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cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-穆斯林的扩张" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#穆斯林的扩张"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>穆斯林的扩张</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-穆斯林的扩张-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拜占庭帝国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拜占庭帝国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>拜占庭帝国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拜占庭帝国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西欧的变革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西欧的变革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>西欧的变革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西欧的变革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-社会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>社会</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-朝圣的世俗化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝圣的世俗化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>朝圣的世俗化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝圣的世俗化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教会政治斗争" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教会政治斗争"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>教会政治斗争</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教会政治斗争-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-东征前的十字军" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东征前的十字军"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>东征前的十字军</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东征前的十字军-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-克萊芒會議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#克萊芒會議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>克萊芒會議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-克萊芒會議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-正統十字軍東征戰事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正統十字軍東征戰事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>正統十字軍東征戰事</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-正統十字軍東征戰事-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关正統十字軍東征戰事子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-正統十字軍東征戰事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第一次十字軍東征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次十字軍東征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>第一次十字軍東征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次十字軍東征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>第二次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>第三次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第四次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第四次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>第四次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第四次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第五次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第五次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>第五次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第五次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第六次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第六次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>第六次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第六次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第七次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第七次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>第七次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第七次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第八次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第八次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>第八次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第八次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第九次十字军东征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第九次十字军东征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>第九次十字军东征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第九次十字军东征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-北方十字军" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北方十字军"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>北方十字军</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北方十字军-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尼科波利斯十字军" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尼科波利斯十字军"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>尼科波利斯十字军</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尼科波利斯十字军-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他十字軍戰事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他十字軍戰事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其他十字軍戰事</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他十字軍戰事-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他十字軍戰事子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他十字軍戰事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阿爾比十字军" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿爾比十字军"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>阿爾比十字军</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿爾比十字军-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-阿拉貢十字軍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿拉貢十字軍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>阿拉貢十字軍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿拉貢十字軍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-德賓塞十字軍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#德賓塞十字軍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>德賓塞十字軍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-德賓塞十字軍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胡斯十字军" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡斯十字军"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>胡斯十字军</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胡斯十字军-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-類似十字軍戰事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#類似十字軍戰事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>類似十字軍戰事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-類似十字軍戰事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-十字軍東征的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十字軍東征的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>十字軍東征的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十字軍東征的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-十字軍東征參戰國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十字軍東征參戰國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>十字軍東征參戰國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十字軍東征參戰國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">十字軍東征</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。146种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruistog" title="Kruistog – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kruistog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzzug" title="Kreuzzug – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kreuzzug" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%89%80%E1%88%8D_%E1%8C%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B6%E1%89%BD" title="የመስቀል ጦርነቶች – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የመስቀል ጦርነቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzadas" title="Cruzadas – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cruzadas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حملات صليبية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حملات صليبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حملات صليبيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حملات صليبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzaes" title="Cruzaes – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cruzaes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99lib_y%C3%BCr%C3%BC%C5%9Fl%C9%99ri" title="Səlib yürüşləri – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səlib yürüşləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="صلیب یوروشلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="صلیب یوروشلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Тәре яуҙары – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тәре яуҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%AB%C5%BEiaus_%C5%BE%C4%ABg%C4%93" title="Krīžiaus žīgē – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Krīžiaus žīgē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Крыжовыя паходы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыжовыя паходы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Крыжовыя паходы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыжовыя паходы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кръстоносен поход – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кръстоносен поход" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ক্রুসেড – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রুসেড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaziadego%C3%B9" title="Kroaziadegoù – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kroaziadegoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krsta%C5%A1ki_ratovi" title="Krstaški ratovi – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krstaški ratovi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Salib" title="Porang Salib – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Porang Salib" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Хэрээһэтэнэй аян дайн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хэрээһэтэнэй аян дайн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croades" title="Croades – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Croades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88" title="ЖӀарахойн тӀелетарш – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ЖӀарахойн тӀелетарш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Krusada" title="Mga Krusada – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mga Krusada" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شەڕەکانی خاچھەڵگران – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕەکانی خاچھەڵگران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1lar_seferleri" title="Haçlılar seferleri – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Haçlılar seferleri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEov%C3%A9_v%C3%BDpravy" title="Křížové výpravy – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křížové výpravy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хĕрес харçисем – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕрес харçисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Croesgadau" title="Y Croesgadau – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Croesgadau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korstog" title="Korstog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Korstog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzzug" title="Kreuzzug – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreuzzug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σταυροφορίες – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σταυροφορίες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crusades" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krucmilitoj" title="Krucmilitoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krucmilitoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzadas" title="Cruzadas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruzadas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristis%C3%B5jad" title="Ristisõjad – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ristisõjad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurutzadak" title="Gurutzadak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gurutzadak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جنگ‌های صلیبی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ‌های صلیبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristiretket" title="Ristiretket – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ristiretket" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristis%C3%B5da" title="Ristisõda – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ristisõda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croisade" title="Croisade – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croisade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BCstooch" title="Krüstooch – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Krüstooch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosadis" title="Crosadis – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Crosadis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BAstochten" title="Krústochten – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krústochten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Cros%C3%A1id%C3%AD" title="Na Crosáidí – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Crosáidí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwazad" title="Krwazad – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Krwazad" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogaidhean_na_Croise" title="Cogaidhean na Croise – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cogaidhean na Croise" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzadas" title="Cruzadas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cruzadas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91orair%C3%B5_Marangatu" title="Ñorairõ Marangatu – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñorairõ Marangatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Crusades" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91" title="מסעי הצלב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסעי הצלב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="क्रूसयुद्ध – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रूसयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade" title="Crusade – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Crusade" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Križarski ratovi – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Križarski ratovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwazad" title="Kwazad – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwazad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keresztes_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BAk" title="Keresztes háborúk – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keresztes háborúk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խաչակրաց արշավանքներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաչակրաց արշավանքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խաչակրաց արշաւանքներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խաչակրաց արշաւանքներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciadas" title="Cruciadas – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cruciadas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Salib" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%C3%A8_%C3%81gh%C3%A1_J%C3%A9su" title="Njè Ághá Jésu – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Njè Ághá Jésu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagiti_Krusada" title="Dagiti Krusada – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dagiti Krusada" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krucomiliti" title="Krucomiliti – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Krucomiliti" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krossfer%C3%B0ir" title="Krossferðir – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krossferðir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crociata" title="Crociata – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crociata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="十字軍 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="十字軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krusiedz" title="Krusiedz – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Krusiedz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Salib" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisuu_you_(Croisades)" title="Tisuu you (Croisades) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tisuu you (Croisades)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Крест жорықтары – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Крест жорықтары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B5%B0" title="십자군 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="십자군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefer%C3%AAn_xa%C3%A7perestan" title="Seferên xaçperestan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Seferên xaçperestan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krowskasow" title="Krowskasow – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Krowskasow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кресттүүлөр жортуулдары – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кресттүүлөр жортуулдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expeditio_sacra" title="Expeditio sacra – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Expeditio sacra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krusatas" title="Krusatas – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Krusatas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хашпересрин финар – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хашпересрин финар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruutstoch" title="Kruutstoch – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kruutstoch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crujades" title="Crujades – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Crujades" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croxade" title="Croxade – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Croxade" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%BEiaus_%C5%BEygiai" title="Kryžiaus žygiai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kryžiaus žygiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krusta_kari" title="Krusta kari – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krusta kari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroazada" title="Kroazada – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kroazada" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Salib" title="Parang Salib – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Salib" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Крстоносни војни – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крстоносни војни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="കുരിശുയുദ്ധങ്ങൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുരിശുയുദ്ധങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Загалмайтны аян дайн – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Загалмайтны аян дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1" title="क्रुसेड – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रुसेड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Salib" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C4%8Bjata" title="Kruċjata – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kruċjata" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada" title="Cruzada – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cruzada" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ခရူးဆိတ် စစ်ပွဲများ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရူးဆိတ် စစ်ပွဲများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%BC%C3%BCztog" title="Krüüztog – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Krüüztog" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="क्रुसेड्स् – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्रुसेड्स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruistocht" title="Kruistocht – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kruistocht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krosstog" title="Krosstog – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krosstog" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korstog" title="Korstog – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Korstog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crou%C3%A9sade" title="Crouésade – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Crouésade" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Crosada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Дзуары балцытæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзуары балцытæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸਲੀਬੀ ਜੰਗਾਂ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਲੀਬੀ ਜੰਗਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A9sades" title="Croésades – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Croésades" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krucjata" title="Krucjata – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krucjata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosi%C3%A0" title="Crosià – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Crosià" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="صلیبی جنگاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صلیبی جنگاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%90" title="صليبي جگړې – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="صليبي جگړې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada" title="Cruzada – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruzada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciad%C4%83" title="Cruciadă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cruciadă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Крестовые походы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крестовые походы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Хрестовы походы – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хрестовы походы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кириэс похуоттар – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кириэс похуоттар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crutzadas" title="Crutzadas – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Crutzadas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciati" title="Cruciati – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cruciati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Križarski ratovi – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Križarski ratovi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0" title="කුරුස යුද්ධ – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුරුස යුද්ධ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crusades" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BEiacka_v%C3%BDprava" title="Križiacka výprava – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Križiacka výprava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarske_vojne" title="Križarske vojne – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Križarske vojne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeraradii_Siliibiyiinta" title="Weeraradii Siliibiyiinta – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Weeraradii Siliibiyiinta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryq%C3%ABzatat" title="Kryqëzatat – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryqëzatat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Крсташки ратови – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крсташки ратови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korst%C3%A5g" title="Korståg – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korståg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_za_Misalaba" title="Vita za Misalaba – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita za Misalaba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சிலுவைப் போர்கள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலுவைப் போர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="క్రూసేడులు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రూసేడులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94" title="สงครามครูเสด – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามครูเสด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%A7ly_%C3%BD%C3%B6ri%C5%9Fler" title="Haçly ýörişler – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Haçly ýörişler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Krusada" title="Mga Krusada – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Krusada" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferleri" title="Haçlı Seferleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haçlı Seferleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4re_yawlar%C4%B1" title="Täre yawları – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Täre yawları" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D9%89%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%82%DB%95_%D9%8A%DB%88%D8%B1%DB%88%D8%B4_%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89" title="سەلىپنىڭ شەرققە يۈرۈش قىلىشى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سەلىپنىڭ شەرققە يۈرۈش قىلىشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Хрестові походи – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрестові походи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="صلیبی جنگیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صلیبی جنگیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salib_yurishlari" title="Salib yurishlari – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Salib yurishlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crozade" title="Crozade – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Crozade" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_t%E1%BB%B1_chinh" title="Thập tự chinh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập tự chinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruustochtn" title="Kruustochtn – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kruustochtn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croejh%C3%A5de_(guere)" title="Croejhåde (guere) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Croejhåde (guere)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krusada" title="Krusada – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Krusada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarey_j%C3%B3o%C3%B1e" title="Xarey jóoñe – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xarey jóoñe" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="十字军东征 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="十字军东征" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჯვაროსანული ლაშქუეფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვაროსანული ლაშქუეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%92" title="קרייצצוג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קרייצצוג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibcihginh_doengcwngh" title="Cibcihginh doengcwngh – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cibcihginh doengcwngh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="十字軍東征" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dp-j%C4%AB-kun" title="Si̍p-jī-kun – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍p-jī-kun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="十字軍東征" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="十字軍">十字軍</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-8e4f27fc" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Popes"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh:阿拉貢; zh-hant:亞拉岡;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh:加爾文; zh-hk:加爾文; zh-tw:喀爾文; zh-hans:加尔文;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:哥特;zh-hant:哥德;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:伊比利亚;zh-hk:伊比利亞;zh-tw:伊比利;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>十字軍</b>」重定向至此。关于同名坦克，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" title="十字軍坦克">十字軍坦克</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于由萤火虫工作室2002年开发的一款关于十字军东征的游戏，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E%EF%BC%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="要塞：十字军东征">要塞：十字军东征</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SiegeofAntioch.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SiegeofAntioch.jpeg/250px-SiegeofAntioch.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SiegeofAntioch.jpeg/375px-SiegeofAntioch.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SiegeofAntioch.jpeg/500px-SiegeofAntioch.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="2849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次十字軍東征">第一次十字軍東征</a>時的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="安條克之圍">安條克之圍</a>，出自中世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E9%87%91%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E6%89%8B%E6%8A%84%E6%9C%AC" title="泥金裝飾手抄本">泥金裝飾手抄本</a>，Jean Colombe作品，約1490年。</figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="Template:Campaignbox 十字军"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="Template talk:Campaignbox 十字军"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Campaignbox_%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Campaignbox 十字军"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="十字軍東征" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>意识形态与制度</b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十字军运动 (意识形态)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusading movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8_(%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十字军运动 (意识形态)（页面不存在）">十字军运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusading_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Crusading movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusading movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><b>1095年前</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比萨-热那亚远征撒丁岛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%90%A8-%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81%E6%92%92%E4%B8%81%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比萨-热那亚远征撒丁岛（页面不存在）">撒丁岛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisan%E2%80%93Genoese_expeditions_to_Sardinia" class="extiw" title="en:Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马赫迪耶战役 (1087年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mahdia campaign of 1087"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA%E8%80%B6%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(1087%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马赫迪耶战役 (1087年)（页面不存在）">马赫迪耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdia_campaign_of_1087" class="extiw" title="en:Mahdia campaign of 1087"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mahdia campaign of 1087</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA)" title="圣地 (地区)">圣地地区</a> (1095年－1291年)</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第一次十字军东征">第一次</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1101%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="1101年十字軍東征">1101年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="挪威十字軍">挪威</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威尼斯十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Venetian Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威尼斯十字军（页面不存在）">威尼斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Venetian Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Venetian Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1129年十字军东征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of 1129"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1129%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1129年十字军东征（页面不存在）">1129年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_1129" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of 1129"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of 1129</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第二次十字军东征">第二次</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第三次十字军东征">第三次</a></b></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1197年十字軍東征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of 1197"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1197%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1197年十字軍東征（页面不存在）">1197年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_1197" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of 1197"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of 1197</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第四次十字军东征">第四次</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第五次十字军东征">第五次</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第六次十字军东征">第六次</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E7%88%B5%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="諸爵十字軍">男爵</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第七次十字军东征">第七次</a></b></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1267年十字军东征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of 1267"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1267%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1267年十字军东征（页面不存在）">1267年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_1267" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of 1267"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of 1267</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉贡王子十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of the Infants of Aragon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉贡王子十字军（页面不存在）">阿拉贡王子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Infants_of_Aragon" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of the Infants of Aragon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of the Infants of Aragon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第八次十字军东征">第八次</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第九次十字军东征">第九次</a></b></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海外之地的陷落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fall of Outremer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E4%B9%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海外之地的陷落（页面不存在）">终结</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" class="extiw" title="en:Fall of Outremer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fall of Outremer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><b>1291年后</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="士麦那十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Smyrniote crusades"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%AB%E9%BA%A6%E9%82%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="士麦那十字军（页面不存在）">士麦那</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrniote_crusades" class="extiw" title="en:Smyrniote crusades"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Smyrniote crusades</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚历山大港十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alexandrian Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚历山大港十字军（页面不存在）">亚历山大港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Alexandrian Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alexandrian Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马赫迪耶十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barbary Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA%E8%80%B6%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马赫迪耶十字军（页面不存在）">马赫迪耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Barbary Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barbary Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特得利斯十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of Tedelis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%97%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特得利斯十字军（页面不存在）">特德利斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_Tedelis" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of Tedelis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of Tedelis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博纳十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bona crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博纳十字军（页面不存在）">博纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona_crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Bona crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bona crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="北方十字军入侵">北方十字军</a></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡尔玛远征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kalmare ledung"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%9B%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔玛远征（页面不存在）">卡尔玛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmare_ledung" class="extiw" title="en:Kalmare ledung"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kalmare ledung</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="文德十字军">文德</a></li> <li>瑞典 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一次瑞典十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="First Swedish Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次瑞典十字军（页面不存在）">第一次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:First Swedish Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">First Swedish Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次瑞典十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Swedish Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次瑞典十字军（页面不存在）">第二次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Swedish_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Second Swedish Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Swedish Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第三次瑞典十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Third Swedish Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三次瑞典十字军（页面不存在）">第三次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Swedish_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Third Swedish Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Third Swedish Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="立窝尼亚十字军入侵">利沃尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普魯士十字軍" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prussian Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普魯士十字軍（页面不存在）">普魯士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Prussian Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prussian Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BE%B7%E6%B9%96%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="楚德湖战役">诺夫哥罗德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="立陶宛十字軍">立陶宛</a></li></ul> <p><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="民间十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Popular crusades"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民间十字军（页面不存在）">民间十字军</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_crusades" class="extiw" title="en:Popular crusades"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Popular crusades</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="平民十字軍">平民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="儿童十字军">兒童</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牧人十字军 (1251年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shepherds' Crusade (1251)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B_(1251%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧人十字军 (1251年)（页面不存在）">第一次牧人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1251)" class="extiw" title="en:Shepherds' Crusade (1251)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shepherds' Crusade (1251)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贫民十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of the Poor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="貧民十字軍">贫民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Poor" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of the Poor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of the Poor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牧人十字军 (1320年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shepherds' Crusade (1320)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B_(1320%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧人十字军 (1320年)（页面不存在）">第二次牧人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1320)" class="extiw" title="en:Shepherds' Crusade (1320)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shepherds' Crusade (1320)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <p><b>对抗基督徒</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="阿尔比十字军">阿爾比派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德伦特十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drenther Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特十字军（页面不存在）">德伦特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drenther_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Drenther Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drenther Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯丁根十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stedinger Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯丁根十字军（页面不存在）">斯丁根</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedinger_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Stedinger Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stedinger Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波斯尼亚十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bosnian Crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯尼亚十字军（页面不存在）">波斯尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_Crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Bosnian Crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bosnian Crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="阿拉貢十字軍">阿拉貢</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波希米亚十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bohemian Crusade (1340)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波希米亚十字军（页面不存在）">波希米亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Crusade_(1340)" class="extiw" title="en:Bohemian Crusade (1340)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bohemian Crusade (1340)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="德斯潘塞十字军">德宾塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯</a></li></ul> <p><b>对抗奥斯曼</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨伏伊十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Savoyard crusade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨伏伊十字军（页面不存在）">萨伏伊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoyard_crusade" class="extiw" title="en:Savoyard crusade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Savoyard crusade</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="尼科波利斯戰役">尼科波利斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦尔纳十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of Varna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦尔纳十字军（页面不存在）">瓦尔纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of Varna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of Varna</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1481%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="1481年十字軍">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="神圣同盟">神圣同盟</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴尔瓦斯特罗十字军" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crusade of Barbastro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴尔瓦斯特罗十字军（页面不存在）">巴尔瓦斯特罗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade_of_Barbastro" class="extiw" title="en:Crusade of Barbastro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crusade of Barbastro</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴利阿里群岛远征 (1113年－1115年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E8%BF%9C%E5%BE%81_(1113%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1115%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴利阿里群岛远征 (1113年－1115年)（页面不存在）">巴利阿里群岛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1113%E2%80%931115_Balearic_Islands_expedition" class="extiw" title="en:1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="拉斯纳瓦斯·德·托洛萨会战">拉斯纳瓦斯·德·托洛萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="格拉纳达战争">格拉纳达</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a><br /><span style="font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Category:基督教"><b>系列條目</b></a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督</a></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督教中的耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">降生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="耶稣的事工">事工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="十字架">十字架</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></li> <li>基础</li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">舊約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3)" title="福音 (耶稣)">福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣经书卷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Books of the Bible"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%A6%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣经书卷（页面不存在）">书卷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="extiw" title="en:Books of the Bible"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Books of the Bible</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="教会">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新约 (概念)</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%90" title="神子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">辨惑学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗礼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教神学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Christian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教神學史">神学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Christian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Christian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christian tradition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教传统（页面不存在）">传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christian tradition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">马利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">彼得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">阿奎那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">亞維儂分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·威克里夫">威克里夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚胡斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">慈運理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5" title="雅各布斯·阿民念">阿民念</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">派系</a></li><li>群组</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="靈恩派">靈恩派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基要派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="正教会">正教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">東正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独一神格五旬节派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oneness Pentecostal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E8%8A%82%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独一神格五旬节派（页面不存在）">独一神格五旬节派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostal" class="extiw" title="en:Oneness Pentecostal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oneness Pentecostal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;">相关专题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">合一运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教与其他宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christianity and other religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="基督教與其他宗教">其他宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Christianity and other religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christianity and other religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A#基督教的禱告" title="祷告">禱告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="布道">布道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="基督教象徵">基督教象徵</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">Portal:基督教</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Template:基督教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:基督教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>十字軍東征</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Cruciata</span>；法語：<span lang="fr">Croisade</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰世界">伊斯兰世界</a>稱為<b>法蘭克人入侵</b>；1096年－1291年）是一系列在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>的准許下的战争，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B3%E7%88%B5" title="勳爵">封建領地主</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB" title="骑士">骑士</a>对被他們視為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E7%95%A5%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="侵略者">侵略者</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰政权">伊斯兰政权</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>东岸）发动持续近200年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="战争">战争</a>。