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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Asal_usul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal_usul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Asal usul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal_usul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah_Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perluasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perluasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Perluasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perluasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Yunani-Persia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Perang Yunani-Persia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Yunani-Persia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fase_kebudayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fase_kebudayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fase kebudayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fase_kebudayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keruntuhan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keruntuhan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Keruntuhan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keruntuhan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Budaya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wanita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wanita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wanita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_raja_wangsa_Akhemeniyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_raja_wangsa_Akhemeniyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Daftar raja wangsa Akhemeniyah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Daftar_raja_wangsa_Akhemeniyah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Daftar raja wangsa Akhemeniyah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Daftar_raja_wangsa_Akhemeniyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belum_terbukti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belum_terbukti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Belum terbukti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belum_terbukti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudah_terbukti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudah_terbukti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sudah terbukti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudah_terbukti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Keterangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 104 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenidiese_Ryk" title="Achaemenidiese Ryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Achaemenidiese Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Aquemenida" title="Imperio Aquemenida – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Aquemenida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية الأخمينية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية الأخمينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الشاهنشاهيه الاخمينيه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشاهنشاهيه الاخمينيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="হাক্হ্মানী সাম্ৰাজ্য – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাক্হ্মানী সাম্ৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_aquem%C3%A9nida" title="Imperiu aqueménida – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu aqueménida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fh%C9%99m%C9%99nil%C9%99r_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Əhəmənilər dövləti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əhəmənilər dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="هخامنشیلر دؤولتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هخامنشیلر دؤولتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Әһәмәниҙәр дәүләте – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әһәмәниҙәр дәүләте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Дзяржава Ахеменідаў – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзяржава Ахеменідаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Дзяржава Ахемэнідаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзяржава Ахемэнідаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ахеменидско царство – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ахеменидско царство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="হাখমানেশি সাম্রাজ্য – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাখমানেশি সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_an_Ac%27haemenided" title="Impalaeriezh an Ac'haemenided – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh an Ac'haemenided" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahemenidsko_Carstvo" title="Ahemenidsko Carstvo – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ahemenidsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Aquem%C3%A8nida" title="Imperi Aquemènida – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Aquemènida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Persyano" title="Imperyong Persyano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Imperyong Persyano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ھەخامەنشی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ھەخامەنشی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahameni%C5%9F_%C4%B0mparatorl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Ahameniş İmparatorlığı – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ahameniş İmparatorlığı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaimenovsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Achaimenovská říše – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Achaimenovská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85%D3%97" title="Ахеменидсен патшалӑхӗ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ахеменидсен патшалӑхӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Achaemenaidd" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Achaemenaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ymerodraeth Achaemenaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach%C3%A6menidiske_rige" title="Achæmenidiske rige – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Achæmenidiske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach%C3%A4menidenreich" title="Achämenidenreich – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Achämenidenreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αχαιμενιδική Αυτοκρατορία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχαιμενιδική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Achaemenid Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%A5emenida_Imperio" title="Aĥemenida