 378,288L378,288ZM320,346Q320,356 327,363.5Q334,371 344,371Q354,371 361.5,363.5Q369,356 369,346Q369,336 361.5,329Q354,322 344,322Q334,322 327,329Q320,336 320,346L320,346ZM161,71Q161,81 168.5,88.5Q176,96 186,96Q196,96 203,88.5Q210,81 210,71Q210,61 203,53.5Q196,46 186,46Q176,46 168.5,53.5Q161,61 161,71L161,71ZM103,288Q103,298 110.5,305Q118,312 128,312Q138,312 145,305Q152,298 152,288Q152,278 145,271Q138,264 128,264Q118,264 110.5,271Q103,278 103,288L103,288ZM378,129Q378,139 385.5,146Q393,153 403,153Q413,153 420.5,146Q428,139 428,129Q428,119 420.5,111.5Q413,104 403,104Q393,104 385.5,111.5Q378,119 378,129L378,129ZM161,346Q161,356 168.5,363.5Q176,371 186,371Q196,371 203,363.5Q210,356 210,346Q210,336 203,329Q196,322 186,322Q176,322 168.5,329Q161,336 161,346L161,346ZM320,71Q320,81 327,88.5Q334,96 344,96Q354,96 361.5,88.5Q369,81 369,71Q369,61 361.5,53.5Q354,46 344,46Q334,46 327,53.5Q320,61 320,71L320,71ZM345,445L240,445Q196,453 166.5,482.5Q137,512 137,550Q137,573 148,593Q159,613 178,624L178,628Q159,642 148,662.5Q137,683 137,706Q137,754 172,789Q207,824 256,824L551,824L551,759L257,759Q235,759 219,743.5Q203,728 203,706Q203,684 214.5,669Q226,654 242,654L384,654L384,589L244,589Q227,589 215,577.5Q203,566 203,550Q203,533 214.5,521.5Q226,510 242,510L345,510L345,445L345,445Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>>, handled at the font level.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G687981" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G687981" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Reph.</span></span> In modern Telugu, <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C30 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU LETTER RA</span></span> behaves in the same manner as most other initial consonants in a consonant cluster. That is, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> appears in its nominal form, and the second consonant takes the C2-conjoining or subscripted form:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C30 <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 540 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ర</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C2E <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 956 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etiq5a">ma</i> → <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 786 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /><path transform="translate(540)" d="M67,-161Q67,-194 86,-216.5Q105,-239 132,-239Q159,-239 178.5,-216.5Q198,-194 198,-161Q198,-123 171.5,-94.5Q145,-66 105,-58L98,-60Q83,-78 75,-104Q67,-130 67,-161L67,-161ZM-156,-212Q-156,-121 -91,-56.5Q-26,8 66,8Q105,76 125.5,132.5Q146,189 146,230Q146,276 118,309Q90,342 50,342L50,410Q117,410 164,357.5Q211,305 211,230Q211,182 192,124Q173,66 136,2Q194,-18 228.5,-63Q263,-108 263,-161Q263,-221 224.5,-263Q186,-305 132,-305Q78,-305 40,-263Q2,-221 2,-161Q2,-127 7.5,-102.5Q13,-78 23,-66L21,-61Q-26,-61 -58,-105.5Q-90,-150 -90,-212Q-90,-282 -32.5,-332Q25,-382 106,-382Q162,-382 210.5,-368.5Q259,-355 297,-329L318,-389Q269,-418 215,-432.5Q161,-447 106,-447Q-2,-447 -79,-378.5Q-156,-310 -156,-212L-156,-212Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">రమ</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-cpdy5u">rma</i>)</p></blockquote> <p>However, in older texts, <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C30 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU LETTER RA</span></span> takes the reduced (or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i>) form <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 684 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M222,-23Q156,-23 108.5,22.5Q61,68 61,133Q61,178 92.5,217Q124,256 175,274L175,279Q124,293 92.5,334Q61,375 61,427Q61,495 108.5,542.5Q156,590 222,590L605,590L605,528L224,528Q182,528 152,498.5Q122,469 122,427Q122,378 163.5,344Q205,310 265,310L350,310L350,248L265,248Q205,248 163.5,214.5Q122,181 122,133Q122,93 151.5,65Q181,37 222,37L310,37L310,-23L222,-23L222,-23Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ర</span></span></span> when it appears first in a consonant cluster, and the following consonant maintains its nominal form:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C30 <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 540 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ర</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C2E <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 956 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మ</span></span></span> ma → <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1640 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /><path transform="translate(956)" d="M222,-23Q156,-23 108.5,22.5Q61,68 61,133Q61,178 92.5,217Q124,256 175,274L175,279Q124,293 92.5,334Q61,375 61,427Q61,495 108.5,542.5Q156,590 222,590L605,590L605,528L224,528Q182,528 152,498.5Q122,469 122,427Q122,378 163.5,344Q205,310 265,310L350,310L350,248L265,248Q205,248 163.5,214.5Q122,181 122,133Q122,93 151.5,65Q181,37 222,37L310,37L310,-23L222,-23L222,-23Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మర</span></span></span> (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-cpdy5u">rma</i>)</p></blockquote> <p><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> is placed immediately after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> to render the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i> explicitly in modern texts:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C30 <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 540 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ర</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+200D <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span> ZWJ + U+0C2E <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 956 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etiq5a">ma</i> → <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1640 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /><path transform="translate(956)" d="M222,-23Q156,-23 108.5,22.5Q61,68 61,133Q61,178 92.5,217Q124,256 175,274L175,279Q124,293 92.5,334Q61,375 61,427Q61,495 108.5,542.5Q156,590 222,590L605,590L605,528L224,528Q182,528 152,498.5Q122,469 122,427Q122,378 163.5,344Q205,310 265,310L350,310L350,248L265,248Q205,248 163.5,214.5Q122,181 122,133Q122,93 151.5,65Q181,37 222,37L310,37L310,-23L222,-23L222,-23Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మర</span></span></span></p></blockquote> <p>To prevent display of a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i>, <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</span></span> is placed after the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, but preceding the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>:</p> <blockquote><p>U+0C30 <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 540 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ర</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + U+200D <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span> ZWJ + U+0C4D <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0C4D ◌్ TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 575 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,505Q454,484 434,484L178,484Q151,484 151,458Q151,446 161,437Q171,428 183,428L309,428Q324,428 324,411Q324,393 308,393L188,393Q169,393 166,365Q166,343 187,341L223,341Q235,341 236,327Q236,315 225,314L189,314Q169,314 154.5,328.5Q140,343 139,364Q138,389 162,404Q147,410 134,429L126,444Q124,447 121,466Q121,489 141,507Q161,525 186,528L435,528Q451,528 454,505ZM491,164Q502,146 484,136Q466,126 455,144Q445,162 463,172Q481,182 491,164ZM413,222Q402,204 384,215Q366,225 377,243Q387,261 405,250Q423,240 413,222ZM308,261Q308,240 288,240Q267,240 267,261Q267,282 288,282Q308,282 308,261ZM523,47Q523,26 502,26Q481,26 481,47Q481,67 502,67Q523,67 523,47ZM198,243Q209,225 191,215Q173,204 162,222Q152,240 170,250Q188,261 198,243ZM491,-71Q481,-89 463,-78Q445,-68 455,-50Q466,-32 484,-43Q502,-53 491,-71ZM413,-129Q423,-147 405,-157Q387,-167 377,-149Q366,-131 384,-121Q402,-111 413,-129ZM120,144Q109,126 91,136Q73,146 84,164Q94,182 112,172Q130,162 120,144ZM308,-168Q308,-189 288,-189Q267,-189 267,-168Q267,-147 288,-147Q308,-147 308,-168ZM94,47Q94,26 73,26Q52,26 52,47Q52,67 73,67Q94,67 94,47ZM120,-50Q130,-68 112,-78Q94,-89 84,-71Q73,-53 91,-43Q109,-32 120,-50ZM198,-149Q188,-167 170,-157Q152,-147 162,-129Q173,-111 191,-121Q209,-131 198,-149Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ్</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i> + U+0C2E <span title="U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 956 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M76,118Q76,91 95,71.5Q114,52 142,52Q169,52 187.5,71.5Q206,91 206,118Q206,146 187.5,164.5Q169,183 142,183Q114,183 95,164.5Q76,146 76,118L76,118ZM23,118Q23,166 58,200.5Q93,235 142,235Q183,235 216,207.5Q249,180 260,136Q268,105 297,85.5Q326,66 363,66Q410,66 442,116Q474,166 474,237Q474,320 419.5,378.5Q365,437 287,437L216,437Q158,437 116,479.5Q74,522 74,582L126,582Q126,542 154,514Q182,486 220,486Q234,486 250.5,495Q267,504 284,521L449,678L482,645L324,488Q417,475 478.5,403.5Q540,332 540,237L538,206Q560,143 609.5,104.5Q659,66 718,66Q773,66 811,116Q849,166 849,237Q849,314 801.5,368.5Q754,423 688,423L703,488Q795,480 858,407Q921,334 921,235Q921,138 859.5,69Q798,0 711,0Q654,0 603,33.5Q552,67 522,125Q502,69 458,34.5Q414,0 363,0Q328,0 297.5,18.5Q267,37 249,68L246,66Q235,37 206.5,18.5Q178,0 142,0Q93,0 58,35Q23,70 23,118L23,118Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">మ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etiq5a">ma</i> → <span title="U+0C30 ర TELUGU LETTER RA U+0C2E మ TELUGU LETTER MA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 786 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,242Q99,169 149,117.5Q199,66 270,66Q340,66 389.5,117.5Q439,169 439,242Q439,316 389.5,367.5Q340,419 270,419Q199,419 149,367.5Q99,316 99,242L99,242ZM34,242Q34,317 78,377.5Q122,438 193,462Q161,489 143,530.5Q125,572 125,622L177,622Q177,567 204.5,529Q232,491 270,491Q284,491 301,500.5Q318,510 334,526L499,684L533,650L346,462Q418,438 462,375.5Q506,313 506,235Q506,138 436.5,69Q367,0 270,0Q172,0 103,71Q34,142 34,242L34,242Z" /><path transform="translate(540)" d="M67,-161Q67,-194 86,-216.5Q105,-239 132,-239Q159,-239 178.5,-216.5Q198,-194 198,-161Q198,-123 171.5,-94.5Q145,-66 105,-58L98,-60Q83,-78 75,-104Q67,-130 67,-161L67,-161ZM-156,-212Q-156,-121 -91,-56.5Q-26,8 66,8Q105,76 125.5,132.5Q146,189 146,230Q146,276 118,309Q90,342 50,342L50,410Q117,410 164,357.5Q211,305 211,230Q211,182 192,124Q173,66 136,2Q194,-18 228.5,-63Q263,-108 263,-161Q263,-221 224.5,-263Q186,-305 132,-305Q78,-305 40,-263Q2,-221 2,-161Q2,-127 7.5,-102.5Q13,-78 23,-66L21,-61Q-26,-61 -58,-105.5Q-90,-150 -90,-212Q-90,-282 -32.5,-332Q25,-382 106,-382Q162,-382 210.5,-368.5Q259,-355 297,-329L318,-389Q269,-418 215,-432.5Q161,-447 106,-447Q-2,-447 -79,-378.5Q-156,-310 -156,-212L-156,-212Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">రమ</span></span></span></p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G688645" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G688645" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Special Characters.</span></span> <span title="U+0C55 ◌ౕ TELUGU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C55 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU LENGTH MARK</span></span> is provided as an encoding for the distinguishing element appearing in certain letters and signs, however, this character is not used in ordinary representation of Telugu texts. See “Vowel Letters” earlier in this section for more information. <span title="U+0C56 ◌ౖ TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C56 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK</span></span> is provided as an encoding for the second element of the surroundrant vowel <span title="U+0C48 ◌ై TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C48 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI</span></span>. The length marks are both nonspacing characters. For a detailed discussion of the use of two-part vowels, see “Two-Part Vowels” in <a href="#G10162" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.6, Tamil</a>.</p> <p>For scholarly orthographies in which a horizontal line below is used to denote an alternative vowel or consonant for a syllable, <span title="U+0952 ◌॒ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0952 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA</span></span> is recommended to represent the line analogously to a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-jx2sxr">svara</i> in an orthographic syllable. For the encoding order of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1e1ywe">svaras</i>, see R10 of “Rendering Devanagari” in <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G741682" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G741682" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Nukta.</span></span> <span title="U+0C3C ◌఼ TELUGU SIGN NUKTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C3C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU SIGN NUKTA</span></span> is a mark placed under letters to indicate additional sounds from Tamil and Perso-Arabic languages. It may display as a large dot or as a ring, and is typically placed low enough to avoid confusion and collision with the differentiating “teardrop” that occurs under many Telugu letters. The representative glyph in the code chart is shown with the ring form to minimize accidental confusability in implementations.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G669627" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G669627" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Fractions.</span></span> Prior to the adoption of the metric system, Telugu fractions were used as part of the system of measurement. Telugu fractions are quaternary (base-4), and use eight marks, which are conceptually divided into two sets. The first set represents odd-numbered negative powers of four in fractions. The second set represents even-numbered negative powers of four in fractions. Different zeros are used with each set. The zero from the first set is known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eujz66">haḷḷi</i>, <span title="U+0C78 ౸ TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C78 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR</span></span>. The zero for the second set is <span title="U+0C66 ౦ TELUGU DIGIT ZERO" class="svelte-wim892">U+0C66 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TELUGU DIGIT ZERO</span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30300" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30300" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Danda and double danda are used primarily in the domain of religious texts to indicate the equivalent of a comma and full stop, respectively. The danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Telugu are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G38298" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G38298" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.8 Kannada</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G11138" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G11138" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.8.1 Kannada: U+0C80–U+0CFF</span> </h3> <p>The Kannada script is a South Indian script. It is used to write the Kannada (or Kanarese) language of the Karnataka state in India and to write minority languages such as Tulu. The Kannada language is also used in many parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra. This script is very closely related to the Telugu script both in the shapes of the letters and in the behavior of conjunct consonants. The Kannada script also shares many features common to other Indic scripts. See <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>, for further information.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-zohylk">The Unicode Standard follows the ISCII layout for encoding, which also reflects the traditional Kannada alphabetic order.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G30434" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30434" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.8.2 Principles of the Kannada Script</span> </h3> <p>Like Devanagari and related scripts, the Kannada script employs a halant, which is also known as a virama or vowel omission sign, U+0CCD <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1013 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M978,441L959,432Q913,500 839,500Q769,500 744,456L770,456Q822,456 851.5,420.5Q881,385 881,332Q881,281 856,250Q830,215 780,215Q688,215 688,348Q688,353 689,362L689,376L462,376L462,456L704,456Q717,505 753,534Q789,563 839,563Q907,563 937.5,535Q968,507 978,441ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM846,332Q845,376 780,376L724,376L724,351Q724,286 780,286Q804,286 823,297Q847,309 846,332Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ್</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>. The halant nominally serves to suppress the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is applied. The halant functions as a combining character. When a consonant loses its inherent vowel by the application of halant, it is known as a dead consonant. The dead consonants are the presentation forms used to depict the consonants without an inherent vowel. Their rendered forms in Kannada resemble the full consonant with the horn replaced by the halant sign. In contrast, a live consonant is a consonant that retains its inherent vowel or is written with an explicit dependent vowel sign. The dead consonant is defined as a sequence consisting of a consonant letter followed by a halant. The default rendering for a dead consonant is to position the halant as a combining mark bound to the consonant letterform.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G72284" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G72284" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G70975" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-31</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G70975" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G70975" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-31.</span> Kannada Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C8A ಊ KANNADA LETTER UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1047 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M895,2Q839,2 804,45Q771,85 772,142Q772,183 795,233Q823,292 860,292Q880,292 897.5,266Q915,240 915,218Q915,198 903,174Q890,146 873,147Q853,147 831,205Q809,152 809,142Q809,98 858,86Q909,72 940,121Q955,146 956,170Q956,241 912,307Q862,380 794,380Q745,380 724,369Q696,354 696,310Q696,287 705.5,240.5Q715,194 715,171Q715,-9 592,-9Q509,-9 488,92L475,277Q468,377 414,377Q385,377 375,349Q371,334 371,295Q371,273 373,231.5Q375,190 375,168Q375,116 338,57Q298,-9 248,-9Q135,-9 84,117Q47,208 47,340Q47,389 72,428Q100,473 146,473Q196,473 230,424Q263,380 263,329Q263,293 238,252Q210,207 176,207Q141,207 89,257Q121,85 248,84Q282,84 310,109.5Q338,135 338,168Q338,190 336.5,233.5Q335,277 335,299Q335,378 346,412Q366,473 427,473Q492,473 503,372Q507,310 519,185Q530,85 592,84Q628,84 653,109.5Q678,135 678,171Q678,196 672,246.5Q666,297 666,322Q666,400 690,434Q719,474 794,474Q894,474 949,367Q992,282 993,170Q993,117 970,65Q942,2 895,2ZM153,380Q112,380 93,340Q131,300 176,300Q225,300 226,329Q226,365 206,375Q196,380 153,380Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಊ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1n1djag">0C8A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19qp30h"><0C89, 0CBE></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0C94 ಔ KANNADA LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 646 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M487,315Q436,315 395.5,359Q355,403 355,455Q355,494 373,523Q394,557 431,557Q454,557 481.5,534.5Q509,512 509,489Q509,440 459,428Q438,438 401,466L393,451Q393,431 421,411Q446,394 469,394Q519,394 549.5,420.5Q580,447 580,496Q580,556 536,596.5Q492,637 431,637L310,637L311,612Q313,558 275.5,509.5Q238,461 185,455Q214,416 214,371Q214,314 183,268Q163,245 124,199Q93,162 93,126Q93,79 122,63.5Q151,48 203,48Q245,48 280,87Q300,108 330,162Q361,107 380,88Q414,53 460,53Q511,53 534,65Q564,83 564,130Q564,171 554,186.5Q544,202 508,224L496,296Q562,274 585,236Q605,202 605,130Q605,58 569,7Q528,-51 459,-51Q396,-51 329,16Q272,-52 205,-52Q139,-52 94,5Q52,59 52,126Q52,160 104.5,227Q157,294 157,332Q157,345 150,389Q147,407 133,412Q113,419 95,407.5Q77,396 78,375Q79,372 98,312L50,284Q37,319 37,375Q37,416 71,454L35,454L35,552L163,552Q270,552 270,612Q270,619 264,637L35,637L35,740L431,740Q530,740 580,664Q621,601 621,496Q621,436 584,379Q543,315 487,315Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-dtioza">0C94</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-2i8una"><0C92, 0CCC></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0CE0 ೠ KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 997 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M160,369Q137,394 110,394Q90,394 74.5,380.5Q59,367 59,348Q59,328 74,316.5Q89,305 109,305Q133,305 147.5,322Q162,339 161,364L160,369ZM84,123Q84,103 110,87Q130,74 143,73Q151,84 160,95Q170,111 171,120Q171,152 121,153Q84,153 84,123ZM825,13Q774,13 743,62Q716,106 715,159Q715,197 740,233Q767,273 803,273Q824,273 837,248Q848,227 847,203Q847,157 817,157Q775,157 766,183Q747,168 747,146Q747,122 775,105Q799,89 825,89Q861,88 882.5,107.5Q904,127 904,163Q904,241 858,298Q809,358 733,357Q680,357 659.5,335Q639,313 639,260Q639,257 639,248Q640,236 639,230Q639,230 639,197Q639,113 632,77Q616,0 561,1Q529,1 494,30L494,33Q454,-1 404,-1Q325,-1 282,81Q217,-3 147,-4Q109,-4 82,43Q58,84 58,124Q58,152 74,185Q94,224 120,223Q153,223 177,185Q199,151 199,117Q199,105 196,90Q284,164 284,226Q284,319 180,381Q186,361 185,343Q185,313 163,281Q139,247 109,248Q78,248 58,285Q41,316 41,350Q41,392 66,431Q94,474 135,475Q228,475 276,393Q317,325 317,226Q317,213 313,187.5Q309,162 309,149Q309,84 403,84Q453,84 486,103Q528,126 528,172Q528,260 469,357Q444,351 429,350L326,350L326,435Q367,433 381,433Q419,433 455,438Q467,438 492,439.5Q517,441 517,457Q517,472 495,499Q485,512 463,536L511,574Q551,521 551,457Q551,409 521,377Q562,284 561,172Q561,124 538,84Q543,83 547,83Q614,83 615,139Q615,159 610.5,199.5Q606,240 606,260Q606,345 626,385Q654,440 731,440Q837,440 892,350Q938,276 937,163Q937,107 910,63Q878,13 825,13Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ೠ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1rgklp2">0CE0</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1m07to0"><0C8B, 0CBE></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G36115" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G36115" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Conjuncts.</span></span> Kannada is also noted for a large number of consonant conjunct forms that serve as ligatures of two or more adjacent forms. This use of ligatures takes place in the context of a consonant cluster. A written consonant cluster is defined as a sequence of characters that represent one or more dead consonants followed by a normal live consonant. A separate and unique glyph corresponds to each part of a Kannada consonant conjunct. Most of these glyphs resemble their original consonant forms—many without the implicit vowel sign, wherever applicable.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-17hu98">In Kannada, conjunct formation tends to be graphically regular, using the following pattern:</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-4rhbqe"><li>The first consonant of the cluster is rendered with the implicit vowel or a different dependent vowel appearing as the terminal element of the cluster.</li> <li>The remaining consonants (consonants between the first consonant and the terminal vowel element) appear in conjunct consonant glyph forms in phonetic order. They are generally depicted directly below or to the lower right of the first consonant.</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-c9i8mr">A Kannada script font contains the conjunct glyph components, but they are not encoded as separate Unicode characters because they are simply ligatures. Kannada script rendering software must be able to map appropriate combinations of characters in context to the appropriate conjunct glyphs in fonts.</p> <blockquote data-svelte-h="svelte-1cdc7pt"><p><i>In a font that is capable of rendering Kannada, the number of glyphs is greater than the number of encoded Kannada characters.</i></p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30654" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30654" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Special Characters.</span></span> U+0CD5 <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CD5 ◌ೕ KANNADA LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1103 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M274,484Q274,499 284.5,509.5Q295,520 310,520Q325,520 335.5,509.5Q346,499 346,484Q346,469 335.5,458.5Q325,448 310,448Q295,448 284.5,458.5Q274,469 274,484L274,484ZM274,16Q274,31 284.5,41.5Q295,52 310,52Q325,52 335.5,41.5Q346,31 346,16Q346,1 335.5,-9.5Q325,-20 310,-20Q295,-20 284.5,-9.5Q274,1 274,16L274,16ZM40,250Q40,265 50.5,275.5Q61,286 76,286Q91,286 101.5,275.5Q112,265 112,250Q112,235 101.5,224.5Q91,214 76,214Q61,214 50.5,224.5Q40,235 40,250L40,250ZM508,250Q508,265 518.5,275.5Q529,286 544,286Q559,286 569.5,275.5Q580,265 580,250Q580,235 569.5,224.5Q559,214 544,214Q529,214 518.5,224.5Q508,235 508,250L508,250ZM72,133Q72,148 82.5,158.5Q93,169 108,169Q123,169 133.5,158.5Q144,148 144,133Q144,118 133.5,107.5Q123,97 108,97Q93,97 82.5,107.5Q72,118 72,133L72,133ZM477,367Q477,382 487.5,392.5Q498,403 513,403Q528,403 538.5,392.5Q549,382 549,367Q549,352 538.5,341.5Q528,331 513,331Q498,331 487.5,341.5Q477,352 477,367L477,367ZM391,453Q391,468 401.5,478.5Q412,489 427,489Q442,489 452.5,478.5Q463,468 463,453Q463,438 452.5,427.5Q442,417 427,417Q412,417 401.5,427.5Q391,438 391,453L391,453ZM157,48Q157,63 167.5,73.5Q178,84 193,84Q208,84 218.5,73.5Q229,63 229,48Q229,33 218.5,22Q208,11 193,11Q178,11 167.5,22Q157,33 157,48L157,48ZM72,367Q72,382 82.5,392.5Q93,403 108,403Q123,403 133.5,392.5Q144,382 144,367Q144,352 133.5,341.5Q123,331 108,331Q93,331 82.5,341.5Q72,352 72,367L72,367ZM477,133Q477,148 487.5,158.5Q498,169 513,169Q528,169 538.5,158.5Q549,148 549,133Q549,118 538.5,107.5Q528,97 513,97Q498,97 487.5,107.5Q477,118 477,133L477,133ZM157,453Q157,468 167.5,478.5Q178,489 193,489Q208,489 218.5,478.5Q229,468 229,453Q229,438 218.5,427.5Q208,417 193,417Q178,417 167.5,427.5Q157,438 157,453L157,453ZM391,48Q391,63 401.5,73.5Q412,84 427,84Q442,84 452.5,73.5Q463,63 463,48Q463,33 452.5,22Q442,11 427,11Q412,11 401.5,22Q391,33 391,48L391,48ZM867,468Q867,446 882,431Q897,416 919,416Q941,416 956,431Q971,446 971,468Q971,490 956,505Q941,520 919,520Q897,520 882,505Q867,490 867,468L867,468ZM659,338Q659,446 731.5,522Q804,598 906,598Q965,598 1007,560Q1049,522 1049,468Q1049,414 1011,376Q973,338 919,338Q865,338 827,376Q789,414 789,468Q770,445 760,411.5Q750,378 750,338Q750,239 820.5,147Q891,55 1010,0L867,0Q770,56 714.5,146.5Q659,237 659,338L659,338Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ೕ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CD5 ◌ೕ KANNADA LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LENGTH MARK</span></span> is provided as an encoding for the right side of the two-part vowel U+0CC7 <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CC7 ◌ೇ KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1060 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M102,547L102,625L434,625Q472,625 498.5,648Q525,671 525,703Q525,730 506,749Q487,768 460,768Q448,768 439,764.5Q430,761 428,755Q445,752 456,737.5Q467,723 467,703Q467,681 449.5,666Q432,651 408,651Q381,651 362,674Q343,697 343,729Q343,777 377.5,811.5Q412,846 460,846Q519,846 561,804Q603,762 603,703Q603,638 553.5,592.5Q504,547 434,547L102,547L102,547ZM835,468Q835,446 850,431Q865,416 887,416Q909,416 924,431Q939,446 939,468Q939,490 924,505Q909,520 887,520Q865,520 850,505Q835,490 835,468L835,468ZM627,338Q627,446 699.5,522Q772,598 874,598Q933,598 975,560Q1017,522 1017,468Q1017,414 979,376Q941,338 887,338Q833,338 795,376Q757,414 757,468Q738,445 728,411.5Q718,378 718,338Q718,239 788.5,147Q859,55 978,0L835,0Q738,56 682.5,146.5Q627,237 627,338L627,338ZM274,484Q274,499 284.5,509.5Q295,520 310,520Q325,520 335.5,509.5Q346,499 346,484Q346,469 335.5,458.5Q325,448 310,448Q295,448 284.5,458.5Q274,469 274,484L274,484ZM274,16Q274,31 284.5,41.5Q295,52 310,52Q325,52 335.5,41.5Q346,31 346,16Q346,1 335.5,-9.5Q325,-20 310,-20Q295,-20 284.5,-9.5Q274,1 274,16L274,16ZM40,250Q40,265 50.5,275.5Q61,286 76,286Q91,286 101.5,275.5Q112,265 112,250Q112,235 101.5,224.5Q91,214 76,214Q61,214 50.5,224.5Q40,235 40,250L40,250ZM508,250Q508,265 518.5,275.5Q529,286 544,286Q559,286 569.5,275.5Q580,265 580,250Q580,235 569.5,224.5Q559,214 544,214Q529,214 518.5,224.5Q508,235 508,250L508,250ZM72,133Q72,148 82.5,158.5Q93,169 108,169Q123,169 133.5,158.5Q144,148 144,133Q144,118 133.5,107.5Q123,97 108,97Q93,97 82.5,107.5Q72,118 72,133L72,133ZM477,367Q477,382 487.5,392.5Q498,403 513,403Q528,403 538.5,392.5Q549,382 549,367Q549,352 538.5,341.5Q528,331 513,331Q498,331 487.5,341.5Q477,352 477,367L477,367ZM391,453Q391,468 401.5,478.5Q412,489 427,489Q442,489 452.5,478.5Q463,468 463,453Q463,438 452.5,427.5Q442,417 427,417Q412,417 401.5,427.5Q391,438 391,453L391,453ZM157,48Q157,63 167.5,73.5Q178,84 193,84Q208,84 218.5,73.5Q229,63 229,48Q229,33 218.5,22Q208,11 193,11Q178,11 167.5,22Q157,33 157,48L157,48ZM72,367Q72,382 82.5,392.5Q93,403 108,403Q123,403 133.5,392.5Q144,382 144,367Q144,352 133.5,341.5Q123,331 108,331Q93,331 82.5,341.5Q72,352 72,367L72,367ZM477,133Q477,148 487.5,158.5Q498,169 513,169Q528,169 538.5,158.5Q549,148 549,133Q549,118 538.5,107.5Q528,97 513,97Q498,97 487.5,107.5Q477,118 477,133L477,133ZM157,453Q157,468 167.5,478.5Q178,489 193,489Q208,489 218.5,478.5Q229,468 229,453Q229,438 218.5,427.5Q208,417 193,417Q178,417 167.5,427.5Q157,438 157,453L157,453ZM391,48Q391,63 401.5,73.5Q412,84 427,84Q442,84 452.5,73.5Q463,63 463,48Q463,33 452.5,22Q442,11 427,11Q412,11 401.5,22Q391,33 