十字軍東征最初參與成員，例如：騎士、商人、農民，多數是自願的，受<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>之邀、以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="羅馬教廷">羅馬教廷</a>的認可下，參與奪回聖地戰爭。這些十字軍也非拜占庭帝國主力部隊。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>徒也参加其中幾次十字军。 </p><p>参加这场战争的士兵配有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="十字">十字</a>标志，因此称为十字军<sup id="cite_ref-上四十三_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-上四十三-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。十字军主要是天主教會势力对<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>統治的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西亞">西亞</a>地区作佔領并建了一些基督教国家，因而也被形象的比喻为“十字架反对弓月”；但也涉及对“基督教异端”、其他异教徒和对其他天主教会及封建领主的“敌对势力”<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>的征服，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第四次十字軍東征">第四次十字軍東征</a>因<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a>的煽動而将矛头指向了東正教的拜占庭帝國。<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OHC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>天主教徒相信，十字军的最初目的是收复被穆斯林统治的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="圣地">圣地</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>。当<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞尔柱土耳其</a>的穆斯林與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>的拜占庭帝国在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="安纳托利亚">安纳托利亚</a>对戰並取得军事胜利後，十字军的战役为响应拜占廷帝國的求助而被点燃了。旷日持久的战役断断续续在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>地区展开，<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>战争中敌友双方界线不完全是按宗教划定，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第五次十字军东征">第五次东征</a>时基督徒们与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗姆苏丹国">罗姆苏丹国</a>结盟。<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEnc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>十字军雖然以捍衛宗教、解放聖地為口號，但實際上是以政治、社會與經濟等目的為主，伴随着一定程度上的劫掠，参加东征的各个集团都有自己的目的，甚至在1204年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第四次十字軍東征">第四次十字軍東征</a>劫掠了天主教兄弟東正教拜占庭首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>，以及在1271年第九次十字軍東征和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古四大汗國">蒙古四大汗國</a>之一的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%92%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="伊兒汗國">伊兒汗國</a>結盟一起攻打埃及穆斯林。所以，美国学者朱迪斯·M·本内特在他的著作《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲中世纪史（页面不存在）">欧洲中世纪史</a>》裏写道，「十字军远征聚合了当时的三大时代热潮：宗教、战争和贪慾」<sup id="cite_ref-EM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到1291年，基督教世界在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>海岸最后一个桥头堡——<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="阿卡 (以色列)">阿卡</a>被攻陷，十字军国家的命运告终。十字军东征對西方基督教世界造成了深远的社会、经济和政治影响，其中有些痕跡至今尚存。<sup id="cite_ref-EM_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/350px-Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/525px-Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png/700px-Carte_des_croisades_avec_participation_des_Fran%C3%A7ais.png 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>十字軍東征地图</figcaption></figure> <p>关于十字军东征的起源和历史背景，在历史学界存在广泛的争议。一般来说，它与11世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>的社会和政治形势、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教会">天主教会</a>改革、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>在欧洲和中东地区的斗争有着紧密的联系。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="穆斯林的扩张"><span id=".E7.A9.86.E6.96.AF.E6.9E.97.E7.9A.84.E6.89.A9.E5.BC.A0"></span>穆斯林的扩张</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：穆斯林的扩张"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%EF%BC%8D%E8%96%A9%E7%8F%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(602%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D628%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭－薩珊戰爭 (602年－628年)">拜占庭－薩珊戰爭 (602年－628年)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国">阿拉伯帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞尔柱帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="耶路撒冷历史">耶路撒冷历史</a></div> <p>从第一世纪开始，创始于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>境內<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="猶太 (羅馬行省)">犹太省</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="巴勒斯坦地区">巴勒斯坦地区</a>）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>迅速传遍罗马帝国。4世纪时的基督教已是罗马帝国的最大宗教，313年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4_(%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81)" title="米兰敕令 (君士坦丁)">米兰敕令</a>使之合法化<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並在380年時<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="狄奧多西大帝">狄奧多西大帝</a>任內成為為羅馬帝國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在随后的几个世纪，耶路撒冷、巴勒斯坦和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>地区都处于罗马帝国及其分裂后的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>（東羅馬帝國）境内，基督徒在圣地占据压倒性优势<sup id="cite_ref-MSource_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSource-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>7世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="阿拉伯半岛">阿拉伯半岛</a>兴起，先知穆罕默德的後繼者——<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">四大哈里發</a>時期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>们迅速向阿拉伯半岛以外的地区扩张，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a>的历史格局从此发生巨变。而此时拜占廷帝国和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%8F%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="萨珊帝国">萨珊帝国</a>因<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%EF%BC%8D%E8%96%A9%E7%8F%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(602%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D628%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭－薩珊戰爭 (602年－628年)">彼此的连年战争</a>而筋疲力竭，人民厭戰，新兴的穆斯林从中得利，輕易擊敗兩個帝國。穆斯林在636年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>击败拜占廷军队，并于638年占领了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="圣地">圣地</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>，穆斯林稱為古都斯<sup id="cite_ref-MSource_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSource-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在7世纪的剩余时间里，阿拉伯人不可阻挡地向北方和西方驱进。阿拉伯军队于711年渡过<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="直布罗陀海峡">直布罗陀海峡</a>，并击败了西哥特人；次年扩张至伊比利亚半岛中部（今<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>）；到8世纪30年代，在歐洲西面，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="柏柏爾人">柏柏爾人</a>為主的穆斯林征服者挺进到法兰克王国的心脏地带，却在732年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="圖爾戰役">图尔战役</a>中被<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9" title="查理·马特">查理·马特</a>挫败，其在西欧的扩张步伐遂被遏止。而在東面，717年—718年君士坦丁堡重挫了<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚王朝</a>阿拉伯人的围攻，到9世纪时西西里岛和许多其他地中海岛屿已被阿拉伯人夺取<sup id="cite_ref-ORB_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ORB-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在这场征服风暴过去后的时期，尤其是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="阿巴斯王朝">阿巴斯王朝</a>时代，儘管相比於<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚王朝</a>宗教政策較為不寬容，然而雙方關係尚稱融洽，在耶路撒冷有<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚王朝</a>所建立的年集市，吸引了大批西欧商人和朝圣者。在《圣阿丹南传》里，对下列情况表示惊讶：“来自各国的无数商人群众，常聚集于耶路撒冷来互相进行买卖。”在869年耶路撒冷主教狄奥多西写给<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>的同僚的信里，赞扬了<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E6%A3%AE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="萨拉森人">萨拉森人</a>的宽大政策，因为基督徒可以建造教堂并依照他们自己的法律过活<sup id="cite_ref-ESH_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。10世纪開始，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬</a>國力日盛並對穆斯林諸國威脅加劇，穆斯林開始引進<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>雇傭軍。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>的宗教政策並不如阿拉伯人寬容，同時<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>等較為排外的穆斯林宗派勢力也開始抬頭。雙方衝突日益加劇。 909年，伊斯兰教<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a>首领在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="突尼斯">突尼斯</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蒂玛">法蒂玛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%9C" title="阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜">阿里</a>的后裔自居，自称<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="哈里发">哈里发</a>，是为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>（中国史书称“绿衣大食”），建都<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="马赫迪亚">马赫迪亚</a>（969年迁至<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E7%BD%97" title="开罗">开罗</a>）。1009年，西方对穆斯林态度发生了巨变，日後圣地的統治權在十字軍出現前反覆在什叶派（开罗）和遜尼派（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="巴格達">巴格達</a>）政權之間交替。这一年，第六任<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>法蒂玛王朝哈里发暴君<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E9%98%BF%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="哈基姆·比阿穆爾·阿拉">哈基姆</a>下令摧毁包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A2%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="圣墓教堂">圣墓教堂</a>在内的所有耶路撒冷基督<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太会堂">犹太会堂</a>，加深了对非穆斯林的迫害<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。基督教徒到耶路撒冷朝聖的路被封，在近東，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="朝聖者">朝聖者</a>受新入主西亞的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥語民族">突厥</a>奴隸軍人穆斯林侮辱的消息傳至西歐，基督教與伊斯蘭教互相對立氣氛更加嚴重。<sup id="cite_ref-远因_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-远因-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1039年，在埃及，哈基姆的继任者恢復宗教寬容政策，允许拜占庭重建圣墓教堂，雙方關係再次和平<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。随后，朝圣者被允许往来于圣地，同时突厥穆斯林統治者们也開始认识到朝圣者之于增加财源的重要性。因此，对异教的迫害中止。然而，破坏毕竟已经造成，而后来的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%B1%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾柱人">塞尔柱人</a>（另一支入主西亞的突厥人）加剧了基督教世界的堪忧<sup id="cite_ref-远因_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-远因-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/280px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/420px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/560px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>1092年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞尔柱帝国</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔柱">塞尔柱人</a>原是突厥乌古斯部落联盟的一支，居于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯</a>草原，以其酋长塞尔柱命名。1037年，日益强盛的塞尔柱人建立王朝。1055年，塞尔柱王朝推翻<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9B%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="白益王朝">白益王朝</a>，控制了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="哈里发">哈里发</a>政权。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞尔柱帝国</a>的扩张引发了与<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>和法蒂玛王朝在中东地区的利益冲突，其中1071年在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%BD%90%E5%88%BB%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="曼齐刻尔特战役">曼齐刻尔特一役</a>中拜占庭的惨败，以及1073年（一说1076年）<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>为塞尔柱人所占领，对十字军东征产生了刺激作用。<sup id="cite_ref-Holt_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在塞尔柱突厥人的统治之下，叙利亚和巴勒斯坦的人民及基督徒的地位，史学界尚存争议。从<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩西·吉尔（页面不存在）">摩西·吉尔</a>的著作和现存的古手稿残片来看，“塞尔柱的占领巴勒斯坦时期（1073年—1098年），屠戮多，人口减少，文物遭肆意破坏…”<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一般認為，塞尔柱突厥人常刁難、虐待前來耶路撒冷朝聖的基督徒<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是，美国史学家詹姆斯·W·汤普逊援引<mark class="template-facttext"><span title="非常模棱两可或者十分空泛的语句">拉姆塞</span></mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁？]</span></span></a></sup>的话说，“塞尔柱苏丹以极其宽大和容忍的态度，来统治他们的基督教臣民，甚至有偏见的拜占庭历史学家，也隐约谈到：基督徒在很多情况下宁愿受苏丹的统治而不愿受此前的皇帝的统治……至于宗教迫害，在塞尔柱时代，没有一点痕跡。”<sup id="cite_ref-ESH_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。「既然11世纪以前穆斯林的统治和11世纪土耳其人的统治并没有那么大的反差，而西欧的反应却反差强烈，甚至会大量流传关于土耳其人虐待的說法，那只能说明同过去相比西欧这一方发生了变化。」<sup id="cite_ref-西欧变动_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-西欧变动-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拜占庭帝国"><span id=".E6.8B.9C.E5.8D.A0.E5.BA.AD.E5.B8.9D.E5.9B.BD"></span>拜占庭帝国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：拜占庭帝国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%BD%90%E5%88%BB%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="曼齐刻尔特战役">曼齐刻尔特战役</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="马其顿王朝">馬其頓王朝</a>開始後，國勢恢復的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂瑪王朝</a>等西亞回教諸國的戰爭開始再度白熱化。1025年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="巴西尔二世">巴西爾二世</a>駕崩後，由於連年內戰，東羅馬國勢日衰。1071年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔柱">塞尔柱帝国</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%BD%90%E5%88%BB%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="曼齐刻尔特战役">曼齐刻尔特战役</a>中大勝拜占庭帝国军队，结果使拜占庭丧失了大半的国土，其版图只限于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a>一隅和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="安纳托利亚">安纳托利亚</a>西北角。至此東羅馬無力單獨對抗穆斯林威脅，君士坦丁堡方面因為失去安納托利亞作為屏障，不得不寻求西方的军事援助。<sup id="cite_ref-treadgold_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treadgold-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>作为对曼齐刻尔特局势的回应，1074年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="額我略七世">教宗额我略七世</a>发出名为“上帝的士兵”（milites Christi）呼吁，而这常常为当时的西欧所忽视。<sup id="cite_ref-Asbridge_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asbridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西欧的变革"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E6.AC.A7.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.98.E9.9D.A9"></span>西欧的变革</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：西欧的变革"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度 (歐洲)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="东西教会大分裂">东西教会大分裂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%90%95%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="克吕尼改革">克吕尼改革</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="社会"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A"></span>社会</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：社会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>11世纪前，欧洲人口并不多，许多人受着贫困的侵袭；木质<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" title="城堡">城堡</a>局限了人们的视野；<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="货币">货币</a>不流通，文化只见于<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="王宫">王宫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="修道院">修道院</a>。权力分散和野蛮粗暴是这个时代的特征。1000年左右开始，大规模的人口迁移趋停，人口逐渐增加。农民们有了较好的工具，他们开垦荒地和森林以扩大耕地，富余粮食也越来越多。城市居民增加，开始有别于乡村，不过这些城市规模远小于东方。在东方许多港口，西欧人的身影较频繁出现了。<sup id="cite_ref-十字军_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-十字军-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>随着基督教在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="维京人">维京人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%89%8E%E5%85%92%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="馬扎兒人">马扎儿人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>中的传播和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝">加洛林王朝</a>的崩溃，西欧国家的疆域逐渐趋稳；另外，采邑制更加普及，封建领主遍布，他们买得起包括战马在内的作战装备，这些领主以及随从们被称为“骑士”，成为贵族阶层的一个象征，建立在日耳曼崇尚勇武、荣誉和忠诚传统上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB" title="骑士">骑士制度</a>逐渐成形。<sup id="cite_ref-十字军_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-十字军-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>许多国家内战、民族迫害和领主间的私战等暴力事件不断发生，像公国、伯国这样的封建领地实力相对均衡。贵族阶层的作战和冒险欲望强烈，这与当时天主教廷发布旨在使人们克制暴力的“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3" title="上帝的和平">上帝和平、上帝休战</a>”运动相矛盾<sup id="cite_ref-沈_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="朝圣的世俗化"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E5.9C.A3.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.96.E4.BF.97.E5.8C.96"></span>朝圣的世俗化</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：朝圣的世俗化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>11世纪的欧洲正处于<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%90%95%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="克吕尼改革">克吕尼运动</a>的高峰期，宗教的思想观念与感情已深入到人们的骨髓，人们的时空观、财富观、劳动观以及其他一切行为，无不受到基督教的深刻而持久的作用，在几乎任何一个教堂或小村庄都会听到人们发自内心的对<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="天国">天国</a>的追求和对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="地狱">地狱</a>的恐惧。十字军東征发生前的10—11世纪之交，正值基督教史上的所谓“世界末日”，而这时的西欧也正处于长期的荒年。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人们疯狂地相信《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%BD%95" title="启示录">启示录</a>》中提到的基督在十字架上被钉死以来的千年末日已经来临，类似“世界末日之时，西方皇帝会在耶路撒冷加冕，并与反基督的异教徒在那里战斗”的传言在欧洲各地到处散播。<sup id="cite_ref-沈_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在这种压力下，一种强烈的“赎罪”与“修来世”的意识成为当时的社会时尚，人们把现实苦难看作是上帝对其的惩罚，积极提倡<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E4%BF%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="苦修">苦修</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AC%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="禁欲">禁欲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A5%E8%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="补赎">补赎</a>，并由此引发出狂热的对物崇拜和圣地朝圣。在欧洲圣地朝圣早已有之，但此刻的朝圣被教会赋予了新的含义，即朝圣本身也是一种补赎，朝圣者启程之始要象教士一样立誓信教，朝圣期间要过独身生活，并要朝圣者到达圣地进行祈祷时，“他本身已具有了一种权力，可杀一个邪恶的人或治愈一个病人”<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到11世纪时，欧洲朝圣者的人数空前增长。原先小规模的朝圣被大规模的忏悔朝圣所代替。1054年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7" title="康布雷">康布雷</a>主教率领3000名朝圣者前往耶路撒冷；1064年—1065年德国科隆、美因兹等地的主教率领上万名基督徒和一支拥有相当人数军队组成的朝圣大军前往耶路撒冷，结果约有3000人在途中倒毙<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在当时宗教文化浓厚的时代氛围中，去往圣地进行“圣战”成为一条便捷的赎罪途径，对于穷苦又无援的民众来说，朝圣或到东方去“圣战”也是他们改善命运的出路<sup id="cite_ref-沈_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-沈-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="教会政治斗争"><span id=".E6.95.99.E4.BC.9A.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E6.96.97.E4.BA.89"></span>教会政治斗争</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：教会政治斗争"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregor7_g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Gregor7_g.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略七世">额我略七世</a></figcaption></figure> <p>东欧的拜占庭帝国长期奉行的东正教派，并与罗马的天主派在神学、教会组织等各方面的分歧不断扩大。1053年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>基督教会<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>牧首<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%89%A7%E9%A6%96)" title="米海尔一世 (普世牧首)">米海尔一世</a>，因君士坦丁堡的拉丁礼教堂拒绝使用希腊礼拜仪式，遂将其全数关闭。聖座提出抗议。弥格耳反而质问西方教会<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92" title="弥撒">弥撒</a>用<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%85%B5%E9%A4%85" title="無酵餅">无酵饼</a>源自犹太人实为异端（新约圣经格林多前书5:8 所以我们过节，不可用旧酵母，也不可用奸诈和邪恶的酵母，而只可用纯洁和真诚的无酵饼）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%89%AF%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗良九世">教宗良九世</a>派了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E6%8B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="亨拜">亨拜</a>枢机至君士坦丁堡，与弥格耳谈判，但是双方各不相让，谈判破裂。1054年7月14日亨拜进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%B4%A2%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="圣索非亚大教堂">圣索非亚大教堂</a>，将开除弥格耳教籍的判书放到祭台上，出了教堂。而弥格耳不肯屈服，当众把教宗送来的诏书烧毁。之后教宗和君士坦丁堡牧首相互<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E7%BD%9A" title="绝罚">绝罚</a>，基督教正式分裂为西方的天主教會（拉丁教會）和東方的東正教會（希臘教會）。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有历史学家认为，虽然发起第一次十字军东征的教宗乌尔巴诺二世没有提及聖座谋求在东方的影响力，但不失为号召十字军的目的之一。<sup id="cite_ref-Asbridge_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asbridge-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 从罗马帝国晚期到11世纪，教会官员的任命尽管理论上是罗马天主教会的任务，但实际上由世俗权威履行。主教和修道院长们接受世俗权利，买卖圣职活动泛滥，甚至神圣罗马帝国皇帝对聖座施加影响。教宗額我略七世（1073年—1085年在位）因应当时的宗教改革呼声，提出的教会的權柄高于政治的權柄，并下令禁止貴族私自封立主教及指派教會職位，要求聖品人員嚴守獨身的誓言。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>然而，这对西方基督教世界的封建统治者们，尤其是靠日耳曼主教和伦巴底主教支持的神圣罗马帝国皇帝亨利四世构成威胁，因此发生了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a>。教宗和皇帝双方势力都需要引导舆论获取民众支持，而号召人们对圣地的宗教热情对确立教宗的“普世权威”是有利的。<sup id="cite_ref-EM_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>实际上，来往朝圣的人们中有不少带着朝圣者和商人的双重角色。<sup id="cite_ref-中古_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中古-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如10世纪末期，一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>商人利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD" title="拜占庭">拜占庭</a>给他们的保护建立了同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>的商业关系。他们对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="圣地">圣地</a>表现出热忱，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E9%98%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="安提阿">安提阿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>为朝圣者建造旅舍。后来，穆斯林与<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">热那亚</a>和比萨舰队作战失利，加之诺曼人征服<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C" title="西西里">西西里</a>（1090年），伊斯兰势力逐渐丧失了在地中海的优势地位，意大利沿岸各共和国的商业野心受到了有力的刺激<sup id="cite_ref-经济社会_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-经济社会-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="东征前的十字军"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81.E5.89.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B"></span>东征前的十字军</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：东征前的十字军"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg/220px-Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg/330px-Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg/440px-Almoravid_map_reconquest_loc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>1085年的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a>：南方的伊斯兰国家<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="穆拉比特王朝">穆拉比特</a>和北方的基督教诸王国（<b>A</b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉贡王国">阿拉贡王国</a>，<b>C</b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="卡斯蒂利亚王国">卡斯蒂利亚王国</a>，<b>L</b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="莱昂王国">莱昂王国</a>，<b>N</b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="納瓦拉王國">纳瓦尔王国</a>，<b>P</b><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙王国">葡萄牙王国</a>）</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="收复失地运动">收复失地运动</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼人">诺曼人</a></div> <p>实际上基督徒对穆斯林的“圣战”的序幕在东征之前就已拉开，如1090年意大利南部皈依基督教的诺曼人从穆斯林手中夺回了西西里岛。而最早的十字军运动发生在西欧的边缘——<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a>，西欧的基督徒与穆斯林的矛盾在此表现最为剧烈。早年阿拉伯人入侵并灭亡<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="西哥特王国">西哥特王国</a>时，半岛上就开始了<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%A4%8D%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="收复失地运动">收复失地运动</a>。11世纪，支援伊比利亚人对异教徒的战斗的外国骑士（主要来自法国）增多，同时半岛北方基督教的卡斯蒂利亚王国与莱昂王国实现了联合。