Imperio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aĥemenida Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_aquem%C3%A9nida" title="Imperio aqueménida – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio aqueménida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahhemeniidide_riik" title="Ahhemeniidide riik – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahhemeniidide riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akemenestar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="شاهنشاهی هخامنشی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاهنشاهی هخامنشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhaimenidit" title="Akhaimenidit – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akhaimenidit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides" title="Achéménides – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Achéménides" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Impireacht_Acaeim%C3%A9ineach" title="An Impireacht Acaeiméineach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Impireacht Acaeiméineach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nid" title="Achéménid – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Achéménid" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Aquem%C3%A9nida" title="Imperio Aqueménida – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Aqueménida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هخامنشيان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هخامنشيان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Achaemenid" title="Daular Achaemenid – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Achaemenid" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82_Ti-koet" title="Pô-sṳ̂ Ti-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-sṳ̂ Ti-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הפרסית האחמנית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הפרסית האחמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="हख़ामनी साम्राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हख़ामनी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahemenidsko_Carstvo" title="Ahemenidsko Carstvo – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ahemenidsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93perzsa_Birodalom" title="Óperzsa Birodalom – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Óperzsa Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աքեմենյան պետություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աքեմենյան պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persaveldi" title="Persaveldi – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Persaveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_achemenide" title="Impero achemenide – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero achemenide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B1%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E6%9C%9D" title="アケメネス朝 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アケメネス朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="აქემენიანთა იმპერია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აქემენიანთა იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axamaniyler" title="Axamaniyler – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Axamaniyler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ахемен әулеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ахемен әулеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%BC%80%EB%A9%94%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="아케메네스 제국 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아케메네스 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Hexameni%C5%9F%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Hexamenişî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Hexamenişî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%82%D2%AF" title="Ахеменилер дөөлөтү – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ахеменилер дөөлөтү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Achaemenidarum" title="Imperium Achaemenidarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Achaemenidarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Acemenan" title="Impero Acemenan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Acemenan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imper_achemenid" title="Imper achemenid – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Imper achemenid" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achemenid%C5%B3_imperija" title="Achemenidų imperija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Achemenidų imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahemen%C4%ABdu_imp%C4%93rija" title="Ahemenīdu impērija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ahemenīdu impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akemenida" title="Akemenida – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Akemenida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emepaea_Achaemenid" title="Emepaea Achaemenid – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Emepaea Achaemenid" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ахеменидско Царство – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ахеменидско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹഖാമനി സാമ്രാജ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹഖാമനി സാമ്രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Ахеменидын эзэнт гүрэн – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ахеменидын эзэнт гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="हखामनी साम्राज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हखामनी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Hakhamaniyah" title="Empayar Hakhamaniyah – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Hakhamaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="هخامنشیون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هخامنشیون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="अखामनी साम्राज्य – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अखामनी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemeniden" title="Achaemeniden – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Achaemeniden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamenidedynastiet" title="Akamenidedynastiet – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Akamenidedynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Aquemenida" title="Empèri Aquemenida – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Aquemenida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Achemenid%C3%B3w" title="Imperium Achemenidów – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperium Achemenidów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ہخامنشی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہخامنشی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="هخامنشیانو سترواکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هخامنشیانو سترواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Aquem%C3%AAnida" title="Império Aquemênida – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Aquemênida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Ahemenid" title="Imperiul Ahemenid – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Ahemenid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir%C3%A3ria_Persan%C3%A3" title="Amirãria Persanã – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Amirãria Persanã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Держава Ахеменидов – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Держава Ахеменидов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="हक्षामणी साम्राज्यम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हक्षामणी साम्राज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Achaemenid Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%A6%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%8A" title="اڪئمنيڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڪئمنيڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahemenidska_Monarhija" title="Ahemenidska Monarhija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ahemenidska Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Achaemenid Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staroperzsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Staroperzská ríša – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Staroperzská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahemenidsko_cesarstvo" title="Ahemenidsko cesarstvo – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ahemenidsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Akaemenide" title="Perandoria Akaemenide – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Akaemenide" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ахеменидско царство – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ахеменидско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakaisaran_Ak%C3%A9m%C3%A9niyah" title="Kakaisaran Akéméniyah – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kakaisaran Akéméniyah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akemeniderna" title="Akemeniderna – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akemeniderna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகாமனிசியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%A3" title="Шоҳаншоҳии Ҳахоманишӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шоҳаншоҳии Ҳахоманишӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="จักรวรรดิอะคีเมนิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิอะคีเมนิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Akemenida" title="Imperyong Akemenida – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Akemenida" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahameni%C5%9F_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Ahameniş İmparatorluğu – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahameniş İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%A4menid_D%C3%A4wl%C3%A4te" title="Axämenid Däwläte – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Axämenid Däwläte" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Імперія Ахеменідів – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імперія Ахеменідів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ہخامنشی سلطنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہخامنشی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahamoniylar_davlati" title="Ahamoniylar davlati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ahamoniylar davlati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Achaemenes" title="Đế quốc Achaemenes – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Achaemenes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyo_Akemenida" title="Imperyo Akemenida – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Imperyo Akemenida" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿契美尼德王朝 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿契美尼德王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="აქემენიანეფიშ იმპერია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აქემენიანეფიშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿契美尼德帝国 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿契美尼德帝国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenes_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Achaemenes Tè-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Achaemenes Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="波斯第一帝國 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波斯第一帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q389688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Kekaisaran Persia Akhemeniyah</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">Parsā</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">sek. 550 SM–336 SM</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Kekaisaran Persia"><img alt="Bendera Kekaisaran Persia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg/125px-Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg/188px-Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg/250px-Standard_of_Cyrus_the_Great.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Lambang Koresy Agung</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_(Lion_and_Sun).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kekaisaran Persia"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/85px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/128px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/170px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="766" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Lambang</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wilayah terluas Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah di bawah Darius I."><img alt="Wilayah terluas Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah di bawah Darius I." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png/250px-Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png/375px-Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png/500px-Achaemenid_Empire_~480_BC.