391,48L391,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ೇ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CC7 ◌ೇ KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE</span></span> should it be necessary for processing. Likewise, U+0CD6 <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CD6 ◌ೖ KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1103 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M677,48Q677,37 684.5,29.5Q692,22 703,22Q714,22 721.5,29.5Q729,37 729,48Q729,59 721.5,66.5Q714,74 703,74Q692,74 684.5,66.5Q677,59 677,48L677,48ZM566,3Q566,59 602.5,99Q639,139 690,139Q733,139 763.5,112.5Q794,86 794,48Q794,10 767.5,-16.5Q741,-43 703,-43Q682,-43 664.5,-28.5Q647,-14 638,9Q638,-50 676,-92Q714,-134 768,-134Q822,-134 860,-97.5Q898,-61 898,-10Q898,33 882.5,72Q867,111 839,139Q870,165 887,196Q904,227 904,257Q904,288 894,315Q884,342 865,361L930,393Q952,366 964,331Q976,296 976,257Q976,220 964,187.5Q952,155 930,133Q952,106 964,67.5Q976,29 976,-17Q976,-98 915,-155Q854,-212 768,-212Q684,-212 625,-149Q566,-86 566,3L566,3ZM274,484Q274,499 284.5,509.5Q295,520 310,520Q325,520 335.5,509.5Q346,499 346,484Q346,469 335.5,458.5Q325,448 310,448Q295,448 284.5,458.5Q274,469 274,484L274,484ZM274,16Q274,31 284.5,41.5Q295,52 310,52Q325,52 335.5,41.5Q346,31 346,16Q346,1 335.5,-9.5Q325,-20 310,-20Q295,-20 284.5,-9.5Q274,1 274,16L274,16ZM40,250Q40,265 50.5,275.5Q61,286 76,286Q91,286 101.5,275.5Q112,265 112,250Q112,235 101.5,224.5Q91,214 76,214Q61,214 50.5,224.5Q40,235 40,250L40,250ZM508,250Q508,265 518.5,275.5Q529,286 544,286Q559,286 569.5,275.5Q580,265 580,250Q580,235 569.5,224.5Q559,214 544,214Q529,214 518.5,224.5Q508,235 508,250L508,250ZM72,133Q72,148 82.5,158.5Q93,169 108,169Q123,169 133.5,158.5Q144,148 144,133Q144,118 133.5,107.5Q123,97 108,97Q93,97 82.5,107.5Q72,118 72,133L72,133ZM477,367Q477,382 487.5,392.5Q498,403 513,403Q528,403 538.5,392.5Q549,382 549,367Q549,352 538.5,341.5Q528,331 513,331Q498,331 487.5,341.5Q477,352 477,367L477,367ZM391,453Q391,468 401.5,478.5Q412,489 427,489Q442,489 452.5,478.5Q463,468 463,453Q463,438 452.5,427.5Q442,417 427,417Q412,417 401.5,427.5Q391,438 391,453L391,453ZM157,48Q157,63 167.5,73.5Q178,84 193,84Q208,84 218.5,73.5Q229,63 229,48Q229,33 218.5,22Q208,11 193,11Q178,11 167.5,22Q157,33 157,48L157,48ZM72,367Q72,382 82.5,392.5Q93,403 108,403Q123,403 133.5,392.5Q144,382 144,367Q144,352 133.5,341.5Q123,331 108,331Q93,331 82.5,341.5Q72,352 72,367L72,367ZM477,133Q477,148 487.5,158.5Q498,169 513,169Q528,169 538.5,158.5Q549,148 549,133Q549,118 538.5,107.5Q528,97 513,97Q498,97 487.5,107.5Q477,118 477,133L477,133ZM157,453Q157,468 167.5,478.5Q178,489 193,489Q208,489 218.5,478.5Q229,468 229,453Q229,438 218.5,427.5Q208,417 193,417Q178,417 167.5,427.5Q157,438 157,453L157,453ZM391,48Q391,63 401.5,73.5Q412,84 427,84Q442,84 452.5,73.5Q463,63 463,48Q463,33 452.5,22Q442,11 427,11Q412,11 401.5,22Q391,33 391,48L391,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ೖ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CD6 ◌ೖ KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK</span></span> is provided as an encoding for the right side of the two-part vowel U+0CC8 <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CC8 ◌ೈ KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1103 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M102,547L102,625L434,625Q472,625 498.5,648Q525,671 525,703Q525,730 506,749Q487,768 460,768Q448,768 439,764.5Q430,761 428,755Q445,752 456,737.5Q467,723 467,703Q467,681 449.5,666Q432,651 408,651Q381,651 362,674Q343,697 343,729Q343,777 377.5,811.5Q412,846 460,846Q519,846 561,804Q603,762 603,703Q603,638 553.5,592.5Q504,547 434,547L102,547L102,547ZM677,48Q677,37 684.5,29.5Q692,22 703,22Q714,22 721.5,29.5Q729,37 729,48Q729,59 721.5,66.5Q714,74 703,74Q692,74 684.5,66.5Q677,59 677,48L677,48ZM566,3Q566,59 602.5,99Q639,139 690,139Q733,139 763.5,112.5Q794,86 794,48Q794,10 767.5,-16.5Q741,-43 703,-43Q682,-43 664.5,-28.5Q647,-14 638,9Q638,-50 676,-92Q714,-134 768,-134Q822,-134 860,-97.5Q898,-61 898,-10Q898,33 882.5,72Q867,111 839,139Q870,165 887,196Q904,227 904,257Q904,288 894,315Q884,342 865,361L930,393Q952,366 964,331Q976,296 976,257Q976,220 964,187.5Q952,155 930,133Q952,106 964,67.5Q976,29 976,-17Q976,-98 915,-155Q854,-212 768,-212Q684,-212 625,-149Q566,-86 566,3L566,3ZM274,484Q274,499 284.5,509.5Q295,520 310,520Q325,520 335.5,509.5Q346,499 346,484Q346,469 335.5,458.5Q325,448 310,448Q295,448 284.5,458.5Q274,469 274,484L274,484ZM274,16Q274,31 284.5,41.5Q295,52 310,52Q325,52 335.5,41.5Q346,31 346,16Q346,1 335.5,-9.5Q325,-20 310,-20Q295,-20 284.5,-9.5Q274,1 274,16L274,16ZM40,250Q40,265 50.5,275.5Q61,286 76,286Q91,286 101.5,275.5Q112,265 112,250Q112,235 101.5,224.5Q91,214 76,214Q61,214 50.5,224.5Q40,235 40,250L40,250ZM508,250Q508,265 518.5,275.5Q529,286 544,286Q559,286 569.5,275.5Q580,265 580,250Q580,235 569.5,224.5Q559,214 544,214Q529,214 518.5,224.5Q508,235 508,250L508,250ZM72,133Q72,148 82.5,158.5Q93,169 108,169Q123,169 133.5,158.5Q144,148 144,133Q144,118 133.5,107.5Q123,97 108,97Q93,97 82.5,107.5Q72,118 72,133L72,133ZM477,367Q477,382 487.5,392.5Q498,403 513,403Q528,403 538.5,392.5Q549,382 549,367Q549,352 538.5,341.5Q528,331 513,331Q498,331 487.5,341.5Q477,352 477,367L477,367ZM391,453Q391,468 401.5,478.5Q412,489 427,489Q442,489 452.5,478.5Q463,468 463,453Q463,438 452.5,427.5Q442,417 427,417Q412,417 401.5,427.5Q391,438 391,453L391,453ZM157,48Q157,63 167.5,73.5Q178,84 193,84Q208,84 218.5,73.5Q229,63 229,48Q229,33 218.5,22Q208,11 193,11Q178,11 167.5,22Q157,33 157,48L157,48ZM72,367Q72,382 82.5,392.5Q93,403 108,403Q123,403 133.5,392.5Q144,382 144,367Q144,352 133.5,341.5Q123,331 108,331Q93,331 82.5,341.5Q72,352 72,367L72,367ZM477,133Q477,148 487.5,158.5Q498,169 513,169Q528,169 538.5,158.5Q549,148 549,133Q549,118 538.5,107.5Q528,97 513,97Q498,97 487.5,107.5Q477,118 477,133L477,133ZM157,453Q157,468 167.5,478.5Q178,489 193,489Q208,489 218.5,478.5Q229,468 229,453Q229,438 218.5,427.5Q208,417 193,417Q178,417 167.5,427.5Q157,438 157,453L157,453ZM391,48Q391,63 401.5,73.5Q412,84 427,84Q442,84 452.5,73.5Q463,63 463,48Q463,33 452.5,22Q442,11 427,11Q412,11 401.5,22Q391,33 391,48L391,48Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ೈ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CC8 ◌ೈ KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI</span></span>. The Kannada two-part vowels actually consist of a nonspacing element above the consonant letter and one or more spacing elements to the right of the consonant letter. These two length marks have no independent existence in the Kannada writing system and do not play any part as independent codes in the traditional collation order.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30640" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30640" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Kannada Letter LLLA.</span></span> U+0CDE <span title="U+0CDE ೞ KANNADA LETTER FA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 620 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M557,250Q559,161 523,88Q480,0 406,-1Q321,-2 279,98Q238,-2 152,-1Q79,0 37,88Q3,160 4,250Q5,336 28,393Q60,474 133,474Q224,474 224,346Q224,255 133,257Q103,258 82,289Q64,314 58,348Q38,303 38,240Q38,193 70,145Q107,90 162,89Q209,88 241,136Q259,163 279,225Q300,163 318,136Q350,88 396,89Q452,90 490,145Q523,192 523,240Q523,304 501,348Q485,258 426,257Q336,255 336,346Q336,474 426,474Q498,474 532,393Q555,336 557,250ZM469,366Q469,382 461,392Q437,409 416,409Q399,409 384.5,395Q370,381 370,364Q370,319 426,319Q444,319 456.5,333Q469,347 469,366ZM189,364Q189,381 174.5,395Q160,409 143,409Q120,409 100,392Q91,382 91,367Q91,347 102.5,333Q114,319 133,319Q189,319 189,364Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ೞ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CDE ೞ KANNADA LETTER FA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER FA</span></span> is actually an archaic Kannada letter that is transliterated in Dravidian scholarship as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-159gden">ẓ</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-15ayv1z">ḻ</i>, or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-15cplsn">ṛ</i>. This form should have been named “<span class="svelte-qd2acw">LLLA</span>”, rather than “<span class="svelte-qd2acw">FA</span>”, so the name in this standard is simply a mistake. A formal name alias <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER LLLA</span> has been added to the Unicode Character Database for this character, to clarify its identity. Collations should treat U+0CDE as following <span title="U+0CB3 ಳ KANNADA LETTER LLA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CB3 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER LLA</span></span>.</p> <p>The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-zmtbbh">letter llla</i> has not been actively used in writing the Kannada language since the end of the tenth century. However, the letter does have modern use in writing the closely related Badaga language. Badaga is noteworthy for having distinct retroflexion in its vowel system, and a subjoined form of U+0CDE is often seen in Badaga written documents, to indicate retroflexed pronunciation of the vowel in a syllable. This subjoined form of U+0CDE may occur below consonants, but it also may be subjoined to an independent vowel, to indicate retroflexion of that vowel. In either case, the subjoined form of U+0CDE should be represented by a sequence including <span title="U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CCD <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>. Implementations of the Kannada script need to be aware that these sequences involving independent vowels followed by virama and U+0CDE are valid and required in orthographies for Badaga. Examples of the use of subjoined U+0CDE to indicate retroflexion, both for independent vowel letters and for dependent vowels, are shown in <a href="#G701836" class="svelte-elgdv8">Figure 12-29</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G701836" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701836" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Figure 12-29.</span> Indicating Retroflexion in Badaga Vowels</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><img src="../figures/Badaga-Retroflexion.svg" alt="" style="width: 14.92em;"></div> </figure> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G30452" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30452" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.8.3 Rendering Kannada</span> </h3> <p>Plain text in Kannada is generally stored in phonetic order; that is, a <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">CV</span> syllable with a dependent vowel is always encoded as a consonant letter <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">C</span> followed by a vowel sign <span class="svelte-q8xmtw">V</span> in the memory representation. This order is employed by the ISCII standard and corresponds to the phonetic and keying order of textual data.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30462" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30462" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Explicit Virama (Halant).</span></span> Normally, a halant character creates dead consonants, which in turn combine with subsequent consonants to form conjuncts. This behavior usually results in a halant sign not being depicted visually. Occasionally, this default behavior is not desired when a dead consonant should be excluded from conjunct formation, in which case the halant sign is visibly rendered. To accomplish this, <span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER" class="svelte-wim892">U+200C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER</span></span> is introduced immediately after the encoded dead consonant that is to be excluded from conjunct formation. See <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>, for examples.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G695320" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G695320" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowelless NA.</span></span> A special form, <span title="U+0CDD ೝ KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 579 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M104,426Q76,442 63,467Q50,492 50,519Q50,577 92,619Q134,661 193,661L547,661L547,583L194,583Q168,583 148.5,564.5Q129,546 129,519Q129,493 143,475Q157,457 176,457L382,457L382,379L194,379Q168,379 148.5,360.5Q129,342 129,315Q129,289 143,271Q157,253 176,253L382,253L382,175L178,175Q158,175 143.5,161Q129,147 129,122Q129,96 143,82Q157,68 176,68L382,68L382,-10L174,-10Q121,0 85.5,35Q50,70 50,122Q50,156 63,180Q76,204 99,217L99,222Q76,238 63,263Q50,288 50,315Q50,373 92,415L104,426Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ೝ</span></span></span>, of a vowelless <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i> appears in older Kannada texts, distinct from the usual form of the vowelless <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i> in modern texts: <span title="U+0CA8 ನ KANNADA LETTER NA U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 990 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M561,260Q561,362 488.5,434.5Q416,507 314,507L48,507L48,585L678,585Q684,657 731,705.5Q778,754 841,754Q881,754 915,729Q949,704 964,663L906,624Q892,648 874.5,662Q857,676 841,676Q809,676 786,649.5Q763,623 763,585L802,585Q856,585 894,547Q932,509 932,455Q932,401 894,363Q856,325 802,325Q748,325 710,369Q672,413 672,475L672,507L534,507Q590,454 621,390Q652,326 652,260Q652,152 597,76Q542,0 464,0Q408,0 362,55Q316,110 301,195Q291,251 263.5,288Q236,325 204,325Q177,325 158,294.5Q139,264 139,221Q139,145 166.5,83Q194,21 243,-13L171,-65Q113,-16 80.5,59Q48,134 48,221Q48,302 93.5,359Q139,416 204,416Q269,416 322,353.5Q375,291 392,195Q400,150 420.5,120.5Q441,91 464,91Q504,91 532.5,140.5Q561,190 561,260ZM750,475Q750,445 765,424Q780,403 802,403Q824,403 839,422Q854,441 854,468Q854,484 839,495.5Q824,507 802,507L750,507L750,475Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ನ್</span></span></span>. The historic form is represented by a separate character, <span title="U+0CDD ೝ KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CDD <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU</span></span>. This character is named after the analogous Telugu form, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-ossb4f">nakāra-pollu</i>, because there is no conventional term for this form in Kannada. Prior to Unicode 14.0, these two forms were treated as glyphic variants of <<span title="U+0CA8 ನ KANNADA LETTER NA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CA8 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER NA</span></span>, <span title="U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CCD <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>>, handled at the font level.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30465" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30465" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Consonant Clusters Involving RA.</span></span> Whenever a consonant cluster is formed with the U+0CB0 <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 504 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,502Q496,450 461.5,413Q427,376 375,376L358,376Q443,325 443,205Q443,114 378.5,53Q314,-8 223,-8Q134,-8 70,54.5Q6,117 6,205Q6,305 104,374L6,374L6,456L385,456Q408,456 428.5,476.5Q449,497 449,520Q449,551 388,598L437,598Q461,585 478.5,557Q496,529 496,502ZM388,234Q388,294 334,336Q285,374 223,374Q162,374 113,335Q60,294 60,234Q60,167 108,125Q156,83 223,83Q284,83 336,128.5Q388,174 388,234Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ರ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA LETTER RA</span></span> as the first component of the consonant cluster, the letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> is depicted with two different presentation forms: one as the initial element and the other as the final display element of the consonant cluster.</p> <blockquote><p>U+0CB0 <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 504 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,502Q496,450 461.5,413Q427,376 375,376L358,376Q443,325 443,205Q443,114 378.5,53Q314,-8 223,-8Q134,-8 70,54.5Q6,117 6,205Q6,305 104,374L6,374L6,456L385,456Q408,456 428.5,476.5Q449,497 449,520Q449,551 388,598L437,598Q461,585 478.5,557Q496,529 496,502ZM388,234Q388,294 334,336Q285,374 223,374Q162,374 113,335Q60,294 60,234Q60,167 108,125Q156,83 223,83Q284,83 336,128.5Q388,174 388,234Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ರ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + U+0CCD <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1013 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M978,441L959,432Q913,500 839,500Q769,500 744,456L770,456Q822,456 851.5,420.5Q881,385 881,332Q881,281 856,250Q830,215 780,215Q688,215 688,348Q688,353 689,362L689,376L462,376L462,456L704,456Q717,505 753,534Q789,563 839,563Q907,563 937.5,535Q968,507 978,441ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM846,332Q845,376 780,376L724,376L724,351Q724,286 780,286Q804,286 823,297Q847,309 846,332Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ್</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lyr7l6">halant</i> + U+0C95 <span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 390 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M390,502Q390,450 355.5,413Q321,376 269,376L221,376Q222,368 222,358Q222,343 215,328L361,328L361,250L285,250Q341,197 341,139Q341,76 292.5,34Q244,-8 180,-8Q121,-8 76,31.5Q31,71 31,129Q31,202 85,250L2,250L2,328L141,328Q154,328 166,336.5Q178,345 178,358Q178,374 160,374L2,374L2,456L279,456Q302,456 322.5,476.5Q343,497 343,520Q343,551 282,598L331,598Q354,585 372,557Q390,529 390,502ZM287,167Q288,203 251,229Q217,252 180,251Q140,250 112.5,223.5Q85,197 85,157Q85,126 116.5,99.5Q148,73 180,73Q219,73 252.5,101Q286,129 287,167Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> → <span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 883 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M390,502Q390,450 355.5,413Q321,376 269,376L221,376Q222,368 222,358Q222,343 215,328L361,328L361,250L285,250Q341,197 341,139Q341,76 292.5,34Q244,-8 180,-8Q121,-8 76,31.5Q31,71 31,129Q31,202 85,250L2,250L2,328L141,328Q154,328 166,336.5Q178,345 178,358Q178,374 160,374L2,374L2,456L279,456Q302,456 322.5,476.5Q343,497 343,520Q343,551 282,598L331,598Q354,585 372,557Q390,529 390,502ZM287,167Q288,203 251,229Q217,252 180,251Q140,250 112.5,223.5Q85,197 85,157Q85,126 116.5,99.5Q148,73 180,73Q219,73 252.5,101Q286,129 287,167Z" /><path transform="translate(390)" d="M431,375L135,375Q68,375 68,301Q68,283 87,269Q106,255 125,255L265,255L265,174L115,174Q92,174 73,155Q54,136 53,113Q52,94 75,79Q95,65 115,65L145,65L145,-8L115,-8Q65,-8 35,21.5Q5,51 4,101Q3,173 86,217Q4,263 4,339Q4,392 44,425Q81,456 135,456L431,456L431,375Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕಕ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cv1034">rka</i></p> <p>U+0CB0 <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 504 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,502Q496,450 461.5,413Q427,376 375,376L358,376Q443,325 443,205Q443,114 378.5,53Q314,-8 223,-8Q134,-8 70,54.5Q6,117 6,205Q6,305 104,374L6,374L6,456L385,456Q408,456 428.5,476.5Q449,497 449,520Q449,551 388,598L437,598Q461,585 478.5,557Q496,529 496,502ZM388,234Q388,294 334,336Q285,374 223,374Q162,374 113,335Q60,294 60,234Q60,167 108,125Q156,83 223,83Q284,83 336,128.5Q388,174 388,234Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ರ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> + <span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span> + U+0CCD <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1013 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M978,441L959,432Q913,500 839,500Q769,500 744,456L770,456Q822,456 851.5,420.5Q881,385 881,332Q881,281 856,250Q830,215 780,215Q688,215 688,348Q688,353 689,362L689,376L462,376L462,456L704,456Q717,505 753,534Q789,563 839,563Q907,563 937.5,535Q968,507 978,441ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM846,332Q845,376 780,376L724,376L724,351Q724,286 780,286Q804,286 823,297Q847,309 846,332Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ್</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lyr7l6">halant</i> + U+0C95 <span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 390 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M390,502Q390,450 355.5,413Q321,376 269,376L221,376Q222,368 222,358Q222,343 215,328L361,328L361,250L285,250Q341,197 341,139Q341,76 292.5,34Q244,-8 180,-8Q121,-8 76,31.5Q31,71 31,129Q31,202 85,250L2,250L2,328L141,328Q154,328 166,336.5Q178,345 178,358Q178,374 160,374L2,374L2,456L279,456Q302,456 322.5,476.5Q343,497 343,520Q343,551 282,598L331,598Q354,585 372,557Q390,529 390,502ZM287,167Q288,203 251,229Q217,252 180,251Q140,250 112.5,223.5Q85,197 85,157Q85,126 116.5,99.5Q148,73 180,73Q219,73 252.5,101Q286,129 287,167Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> → <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 574 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,502Q496,450 461.5,413Q427,376 375,376L358,376Q443,325 443,205Q443,114 378.5,53Q314,-8 223,-8Q134,-8 70,54.5Q6,117 6,205Q6,305 104,374L6,374L6,456L385,456Q408,456 428.5,476.5Q449,497 449,520Q449,551 388,598L437,598Q461,585 478.5,557Q496,529 496,502ZM388,234Q388,294 334,336Q285,374 223,374Q162,374 113,335Q60,294 60,234Q60,167 108,125Q156,83 223,83Q284,83 336,128.5Q388,174 388,234Z" /><path transform="translate(504)" d="M110,-114L38,-114Q81,-150 81,-204Q81,-256 47.5,-284.5Q14,-313 -40,-313Q-85,-313 -118,-282Q-151,-251 -151,-206Q-151,-149 -113,-114L-190,-114L-190,-49L-51,-49Q-12,-3 -12,43Q-12,82 -26,115L-2,136Q41,110 41,53Q41,3 -2,-49L110,-49L110,-114ZM27,-186Q27,-157 8,-137Q-11,-117 -40,-117Q-67,-117 -82,-137.5Q-97,-158 -97,-186Q-97,-209 -80,-225Q-63,-241 -40,-241Q-15,-241 6,-225.5Q27,-210 27,-186Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ರಕ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cv1034">rka</i></p> <p>U+0C95 <span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 390 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M390,502Q390,450 355.5,413Q321,376 269,376L221,376Q222,368 222,358Q222,343 215,328L361,328L361,250L285,250Q341,197 341,139Q341,76 292.5,34Q244,-8 180,-8Q121,-8 76,31.5Q31,71 31,129Q31,202 85,250L2,250L2,328L141,328Q154,328 166,336.5Q178,345 178,358Q178,374 160,374L2,374L2,456L279,456Q302,456 322.5,476.5Q343,497 343,520Q343,551 282,598L331,598Q354,585 372,557Q390,529 390,502ZM287,167Q288,203 251,229Q217,252 180,251Q140,250 112.5,223.5Q85,197 85,157Q85,126 116.5,99.5Q148,73 180,73Q219,73 252.5,101Q286,129 287,167Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etmsyc">ka</i> + U+0CCD <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1013 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M978,441L959,432Q913,500 839,500Q769,500 744,456L770,456Q822,456 851.5,420.5Q881,385 881,332Q881,281 856,250Q830,215 780,215Q688,215 688,348Q688,353 689,362L689,376L462,376L462,456L704,456Q717,505 753,534Q789,563 839,563Q907,563 937.5,535Q968,507 978,441ZM454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM846,332Q845,376 780,376L724,376L724,351Q724,286 780,286Q804,286 823,297Q847,309 846,332Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ್</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-lyr7l6">halant</i> + U+0CB0 <span title="U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 504 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M496,502Q496,450 461.5,413Q427,376 375,376L358,376Q443,325 443,205Q443,114 378.5,53Q314,-8 223,-8Q134,-8 70,54.5Q6,117 6,205Q6,305 104,374L6,374L6,456L385,456Q408,456 428.5,476.5Q449,497 449,520Q449,551 388,598L437,598Q461,585 478.5,557Q496,529 496,502ZM388,234Q388,294 334,336Q285,374 223,374Q162,374 113,335Q60,294 60,234Q60,167 108,125Q156,83 223,83Q284,83 336,128.5Q388,174 388,234Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ರ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> → <span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 390 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M390,502Q390,450 355.5,413Q321,376 269,376L221,376Q222,368 222,358Q222,343 215,328L361,328L361,250L285,250Q341,197 341,139Q341,76 292.5,34Q244,-8 180,-8Q121,-8 76,31.5Q31,71 31,129Q31,202 85,250L2,250L2,328L141,328Q154,328 166,336.5Q178,345 178,358Q178,374 160,374L2,374L2,456L279,456Q302,456 322.5,476.5Q343,497 343,520Q343,551 282,598L331,598Q354,585 372,557Q390,529 390,502ZM287,167Q288,203 251,229Q217,252 180,251Q140,250 112.5,223.5Q85,197 85,157Q85,126 116.5,99.5Q148,73 180,73Q219,73 252.5,101Q286,129 287,167Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕ</span></span></span><span title="U+0C95 ಕ KANNADA LETTER KA U+0CCD ◌್ KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA U+0CB0 ರ KANNADA LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 92 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M60,-31Q58,-134 -16,-188Q-81,-235 -188,-235Q-282,-235 -347,-193Q-420,-147 -436,-59L-403,-59Q-389,-119 -327,-149Q-277,-173 -208,-173Q-129,-173 -56,-136Q27,-94 27,-31Q27,17 -17,44Q-30,50 -30,64Q-30,87 -1,87Q11,87 15,84Q62,61 60,-31Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಕ್ರ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvl9jq">kra</i></p></blockquote> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G695652" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G695652" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Jihvamuliya and Upadhmaniya.</span></span> Voiceless velar and bilabial fricatives in Kannada are represented by <span title="U+0CF1 ೱ KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CF1 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA</span></span> and <span title="U+0CF2 ೲ KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0CF2 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA</span></span>, respectively. When the signs appear with a following homorganic voiceless stop consonant, the combination should be rendered in the font as a stacked ligature, without a virama:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Figure-Kannada-Jivhamuliya1.svg" alt="" style="width: 21.00em;"> </figure> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-i1ovan">Dependent vowels signs can also be added to the stack:</p> <figure class="scrollable svelte-uh0xhw"><img src="../figures/Figure-Kannada-Jivhamuliya2.svg" alt="" style="width: 29.55em;"> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697314" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697314" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Modifier Mark Rules.</span></span> In addition to the vowel signs, one or more types of combining marks may be applied to a component of a written syllable or the syllable as a whole. If the consonant represents a dead consonant, then the nukta should precede the halant in the memory representation. The nukta is represented by a double-dot mark, U+0CBC <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0CBC ◌಼ KANNADA SIGN NUKTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 500 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M454,359Q464,341 446,331Q428,321 418,339Q407,357 425,367Q443,377 454,359ZM375,417Q365,399 347,410Q329,420 339,438Q350,456 368,445Q386,435 375,417ZM271,456Q271,436 250,436Q229,436 229,456Q229,477 250,477Q271,477 271,456ZM485,242Q485,221 464,221Q444,221 444,242Q444,262 464,262Q485,262 485,242ZM161,438Q171,420 153,410Q135,399 125,417Q114,435 132,445Q150,456 161,438ZM454,124Q443,106 425,117Q407,127 418,145Q428,163 446,152Q464,142 454,124ZM375,66Q386,48 368,38Q350,28 339,46Q329,64 347,74Q365,84 375,66ZM82,339Q72,321 54,331Q36,341 46,359Q57,377 75,367Q93,357 82,339ZM464,-101Q464,-129 441.5,-147.5Q419,-166 390,-166Q361,-166 341,-148Q321,-130 321,-101Q321,-75 342.5,-56.5Q364,-38 390,-38Q417,-38 440.5,-56.5Q464,-75 464,-101ZM271,27Q271,7 250,7Q229,7 229,27Q229,48 250,48Q271,48 271,27ZM56,242Q56,221 36,221Q15,221 15,242Q15,262 36,262Q56,262 56,242ZM82,145Q93,127 75,117Q57,106 46,124Q36,142 54,152Q72,163 82,145ZM161,46Q150,28 132,38Q114,48 125,66Q135,84 153,74Q171,64 161,46ZM179,-101Q179,-129 156.5,-147.5Q134,-166 105,-166Q76,-166 56,-148Q36,-130 36,-101Q36,-75 57.5,-56.5Q79,-38 105,-38Q132,-38 155.5,-56.5Q179,-75 179,-101Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ಼</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CBC ◌಼ KANNADA SIGN NUKTA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN NUKTA</span></span>. Two such modified consonants are used in the Kannada language: one representing the syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etvn5b">za</i> and one representing the syllable <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etckej">fa</i>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30489" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30489" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Avagraha Sign.</span></span> A spacing mark, U+0CBD <span title="U+0CBD ಽ KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 373 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M386,539L217,539Q104,539 104,488Q104,461 141,423Q150,415 201,373Q268,317 295,287Q348,227 348,174Q348,118 310,84Q272,50 216,50Q122,50 28,156L41,175Q133,111 185,111Q224,111 252.5,138Q281,165 281,205Q281,270 161,374Q114,415 100,431Q69,468 69,506Q69,558 113,585Q150,608 205,608L386,608L386,539Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ಽ</span></span></span> <span title="U+0CBD ಽ KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA" class="svelte-wim892"><span class="svelte-qd2acw">KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA</span></span>, is used when rendering Sanskrit texts.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G30549" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G30549" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> Danda and double danda marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with this script are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> <h2 class="svelte-eb0t5v"><span id="G22346" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G22346" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.9 Malayalam</span> </h2> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G664887" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664887" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.9.1 Malayalam: U+0D00–U+0D7F</span> </h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1jr7a3a">The Malayalam script is a South Indian script used to write the Malayalam language of the Kerala state. Malayalam is a Dravidian language like Kannada, Tamil, and Telugu. Throughout its history, it has absorbed words from Tamil, Sanskrit, Arabic, and English.