<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在第一次十字军东征前夕，作为与东征部队的呼应，教宗乌尔巴诺二世便鼓励这里的基督徒们收复<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E7%BA%B3" title="塔拉戈纳">塔拉戈纳</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="克萊芒會議"><span id=".E5.85.8B.E8.90.8A.E8.8A.92.E6.9C.83.E8.AD.B0"></span>克萊芒會議</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：克萊芒會議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CouncilofClermont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CouncilofClermont.jpg/220px-CouncilofClermont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CouncilofClermont.jpg/330px-CouncilofClermont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CouncilofClermont.jpg/440px-CouncilofClermont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%BA%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="乌尔巴诺二世">乌尔巴诺二世</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E8%92%99%E8%B4%B9%E6%9C%97" title="克莱蒙费朗">克萊芒</a>做东征的号召</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E8%8A%92%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="克莱芒会议">克莱芒会议</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗烏爾巴諾二世">教宗烏爾巴諾二世</a>在1095年11月在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%B4%E5%AF%9F" title="皮亚琴察">皮亚琴察</a>召開宗教會議，正好東正教的拜占庭皇帝派來特使在會議上痛陳<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>西侵的壓迫，於是教宗在會議上疾呼西歐應收復聖地並解救同為基督教兄弟的危難，但對抗強大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>勢力必須有更多的團結勢力，於是教宗在同年12月冬天在法國克萊芒召開更大的基督教會議發表演說以號召更多響應者，此次參與會議多達數萬人並且包含了各地大主教與封建貴族騎士與平民，造成貴族與平民間熱烈響應，並且確立以十字記號為軍隊徽幟，制訂大量徽章大量發放，十字軍的名稱由此而來<sup id="cite_ref-聖_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-聖-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="正統十字軍東征戰事"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E7.B5.B1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.9D.B1.E5.BE.81.E6.88.B0.E4.BA.8B"></span>正統十字軍東征戰事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：正統十字軍東征戰事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>正統十字軍東征的性質為奪回聖地、鏟除異教徒的十字軍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一次十字軍東征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.9D.B1.E5.BE.81"></span>第一次十字軍東征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：第一次十字軍東征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crois%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crois%C3%A9s.jpg/220px-Crois%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crois%C3%A9s.jpg/330px-Crois%C3%A9s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Crois%C3%A9s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>十字军的装束</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第一次十字军东征">第一次十字军东征</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="平民十字軍">平民十字軍</a></div> <p>克莱蒙特会议后，在教宗乌尔巴诺二世的指导下，加之对经济和精神特权的憧憬，西欧许多社会阶层都跃跃欲试，指望在十字军东征中能够碰到好运气，改变自己的处境<sup id="cite_ref-中古_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中古-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第一次十字军空前需要现款，这导致了经济社会一度混乱。许多主教、贵族，甚至农民拿出了窖藏多年甚至百年的货币，法兰克帝国瓦解和早期封建割据的局面可见一斑。不少贵族、自由人为踏上征途而千方百计获取装备、物资和现款，包括出售不动产、掠夺犹太人等等<sup id="cite_ref-经济社会_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-经济社会-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>教宗委派一批正式传教士到欧洲各地向骑士阶层宣传十字军运动，預定于1096年8月由欧洲武装骑士组成部队出发。然而，有一些自告奋勇的狂热宣传分子同时鼓动了下层贫民。这些被鼓动的贫民或来自于领主的农民和仆役，或有城市流民、亡命之人等等，他们或许不知道十字军的宣传意义，但他们知道要摆脱目前的困顿和窘况。1096年3月，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%A3%AB%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97" title="隱士彼得">隱士彼得</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E8%96%A9%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE" title="沃爾特·桑薩瓦爾">沃爾特·桑薩瓦爾</a>的率领下，这些平民迫不及待地自行组织出发了，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="平民十字軍">平民十字军</a>。 </p><p>这群“军队”似乎不是前去作战，去同基督教的敌人搏斗，而更像是举家移民。“他们以牛羊当作马用，沿途拖着双轮小车，车上堆着破碎的行李和孩子们，每经过一个堡垒或城镇，孩子们伸手问道，‘这是耶路撒冷吗？’。”<sup id="cite_ref-经济社会_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-经济社会-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这只看似可怜的队伍，却漫无纪律，沿途残忍地进行劫掠和屠戮，许多犹太人、匈牙利人等在他们眼中看起来像“异教徒”的人都惨死在他们手下，但他们本身损伤惨重，疾病、斗殴和贫困让这支队伍渐趋萎靡<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在死去过半人的情况下，平民十字军到达君士坦丁堡，又被君士坦丁堡的皇帝打发到小亚细亚迎战精锐的突厥人，几乎全军覆没<sup id="cite_ref-中古_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中古-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>中 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1096年秋天，由武装贵族和骑士组成的正规十字军开始出发。1099年，十字军占领埃及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>穆斯林控制下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>，並建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="十字軍國家">十字軍國家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷王国">耶路撒冷王国</a>和三个附属小国：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊德萨伯国">伊德萨伯国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%8E%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="的黎波里伯国">的黎波里伯国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%A1%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="安条克公国">安条克公国</a>。這次戰事中十字軍屠杀了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E9%98%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="安提阿">安提阿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>二城。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第二次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：第二次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第二次十字军东征">第二次十字军东征</a></div> <p>1144年，穆斯林開始反擊，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%B1%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾柱人">塞爾柱人</a>摩蘇爾總督<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%8A%E5%90%89" class="mw-disambig" title="贊吉">贊吉</a>攻打<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊德萨伯国">伊德萨伯国</a>。耶路撒冷国王向法王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="路易七世 (法兰西)">路易七世</a>和德国国王<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="康拉德三世 (德意志)">康拉德三世</a>求援，开始了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第二次十字军东征">第二次十字军东征</a>（1147年 - 1149年），结果失败，伊德萨伯国灭亡。期間因贊吉遇刺，便由其子努爾丁繼承其位，積極統合穆斯林世界的力量，為日後的薩拉丁反收復耶路撒冷作準備。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第三次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第三次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：第三次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第三次十字军东征">第三次十字军东征</a></div> <p>1187年，埃及此时已经更换为<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布王朝</a>，並統一了伊斯蘭世界中前什葉派統治的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a>巴格達兩者的力量，其苏丹是連西方人都稱讚有騎士風度的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81" title="萨拉丁">萨拉丁</a>，他以聖戰為號召，動員穆斯林軍隊反攻十字軍國家，最終成功攻克<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>，俘虏了耶路撒冷国王。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="腓特烈一世 (神圣罗马帝国)">腓特烈一世</a>（红胡子）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>狮心王<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="理查一世">理查一世</a>和法王<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="腓力二世 (法兰西)">腓力二世</a>发动了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第三次十字军东征">第三次十字军东征</a>（1189年 - 1192年），腓特烈一世在途中坠水而死，其部队退出战争。法王腓力二世與英王理查一世及後不和，腓力以國內發生糾紛為藉口，途中返回法國，最終只剩理查孤軍力戰薩拉丁。萨拉丁进行了顽强的抵抗，最终达成停战协议。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第四次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.9B.9B.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第四次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：第四次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg/300px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg/450px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg/600px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>《十字军进入君士坦丁堡》，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="德拉克洛瓦">德拉克洛瓦</a>1840年作</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第四次十字军东征">第四次十字军东征</a></div> <p>1202年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵三世">教宗依诺增爵三世</a>发起了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第四次十字军东征">第四次十字军东征</a>（1202年－1204年）。最初的目标是埃及，后来受威尼斯的利誘，改变了军事计划，攻占了<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>，掠夺並屠殺达一星期之久，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">拜占庭帝国</a>的大部分土地也被攻克，并建立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁帝国</a>（1204年－1261年）。 </p><p>1204年，法国国王<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="腓力二世 (法兰西)">腓力二世</a>兼并了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼底公国">诺曼底公国</a>的全部领土，法英交恶。1215年，英格兰贵族强迫英国国王<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B)" title="约翰 (英格兰国王)">约翰</a>签订《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="大宪章">大宪章</a>》，要求王室尊重司法过程，接受王权受法律的限制。约翰无意遵守，随即爆发内战。次年约翰病逝，内战停火。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第五次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.94.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第五次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：第五次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第五次十字军东征">第五次十字军东征</a></div> <p>教宗依诺增爵三世生前发起，1218年开始的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第五次十字军东征">第五次十字军东征</a>（1218年－1221年），以埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布王朝</a>为进攻目标。1219年攻占埃及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9" title="杜姆亚特">杜姆亚特</a>，1221年由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3" title="尼罗河">尼罗河</a>水泛滥被迫撤退。 </p><p>几乎于此同时，1219年至1221年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古帝國">蒙古帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97" title="成吉思汗">成吉思汗</a>发动<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古第一次西征">蒙古第一次西征</a>，灭穆斯林的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="花剌子模帝國">花剌子模帝國</a>，令伊斯蘭世界兩面受敵。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第六次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.85.AD.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第六次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：第六次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第六次十字军东征">第六次十字军东征</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第六次十字军东征">第六次十字军东征</a>（1228年－1229年）仍然以埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布王朝</a>为进攻对象。神圣罗马帝国皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="腓特烈二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">腓特烈二世</a>透过军事压力和谈判，为<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷王国">耶路撒冷第二王国</a>取得耶路撒冷、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%81%92" class="mw-redirect" title="伯利恒">伯利恒</a>和通往地中海的走廊。但是到1244年耶路撒冷再度被流亡的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1" title="花剌子模">花剌子模</a>穆斯林占领。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第七次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.83.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第七次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：第七次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第七次十字军东征">第七次十字军东征</a></div> <p>法王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="路易九世 (法兰西)">路易九世</a>发动<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第七次十字军东征">第七次十字军东征</a>（1248年－1254年），进攻埃及阿尤布王朝，因水土不服導致的瘧疾，以及缺乏補給，最終被埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="马木留克">马木留克</a>奴隶兵团击败，路易九世被俘，1250年以大笔赎金赎回。阿尤布王朝也于1250年被<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="马木留克王朝">马木留克王朝</a>取代。 </p><p>1252年至1260年，成吉思汗四子<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%96%E9%9B%B7" title="拖雷">拖雷</a>的三子<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E7%83%88%E5%85%80" title="旭烈兀">旭烈兀</a>率领10万蒙古军进行<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古第三次西征">蒙古第三次西征</a>，由伊斯蘭世界東方背後入侵，自中亞進攻，灭末代阿拉伯帝國<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯王朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="哈里發">哈里發</a>，蒙古铁騎血洗<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="巴格達">巴格達</a>，之後攻滅<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A7%86%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="魯姆蘇丹國">羅姆蘇丹國</a>，並間接令<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>從十字軍的拉丁帝國復辟，再消滅困擾<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="十字軍">十字軍</a>的大敵—<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布王朝</a>，大有把西亞穆斯林勢力連根拔起之勢，但因<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%93%A5%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙哥汗">蒙哥汗</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>戰死令蒙古軍隊主力返回東亞，留在耶路撒冷附近的一小撮蒙古軍在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%AD%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿音札魯特戰役">阿音札魯特戰役</a>戰败给埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="马穆鲁克王朝">马穆鲁克王朝</a>，之後旭烈兀返回波斯在那裡建立了西起小亞細亞東至阿富汗的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%84%BF%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊儿汗国">伊儿汗国</a>，並且有伊斯蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅姆蘇丹國">羅姆蘇丹國</a>作為附屬國，繼續侵擾埃及馬木留克王朝的敘利亞，並和東羅馬帝國結盟（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD-%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="拜占庭-蒙古联盟">拜占庭-蒙古聯盟</a>），近東伊斯蘭世界的存亡岌岌可危。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第八次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E5.85.AB.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第八次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：第八次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第八次十字军东征">第八次十字军东征</a></div> <p>1270年，此次东征由法王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="路易九世 (法兰西)">路易九世</a>领导，进攻<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="突尼斯">突尼斯</a>穆斯林<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈夫斯王朝">哈夫斯王朝</a>。路上发生流行病，路易九世染病身亡，军队撤退。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第九次十字军东征"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B9.9D.E6.AC.A1.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B.E4.B8.9C.E5.BE.81"></span>第九次十字军东征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：第九次十字军东征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第九次十字军东征">第九次十字军东征</a></div> <p>第九次十字军东征，有时也被合并成第八次东征的一部分。由英格蘭王儲<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="爱德华一世">愛德華王子</a>於1271及1272年發動。他获知法王路易九世在西线失败之后，率军渡海在巴勒斯坦<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="阿卡 (以色列)">阿卡</a>登陆，企图从东线进攻。初期愛德華獲得了軍事上的勝利，但最後由於十字軍已經嚴重地失去對聖戰的熱情，內訌連連，無法調和，和十字軍同盟的蒙古<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%92%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="伊兒汗國">伊兒汗國</a>又被埃及擊退，最後與穆斯林締結和約、黯然回鄉。 </p><p>此后，十字军在东方的领土逐渐落入穆斯林手中。1291年，最后一个据点<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="阿卡 (以色列)">阿卡</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>北部城市）被埃及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="马木留克">马木留克</a>鐵騎攻陷，<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷王国">耶路撒冷王国</a>灭亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E5.A5.AA.E5.9B.9E.E8.81.96.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.9D.B1.E5.BE.81.E6.88.B0.E4.BA.8B"></span>非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：非奪回聖地的十字軍東征戰事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>非奪回聖地十字軍東征的性質為目的並非奪回聖地，而是其他理由鏟除異教徒的十字軍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北方十字军"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E6.96.B9.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B"></span>北方十字军</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：北方十字军"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nevsky2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nevsky2.jpg/300px-Nevsky2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nevsky2.jpg/450px-Nevsky2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nevsky2.jpg/600px-Nevsky2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>1240年時的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E9%A0%93%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="條頓騎士團">條頓騎士團</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="普斯科夫">普斯科夫</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="北方十字军入侵">北方十字军入侵</a></div> <p>北方十字军戰役是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>的国王，德意志的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%89%91%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="宝剑骑士团">寶劍騎士團</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E9%A1%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="条顿骑士团">条顿骑士团</a>和他们的盟友針对北欧波罗的海东南部，信奉異教的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛大公國">立陶宛大公國</a>发起的十字军戰役。瑞典和德意志为反对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教徒</a>而发起的战役，有時候也被認為是北方十字军戰役的一部分。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这些战争中的一部分在中世纪時就被称為十字军戰役，但是其他部分，包括大部分的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次瑞典十字军东征（页面不存在）">瑞典的部分</a>，到19世纪才第一次被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浪漫民族主义">浪漫民族主义</a>历史学者称为十字军戰役。波罗的海东部因为军事征服而改变：首先是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="利沃尼亚人">利沃尼亚人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉特加利亚人（页面不存在）">拉特加利亚人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="愛沙尼亞人">爱沙尼亚人</a>，然后是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9F%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑟米利亚人（页面不存在）">瑟米利亚人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库尔兰人（页面不存在）">库尔兰人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="普鲁士人">普鲁士人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="芬兰人">芬兰人</a>，都被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="丹麥人">丹麦人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人">德意志人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E4%BA%BA" title="瑞典人">瑞典人</a>合伙击败、洗礼、占领，甚至有時候灭绝。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="尼科波利斯十字军"><span id=".E5.B0.BC.E7.A7.91.E6.B3.A2.E5.88.A9.E6.96.AF.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B"></span>尼科波利斯十字军</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：尼科波利斯十字军"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="尼科波利斯戰役">尼科波利斯戰役</a></div> <p>1390年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="奥斯曼土耳其">奥斯曼土耳其</a>军队进攻拜占庭帝国。拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="曼努埃尔二世 (拜占庭帝国)">曼努埃尔二世</a>向教宗发出呼吁，请求支援。受此请求，教宗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="博義九世">博義九世</a>呼吁，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>和法国<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC)" title="菲利普二世 (勃艮第)">勃艮第公爵</a>组织了最后一次十字军远征，由勃艮第公爵的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0_(%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5)" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰 (勃艮第公爵)">无畏的约翰</a>统率。1396年9月28日，最后一支十字军队伍在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%A0%A1%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="尼科堡战役">尼科堡战役</a>中被土耳其军队打败，這也是最后一次十字军。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他十字軍戰事"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.88.B0.E4.BA.8B"></span>其他十字軍戰事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：其他十字軍戰事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿爾比十字军"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E7.88.BE.E6.AF.94.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B"></span>阿爾比十字军</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：阿爾比十字军"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="阿尔比十字军">阿尔比十字军</a></div> <p>阿爾比十字軍的性質為鏟除基督教異端的十字軍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="阿尔比十字军">阿爾比十字軍</a>或卡特裏派十字軍，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵三世">教宗諾森三世</a>發起為剷除<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BE" title="卡特里派">卡特裏派</a>（又稱阿爾比派），對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西王國">法蘭西</a>南部<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隆格多克">隆格多克</a>發動的長達二十年的軍事討伐。 </p><p>教宗依诺增爵三世曾經屢次想要同化基督教派<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%AF%94%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾比派">阿爾比派</a>，但最終還是失敗。1209年，諾森三世發起了「阿爾比十字軍」，討伐整個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>南部的阿爾比派。此次暴力鎮壓經歷20年（1209-1229）。自此，阿爾比派全被<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="異端裁判所">異端裁判所</a>除滅<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>外 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，至14世紀末期，該派逐漸消失。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿拉貢十字軍"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E6.8B.89.E8.B2.A2.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D"></span>阿拉貢十字軍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：阿拉貢十字軍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="阿拉貢十字軍">阿拉貢十字軍</a></div> <p>阿拉貢十字軍的性質為鏟除教宗政敵的十字軍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="阿拉貢十字軍">阿拉貢十字軍</a>，由教宗<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="瑪定四世">瑪定四世</a>發起，對<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%A2%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉貢王國">阿拉貢王國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1)" class="mw-redirect" title="佩德羅三世 (亞拉岡)">佩德罗三世</a>發動。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="德賓塞十字軍"><span id=".E5.BE.B7.E8.B3.93.E5.A1.9E.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D"></span>德賓塞十字軍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：德賓塞十字軍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%BE%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="德宾塞十字军">德賓塞十字軍</a></div> <p>德賓塞十字軍的性質為鏟除教宗政敵的十字軍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%BE%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="德宾塞十字军">德賓塞十字軍</a>，發生在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a>時期，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗烏爾巴諾六世">教宗烏爾巴諾六世</a>利用英法<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年戰爭</a>命令英格蘭對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">亞維儂教廷</a>支持者發動。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="胡斯十字军"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E6.96.AF.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E5.86.9B"></span>胡斯十字军</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：胡斯十字军"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="胡斯戰爭">胡斯戰爭</a></div> <p>胡斯十字军的性質為鏟除基督教異端的十字軍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="胡斯戰爭">胡斯戰爭</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗瑪定五世">教宗瑪定五世</a>發出了<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%AF%8F%E4%B9%A6" title="教宗诏书">教宗詔書</a>組織十字軍要消滅胡斯派。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="類似十字軍戰事"><span id=".E9.A1.9E.E4.BC.BC.E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.88.B0.E4.BA.8B"></span>類似十字軍戰事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：類似十字軍戰事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1212年，传说教会在法国和德意志组织<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" title="儿童十字军">儿童十字军</a>东征。有学者认为参与者其实多为流浪人员。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="挪威十字軍">挪威十字軍</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%85%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="西居爾一世">西居尔一世</a>率領，後來協助<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="耶路撒冷國王">耶路撒冷國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%BA%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7)" class="mw-redirect" title="鮑德溫一世 (耶路撒冷)">鮑德溫一世</a>攻占<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E8%BE%BE_(%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="赛达 (黎巴嫩城市)">西頓</a>。然而挪威十字軍是自發，沒有受到教宗徵召，比較像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次十字軍東征">第一次十字軍東征</a>的延續。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E5%93%A5%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="聖地亞哥騎士團">聖地亞哥騎士團</a>是以收復<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亞</a>，驅逐穆斯林<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="摩爾人">摩爾人</a>為使命。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四大汗国">四大汗國</a>之一<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國入侵波蘭">金帳汗國入侵波蘭</a>，金帳蒙古軍在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1025%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931385%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰王国 (1025年–1385年)">波蘭王國</a>多處屠城，後來<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="歷山四世">教宗亞歷山大四世</a>發動了十字軍對抗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古韃靼人（页面不存在）">蒙古韃靼人</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四大汗国">四大汗國</a>之一<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%92%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="伊兒汗國">伊兒汗國</a>，可汗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%AB%E5%93%88" title="阿八哈">阿八哈</a>因先前被阿拉伯-突厥血統的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B" title="马穆鲁克">馬穆魯克</a>人打敗，鼎力支持<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第八次十字軍東征">第八次十字軍東征</a>，於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第九次十字军东征">第九次十字軍東征</a>出動一萬蒙古鐵騎進攻埃及穆斯林統治下的敍利亞，未能成功。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="十字軍東征的影響"><span id=".E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.9D.B1.E5.BE.81.