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="425" /></a></span><div style="font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;">Wilayah terluas Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah di bawah <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Kekaisaran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekbatana" title="Ekbatana">Ekbatana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsa">Parsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susa" class="mw-disambig" title="Susa">Susa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babilon" title="Babilon">Babilon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa yang umum digunakan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Persia Kuno">Bahasa Persia Kuno</a> (bahasa asli)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Kekaisaran" title="Bahasa Aram Kekaisaran">bahasa Aram Kekaisaran</a> (<small>Bahasa resmi dan <a href="/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara">basantara</a></small>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Elam" title="Bahasa Elam">bahasa Elam</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">bahasa Akkadia</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemerintahan</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarki</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Raja_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Persia">Syah</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 559–529 SM (pertama) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 336–330 SM (terakhir) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darius_III_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius III dari Persia">Darius III</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era Sejarah</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuno" class="mw-disambig" title="Kuno">Kuno</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Didirikan </div></th><td class="infobox-data">550 SM (Koresy Agung menggulingkan Astages dari Media)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pembangunan dimulai di <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">515 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Kambises_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambises II">Kambises II</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">525 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">498–448 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Penaklukan ulang Mesir oleh <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">343SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kekalahan Kekaisaran Akhaimenia oleh <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">334SM–330 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Ditaklukkan pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Aleksander_Agung" title="Perang Aleksander Agung">Perang Aleksander Agung</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">336 SM (Aleksander Agung menaklukkan Persia)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a> dibunuh oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bessos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bessos (halaman belum tersedia)">Bessos</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">330 SM</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Luas</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">480 SM</th><td class="infobox-data">8.000.000 km<sup>2</sup> (3.100.000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darik (halaman belum tersedia)">Darik</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siglos (halaman belum tersedia)">Siglos</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Didahului oleh</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Digantikan oleh</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Median_Empire.svg/20px-Median_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Median_Empire.svg/30px-Median_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Median_Empire.svg/40px-Median_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25006243">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style><div class="tooltip" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="color:blue">ksr</span></span></span><span class="tooltiptext">Kekaisaran</span></div><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Media"> Media</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png/20px-Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png/30px-Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png/40px-Neo_babylonia_empire_540_bc-2.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="434" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25006243"><div class="tooltip" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="color:blue">ksr</span></span></span><span class="tooltiptext">Kekaisaran</span></div><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Babilonia_Baru" title="Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru"> Babilonia Baru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png/20px-Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png/30px-Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png/40px-Anatolia_Ancient_Regions_ID.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25006243"><a href="/wiki/Lydia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg/20px-Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg/30px-Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg/40px-Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="3219" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25006243"><div class="tooltip" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="color:orange">dns</span></span></span><span class="tooltiptext">Dinasti</span></div><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_keduapuluh_enam_Mesir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti keduapuluh enam Mesir"> keduapuluh enam Mesir</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25006243"><div class="tooltip" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><span style="color:blue">ksr</span></span></span><span class="tooltiptext">Kekaisaran</span></div><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia"> Makedonia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vergina_sun.svg/20px-Vergina_sun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vergina_sun.svg/30px-Vergina_sun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vergina_sun.svg/40px-Vergina_sun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="249" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sekarang bagian dari</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>Negara saat ini</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mojtahed-Zadeh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mojtahed-Zadeh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Romania</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg/300px-Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg/450px-Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg/600px-Achaemenid_Empire_id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Peta