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-xo0nmk">The shapes of Malayalam letters closely resemble those of Tamil. Malayalam, however, has a very full and complex set of conjunct consonant forms.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G664889" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G664889" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Vowel Letters.</span></span> Vowel letters are encoded atomically in Unicode, even if they can be analyzed visually as consisting of multiple parts. <a href="#G697643" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-32</a> shows the letters that can be analyzed, the single code point that should be used to represent them in text, and the sequence of code points resulting from analysis that should not be used.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G697643" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697643" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-32.</span> Malayalam Vowel Letters</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-k8jyho"><th>For</th> <th>Use</th> <th>Do Not Use</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D08 ഈ MALAYALAM LETTER II"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1617 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M122,211Q122,172 146,144.5Q170,117 204,117Q238,117 262,144.5Q286,172 286,211Q286,250 262,277Q238,304 204,304Q170,304 146,277Q122,250 122,211ZM40,281Q40,407 112,496Q184,585 286,585Q353,585 409.5,553.5Q466,522 497,468Q528,522 578.5,553.5Q629,585 684,585Q786,585 858,494Q930,403 930,274Q930,122 834,14Q738,-94 602,-94L181,-94Q152,-94 131.5,-114.5Q111,-135 111,-164Q111,-193 131.5,-213.5Q152,-234 181,-234L930,-234L930,-304L181,-304Q123,-304 81.5,-259.5Q40,-215 40,-152Q40,-99 81.5,-61Q123,-23 181,-23L602,-23Q708,-23 783.5,64Q859,151 859,274Q859,374 807.5,444.5Q756,515 684,515Q621,515 576.5,456.5Q532,398 532,316L532,94L462,94L462,316Q462,398 410.5,456.5Q359,515 286,515Q216,515 163.5,459Q111,403 104,321Q125,346 151.5,360Q178,374 204,374Q267,374 311.5,326.5Q356,279 356,211Q356,143 311.5,95Q267,47 204,47Q136,47 88,115.5Q40,184 40,281ZM978,386Q978,468 1029.5,526.5Q1081,585 1153,585Q1187,585 1218,564.5Q1249,544 1270,508Q1291,544 1322,564.5Q1353,585 1387,585Q1460,585 1511.5,526.5Q1563,468 1563,386L1563,234Q1563,137 1510,68.5Q1457,0 1382,0Q1312,0 1262,51.5Q1212,103 1212,176L1212,234L1282,234L1282,176Q1282,132 1311.5,101Q1341,70 1382,70Q1428,70 1460,118Q1492,166 1492,234L1492,386Q1492,439 1461,477Q1430,515 1387,515Q1353,515 1329,477Q1305,439 1305,386L1305,328L1235,328L1235,386Q1235,439 1211,477Q1187,515 1153,515Q1110,515 1079,477Q1048,439 1048,386L1048,328L978,328L978,386Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഈ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-l29ff6">0D08</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-xw1gm6"><0D07, 0D57></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D0A ഊ MALAYALAM LETTER UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1355 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M120,211Q120,167 151,136Q182,105 225,105Q268,105 299,136Q330,167 330,211Q330,257 299,289Q268,321 225,321Q182,321 151,289Q120,257 120,211ZM38,263Q38,396 123.5,490.5Q209,585 330,585Q466,585 562,482Q658,379 658,234Q658,98 572,2Q486,-94 365,-94L166,-94Q132,-94 108.5,-114.5Q85,-135 85,-164Q85,-193 108.5,-213.5Q132,-234 166,-234L693,-234L693,-304L166,-304Q103,-304 58.5,-263Q14,-222 14,-164Q14,-106 58.5,-64.5Q103,-23 166,-23L365,-23Q457,-23 522.5,52.5Q588,128 588,234Q588,350 512.5,432.5Q437,515 330,515Q245,515 183,461Q121,407 114,328Q133,360 162.5,379Q192,398 225,398Q297,398 348.5,343Q400,288 400,211Q400,138 348.5,86.5Q297,35 225,35Q148,35 93,102Q38,169 38,263ZM715,386Q715,468 766.5,526.5Q818,585 891,585Q925,585 956,564.5Q987,544 1008,508Q1029,544 1060,564.5Q1091,585 1125,585Q1197,585 1248.5,526.5Q1300,468 1300,386L1300,234Q1300,137 1247,68.5Q1194,0 1119,0Q1049,0 999,51.5Q949,103 949,176L949,234L1019,234L1019,176Q1019,132 1048.5,101Q1078,70 1119,70Q1165,70 1197.5,118Q1230,166 1230,234L1230,386Q1230,439 1199,477Q1168,515 1125,515Q1091,515 1067,477Q1043,439 1043,386L1043,328L972,328L972,386Q972,439 948.5,477Q925,515 891,515Q847,515 816,477Q785,439 785,386L785,328L715,328L715,386Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഊ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-yuipe1">0D0A</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-k6sw6c"><0D09, 0D57></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D10 ഐ MALAYALAM LETTER AI"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2010 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176ZM40,257Q40,393 129.5,489Q219,585 345,585Q471,585 560,496Q649,407 649,281Q649,193 615,116Q581,39 520,-12L468,36Q521,80 550,144.5Q579,209 579,281Q579,378 510.5,446.5Q442,515 345,515Q248,515 179.5,448Q111,381 111,286Q125,316 156.5,333.5Q188,351 228,351Q296,351 343.5,299.5Q391,248 391,176Q391,103 343.5,51.5Q296,0 228,0Q150,0 95,75.5Q40,151 40,257ZM698,222Q698,324 764,396Q830,468 923,468Q1016,468 1082,396Q1148,324 1148,222Q1148,182 1133,143Q1118,104 1089,70L1253,70Q1253,283 1359.5,434Q1466,585 1616,585Q1761,585 1864,448Q1967,311 1967,117Q1967,-31 1913.5,-147Q1860,-263 1768,-316L1728,-269Q1806,-224 1851.5,-120.5Q1897,-17 1897,117Q1897,282 1814.5,398.5Q1732,515 1616,515Q1495,515 1409,384.5Q1323,254 1323,70L1581,75L1581,351L1651,356L1651,-140Q1651,-213 1606.5,-264.5Q1562,-316 1499,-316Q1397,-316 1325,-223.5Q1253,-131 1253,0L961,0L961,70Q1012,79 1045,122Q1078,165 1078,222Q1078,295 1033.5,346.5Q989,398 926,398Q861,398 814.5,346.5Q768,295 768,222Q768,166 794,122.5Q820,79 862,64L832,0Q772,22 735,83Q698,144 698,222ZM1323,0Q1323,-104 1374.5,-177.5Q1426,-251 1499,-251Q1533,-251 1557,-218.5Q1581,-186 1581,-140L1581,0L1323,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഐ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-16j6i2v">0D10</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1i8mka6"><0D0E, 0D46></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D13 ഓ MALAYALAM LETTER OO"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1214 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M118,176Q118,132 147,101Q176,70 217,70Q258,70 287.5,101Q317,132 317,176Q317,219 287.5,250Q258,281 217,281Q176,281 147,250Q118,219 118,176ZM42,246Q42,392 146.5,495Q251,598 399,598Q501,598 573,543Q645,488 645,410Q645,382 629.5,355Q614,328 586,309Q634,292 663,252Q692,212 692,164Q692,96 640.5,48Q589,0 516,0Q478,0 448.5,6Q419,12 399,23L423,94Q443,82 467,76Q491,70 516,70Q559,70 590,97.5Q621,125 621,164Q621,207 583.5,238Q546,269 493,269Q474,269 459,266Q444,263 434,257L434,328Q449,333 472.5,336Q496,339 528,339Q550,349 562.5,366.5Q575,384 575,403Q575,455 523.5,491.5Q472,528 399,528Q296,528 218.5,466Q141,404 124,309Q141,329 165.5,340Q190,351 217,351Q287,351 337,299.5Q387,248 387,176Q387,103 337,51.5Q287,0 217,0Q138,0 90,67Q42,134 42,246ZM750,377Q750,469 808.5,533.5Q867,598 949,598Q1041,598 1106,510.5Q1171,423 1171,299Q1171,175 1106,87.5Q1041,0 949,0Q867,0 808.5,61Q750,122 750,208L820,208Q820,151 858,110.5Q896,70 949,70Q1012,70 1056.5,137Q1101,204 1101,299Q1101,394 1056.5,461Q1012,528 949,528Q896,528 858,484Q820,440 820,377L750,377Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഓ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1uj8e8u">0D13</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-m3zhqk"><0D12, 0D3E></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D14 ഔ MALAYALAM LETTER AU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1382 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M118,176Q118,132 147,101Q176,70 217,70Q258,70 287.5,101Q317,132 317,176Q317,219 287.5,250Q258,281 217,281Q176,281 147,250Q118,219 118,176ZM42,246Q42,392 146.5,495Q251,598 399,598Q501,598 573,543Q645,488 645,410Q645,382 629.5,355Q614,328 586,309Q634,292 663,252Q692,212 692,164Q692,96 640.5,48Q589,0 516,0Q478,0 448.5,6Q419,12 399,23L423,94Q443,82 467,76Q491,70 516,70Q559,70 590,97.5Q621,125 621,164Q621,207 583.5,238Q546,269 493,269Q474,269 459,266Q444,263 434,257L434,328Q449,333 472.5,336Q496,339 528,339Q550,349 562.5,366.5Q575,384 575,403Q575,455 523.5,491.5Q472,528 399,528Q296,528 218.5,466Q141,404 124,309Q141,329 165.5,340Q190,351 217,351Q287,351 337,299.5Q387,248 387,176Q387,103 337,51.5Q287,0 217,0Q138,0 90,67Q42,134 42,246ZM738,412Q738,489 785.5,543.5Q833,598 901,598Q941,598 975.5,577.5Q1010,557 1031,521Q1052,557 1086.5,577.5Q1121,598 1161,598Q1228,598 1275.5,543.5Q1323,489 1323,412L1323,234Q1323,137 1270.5,68.5Q1218,0 1143,0Q1072,0 1022,51.5Q972,103 972,176L972,234L1043,234L1043,176Q1043,132 1072.5,101Q1102,70 1143,70Q1189,70 1221,118Q1253,166 1253,234L1253,412Q1253,460 1226,494Q1199,528 1160,528Q1121,528 1093.5,494Q1066,460 1066,412L1066,328L996,328L996,412Q996,460 968.5,494Q941,528 902,528Q863,528 836,494Q809,460 809,412L809,328L738,328L738,412Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഔ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1qjt4t7">0D14</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1j4mfps"><0D12, 0D57></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697686" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697686" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Two-Part Vowels.</span></span> The Malayalam script uses several two-part vowel characters. In modern times, the dominant practice is to write the dependent form of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1j3w5mg">au </i>vowel using only “<span title="U+0D57 ◌ൗ MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 667 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M26,373Q26,464 77.5,528Q129,592 202,592Q236,592 267,571.5Q298,551 319,515Q340,551 371,571.5Q402,592 436,592Q508,592 559.5,528Q611,464 611,373L611,221Q611,124 558,55.5Q505,-13 430,-13Q360,-13 310,38.5Q260,90 260,163L260,221L330,221L330,163Q330,119 359.5,88Q389,57 430,57Q476,57 508.5,105Q541,153 541,221L541,373Q541,434 510,477.5Q479,521 436,521Q402,521 378,477.5Q354,434 354,373L354,315L283,315L283,373Q283,434 259.5,477.5Q236,521 202,521Q158,521 127,477.5Q96,434 96,373L96,315L26,315L26,373L26,373Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൗ</span></span></span>”, which is placed on the right side of the consonant it modifies; such texts are represented in Unicode using <span title="U+0D57 ◌ൗ MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D57 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK</span></span>. In the past, this dependent form was written using both “<span title="U+0D46 ◌െ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 690 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176L134,176ZM40,257Q40,396 129.5,494Q219,592 345,592Q471,592 560,501Q649,410 649,281Q649,193 615,116Q581,39 520,-12L468,36Q521,80 550,144.5Q579,209 579,281Q579,380 510.5,450.5Q442,521 345,521Q248,521 179.5,452Q111,383 111,286Q125,316 156.5,333.5Q188,351 228,351Q296,351 343.5,299.5Q391,248 391,176Q391,103 343.5,51.5Q296,0 228,0Q150,0 95,75.5Q40,151 40,257L40,257Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">െ</span></span></span>” on the left side and “<span title="U+0D57 ◌ൗ MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 667 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M26,373Q26,464 77.5,528Q129,592 202,592Q236,592 267,571.5Q298,551 319,515Q340,551 371,571.5Q402,592 436,592Q508,592 559.5,528Q611,464 611,373L611,221Q611,124 558,55.5Q505,-13 430,-13Q360,-13 310,38.5Q260,90 260,163L260,221L330,221L330,163Q330,119 359.5,88Q389,57 430,57Q476,57 508.5,105Q541,153 541,221L541,373Q541,434 510,477.5Q479,521 436,521Q402,521 378,477.5Q354,434 354,373L354,315L283,315L283,373Q283,434 259.5,477.5Q236,521 202,521Q158,521 127,477.5Q96,434 96,373L96,315L26,315L26,373L26,373Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൗ</span></span></span>” on the right side; <span title="U+0D4C ◌ൌ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D4C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU</span></span> can be used for documents following this earlier tradition. This historical simplification started much earlier than the orthographic reforms mentioned in the text that follows.</p> <p>For a detailed discussion of the use of two-part vowels, see “Two-Part Vowels” in <a href="#G10162" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.6, Tamil</a>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697705" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697705" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Historic and Scholarly Characters.</span></span> <span title="U+0D5F ൟ MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D5F <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II</span></span> represents an earlier form for the vowel letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eowj82">ii</i>. Characters for the letters and signs of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1tbwzbp">vocalic rr</i>,<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ksnymf">vocalic l</i>, and<i data-svelte-h="svelte-13ic6z1">vocalic ll</i>, as well as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1f21a9">candrabindu</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1lf2j0n">avagraha</i>, are only used in Sanskrit texts. U+0D54..U+0D56 are rarely used <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms, found only in historical materials.</p> <p><span title="U+0D3B ◌഻ MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D3B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA</span></span> and <span title="U+0D3C ◌഼ MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D3C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA</span></span> are two specific forms of viramas found in historical materials. They were used to indicate a pure consonant in different orthographies. <span title="U+0D00 ◌ഀ MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D00 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE</span></span> is used in certain Prakrit texts, where the ordinary <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1avi8j5">anusvara</i> indicates gemination of the following consonant.</p> <p><span title="U+0D3A ഺ MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D3A <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA</span></span> and <span title="U+0D29 ഩ MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D29 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA</span></span> are used in scholarly orthographies for transcribing the Malayalam language in a phonetically accurate way. They represent the alveolar plosive and nasal, respectively. The letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12hid2v">nnna</i> is parallel to <span title="U+0BA9 ன TAMIL LETTER NNNA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0BA9 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">TAMIL LETTER NNNA</span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G708532" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G708532" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Suriyani Malayalam.</span></span> The Suriyani dialect of Malayalam is written using the Syriac script. It is also called Garshuni (Karshoni) or Syriac Malayalam. This usage requires eleven additional letters encoded in the Syriac Supplement block (U+0860..U+086F) to represent the sounds of Malayalam. The dialect was widely used by the St. Thomas Christians living in Kerala, India, in the 19th century.</p> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G697568" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697568" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.9.2 Malayalam Orthographic Reform</span> </h3> <p>In the 1970s and 1980s, Malayalam underwent orthographic reform due to printing difficulties. The treatment of the combining vowel signs <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i> was simplified at this time. These vowel signs had previously been represented using special cluster graphemes where the vowel signs were fused beneath their consonants, but in the reformed orthography they are represented by spacing characters following their consonants. <a href="#G666463" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-33</a> lists a variety of consonants plus the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-14kwecx">u</i> or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ei8sey">uu</i> vowel sign, yielding a syllable. Each syllable is shown as it would be displayed in the older orthography, contrasted with its display in the reformed orthography.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G666463" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G666463" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-33.</span> Malayalam Orthographic Reform</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-14zxbz1"><th colspan="2" class="centered">Syllable</th> <th class="centered">Older<br>Orthography</th> <th class="centered">Reformed<br>Orthography</th></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-b0qzut"><i>ku</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 345,46Q334,64 352,74Q370,84 381,66ZM88,339Q77,321 59,331Q41,341 52,359Q62,377 80,367Q98,357 88,339ZM276,27Q276,7 255,7Q235,7 235,27Q235,48 255,48Q276,48 276,27ZM62,242Q62,221 41,221Q20,221 20,242Q20,262 41,262Q62,262 62,242ZM88,145Q98,127 80,117Q62,106 52,124Q41,142 59,152Q77,163 88,145ZM166,46Q156,28 138,38Q120,48 130,66Q141,84 159,74Q176,64 166,46ZM775,-133Q775,-55 719,-10Q674,26 620,26Q531,26 484,-61Q472,-96 471,-127Q469,-218 545,-265Q584,-289 624,-289Q688,-289 731.5,-243Q775,-197 775,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M713,49Q713,16 679,-2Q651,-18 616,-18Q567,-18 535,9L547,30Q579,12 610,12Q631,12 649,22.5Q667,33 667,52Q667,102 593,102Q583,102 566.5,101Q550,100 544,100L544,127Q549,127 563,126Q577,126 586,126Q653,126 653,170Q653,188 638.5,201.5Q624,215 606,215L522,215Q522,138 488,74Q447,-5 377,-5Q307,-5 262,65Q251,33 219.5,14Q188,-5 152,-5Q101,-5 69,31.5Q37,68 37,120Q37,170 70,207.5Q103,245 152,245L227,245Q227,316 261,375Q301,445 367,445Q438,445 482,378Q521,320 522,245Q607,245 627,241Q696,228 696,176Q696,135 659,117Q713,95 713,49ZM462,245Q462,301 440,347Q412,405 362,405Q312,405 282,348Q258,302 257,245L462,245ZM462,215L257,215Q257,145 276,97Q303,30 362,30Q417,30 443,99Q462,149 462,215ZM244,95Q229,140 227,215L162,215Q124,215 98,187Q72,159 72,120Q72,83 93,58Q116,30 152,30Q209,30 244,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">കു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-uijd6p"><i>gu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D17 ഗ MALAYALAM LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 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svelte-12j2c1d"> ു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D17 ഗ MALAYALAM LETTER GA U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M760,216Q760,150 725,87Q648,-53 525,-53L146,-53Q119,-53 102.5,-74Q86,-95 86,-123Q86,-145 100,-159Q114,-173 136,-173L685,-173L685,-223L146,-223Q104,-223 75,-194.5Q46,-166 46,-123Q46,-80 72.5,-51.5Q99,-23 141,-23L515,-23Q571,-23 622,15Q668,50 696.5,104Q725,158 725,220Q725,292 682,344Q635,400 565,400Q439,400 435,220Q433,124 393,65Q346,-5 255,-5Q164,-5 102,54.5Q40,114 40,205Q40,286 75,349Q114,420 185,445L200,425Q141,399 107,339Q75,283 75,215Q75,145 120.5,92.5Q166,40 235,40Q371,40 375,220Q377,315 413,372Q459,445 545,445Q638,445 699,377.5Q760,310 760,216Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഗു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D17 ഗ MALAYALAM LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M760,220Q760,147 725,86Q690,25 625,-5L610,20Q665,45 696,103Q725,157 725,220Q725,292 682,344Q635,400 565,400Q439,400 435,220Q433,124 393,65Q346,-5 255,-5Q164,-5 102,54.5Q40,114 40,205Q40,286 75,349Q114,420 185,445L200,425Q141,399 107,339Q75,283 75,215Q75,145 120,92.5Q165,40 235,40Q371,40 375,220Q377,316 413,372Q459,445 545,445Q636,445 698,378.5Q760,312 760,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഗ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1j77e7n"><i>chu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D1B ഛ MALAYALAM LETTER CHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1113 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1089,190Q1089,118 1056,62Q1017,-5 949,-5Q888,-5 850,43Q814,87 814,150Q814,298 944,375Q902,405 844,405Q766,405 712.5,347Q659,289 659,210Q659,144 695,95Q731,46 794,30L794,0L24,0L24,30L304,30Q355,30 389.5,64.5Q424,99 424,150Q424,209 372,246Q325,280 264,280Q209,280 166,251Q119,218 119,165Q119,127 139,110L109,90Q89,120 89,165Q89,237 152,283Q210,325 284,325Q362,325 421,277Q484,226 484,150Q484,65 414,30L729,30Q629,87 629,210Q629,310 696.5,377.5Q764,445 864,445Q963,445 1028,366Q1089,291 1089,190ZM1029,200Q1029,299 964,355Q844,284 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d="M1089,190Q1089,118 1056,62Q1017,-5 949,-5Q888,-5 850,43Q814,87 814,150Q814,298 944,375Q902,405 844,405Q766,405 712.5,347Q659,289 659,210Q659,144 695,95Q731,46 794,30L794,0L24,0L24,30L304,30Q355,30 389.5,64.5Q424,99 424,150Q424,209 372,246Q325,280 264,280Q209,280 166,251Q119,218 119,165Q119,127 139,110L109,90Q89,120 89,165Q89,237 152,283Q210,325 284,325Q362,325 421,277Q484,226 484,150Q484,65 414,30L729,30Q629,87 629,210Q629,310 696.5,377.5Q764,445 864,445Q963,445 1028,366Q1089,291 1089,190ZM1029,200Q1029,299 964,355Q844,284 844,155Q844,108 870,73Q898,35 944,35Q986,35 1010,99Q1029,149 1029,200Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഛ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 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class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ജ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-16sgin5"><i>ṇu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D23 ണ MALAYALAM LETTER NNA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1165 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1123,220Q1123,65 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268,410Q185,410 129,353.5Q73,297 73,215L73,180Q81,215 112,236Q140,255 178,255Q232,255 270,215Q308,175 308,120Q308,68 268.5,31.5Q229,-5 178,-5Q106,-5 71,63Q42,116 42,194Q42,303 100,372Q161,445 268,445Q326,445 373,424Q428,398 448,350Q502,445 602,445Q652,445 696.5,420Q741,395 758,350Q813,445 928,445Q1014,445 1070,374Q1123,308 1123,220ZM248,130Q248,164 225,192Q202,220 168,220Q133,220 110.5,190.5Q88,161 88,125Q88,87 108,60Q131,30 168,30Q204,30 227,63Q248,92 248,130Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ണ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-ndlnk"><i>tu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 806 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M763,200Q763,61 683,-5L648,25Q698,65 698,200Q698,286 643,345.5Q588,405 502,405Q450,405 418,390Q469,354 498.5,296Q528,238 528,175Q528,108 492,55Q452,-5 388,-5Q322,-5 282,59Q248,114 248,185Q248,318 353,380Q305,405 268,405Q184,405 128.5,345Q73,285 73,200Q73,83 153,15L133,-5Q43,70 43,200Q43,302 110,373.5Q177,445 278,445Q333,445 393,410Q453,445 528,445Q627,445 695,372.5Q763,300 763,200ZM468,175Q468,295 378,370Q330,345 304,293.5Q278,242 278,185Q278,131 301,86Q329,30 378,30Q422,30 447,83Q468,126 468,175Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 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128.5,345Q73,285 73,200Q73,83 153,15L133,-5Q43,70 43,200Q43,302 110,373.5Q177,445 278,445Q333,445 393,410Q453,445 528,445Q627,445 695,372.5Q763,300 763,200ZM468,175Q468,295 378,370Q330,345 304,293.5Q278,242 278,185Q278,131 301,86Q329,30 378,30Q422,30 447,83Q468,126 468,175Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1qv5i2m"><i>nu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D28 ന MALAYALAM LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 811 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M771,220Q771,147 735.5,86Q700,25 636,-5L616,20Q662,45 686,107Q706,158 706,220Q706,290 671,346Q632,410 566,410Q508,410 467,373.5Q426,337 426,280L426,0L376,0L376,280Q376,334 335.5,372Q295,410 241,410Q166,410 117,351Q71,296 71,220Q71,152 107,97.5Q143,43 206,20L191,-5Q120,21 80,86Q41,148 41,225Q41,313 99.5,379Q158,445 246,445Q298,445 341,422Q389,396 406,350Q422,398 475,423Q519,445 576,445Q662,445 718,374Q771,308 771,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ന</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 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svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-mo2n9c"><i>bhu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D2D ഭ MALAYALAM LETTER BHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 497 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M456,100Q456,59 431,29.5Q406,0 366,0L166,0L166,30L336,30Q357,30 371.5,44.5Q386,59 386,80Q386,120 346,120Q331,120 303,115Q275,110 261,110Q218,110 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/></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D2D ഭ MALAYALAM LETTER BHA U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 497 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M464,100Q464,48 440,4Q394,-80 304,-80L133,-80Q106,-80 89.5,-101Q73,-122 73,-150Q73,-172 87,-186Q101,-200 123,-200L394,-200L394,-250L133,-250Q90,-250 61.5,-221.5Q33,-193 33,-150Q33,-107 61,-77.5Q89,-48 154,-48Q168,-48 197,-49.5Q226,-51 241,-51Q298,-51 331,-31Q399,10 399,56Q399,77 386.5,98.5Q374,120 354,120Q339,120 311,115Q283,110 269,110Q226,110 195,139Q164,168 164,210Q164,250 189,280Q214,310 254,310Q255,310 271,305Q287,300 289,300Q316,295 334,295Q379,295 379,335Q379,371 333,393Q295,410 254,410Q175,410 125,343Q79,282 79,200Q79,74 139,0L104,0Q49,79 49,200Q49,309 106,375Q167,445 274,445Q338,445 386,410Q439,372 439,310Q439,287 425,268.5Q411,250 389,250Q373,250 341.5,260Q310,270 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396,165Q422,165 439,145.5Q456,126 456,100Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഭ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tcct2q"><i>ru</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 578 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M537,190Q537,116 499,60Q457,-5 387,-5Q318,-5 277,58Q242,113 242,185Q242,247 270,300Q298,353 352,380Q326,405 272,405Q186,405 128.5,343.5Q71,282 71,196Q71,76 142,15L117,-5Q42,56 42,190Q42,295 109.5,370Q177,445 282,445Q388,445 462.5,371Q537,297 537,190ZM477,195Q477,289 377,360Q272,302 272,190Q272,133 295,87Q325,30 377,30Q425,30 454,91Q477,139 477,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ര</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 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class="centered"><span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 883 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M839,105Q839,51 783,21Q737,-5 678,-5Q588,-5 539,35L554,60Q605,30 664,30Q705,30 737,49Q774,72 774,110Q774,153 745.5,179Q717,205 674,205Q653,205 653,222Q653,235 659,235Q696,235 722.5,259Q749,283 749,320Q749,417 561,417Q488,417 434,397Q539,319 539,190Q539,116 502,60Q459,-5 389,-5Q320,-5 280,58Q244,113 244,185Q244,247 272.5,300Q301,353 354,380Q329,405 274,405Q189,405 131.5,343.5Q74,282 74,196Q74,76 144,15L119,-5Q44,56 44,190Q44,295 112,370Q180,445 284,445Q349,445 402,417Q472,450 578,450Q809,450 809,330Q809,292 785,263Q761,234 724,225Q769,214 802,183Q839,148 839,105ZM479,195Q479,289 379,360Q274,302 274,190Q274,133 298,87Q327,30 379,30Q428,30 456,91Q479,139 479,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">രു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 578 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M537,190Q537,116 499,60Q457,-5 387,-5Q318,-5 277,58Q242,113 242,185Q242,247 270,300Q298,353 352,380Q326,405 272,405Q186,405 128.5,343.5Q71,282 71,196Q71,76 142,15L117,-5Q42,56 42,190Q42,295 109.5,370Q177,445 282,445Q388,445 462.5,371Q537,297 537,190ZM477,195Q477,289 377,360Q272,302 272,190Q272,133 295,87Q325,30 377,30Q425,30 454,91Q477,139 477,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ര</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-106pofp"><i>śu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 802 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,205Q761,131 728,70Q688,-5 621,-5Q563,-5 529,50Q501,97 501,159Q501,289 616,360Q577,405 521,405Q452,405 411,337Q376,280 376,206Q376,132 343,70Q303,-5 236,-5Q150,-5 95,58Q41,118 41,205Q41,279 75,344Q109,409 171,445L196,415Q101,352 101,200Q101,136 136,88Q174,35 236,35Q287,35 317,95Q339,142 341,200Q344,295 389,364Q442,445 531,445Q630,445 695.5,374.5Q761,304 761,205ZM696,190Q696,281 636,335Q531,274 531,150Q531,108 552,74Q576,35 616,35Q656,35 679,95Q696,140 696,190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 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141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-115rdys"><i>hu</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D39 ഹ MALAYALAM LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1018 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M982,220Q982,146 943,87Q904,28 837,-5L812,25Q860,53 888.5,103.5Q917,154 917,210Q917,288 872,345Q823,405 747,405Q671,405 624,339Q582,279 582,200Q582,147 610.5,99.5Q639,52 687,25L687,0L267,0L267,30Q300,34 318,77Q332,110 332,150Q332,205 294,242.5Q256,280 202,280Q142,280 104.5,240Q67,200 67,140Q67,59 127,15L112,-5Q37,48 37,140Q37,215 87,270Q137,325 212,325Q286,325 339,274.5Q392,224 392,150Q392,56 352,30L637,30Q552,103 552,210Q552,304 608,373Q669,445 762,445Q853,445 917.5,378.5Q982,312 982,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഹ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 345,46Q334,64 352,74Q370,84 381,66ZM88,339Q77,321 59,331Q41,341 52,359Q62,377 80,367Q98,357 88,339ZM276,27Q276,7 255,7Q235,7 235,27Q235,48 255,48Q276,48 276,27ZM62,242Q62,221 41,221Q20,221 20,242Q20,262 41,262Q62,262 62,242ZM88,145Q98,127 80,117Q62,106 52,124Q41,142 59,152Q77,163 88,145ZM166,46Q156,28 138,38Q120,48 130,66Q141,84 159,74Q176,64 