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>十字軍東征的影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：十字軍東征的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>第一次十字軍由西歐封建貴族騎士們在西亞建立了短暫王國，<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="耶路撒冷王國">耶路撒冷王國</a>僅維持了88年，但是十字軍東征卻对地中海沿岸国家人民包括（猶太人、東方基督教徒和穆斯林）都带来了深重灾难，加上來自東亞的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古帝國">蒙古帝國</a>背刺，伊斯蘭世界無法再恢復到<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯帝國">阿拉伯帝國</a>時期的強大，直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="奥斯曼土耳其">奥斯曼土耳其</a>人的崛起。但是也因十字軍在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a>幫助下侵入重創了長期以來成為西歐東方屏障的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬</a>，致使東羅馬在1453年滅亡，日後<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="奥斯曼土耳其">奥斯曼土耳其</a>得以多次長驅直入東歐及巴爾幹地帶。數次大規模軍事動員也使西欧各国人民损失惨重，几十万十字军死亡，教廷和封建主却取得了大量的财富。並使日後東方伊斯蘭世界與西方基督教世界互相對立加劇。</li> <li>與此同時，十字軍東征帶動了東西方之間的貿易，使不少商人從中變得富有，他們開始贊助畫家和建築家，令更多人成為畫家或建築家，間接影響了歐洲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>以及軍事改革，亦促進東方伊斯蘭世界與西方基督教世界的交流。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="十字軍東征參戰國"><span id=".E5.8D.81.E5.AD.97.E8.BB.8D.E6.9D.B1.E5.BE.81.E5.8F.83.E6.88.B0.E5.9C.8B"></span>十字軍東征參戰國</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：十字軍東征參戰國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="十字軍">十字軍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西王國">法蘭西王國</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧弗涅伯國（页面不存在）">奧弗涅伯國</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Auvergne" class="extiw" title="en:Counties of Auvergne">英语</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安茹伯國（页面不存在）">安茹伯國</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Anjou" class="extiw" title="en:County of Anjou">英语</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5%E9%A0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝恩子爵領（页面不存在）">貝恩子爵領</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscounty_of_B%C3%A9arn" class="extiw" title="en:Viscounty of Béarn">英语</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E6%B6%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="布洛涅伯國">布洛涅伯國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="布魯瓦伯國">布魯瓦伯國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮地公国">勃艮地公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="香槟伯国">香檳伯國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="图卢兹伯国">土魯斯伯國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅旺斯侯國">普羅旺斯侯國</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquisate_of_Provence" class="extiw" title="en:Marquisate of Provence">英语</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="諾曼地公國">諾曼地公國</a></li> <li><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="教宗國">教宗國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熱內亞共和國">熱內亞共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="下洛林公国">下洛林公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="上洛林公国">上洛林公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="埃諾公國">埃諾公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="士瓦本公國">士瓦本公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利公國">奧地利公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="波希米亚公国">波希米亞公國</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E5%A2%93%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="耶路撒冷聖墓騎士團">耶路撒冷聖墓騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="圣拉撒路骑士团">聖拉撒路騎士團</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞爾柱帝國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BB%80%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="達尼什曼德王朝">達尼什曼德王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="穆拉比特王朝">穆拉比特王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯王朝</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%AE%A5%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="埃宥比王朝">埃宥比王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A7%86%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="魯姆蘇丹國">魯姆蘇丹國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大馬士革酋長國">大馬士革酋長國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍姆斯酋長國（页面不存在）">霍姆斯酋長國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈馬酋長國（页面不存在）">哈馬酋長國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E9%A0%97%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿勒頗酋長國">阿勒頗酋長國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒貝克酋長國（页面不存在）">巴勒貝克酋長國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="巴赫里王朝">巴赫里王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈夫斯王朝">哈夫斯王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拔斯帝國">阿拔斯帝國</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="战争列表">战争列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="军事修会">军事修会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="十字軍國家">十字軍國家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E7%83%88%E5%85%80%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="旭烈兀西征">旭烈兀西征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E8%A2%AD%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="蒙古突袭巴勒斯坦">蒙古突袭巴勒斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%9C%8D%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="第一次霍姆斯戰役">第一次霍姆斯戰役</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">这类征服活动包括对<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔比派">阿尔比派</a>的讨伐、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉贡王国">阿拉贡</a>的十字军行动、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>收复失地运动和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="北方十字军">北方十字军</a>等。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">黎凡特地区指代穆斯林地区与基督教世界的边缘地带，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="安达卢斯">安达卢斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="北部非洲">北部非洲</a>沿海、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a>部分地区</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>中文</dt></dl> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-上四十三-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-上四十三_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org.tw/kaiyuantang/library_files/churchistory/storiaconcis/1storia43.htm">天主教歷史淺談【上四十三】</a>. 天主教會台灣地區主教團.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%B7%BA%E8%AB%87%E3%80%90%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E3%80%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org.tw%2Fkaiyuantang%2Flibrary_files%2Fchurchistory%2Fstoriaconcis%2F1storia43.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年11月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">江茂松. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcchong.com/mydictionary1/special/historyofchristianity9.htm">《教牧與教育小站》基督教簡史（九）- 歷史年代表</a>. 網上靈糧. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728052343/http://www.pcchong.com/mydictionary1/special/historyofchristianity9.htm">存档</a>于2011-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E6%B1%9F%E8%8C%82%E6%9D%BE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%95%99%E7%89%A7%E8%88%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%B0%8F%E7%AB%99%E3%80%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%B0%A1%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%88%E4%B9%9D%EF%BC%89-+%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%B6%B2%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%88%E7%B3%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcchong.com%2Fmydictionary1%2Fspecial%2Fhistoryofchristianity9.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-远因-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-远因_14-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-远因_14-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">丁果. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cawausa.org/DispOneMessage.asp?txtOrgCode=CCEF&Category=01&ID=CCEF38938826967458S2&Page=242">十字軍東征的遠因（2）</a>. 職場教會聯盟. 2006-08-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060613/http://www.cawausa.org/DispOneMessage.asp?txtOrgCode=CCEF&Category=01&ID=CCEF38938826967458S2&Page=242">存档</a>于2013-09-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E4%B8%81%E6%9E%9C&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81%E7%9A%84%E9%81%A0%E5%9B%A0%EF%BC%882%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2006-08-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%81%B7%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cawausa.org%2FDispOneMessage.asp%3FtxtOrgCode%3DCCEF%26Category%3D01%26ID%3DCCEF38938826967458S2%26Page%3D242&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-西欧变动-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-西欧变动_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">赵立行. 《西欧社会变动与十字军东征的进程》. 上海:复旦大学报（社会科学版）. 2002, (4): 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%3A%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.pages=81&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-十字军-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-十字军_22-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-十字军_22-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Georges Tate（著），吴岳添（译）. 《十字军东征——以耶路撒冷之名》. 上海: 上海世纪出版集团、上海书店出版社. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80622-454-8" title="Special:网络书源/7-80622-454-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-80622-454-8</a>. <q>G·81</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Georges+Tate%EF%BC%88%E8%91%97%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%90%B4%E5%B2%B3%E6%B7%BB%EF%BC%88%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8D%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-80622-454-8&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E3%80%81%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%A6%E5%BA%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-沈-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-沈_23-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-沈_23-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-沈_23-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">沈敏华; 程栋. 《论欧洲十字军东征的文化背景》. 社会科学. 2001, (12): 53—57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AE%BA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E6%95%8F%E5%8D%8E&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=53%E2%80%9457&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">布瓦松纳. 《中世纪欧洲生活和劳动》. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1985: 149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E5%B8%83%E7%93%A6%E6%9D%BE%E7%BA%B3&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=149&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黑格尔. 《历史哲学》. 上海: 上海书店出版社. 1998: 405. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787806784754" title="Special:网络书源/9787806784754"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787806784754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787806784754&rft.pages=405&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%A6%E5%BA%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgmac.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=234:2010-10-07-15-25-26&catid=54:history-of-christianity&Itemid=140">歷史的軌跡 --- 二千年教會史（14）－第十四章教會為自由奮鬥（1049一1058）</a>. Jin Ni. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060651/http://www.hgmac.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=234:2010-10-07-15-25-26&catid=54:history-of-christianity&Itemid=140">存档</a>于2013-09-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.btitle=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8C%E8%B7%A1+---+%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%8814%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8D%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0+%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E7%82%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%A5%AE%E9%AC%A5+%EF%BC%881049%E4%B8%801058%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Jin+Ni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgmac.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D234%3A2010-10-07-15-25-26%26catid%3D54%3Ahistory-of-christianity%26Itemid%3D140&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529013333/http://www.cftfc.com/com_chinese/churchhistory/Big5/history/07.htm">中世纪的逼迫（二）</a>. 两千年教会历史巡礼. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cftfc.com/com_chinese/churchhistory/Big5/history/07.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2011年5月29日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%AB%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%A4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B7%A1%E7%A4%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cftfc.com%2Fcom_chinese%2Fchurchhistory%2FBig5%2Fhistory%2F07.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中古-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中古_29-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中古_29-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中古_29-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">赵立行等. 《世界古代中世纪史》. 上海: 复旦大学出版社. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-309-04646-3" title="Special:网络书源/7-309-04646-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-309-04646-3</a>. <q>K·161</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E7%AB%8B%E8%A1%8C%E7%AD%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-309-04646-3&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-经济社会-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-经济社会_30-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-经济社会_30-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-经济社会_30-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">詹姆斯·W·汤普逊（著）; 耿淡如（译）. 《中世纪经济社会史》（上）. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787100023078" title="Special:网络书源/9787100023078"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787100023078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E9%80%8A%EF%BC%88%E8%91%97%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787100023078&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020926/http://www.zbjn.com/show.aspx?id=206&cid=60">前十字军的“东征”</a>. 金诺人文. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zbjn.com/show.aspx?id=206&cid=60">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81%E2%80%9D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%87%91%E8%AF%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zbjn.com%2Fshow.aspx%3Fid%3D206%26cid%3D60&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>外文</dt></dl> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CathEnc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_3-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc_3-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book"><span></span><i>The New Catholic Encyclopedia</i><span></span>. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1966. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-07-295515-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-07-295515-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-07-295515-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.btitle=The+New+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1966&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-07-295515-5&rft.pub=New+York%3A+McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140917025303/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OHC_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Jonathan, Riley-Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofc0000unse_s0q5"><span></span><i>The Oxford History of the Crusades</i><span></span></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0192853643" title="Special:网络书源/0192853643"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0192853643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.aufirst=Riley-Smith&rft.aulast=Jonathan&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0192853643&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhistoryofc0000unse_s0q5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EM-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EM_6-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EM_6-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EM_6-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Bennett, Judith M.; C. Warren Hollister. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaleuropesh0000benn"><span></span><i>Medieval Europe: A Short History(Tenth Edition)</i><span></span></a>. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-07-295515-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-07-295515-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-07-295515-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.aufirst=Judith+M.&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe%3A+A+Short+History%28Tenth+Edition%29&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-07-295515-5&rft.pub=The+McGraw-Hill+Companies%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievaleuropesh0000benn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Tyerman, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer"><span></span><i>God's War: A New History of the Crusades</i><span></span></a>. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2006: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer/page/51">51</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-674-02387-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-674-02387-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-674-02387-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Tyerman%2C+Christopher&rft.btitle=God%27s+War%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-674-02387-0&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodswarnewhistor00tyer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190223143312/https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/history/pages/history-%20foreign%20domination.aspx"><i>HISTORY: Foreign Domination</i></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-02-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts+About+Israel/History/HISTORY-+Foreign+Domination.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-02-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.btitle=HISTORY%3A+Foreign+Domination&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FFacts%2BAbout%2BIsrael%2FHistory%2FHISTORY-%2BForeign%2BDomination.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSource-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSource_10-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSource_10-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation web">Halsall, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html">Internet Medieval Sourcebook: <i>Selected Sources The Crusades</i></a>. Medieval Sourcebook. 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2011]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110144040/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html">存档</a>于2011-01-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=Internet+Medieval+Sourcebook%3A+Selected+Sources+The+Crusades&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Halsall&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Sourcebook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fsbook1k.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ORB-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ORB_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation web">Crawford, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/crusades/crusade_back.html"><i>Crusades: Political and Military Background</i></a>. ORB Online Encyclopedia. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210105606/http://the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/crusades/crusade_back.html">存档</a>于2011-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=Crusades%3A+Political+and+Military+Background&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ORB+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-orb.net%2Fencyclop%2Freligion%2Fcrusades%2Fcrusade_back.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESH-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESH_12-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESH_12-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Thompson, James W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicsocialhi0000unse_e6u7"><span></span><i>Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages(300-1300)</i><span></span></a>. D.Appleton-Century. 1928.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.btitle=Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Middle+Ages%28300-1300%29&rft.date=1928&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=D.Appleton-Century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomicsocialhi0000unse_e6u7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">D. L. O'Leary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryoffa00oleauoft"><span></span><i>Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate</i><span></span></a>. 1923.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=D.+L.+O%27Leary&rft.btitle=Short+History+of+the+Fatimid+Khalifate&rft.date=1923&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryoffa00oleauoft&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Denys Pringle. <span></span><i>"Architecture in Latin East"</i> in <i>The Oxford History of the Crusades</i><span></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Denys+Pringle&rft.btitle=%22Architecture+in+Latin+East%22+in+The+Oxford+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holt_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">P.M.Holt. <span></span><i>The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517</i><span></span>. Longman. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-582-49302-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-582-49302-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-582-49302-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=P.M.Holt&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Crusades%3A+The+Near+East+from+the+Eleventh+Century+to+1517&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-582-49302-1&rft.pub=Longman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Gil, Moshe. <span></span><i>A history of Palestine, 634–1099</i><span></span>. Cambridge University Press. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521599849" title="Special:网络书源/0521599849"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0521599849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Gil%2C+Moshe&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Palestine%2C+634%E2%80%931099&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521599849&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《普通高級中學歷史第三冊》.三民書局. 2013年8月初版</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treadgold-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-treadgold_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Treadgold, Warren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000trea"><span></span><i>A history of the Byzantine state and society</i><span></span></a>. Stanford University Press. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0804726302" title="Special:网络书源/0804726302"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0804726302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Treadgold%2C+Warren&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+Byzantine+state+and+society&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0804726302&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbyzanti0000trea&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asbridge-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asbridge_21-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asbridge_21-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Thomas Asbridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstcrusadenewh00asbr"><span></span><i>The First Crusade: A New History</i><span></span></a>. Oxford. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-517823-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-517823-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-517823-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Thomas+Asbridge&rft.btitle=The+First+Crusade%3A+A+New+History&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-517823-8&rft.pub=Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstcrusadenewh00asbr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">K. Armstrong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holywarcrusadest00arms"><span></span><i>"Holy War": The Crusades and Their Impaction on Today's World</i><span></span></a>. New York. 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=K.+Armstrong&rft.btitle=%22Holy+War%22%3A+The+Crusades+and+Their+Impaction+on+Today%27s+World&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholywarcrusadest00arms&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation journal">Lynn H. Nelson. <i>The Foundation of Jaca(1076):Urban Growth in Early Aragon</i>. <span></span><i>Speculum</i><span></span>. 1978, (53): 697.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.atitle=The+Foundation+of+Jaca%281076%29%3AUrban+Growth+in+Early+Aragon&rft.au=Lynn+H.+Nelson&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=53&rft.jtitle=%27%27Speculum%27%27&rft.pages=697&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><cite class="citation book">Riley-Smith, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book837650140"><span></span><i>The Crusades: A History(2nd ed.)</i><span></span></a>. Yale University Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0826472702" title="Special:网络书源/0826472702"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0826472702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=Riley-Smith%2C+Jonathan&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+A+History%282nd+ed.%29&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0826472702&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book837650140&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-聖-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-聖_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王北固. 《聖戰,十字軍》. 華胥出版社. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789868132108" title="Special:网络书源/9789868132108"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789868132108</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%81%96%E6%88%B0%2C%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789868132108&rft.pub=%E8%8F%AF%E8%83%A5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/crusades/cruurban.html">由威廉·乌尔班编的<i>利沃尼亚十字军入侵的历史概述</i></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-06-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323035455/http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/crusades/cruurban.html">存档</a>于2016-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&rft.btitle=%E7%94%B1%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E7%8F%AD%E7%BC%96%E7%9A%84%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-orb.net%2Fencyclop%2Freligion%2Fcrusades%2Fcruurban.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Christiansen编的The Northern Crusades: Second Edition; 93页; <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780140266535" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-026653-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">華爾克，《基督教會史》，謝受靈、趙毅之合譯， (香港：基督教文藝出版社，2005)，397。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李兆強，《初期教會與中古教會史》，（香港：基督教輔僑出版社，1959），257-258。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li>《歐洲的誕生》</li> <li>《宗教百科全書》“十字軍”条目</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-week.com/info/01513.htm">十字軍東征</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060620123536/http://www.china-week.com/info/01513.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010122301/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/">The Crusades</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407133355/http://au.epochtimes.com/gb/1/11/4/c6855.htm">十字军东征</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="toccolours" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#cccccc;" align="center"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第一次十字军东征">第一次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第二次十字军东征">第二次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第三次十字军东征">第三次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第四次十字军东征">第四次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第五次十字军东征">第五次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第六次十字军东征">第六次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第七次十字军东征">第七次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第八次十字军东征">第八次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" title="第九次十字军东征">第九次</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="北方十字军入侵">北方十字軍</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="尼科波利斯戰役">尼科波利斯十字軍</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中世纪" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitas_Schinesghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitas Schinesghe（页面不存在）">Civitas Schinesghe</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Schinesghe" class="extiw" title="en:Civitas Schinesghe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civitas Schinesghe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="查士丁尼王朝">东罗马帝国的发展</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" title="template"><img alt="template" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/160px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/240px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg/320px-Breviarium_Grimani_-_Juni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>template</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀盛期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="格鲁吉亚王国">格鲁吉亚帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1025%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941385%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰王国 (1025年—1385年)">波兰王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="中世纪公社">公社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="庄园">庄园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀溫暖時期">中世紀溫暖時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="长子西征">蒙古入侵欧洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争">玫瑰战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="勃艮第公國">勃艮第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7" title="奧斯曼帝國的崛起">奧斯曼帝國的崛起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3%E5%85%B5" title="瑞士雇佣兵">瑞士雇佣兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="騎士精神">騎士精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">文藝復興人文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀大學">中世紀大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="中世紀晚期危機">中世纪晚期危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪建筑（页面不存在）">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="欧洲中世纪美术">艺术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church and state in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家（页面不存在）">教会和国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Church and state in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church and state in medieval Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="中世紀飲食">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪人口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval demography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪人口（页面不存在）">人口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval demography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval demography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪家庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval household"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪家庭（页面不存在）">家庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_household" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval household"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval household</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪文学">文学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西欧的中世纪医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西欧的中世纪医学（页面不存在）">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中世紀音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀美學">美學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪诗歌（页面不存在）">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval poetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavery in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制（页面不存在）">奴隶制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Slavery in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavery in medieval Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪技术（页面不存在）">技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中世纪战争">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">黑暗時代</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的残疾人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disability in the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E7%96%BE%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的残疾人（页面不存在）">中世纪的残疾人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Disability in the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disability in the Middle Ages</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的概述（页面不存在）">基本主题列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the Middle Ages</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪主义（页面不存在）">中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medievalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪重演" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval reenactment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E9%87%8D%E6%BC%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪重演（页面不存在）">中世纪重演</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_reenactment" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval reenactment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval reenactment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪研究（页面不存在）">中世纪研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新中世纪主义（页面不存在）">新中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-medievalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="后古代史">同一时期的全球历史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="Portal:中世纪">中世纪主题</a> <div style="float:left;"> « <span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></span></div><div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></span> » </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天主教（羅馬公教）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;;background-color: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Template:天主教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:天主教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天主教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天主教（羅馬公教）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教</a>（羅馬公教）</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;"><div><b>組織、教宗、教義和儀式傳統</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教会历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教会历史（页面不存在）">教会历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Papacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗历史（页面不存在）">教宗历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Papacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Papacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">傳教使命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">西方教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各國的天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic Church by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國的天主教會（页面不存在）">各國的天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Church by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic Church by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="聖座外交">聖座外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%9B%BD" title="教宗国">教宗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈城國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="天主教会圣统制">制度</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%B3%95_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A)" title="教会法 (天主教会)">法典</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%98" title="樞機團">樞機團</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">樞機</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="宗主教">宗主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大總主教">大總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="督主教">督主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7" title="主教長">首席主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="都主教">都主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E9%8A%9C%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="領銜主教">領銜主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" title="主教團">主教團</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF" title="聖座大使">教廷大使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="教區">教區</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">教區正权主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="助理主教">助理主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="輔理主教">輔理主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99#天主教會" title="主教">榮休主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="副主教">副主教/主教代表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%8D%80" title="自治監督區">自治監督區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%9C%83%E9%99%A2%E5%8D%80" title="自治會院區">自治會院區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%A7%E5%8D%80" title="宗座代牧區">宗座代牧區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E7%9B%A3%E7%89%A7" title="宗座監牧">宗座監牧區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E7%BD%B2%E7%90%86" title="宗座署理">宗座署理區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%80" title="軍中教長區">軍中教長區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="自治傳教區">自治傳教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E5%88%A5%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E5%8D%80" title="個別教長管轄區">個別教長管轄區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東方禮教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">司鐸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E9%90%B8%E5%8D%80" title="總鐸區">總鐸區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%B8%AD" title="蒙席">蒙席</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9B%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%93%E8%81%8C%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E" title="陛下专职司铎">陛下专职司铎</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="名誉教长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Honorary Prelate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E8%AA%89%E6%95%99%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名誉教长（页面不存在）">名誉教长</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_Prelate" class="extiw" title="en:Honorary Prelate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Honorary Prelate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗座总书记官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protonotary apostolic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗座总书记官（页面不存在）">宗座总书记官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" class="extiw" title="en:Protonotary apostolic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protonotary apostolic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E4%BA%8B_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="執事 (基督教)">執事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86" title="天主教教理">教理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">天主</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%88%90%E8%82%89%E8%BA%AB" title="道成肉身">降生成人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8" title="恩典">聖宠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E6%8B%9C_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="敬拜 (基督教)">欽崇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="原罪">原罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%AE%97%E7%BD%AA" title="七宗罪">七罪宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%AB" title="萬民四末">萬民四末</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">天主十誡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教會四規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commandments of the Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教會四規（页面不存在）">教會四規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandments_of_the_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Commandments of the Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commandments of the Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="教會四特徵">至一、至圣、至公、宗徒传承教会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E7%B5%B1%E7%B7%92" title="使徒統緒">宗徒传承</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Catholic dogma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信理（页面不存在）">信理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_dogma" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Catholic dogma"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Catholic dogma</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="灵魂与肉体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic theology of the body"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E4%B8%8E%E8%82%89%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灵魂与肉体（页面不存在）">灵魂与肉体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic theology of the body"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic theology of the body</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%93" title="山上寶訓">山上寶訓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">七大聖事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">圣洗圣事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%AF%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%8B" title="坚振圣事">堅振聖事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE" title="聖餐禮">圣体圣事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="和好聖事">和好聖事</a>（告解）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E4%BA%BA%E5%82%85%E6%B2%B9%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="病人傅油聖事">病人傅油聖事</a>（舊稱終傅）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A7%A9%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="聖秩聖事">聖秩聖事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E8%A7%80" title="基督教婚姻觀">婚配圣事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="玛利亚学">聖母論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教圣母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Catholic Mariology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教圣母论（页面不存在）">天主教圣母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mariology" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Catholic Mariology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Catholic Mariology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣母论研究史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Roman Catholic Mariology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣母论研究史（页面不存在）">圣母论研究史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Roman_Catholic_Mariology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Roman Catholic Mariology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Roman Catholic Mariology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">聖母瑪利亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7" title="玛利亚的称号">称号</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%92%E4%B8%96%E7%AB%A5%E8%B4%9E" title="圣母卒世童贞">圣母卒世童贞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">圣母无染原罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">圣母蒙召升天</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖人聖母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mariology of the saints"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖人聖母论（页面不存在）">聖人聖母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" class="extiw" title="en:Mariology of the saints"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mariology of the saints</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗聖母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mariology of the popes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗聖母论（页面不存在）">教宗聖母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" class="extiw" title="en:Mariology of the popes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mariology of the popes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="敬礼圣母" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%AC%E7%A4%BC%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敬礼圣母（页面不存在）">敬礼圣母</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="extiw" title="en:Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="天主教神学">神學</a>家<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%81%96%E5%B8%AB" title="教會聖師">教會聖師</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯">大亞爾伯特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E4%BF%AE" title="安波羅修">圣盎博罗削</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E7%91%9F%E8%8E%AB" title="坎特伯雷的安瑟莫">圣安瑟莫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC" title="里斯本的聖安多尼">帕多瓦或里斯本的聖安多尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">圣托馬斯·阿奎那</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE" title="亚他那修">聖亞他那修</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的圣奥思定</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B2%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%B5%81" title="該撒利亞的巴西流">該撒利亞的巴西略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7" title="比德">可敬者伯達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F" title="羅伯·白敏">羅伯·白敏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B8" title="伯爾納鐸">聖伯爾納鐸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%96%87%E5%BE%B7" title="聖文德">聖文德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Canisius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%84%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯（页面不存在）">圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Canisius" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Canisius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Canisius</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納">聖加大利納</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金言聖伯多祿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Chrysologus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%A8%80%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金言聖伯多祿（页面不存在）">金言聖伯多祿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Chrysologus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Chrysologus</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)" title="约翰一世 (君士坦丁堡大主教)">金口若望</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%80%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%85" title="亞歷山大的區利羅">亚历山大的圣济利禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE" title="耶路撒冷的西里爾">耶路撒冷的圣济利禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="彼得·达米安">彼得·达米安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%80%B6%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%97%E6%9C%A8" title="聖耶福列木">聖厄弗冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F" title="聖方濟各·沙雷氏">聖方濟各·沙雷氏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%89" title="聖額我略·納齊安">額我略·納齊安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%93%A6%E6%8D%B7%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E6%8B%89%E7%95%A5" title="普瓦捷的依拉略">普瓦捷的依拉略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%84" title="圣依西多禄">圣依西多禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">圣热罗尼莫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0" title="大馬士革的聖約翰">聖若望·達瑪森</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B" title="十字若望">十字若望</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣劳伦斯·布林希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lawrence