tempat-tempat (diarsir terang) yang pernah dikuasai oleh Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</b> (atau <b>Akhaimenia</b>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Persia Kuno">bahasa Persia Kuno</a>: <i>Parsā</i> atau <span lang="peo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:%F0%90%8E%A7%F0%90%8F%81%F0%90%8F%82%F0%90%8E%B6" class="extiw" title="en:wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶">𐎧𐏁𐏂</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;">transliterasi: Khšāça</span>, nama dinasti yang berkuasa: <i>Haxāmanišiya</i>) (sek. 550–330 SM) adalah sebutan bagi Kekaisaran Iran pada masa kekuasaan Dinasti Akhemeniyah. Sebelum menguasai seluruh Iran, dinasti ini awalnya adalah penguasa kawasan Persia (Iran selatan). Akhemeniyah adalah dinasti pertama asal Persia yang menjadi penguasa seluruh Iran, sehingga kekaisaran mereka juga disebut dengan <b>Kekaisaran Persia Pertama</b>. </p><p>Dinasti Akhemeniyah menjadi penguasa Iran setelah raja mereka, <a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a>, menggulingkan <a href="/wiki/Medes" class="mw-redirect" title="Medes">konfederasi Medes</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-6_SM" title="Abad ke-6 SM">abad ke-6 SM</a>. Kekaisaran ini meluas hingga pada akhirnya menguasai wilayah yang amat besar di dunia kuno dan pada tahun 500 SM membentang dari <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus">Lembah Indus</a> di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> hingga ke <a href="/wiki/Thrakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakia">Thrakia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia">Makedonia</a> di perbatasan timur laut <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>. Tidak ada kekaisaran lain sebelum masa itu yang lebih besar daripada Kekaisaran Akhaimenia.<sup id="cite_ref-book_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kekaisaran Akhaimenia pada akhirnya menguasai <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir</a> juga. Kekaisaran ini dipimpin oleh serangkaian raja yang menyatukan suku-suku dan bangsa-bangsanya yang terpisah-pisah dengan membangun jaringan jalan yang rumit. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Persia">Bangsa Persia</a> menyebut diri mereka <i>Pars</i>, yang berasal dari nama suku Arya asli mereka <i>Parsa</i>, dan bermukim di daerah yang mereka beri nama <i>Parsua</i> (<i>Persis</i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>), yang dibatasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tigris" title="Sungai Tigris">Sungai Tigris</a> di barat dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a> di timur. Tempat ini menjadi wilayah pusat mereka pada masa Kekaisaran Akhaimenia.<sup id="cite_ref-book_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari daerah inilah <a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a> pada akhirnya muncul dan mengalahkan bangsa Medes, <a href="/wiki/Lydia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Babilonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Babilonia">Kekaisaran Babilonia</a>, membuka jalan untuk penaklukan selanjutnya ke Mesir dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Kecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Kecil">Asia Kecil</a>. </p><p>Pada puncak kejayaannya setelah penaklukan Mesir, kekaisaran ini menempati wilayah seluas kira-kira 8 juta km<sup>2</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meliputi tiga benua: Asia, Afrika, dan Eropa. Pada wilayah terluasnya, kekaisaran ini juga meliputi wilayah yang kini menjadi <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, sebagian <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Thrakia, dan Makedonia, sebagian besar daerah pesisir <a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam">Laut Hitam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> utara, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, serta semua pusat pemukiman di <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir kuno</a> hingga ke barat sejauh <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. Dalam sejarah Barat, Kekaisaran Akhaimenia disebutkan sebagai musuh <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">negara-negara kota Yunani</a><sup id="cite_ref-book_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</a>. Kekaisaran ini juga terkenal karena emansipasi terhadap terhadap perbudakan termasuk pembebasan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Yahudi">bangsa Yahudi</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Pembuangan_ke_Babilonia" title="Pembuangan ke Babilonia">pembuangan ke Babilonia</a> dan karena membangun infrastruktur seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapar_Khaneh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapar Khaneh (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem pos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalan_kerajaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalan kerajaan">sistem jalan</a>, dan penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">bahasa resmi</a> di seluruh wilayah kekuasaannya. Kekaisaran ini menerapkan administrasi birokratis terpusat di bawah pimpinan Kaisar serta memiliki pasukan militer profesional dan pasukan wajib militer yang besar, mengilhami perkembangan serupa di kekaisaran-kekaisaran lain pada masa selanjutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-schmitt-EI-i_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmitt-EI-i-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut pandangan tradisional, wilayah Kekaisaran Akhaimenia yang amat luas dan keragaman etnokulturalnya yang luar biasa<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada akhirnya menjadi kerugian karena penyerahan kekuasaan kepada pemerintah lokal pada akhirnya melemahkan otoritas pusat milik raja, membuat banyak energi dan sumber daya terbuang akibat harus menghentikan pemberontakan lokal.<sup id="cite_ref-book_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini menjelaskan mengapa ketika <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a> (Aleksander III dari Makedonia) <a href="/wiki/Perang_Aleksander_Agung" title="Perang Aleksander Agung">menginvasi</a> Persia pada tahun 334 SM dia menghadapi suatu kekaisaran terpecah belah dengan pemimpin yang lemah, mudah untuk dihancurkan. Sudut pandang ini ditentang oleh beberapa sejarawan modern yang berpendapat bahwa Kekaisaran Akhaimenia tidak menderita krisis semacam itu pada masa Aleksander, dan bahwa hanya kericuhan pergantian kekuasaan internal yang terjadi di dalam keluarga Akhemenid yang pernah hampir melemahkan kekaisaran.