166,46ZM775,-133Q775,-55 719,-10Q674,26 620,26Q531,26 484,-61Q472,-96 471,-127Q469,-218 545,-265Q584,-289 624,-289Q688,-289 731.5,-243Q775,-197 775,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ു</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D39 ഹ MALAYALAM LETTER HA U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1067 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1043,192Q1043,125 1003,56Q922,-84 805,-84L116,-84Q88,-84 72.5,-104.5Q57,-125 56,-154Q55,-175 70,-189.5Q85,-204 106,-204L890,-204L890,-254L116,-254Q73,-254 45,-225.5Q17,-197 16,-154Q15,-112 42,-83Q69,-54 111,-54L760,-54Q880,-54 948,72Q982,133 977,210Q972,294 932,344Q883,405 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37,140Q37,215 87,270Q137,325 212,325Q286,325 339,274.5Q392,224 392,150Q392,56 352,30L637,30Q552,103 552,210Q552,304 608,373Q669,445 762,445Q853,445 917.5,378.5Q982,312 982,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഹ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D41 ◌ു MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM371,-133Q371,-55 315,-10Q270,26 216,26Q127,26 80,-61Q68,-96 67,-127Q65,-218 141,-265Q180,-289 220,-289Q284,-289 327.5,-243Q371,-197 371,-133Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ു</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-o0ebsj"><i>kū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 345,46Q334,64 352,74Q370,84 381,66ZM88,339Q77,321 59,331Q41,341 52,359Q62,377 80,367Q98,357 88,339ZM276,27Q276,7 255,7Q235,7 235,27Q235,48 255,48Q276,48 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class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1idbnrr"><i>gū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D17 ഗ MALAYALAM LETTER GA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 800 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M760,220Q760,147 725,86Q690,25 625,-5L610,20Q665,45 696,103Q725,157 725,220Q725,292 682,344Q635,400 565,400Q439,400 435,220Q433,124 393,65Q346,-5 255,-5Q164,-5 102,54.5Q40,114 40,205Q40,286 75,349Q114,420 185,445L200,425Q141,399 107,339Q75,283 75,215Q75,145 120,92.5Q165,40 235,40Q371,40 375,220Q377,316 413,372Q459,445 545,445Q636,445 698,378.5Q760,312 760,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഗ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 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1113 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1089,190Q1089,118 1056,62Q1017,-5 949,-5Q888,-5 850,43Q814,87 814,150Q814,298 944,375Q902,405 844,405Q766,405 712.5,347Q659,289 659,210Q659,144 695,95Q731,46 794,30L794,0L24,0L24,30L304,30Q355,30 389.5,64.5Q424,99 424,150Q424,209 372,246Q325,280 264,280Q209,280 166,251Q119,218 119,165Q119,127 139,110L109,90Q89,120 89,165Q89,237 152,283Q210,325 284,325Q362,325 421,277Q484,226 484,150Q484,65 414,30L729,30Q629,87 629,210Q629,310 696.5,377.5Q764,445 864,445Q963,445 1028,366Q1089,291 1089,190ZM1029,200Q1029,299 964,355Q844,284 844,155Q844,108 870,73Q898,35 944,35Q986,35 1010,99Q1029,149 1029,200Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഛ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 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class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1165 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1123,220Q1123,65 998,-10L973,25Q1063,99 1063,220Q1063,290 1026,346Q984,410 918,410Q860,410 819,373Q778,336 778,280L778,0L728,0L728,280Q728,335 690,372.5Q652,410 598,410Q543,410 505.5,372.5Q468,335 468,280L468,0L418,0L418,280Q418,337 370,375Q326,410 268,410Q185,410 129,353.5Q73,297 73,215L73,180Q81,215 112,236Q140,255 178,255Q232,255 270,215Q308,175 308,120Q308,68 268.5,31.5Q229,-5 178,-5Q106,-5 71,63Q42,116 42,194Q42,303 100,372Q161,445 268,445Q326,445 373,424Q428,398 448,350Q502,445 602,445Q652,445 696.5,420Q741,395 758,350Q813,445 928,445Q1014,445 1070,374Q1123,308 1123,220ZM248,130Q248,164 225,192Q202,220 168,220Q133,220 110.5,190.5Q88,161 88,125Q88,87 108,60Q131,30 168,30Q204,30 227,63Q248,92 248,130Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ണ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-m0y8sa"><i>tū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 806 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M763,200Q763,61 683,-5L648,25Q698,65 698,200Q698,286 643,345.5Q588,405 502,405Q450,405 418,390Q469,354 498.5,296Q528,238 528,175Q528,108 492,55Q452,-5 388,-5Q322,-5 282,59Q248,114 248,185Q248,318 353,380Q305,405 268,405Q184,405 128.5,345Q73,285 73,200Q73,83 153,15L133,-5Q43,70 43,200Q43,302 110,373.5Q177,445 278,445Q333,445 393,410Q453,445 528,445Q627,445 695,372.5Q763,300 763,200ZM468,175Q468,295 378,370Q330,345 304,293.5Q278,242 278,185Q278,131 301,86Q329,30 378,30Q422,30 447,83Q468,126 468,175Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 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73,200Q73,83 153,15L133,-5Q43,70 43,200Q43,302 110,373.5Q177,445 278,445Q333,445 393,410Q453,445 528,445Q627,445 695,372.5Q763,300 763,200ZM468,175Q468,295 378,370Q330,345 304,293.5Q278,242 278,185Q278,131 301,86Q329,30 378,30Q422,30 447,83Q468,126 468,175Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 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U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 345,46Q334,64 352,74Q370,84 381,66ZM88,339Q77,321 59,331Q41,341 52,359Q62,377 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706,220Q706,290 671,346Q632,410 566,410Q508,410 467,373.5Q426,337 426,280L426,0L376,0L376,280Q376,334 335.5,372Q295,410 241,410Q166,410 117,351Q71,296 71,220Q71,152 107,97.5Q143,43 206,20L191,-5Q120,21 80,86Q41,148 41,225Q41,313 99.5,379Q158,445 246,445Q298,445 341,422Q389,396 406,350Q422,398 475,423Q519,445 576,445Q662,445 718,374Q771,308 771,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ന</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-pghzfe"><i>bhū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D2D ഭ MALAYALAM LETTER BHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 497 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M456,100Q456,59 431,29.5Q406,0 366,0L166,0L166,30L336,30Q357,30 371.5,44.5Q386,59 386,80Q386,120 346,120Q331,120 303,115Q275,110 261,110Q218,110 187,139Q156,168 156,210Q156,250 181,280Q206,310 246,310Q247,310 263,305Q279,300 281,300Q308,295 326,295Q371,295 371,335Q371,371 325,393Q288,410 246,410Q167,410 117,343Q71,282 71,200Q71,74 131,0L96,0Q41,79 41,200Q41,309 98,375Q159,445 266,445Q330,445 378,410Q431,372 431,310Q431,287 417,268.5Q403,250 381,250Q365,250 333.5,260Q302,270 286,270Q257,270 238,255Q216,238 216,210Q216,178 235,159Q254,140 286,140Q308,140 336.5,152.5Q365,165 396,165Q422,165 439,145.5Q456,126 456,100Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഭ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 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svelte-12j2c1d"> ൂ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D2D ഭ MALAYALAM LETTER BHA U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 551 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M539,-57Q539,-89 485,-111Q442,-129 403,-129L358,-129Q272,-129 213,-108Q147,-84 91,-26Q12,56 12,188Q12,332 90,445L125,445Q87,398 65,329Q45,264 45,200Q45,75 129,-12.5Q213,-100 337,-100Q345,-100 360,-99Q375,-98 383,-98Q439,-98 451,-96Q493,-88 493,-54Q493,-4 416,-4Q407,-4 391.5,-5Q376,-6 371,-6L371,21Q377,21 391,20Q405,20 412,20Q480,20 480,64Q480,111 399,111Q388,111 370.5,110Q353,109 348,109L348,110Q308,111 278,140Q248,169 248,210Q248,250 273,280Q298,310 338,310Q340,310 370.5,302.5Q401,295 418,295Q463,295 463,335Q463,372 416,393Q379,410 338,410Q258,410 208,343Q163,282 163,200Q163,74 223,0L188,0Q133,79 133,200Q133,309 190,375Q251,445 358,445Q422,445 470,410Q523,372 523,310Q523,287 509,270Q494,250 473,250Q456,250 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336.5,152.5Q365,165 396,165Q422,165 439,145.5Q456,126 456,100Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഭ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-sd8d60"><i>rū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 578 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M537,190Q537,116 499,60Q457,-5 387,-5Q318,-5 277,58Q242,113 242,185Q242,247 270,300Q298,353 352,380Q326,405 272,405Q186,405 128.5,343.5Q71,282 71,196Q71,76 142,15L117,-5Q42,56 42,190Q42,295 109.5,370Q177,445 282,445Q388,445 462.5,371Q537,297 537,190ZM477,195Q477,289 377,360Q272,302 272,190Q272,133 295,87Q325,30 377,30Q425,30 454,91Q477,139 477,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ര</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 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377,360Q272,302 272,190Q272,133 295,87Q325,30 377,30Q425,30 454,91Q477,139 477,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ര</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-e3ueeb"><i>śū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 802 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,205Q761,131 728,70Q688,-5 621,-5Q563,-5 529,50Q501,97 501,159Q501,289 616,360Q577,405 521,405Q452,405 411,337Q376,280 376,206Q376,132 343,70Q303,-5 236,-5Q150,-5 95,58Q41,118 41,205Q41,279 75,344Q109,409 171,445L196,415Q101,352 101,200Q101,136 136,88Q174,35 236,35Q287,35 317,95Q339,142 341,200Q344,295 389,364Q442,445 531,445Q630,445 695.5,374.5Q761,304 761,205ZM696,190Q696,281 636,335Q531,274 531,150Q531,108 552,74Q576,35 616,35Q656,35 679,95Q696,140 696,190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" 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20,242Q20,262 41,262Q62,262 62,242ZM88,145Q98,127 80,117Q62,106 52,124Q41,142 59,152Q77,163 88,145ZM166,46Q156,28 138,38Q120,48 130,66Q141,84 159,74Q176,64 166,46ZM715,-50Q716,-12 687,14Q658,40 620,40Q579,40 549,16Q516,-9 515,-50Q514,-89 549,-116Q580,-140 620,-140Q660,-140 687,-114.5Q714,-89 715,-50ZM780,-120Q781,-45 740,-15Q750,-32 750,-70Q752,-122 711,-157Q674,-189 620,-190Q566,-191 527,-158Q485,-124 485,-70Q485,-41 500,-20Q475,-31 463,-84Q460,-97 460,-120Q460,-184 509,-228Q555,-269 620,-270Q685,-271 732,-228Q779,-185 780,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ൂ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M988,29Q988,-15 940,-55Q905,-84 849,-84L182,-84Q154,-84 138,-105Q122,-126 122,-154Q122,-176 136,-190Q150,-204 172,-204L764,-204L764,-254L182,-254Q139,-254 110.5,-225.5Q82,-197 82,-154Q82,-112 108,-83Q134,-54 177,-54L804,-54Q847,-54 891,-33Q944,-7 944,31Q944,41 939,52Q920,102 871,102Q864,102 846,101Q828,100 817,100L817,127Q822,127 836,126Q850,126 858,126Q925,126 925,170Q925,188 910.5,201.5Q896,215 878,215L750,215Q751,203 751,190Q751,142 705,71Q655,-5 611,-5Q558,-5 516,37Q474,79 474,133Q474,214 562,236Q598,245 713,245Q706,309 663,353Q617,400 554,400Q428,400 424,220Q422,124 382,65Q335,-5 244,-5Q153,-5 91,54.5Q29,114 29,205Q29,286 64,349Q103,420 174,445L189,425Q130,399 96,339Q64,283 64,215Q64,145 109.5,92.5Q155,40 224,40Q361,40 364,220Q366,315 402,372Q449,445 534,445Q618,445 678.5,387Q739,329 748,245L874,245Q909,245 937,228Q968,208 968,176Q968,135 931,117Q988,94 988,29ZM714,215L634,215Q504,215 504,139Q504,101 536,68Q568,35 606,35Q653,35 686,104Q713,160 714,215Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശൂ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 802 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,205Q761,131 728,70Q688,-5 621,-5Q563,-5 529,50Q501,97 501,159Q501,289 616,360Q577,405 521,405Q452,405 411,337Q376,280 376,206Q376,132 343,70Q303,-5 236,-5Q150,-5 95,58Q41,118 41,205Q41,279 75,344Q109,409 171,445L196,415Q101,352 101,200Q101,136 136,88Q174,35 236,35Q287,35 317,95Q339,142 341,200Q344,295 389,364Q442,445 531,445Q630,445 695.5,374.5Q761,304 761,205ZM696,190Q696,281 636,335Q531,274 531,150Q531,108 552,74Q576,35 616,35Q656,35 679,95Q696,140 696,190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td data-svelte-h="svelte-1kjov3q"><i>hū</i></td> <td><span title="U+0D39 ഹ MALAYALAM LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1018 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M982,220Q982,146 943,87Q904,28 837,-5L812,25Q860,53 888.5,103.5Q917,154 917,210Q917,288 872,345Q823,405 747,405Q671,405 624,339Q582,279 582,200Q582,147 610.5,99.5Q639,52 687,25L687,0L267,0L267,30Q300,34 318,77Q332,110 332,150Q332,205 294,242.5Q256,280 202,280Q142,280 104.5,240Q67,200 67,140Q67,59 127,15L112,-5Q37,48 37,140Q37,215 87,270Q137,325 212,325Q286,325 339,274.5Q392,224 392,150Q392,56 352,30L637,30Q552,103 552,210Q552,304 608,373Q669,445 762,445Q853,445 917.5,378.5Q982,312 982,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഹ</span></span></span> + <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 836 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M459,359Q469,341 452,331Q434,321 423,339Q413,357 431,367Q449,377 459,359ZM381,417Q370,399 352,410Q334,420 345,438Q355,456 373,445Q391,435 381,417ZM276,456Q276,436 255,436Q235,436 235,456Q235,477 255,477Q276,477 276,456ZM491,242Q491,221 470,221Q449,221 449,242Q449,262 470,262Q491,262 491,242ZM815,-120Q815,-204 759.5,-264Q704,-324 620,-325Q537,-326 481,-265Q425,-204 425,-120Q425,-47 480,6Q531,56 605,70L625,240L630,300Q633,332 598,357Q571,376 535,385L560,440Q604,440 637,406.5Q670,373 670,330L667,309Q665,295 663.5,274.5Q662,254 660,240L635,70Q709,59 761,7Q815,-48 815,-120ZM166,438Q176,420 159,410Q141,399 130,417Q120,435 138,445Q156,456 166,438ZM459,124Q449,106 431,117Q413,127 423,145Q434,163 452,152Q469,142 459,124ZM381,66Q391,48 373,38Q355,28 345,46Q334,64 352,74Q370,84 381,66ZM88,339Q77,321 59,331Q41,341 52,359Q62,377 80,367Q98,357 88,339ZM276,27Q276,7 255,7Q235,7 235,27Q235,48 255,48Q276,48 276,27ZM62,242Q62,221 41,221Q20,221 20,242Q20,262 41,262Q62,262 62,242ZM88,145Q98,127 80,117Q62,106 52,124Q41,142 59,152Q77,163 88,145ZM166,46Q156,28 138,38Q120,48 130,66Q141,84 159,74Q176,64 166,46ZM715,-50Q716,-12 687,14Q658,40 620,40Q579,40 549,16Q516,-9 515,-50Q514,-89 549,-116Q580,-140 620,-140Q660,-140 687,-114.5Q714,-89 715,-50ZM780,-120Q781,-45 740,-15Q750,-32 750,-70Q752,-122 711,-157Q674,-189 620,-190Q566,-191 527,-158Q485,-124 485,-70Q485,-41 500,-20Q475,-31 463,-84Q460,-97 460,-120Q460,-184 509,-228Q555,-269 620,-270Q685,-271 732,-228Q779,-185 780,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ൂ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D39 ഹ MALAYALAM LETTER HA U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1094 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1062,35Q1062,-19 1021.5,-51.5Q981,-84 926,-84L200,-84Q173,-84 156.5,-105Q140,-126 140,-154Q140,-176 154.5,-190Q169,-204 190,-204L731,-204L731,-254L200,-254Q158,-254 129,-225.5Q100,-197 100,-154Q100,-112 126.5,-83Q153,-54 195,-54L881,-54Q926,-54 957,-32Q993,-6 993,38Q993,88 955,113Q922,135 870,135Q916,188 916,236Q916,285 867,345Q818,405 743,405Q667,405 620,339Q578,279 578,200Q578,147 607,99.5Q636,52 683,25L683,0L263,0L263,30Q296,34 314,77Q328,110 328,150Q328,205 290.5,242.5Q253,280 198,280Q139,280 101,240Q63,200 63,140Q63,59 123,15L108,-5Q33,48 33,140Q33,215 83,270Q133,325 208,325Q282,325 335,274.5Q388,224 388,150Q388,56 348,30L633,30Q548,103 548,210Q548,304 606.5,374.5Q665,445 758,445Q850,445 914,378.5Q978,312 978,220Q978,206 961,185Q942,161 939,151Q961,147 982,143Q1009,137 1021,129Q1062,98 1062,35Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഹൂ</span></span></span></td> <td class="centered"><span title="U+0D39 ഹ MALAYALAM LETTER HA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1018 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M982,220Q982,146 943,87Q904,28 837,-5L812,25Q860,53 888.5,103.5Q917,154 917,210Q917,288 872,345Q823,405 747,405Q671,405 624,339Q582,279 582,200Q582,147 610.5,99.5Q639,52 687,25L687,0L267,0L267,30Q300,34 318,77Q332,110 332,150Q332,205 294,242.5Q256,280 202,280Q142,280 104.5,240Q67,200 67,140Q67,59 127,15L112,-5Q37,48 37,140Q37,215 87,270Q137,325 212,325Q286,325 339,274.5Q392,224 392,150Q392,56 352,30L637,30Q552,103 552,210Q552,304 608,373Q669,445 762,445Q853,445 917.5,378.5Q982,312 982,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഹ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 432 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M411,-120Q411,-204 355,-264Q299,-324 216,-325Q132,-326 76.5,-265Q21,-204 21,-120Q21,-47 76,6Q127,56 201,70L221,240L226,300Q229,332 194,357Q167,376 131,385L156,440Q199,440 232.5,406.5Q266,373 266,330L263,309Q261,295 259.5,274.5Q258,254 256,240L231,70Q304,59 356,7Q411,-48 411,-120ZM311,-50Q312,-12 283,14Q254,40 216,40Q174,40 143,15.5Q112,-9 111,-50Q110,-89 143,-114.5Q176,-140 216,-140Q255,-140 282.5,-114.5Q310,-89 311,-50ZM376,-120Q377,-45 336,-15Q345,-32 346,-70Q347,-122 308,-155.5Q269,-189 216,-190Q161,-191 121,-157.5Q81,-124 81,-70Q81,-41 96,-20Q71,-31 59,-84Q56,-97 56,-120Q56,-184 103.5,-226.5Q151,-269 216,-270Q281,-271 328,-228Q375,-185 376,-120Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൂ</span></span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G694049" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G694049" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.9.3 Rendering Malayalam</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697387" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697387" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Candrakkala.</span></span> As is the case for many other Brahmi-derived scripts in the Unicode Standard, Malayalam uses a virama character to form consonant conjuncts. The virama sign itself is known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> in Malayalam. <a href="#G666894" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-34</a> provides a variety of examples of consonant conjuncts. There are both horizontal and vertical conjuncts, some of which ligate, and some of which are merely juxtaposed.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G666894" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G666894" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-34.</span> Malayalam Conjuncts</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D37 ഷ MALAYALAM LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1016 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M961,0L281,0L281,30Q317,37 340,76Q361,110 361,150Q361,207 320,243Q279,279 221,280Q162,281 124,240Q86,199 86,140Q86,50 151,20L141,-5Q57,42 56,140Q54,214 107.5,266.5Q161,319 236,320Q310,321 365,272.5Q420,224 421,150Q422,64 361,30L621,30L621,240L591,240Q541,240 506.5,268Q472,296 471,345Q470,386 497.5,415.5Q525,445 566,445Q618,445 647,402Q671,366 671,310L671,270Q807,282 941,440L961,440L961,0ZM911,30L911,350Q811,267 671,240L671,30L911,30ZM621,270L621,310Q621,345 606,374Q587,410 556,410Q531,410 517,386Q506,367 506,340Q504,307 534,287Q560,270 596,270L621,270Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഷ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D37 ഷ MALAYALAM LETTER SSA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1311 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1261,0L581,0L581,30L651,30Q720,63 721,140Q721,169 702,193Q680,215 656,215L561,215Q561,135 524,72Q479,-4 406,-5Q340,-6 296,45Q254,-4 181,-5Q126,-6 89,32Q52,70 51,125Q50,174 83.5,209.5Q117,245 166,245L251,245Q251,319 285,376Q326,444 396,445Q470,446 518,381Q561,323 561,245L656,245Q705,245 743,218Q784,188 786,140Q788,53 726,30L931,30L931,245Q871,245 823,268Q762,297 761,350Q760,392 794,418Q828,444 871,445Q923,446 953,408Q981,374 981,320L981,275Q1134,314 1241,440L1261,440L1261,0ZM1211,30L1211,360Q1130,292 981,250L981,30L1211,30ZM931,275L931,305Q931,339 917,370Q900,409 871,410Q841,411 820,395Q796,378 796,350Q796,319 832,295Q866,277 931,275ZM501,245Q501,303 473,350Q440,405 386,405Q336,405 306,347Q282,301 281,245L501,245ZM501,215L281,215Q281,145 300,98Q326,31 386,30Q440,29 474,99Q499,153 501,215ZM281,70Q251,121 251,215L191,215Q155,215 133,185.5Q111,156 111,120Q111,84 130.5,57.5Q150,31 186,30Q248,29 281,70Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ഷ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1umqx61"><i>(kṣa)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 750 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M723,125Q723,74 694,36Q662,-5 613,-5Q562,-5 538,20L553,45Q575,30 598,30Q629,30 648,66Q663,95 663,130Q663,165 644.5,190Q626,215 593,215L513,215Q513,138 479,74Q437,-5 368,-5Q298,-5 253,65Q242,33 210,14Q178,-5 143,-5Q92,-5 60,31.5Q28,68 28,120Q28,170 60.5,207.5Q93,245 143,245L218,245Q218,316 251,375Q291,445 358,445Q428,445 473,378Q511,320 513,245L593,245Q645,245 684,211Q723,177 723,125ZM453,245Q453,301 430,347Q402,405 353,405Q302,405 272,348Q249,302 248,245L453,245ZM453,215L248,215Q248,146 267,97Q294,30 353,30Q407,30 433,99Q453,149 453,215ZM235,95Q219,140 218,215L153,215Q114,215 88.5,187Q63,159 63,120Q63,83 84,58Q107,30 143,30Q199,30 235,95Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1076 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1041,200Q1042,54 951,-5L926,20Q979,74 981,200Q981,268 938,318Q892,370 826,370Q764,370 719,336.5Q674,303 656,245L746,245Q802,245 844,210Q886,175 886,120Q886,68 852,31.5Q818,-5 766,-5Q689,-5 650,50Q614,100 619,178L621,215L546,215Q546,135 509,72Q464,-4 391,-5Q324,-6 276,51Q234,-4 156,-5Q103,-6 70,30.5Q37,67 36,120Q35,171 70,208Q105,245 156,245L231,245Q231,321 269,378Q313,444 386,445Q457,446 504,379Q545,320 546,245L626,245Q644,316 698.5,362.5Q753,409 826,410Q914,411 977,349.5Q1040,288 1041,200ZM826,130Q826,166 799,190.5Q772,215 736,215L651,215L650,183Q645,37 756,35Q789,34 809,67Q826,95 826,130ZM486,245Q486,303 458,350Q425,405 371,405Q317,405 286,349Q262,304 261,245L486,245ZM486,215L261,215Q261,154 285,102Q316,36 371,35Q426,34 459,100Q485,153 486,215ZM266,72Q233,113 231,215L176,215Q140,215 118,185.5Q96,156 96,120Q96,83 117.5,57Q139,31 176,30Q208,29 266,72Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1kqonzl"><i>(kka)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D1C ജ MALAYALAM LETTER JA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 653 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M614,320Q614,259 563,220Q517,185 454,185L229,185Q187,185 155.5,160Q124,135 124,95Q124,66 150,47Q173,30 204,30Q245,30 349,87.5Q453,145 514,145Q549,145 578,126Q609,104 609,70Q609,33 576,12Q548,-5 508,-5Q475,-5 448,14Q421,33 419,65L429,95Q417,95 328.5,45Q240,-5 194,-5Q144,-5 108,22Q69,52 69,100Q69,153 119,186Q163,215 219,215L439,215Q485,215 519.5,244.5Q554,274 554,320Q554,360 520,384Q490,405 448,405Q413,405 382,386Q342,361 342,306Q342,297 343,278.5Q344,260 344,250L294,250L294,330Q294,362 265,385Q237,405 204,405L173,405Q157,405 149,400Q181,400 207.5,376Q234,352 234,320Q234,278 199,253Q168,230 124,230Q88,230 63.5,256.5Q39,283 39,320Q39,377 86,412Q130,445 188,445Q231,445 267,429Q311,410 324,375Q364,445 474,445Q530,445 571,411Q614,374 614,320ZM549,65Q549,84 532.5,97Q516,110 496,110Q477,110 463,97Q449,84 449,65Q449,30 502,30Q519,30 534,39.5Q549,49 549,65ZM174,323Q174,345 157.5,362.5Q141,380 119,380Q95,380 82,361Q69,342 69,317Q69,292 83.5,276Q98,260 122,260Q146,260 160,279.5Q174,299 174,323Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ജ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D1E ഞ MALAYALAM LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1108 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1064,210Q1064,79 989,-5L949,15Q1003,78 1004,190Q1005,270 963,333Q915,404 839,405Q792,406 764,390Q867,303 869,180Q870,110 831,55Q787,-5 719,-5Q654,-5 612,51Q575,102 574,170Q573,231 608,289Q641,344 694,380Q656,404 609,405Q553,406 507,372Q459,335 459,280L459,0L409,0L409,280Q409,334 366.5,369Q324,404 269,405Q188,406 128.5,343.5Q69,281 73,200L74,180Q94,259 189,260Q246,261 282,219.5Q318,178 319,120Q320,65 273,29Q231,-4 174,-5Q106,-6 71,62Q45,114 44,190Q43,293 110,369Q177,445 279,445Q386,445 439,350Q495,443 619,445Q673,446 734,410Q794,444 859,445Q949,446 1009,371Q1064,302 1064,210ZM809,180Q811,308 719,365Q639,319 612,229Q605,205 604,170Q603,117 631,76Q663,31 714,30Q760,29 787,85Q808,128 809,180ZM259,125Q259,166 234,195Q209,224 169,225Q132,226 107,193Q85,164 84,125Q83,88 107.5,59.5Q132,31 169,30Q208,29 233.5,57.5Q259,86 259,125Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഞ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D1C ജ MALAYALAM LETTER JA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D1E ഞ MALAYALAM LETTER NYA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1315 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1282,152Q1282,66 1230,2L1202,16Q1239,59 1240,138Q1241,193 1211,238Q1178,289 1125,289Q1091,289 1072,278Q1144,223 1146,131Q1147,82 1119,44Q1089,3 1041,2Q995,1 966,41Q939,77 939,124Q939,166 963,206Q987,246 1023,271Q999,289 964,289Q894,289 867,234Q859,218 859,201L859,5L824,5L824,201Q824,240 795,264Q766,288 726,289Q667,290 628.5,247.5Q590,205 589,145L590,131Q604,186 670,187Q709,188 735,158Q761,128 761,89Q761,51 730,27Q699,3 660,2Q612,1 588,48Q569,85 569,138Q569,212 614.5,264Q660,316 733,317Q804,318 845,250Q886,317 971,317Q1010,317 1051,292Q1096,316 1139,317Q1202,318 1243,265Q1282,216 1282,152ZM608,320Q608,258 559.5,221.5Q511,185 448,185L223,185Q181,185 151,162Q119,136 118,95Q117,65 144,47Q167,31 198,30Q222,29 268,35L368,46Q438,53 509,83Q526,90 572,112L574,88Q491,43 378,22Q336,14 301,9Q214,-4 188,-5Q139,-6 101,23Q63,52 63,100Q63,173 155,206Q180,215 213,215L433,215Q480,215 513.5,244Q547,273 548,320Q549,358 516,382Q487,404 448,405Q408,406 376,386Q338,363 338,325L338,250L288,250L288,330Q288,362 259,385Q231,405 198,405L167,405Q151,405 143,400Q175,400 201,376Q227,352 228,320Q229,278 193,253Q162,231 118,230Q82,229 58,256Q34,283 33,320Q32,375 79,411Q121,444 178,445Q222,446 260,430Q304,411 318,375Q357,443 468,445Q523,446 565.5,410Q608,374 608,320ZM1104,131Q1105,169 1089,204Q1071,243 1041,261Q989,233 966,166Q960,149 960,124Q960,87 980,59Q1002,27 1037,26Q1069,25 1088,64Q1103,94 1104,131ZM719,93Q720,120 701.5,141.5Q683,163 656,163Q629,163 613.5,142Q598,121 597,93Q596,66 612.5,46.5Q629,27 656,26Q683,25 700.5,45Q718,65 719,93ZM168,320Q169,343 152.5,361.5Q136,380 113,380Q66,380 63,320Q62,296 75.5,278.5Q89,261 113,260Q137,259 152,277Q167,295 168,320Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ജ്ഞ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1te86wu"><i>(jña)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 503 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M474,140Q475,71 392,29Q326,-4 249,-5Q130,-6 29,80L49,100Q141,25 249,25Q308,25 356,50Q414,81 414,135Q414,163 381,188Q347,208 299,210L202,200L169,200Q116,200 76,226Q30,255 29,305Q28,373 114,413Q183,445 259,445Q364,445 449,375L429,355Q344,415 259,415Q197,415 146,391Q80,360 79,305Q78,276 112,258Q134,246 169,245L219,250L266,254L299,255Q360,257 412,229Q473,196 474,140Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ട</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 503 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M474,140Q475,71 392,29Q326,-4 249,-5Q130,-6 29,80L49,100Q141,25 249,25Q308,25 356,50Q414,81 414,135Q414,163 381,188Q347,208 299,210L202,200L169,200Q116,200 76,226Q30,255 29,305Q28,373 114,413Q183,445 259,445Q364,445 449,375L429,355Q344,415 259,415Q197,415 146,391Q80,360 79,305Q78,276 112,258Q134,246 169,245L219,250L266,254L299,255Q360,257 412,229Q473,196 474,140Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ട</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 547 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M498,-80Q500,-147 407,-185Q337,-214 258,-215Q148,-216 68,-140L88,-115Q158,-164 258,-165Q317,-166 369,-144Q437,-116 438,-65Q439,-37 418,-18.5Q397,0 368,0L78,0L78,30L368,30Q400,30 420,55Q437,78 438,110Q440,143 411,167Q382,191 348,190L319,189Q297,188 282,184Q248,181 178,180Q124,179 86.5,215Q49,251 48,305Q47,372 128,412Q195,445 268,445Q390,445 468,370L448,350Q373,414 278,415Q217,416 162,391Q93,360 93,305Q93,275 122,256Q147,240 178,240L218,240Q262,240 278,245L348,255Q406,255 449,224Q498,190 498,135Q500,49 413,20Q497,-11 498,-80Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ട്ട</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-18aivg1"><i>(ṭṭa)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 785 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M730,0L260,0L260,30Q300,37 326,76Q350,112 350,155Q350,207 311.5,243Q273,279 220,280Q161,281 123,240Q85,199 85,140Q85,50 150,20L135,-5Q55,39 55,145Q55,218 105.5,268.5Q156,319 230,320Q303,321 356,271.5Q409,222 410,150Q411,64 350,30L680,30L680,440L730,440L730,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 785 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M730,0L260,0L260,30Q300,37 326,76Q350,112 350,155Q350,207 311.5,243Q273,279 220,280Q161,281 123,240Q85,199 85,140Q85,50 150,20L135,-5Q55,39 55,145Q55,218 105.5,268.5Q156,319 230,320Q303,321 356,271.5Q409,222 410,150Q411,64 350,30L680,30L680,440L730,440L730,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 957 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M874,-345L324,-345L324,-325Q397,-293 399,-210Q399,-153 358,-117Q317,-81 259,-80Q202,-79 160.5,-116Q119,-153 119,-210Q117,-283 174,-330L154,-345Q84,-277 84,-210Q82,-134 137,-82.5Q192,-31 269,-30Q347,-29 405.5,-80.5Q464,-132 464,-210Q464,-279 404,-315L824,-315L824,15L324,15L324,40Q392,81 394,145Q394,202 355,241Q316,280 259,280Q201,280 160,243Q119,206 119,150Q117,64 189,30L169,10Q90,63 89,150Q88,225 143,277.5Q198,330 274,330Q350,330 404.5,278Q459,226 459,150Q459,87 399,45L824,45L824,440L874,440L874,-345Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പ്പ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-s3atgz"><i>(ppa)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D1A ച MALAYALAM LETTER CA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 824 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M782,0L42,0L42,30L302,30Q344,30 370,70Q392,105 392,150Q392,202 351,236Q310,270 257,270Q207,270 170,237.5Q133,205 132,155Q131,127 147,105L122,90Q103,118 102,160Q101,228 153,272Q202,314 272,315Q343,316 397.5,268.5Q452,221 452,150Q452,60 387,30L732,30L732,440L782,440L782,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ച</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D1B ഛ MALAYALAM LETTER CHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1113 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1089,190Q1089,117 1056,62Q1017,-4 949,-5Q888,-6 850,43Q814,88 814,150Q814,298 944,375Q902,405 844,405Q765,405 712.5,347.5Q660,290 659,210Q658,145 694.5,95.5Q731,46 794,30L794,0L24,0L24,30L304,30Q355,30 389,64.5Q423,99 424,150Q425,209 372,246Q326,279 264,280Q209,281 167,251Q119,218 119,165Q119,127 139,110L109,90Q90,118 89,165Q88,236 152,283Q210,325 