of Brindisi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣劳伦斯·布林希（页面不存在）">圣劳伦斯·布林希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" class="extiw" title="en:Lawrence of Brindisi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lawrence of Brindisi</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="良一世">教宗良一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖亞爾豐索" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E4%BA%9E%E7%88%BE%E8%B1%90%E7%B4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖亞爾豐索（页面不存在）">聖亞爾豐索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsus_Maria_de%27_Liguori" class="extiw" title="en:Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%AA%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="利雪的德蘭">聖女小德蘭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="亞維拉的德蘭">聖女大德蘭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞維拉的若望" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John of Ávila"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞維拉的若望（页面不存在）">亞維拉的若望</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" class="extiw" title="en:John of Ávila"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John of Ávila</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%B3%93%E6%A0%B9" title="赫德嘉·馮·賓根">宾根的希尔德加德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E9%9B%B7%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5" title="納雷科的聖額我略">納雷科的聖額我略</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84_(%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="方濟各 (教宗)">教宗方济各</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="2013年教宗选举秘密会议">2013年教宗选举秘密会议</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="就职典礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Papal inauguration of Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%B1%E8%81%8C%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="就职典礼（页面不存在）">就职典礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_inauguration_of_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:Papal inauguration of Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Papal inauguration of Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神學理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theology of Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神學理論（页面不存在）">神學理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:Theology of Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theology of Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="《信德之光》通諭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lumen fidei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%8A%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%89%E3%80%8B%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="《信德之光》通諭（页面不存在）">《信德之光》通諭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_fidei" class="extiw" title="en:Lumen fidei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lumen fidei</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="《福音的喜樂》勸諭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evangelii Gaudium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%8A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%96%9C%E6%A8%82%E3%80%8B%E5%8B%B8%E8%AB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="《福音的喜樂》勸諭（页面不存在）">《福音的喜樂》勸諭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelii_Gaudium" class="extiw" title="en:Evangelii Gaudium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evangelii Gaudium</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%BF%E7%A5%A2%E5%8F%97%E8%B5%9E%E9%A2%82" title="愿祢受赞颂">《愿祢受赞颂》通諭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所宣圣者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of saints canonized by Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E5%AE%A3%E5%9C%A3%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所宣圣者（页面不存在）">所宣圣者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_saints_canonized_by_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:List of saints canonized by Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of saints canonized by Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际访问" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际访问（页面不存在）">国际访问</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Francis_outside_Italy_and_Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="en:List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%89%A7%E5%BE%BD" title="方濟各教宗牧徽">牧徽</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%91%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="聖瑪爾大之家">住所</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗列表">歷任教宗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十六世">本篤十六世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">若望保祿二世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">若望保禄一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">保祿六世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">若望二十三世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">庇護十二世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十一世">庇護十一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十五世">本篤十五世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十世">庇護十世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良十三世">良十三世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="庇護九世">庇護九世</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="本笃会">本笃会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%99%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="熙笃会">熙笃会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%9A" title="加尔默罗会">聖衣會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%83" title="奧斯定會">奧斯定會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%83" title="加爾都西會">加多森会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%83" title="道明會">道明會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%84%E4%BC%9A" title="方济各会">方济会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖母升天會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assumptionists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖母升天會（页面不存在）">聖母升天會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumptionists" class="extiw" title="en:Assumptionists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assumptionists</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%86%E4%BB%B2%E6%9C%83" title="聖母小昆仲會">聖母昆仲會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%98%89%E5%B8%83%E9%81%A3%E6%9C%83" title="方濟嘉布遣會">嘉布遣兄弟會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E5%B9%BC%E6%9C%83" title="慈幼會">慈幼會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BE%92%E4%BC%9A" title="主徒会">主徒会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣十字架会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Congregation of Holy Cross"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣十字架会（页面不存在）">圣十字架会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" class="extiw" title="en:Congregation of Holy Cross"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Congregation of Holy Cross</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%BF%A0%E4%BB%86%E4%BC%9A" title="圣母忠仆会">圣母忠仆会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83%E4%BC%9A" title="圣母圣心会">圣母圣心会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="司鐸祈禱會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%BC%9A" title="司铎祈祷会">司鐸祈禱會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" class="extiw" title="en:Oratory of Saint Philip Neri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oratory of Saint Philip Neri</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="玛利诺外方传教会">玛利诺外方传教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="白冷外方傳教會">白冷外方傳教會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="巴黎外方传教会">巴黎外方传教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="宗座外方傳教會">宗座外方傳教會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%9A%E4%BC%9A" title="主业会">主业会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%81%96%E5%BF%83%E6%84%9B%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%83" title="聖母聖心愛子會">聖母聖心愛子會</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教會定義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subsistit in"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教會定義（页面不存在）">教會定義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsistit_in" class="extiw" title="en:Subsistit in"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subsistit in</span></a></span>）</span></span>」</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA" title="天主的啟示">天主的啟示</a>》教义宪章</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="論教會在現代世界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gaudium et Spes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論教會在現代世界（页面不存在）">論教會在現代世界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudium_et_Spes" class="extiw" title="en:Gaudium et Spes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gaudium et Spes</span></a></span>）</span></span>》牧職憲章</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83_(%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0)" title="教會 (教義憲章)">教會</a>》憲章</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B0%8D%E9%9D%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="教會對非基督宗教態度">教會對非基督宗教態度</a>》宣言</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="禮儀 (憲章)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sacrosanctum Concilium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80_(%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮儀 (憲章)（页面不存在）">禮儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" class="extiw" title="en:Sacrosanctum Concilium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sacrosanctum Concilium</span></a></span>）</span></span>》憲章</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E5%88%A5%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="個別教會">個別教會</a><br />按<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80" title="天主教禮儀">禮儀</a>劃分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="拉丁禮教會">拉丁禮教會</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬禮">羅馬禮</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="安博禮">安博禮</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉姆禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarum Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉姆禮（页面不存在）">薩拉姆禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Sarum Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarum Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A6%AE" title="摩爾阿拉伯禮">摩爾阿拉伯禮</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%98%E7%BF%92%E4%BE%8B" title="安立甘習例">安立甘習例</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">各东方礼教会</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%AE" title="亞歷山大禮">亞歷山大禮</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="科普特禮天主教會">科普特禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="衣索比亞禮天主教會">衣索比亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="厄立特里亞禮天主教會">厄立特里亞禮天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安条克禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antiochene Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安条克禮（页面不存在）">安条克禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Antiochene Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antiochene Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%BE%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%A4%BC%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="马龙尼礼教会">马龙尼礼教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="敘利亞禮天主教會">敘利亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="叙利亚-玛兰卡礼天主教会">叙利亚-玛兰卡礼天主教会</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE" title="亞美尼亞禮">亞美尼亞禮</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞美尼亞禮天主教會">亞美尼亞禮天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東敘利亞禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Syrian Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東敘利亞禮（页面不存在）">東敘利亞禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Syrian_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:East Syrian Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Syrian Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="加色丁禮天主教會">加色丁禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="叙利亚-玛拉巴礼天主教会">敘利亞-瑪拉巴禮教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC" title="拜占庭礼">拜占庭礼</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="白俄羅斯希臘禮天主教會">白俄羅斯希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚希腊礼天主教会">阿尔巴尼亚希腊礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞希臘禮天主教會">保加利亞希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會（页面不存在）">克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Church_of_Croatia,_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="希腊拜占庭礼天主教会">希腊拜占庭礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="匈牙利希臘禮天主教會">匈牙利希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="義大利-阿爾巴尼亞天主教會">義大利-阿爾巴尼亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="马其顿希腊礼天主教会">马其顿希腊礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="默基特希臘禮天主教會">默基特希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%B1%E8%9E%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會（页面不存在）">與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="extiw" title="en:Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="俄罗斯希腊礼天主教会">俄罗斯礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="魯塞尼亞希臘禮天主教會">魯塞尼亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="斯洛伐克希臘禮天主教會">斯洛伐克希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="乌克兰希腊礼天主教会">乌克兰希腊礼天主教会</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;">會議<br />活動</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界主教會議">世界主教會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%AB%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="聖體大會">聖體大會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界青年日">世界青年日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="亞洲青年日">亞洲青年日</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.catholic" title=".catholic">.catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;"><div><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/31px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/23px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/36px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/21px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="Portal:梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡主題</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:天主教会史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">天主教会史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">綜述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">基督教历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会歷史（页面不存在）">天主教会歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会年表（页面不存在）">天主教会年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Papacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗歷史（页面不存在）">教宗歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Papacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Papacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬教廷歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Roman Curia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬教廷歷史（页面不存在）">羅馬教廷歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Roman Curia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Roman Curia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬天主教藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art in Roman Catholicism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬天主教藝術（页面不存在）">羅馬天主教藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="extiw" title="en:Art in Roman Catholicism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art in Roman Catholicism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会在文明中的作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会在文明中的作用（页面不存在）">天主教会在文明中的作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_civilization" class="extiw" title="en:Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Role of the Catholic Church in civilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公教大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公教大公會議（页面不存在）">公教大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic Ecumenical Councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="天主教会圣统制">天主教会圣统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教修会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious institute (Catholic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教修会（页面不存在）">天主教修会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic" class="extiw" title="en:Religious institute (Catholic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious institute (Catholic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%9B%BD" title="教宗国">教宗国</a>（752年－1870年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/125px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/188px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/250px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二宗徒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">聖伯多祿宗徒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">聖保祿宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8D" title="司提反">聖斯德望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="約翰 (使徒)">聖若望宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD" title="大使命">萬國福傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="耶路撒冷會議">耶路撒冷會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="使徒時代">宗徒時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6" title="使徒教父">宗徒教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5" title="安條克的依納爵">安條克的依納爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BB%BB%E7%BA%BD" title="爱任纽">依勒內</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AC%83%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="维笃一世">教宗維笃一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特爾都良</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>至<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="君士坦丁一世和基督教">君士坦丁一世和基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="阿里烏教派">亞略主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="拉特朗圣若望大殿">聖若望拉特朗大殿建成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次尼西亞公會議">第一次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="教宗西尔维斯特一世">教宗西尔维斯特一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次君士坦丁堡公會議">第一次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">圣经正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">哲羅姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%91%E6%9C%AC" title="武加大译本">圣经拉丁通俗譯本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="以弗所公會議">厄弗所公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="迦克墩公會議">迦克墩公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83" title="努西亚的本笃">努西亚的本笃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次君士坦丁堡公會議">第二次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%A3%E6%AD%8C" title="额我略圣歌">額我略聖詠</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次君士坦丁堡公會議">第三次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%95%E7%88%B5" title="圣波尼法爵">圣波尼法爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%83%8F%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="聖像破壞運動 (東羅馬帝國)">聖像破壞運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次尼西亞公會議">第二次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="查理大帝">查理大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良三世">教宗良三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次君士坦丁堡公會議">第四次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀中期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="烏爾巴諾二世">烏爾巴諾二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A8%93%E4%BB%A4" title="教宗訓令">教宗訓令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E8%8E%8E%E4%B9%8B%E8%A1%8C" title="卡诺莎之行">卡诺莎之行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由憲章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charter of Liberties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="自由宪章">自由憲章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Liberties" class="extiw" title="en:Charter of Liberties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charter of Liberties</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="沃尔姆斯宗教协定">沃尔姆斯宗教协定</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a>（1096年－1291年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a>（718年－1492年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次拉特朗公會議">第一次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次拉特朗公會議">第二次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次拉特朗公會議">第三次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵三世">教宗諾森三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁帝国</a>（1204年－1261年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84" title="亞西西的方濟各">亞西西的聖方濟各</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次拉特朗公會議">第四次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="宗教裁判所">宗教裁判所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次里昂公會議">第一次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次里昂公會議">第二次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B8" title="伯爾納鐸">明谷的聖伯爾納鐸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="博義八世">教宗博義八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a>（1378年－1417年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">亞維農教廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%89%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="克勉五世">教宗克勉五世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維埃納公會議">維埃納公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="圣殿骑士团">圣殿骑士团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納">瑟納的聖加大利納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="康士坦斯大公會議">康士坦斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛羅倫斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="亞歷山大六世">教宗亞歷山大六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第五次拉特朗公會議">第五次拉特朗公會議</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a>》（1517年）</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博洛尼亚条约" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concordat of Bologna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博洛尼亚条约（页面不存在）">博洛尼亚条约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat_of_Bologna" class="extiw" title="en:Concordat of Bologna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concordat of Bologna</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%AB_(1527%E5%B9%B4)" title="羅馬之劫 (1527年)">羅馬之劫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格兰宗教改革</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔">托马斯·莫尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE" title="若望·費舍爾">若望·費舍爾</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="良十世">教宗良十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">方濟·沙勿略</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解散修道院行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解散修道院行動（页面不存在）">解散修道院行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="extiw" title="en:Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dissolution of the Monasteries</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="特利騰大公會議">脫利騰會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="庇護五世">教宗庇護五世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%BD%8C%E6%92%92" title="脫利騰彌撒">脫利騰彌撒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十三世">教宗額我略十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教澳門教區">澳门教区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="亞維拉的德蘭">亞維拉的德蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B" title="十字若望">十字若望</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斐理伯·內利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philip