<sup id="cite_ref-book_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aleksander, yang merupakan pengagum Koresy Agung,<sup id="cite_ref-Ulrich_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulrich-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada akhirnya menyebabkan keruntuhan dan perpecahan kekaisaran sekitar tahun 330 SM, membuatnya terbagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Ptolemaik" title="Kerajaan Ptolemaik">Kerajaan Ptolemaik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Seleukia" title="Kekaisaran Seleukia">Kekaisaran Seleukia</a>, selain juga wilayah-wilayah kecil lainnya yang memedekakan diri pada masa itu. Akan tetapi, kebudayaan Iran di dataran tinggi tengah tetap berkembang dan pada akhirnya kembali berkuasa pada abad ke-2 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-book_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warisan sejarah Kekaisaran Akhaimenia bukan hanya pengaruh teritorial dan militernya saja, melainkan meliputi pula pengaruh kebudaaan, sosial, dan keagamaan. Banyak orang Athena yang mengadopsi kebiasaan Akhaimenia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka sebagai akibat dari kontak antarbudaya,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beberapa karena pernah dikerahkan oleh, atau bersekutu dengan raja Persia. Pengaruh Dekret Pemulihan Koresy Agung disebutkan dalam naskah Yudeo-Kristen, selain itu kekaisaran ini juga amat berperan dalam penyebaran <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a> hingga ke timur sejauh <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>. Bahkan Aleksander Agung, yang menaklukkan kekaisaran luas ini, menghormati adat-istiadatnya dan memerintahkan orang Yunani untuk ikut menghormasi raja-raja Persia termasuk Koresy Agung. Aleksander bahkan melakukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proskynesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proskynesis (halaman belum tersedia)">proskynesis</a>, suatu adat kerajaan Persia, meskipun banyak diprotes oleh para tentara Makedonianya.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kekaisaran Akhaimenia memberikan pengaruh terhadap politik, warisan dan sejarah Persia modern (kini <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perangaruhnya meliputi pula wilayah Persia sebelumnya yang secara keseluruhan disebut <a href="/wiki/Persia_Besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia Besar">Persia Besar</a>. Prestasi teknik yang penting di Kekaisaran Akhaimenia adalah sistem pengelolaan air <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qanat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qanat (halaman belum tersedia)">Qanat</a>, yang berusia lebih dari 3000 tahun dan memiliki panjang lebih dari 44 mil (71 km.)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 480 SM, diperkirakan bahwa sekitar 50 juta<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> orang tinggal di Kekaisaran Akhaimenia<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau sekitar 44% dari seluruh populasi dunia pada masa itu, menjadikannya kekaisaran dengan jumlah penduduk terbanyak.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asal_usul">Asal usul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Asal usul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asal usul"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Akhaimenes" title="Akhaimenes">Akhaimenes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teispid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teispid (halaman belum tersedia)">Teispid</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silsilah_keluarga_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silsilah keluarga Akhemeniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Silsilah keluarga Akhemeniyah</a></div> <p>Nama Persia berasal dari suku India-Eropa yang disebut <i>Parsua</i>. Persia merupakan pengucapan Latin dari orang India-Eropa, Parsua, yang menyebut perbatasan wilayah mereka <a href="/wiki/Persis" class="mw-disambig" title="Persis">Persis</a>, sesuai nama suku mereka, suatu daerah yang terletak di sebelah utara <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a> dan sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tigris" title="Sungai Tigris">sungai Tigris</a> disebut <a href="/wiki/Persis" class="mw-disambig" title="Persis">Persis</a> (atau dalam bahasa Persia, <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Fars" title="Provinsi Fars">Pars</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-enc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejarawan Yunani, <a href="/wiki/Herodotos" title="Herodotos">Herodotos</a>, menuturkan:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Bangsa Persia terdiri atas sejumlah suku seperti terdaftar di sini. [...]: suku Pasargadai, Maraphii, dan Maspii, kepada mereka semua suku lainnya bergantung, Pasargadai adalah yang paling terkemuka; mereka memiliki klan Akhaimenid yang melahirkan raja-raja Perseid. Suku-suku lainnya adalah Panthialaei, Derusiaei, Germanii, kesemuanya hidup menetap, sisanya -Dai, Mardi, Dropici, Sagarti, merupakan suku nomaden.</p></blockquote> <p>Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah bukanlah kekaisaran Iran pertama. Pada abad keenam SM suku <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Iran">bangsa Iran</a> lainnya, yaitu bangsa <a href="/wiki/Medes" class="mw-redirect" title="Medes">Medes</a>, telah mendirikan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Media">Kekaisaran Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangsa Medes pada awalnya merupakan bangsa Iran yang dominan di daerah tersebut, mulai berkuasa pada akhir abad ke-7 SM dan menjadikan <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Bangsa Persia</a> bagian dari kekaisaran mereka. Bangsa-bangsa Iran sendiri memasuki daerah itu sekitar tahun 1000 SM<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan pada awalnya berada di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Assyria">Kekaisaran Assyria</a> (911-609 SM). Akan tetapi, bangsa Medes dan Persia (bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Skythia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Skythia">bangsa Skythia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a>) memainkan peranan penting dalam keruntuhan <a href="/wiki/Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> melalui kerusuhan internal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_Politik">Sejarah Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perluasan">Perluasan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Perluasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perluasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada abad ke-5 SM Persia telah menguasai wilayah yang kini menjadi <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, pesisir <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makedonia" class="mw-disambig" title="Makedonia">Makedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, sebagian <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, bagian utara <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> serta <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> barat laut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perang_Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Perang Yunani-Persia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perang Yunani-Persia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</a></div> <p>Setelah menaklukkan Asia Kecil (Turki modern), Persia menempatkan tiran pada tiap negara kota Yunani di sana sebagai pemimpin lokal. Pada tahun 499 SM, <a href="/wiki/Aristagoras" title="Aristagoras">Aristagoras</a>, tiran <a href="/wiki/Miletos" title="Miletos">Miletos</a>, bersama dengan satrap Persia, <a href="/wiki/Artaphernes" title="Artaphernes">Artaphernes</a>, melaksanakan ekspedisi untuk menaklukkan <a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxos</a>. Tujuan Aristagoras adalah untuk meningkatkan posisinya sendiri di Miletos, baik dalam hal keuangan maupun kekuasaan. Misi itu berakhir dengan kegagalan dan akibatnya pihak Persia berencana untuk memecat Aristagoras dari jabatan tiran. Mengahadapi ancaman pemecatan itu, Aristagoras memilih untuk menghasut negara-negara kota Ionia untuk memberontak melawan kekuasaan Persia. Seluruh Ionia terkena hasutannya, terutama karena mereka juga tidak senang dengan para tiran yang ditunjuk oleh Persia untuk memimpin mereka. maka terjadilah <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Ionia" title="Pemberontakan Ionia">Pemberontakan Ionia</a>. Pemberontakan juga diikuti oleh kota-kota di <a href="/wiki/Aiolis" title="Aiolis">Aiolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris" title="Doris">Doris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Karia" title="Karia">Karia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaulbach,_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG/400px-Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG" decoding="async" width="400" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG/600px-Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG/800px-Kaulbach%2C_Wilhelm_von_-_Die_Seeschlacht_bei_Salamis_-_1868.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5032" data-file-height="2840" /></a><figcaption><i>Pertempuran Salamis</i> (1868), karya Wilhelm von Kaulbach. <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Salamis" title="Pertempuran Salamis">Pertempuran Salamis</a> merupakan titik balik dalam <a href="/wiki/Invasi_kedua_Persia_ke_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi kedua Persia ke Yunani">invasi kedua Persia ke Yunani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Konflik tersebut berlangsung hingga tahun 493 SM, ketika Persia menyepakati perjanjian damai dengan kota-kota Ionia. Namun pemberontakan itu menjadi fase awal dari konflik yang lebih besar. Selama pemberontakan, dua negara kota di Yunani daratan, yakni <a href="/wiki/Athena_Klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Athena Klasik">Athena</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a>, mengirim pasukan dan membantu kota-kota Ionia dalam melawan Persia. Akibatnya Darius murka dan bersumpah akan menghukum dua negara itu. Selain itu, Darius menganggap bahwa situasi politik di Yunani dapat menjadi ancaman bagi kestabilan kekaisarannya. Oleh karena itu, setelah Persia kembali menguasai keadaan di Asia Kecil, Darius memerintahkan dilancarkannya <a href="/wiki/Invasi_pertama_Persia_ke_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi pertama Persia ke Yunani">invasi ke Yunani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasukan dan armada Persia memperoleh beberapa kesukesan awal di Yunani sebelum akhirnya dikalahkan oleh pasukan Athena, yang dibantu <a href="/wiki/Plataia" title="Plataia">Plataia</a>, dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Marathon" title="Pertempuran Marathon">Pertempuran Marathon</a> pada tahun 490 SM, yang memaksa <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Akhemeniyah" title="Pasukan Akhemeniyah">pasukan Persia</a> mengakhiri invasinya. Darius berniat untuk kembali menyerbu Yunani namun keburu meninggal dunia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I dari Persia">Xerxes I</a> (485–465 SM, bahasa Persia Kuno <i>Xšayārša</i> "Pahlawan Para Raja"), putra Darius, naik takhta dan meneruskan misi ayahnya. Dia mengumpulkan pasukan yang besar dan pada tahun memimpin <a href="/wiki/Invasi_kedua_Persia_ke_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasi kedua Persia ke Yunani">invasi ke Yunani</a> 480 SM . Dia bersama pasukan darat Persia memasuki Yunani dari utara, menaklukkan <a href="/wiki/Thrakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakia">Thrakia</a> dan memaksa <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia">Makedonia</a> menjadi sekutu Persia. Pasukan daratnya sempat terhenti akibat dihadang sejumlah tentara Yunani, termasuk tiga ratus prajurit <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Thermopylae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertempuran Thermopylae">Thermopylae</a>, sementara armada lautnya juga sempat tertahan pada <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Artemision" title="Pertempuran Artemision">Artemision</a>. Namun Persia pada akhirnya bisa melanjutkan invasi. </p><p>Persia terus bergerak semakin jauh di Yunani dan menaklukkan kota Athena, yang sudah hampir kosong karena penduduknya telah dievakuasi. Pada akhirnya, dalam suatu pertempuran maritim yang menentukan di <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Salamis" title="Pertempuran Salamis">Pertempuran Salamis</a>, armada Persia dikalahkan oleh armada gabungan Yunani. Ini membuat Xerxes menarik mundur sebagian besar pasukan daratnya dan kembali ke Persia. <a href="/wiki/Mardonios" title="Mardonios">Mardonios</a>, seorang jenderal Persia, tetap tinggal di Yunani dan ditugaskan menyelesaikan invasi bersama sisa-sisa pasukan darat Persia. Pada tahun 479 SM, pasukan gabungan Yunani mengalahkan pasukan Mardonios dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Plataia" title="Pertempuran Plataia">Pertempuran Plataia</a>, dan armada gabungan Yunani menghancurkan armada Persia pada <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Mykale" title="Pertempuran Mykale">Pertempuran Mykale</a>. Semua kemenangan Yunani ini