284,325Q362,325 421,277Q484,227 484,150Q484,65 414,30L729,30Q629,87 629,210Q629,310 696.5,377.5Q764,445 864,445Q963,445 1028,366Q1089,291 1089,190ZM1029,200Q1030,298 964,355Q846,285 844,155Q843,108 870.5,72Q898,36 944,35Q986,34 1010,100Q1029,150 1029,200Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഛ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D1A ച MALAYALAM LETTER CA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D1B ഛ MALAYALAM LETTER CHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 824 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,0L21,0L21,30L281,30Q323,30 349,70Q371,105 371,150Q371,202 330,236Q289,270 236,270Q186,270 149,237.5Q112,205 111,155Q110,127 126,105L101,90Q82,118 81,160Q80,228 132,272Q181,314 251,315Q322,316 376.5,268.5Q431,221 431,150Q431,60 366,30L711,30L711,440L761,440L761,0ZM803,-205Q804,-254 780,-294Q752,-341 705,-342Q664,-343 637,-309Q610,-275 610,-233Q610,-132 701,-76Q673,-55 631,-55Q575,-55 539,-95Q503,-135 502,-191Q501,-235 527.5,-270.5Q554,-306 596,-317L596,-338L58,-338L58,-317L254,-317Q289,-317 313,-292.5Q337,-268 338,-233Q339,-193 301,-166Q268,-142 226,-142Q187,-142 158,-162Q125,-185 124,-223Q123,-249 138,-261L117,-275Q104,-256 103,-223Q102,-172 147,-140Q187,-111 240,-111Q296,-111 336,-144Q380,-179 380,-233Q380,-293 331,-317L551,-317Q481,-279 481,-191Q481,-121 528,-74.5Q575,-28 645,-27Q714,-26 760,-82Q802,-134 803,-205ZM761,-198Q761,-130 715,-90Q633,-137 631,-230Q630,-263 649,-288Q668,-313 701,-314Q731,-315 748,-269Q761,-234 761,-198Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ച്ഛ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1y15q3d"><i>(ccha)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2C ബ MALAYALAM LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1157 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1099,0L664,0L664,30Q720,57 754,112Q788,167 789,230Q790,302 744.5,355.5Q699,409 629,410Q577,411 540.5,371.5Q504,332 504,280L504,0L454,0L454,280Q454,339 402,376Q355,409 294,410Q210,411 147.5,352Q85,293 89,210L90,185L94,155Q100,200 134,230Q168,260 214,260Q269,260 306,222.5Q343,185 344,130Q345,73 305.5,34Q266,-5 209,-5Q131,-5 91,67Q59,125 59,210Q57,309 128,376.5Q199,444 299,445Q420,446 479,345Q526,444 644,445Q730,446 790,380Q847,317 849,230Q849,165 826,113Q797,50 744,30L1049,30L1049,440L1099,440L1099,0ZM284,125Q285,163 260.5,194Q236,225 199,225Q161,225 138,194.5Q115,164 114,125Q113,88 137,59.5Q161,31 199,30Q236,29 259,58Q282,87 284,125Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ബ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D2C ബ MALAYALAM LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1157 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1099,0L664,0L664,30Q720,57 754,112Q788,167 789,230Q790,302 744.5,355.5Q699,409 629,410Q577,411 540.5,371.5Q504,332 504,280L504,0L454,0L454,280Q454,339 402,376Q355,409 294,410Q210,411 147.5,352Q85,293 89,210L90,185L94,155Q100,200 134,230Q168,260 214,260Q269,260 306,222.5Q343,185 344,130Q345,73 305.5,34Q266,-5 209,-5Q131,-5 91,67Q59,125 59,210Q57,309 128,376.5Q199,444 299,445Q420,446 479,345Q526,444 644,445Q730,446 790,380Q847,317 849,230Q849,165 826,113Q797,50 744,30L1049,30L1049,440L1099,440L1099,0ZM284,125Q285,163 260.5,194Q236,225 199,225Q161,225 138,194.5Q115,164 114,125Q113,88 137,59.5Q161,31 199,30Q236,29 259,58Q282,87 284,125Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ബ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D2C ബ MALAYALAM LETTER BA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D2C ബ MALAYALAM LETTER BA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1270 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1198,-195L488,-195L488,-190L1053,0L708,0L708,30Q798,91 798,230Q798,300 756,350Q711,404 643,405Q561,406 528,312Q518,284 518,255L518,0L468,0L468,270Q468,333 412,371Q364,405 298,405Q210,405 154,332Q103,265 103,175Q103,154 113,140Q113,190 145.5,225Q178,260 228,260Q281,260 314,222Q347,184 348,130Q349,74 313.5,32.5Q278,-9 223,-10Q152,-11 109,60Q73,119 73,195Q71,298 138.5,374Q206,450 308,450Q375,450 427,422Q489,390 503,330Q516,383 555,416.5Q594,450 648,450Q734,450 792,382Q848,318 848,230Q848,94 778,30L1148,30L1148,440L1198,440L1198,-195ZM1148,-165L1148,-10L688,-165L1148,-165ZM298,135Q298,173 274,201Q250,229 213,230Q178,231 157,196Q139,167 138,130Q136,92 158,63Q180,31 218,30Q255,29 278,65Q298,96 298,135Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ബ്ബ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-lrcm5b"><i>(bba)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D28 ന MALAYALAM LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 811 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M771,220Q771,147 735.5,86Q700,25 636,-5L616,20Q662,45 686,107Q706,158 706,220Q706,290 671,346Q632,410 566,410Q508,410 467,373.5Q426,337 426,280L426,0L376,0L376,280Q376,334 335.5,372Q295,410 241,410Q166,410 117,351Q71,296 71,220Q71,152 107,97.5Q143,43 206,20L191,-5Q120,21 80,86Q41,148 41,225Q41,313 99.5,379Q158,445 246,445Q298,445 341,422Q389,396 406,350Q422,398 475,423Q519,445 576,445Q662,445 718,374Q771,308 771,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ന</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 887 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M843,255Q843,137 776.5,66.5Q710,-4 593,-5Q538,-5 473,25Q392,-5 303,-5Q191,-5 115,71.5Q39,148 38,260Q37,337 84.5,390.5Q132,444 208,445Q265,446 305,400Q341,360 353,300Q362,360 407.5,402.5Q453,445 513,445Q563,445 602.5,415.5Q642,386 661,338Q673,308 673,270Q673,198 628,136Q587,79 518,45Q544,30 628,30Q712,30 764,100Q812,163 813,250Q814,363 743,425L768,445Q805,415 825,358Q843,308 843,255ZM613,255Q614,310 586,354Q555,404 503,405Q444,406 407,350Q374,302 373,240Q372,187 401.5,139.5Q431,92 478,65Q539,86 575.5,138Q612,190 613,255ZM433,50Q330,108 303,247Q293,300 268,344Q235,405 193,405Q139,405 105,358Q74,316 73,260Q72,159 151,91Q226,25 328,25Q380,25 433,50Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D28 ന MALAYALAM LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 811 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M771,220Q771,147 735.5,86Q700,25 636,-5L616,20Q662,45 686,107Q706,158 706,220Q706,290 671,346Q632,410 566,410Q508,410 467,373.5Q426,337 426,280L426,0L376,0L376,280Q376,334 335.5,372Q295,410 241,410Q166,410 117,351Q71,296 71,220Q71,152 107,97.5Q143,43 206,20L191,-5Q120,21 80,86Q41,148 41,225Q41,313 99.5,379Q158,445 246,445Q298,445 341,422Q389,396 406,350Q422,398 475,423Q519,445 576,445Q662,445 718,374Q771,308 771,220Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ന</span></span></span><span title="U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 277 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M320,-180Q320,-246 271,-290Q222,-334 155,-335Q92,-336 46.5,-294.5Q1,-253 0,-190Q-1,-139 45,-100Q65,-83 65,-45Q65,-22 45,-15L60,25Q105,-7 105,-40Q105,-91 65,-125Q31,-154 30,-200Q29,-245 71,-274Q108,-300 155,-300Q206,-300 240,-265.5Q274,-231 275,-180Q276,-97 220,-30Q145,60 145,170L145,440L195,440L195,170Q195,71 275,-25Q320,-79 320,-180Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">്യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1tg6uzm"><i>(nya)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 785 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M730,0L260,0L260,30Q300,37 326,76Q350,112 350,155Q350,207 311.5,243Q273,279 220,280Q161,281 123,240Q85,199 85,140Q85,50 150,20L135,-5Q55,39 55,145Q55,218 105.5,268.5Q156,319 230,320Q303,321 356,271.5Q409,222 410,150Q411,64 350,30L680,30L680,440L730,440L730,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 578 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M537,190Q537,116 499,60Q457,-5 387,-5Q318,-5 277,58Q242,113 242,185Q242,247 270,300Q298,353 352,380Q326,405 272,405Q186,405 128.5,343.5Q71,282 71,196Q71,76 142,15L117,-5Q42,56 42,190Q42,295 109.5,370Q177,445 282,445Q388,445 462.5,371Q537,297 537,190ZM477,195Q477,289 377,360Q272,302 272,190Q272,133 295,87Q325,30 377,30Q425,30 454,91Q477,139 477,195Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ര</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 875 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M830,0Q662,-135 471,-135Q428,-135 377,-129Q274,-117 229,-104Q154,-81 102,-26Q17,62 17,151Q17,229 88,332L123,332Q50,242 50,168Q50,93 119,12Q210,-95 433,-95Q521,-95 602,-74Q699,-49 753,0L360,0L360,30Q400,37 426,76Q450,112 450,155Q450,207 411,243.5Q372,280 320,280Q261,280 223,240Q185,200 185,140Q185,50 250,20L235,-5Q155,39 155,145Q155,218 206,269Q257,320 330,320Q403,320 456.5,271Q510,222 510,150Q510,63 450,30L780,30L780,440L830,440L830,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പ്ര</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-9tpb4h"><i>(pra)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 802 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,205Q761,131 728,70Q688,-5 621,-5Q563,-5 529,50Q501,97 501,159Q501,289 616,360Q577,405 521,405Q452,405 411,337Q376,280 376,206Q376,132 343,70Q303,-5 236,-5Q150,-5 95,58Q41,118 41,205Q41,279 75,344Q109,409 171,445L196,415Q101,352 101,200Q101,136 136,88Q174,35 236,35Q287,35 317,95Q339,142 341,200Q344,295 389,364Q442,445 531,445Q630,445 695.5,374.5Q761,304 761,205ZM696,190Q696,281 636,335Q531,274 531,150Q531,108 552,74Q576,35 616,35Q656,35 679,95Q696,140 696,190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 673 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M654,585Q655,533 600,502Q554,476 499,475Q442,474 395,496Q335,524 334,575Q333,614 369,650L414,620Q400,611 394,580Q394,545 431,526Q459,511 499,510Q539,509 574,529Q614,552 614,590Q614,607 589,625L614,650Q653,629 654,585ZM458,359Q468,341 450,331Q432,321 422,339Q412,357 430,367Q448,377 458,359ZM379,417Q369,399 351,410Q333,420 344,438Q354,456 372,445Q390,435 379,417ZM275,456Q275,436 254,436Q234,436 234,456Q234,477 254,477Q275,477 275,456ZM489,242Q489,221 469,221Q448,221 448,242Q448,262 469,262Q489,262 489,242ZM165,438Q175,420 157,410Q139,399 129,417Q119,435 137,445Q155,456 165,438ZM458,124Q448,106 430,117Q412,127 422,145Q432,163 450,152Q468,142 458,124ZM379,66Q390,48 372,38Q354,28 344,46Q333,64 351,74Q369,84 379,66ZM86,339Q76,321 58,331Q40,341 51,359Q61,377 79,367Q97,357 86,339ZM275,27Q275,7 254,7Q234,7 234,27Q234,48 254,48Q275,48 275,27ZM60,242Q60,221 40,221Q19,221 19,242Q19,262 40,262Q60,262 60,242ZM86,145Q97,127 79,117Q61,106 51,124Q40,142 58,152Q76,163 86,145ZM165,46Q155,28 137,38Q119,48 129,66Q139,84 157,74Q175,64 165,46Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 829 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M752,0L307,0L307,30Q358,47 385,108Q407,158 407,220Q407,295 359,349.5Q311,404 237,405Q161,406 114,336Q72,275 72,195Q72,66 187,18L167,-5Q109,23 76,78.5Q43,134 42,200Q41,294 93,366Q151,445 242,445Q337,445 402,378Q467,311 467,215Q467,78 377,30L702,30L702,440L752,440L752,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D36 ശ MALAYALAM LETTER SHA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 802 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M761,205Q761,131 728,70Q688,-5 621,-5Q563,-5 529,50Q501,97 501,159Q501,289 616,360Q577,405 521,405Q452,405 411,337Q376,280 376,206Q376,132 343,70Q303,-5 236,-5Q150,-5 95,58Q41,118 41,205Q41,279 75,344Q109,409 171,445L196,415Q101,352 101,200Q101,136 136,88Q174,35 236,35Q287,35 317,95Q339,142 341,200Q344,295 389,364Q442,445 531,445Q630,445 695.5,374.5Q761,304 761,205ZM696,190Q696,281 636,335Q531,274 531,150Q531,108 552,74Q576,35 616,35Q656,35 679,95Q696,140 696,190Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ശ</span></span></span><span title="U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 409 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M335,0L5,0L5,30L285,30L285,440L335,440L335,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1u5qxoq"><i>(śva)</i></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>When the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> sign is visibly shown in Malayalam, it indicates either the suppression of the preceding vowel or its replacement with a neutral vowel sound. This sound is often called “half-u” or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-12s2h8j">samvruthokaram</i>. In various orthographies this sound is typically spelled with either a vowel sign -u followed by <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> or a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> alone. In vernacular orthographies, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> can also be seen on an independent vowel letter or preceding an <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1avi8j5">anusvara</i>. In all cases, the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> sign is represented by the character <span title="U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D4D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, which follows any vowel sign that may be present and precedes any <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13q1i37">anusvara </i>that may be present. Implementations need to pay careful attention to correctly shape a Malayalam orthographic syllable when U+0D4D occurs in such locations. Examples are shown in <a href="#G694221" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-35</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G694221" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G694221" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-35.</span> Candrakkala Examples</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0073 s LATIN SMALL LETTER S"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 2698 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M2242,-124Q2242,-56 2283.5,-4Q2325,48 2389,59Q2431,216 2447,285.5Q2463,355 2463,395Q2463,439 2434,470Q2405,501 2364,501L2387,566Q2445,556 2483,507.5Q2521,459 2521,395Q2521,329 2502.5,244.5Q2484,160 2447,59Q2514,53 2560,0.5Q2606,-52 2606,-124Q2606,-199 2552.5,-252.5Q2499,-306 2424,-306Q2349,-306 2295.5,-252.5Q2242,-199 2242,-124L2242,-124ZM2310,-124Q2310,-175 2346.5,-211Q2383,-247 2434,-247Q2485,-247 2521,-211Q2557,-175 2557,-124Q2557,-73 2521,-36.5Q2485,0 2434,0Q2383,0 2346.5,-36.5Q2310,-73 2310,-124L2310,-124ZM2346,762Q2346,785 2358.5,806Q2371,827 2392,839L2439,809Q2428,800 2422,787.5Q2416,775 2416,762Q2416,733 2440,712.5Q2464,692 2498,692Q2532,692 2556,712.5Q2580,733 2580,762Q2580,776 2573.5,787.5Q2567,799 2556,809L2603,839Q2625,826 2637.5,805.5Q2650,785 2650,762Q2650,709 2605.5,671Q2561,633 2498,633Q2435,633 2390.5,671Q2346,709 2346,762L2346,762ZM1587,359L1587,300L1897,300L1897,359Q1897,429 1851.5,479Q1806,529 1741,529Q1677,529 1632,479Q1587,429 1587,359L1587,359ZM2121,585L2191,585L2191,0L1516,0L1516,359Q1516,458 1582,528.5Q1648,599 1741,599Q1834,599 1900,528.5Q1966,458 1966,359L1966,230L1587,230L1587,70L2121,70L2121,585L2121,585ZM1003,377Q1003,469 1063,533.5Q1123,598 1208,598Q1297,598 1360.5,508.5Q1424,419 1424,293Q1424,166 1360.5,76.5Q1297,-13 1208,-13Q1123,-13 1063,51.5Q1003,116 1003,208L1073,208Q1073,145 1112.5,101Q1152,57 1208,57Q1268,57 1311,126Q1354,195 1354,293Q1354,390 1311,459Q1268,528 1208,528Q1152,528 1112.5,484Q1073,440 1073,377L1003,377L1003,377ZM33,204Q33,299 94.5,366Q156,433 243,433Q330,433 392,366Q454,299 454,204Q454,162 442,127.5Q430,93 407,70L852,70L852,585L922,585L922,0L313,0L313,70Q346,89 365,125Q384,161 384,204Q384,270 342.5,316.5Q301,363 243,363Q185,363 144,316.5Q103,270 103,204Q103,163 130,124.5Q157,86 203,59L166,0Q105,28 69,83.5Q33,139 33,204L33,204Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">s</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-qrvill">/pālə/ milk</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1atra89">0D2A, 0D3E, 0D32, 0D41, 0D4D</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0074 t LATIN SMALL LETTER T"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 3240 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M2783,377Q2783,469 2843,533.5Q2903,598 2988,598Q3077,598 3140.5,508.5Q3204,419 3204,293Q3204,166 3140.5,76.5Q3077,-13 2988,-13Q2903,-13 2843,51.5Q2783,116 2783,208L2853,208Q2853,145 2892.5,101Q2932,57 2988,57Q3048,57 3091,126Q3134,195 3134,293Q3134,390 3091,459Q3048,528 2988,528Q2932,528 2892.5,484Q2853,440 2853,377L2783,377L2783,377ZM1436,269Q1436,403 1511.5,497.5Q1587,592 1693,592Q1753,592 1804,559.5Q1855,527 1880,473Q1905,527 1953,559.5Q2001,592 2056,592Q2111,592 2158.5,559.5Q2206,527 2231,473Q2256,527 2307,559.5Q2358,592 2418,592Q2525,592 2600.5,497.5Q2676,403 2676,269Q2676,187 2643.5,114.5Q2611,42 2552,-7L2487,34Q2544,81 2575,143Q2606,205 2606,269Q2606,373 2551,447Q2496,521 2418,521Q2355,521 2310.5,464.5Q2266,408 2266,328L2266,0L2196,0L2196,328Q2196,408 2155,464.5Q2114,521 2056,521Q1998,521 1956.5,464.5Q1915,408 1915,328L1915,0L1845,0L1845,328Q1845,408 1800.5,464.5Q1756,521 1693,521Q1616,521 1561,447Q1506,373 1506,269Q1506,183 1534.5,117Q1563,51 1612,23L1547,-12Q1494,32 1465,106Q1436,180 1436,269L1436,269ZM1086,762Q1086,785 1098.5,806Q1111,827 1132,839L1179,809Q1168,800 1162,787.5Q1156,775 1156,762Q1156,733 1180,712.5Q1204,692 1238,692Q1272,692 1296,712.5Q1320,733 1320,762Q1320,775 1313.5,787Q1307,799 1296,809L1343,839Q1365,826 1377.5,805.5Q1390,785 1390,762Q1390,709 1345.5,671Q1301,633 1238,633Q1175,633 1130.5,671Q1086,709 1086,762L1086,762ZM35,222Q35,324 101,396Q167,468 260,468Q353,468 419,396Q485,324 485,222Q485,182 470,143Q455,104 426,70L590,70Q590,283 696.5,434Q803,585 953,585Q1098,585 1201,448Q1304,311 1304,117Q1304,-31 1250.5,-147Q1197,-263 1105,-316L1065,-269Q1143,-224 1188.5,-120.5Q1234,-17 1234,117Q1234,282 1151.5,398.5Q1069,515 953,515Q832,515 746,384.5Q660,254 660,70L918,70L918,351L988,356L988,-140Q988,-213 943.5,-264.5Q899,-316 836,-316Q734,-316 662,-223.5Q590,-131 590,0L298,0L298,70Q349,79 382,122Q415,165 415,222Q415,295 370.5,346.5Q326,398 263,398Q198,398 151.5,346.5Q105,295 105,222Q105,166 131,122.5Q157,79 199,64L169,0Q109,22 72,83Q35,144 35,222L35,222ZM660,0Q660,-104 711.5,-177.5Q763,-251 836,-251Q870,-251 894,-218.5Q918,-186 918,-140L918,0L660,0L660,0Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">t</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1o12hbn">/ənnā/ on which day? (vernacular)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1t7lmwt">0D0E, 0D4D, 0D28, 0D4D, 0D28, 0D3E</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0075 u LATIN SMALL LETTER U"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 4566 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M4043,221Q4043,318 4111.5,386.5Q4180,455 4277,455Q4374,455 4442.5,386.5Q4511,318 4511,221Q4511,124 4442.5,55.5Q4374,-13 4277,-13Q4180,-13 4111.5,55.5Q4043,124 4043,221L4043,221ZM4113,221Q4113,153 4161,105Q4209,57 4277,57Q4345,57 4392.5,105Q4440,153 4440,221Q4440,289 4392.5,337Q4345,385 4277,385Q4209,385 4161,337Q4113,289 4113,221L4113,221ZM3706,762Q3706,785 3718.5,806Q3731,827 3752,839L3799,809Q3788,800 3782,787.5Q3776,775 3776,762Q3776,733 3800,712.5Q3824,692 3858,692Q3892,692 3916,712.5Q3940,733 3940,762Q3940,775 3933.5,787Q3927,799 3916,809L3963,839Q3985,826 3997.5,805.5Q4010,785 4010,762Q4010,709 3965.5,671Q3921,633 3858,633Q3795,633 3750.5,671Q3706,709 3706,762L3706,762ZM3297,359L3297,300L3607,300L3607,359Q3607,429 3561.5,479Q3516,529 3451,529Q3387,529 3342,479Q3297,429 3297,359L3297,359ZM3831,585L3901,585L3901,0L3226,0L3226,359Q3226,458 3292,528.5Q3358,599 3451,599Q3544,599 3610,528.5Q3676,458 3676,359L3676,230L3297,230L3297,70L3831,70L3831,585L3831,585ZM2775,705Q2775,763 2819.5,804Q2864,845 2927,845Q3014,845 3076,786.5Q3138,728 3138,646L3138,0L3068,0L3068,634Q3068,685 3049,721.5Q3030,758 3003,758Q3007,746 3009.5,733Q3012,720 3012,706Q3012,655 2977,618.5Q2942,582 2892,582Q2844,582 2809.5,618Q2775,654 2775,705L2775,705ZM2834,705Q2834,676 2851,655Q2868,634 2892,634Q2916,634 2933.5,655Q2951,676 2951,705Q2951,734 2933.5,754.5Q2916,775 2892,775Q2868,775 2851,754.5Q2834,734 2834,705L2834,705ZM2675,199Q2675,143 2699,103.5Q2723,64 2757,64Q2798,64 2827.5,120.5Q2857,177 2857,257Q2857,308 2842,353.5Q2827,399 2798,433Q2740,384 2707.5,322.5Q2675,261 2675,199L2675,199ZM2078,328Q2078,434 2140,509.5Q2202,585 2289,585L2324,585L2324,515L2289,515Q2231,515 2189.5,460Q2148,405 2148,328L2148,257Q2148,177 2189.5,120.5Q2231,64 2289,64Q2347,64 2388,120.5Q2429,177 2429,257L2429,328Q2429,437 2492.5,514.5Q2556,592 2646,592Q2762,592 2844.5,494Q2927,396 2927,257Q2927,148 2877,70.5Q2827,-7 2757,-7Q2694,-7 2649.5,53.5Q2605,114 2605,199Q2605,285 2645.5,358.5Q2686,432 2757,473Q2744,495 2714.5,508Q2685,521 2646,521Q2585,521 2542,464.5Q2499,408 2499,328L2499,257Q2499,148 2437.5,70.5Q2376,-7 2289,-7Q2202,-7 2140,70.5Q2078,148 2078,257L2078,328L2078,328ZM725,222Q725,324 791,396Q857,468 950,468Q1043,468 1109,396Q1175,324 1175,222Q1175,182 1160,143Q1145,104 1116,70L1280,70Q1280,283 1386.5,434Q1493,585 1643,585Q1788,585 1891,448Q1994,311 1994,117Q1994,-31 1940.5,-147Q1887,-263 1795,-316L1755,-269Q1833,-224 1878.5,-120.5Q1924,-17 1924,117Q1924,282 1841.5,398.5Q1759,515 1643,515Q1522,515 1436,384.5Q1350,254 1350,70L1608,70L1608,351L1678,356L1678,-140Q1678,-213 1633.5,-264.5Q1589,-316 1526,-316Q1424,-316 1352,-223.5Q1280,-131 1280,0L988,0L988,70Q1039,79 1072,122Q1105,165 1105,222Q1105,295 1060.5,346.5Q1016,398 953,398Q888,398 841.5,346.5Q795,295 795,222Q795,166 821,122.5Q847,79 889,64L859,0Q799,22 762,83Q725,144 725,222L725,222ZM1350,0Q1350,-104 1401.5,-177.5Q1453,-251 1526,-251Q1560,-251 1584,-218.5Q1608,-186 1608,-140L1608,0L1350,0L1350,0ZM134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176L134,176ZM40,257Q40,396 129.5,494Q219,592 345,592Q471,592 560,501Q649,410 649,281Q649,193 615,116Q581,39 520,-12L468,36Q521,80 550,144.5Q579,209 579,281Q579,380 510.5,450.5Q442,521 345,521Q248,521 179.5,452Q111,383 111,286Q125,316 156.5,333.5Q188,351 228,351Q296,351 343.5,299.5Q391,248 391,176Q391,103 343.5,51.5Q296,0 228,0Q150,0 95,75.5Q40,151 40,257L40,257Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">u</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-r86auq">/aiśīləm/ than ice (vernacular)</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-zffe0d">0D10, 0D36, 0D40, 0D32, 0D4D, 0D02</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G706075" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706075" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Explicit Candrakkala.</span></span> The sequence <C1, virama, ZWNJ, C2>, where C1 and C2 are consonants, may be used to request display with an explicit visible <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i>, instead of the default conjunct form. See <a href="#G706410" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-36</a> for an example. This convention is consistent with the use of this sequence in other Indic scripts.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G706080" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706080" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Requesting Traditional Ligatures.</span></span> The sequence <C1, ZWJ, virama, C2> may be used to request traditional ligatures, even if the current font defaults to the conjuncts appropriate for the reformed orthography. When such sequences occur, a closed or cursively connected ligature should be displayed, if available. See <a href="#G706410" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-36</a> for examples. This convention is consistent with the use of this sequence in some other Indic scripts, such as Kannada, Oriya, and Telugu.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G706085" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706085" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Requesting Open Forms of Conjuncts.</span></span> The sequence <C1, ZWNJ, virama, C2> may be used to request open ligatures or those used in the reformed orthography, even if the current font defaults to the conjuncts appropriate for the traditional orthography. When such sequences occur, an open or disconnected conjunct form should be displayed, if available. See <a href="#G706410" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-36</a> for examples. Note that such sequences are defined for Malayalam only, and are left undefined for other Indic scripts.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G706410" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706410" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-36.</span> Use of Joiners in Malayalam</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 99,163L99,163ZM368,274Q368,184 409,120.5Q450,57 508,57Q566,57 606.5,120.5Q647,184 647,274L368,274L368,274ZM368,345L647,345Q647,421 606.5,474.5Q566,528 508,528Q450,528 409,474.5Q368,421 368,345L368,345ZM29,163Q29,238 84,291.5Q139,345 216,345L298,345Q298,450 359.5,524Q421,598 508,598Q595,598 656.5,524Q718,450 718,345L819,345Q889,345 938,291.5Q987,238 987,163Q987,90 942.5,38.5Q898,-13 835,-13Q804,-13 776.5,-4Q749,5 729,22L748,86Q765,72 787.5,64.5Q810,57 835,57Q869,57 893,88Q917,119 917,163Q917,209 888.5,241.5Q860,274 819,274L718,274Q718,155 656.5,71Q595,-13 508,-13Q456,-13 411,21.5Q366,56 346,112Q326,56 283.5,21.5Q241,-13 192,-13Q124,-13 76.5,38.5Q29,90 29,163L29,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 649 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M398,110Q423,64 464,64Q503,64 530.5,110.5Q558,157 558,222Q558,290 534,355.5Q510,421 464,475Q423,427 394,356Q366,289 364,245Q360,178 398,110ZM148,494Q231,592 347,592Q463,592 545.5,483.5Q628,375 628,222Q628,127 580,60Q532,-7 464,-7Q396,-7 348,60Q300,127 300,222Q300,304 330,376Q360,448 411,503Q401,512 384.5,516.5Q368,521 347,521Q260,521 198,443.5Q136,366 136,257Q136,190 157.5,135Q179,80 218,47L172,0Q122,42 94,110Q53,204 64,292Q78,408 148,494Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1243 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M116,585L186,585Q160,452 147,336Q134,220 134,122Q134,7 186.5,-52Q239,-111 341,-111L341,-181Q204,-181 134,-104.5Q64,-28 64,122Q64,220 77,336Q90,452 116,585L116,585ZM327,163Q327,119 354,88Q381,57 420,57Q464,57 495,103.5Q526,150 526,216L526,274L444,274Q396,274 361.5,241.5Q327,209 327,163L327,163ZM596,274Q596,184 637,120.5Q678,57 736,57Q794,57 834.5,120.5Q875,184 875,274L596,274L596,274ZM596,345L875,345Q875,421 834.5,474.5Q794,528 736,528Q678,528 637,474.5Q596,421 596,345L596,345ZM257,163Q257,238 312,291.5Q367,345 444,345L526,345Q526,450 587.5,524Q649,598 736,598Q823,598 884.5,524Q946,450 946,345L1047,345Q1117,345 1166,291.5Q1215,238 1215,163Q1215,90 1170.5,38.5Q1126,-13 1063,-13Q1032,-13 1004.5,-4Q977,5 957,22L976,86Q993,72 1015.5,64.5Q1038,57 1063,57Q1097,57 1121,88Q1145,119 1145,163Q1145,209 1116.5,241.5Q1088,274 1047,274L946,274Q946,155 884.5,71Q823,-13 736,-13Q684,-13 639,21.5Q594,56 574,112Q554,56 511.5,21.5Q469,-13 420,-13Q352,-13 304.5,38.5Q257,90 257,163L257,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ਰ</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1159 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M314.5,241.5Q280,209 280,164Q280,119 307,88Q334,57 375.5,57Q417,57 448,103.5Q479,150 479,216L479,274L397,274Q349,274 314.5,241.5ZM549,274Q549,184 590,120.5Q631,57 689,57Q747,57 787.5,120.5Q828,184 828,274L549,274ZM549,345L828,345Q828,421 787.5,474.5Q747,528 689,528Q631,528 590,474.5Q549,421 549,345ZM899,345Q974,347 1042.5,291Q1111,235 1116.5,126Q1122,17 1005.5,-112.5Q889,-242 720,-241L481,-240Q320,-239 181,-117Q64,-14 65,137Q66,378 202,511L261,472Q123,313 134,136Q142,10 235,-67Q361,-169 481,-170L720,-171Q847,-172 945,-68.5Q1043,35 1045,133Q1046,185 1011.5,227.5Q977,270 899,274Q899,155 837.5,71Q776,-13 689,-13Q637,-13 592,21.5Q547,56 527,112Q507,56 464.5,21.5Q422,-13 373,-13Q305,-13 257.5,38.5Q210,90 210,164Q210,238 265,291.5Q320,345 397,345L479,345Q479,450 540.5,524Q602,598 689,598Q776,598 837.5,524Q899,450 899,345Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4436ji"><i>(kra)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1138 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 99,163L99,163ZM368,274Q368,184 409,120.5Q450,57 508,57Q566,57 606.5,120.5Q647,184 647,274L368,274L368,274ZM368,345L647,345Q647,421 606.5,474.5Q566,528 508,528Q450,528 409,474.5Q368,421 368,345L368,345ZM29,163Q29,238 84,291.5Q139,345 216,345L298,345Q298,450 359.5,524Q421,598 508,598Q595,598 656.5,524Q718,450 718,345L819,345Q889,345 938,291.5Q987,238 987,163Q987,90 942.5,38.5Q898,-13 835,-13Q804,-13 776.5,-4Q749,5 729,22L748,86Q765,72 787.5,64.5Q810,57 835,57Q869,57 893,88Q917,119 917,163Q917,209 888.5,241.5Q860,274 819,274L718,274Q718,155 656.5,71Q595,-13 508,-13Q456,-13 411,21.5Q366,56 346,112Q326,56 283.5,21.5Q241,-13 192,-13Q124,-13 76.5,38.5Q29,90 29,163L29,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1138 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,309Q43,423 108,504Q173,585 265,585Q316,585 360.5,554.5Q405,524 429,473Q453,524 503.5,554.5Q554,585 616,585Q689,585 740.5,533.5Q792,482 792,410Q792,375 780,306Q768,237 768,202Q768,147 802.5,108.5Q837,70 885,70Q943,70 984.5,135.5Q1026,201 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,172 1034,86Q972,0 885,0Q808,0 753,59Q698,118 698,202Q698,237 710,306Q722,375 722,410Q722,453 691,484Q660,515 616,515Q553,515 508.5,472Q464,429 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,429 356,472Q318,515 265,515Q202,515 157.5,454.5Q113,394 113,309Q113,228 145.5,160Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,125Q43,208 43,309L43,309ZM376,-256Q376,-210 421,-177Q466,-144 529,-144L588,-144Q588,-84 626.5,-42Q665,0 719,0Q772,0 809,-42Q846,-84 846,-144L905,-144Q968,-144 1012,-177Q1056,-210 1056,-256Q1056,-301 1019,-333Q982,-365 930,-365Q906,-365 883.5,-359Q861,-353 842,-341L859,-289Q875,-299 893,-304Q911,-309 930,-309Q954,-309 971,-293.5Q988,-278 988,-256Q988,-233 963.5,-216.5Q939,-200 905,-200L846,-200Q846,-268 808.5,-316.5Q771,-365 718,-365Q688,-365 662.5,-349Q637,-333 624,-306Q602,-334 572,-349.5Q542,-365 510,-365Q454,-365 415,-333Q376,-301 376,-256L376,-256ZM434,-256Q434,-278 456.5,-293.5Q479,-309 510,-309Q542,-309 565,-286.5Q588,-264 588,-233L588,-200L529,-200Q490,-200 462,-216.5Q434,-233 434,-256L434,-256ZM654,-200Q654,-245 672.5,-277Q691,-309 718,-309Q742,-309 759,-277Q776,-245 776,-200L654,-200L654,-200ZM654,-144L776,-144Q776,-106 759,-79Q742,-52 718,-52Q691,-52 672.5,-79Q654,-106 654,-144L654,-144Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ്ക</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2153 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1237,163Q1237,119 1264,88Q1291,57 1330,57Q1374,57 1405,103.5Q1436,150 