Neri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%90%E7%90%86%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斐理伯·內利（页面不存在）">斐理伯·內利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Neri" class="extiw" title="en:Philip Neri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philip Neri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F" title="羅伯·白敏">羅伯·白敏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克时期</a><br />至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵十一世">教宗依諾增爵十一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十四世">教宗本篤十四世</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鎮壓耶稣會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8E%AE%E5%A3%93%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鎮壓耶稣會（页面不存在）">鎮壓耶稣會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反教权主义">反教权主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="庇護六世">教宗庇護六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="島原之亂">島原教案</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4" title="南特敕令">南特敕令</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E5%8E%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命時期去基督教運動">法國大革命時期去基督教運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a>及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:天主教修会">修会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="本笃会">本笃会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%90%95%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="克吕尼改革">克吕尼改革</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教教育（页面不存在）">教育</a>和科学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="天主教大學">教会大学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪大学列表">中世纪</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">近代传教事业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="在华耶稣会士列表">在华会士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">圣方济·沙勿略</a>（1506年－1552年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%9B%E7%AA%A6" title="利玛窦">利玛窦神父</a>（1552年－1610年）</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="明朝天主教">明朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="聖教三柱石">聖教三柱石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%85%89%E5%90%AF" title="徐光启">徐光启</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="中国礼仪之争">中国礼仪之争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:19世纪天主教">19世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="庇護七世">教宗庇護七世</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/1801%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%8B%99%E5%B0%88%E7%B4%84" title="1801年教務專約">1801年教務專約</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="庇護九世">教宗庇護九世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88%E5%9B%9A%E5%BE%92" title="梵蒂冈囚徒">梵蒂冈囚徒</a>（1870年－1929年）</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Our Lady of La Salette"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%98%BE%E7%8E%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件（页面不存在）">法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" class="extiw" title="en:Our Lady of La Salette"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Our Lady of La Salette</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1846年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">确立“圣母无染原罪”信理</a>（1854年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%BE%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="露德聖母">法国露德圣母显现事件</a>（1858年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議</a>（1869年－1870年） <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗无误权柄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infallibility of the Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%97%A0%E8%AF%AF%E6%9D%83%E6%9F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗无误权柄（页面不存在）">确立“教宗无误权柄”信理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Infallibility of the Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infallibility of the Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良十三世">教宗良十三世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于耶稣圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于耶稣圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于耶稣圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣心玛利修女" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mary of the Divine Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣心玛利修女（页面不存在）">圣心玛利修女</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Mary of the Divine Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mary of the Divine Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%8B" title="新事">新事</a>》通谕（1891年）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:20世纪天主教">20世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十世">教宗庇护十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%AA%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" title="花地瑪聖母">葡萄牙法蒂玛圣母显现事件</a>（1917年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%91%AA%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E5%80%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86" title="法蒂瑪的三個秘密">三个秘密</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="拉特朗条约">拉特朗条约</a>》 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈城国成立</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="救主慈悲敬禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2%E6%95%AC%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="救主慈悲敬禮（页面不存在）">救主慈悲敬禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Mercy_(Catholic_devotion)" class="extiw" title="en:Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%82%85%E5%A4%A9%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="玛利亚·傅天娜·克瓦尔斯卡">傅天娜修女</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">教宗庇護十二世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世（页面不存在）">对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" class="extiw" title="en:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E7%8E%B7%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于圣母无玷圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_Consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" class="extiw" title="en:Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1942年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">确立“圣母升天”信理</a>（1950年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">教宗若望二十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗若望二十三世通諭列表">通谕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議</a>（1962年－1965年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%9B%BC" title="若望·亨利·紐曼">紐曼枢机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%98%86" title="汉斯·昆">孔汉思神父</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">教宗保禄六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">教宗若望保禄一世猝死</a>（1978年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">教宗若望保禄二世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界青年日">世界青年日創立</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:21世纪天主教">21世纪</a>以來</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B" title="天主教會性侵害案例">性侵害案例</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國天主教會性侵害案例（页面不存在）">美國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十六世">教宗本笃十六世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%AD%E8%81%B7" title="教宗本篤十六世辭職">2013年辭職</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84_(%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="方濟各 (教宗)">教宗方济各</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%E5%B0%81%E8%81%96" title="教宗若望二十三世與教宗若望保祿二世封聖">教宗若望二十三世與教宗若望保祿二世封聖</a>（2014年）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="本笃十六世之死">本笃十六世之死</a>（2022年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">祈求信任宣言</a>（2023年）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:各地天主教">各地天主教史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="中国天主教">中國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="四川天主教">四川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="河北天主教">河北</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="法国天主教">法国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="德国天主教">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="爱尔兰天主教">爱尔兰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%AC%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E" title="母嬰之家醜聞">母嬰之家醜聞</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="意大利天主教">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="日本天主教">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮半島天主教">韓國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墨西哥天主教（页面不存在）">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="西班牙天主教">西班牙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西班牙天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="台灣天主教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国天主教教区列表">美国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">相关主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主题</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Saints" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Saints">圣人主题</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主题</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Popes" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Popes">教宗主题</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">Fiducia supplicans</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/25px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/38px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/50px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主題</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="基督教系列条目" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template talk:基督教页脚"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="基督教系列条目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>系列条目</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣基督</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督（概念）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督（教义）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">诞生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="耶穌升天">升天</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教會">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="四福音书">四福音书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">旧约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神（天主、上帝）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90" title="聖子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">护教学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗禮</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="幼兒洗禮">婴儿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教会学">教会学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Christian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学史（页面不存在）">神学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Christian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Christian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA" title="贖罪">救赎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a>与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教会传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christian tradition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教会传统（页面不存在）">教会传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christian tradition</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">圣母玛利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8B%A5%E7%91%9F" title="聖若瑟">聖若瑟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">圣保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E7%B5%B1%E7%B7%92" title="使徒統緒">使徒統緒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="教會四特徵">教會四特徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A7%E9%A6%96%E5%8D%80" title="五大牧首區">五大牧首區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教传播年表">传播年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·喀爾文">讓·喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂">俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">普世教會合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E7%99%BC%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B" title="啟發課程">啟發課程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BE" title="卡特里派">卡特里派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="亨利四世 (法兰西)">亨利四世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">宗派與運動</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教教派列表">列表</a>）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">公教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">罗马天主教會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="獨立天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Independent Catholic churches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立天主教會（页面不存在）">獨立天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Independent Catholic churches</span></a></span>）</span></span>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="帕爾馬爾天主教教會">帕爾馬爾天主教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">舊天主教會</a>*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E4%BC%9A" title="圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会">圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教爱国会">中国天主教爱国会</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">東正教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="希臘正教會">希臘正教會</a>（君士坦丁堡牧首区、亚历山大牧首区、安提阿牧首区、耶路撒冷牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯正教會">俄羅斯正教會</a>（莫斯科牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞正教會">格鲁吉亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="塞爾維亞正教會">塞尔维亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马尼亚正教会">罗马尼亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞正教會">保加利亚正教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西仪东正教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western Rite Orthodoxy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BB%AA%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西仪东正教会（页面不存在）">西仪东正教会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" class="extiw" title="en:Western Rite Orthodoxy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western Rite Orthodoxy</span></a></span>）</span></span>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="旧礼仪派">旧礼仪派</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞歷山大科普特正教會">亞歷山大科普特正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="敘利亞東方正統教會">敘利亞東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="亞美尼亞使徒教會">亞美尼亞使徒教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="埃塞俄比亞正統合性教會">埃塞俄比亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="厄利垂亞正統台瓦西多教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B0%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="厄立特里亚正统台瓦西多教会">厄利垂亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saint Thomas Christians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saint Thomas Christians</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各敘利亞基督教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各敘利亞基督教會（页面不存在）">雅各敘利亞基督教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malabar Independent Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方教會">東方教會</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99" title="景教">景教</a>）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東方古代教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Church of the East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東方古代教會（页面不存在）">東方古代教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Church of the East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Church of the East</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%AE%97" title="長老宗">長老宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="阿米什人">亚米胥派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%BE" title="胡特尔派">胡特尔派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="衛斯理主義">衛斯理主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E4%B8%96%E8%BB%8D" title="救世軍">救世軍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%83" title="拿撒勒人會">拿撒勒人會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬節運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%83" title="基督復臨安息日會">基督復臨安息日會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="真耶穌教會">真耶穌教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉维亚弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" title="貴格會">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A3%E9%81%93%E6%9C%83" title="基督教宣道會">宣道會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83" title="召會">召會</a>*</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞述福音教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assyrian Evangelical Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述福音教會（页面不存在）">亞述福音教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Evangelical Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assyrian Evangelical Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞述五旬節教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述五旬節教會（页面不存在）">亞述五旬節教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Pentecostal Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saint Thomas Christians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saint Thomas Christians</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪多馬敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪多馬敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪多馬敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Mar Thoma Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬福音教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬福音教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬福音教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:St. Thomas Evangelical Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">St. Thomas Evangelical Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="恢復運動">恢復運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%82%B3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="密傳基督教">密傳基督教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="馬丁主義">馬丁主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法國諾斯替教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gnostic Church of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國諾斯替教會（页面不存在）">法國諾斯替教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic_Church_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Gnostic Church of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gnostic Church of France</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美生聖殿騎士團" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E7%94%9F%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美生聖殿騎士團（页面不存在）">美生聖殿騎士團</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" class="extiw" title="en:Knights Templar (Freemasonry)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knights Templar (Freemasonry)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薔薇十字團契" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rosicrucian Fellowship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%94%E8%96%87%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%98%E5%A5%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薔薇十字團契（页面不存在）">薔薇十字團契</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian_Fellowship" class="extiw" title="en:Rosicrucian Fellowship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rosicrucian Fellowship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新耶路撒冷教會">新耶路撒冷教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="撒伯流主義">撒伯流主義</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E6%9C%83" title="基督弟兄會">基督弟兄會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督科學">基督科學教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際基甸會">國際基甸會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶稣主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jesuism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义（页面不存在）">耶稣主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jesuism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="美國原住民教會">美国原住民教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="布道">布道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祈祷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教神秘主義">神秘主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">诺斯底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="基督教與其他宗教">基督教與其他宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="教政體制">教會行政</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="基督教象徵">象徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮儀</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%AE" title="亞歷山大禮">亞歷山大禮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安條克禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antiochene Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安條克禮（页面不存在）">安條克禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Antiochene Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antiochene Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE" title="亞美尼亞禮">亞美尼亞禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC" title="拜占庭礼">拜占庭礼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加色丁禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Syrian Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加色丁禮（页面不存在）">加色丁禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Syrian_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:East Syrian Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Syrian Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="拉丁禮教會">拉丁禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%98%E7%BF%92%E4%BE%8B" title="安立甘習例">安立甘習例</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬禮">羅馬禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="安博禮">安博禮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉姆禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarum Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉姆禮（页面不存在）">薩拉姆禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Sarum Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarum Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A6%AE" title="摩爾阿拉伯禮">摩爾阿拉伯禮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建築形式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築形式（页面不存在）">建築形式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Church architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="巴西利卡">宗座聖殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="主教座堂">主教座堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%A3%E5%A0%82" title="小圣堂">小圣堂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">聖職人員</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="宗主教">牧首／宗主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大總主教">大總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">樞機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">總主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="都主教">（都主教）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">神父（司铎）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" title="牧师">牧师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E4%BA%8B_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="執事 (基督教)">执事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非聖職人員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="修士">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E7%A5%AD" title="輔祭">輔祭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="平信徒">平信徒</a></li> <li>理事</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="长老 (基督教)">長老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">傳教士／宣教師／傳道師</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div>注：標“*”的教會有時不被視作所屬宗派的一部分。 <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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