1436,216L1436,274L1354,274Q1306,274 1271.5,241.5Q1237,209 1237,163L1237,163ZM1506,274Q1506,184 1547,120.5Q1588,57 1646,57Q1704,57 1744.5,120.5Q1785,184 1785,274L1506,274L1506,274ZM1506,345L1785,345Q1785,421 1744.5,474.5Q1704,528 1646,528Q1588,528 1547,474.5Q1506,421 1506,345L1506,345ZM1167,163Q1167,238 1222,291.5Q1277,345 1354,345L1436,345Q1436,450 1497.5,524Q1559,598 1646,598Q1733,598 1794.5,524Q1856,450 1856,345L1957,345Q2027,345 2076,291.5Q2125,238 2125,163Q2125,90 2080.5,38.5Q2036,-13 1973,-13Q1942,-13 1914.5,-4Q1887,5 1867,22L1886,86Q1903,72 1925.5,64.5Q1948,57 1973,57Q2007,57 2031,88Q2055,119 2055,163Q2055,209 2026.5,241.5Q1998,274 1957,274L1856,274Q1856,155 1794.5,71Q1733,-13 1646,-13Q1594,-13 1549,21.5Q1504,56 1484,112Q1464,56 1421.5,21.5Q1379,-13 1330,-13Q1262,-13 1214.5,38.5Q1167,90 1167,163L1167,163ZM826,762Q826,785 838.5,806Q851,827 872,839L919,809Q908,800 902,787.5Q896,775 896,762Q896,733 920,712.5Q944,692 978,692Q1012,692 1036,712.5Q1060,733 1060,762Q1060,775 1053.5,787Q1047,799 1036,809L1083,839Q1105,826 1117.5,805.5Q1130,785 1130,762Q1130,709 1085.5,671Q1041,633 978,633Q915,633 870.5,671Q826,709 826,762L826,762ZM43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ്ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-s95f4p"><i>(ska)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 883 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M348,211Q348,150 375.5,107Q403,64 442,64Q481,64 508.5,107Q536,150 536,211Q536,264 512,321.5Q488,379 442,433Q396,379 372,321.5Q348,264 348,211L348,211ZM44,281Q44,410 122,501Q200,592 311,592Q347,592 381.5,575Q416,558 442,527Q473,558 509,575Q545,592 580,592Q688,592 764,501Q840,410 840,281Q840,199 806,125Q772,51 711,0L664,59Q714,94 742,153Q770,212 770,281Q770,380 714.5,450.5Q659,521 580,521Q561,521 539,510.5Q517,500 494,481Q548,416 577,346.5Q606,277 606,211Q606,121 558,57Q510,-7 442,-7Q374,-7 326,57Q278,121 278,211Q278,270 308.5,338Q339,406 397,475Q382,497 359,509Q336,521 311,521Q229,521 171.5,450.5Q114,380 114,281Q114,212 142,153Q170,94 220,59L173,0Q112,42 78,116.5Q44,191 44,281L44,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1138 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1507 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M347,211Q347,150 374.5,107Q402,64 441,64Q480,64 507,107Q534,150 534,211Q534,265 510,322Q486,379 441,433Q395,379 371,321.5Q347,264 347,211L347,211ZM43,281Q43,407 111.5,496Q180,585 277,585Q327,585 370,566.5Q413,548 441,515Q469,548 514.5,566.5Q560,585 614,585Q665,585 713.5,553.5Q762,522 796,467Q822,521 873.5,553Q925,585 985,585Q1058,585 1109.5,533.5Q1161,482 1161,410Q1161,380 1149.5,322Q1138,264 1138,234Q1138,164 1169,114Q1200,64 1243,64Q1306,64 1350.5,131Q1395,198 1395,293Q1395,364 1357.5,426.5Q1320,489 1255,527L1290,585Q1370,548 1417.5,468.5Q1465,389 1465,293Q1465,169 1400,81Q1335,-7 1243,-7Q1170,-7 1118.5,63.5Q1067,134 1067,234Q1067,264 1079,322Q1091,380 1091,410Q1091,453 1060,484Q1029,515 985,515Q922,515 877.5,461.5Q833,408 833,333L833,0L763,0L763,333Q763,407 720,459.5Q677,512 616,512Q582,512 552,502Q522,492 499,473Q550,422 577.5,354Q605,286 605,211Q605,121 557,57Q509,-7 441,-7Q373,-7 325,57Q277,121 277,211Q277,284 304.5,351Q332,418 382,468Q358,492 331,504.5Q304,517 277,517Q209,517 161,448Q113,379 113,281Q113,225 140.5,167Q168,109 218,59L172,0Q111,51 77,125Q43,199 43,281L43,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത്വ</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2021 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M926,290Q926,415 991,503.5Q1056,592 1148,592Q1199,592 1243.5,561.5Q1288,531 1312,480Q1336,531 1383,561.5Q1430,592 1486,592Q1564,592 1619.5,538.5Q1675,485 1675,410Q1675,370 1663,289.5Q1651,209 1651,169Q1651,126 1679.5,95Q1708,64 1749,64Q1815,64 1862,131Q1909,198 1909,293Q1909,364 1871,426.5Q1833,489 1768,527L1803,585Q1884,547 1931.5,468Q1979,389 1979,293Q1979,169 1911.5,81Q1844,-7 1749,-7Q1679,-7 1630,44.5Q1581,96 1581,169Q1581,209 1593,289.5Q1605,370 1605,410Q1605,456 1572,488.5Q1539,521 1493,521Q1433,521 1390,476Q1347,431 1347,368L1347,0L1277,0L1277,368Q1277,431 1239,476Q1201,521 1148,521Q1085,521 1040.5,453.5Q996,386 996,290Q996,218 1028.5,155Q1061,92 1118,52L1083,0Q1010,42 968,119.5Q926,197 926,290L926,290ZM666,762Q666,785 678.5,806Q691,827 712,839L759,809Q748,800 742,787.5Q736,775 736,762Q736,733 760,712.5Q784,692 818,692Q852,692 876,712.5Q900,733 900,762Q900,775 893.5,787Q887,799 876,809L923,839Q945,826 957.5,805.5Q970,785 970,762Q970,709 925.5,671Q881,633 818,633Q755,633 710.5,671Q666,709 666,762L666,762ZM348,211Q348,150 375.5,107Q403,64 442,64Q481,64 508.5,107Q536,150 536,211Q536,264 512,321.5Q488,379 442,433Q396,379 372,321.5Q348,264 348,211L348,211ZM44,281Q44,410 122,501Q200,592 311,592Q347,592 381.5,575Q416,558 442,527Q473,558 509,575Q545,592 580,592Q688,592 764,501Q840,410 840,281Q840,199 806,125Q772,51 711,0L664,59Q714,94 742,153Q770,212 770,281Q770,380 714.5,450.5Q659,521 580,521Q561,521 539,510.5Q517,500 494,481Q548,416 577,346.5Q606,277 606,211Q606,121 558,57Q510,-7 442,-7Q374,-7 326,57Q278,121 278,211Q278,270 308.5,338Q339,406 397,475Q382,497 359,509Q336,521 311,521Q229,521 171.5,450.5Q114,380 114,281Q114,212 142,153Q170,94 220,59L173,0Q112,42 78,116.5Q44,191 44,281L44,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-55walu"><i>(tsa)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 645 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1043 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,281Q40,412 126,505Q212,598 333,598Q454,598 539.5,505Q625,412 625,281Q625,223 605.5,168.5Q586,114 549,70L894,70L894,585L965,585L965,0L450,0L450,70Q500,112 527.5,167.5Q555,223 555,281Q555,383 490,455.5Q425,528 333,528Q241,528 176,455.5Q111,383 111,281Q111,206 153,145Q195,84 263,59L244,0Q156,16 98,95.5Q40,175 40,281L40,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 708 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,-428Q416,-402 425,-372Q438,-335 438,-294Q438,-202 378.5,-137Q319,-72 234,-72Q149,-72 89,-137Q29,-202 29,-294L29,-294Q29,-368 69.5,-423.5Q110,-479 172,-490L190,-433Q147,-417 120.5,-378.5Q94,-340 94,-293Q94,-228 134.5,-182.5Q175,-137 233.5,-137Q292,-137 332.5,-183Q373,-229 373,-293Q373,-329 356,-364Q339,-399 308,-425L308,-490L676,-490L676,-81L605,-81L605,-428L394,-428ZM31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ്വ</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 882 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,585L879,585L879,-156L567,-156L567,-86L808,-86L808,585ZM31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ്വ</span></span></span> or <span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1688 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M685,281Q685,412 771,505Q857,598 978,598Q1099,598 1184.5,505Q1270,412 1270,281Q1270,223 1250.5,168.5Q1231,114 1194,70L1539,70L1539,585L1610,585L1610,0L1095,0L1095,70Q1145,112 1172.5,167.5Q1200,223 1200,281Q1200,383 1135,455.5Q1070,528 978,528Q886,528 821,455.5Q756,383 756,281Q756,206 798,145Q840,84 908,59L889,0Q801,16 743,95.5Q685,175 685,281L685,281ZM421,762Q421,785 433.5,806Q446,827 467,839L514,809Q503,800 497,787.5Q491,775 491,762Q491,733 515,712.5Q539,692 573,692Q607,692 631,712.5Q655,733 655,762Q655,775 648.5,787Q642,799 631,809L678,839Q700,826 712.5,805.5Q725,785 725,762Q725,709 680.5,671Q636,633 573,633Q510,633 465.5,671Q421,709 421,762L421,762ZM31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-8zawru"><i>(ḻva)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 953 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M112,339Q112,228 180.5,149Q249,70 346,70Q377,70 400.5,73Q424,76 439,82Q383,129 352.5,199.5Q322,270 322,351Q322,424 291,476Q260,528 217,528Q174,528 143,472.5Q112,417 112,339L112,339ZM393,351Q393,268 424.5,202Q456,136 510,105Q568,154 600,218.5Q632,283 632,351Q632,424 597,476Q562,528 512,528Q463,528 428,476Q393,424 393,351L393,351ZM42,339Q42,446 93.5,522Q145,598 217,598Q255,598 294,567.5Q333,537 364,484Q388,536 428,567Q468,598 510,598Q590,598 646,525.5Q702,453 702,351Q702,275 668,204Q634,133 573,82Q588,75 599.5,71.5Q611,68 619,68Q709,68 773,144Q837,220 837,328Q837,393 819,449Q801,505 768,545L828,585Q866,539 886.5,473Q907,407 907,328Q907,192 823,96Q739,0 620,0Q590,0 559,9Q528,18 498,35Q468,18 429.5,9Q391,0 346,0Q220,0 131,99.5Q42,199 42,339L42,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 953 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M112,339Q112,228 180.5,149Q249,70 346,70Q377,70 400.5,73Q424,76 439,82Q383,129 352.5,199.5Q322,270 322,351Q322,424 291,476Q260,528 217,528Q174,528 143,472.5Q112,417 112,339L112,339ZM393,351Q393,268 424.5,202Q456,136 510,105Q568,154 600,218.5Q632,283 632,351Q632,424 597,476Q562,528 512,528Q463,528 428,476Q393,424 393,351L393,351ZM42,339Q42,446 93.5,522Q145,598 217,598Q255,598 294,567.5Q333,537 364,484Q388,536 428,567Q468,598 510,598Q590,598 646,525.5Q702,453 702,351Q702,275 668,204Q634,133 573,82Q588,75 599.5,71.5Q611,68 619,68Q709,68 773,144Q837,220 837,328Q837,393 819,449Q801,505 768,545L828,585Q866,539 886.5,473Q907,407 907,328Q907,192 823,96Q739,0 620,0Q590,0 559,9Q528,18 498,35Q468,18 429.5,9Q391,0 346,0Q220,0 131,99.5Q42,199 42,339L42,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 997 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M104,339Q104,223 174.5,141Q245,59 345,59L462,70Q395,126 358,200Q321,274 321,351Q321,421 290,471Q259,521 216,521Q170,521 137,467.5Q104,414 104,339L104,339ZM391,351Q391,281 421.5,216.5Q452,152 508,105Q564,152 594.5,216.5Q625,281 625,351Q625,421 590.5,471Q556,521 508,521Q460,521 425.5,471Q391,421 391,351L391,351ZM373,-234L859,-234L859,99L373,-234L373,-234ZM40,339Q40,444 91.5,518Q143,592 216,592Q264,592 304,560.5Q344,529 363,478Q382,529 421.5,560.5Q461,592 508,592Q586,592 641,521.5Q696,451 696,351Q696,275 665.5,208Q635,141 579,94Q662,24 760.5,114.5Q859,205 859,351Q859,407 841,455.5Q823,504 789,538L824,585Q874,550 902,483.5Q930,417 930,333L930,-293L192,-293L192,-281L640,8Q606,8 574,15Q542,22 515,35Q485,18 443,9Q401,0 350,0Q222,0 131,99.5Q40,199 40,339L40,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ്യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-d36er5"><i>(yya)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 99,163L99,163ZM368,274Q368,184 409,120.5Q450,57 508,57Q566,57 606.5,120.5Q647,184 647,274L368,274L368,274ZM368,345L647,345Q647,421 606.5,474.5Q566,528 508,528Q450,528 409,474.5Q368,421 368,345L368,345ZM29,163Q29,238 84,291.5Q139,345 216,345L298,345Q298,450 359.5,524Q421,598 508,598Q595,598 656.5,524Q718,450 718,345L819,345Q889,345 938,291.5Q987,238 987,163Q987,90 942.5,38.5Q898,-13 835,-13Q804,-13 776.5,-4Q749,5 729,22L748,86Q765,72 787.5,64.5Q810,57 835,57Q869,57 893,88Q917,119 917,163Q917,209 888.5,241.5Q860,274 819,274L718,274Q718,155 656.5,71Q595,-13 508,-13Q456,-13 411,21.5Q366,56 346,112Q326,56 283.5,21.5Q241,-13 192,-13Q124,-13 76.5,38.5Q29,90 29,163L29,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 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138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 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class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1664 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1391,110Q1416,64 1457,64Q1496,64 1523.5,110.5Q1551,157 1551,222Q1551,290 1527,355.5Q1503,421 1457,475Q1416,427 1387,356Q1359,289 1357,245Q1353,178 1391,110ZM1141,494Q1224,592 1340,592Q1456,592 1538.5,483.5Q1621,375 1621,222Q1621,127 1573,60Q1525,-7 1457,-7Q1389,-7 1341,60Q1293,127 1293,222Q1293,304 1323,376Q1353,448 1404,503Q1394,512 1377.5,516.5Q1361,521 1340,521Q1253,521 1191,443.5Q1129,366 1129,257Q1129,190 1150.5,135Q1172,80 1211,47L1165,0Q1115,42 1087,110Q1046,204 1057,292Q1071,408 1141,494ZM791,762Q791,785 803.5,806Q816,827 837,839L884,809Q873,800 867,787.5Q861,775 861,762Q861,733 885,712.5Q909,692 943,692Q977,692 1001,712.5Q1025,733 1025,762Q1025,775 1018.5,787Q1012,799 1001,809L1048,839Q1070,826 1082.5,805.5Q1095,785 1095,762Q1095,709 1050.5,671Q1006,633 943,633Q880,633 835.5,671Q791,709 791,762L791,762ZM99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 99,163L99,163ZM368,274Q368,184 409,120.5Q450,57 508,57Q566,57 606.5,120.5Q647,184 647,274L368,274L368,274ZM368,345L647,345Q647,421 606.5,474.5Q566,528 508,528Q450,528 409,474.5Q368,421 368,345L368,345ZM29,163Q29,238 84,291.5Q139,345 216,345L298,345Q298,450 359.5,524Q421,598 508,598Q595,598 656.5,524Q718,450 718,345L819,345Q889,345 938,291.5Q987,238 987,163Q987,90 942.5,38.5Q898,-13 835,-13Q804,-13 776.5,-4Q749,5 729,22L748,86Q765,72 787.5,64.5Q810,57 835,57Q869,57 893,88Q917,119 917,163Q917,209 888.5,241.5Q860,274 819,274L718,274Q718,155 656.5,71Q595,-13 508,-13Q456,-13 411,21.5Q366,56 346,112Q326,56 283.5,21.5Q241,-13 192,-13Q124,-13 76.5,38.5Q29,90 29,163L29,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">P</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4436ji"><i>(kra)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 99,163L99,163ZM368,274Q368,184 409,120.5Q450,57 508,57Q566,57 606.5,120.5Q647,184 647,274L368,274L368,274ZM368,345L647,345Q647,421 606.5,474.5Q566,528 508,528Q450,528 409,474.5Q368,421 368,345L368,345ZM29,163Q29,238 84,291.5Q139,345 216,345L298,345Q298,450 359.5,524Q421,598 508,598Q595,598 656.5,524Q718,450 718,345L819,345Q889,345 938,291.5Q987,238 987,163Q987,90 942.5,38.5Q898,-13 835,-13Q804,-13 776.5,-4Q749,5 729,22L748,86Q765,72 787.5,64.5Q810,57 835,57Q869,57 893,88Q917,119 917,163Q917,209 888.5,241.5Q860,274 819,274L718,274Q718,155 656.5,71Q595,-13 508,-13Q456,-13 411,21.5Q366,56 346,112Q326,56 283.5,21.5Q241,-13 192,-13Q124,-13 76.5,38.5Q29,90 29,163L29,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 507,44Q535,44 535,83L535,259L588,259L588,84Q588,1 509,1Q426,1 426,97L426,103L476,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‍</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 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180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 649 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M398,110Q423,64 464,64Q503,64 530.5,110.5Q558,157 558,222Q558,290 534,355.5Q510,421 464,475Q423,427 394,356Q366,289 364,245Q360,178 398,110ZM148,494Q231,592 347,592Q463,592 545.5,483.5Q628,375 628,222Q628,127 580,60Q532,-7 464,-7Q396,-7 348,60Q300,127 300,222Q300,304 330,376Q360,448 411,503Q401,512 384.5,516.5Q368,521 347,521Q260,521 198,443.5Q136,366 136,257Q136,190 157.5,135Q179,80 218,47L172,0Q122,42 94,110Q53,204 64,292Q78,408 148,494Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1159 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M314.5,241.5Q280,209 280,164Q280,119 307,88Q334,57 375.5,57Q417,57 448,103.5Q479,150 479,216L479,274L397,274Q349,274 314.5,241.5ZM549,274Q549,184 590,120.5Q631,57 689,57Q747,57 787.5,120.5Q828,184 828,274L549,274ZM549,345L828,345Q828,421 787.5,474.5Q747,528 689,528Q631,528 590,474.5Q549,421 549,345ZM899,345Q974,347 1042.5,291Q1111,235 1116.5,126Q1122,17 1005.5,-112.5Q889,-242 720,-241L481,-240Q320,-239 181,-117Q64,-14 65,137Q66,378 202,511L261,472Q123,313 134,136Q142,10 235,-67Q361,-169 481,-170L720,-171Q847,-172 945,-68.5Q1043,35 1045,133Q1046,185 1011.5,227.5Q977,270 899,274Q899,155 837.5,71Q776,-13 689,-13Q637,-13 592,21.5Q547,56 527,112Q507,56 464.5,21.5Q422,-13 373,-13Q305,-13 257.5,38.5Q210,90 210,164Q210,238 265,291.5Q320,345 397,345L479,345Q479,450 540.5,524Q602,598 689,598Q776,598 837.5,524Q899,450 899,345Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4436ji"><i>(kra)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1138 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 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180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1138 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D24 ത MALAYALAM LETTER TA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1507 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M347,211Q347,150 374.5,107Q402,64 441,64Q480,64 507,107Q534,150 534,211Q534,265 510,322Q486,379 441,433Q395,379 371,321.5Q347,264 347,211L347,211ZM43,281Q43,407 111.5,496Q180,585 277,585Q327,585 370,566.5Q413,548 441,515Q469,548 514.5,566.5Q560,585 614,585Q665,585 713.5,553.5Q762,522 796,467Q822,521 873.5,553Q925,585 985,585Q1058,585 1109.5,533.5Q1161,482 1161,410Q1161,380 1149.5,322Q1138,264 1138,234Q1138,164 1169,114Q1200,64 1243,64Q1306,64 1350.5,131Q1395,198 1395,293Q1395,364 1357.5,426.5Q1320,489 1255,527L1290,585Q1370,548 1417.5,468.5Q1465,389 1465,293Q1465,169 1400,81Q1335,-7 1243,-7Q1170,-7 1118.5,63.5Q1067,134 1067,234Q1067,264 1079,322Q1091,380 1091,410Q1091,453 1060,484Q1029,515 985,515Q922,515 877.5,461.5Q833,408 833,333L833,0L763,0L763,333Q763,407 720,459.5Q677,512 616,512Q582,512 552,502Q522,492 499,473Q550,422 577.5,354Q605,286 605,211Q605,121 557,57Q509,-7 441,-7Q373,-7 325,57Q277,121 277,211Q277,284 304.5,351Q332,418 382,468Q358,492 331,504.5Q304,517 277,517Q209,517 161,448Q113,379 113,281Q113,225 140.5,167Q168,109 218,59L172,0Q111,51 77,125Q43,199 43,281L43,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ത്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-55walu"><i>(tsa)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 645 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200D ‍ ZERO WIDTH JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM476,103L476,97Q476,44 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180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1043 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,281Q40,412 126,505Q212,598 333,598Q454,598 539.5,505Q625,412 625,281Q625,223 605.5,168.5Q586,114 549,70L894,70L894,585L965,585L965,0L450,0L450,70Q500,112 527.5,167.5Q555,223 555,281Q555,383 490,455.5Q425,528 333,528Q241,528 176,455.5Q111,383 111,281Q111,206 153,145Q195,84 263,59L244,0Q156,16 98,95.5Q40,175 40,281L40,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 708 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M394,-428Q416,-402 425,-372Q438,-335 438,-294Q438,-202 378.5,-137Q319,-72 234,-72Q149,-72 89,-137Q29,-202 29,-294L29,-294Q29,-368 69.5,-423.5Q110,-479 172,-490L190,-433Q147,-417 120.5,-378.5Q94,-340 94,-293Q94,-228 134.5,-182.5Q175,-137 233.5,-137Q292,-137 332.5,-183Q373,-229 373,-293Q373,-329 356,-364Q339,-399 308,-425L308,-490L676,-490L676,-81L605,-81L605,-428L394,-428ZM31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-8zawru"><i>(ḻva)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1015 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M99,163Q99,119 126,88Q153,57 192,57Q236,57 267,103.5Q298,150 298,216L298,274L216,274Q168,274 133.5,241.5Q99,209 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d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 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378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 649 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M398,110Q423,64 464,64Q503,64 530.5,110.5Q558,157 558,222Q558,290 534,355.5Q510,421 464,475Q423,427 394,356Q366,289 364,245Q360,178 398,110ZM148,494Q231,592 347,592Q463,592 545.5,483.5Q628,375 628,222Q628,127 580,60Q532,-7 464,-7Q396,-7 348,60Q300,127 300,222Q300,304 330,376Q360,448 411,503Q401,512 384.5,516.5Q368,521 347,521Q260,521 198,443.5Q136,366 136,257Q136,190 157.5,135Q179,80 218,47L172,0Q122,42 94,110Q53,204 64,292Q78,408 148,494Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0A30 ਰ GURMUKHI LETTER RA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1243 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M116,585L186,585Q160,452 147,336Q134,220 134,122Q134,7 186.5,-52Q239,-111 341,-111L341,-181Q204,-181 134,-104.5Q64,-28 64,122Q64,220 77,336Q90,452 116,585L116,585ZM327,163Q327,119 354,88Q381,57 420,57Q464,57 495,103.5Q526,150 526,216L526,274L444,274Q396,274 361.5,241.5Q327,209 327,163L327,163ZM596,274Q596,184 637,120.5Q678,57 736,57Q794,57 834.5,120.5Q875,184 875,274L596,274L596,274ZM596,345L875,345Q875,421 834.5,474.5Q794,528 736,528Q678,528 637,474.5Q596,421 596,345L596,345ZM257,163Q257,238 312,291.5Q367,345 444,345L526,345Q526,450 587.5,524Q649,598 736,598Q823,598 884.5,524Q946,450 946,345L1047,345Q1117,345 1166,291.5Q1215,238 1215,163Q1215,90 1170.5,38.5Q1126,-13 1063,-13Q1032,-13 1004.5,-4Q977,5 957,22L976,86Q993,72 1015.5,64.5Q1038,57 1063,57Q1097,57 1121,88Q1145,119 1145,163Q1145,209 1116.5,241.5Q1088,274 1047,274L946,274Q946,155 884.5,71Q823,-13 736,-13Q684,-13 639,21.5Q594,56 574,112Q554,56 511.5,21.5Q469,-13 420,-13Q352,-13 304.5,38.5Q257,90 257,163L257,163Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ക്ਰ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-4436ji"><i>(kra)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 645 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 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378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1043 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M40,281Q40,412 126,505Q212,598 333,598Q454,598 539.5,505Q625,412 625,281Q625,223 605.5,168.5Q586,114 549,70L894,70L894,585L965,585L965,0L450,0L450,70Q500,112 527.5,167.5Q555,223 555,281Q555,383 490,455.5Q425,528 333,528Q241,528 176,455.5Q111,383 111,281Q111,206 153,145Q195,84 263,59L244,0Q156,16 98,95.5Q40,175 40,281L40,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0D34 ഴ MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 882 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M808,585L879,585L879,-156L567,-156L567,-86L808,-86L808,585ZM31,445Q31,486 43,522Q55,558 78,585L142,550Q122,526 111.5,499Q101,472 101,445Q101,375 155,326Q209,277 286,277Q296,277 307,278Q318,279 329,281Q309,323 299,358.5Q289,394 289,421Q289,494 336.5,545.5Q384,597 452,597Q520,597 568,547Q616,497 616,426Q616,353 559.5,295Q503,237 417,222Q423,206 426,187Q429,168 429,147Q429,81 389,34Q349,-13 293,-13Q256,-13 221.5,-1Q187,11 160,34L189,86Q214,72 239.5,64.5Q265,57 289,57Q318,57 338.5,83Q359,109 359,146Q359,168 356.5,186Q354,204 350,216Q337,212 321,210Q305,208 287,208Q181,208 106,277.5Q31,347 31,445L31,445ZM359,421Q359,398 368.5,365.5Q378,333 397,293Q462,304 504,342Q546,380 546,426Q546,468 520,497.5Q494,527 458,527Q417,527 388,496Q359,465 359,421L359,421Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഴ്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-8zawru"><i>(ḻva)</i></td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 953 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M112,339Q112,228 180.5,149Q249,70 346,70Q377,70 400.5,73Q424,76 439,82Q383,129 352.5,199.5Q322,270 322,351Q322,424 291,476Q260,528 217,528Q174,528 143,472.5Q112,417 112,339L112,339ZM393,351Q393,268 424.5,202Q456,136 510,105Q568,154 600,218.5Q632,283 632,351Q632,424 597,476Q562,528 512,528Q463,528 428,476Q393,424 393,351L393,351ZM42,339Q42,446 93.5,522Q145,598 217,598Q255,598 294,567.5Q333,537 364,484Q388,536 428,567Q468,598 510,598Q590,598 646,525.5Q702,453 702,351Q702,275 668,204Q634,133 573,82Q588,75 599.5,71.5Q611,68 619,68Q709,68 773,144Q837,220 837,328Q837,393 819,449Q801,505 768,545L828,585Q866,539 886.5,473Q907,407 907,328Q907,192 823,96Q739,0 620,0Q590,0 559,9Q528,18 498,35Q468,18 429.5,9Q391,0 346,0Q220,0 131,99.5Q42,199 42,339L42,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+200C ‌ ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1040 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M990,758L990,665L955,665L955,722L895,722L895,758L990,758ZM989,440L989,328L953,328L953,440L989,440ZM991,271L991,160L954,160L954,271L991,271ZM990,608L990,496L954,496L954,608L990,608ZM50,328L50,440L87,440L87,328L50,328ZM49,497L49,608L86,608L86,497L49,497ZM49,160L49,272L86,272L86,160L49,160ZM50,759L142,759L142,724L85,724L85,664L50,664L50,759ZM368,758L480,758L480,722L368,722L368,758ZM726,760L838,760L838,723L726,723L726,760ZM200,759L312,759L312,723L200,723L200,759ZM548,758L660,758L660,722L548,722L548,758ZM989,-164L897,-164L897,-129L954,-129L954,-69L989,-69L989,-164ZM481,-163L369,-163L369,-127L481,-127L481,-163ZM313,-165L201,-165L201,-128L313,-128L313,-165ZM839,-164L727,-164L727,-128L839,-128L839,-164ZM50,-162L50,-70L86,-70L86,-127L146,-127L146,-162L50,-162ZM661,-163L549,-163L549,-127L661,-127L661,-163ZM991,103L991,-8L954,-8L954,103L991,103ZM49,-9L49,103L86,103L86,-9L49,-9ZM236,379L366,542L239,542L239,586L432,586L432,544L300,379L432,379L432,335L236,335L236,379ZM336,586L336,586ZM541,582L575,438L582,397L589,437L617,582L673,582L711,397L718,436L752,582L805,582L735,330L684,330L645,526L636,477L606,330L557,330L485,582L541,582ZM237,255L293,255L393,79L393,255L442,255L442,3L389,3L287,182L287,3L237,3L237,255ZM342,255L342,255ZM626,103L626,97Q626,44 657,44Q685,44 685,83L685,259L738,259L738,84Q738,1 659,1Q576,1 576,97L576,103L626,103Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">‌</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 841 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M595,802Q595,825 607.5,846Q620,867 641,879L688,849Q677,840 671,827.5Q665,815 665,802Q665,773 689,752.5Q713,732 747,732Q781,732 805,752.5Q829,773 829,802Q829,815 822.5,827Q816,839 805,849L852,879Q874,866 886.5,845.5Q899,825 899,802Q899,749 854.5,711Q810,673 747,673Q684,673 639.5,711Q595,749 595,802L595,802ZM378,649.5Q378,667 390,679Q402,691 420,691Q438,691 450,679Q462,667 462,649.5Q462,632 450,619.5Q438,607 420,607Q402,607 390,619.5Q378,632 378,649.5ZM378,92.5Q378,110 390,123Q402,136 420,136Q438,136 450,123Q462,110 462,92.5Q462,75 450,63Q438,51 420,51Q402,51 390,63Q378,75 378,92.5ZM100,371Q100,389 112,401.5Q124,414 141.5,414Q159,414 172,401.5Q185,389 185,371Q185,353 172,341Q159,329 141.5,329Q124,329 112,341Q100,353 100,371ZM654,371Q654,389 667,401.5Q680,414 698,414Q716,414 728.5,401.5Q741,389 741,371Q741,353 728.5,341Q716,329 698,329Q680,329 667,341Q654,353 654,371ZM138,231.5Q138,249 150,262Q162,275 180,275Q198,275 210.5,262Q223,249 223,231.5Q223,214 210.5,202Q198,190 180,190Q162,190 150,202Q138,214 138,231.5ZM618,510.5Q618,528 631,540Q644,552 661.5,552Q679,552 691,540Q703,528 703,510.5Q703,493 691,480.5Q679,468 661.5,468Q644,468 631,480.5Q618,493 618,510.5ZM515,612.5Q515,630 528,642Q541,654 559,654Q577,654 589.5,642Q602,630 602,612.5Q602,595 589.5,582Q577,569 559,569Q541,569 528,582Q515,595 515,612.5ZM238,131Q238,149 250.5,161.5Q263,174 280.5,174Q298,174 311,161.5Q324,149 324,131Q324,113 311,100.5Q298,88 280.5,88Q263,88 250.5,100.5Q238,113 238,131ZM138,510.5Q138,528 150,540Q162,552 180,552Q198,552 210.5,540Q223,528 223,510.5Q223,493 210.5,480.5Q198,468 180,468Q162,468 150,480.5Q138,493 138,510.5ZM618,231.5Q618,249 631,262Q644,275 661.5,275Q679,275 691,262Q703,249 703,231.5Q703,214 691,202Q679,190 661.5,190Q644,190 631,202Q618,214 618,231.5ZM238,612.5Q238,630 250.5,642Q263,654 280.5,654Q298,654 311,642Q324,630 324,612.5Q324,595 311,582Q298,569 280.5,569Q263,569 250.5,582Q238,595 238,612.5ZM515,131Q515,149 528,161.5Q541,174 559,174Q577,174 589.5,161.5Q602,149 602,131Q602,113 589.5,100.5Q577,88 559,88Q541,88 528,100.5Q515,113 515,131Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d"> ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1771t6h">+</td> <td><span title="U+0D2F യ MALAYALAM LETTER YA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 953 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M112,339Q112,228 180.5,149Q249,70 346,70Q377,70 400.5,73Q424,76 439,82Q383,129 352.5,199.5Q322,270 322,351Q322,424 291,476Q260,528 217,528Q174,528 143,472.5Q112,417 112,339L112,339ZM393,351Q393,268 424.5,202Q456,136 510,105Q568,154 600,218.5Q632,283 632,351Q632,424 597,476Q562,528 512,528Q463,528 428,476Q393,424 393,351L393,351ZM42,339Q42,446 93.5,522Q145,598 217,598Q255,598 294,567.5Q333,537 364,484Q388,536 428,567Q468,598 510,598Q590,598 646,525.5Q702,453 702,351Q702,275 668,204Q634,133 573,82Q588,75 599.5,71.5Q611,68 619,68Q709,68 773,144Q837,220 837,328Q837,393 819,449Q801,505 768,545L828,585Q866,539 886.5,473Q907,407 907,328Q907,192 823,96Q739,0 620,0Q590,0 559,9Q528,18 498,35Q468,18 429.5,9Q391,0 346,0Q220,0 131,99.5Q42,199 42,339L42,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">യ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1lt1bro">→</td> <td><span title="U+0052 R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1225 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1006,585L1077,585L1077,438Q1077,347 1147,177.5Q1217,8 1217,-83Q1217,-194 1137.5,-272.5Q1058,-351 945,-351Q865,-351 808.5,-310Q752,-269 752,-211Q752,-165 775,-132Q798,-99 831,-99Q856,-99 874,-85Q892,-71 892,-51L892,-29L957,-29L957,-57Q957,-98 932.5,-126.5Q908,-155 873,-155Q852,-155 837,-171.5Q822,-188 822,-211Q822,-240 858,-260.5Q894,-281 945,-281Q1029,-281 1088,-222.5Q1147,-164 1147,-82Q1147,9 1076.5,178Q1006,347 1006,438L1006,585L1006,585ZM112,339Q112,228 180.5,149Q249,70 346,70Q377,70 400.5,73Q424,76 439,82Q383,129 352.5,199.5Q322,270 322,351Q322,424 291,476Q260,528 217,528Q174,528 143,472.5Q112,417 112,339L112,339ZM393,351Q393,268 424.5,202Q456,136 510,105Q568,154 600,218.5Q632,283 632,351Q632,424 597,476Q562,528 512,528Q463,528 428,476Q393,424 393,351L393,351ZM42,339Q42,446 93.5,522Q145,598 217,598Q255,598 294,567.5Q333,537 364,484Q388,536 428,567Q468,598 510,598Q590,598 646,525.5Q702,453 702,351Q702,275 668,204Q634,133 573,82Q588,75 599.5,71.5Q611,68 619,68Q709,68 773,144Q837,220 837,328Q837,393 819,449Q801,505 768,545L828,585Q866,539 886.5,473Q907,407 907,328Q907,192 823,96Q739,0 620,0Q590,0 559,9Q528,18 498,35Q468,18 429.5,9Q391,0 346,0Q220,0 131,99.5Q42,199 42,339L42,339Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">R</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-d36er5"><i>(yya)</i></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G706689" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G706689" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Anusvara.</span></span> The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1avi8j5">anusvara</i> can be seen multiple times after vowels, whether independent letters or dependent vowel signs, as in <span title="U+0D08 ഈ MALAYALAM LETTER II U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 3749 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M122,211Q122,172 146,144.5Q170,117 204,117Q238,117 262,144.5Q286,172 286,211Q286,250 262,277Q238,304 204,304Q170,304 146,277Q122,250 122,211L122,211ZM40,281Q40,407 112,496Q184,585 286,585Q353,585 409.5,553.5Q466,522 497,468Q528,522 578.5,553.5Q629,585 684,585Q786,585 858,494Q930,403 930,274Q930,122 834,14Q738,-94 602,-94L181,-94Q152,-94 131.5,-114.5Q111,-135 111,-164Q111,-193 131.5,-213.5Q152,-234 181,-234L930,-234L930,-304L181,-304Q123,-304 81.5,-259.5Q40,-215 40,-152Q40,-99 81.5,-61Q123,-23 181,-23L602,-23Q708,-23 783.5,64Q859,151 859,274Q859,374 807.5,444.5Q756,515 684,515Q621,515 576.5,456.5Q532,398 532,316L532,94L462,94L462,316Q462,398 410.5,456.5Q359,515 286,515Q216,515 163.5,459Q111,403 104,321Q125,346 151.5,360Q178,374 204,374Q267,374 311.5,326.5Q356,279 356,211Q356,143 311.5,95Q267,47 204,47Q136,47 88,115.5Q40,184 40,281L40,281ZM978,386Q978,468 1029.5,526.5Q1081,585 1153,585Q1187,585 1218,564.5Q1249,544 1270,508Q1291,544 1322,564.5Q1353,585 1387,585Q1460,585 1511.5,526.5Q1563,468 1563,386L1563,234Q1563,137 1510,68.5Q1457,0 1382,0Q1312,0 1262,51.5Q1212,103 1212,176L1212,234L1282,234L1282,176Q1282,132 1311.5,101Q1341,70 1382,70Q1428,70 1460,118Q1492,166 1492,234L1492,386Q1492,439 1461,477Q1430,515 1387,515Q1353,515 1329,477Q1305,439 1305,386L1305,328L1235,328L1235,386Q1235,439 1211,477Q1187,515 1153,515Q1110,515 1079,477Q1048,439 1048,386L1048,328L978,328L978,386L978,386Z" /><path transform="translate(1617)" d="M33,221Q33,318 101.5,386.5Q170,455 267,455Q364,455 432.5,386.5Q501,318 501,221Q501,124 432.5,55.5Q364,-13 267,-13Q170,-13 101.5,55.5Q33,124 33,221L33,221ZM103,221Q103,153 151,105Q199,57 267,57Q335,57 382.5,105Q430,153 430,221Q430,289 382.5,337Q335,385 267,385Q199,385 151,337Q103,289 103,221L103,221Z" /><path transform="translate(2150)" d="M33,221Q33,318 101.5,386.5Q170,455 267,455Q364,455 432.5,386.5Q501,318 501,221Q501,124 432.5,55.5Q364,-13 267,-13Q170,-13 101.5,55.5Q33,124 33,221L33,221ZM103,221Q103,153 151,105Q199,57 267,57Q335,57 382.5,105Q430,153 430,221Q430,289 382.5,337Q335,385 267,385Q199,385 151,337Q103,289 103,221L103,221Z" /><path transform="translate(2683)" d="M33,221Q33,318 101.5,386.5Q170,455 267,455Q364,455 432.5,386.5Q501,318 501,221Q501,124 432.5,55.5Q364,-13 267,-13Q170,-13 101.5,55.5Q33,124 33,221L33,221ZM103,221Q103,153 151,105Q199,57 267,57Q335,57 382.5,105Q430,153 430,221Q430,289 382.5,337Q335,385 267,385Q199,385 151,337Q103,289 103,221L103,221Z" /><path transform="translate(3216)" d="M33,221Q33,318 101.5,386.5Q170,455 267,455Q364,455 432.5,386.5Q501,318 501,221Q501,124 432.5,55.5Q364,-13 267,-13Q170,-13 101.5,55.5Q33,124 33,221L33,221ZM103,221Q103,153 151,105Q199,57 267,57Q335,57 382.5,105Q430,153 430,221Q430,289 382.5,337Q335,385 267,385Q199,385 151,337Q103,289 103,221L103,221Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ഈംംംം</span></span></span> <0D08, 0D02, 0D02, 0D02, 0D02>. Vowel signs can also be seen after digits, as in 355<span title="U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1024 1031 1024" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(498)" d="M33,221Q33,318 101.5,386.5Q170,455 267,455Q364,455 432.5,386.5Q501,318 501,221Q501,124 432.5,55.5Q364,-13 267,-13Q170,-13 101.5,55.5Q33,124 33,221L33,221ZM103,221Q103,153 151,105Q199,57 267,57Q335,57 382.5,105Q430,153 430,221Q430,289 382.5,337Q335,385 267,385Q199,385 151,337Q103,289 103,221L103,221Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ാം</span></span></span> <0033, 0035, 0035, 0D3E, 0D02>. More generally, rendering engines should be prepared to handle Malayalam letters (including vowel letters), digits (both European and Malayalam), <span title="U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS" class="svelte-wim892">U+002D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">HYPHEN-MINUS</span></span>, <span title="U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE" class="svelte-wim892">U+00A0 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">NO-BREAK SPACE</span></span> and <span title="U+25CC ◌ DOTTED CIRCLE" class="svelte-wim892">U+25CC <span class="svelte-qd2acw">DOTTED CIRCLE</span></span> as base characters for the Malayalam vowel signs, <span title="U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D4D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>, <span title="U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D02 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA</span></span>, and <span title="U+0D03 ◌ഃ MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D03 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA</span></span>. They should also be prepared to handle multiple combining marks on those bases.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G708363" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G708363" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Dot Reph.</span></span> <span title="U+0D4E ൎ MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D4E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH</span></span> is used to represent the dead consonant form of <span title="U+0D30 ര MALAYALAM LETTER RA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D30 <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER RA</span></span>, when it is displayed as a dot or small vertical stroke above the consonant that follows it in logical order. It has the character properties of a letter rather than those of a combining mark, but special behavior is required in implementations. Conceptually, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-hhzvtg">dot reph</i> is analogous to the sequence <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>> which, in many Indic scripts, is rendered as a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1i4lhzv">reph</i> mark over the following consonant. This same behavior is expected for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-hhzvtg">dot reph</i>: it should be rendered as a mark over the following consonant. In standard Malayalam, the sequence <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>> would normally occur only within the sequence <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-fgordg">virama, ya</i>>, which should be rendered as the nominal form of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i> with a conjoining form of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etwbii">ya</i>.</p> <p>The sequence <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, ZWJ> is not used to represent the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-hhzvtg">dot reph</i>, because that sequence has considerable preexisting usage to represent the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> form of <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1etq6zr">ra</i>, prior to the encoding of the <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> form as a distinct character, <span title="U+0D7C ർ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D7C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR</span></span>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-vsfoez">The Malayalam <i>dot reph</i> was in common print usage until 1970, but has fallen into disuse. Words that formerly used <i>dot reph</i> on a consonant are now spelled instead with a <i>chillu-rr</i> form preceding the consonant. (See the following discussion of <i>chillu</i> characters.) The <i>dot reph</i> form is predominantly used by those who completed elementary education in Malayalam prior to 1970.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G701512" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701512" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Chillu Forms.</span></span> The nine characters, U+0D54..U+0D56 and U+0D7A..U+0D7F, encode dead consonants (those without an inherent vowel) known as <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> or <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1q6xfq">cillakṣaram</i>. In Malayalam language text, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms never start a word. C<i data-svelte-h="svelte-rqfn7o">hillu</i>-<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1epebzk">nn</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eo8l7t">-n</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-78n9h5">-rr</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1en5623">-l</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-69gcft">-ll</i> are quite common; <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1nd17db">chillu-k</i> is relatively rare in contemporary usage; <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7m4ryp">chillu-m</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eewtc6">-y</i>, and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1h3kwa3">-lll</i> are found only in historical texts.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1mtmq9o">For backward-compatibility issues regarding the representation of <i>chillu</i> forms, see the discussion of legacy <i>chillu</i> sequences later in this section.</p> <p>Although <i data-svelte-h="svelte-u4ua60">chillus</i> are typically written alone, they may graphically behave like ordinary consonant letters. See <a href="#G739017" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-37</a> for examples of conjuncts involving <i data-svelte-h="svelte-u4ua60">chillus</i>. The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i>-involving conjuncts are encoded graphically: the graphic component bearing the ligated <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> tail is analyzed as a <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> character, and then stacking or ligating between characters is requested by <span title="U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D4D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA</span></span>. Dependent signs such as vowel signs and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-13mpyzp">candrakkala</i> can be applied to both stand-alone <i data-svelte-h="svelte-u4ua60">chillus</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i>-involving conjuncts, just as they are applied to ordinary consonant letters and conjuncts.</p> <p>Among the examples shown in <a href="#G739017" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-37</a>, only the second conjunct, <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span> /ṉṯa/, is used in modern Malayalam text. See “Special Cases Involving <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>” later in this section for how to deal with the contrast between this conjunct and a phonetically related side-by-side form, <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1669 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(959)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻറ</span></span></span>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G739017" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G739017" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-37.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1n8v3wc">Malayalam Conjuncts Involving <i>Chillus</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7A ൺ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D28 ന MALAYALAM LETTER NA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1414 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M218,0Q139,0 91,70Q43,141 43,257Q43,394 122,489Q202,585 312,585Q382,585 442,552Q501,519 534,462Q560,518 606,552Q653,585 703,585Q760,585 807,554Q853,523 879,468Q905,523 958,554Q1011,585 1078,585Q1106,585 1126,581Q1146,577 1166,567Q1176,588 1181,611Q1186,636 1186,658Q1186,696 1155,723Q1123,749 1079,749Q1042,749 1007,720Q973,692 956,644L902,679Q919,741 968,780Q1018,819 1079,819Q1151,819 1204,772Q1255,726 1255,658Q1255,625 1248,598Q1240,569 1225,543Q1291,497 1328,421Q1365,346 1365,257Q1365,150 1316,76Q1267,0 1197,0Q1120,0 1068,70Q1014,141 1014,239Q1014,303 1043,375Q1072,444 1125,508Q1117,510 1110.5,512Q1104,514 1099,516Q1087,519 1080,519Q1008,519 959,470Q909,420 909,351L909,0L839,0L839,351Q839,420 799,467Q759,515 703,515Q647,515 608,467Q569,419 569,351L569,0L499,0L499,328Q499,405 444,460Q389,515 312,515Q230,515 172,445Q113,374 113,274Q123,300 152,317Q180,333 218,333Q286,333 334,284Q382,235 382,164Q382,96 334,48Q286,0 218,0ZM125,164Q125,125 152,98Q179,70 218,70Q257,70 285,98Q312,125 312,164Q312,206 285,234Q256,263 218,263Q179,263 152,234Q125,206 125,164ZM818,-347Q761,-332 725,-282Q689,-233 689,-169Q689,-91 744,-36Q797,20 875,20Q918,20 955,2Q992,-17 1017,-51Q1041,-18 1080,2Q1118,20 1158,20Q1231,20 1283,-36Q1334,-92 1334,-169Q1334,-233 1298,-282Q1262,-332 1205,-347L1173,-285Q1214,-275 1242,-242Q1268,-208 1268,-169Q1268,-119 1236,-84Q1205,-48 1158,-48Q1112,-48 1080,-75Q1048,-102 1048,-140L1048,-345L982,-345L982,-140Q982,-101 951,-74Q920,-47 875,-47Q825,-47 790,-83Q755,-118 755,-169Q755,-209 782,-242Q808,-275 850,-285L818,-347ZM1197,70Q1239,70 1267,125Q1295,180 1295,257Q1295,338 1267,400Q1238,463 1190,491Q1139,430 1112,365Q1084,302 1084,239Q1084,170 1117,120Q1150,70 1197,70Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൺ്ന</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1m47kip">0D7A <i>chillu nn</i>, 0D4D <i>virama</i>, 0D28 <i>na</i></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-z2ecmm">/ṇna/</td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-nl9xty">0D7B <i>chillu n</i>, 0D4D <i>virama</i>, 0D31 <i>rra</i></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-ywm3b9">/ṉṯa/</td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D28 ന MALAYALAM LETTER NA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1387 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M1095,-7Q1027,-7 979,55Q931,117 931,204Q931,291 958,369Q985,446 1036,508Q1030,510 1024,511.5Q1018,513 1012,515Q1005,516 999,516.5Q993,517 986,517Q920,517 873,469Q826,419 826,351L826,0L756,0L756,351Q756,419 718,469Q681,518 627,518Q568,518 528,463Q486,408 486,328L486,0L416,0L416,328Q416,408 377,465Q338,521 282,521Q211,521 162,451Q112,380 112,281Q112,210 147,148Q182,86 241,52L194,0Q124,40 83,116Q42,192 42,281Q42,409 113,501Q183,592 282,592Q333,592 379,559Q426,524 451,468Q477,525 525,557Q574,589 627,589Q676,589 719,559Q763,529 791,480Q828,532 879,560Q929,588 986,588Q998,588 1009.5,586.5Q1021,585 1032,583Q1055,577 1072,567Q1079,580 1084,596Q1088,608 1088,625Q1088,675 1056,713Q1025,749 978,749Q937,749 903,718Q867,687 849,637L802,679Q825,742 874,781Q923,819 978,819Q1054,819 1106,762Q1159,704 1159,625Q1159,602 1152,581Q1145,559 1130,538Q1202,497 1242,422Q1282,348 1282,257Q1282,147 1227,71Q1172,-7 1095,-7ZM1095,64Q1144,64 1178,121Q1212,176 1212,257Q1212,330 1182,390Q1152,450 1100,480Q1053,424 1027,351Q1001,276 1001,199Q1001,142 1029,104Q1056,64 1095,64Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ന്ൻ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19azs0o">0D28 <i>na</i>, 0D4D <i>virama</i>, 0D7B <i>chillu n</i></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1dzv0vy">/ṉṉ/</td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7D ൽ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 989 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M408,-7Q345,-7 301,62Q256,131 256,228Q256,308 286,377Q314,444 368,490Q359,499 337,509Q321,515 303,515Q227,515 171,450Q116,386 116,293Q116,207 138,145Q159,80 198,47L151,0Q101,42 74,116Q46,187 46,281Q46,408 122,496Q197,585 303,585Q330,585 358,573Q384,562 413,538Q443,562 490,573Q540,585 607,585Q639,585 665,583.5Q691,582 711,578Q755,570 770,555Q785,581 793,607Q801,636 801,654Q801,693 768,721Q737,749 689,749Q648,749 610,717Q574,684 560,632L502,659Q522,731 573,775Q626,819 689,819Q765,819 819,771Q872,721 872,654Q872,619 861,581Q856,564 848,547.5Q840,531 829,515Q885,468 916,393Q946,318 946,228Q946,133 902,62Q857,-7 794,-7Q731,-7 687,62Q642,131 642,228Q642,287 668,359Q694,428 742,497Q727,506 693,511Q677,513 656,514Q635,515 607,515Q580,515 557.5,513.5Q535,512 518,508Q480,500 459,485Q508,436 534,370Q560,300 560,228Q560,133 516,62Q471,-7 408,-7ZM192,-403Q150,-378 124,-336Q99,-293 99,-244Q99,-174 151,-125Q203,-75 274,-75Q347,-75 399,-127Q450,-178 450,-251Q450,-275 443,-297Q439,-308 433.5,-320Q428,-332 421,-345L814,-345L814,50L884,50L884,-403L333,-403L333,-345Q355,-327 367,-302Q379,-277 379,-251Q379,-208 348,-177Q317,-146 274,-146Q231,-146 200,-177Q169,-208 169,-251Q169,-282 183,-310Q197,-337 221,-350L192,-403ZM410,64Q443,64 467,112Q490,163 490,228Q490,292 470,352Q451,408 413,445Q372,410 349,353Q326,293 326,228Q326,158 351,112Q375,64 410,64ZM794,64Q828,64 852,112Q876,160 876,228Q876,301 855,359Q833,417 794,450Q756,406 733,346Q712,288 712,228Q712,160 736,112Q760,64 794,64Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൽ്പ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1ttmgop">0D7D <i>chillu l</i>, 0D4D <i>virama</i>, 0D2A <i>pa</i></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-12onve1">/lpa/</td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7E ൾ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D35 വ MALAYALAM LETTER VA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1024 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M710,-7Q645,-7 598,55Q551,117 551,204Q551,272 581,350Q609,426 666,507Q660,509 654,510.5Q648,512 643,514Q637,515 631.5,515.5Q626,516 621,516Q557,516 514,461Q469,406 469,328L469,257Q469,147 408,71Q347,-7 259,-7Q172,-7 110,71Q48,148 48,257L48,328Q48,433 110,510Q172,585 259,585Q264,585 269.5,585Q275,585 280,586Q289,587 294,585L294,515L259,515Q200,515 160,460Q118,405 118,328L118,257Q118,177 160,121Q201,64 259,64Q318,64 358,121Q399,177 399,257L399,328Q399,433 464,510Q529,585 621,585Q638,585 657,582Q674,579 698,573Q702,581 705.5,588.5Q709,596 711,604Q715,617 715,632Q715,681 681,715Q647,749 598,749Q551,749 515,716Q478,684 469,632L411,672Q421,735 475,778Q528,819 598,819Q675,819 730,764Q785,709 785,632Q785,611 778,590Q770,566 757,543Q824,504 863,425Q902,346 902,246Q902,141 846,67Q790,-7 710,-7ZM710,64Q761,64 797,118Q832,171 832,246Q832,318 805,381Q776,443 727,485Q701,440 681.5,399.5Q662,359 648,324Q621,252 621,204Q621,146 647,105Q673,64 710,64ZM376,-396L376,-343Q405,-335 428.5,-321Q452,-307 469,-288.5Q486,-270 495.5,-248.5Q505,-227 505,-204Q505,-156 477.5,-124.5Q450,-93 409,-77Q368,-61 319.5,-61Q271,-61 230,-77Q189,-93 161.5,-124.5Q134,-156 134,-204Q134,-227 143.5,-248.5Q153,-270 170,-288.5Q187,-307 211,-321Q235,-335 263,-343L227,-391Q191,-381 161.5,-362.5Q132,-344 111,-319Q90,-294 78.5,-265Q67,-236 67,-204Q67,-155 91.5,-112Q116,-69 164,-37Q191,-19 225,-9Q259,1 295,3.5Q331,6 367,1.5Q403,-3 433,-15Q463,-27 488.5,-46.5Q514,-66 532.5,-90.5Q551,-115 561.5,-144Q572,-173 572,-204Q572,-236 560.5,-265Q549,-294 528,-319Q507,-344 478,-362.5Q449,-381 414,-391L464,-338L727,-338L727,57L797,57L797,-396L376,-396Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൾ്വ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-19t3gaz">0D7E <i>chillu ll</i>, 0D4D <i>virama</i>, 0D35 <i>va</i></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-5omzwc">/ḷva/</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p><span title="U+0D3B ◌഻ MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA" class="svelte-wim892">U+0D3B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA</span></span> is not used to form <i data-svelte-h="svelte-u4ua60">chillus</i>. It only represents a vowel-killing vertical stroke that is identifiable as a separate stroke, either striking through or placed above the modified letter.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G701670" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701670" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Special Cases Involving rra.</span></span> There are a number of textual representation and reading issues involving the letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>. These issues are discussed here and tables of explicit examples are presented.</p> <p>The letter <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 710 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i> is normally read /ṟa/. Repetition of that sound is naturally written by repeating the letter: <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1420 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(710)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ററ</span></span></span>. Each occurrence can bear a vowel sign.</p> <p>The same repetition of the letter <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i> as <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1420 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(710)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ററ</span></span></span> is also used for /ṯṯa/, which can be unambiguously represented by <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 711 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M111,269Q111,219 129.5,176Q148,133 181,105Q215,134 260,149Q305,164 356,164Q407,164 452.5,149Q498,134 532,105Q565,133 583.5,173Q602,213 602,257Q602,366 530,443.5Q458,521 356,521Q255,521 183,447Q111,373 111,269L111,269ZM40,269Q40,403 132.5,497.5Q225,592 356,592Q487,592 579.5,494Q672,396 672,257Q672,194 647.5,139Q623,84 579,47Q607,14 622,-28.5Q637,-71 637,-117Q637,-185 603,-247Q569,-309 508,-351L473,-293Q517,-268 542,-220.5Q567,-173 567,-117Q567,-30 505,32Q443,94 356,94Q269,94 207.5,32Q146,-30 146,-117Q146,-179 171,-229Q196,-279 239,-304L204,-351Q144,-316 109.5,-253.5Q75,-191 75,-117Q75,-72 90,-29.5Q105,13 134,47Q89,85 64.5,143Q40,201 40,269L40,269Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ്റ</span></span></span>. The sequence of two <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 710 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ</span></span></span> letters fundamentally behaves as a digraph in this instance. The digraph can bear a vowel sign in which case the digraph as a whole acts graphically as an atom: a left vowel part goes to the left of the digraph and a right vowel part goes to the right of the digraph. Historically, the side-by-side form was used until around 1960 when the stacked form began appearing and supplanted the side-by-side form.</p> <p>As a consequence the graphical sequence <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1420 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(710)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ററ</span></span></span> in text is ambiguous in reading. The reader must generally use the context to understand if <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1420 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(710)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ററ</span></span></span> is read /ṟaṟa/ or /ṯṯa/. It is only when a vowel part appears between the two <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 710 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ</span></span></span> that the reading cannot be /ṯṯa/. Note that similar situations are common in many other orthographies. For example, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eosfac">th</i> in English can be a digraph (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1lfqks8">cathode</i>) or two separate letters (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-8fxvm4">cathouse</i>); <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1epkd8z">gn</i> in French can be a digraph (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1xcern8">oignon</i>) or two separate letters (<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1d968z2">gnome</i>).</p> <p>The sequence <0D31, 0D31> is rendered as <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1420 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(710)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ററ</span></span></span>, regardless of the reading of that text. The sequence <0D31, 0D4D, 0D31> is rendered as <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 711 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M111,269Q111,219 129.5,176Q148,133 181,105Q215,134 260,149Q305,164 356,164Q407,164 452.5,149Q498,134 532,105Q565,133 583.5,173Q602,213 602,257Q602,366 530,443.5Q458,521 356,521Q255,521 183,447Q111,373 111,269L111,269ZM40,269Q40,403 132.5,497.5Q225,592 356,592Q487,592 579.5,494Q672,396 672,257Q672,194 647.5,139Q623,84 579,47Q607,14 622,-28.5Q637,-71 637,-117Q637,-185 603,-247Q569,-309 508,-351L473,-293Q517,-268 542,-220.5Q567,-173 567,-117Q567,-30 505,32Q443,94 356,94Q269,94 207.5,32Q146,-30 146,-117Q146,-179 171,-229Q196,-279 239,-304L204,-351Q144,-316 109.5,-253.5Q75,-191 75,-117Q75,-72 90,-29.5Q105,13 134,47Q89,85 64.5,143Q40,201 40,269L40,269Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ്റ</span></span></span>. In both cases, vowels signs are applied to each rendered base, as shown in <a href="#G699522" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-38</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G699522" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G699522" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-38.</span> Malayalam /ṟaṟa/ and /ṯṯa/</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2918 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M33,204Q33,299 94.5,366Q156,433 243,433Q330,433 392,366Q454,299 454,204Q454,162 442,127.5Q430,93 407,70L852,70L852,585L922,585L922,0L313,0L313,70Q346,89 365,125Q384,161 384,204Q384,270 342.5,316.5Q301,363 243,363Q185,363 144,316.5Q103,270 103,204Q103,163 130,124.5Q157,86 203,59L166,0Q105,28 69,83.5Q33,139 33,204L33,204Z" /><path transform="translate(1000)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(1498)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(2208)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പാററ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-uqmvz">0D2A 0D3E 0D31 0D31</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-1qigsmf">/pāṯṯa/</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-59n1a4">cockroach</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2209 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M33,204Q33,299 94.5,366Q156,433 243,433Q330,433 392,366Q454,299 454,204Q454,162 442,127.5Q430,93 407,70L852,70L852,585L922,585L922,0L313,0L313,70Q346,89 365,125Q384,161 384,204Q384,270 342.5,316.5Q301,363 243,363Q185,363 144,316.5Q103,270 103,204Q103,163 130,124.5Q157,86 203,59L166,0Q105,28 69,83.5Q33,139 33,204L33,204Z" /><path transform="translate(1000)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(1498)" d="M111,269Q111,219 129.5,176Q148,133 181,105Q215,134 260,149Q305,164 356,164Q407,164 452.5,149Q498,134 532,105Q565,133 583.5,173Q602,213 602,257Q602,366 530,443.5Q458,521 356,521Q255,521 183,447Q111,373 111,269L111,269ZM40,269Q40,403 132.5,497.5Q225,592 356,592Q487,592 579.5,494Q672,396 672,257Q672,194 647.5,139Q623,84 579,47Q607,14 622,-28.5Q637,-71 637,-117Q637,-185 603,-247Q569,-309 508,-351L473,-293Q517,-268 542,-220.5Q567,-173 567,-117Q567,-30 505,32Q443,94 356,94Q269,94 207.5,32Q146,-30 146,-117Q146,-179 171,-229Q196,-279 239,-304L204,-351Q144,-316 109.5,-253.5Q75,-191 75,-117Q75,-72 90,-29.5Q105,13 134,47Q89,85 64.5,143Q40,201 40,269L40,269Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">പാറ്റ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1vuu5xn">0D2A 0D3E 0D31 0D4D 0D31</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2E മ MALAYALAM LETTER MA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D46 ◌െ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D32 ല MALAYALAM LETTER LA U+0D3F ◌ി MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 4853 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M129,293L129,70Q230,70 302,142Q374,214 374,316Q374,388 343,439.5Q312,491 269,491Q211,491 170,433Q129,375 129,293L129,293ZM321,70L573,70L573,293Q573,387 511.5,453.5Q450,520 363,520Q402,493 423.5,439Q445,385 445,316Q445,241 412,176Q379,111 321,70L321,70ZM59,293Q59,414 144.5,499.5Q230,585 351,585Q472,585 558,499.5Q644,414 644,293L644,0L59,0L59,293L59,293Z" /><path transform="translate(702)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(1200)" d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176L134,176ZM40,257Q40,396 129.5,494Q219,592 345,592Q471,592 560,501Q649,410 649,281Q649,193 615,116Q581,39 520,-12L468,36Q521,80 550,144.5Q579,209 579,281Q579,380 510.5,450.5Q442,521 345,521Q248,521 179.5,452Q111,383 111,286Q125,316 156.5,333.5Q188,351 228,351Q296,351 343.5,299.5Q391,248 391,176Q391,103 343.5,51.5Q296,0 228,0Q150,0 95,75.5Q40,151 40,257L40,257Z" /><path transform="translate(1890)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(2600)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(3310)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(3808)" d="M137,359L137,300L447,300L447,359Q447,429 401.5,479Q356,529 291,529Q227,529 182,479Q137,429 137,359L137,359ZM671,585L741,585L741,0L66,0L66,359Q66,458 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4144 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M129,293L129,70Q230,70 302,142Q374,214 374,316Q374,388 343,439.5Q312,491 269,491Q211,491 170,433Q129,375 129,293L129,293ZM321,70L573,70L573,293Q573,387 511.5,453.5Q450,520 363,520Q402,493 423.5,439Q445,385 445,316Q445,241 412,176Q379,111 321,70L321,70ZM59,293Q59,414 144.5,499.5Q230,585 351,585Q472,585 558,499.5Q644,414 644,293L644,0L59,0L59,293L59,293Z" /><path transform="translate(702)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(1200)" d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176L134,176ZM40,257Q40,396 129.5,494Q219,592 345,592Q471,592 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0D31 0D4D 0D31 0D4A 0D32 0D3F</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D2C ബ MALAYALAM LETTER BA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3F ◌ി MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 4214 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M135,164Q135,123 162.5,93.5Q190,64 229,64Q268,64 295,93.5Q322,123 322,164Q322,205 295,234Q268,263 229,263Q190,263 162.5,234Q135,205 135,164L135,164ZM42,251Q42,392 124,492Q206,592 322,592Q394,592 454,553Q514,514 545,449Q576,514 629.5,553Q683,592 744,592Q836,592 901,511Q966,430 966,316Q966,236 942,171.5Q918,107 874,70L1212,70L1212,585L1282,585L1282,0L720,0L720,70L755,70Q820,100 858,165Q896,230 896,309Q896,397 851.5,459Q807,521 744,521Q676,521 628,461Q580,401 580,316L580,0L510,0L510,316Q510,401 455,461Q400,521 322,521Q235,521 173.5,447Q112,373 112,268Q133,299 164,316Q195,333 229,333Q297,333 345,283.5Q393,234 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◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3F ◌ി MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 3505 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M135,164Q135,123 162.5,93.5Q190,64 229,64Q268,64 295,93.5Q322,123 322,164Q322,205 295,234Q268,263 229,263Q190,263 162.5,234Q135,205 135,164L135,164ZM42,251Q42,392 124,492Q206,592 322,592Q394,592 454,553Q514,514 545,449Q576,514 629.5,553Q683,592 744,592Q836,592 901,511Q966,430 966,316Q966,236 942,171.5Q918,107 874,70L1212,70L1212,585L1282,585L1282,0L720,0L720,70L755,70Q820,100 858,165Q896,230 896,309Q896,397 851.5,459Q807,521 744,521Q676,521 628,461Q580,401 580,316L580,0L510,0L510,316Q510,401 455,461Q400,521 322,521Q235,521 173.5,447Q112,373 112,268Q133,299 164,316Q195,333 229,333Q297,333 345,283.5Q393,234 393,164Q393,93 345,43Q297,-7 229,-7Q152,-7 97,68.5Q42,144 42,251L42,251Z" /><path transform="translate(1360)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /><path transform="translate(1858)" d="M111,269Q111,219 129.5,176Q148,133 181,105Q215,134 260,149Q305,164 356,164Q407,164 452.5,149Q498,134 532,105Q565,133 583.5,173Q602,213 602,257Q602,366 530,443.5Q458,521 356,521Q255,521 183,447Q111,373 111,269L111,269ZM40,269Q40,403 132.5,497.5Q225,592 356,592Q487,592 579.5,494Q672,396 672,257Q672,194 647.5,139Q623,84 579,47Q607,14 622,-28.5Q637,-71 637,-117Q637,-185 603,-247Q569,-309 508,-351L473,-293Q517,-268 542,-220.5Q567,-173 567,-117Q567,-30 505,32Q443,94 356,94Q269,94 207.5,32Q146,-30 146,-117Q146,-179 171,-229Q196,-279 239,-304L204,-351Q144,-316 109.5,-253.5Q75,-191 75,-117Q75,-72 90,-29.5Q105,13 134,47Q89,85 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class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 3557 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 722,410Q722,456 689,488.5Q656,521 610,521Q550,521 507,476Q464,431 464,368L464,0L394,0L394,368Q394,431 356,476Q318,521 265,521Q202,521 157.5,453.5Q113,386 113,290Q113,218 145.5,155Q178,92 235,52L200,0Q127,42 85,119.5Q43,197 43,290L43,290Z" /><path transform="translate(1138)" d="M-78,-124Q-78,-56 -36.5,-4Q5,48 69,59Q89,135 122.5,249.5Q156,364 156,402Q156,443 127,472Q98,501 57,501L80,566Q138,556 176,511Q214,466 214,407Q214,353 192,265.5Q170,178 127,59Q194,53 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472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(2847)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(3557)" d="M-224,762Q-224,785 -211.5,806Q-199,827 -178,839L-131,809Q-142,800 -148,787.5Q-154,775 -154,762Q-154,733 -130,712.5Q-106,692 -72,692Q-38,692 -14,712.5Q10,733 10,762Q10,775 3.5,787Q-3,799 -14,809L33,839Q55,826 67.5,805.5Q80,785 80,762Q80,709 35.5,671Q-9,633 -72,633Q-135,633 -179.5,671Q-224,709 -224,762L-224,762Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">സൂറററ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1c7v9pn">0D38 0D42 0D31 0D31 0D31 0D4D</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-1qg19l9">/sūṟaṯṯ/</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-1bnll4u">Surat, a town in Gujarat</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D38 സ MALAYALAM LETTER SA U+0D42 ◌ൂ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 2848 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M43,290Q43,415 108,503.5Q173,592 265,592Q316,592 360.5,561.5Q405,531 429,480Q453,531 500,561.5Q547,592 603,592Q681,592 736.5,538.5Q792,485 792,410Q792,370 780,289.5Q768,209 768,169Q768,126 796.5,95Q825,64 866,64Q932,64 979,131Q1026,198 1026,293Q1026,364 988,426.5Q950,489 885,527L920,585Q1001,547 1048.5,468Q1096,389 1096,293Q1096,169 1028.5,81Q961,-7 866,-7Q796,-7 747,44.5Q698,96 698,169Q698,209 710,289.5Q722,370 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d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(2137)" d="M111,269Q111,219 129.5,176Q148,133 181,105Q215,134 260,149Q305,164 356,164Q407,164 452.5,149Q498,134 532,105Q565,133 583.5,173Q602,213 602,257Q602,366 530,443.5Q458,521 356,521Q255,521 183,447Q111,373 111,269L111,269ZM40,269Q40,403 132.5,497.5Q225,592 356,592Q487,592 579.5,494Q672,396 672,257Q672,194 647.5,139Q623,84 579,47Q607,14 622,-28.5Q637,-71 637,-117Q637,-185 603,-247Q569,-309 508,-351L473,-293Q517,-268 542,-220.5Q567,-173 567,-117Q567,-30 505,32Q443,94 356,94Q269,94 207.5,32Q146,-30 146,-117Q146,-179 171,-229Q196,-279 239,-304L204,-351Q144,-316 109.5,-253.5Q75,-191 75,-117Q75,-72 90,-29.5Q105,13 134,47Q89,85 64.5,143Q40,201 40,269L40,269Z" /><path transform="translate(2848)" d="M-224,762Q-224,785 -211.5,806Q-199,827 -178,839L-131,809Q-142,800 -148,787.5Q-154,775 -154,762Q-154,733 -130,712.5Q-106,692 -72,692Q-38,692 -14,712.5Q10,733 10,762Q10,775 3.5,787Q-3,799 -14,809L33,839Q55,826 67.5,805.5Q80,785 80,762Q80,709 35.5,671Q-9,633 -72,633Q-135,633 -179.5,671Q-224,709 -224,762L-224,762Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">സൂററ്റ്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-b7ljmv">0D38 0D42 0D31 0D31 0D4D 0D31 0D4D</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D46 ◌െ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA U+0D02 ◌ം MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA U+0D2A പ MALAYALAM LETTER PA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3F ◌ി MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 4463 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 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355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(4237)" d="M-203,644Q-203,716 -151.5,767.5Q-100,819 -27,819Q45,819 96.5,767.5Q148,716 148,644L148,0L78,0L78,644Q78,687 47,718Q16,749 -27,749Q-71,749 -102,718Q-133,687 -133,644L-133,590L-203,590L-203,644L-203,644Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">െടംപററി</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-i0qy97">0D1F 0D46 0D02 0D2A 0D31 0D31 0D3F</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1n83vxs">/ṭempaṟaṟi/</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1e33m33">temporary</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D46 ◌െ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E U+0D32 ല MALAYALAM LETTER LA U+0D15 ക MALAYALAM LETTER KA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D1A ച MALAYALAM LETTER CA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D47 ◌േ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D1F ട MALAYALAM LETTER TTA U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 6733 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M134,176Q134,132 161.5,101Q189,70 228,70Q267,70 294,101Q321,132 321,176Q321,219 294,250Q267,281 228,281Q189,281 161.5,250Q134,219 134,176L134,176ZM40,257Q40,396 129.5,494Q219,592 345,592Q471,592 560,501Q649,410 649,281Q649,193 615,116Q581,39 520,-12L468,36Q521,80 550,144.5Q579,209 579,281Q579,380 510.5,450.5Q442,521 345,521Q248,521 179.5,452Q111,383 111,286Q125,316 156.5,333.5Q188,351 228,351Q296,351 343.5,299.5Q391,248 391,176Q391,103 343.5,51.5Q296,0 228,0Q150,0 95,75.5Q40,151 40,257L40,257Z" /><path transform="translate(690)" d="M137,359L137,300L447,300L447,359Q447,429 401.5,479Q356,529 291,529Q227,529 182,479Q137,429 137,359L137,359ZM671,585L741,585L741,0L66,0L66,359Q66,458 132,528.5Q198,599 291,599Q384,599 450,528.5Q516,458 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transform="translate(4386)" d="M38,295Q38,421 120.5,509.5Q203,598 319,598L377,598Q425,598 459.5,557Q494,516 494,458Q494,405 459.5,367Q425,329 377,329Q329,329 294.5,363.5Q260,398 260,446Q260,470 266,491Q272,512 283,528Q211,528 159.5,460Q108,392 108,295Q108,199 163,131.5Q218,64 295,64Q278,78 269,99.5Q260,121 260,146Q260,194 294.5,228.5Q329,263 377,263Q425,263 459.5,225Q494,187 494,134Q494,76 459.5,34.5Q425,-7 377,-7L319,-7Q203,-7 120.5,81.5Q38,170 38,295L38,295ZM313,146Q313,117 331.5,96Q350,75 377,75Q404,75 423,96Q442,117 442,146Q442,172 423,190.5Q404,209 377,209Q350,209 331.5,190.5Q313,172 313,146L313,146ZM313,446Q313,419 331.5,400Q350,381 377,381Q404,381 423,400Q442,419 442,446Q442,475 423,495.5Q404,516 377,516Q350,516 331.5,495.5Q313,475 313,446L313,446Z" /><path transform="translate(4931)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 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-178,839L-131,809Q-142,800 -148,787.5Q-154,775 -154,762Q-154,733 -130,712.5Q-106,692 -72,692Q-38,692 -14,712.5Q10,733 10,762Q10,775 3.5,787Q-3,799 -14,809L33,839Q55,826 67.5,805.5Q80,785 80,762Q80,709 35.5,671Q-9,633 -72,633Q-135,633 -179.5,671Q-224,709 -224,762L-224,762Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">െലക്ചറേറാട്</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-eyfng">0D32 0D46 0D15 0D4D 0D1A 0D31 0D31 0D4B 0D1F 0D4D</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-m0s7hh">/lekcaṟaṟōṭ/</td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1re8png">to the lecturer</td></tr></table></div> </figure> <p>A very similar situation exists for the combination of <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 959 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-bm64fy">chillu-n</i> and <span title="U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 710 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">റ</span></span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>. When used side by side, <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1669 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(959)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻറ</span></span></span> can be read either /ṉṟa/ or /ṉṯa/, while stacked <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span> is always read /ṉṯa/.</p> <p>The sequence <0D7B, 0D31> is rendered as <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1669 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(959)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻറ</span></span></span>, regardless of the reading of that text. The sequence <0D7B, 0D4D, 0D31> is rendered as <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span>. In both cases, vowels signs are applied to each rendered base, as shown in <a href="#G667292" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-39</a>.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G667292" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G667292" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-39.</span> Malayalam /ṉṟa/ and /ṉṯa/</span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr><td><span title="U+0D06 ആ MALAYALAM LETTER AA U+0D47 ◌േ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 4150 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M261,246Q261,322 288.5,390.5Q316,459 367,510Q355,515 341,518Q327,521 313,521Q231,521 172.5,447Q114,373 114,269Q114,199 135.5,142Q157,85 196,52L161,-5Q106,34 75,106.5Q44,179 44,269Q44,404 123.5,499Q203,594 315,594Q353,594 382.5,587.5Q412,581 430,568Q444,582 473.5,590Q503,598 542,598Q606,598 659.5,563Q713,528 741,469Q776,529 835.5,563.5Q895,598 963,598Q1014,598 1060,576.5Q1106,555 1139,516L1167,516Q1262,516 1329,438.5Q1396,361 1396,251Q1396,94 1296.5,-17.5Q1197,-129 1057,-129Q983,-129 927.5,-112Q872,-95 846,-64L881,-5Q912,-31 957.5,-45Q1003,-59 1057,-59Q1168,-59 1247,32Q1326,123 1326,251Q1326,329 1283,384Q1240,439 1179,439Q1194,398 1201.5,358.5Q1209,319 1209,281Q1209,174 1153,98.5Q1097,23 1017,23Q956,23 913,74.5Q870,126 870,199Q870,311 926.5,394.5Q983,478 1069,493Q1049,510 1021.5,519Q994,528 963,528Q886,528 831,469.5Q776,411 776,328L776,0L706,0L706,328Q706,413 657.5,473Q609,533 541,533Q530,533 520,531.5Q510,530 501,528Q536,508 556.5,465Q577,422 577,368Q577,340 564.5,314Q552,288 530,269Q563,250 582,220Q601,190 601,157Q601,92 558,46Q515,0 454,0Q374,0 317.5,72Q261,144 261,246L261,246ZM940,199Q940,156 962,125Q984,94 1015,94Q1066,94 1102.5,149Q1139,204 1139,281Q1139,329 1130,369Q1121,409 1104,439Q1033,426 986.5,358.5Q940,291 940,199L940,199ZM332,246Q332,173 366.5,121.5Q401,70 449,70Q483,70 506.5,95.5Q530,121 530,157Q530,189 504,211.5Q478,234 442,234L402,234L402,293L437,293Q466,293 486.5,315Q507,337 507,368Q507,412 487,444Q467,476 437,481Q387,439 359.5,377.5Q332,316 332,246L332,246Z" /><path transform="translate(1438)" d="M38,295Q38,421 120.5,509.5Q203,598 319,598L377,598Q425,598 459.5,557Q494,516 494,458Q494,405 459.5,367Q425,329 377,329Q329,329 294.5,363.5Q260,398 260,446Q260,470 266,491Q272,512 283,528Q211,528 159.5,460Q108,392 108,295Q108,199 163,131.5Q218,64 295,64Q278,78 269,99.5Q260,121 260,146Q260,194 294.5,228.5Q329,263 377,263Q425,263 459.5,225Q494,187 494,134Q494,76 459.5,34.5Q425,-7 377,-7L319,-7Q203,-7 120.5,81.5Q38,170 38,295L38,295ZM313,146Q313,117 331.5,96Q350,75 377,75Q404,75 423,96Q442,117 442,146Q442,172 423,190.5Q404,209 377,209Q350,209 331.5,190.5Q313,172 313,146L313,146ZM313,446Q313,419 331.5,400Q350,381 377,381Q404,381 423,400Q442,419 442,446Q442,475 423,495.5Q404,516 377,516Q350,516 331.5,495.5Q313,475 313,446L313,446Z" /><path transform="translate(1983)" d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(2942)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /><path transform="translate(3652)" d="M33,377Q33,469 93,533.5Q153,598 238,598Q327,598 390.5,508.5Q454,419 454,293Q454,166 390.5,76.5Q327,-13 238,-13Q153,-13 93,51.5Q33,116 33,208L103,208Q103,145 142.5,101Q182,57 238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ആേൻറാ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-bs9sji">0D06 0D7B 0D47 0D31 0D3E</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-wy1m2n">/āṉṯō/</td> <td rowspan="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-813obh">a proper name</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D06 ആ MALAYALAM LETTER AA U+0D47 ◌േ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 3439 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M261,246Q261,322 288.5,390.5Q316,459 367,510Q355,515 341,518Q327,521 313,521Q231,521 172.5,447Q114,373 114,269Q114,199 135.5,142Q157,85 196,52L161,-5Q106,34 75,106.5Q44,179 44,269Q44,404 123.5,499Q203,594 315,594Q353,594 382.5,587.5Q412,581 430,568Q444,582 473.5,590Q503,598 542,598Q606,598 659.5,563Q713,528 741,469Q776,529 835.5,563.5Q895,598 963,598Q1014,598 1060,576.5Q1106,555 1139,516L1167,516Q1262,516 1329,438.5Q1396,361 1396,251Q1396,94 1296.5,-17.5Q1197,-129 1057,-129Q983,-129 927.5,-112Q872,-95 846,-64L881,-5Q912,-31 957.5,-45Q1003,-59 1057,-59Q1168,-59 1247,32Q1326,123 1326,251Q1326,329 1283,384Q1240,439 1179,439Q1194,398 1201.5,358.5Q1209,319 1209,281Q1209,174 1153,98.5Q1097,23 1017,23Q956,23 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238,57Q298,57 341,126Q384,195 384,293Q384,390 341,459Q298,528 238,528Q182,528 142.5,484Q103,440 103,377L33,377L33,377Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ആേൻ്റാ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1f7as15">0D06 0D7B 0D4D 0D31 0D4B</td></tr> <tr><td><span title="U+0D0E എ MALAYALAM LETTER E U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D47 ◌േ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA U+0D3E ◌ാ MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA U+0D7E ൾ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 5003 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M35,222Q35,324 101,396Q167,468 260,468Q353,468 419,396Q485,324 485,222Q485,182 470,143Q455,104 426,70L590,70Q590,283 696.5,434Q803,585 953,585Q1098,585 1201,448Q1304,311 1304,117Q1304,-31 1250.5,-147Q1197,-263 1105,-316L1065,-269Q1143,-224 1188.5,-120.5Q1234,-17 1234,117Q1234,282 1151.5,398.5Q1069,515 953,515Q832,515 746,384.5Q660,254 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</figure> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G742668" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G742668" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Legacy Representations of Conjunct /ṉṯa/.</span></span> Prior to Unicode 5.1 when <0D7B <i data-svelte-h="svelte-bm64fy">chillu-n</i>, 0D4D <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, 0D31 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>> became the recommendation for the conjunct <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span> /ṉṯa/, two other representations were already in use: <0D28 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, 0D4D <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, 0D31 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>> and <0D28 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, 0D4D <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, 200D ZWJ, 0D31 <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>>. All three representations are widespread because implementations have been slow to adopt the recommended representation.</p> <p>Implementations should treat <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>> in existing text as equivalent to the recommended representation for the conjunct <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span>, <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-bm64fy">chillu-n</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>>. Newly generated text should only use the recommended representation.</p> <p>The other legacy representation <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, ZWJ, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>> conflicts with the legacy representation of the side-by-side form <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1669 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(959)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻറ</span></span></span> (see “Legacy Chillu Sequences” later in this section). Therefore, implementations should treat <<i data-svelte-h="svelte-1eti1df">na</i>, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-m5mb4u">virama</i>, ZWJ, <i data-svelte-h="svelte-cvzjhd">rra</i>> as a representation of the stacked form <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D4D ◌് MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 958 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,146 665.5,108Q693,70 732,70Q780,70 814.5,125Q849,180 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q319,585 365,556Q411,527 434,478Q457,528 508.5,558Q560,588 623,588Q637,588 658.5,582.5Q680,577 709,567Q717,581 721,601.5Q725,622 725,649Q725,690 693,719.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,770Q796,721 796,651Q796,616 788.5,587Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,180 885,117Q851,54 793,23Q858,-3 897,-53.5Q936,-104 936,-161Q936,-224 892,-276Q848,-328 777,-348L740,-299Q802,-281 841,-242.5Q880,-204 880,-161Q880,-101 822.5,-59Q765,-17 684,-17Q602,-17 544,-59Q486,-101 486,-161Q486,-204 525,-242.5Q564,-281 627,-299L590,-348Q519,-328 474.5,-276Q430,-224 430,-161Q430,-89 489.5,-33Q549,23 638,36Q605,65 586.5,109Q568,153 568,204Q568,287 597,365Q626,443 680,508Q666,516 650,520Q634,524 616,524Q553,524 508,473.5Q463,423 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 143.5,161Q175,101 229,70L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ്റ</span></span></span> only if they know this sequence is not used to represent the side-by-side form <span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N U+0D31 റ MALAYALAM LETTER RRA"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1669 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /><path transform="translate(959)" d="M39,281Q39,412 131.5,504.5Q224,597 355,597Q486,597 578.5,504.5Q671,412 671,281Q671,182 616.5,101.5Q562,21 472,-12L432,47Q508,75 554.5,139Q601,203 601,281Q601,383 529,455Q457,527 355,527Q253,527 181,455Q109,383 109,281Q109,204 157.5,140Q206,76 285,47L238,-12Q148,21 93.5,101.5Q39,182 39,281L39,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻറ</span></span></span>.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G705612" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G705612" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Legacy Chillu Sequences.</span></span> Prior to Unicode Version 5.1, the representation of text with <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms was problematic, and not clearly described in the text of the standard. Because older data will use different representation for <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms, implementations must be prepared to handle both kinds of data. For <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms considered in isolation, the following table shows the relationship between their representation in Version 5.0 and earlier, and the recommended representation starting with Version 5.1. Note that only the five <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms listed in <a href="#G701954" class="svelte-elgdv8">Table 12-40</a> were specified in the standard before Version 5.1, and thus were represented in legacy text by <virama, ZWJ> sequences. Other <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> forms in Malayalam are only represented as atomically encoded <i data-svelte-h="svelte-7cisrv">chillu</i> characters.</p> <figure class="svelte-1c2v05g"><figcaption class="svelte-1c2v05g"><span id="G701954" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G701954" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a><span class="number svelte-1c2v05g">Table 12-40.</span> <span slot="title" data-svelte-h="svelte-1xzfjkm">Legacy Encoding of Malayalam <i>Chillus</i></span></span></figcaption> <div class="scrollable"><table><tr data-svelte-h="svelte-19lg2hn"><th>Visual</th> <th>Legacy Representation (5.0)</th> <th>Preferred Representation</th></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7A ൺ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 1407 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M125,164Q125,125 152,97.5Q179,70 218,70Q257,70 284.5,97.5Q312,125 312,164Q312,205 284.5,234Q257,263 218,263Q179,263 152,234Q125,205 125,164L125,164ZM43,257Q43,393 122,489Q201,585 312,585Q382,585 441.5,552Q501,519 534,462Q560,518 606,551.5Q652,585 703,585Q759,585 806.5,553.5Q854,522 879,468Q904,522 958,553.5Q1012,585 1078,585Q1103,585 1125.5,580.5Q1148,576 1166,567Q1176,588 1181,611Q1186,634 1186,658Q1186,696 1154.5,722.5Q1123,749 1079,749Q1041,749 1007,720Q973,691 956,644L902,679Q919,741 968,780Q1017,819 1079,819Q1152,819 1203.5,772Q1255,725 1255,658Q1255,627 1247.5,598Q1240,569 1225,543Q1291,497 1328,421Q1365,345 1365,257Q1365,151 1316,75.5Q1267,0 1197,0Q1121,0 1067.5,70Q1014,140 1014,239Q1014,305 1042.5,374.5Q1071,444 1125,508Q1110,513 1098.5,516Q1087,519 1080,519Q1009,519 959,470Q909,421 909,351L909,0L839,0L839,351Q839,419 799,467Q759,515 703,515Q647,515 608,467Q569,419 569,351L569,0L499,0L499,328Q499,405 444,460Q389,515 312,515Q230,515 171.5,444.5Q113,374 113,274Q123,301 151.5,317Q180,333 218,333Q286,333 334,283.5Q382,234 382,164Q382,96 334,48Q286,0 218,0Q139,0 91,70Q43,140 43,257L43,257ZM1084,239Q1084,169 1117,119.5Q1150,70 1197,70Q1238,70 1266.5,125Q1295,180 1295,257Q1295,337 1267,400Q1239,463 1190,491Q1139,430 1111.5,365Q1084,300 1084,239L1084,239Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൺ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1eba3zo"><i>nna</i>, <i>virama</i>, ZWJ<br> 0D23, 0D4D, 200D</td> <td><span title="U+0D7A ൺ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN" class="svelte-wim892">0D7A <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 959 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M638,199Q638,143 665.5,103.5Q693,64 732,64Q780,64 814.5,120.5Q849,177 849,257Q849,330 819,390Q789,450 737,480Q689,423 663.5,350.5Q638,278 638,199L638,199ZM42,293Q42,414 107,499.5Q172,585 264,585Q312,585 356,557Q400,529 428,480Q464,531 515.5,559.5Q567,588 623,588Q647,588 669,582.5Q691,577 709,567Q717,581 721,595.5Q725,610 725,625Q725,676 693,712.5Q661,749 615,749Q575,749 539.5,718Q504,687 486,637L439,679Q462,742 510.5,780.5Q559,819 615,819Q690,819 743,762Q796,705 796,625Q796,603 788.5,580.5Q781,558 767,538Q838,497 878.5,422Q919,347 919,257Q919,148 864,70.5Q809,-7 732,-7Q664,-7 616,55Q568,117 568,204Q568,291 595,369Q622,447 673,508Q661,512 648.5,514.5Q636,517 623,517Q557,517 510,468.5Q463,420 463,351L463,0L393,0L393,351Q393,419 355,467Q317,515 264,515Q201,515 156.5,450Q112,385 112,293Q112,221 146.5,160Q181,99 241,64L205,0Q129,44 85.5,122.5Q42,201 42,293L42,293Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൻ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-xtozob"><i>na</i>, <i>virama</i>, ZWJ<br> 0D28, 0D4D, 200D</td> <td><span title="U+0D7B ൻ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N" class="svelte-wim892">0D7B <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7C ർ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 646 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M335,234Q335,164 362.5,114Q390,64 429,64Q472,64 503,120.5Q534,177 534,257Q534,337 506,400Q478,463 429,491Q383,437 359,370.5Q335,304 335,234L335,234ZM43,263Q43,396 125.5,490.5Q208,585 324,585Q342,585 360,582Q378,579 394,573Q397,581 401.5,592.5Q406,604 406,608Q406,666 378.5,707.5Q351,749 312,749Q266,749 231.5,720.5Q197,692 189,649L130,672Q141,736 192.5,777.5Q244,819 312,819Q380,819 428,760.5Q476,702 476,620Q476,604 471.5,583.5Q467,563 458,538Q526,499 565.5,423.5Q605,348 605,257Q605,148 553.5,70.5Q502,-7 429,-7Q361,-7 313,63.5Q265,134 265,234Q265,313 290.5,385.5Q316,458 364,515Q269,540 191,462Q113,384 113,263Q113,199 134.5,145.5Q156,92 195,59L160,0Q106,31 74.5,101.5Q43,172 43,263L43,263Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ർ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-10mqxic"><i>ra</i>, <i>virama</i>, ZWJ<br> 0D30, 0D4D, 200D</td> <td><span title="U+0D7C ർ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR" class="svelte-wim892">0D7C <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7D ൽ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 989 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M712,228Q712,160 736,112Q760,64 794,64Q828,64 852,112Q876,160 876,228Q876,301 854.5,359Q833,417 794,450Q754,403 733,345.5Q712,288 712,228L712,228ZM326,228Q326,160 350.5,112Q375,64 410,64Q443,64 466.5,112Q490,160 490,228Q490,295 470,351.5Q450,408 413,445Q372,410 349,353Q326,296 326,228L326,228ZM46,281Q46,407 121.5,496Q197,585 303,585Q329,585 357.5,573Q386,561 413,538Q440,561 490,573Q540,585 607,585Q669,585 711,577.5Q753,570 770,555Q785,581 793,606.5Q801,632 801,654Q801,693 768,721Q735,749 689,749Q646,749 610,716.5Q574,684 560,632L502,659Q521,730 573,774.5Q625,819 689,819Q765,819 818.5,770.5Q872,722 872,654Q872,616 861,580.5Q850,545 829,515Q885,468 915.5,393Q946,318 946,228Q946,131 901.5,62Q857,-7 794,-7Q731,-7 686.5,62Q642,131 642,228Q642,290 667.5,358.5Q693,427 742,497Q727,506 692.5,510.5Q658,515 607,515Q556,515 518,507.5Q480,500 459,485Q508,436 534,369.5Q560,303 560,228Q560,131 515.5,62Q471,-7 408,-7Q345,-7 300.5,62Q256,131 256,228Q256,308 285.5,376.5Q315,445 368,490Q354,502 337,508.5Q320,515 303,515Q226,515 171,450Q116,385 116,293Q116,209 137.5,144.5Q159,80 198,47L151,0Q101,42 73.5,115.5Q46,189 46,281L46,281Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൽ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-1hehcjc"><i>la</i>, <i>virama</i>, ZWJ<br> 0D32, 0D4D, 200D</td> <td><span title="U+0D7D ൽ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L" class="svelte-wim892">0D7D <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="centered"><span title="U+0D7E ൾ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL"><span class="container svelte-12j2c1d"><svg viewBox="0 -1000 944 1000" class="svelte-12j2c1d"><g transform="scale(1 -1)"><path d="M621,204Q621,146 647,105Q673,64 710,64Q761,64 796.5,117.5Q832,171 832,246Q832,318 804.5,380.5Q777,443 727,485Q675,395 648,323.5Q621,252 621,204L621,204ZM48,328Q48,434 110,509.5Q172,585 259,585Q269,585 280,586Q291,587 294,585L294,515L259,515Q201,515 159.5,460Q118,405 118,328L118,257Q118,177 159.5,120.5Q201,64 259,64Q317,64 358,120.5Q399,177 399,257L399,328Q399,434 464,509.5Q529,585 621,585Q637,585 656.5,582Q676,579 698,573Q706,589 710.5,604Q715,619 715,632Q715,680 680.5,714.5Q646,749 598,749Q551,749 514.5,716Q478,683 469,632L411,672Q422,736 475,777.5Q528,819 598,819Q675,819 730,764Q785,709 785,632Q785,612 778,589.5Q771,567 757,543Q824,504 863,424.5Q902,345 902,246Q902,141 846,67Q790,-7 710,-7Q644,-7 597.5,55Q551,117 551,204Q551,272 580.5,349.5Q610,427 666,507Q654,511 642.5,513.5Q631,516 621,516Q558,516 513.5,461Q469,406 469,328L469,257Q469,148 407.5,70.5Q346,-7 259,-7Q172,-7 110,70.5Q48,148 48,257L48,328L48,328Z" /></g></svg><span class="text svelte-12j2c1d">ൾ</span></span></span></td> <td data-svelte-h="svelte-14bq0yd"><i>lla</i>, <i>virama</i>, ZWJ<br> 0D33, 0D4D, 200D</td> <td><span title="U+0D7E ൾ MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL" class="svelte-wim892">0D7E <span class="svelte-qd2acw">MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL</span></span></td></tr></table></div> </figure> <h3 class="svelte-wnhn6e"><span id="G697492" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697492" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>12.9.4 Malayalam Numbers and Punctuation</span> </h3> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697504" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697504" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Archaic Numbers.</span></span> The archaic numbering system for Malayalam included numbers for 10, 100, and 1000, as well as signs for fractions. Many Malayalam-specific fraction signs are encoded in the Malayalam block. Malayalam also made use of the fraction signs for one quarter, one half, and three quarters encoded in the Common Indic Number Forms block.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697526" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697526" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Date Mark.</span></span> The <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1ximqaj">date mark</i> is<i data-svelte-h="svelte-14k737u"></i>used only for the day of the month in dates; it is roughly the equivalent of “th” in “June 5th.” While it has been used in modern times it is not seen as much in contemporary use.</p> <p><span class="svelte-63ln0b"><span id="G697493" class="main svelte-1e1gno3"><a href="#G697493" title="Permalink" class="svelte-1e1gno3">#</a>Punctuation.</span></span> <i data-svelte-h="svelte-jsky4e">Danda</i> and <i data-svelte-h="svelte-1k0vaqb">double danda</i> marks as well as some other unified punctuation used with Malayalam are found in the Devanagari block; see <a href="#G12284" class="svelte-elgdv8">Section 12.1, Devanagari</a>.</p> </div> <footer data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <div class="margin-wrapper" data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4> <p data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4>The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0 </p> <p data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4>© 1991-2024 Unicode, Inc. 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