mengakhiri invasi Persia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fase_kebudayaan">Fase kebudayaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Fase kebudayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fase kebudayaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xerxes I digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_I_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artahsasta I dari Persia">Artahsasta I</a> (465–424 SM), yang memindahkan ibu kota dari Parsa ke Babilon. Pada masa pemerintahannya <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Elam" title="Bahasa Elam">bahasa Elam</a> tak lagi digunakan sebagai bahasa pemerintahan, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">bahasa Aram</a> menjadi lebih banyak digunakan. Kemungkinan pada pemerintahannya juga kalender matahari digunakan sebagai kalender nasional. Artahsasta menjadikan <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a> sebagai agama negara sehingga pada masa kini dia disebut juga sebagai <a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantinus I">Constantinus</a> bagi agama tersebut. </p><p>Artahsasta meninggal di Susa dan jasadnya dibawa ke Parsa dimakamkan bersama para pendahulunya. Artahsasta digantikan oleh putra sulungnya <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes II">Xerxes II</a>, yang dibunuh oleh saudara tirinya hanya beberapa minggu setelah kematian Artahsasta. Dalam keadaan takhta Persia yang kacau, <a href="/wiki/Darius_II_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius II dari Persia">Darius II</a> mengumpulkan dukungan bagi dirinya dan berarak ke timur, menghukum mati sang pembunuh dan mengangkat dirinya sendiri menjadi raja Persia. </p><p>Darius berkuasa sejak tahun 423 SM. Pada tahun 412 SM, atas desakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissaphernes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tissaphernes (halaman belum tersedia)">Tissaphernes</a>, Darius memberi bantuan kepada Athena, kemudian kepada Sparta, yang mana bahwa kedua negara itu sedang berperang dalam konflik yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Perang_Peloponnesos" title="Perang Peloponnesos">Perang Peloponnesos</a>. Namun pada tahun 407 SM, putra Darius, <a href="/wiki/Koresy_Muda" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Muda">Koresy Muda</a>, ditunjuk untuk menggantikan Tissaphernes, dan setelah itu bantuan seluruhnya diberikan hanya bagi Sparta, yang pada akhirnya berhasil mengalahkan Athena pada tahun 404 SM. Pada tahun itu pula Darius jatuh sakit dan meninggal di Babilonia. Menjelang kematiannya, istrinya, <a href="/wiki/Parysatis" title="Parysatis">Parysatis</a>, yang berasal dari Babilonia, memohon kepada Darius untuk menjadikan putra keduanya, Koresy Muda, sebagai raja Persia selanjutnya, akan tetapi Darius menolak. </p><p>Darius digantikan oleh putra sulungnya <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_II_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artahsasta II dari Persia">Artahsasta II Memnon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plutarkhos" title="Plutarkhos">Plutarkhos</a> menuturkan (kemungkinan atas otoritas <a href="/wiki/Ktesias" title="Ktesias">Ktesias</a>) bahwa Tissaphernes menemui raja baru itu pada hari penobatannya dan memperingatkannya bahwa adiknya, Koresy Muda, berniat membunuhnya pada upaca penobatan. Artahsasta kemudian menangkap Koresy dan hendak menghukum mati dia namun ibunya Parysatis ikut campur sehingga Koresy selamat. Koresy lalu diberikan jabatan sebagai satrap Lydia, di sana dia mengumpulkan pasukan untuk melakukan pemberontakan. Koresy dan Artahsasta akhirnya bentrok dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Kunaxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Kunaxa (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Kunaxa</a> pada tahun 401 SM, yang berakhir dengan kematian Koresy. </p><p>Artahsasta terus berkuasa dan menjadi raja Akhaimenia yang paling lama memerintah; dia menjadi raja selama sekitar 45 tahun, hingga tahun 358 SM. Selama masa pemerintahannya, Persia mengalami kedamaian dan kestabilan sehingga banyak dibangun monumen. Artahsasta memindahkan kembali ibu kota ke Parsa, yang dia perindah, sementara itu Ekbatana, sebagai ibu kota musim panas, diberi banyak tambahan hiasan berupa tiang dan genting yang dilapisi perak dan perunggu. Pada masa pemerintahannya juga, terjadi inovasi luar biasa pada kultus mezbah Zoroaster, dan tersebarnya agama itu ke seluruh <a href="/wiki/Asia_Kecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Kecil">Asia Kecil</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, dari <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>. Karena semua kontribusinya terhadap Persia, enam abad kemudian pendiri <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sassaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Sassaniyah">Kekaisaran Persia Kedua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardeshir_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardeshir I (halaman belum tersedia)">Ardeshir I</a>, menyatakan diri adalah keturunan Artahsasta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keruntuhan">Keruntuhan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Keruntuhan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keruntuhan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:65%; font-weight:normal;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Iran" title="Kategori:Sejarah Iran"><b>seri</b></a> mengenai</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="vcard navbox-title" style="background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Sejarah <span class="fn org label">Iran</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg/200px-Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg/300px-Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg/400px-Persepolis_24.11.2009_11-12-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2477" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Persia" title="Mitologi Persia">Mitos Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Pisydadiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Pisydadiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Pisydadi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Kayaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Kayaniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Kayani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="#REDIRECT_Sejarah_Iran#Zaman_Prasejarah">Zaman Kuno</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">SM</a></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Kura-Aras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Kura-Aras (halaman belum tersedia)">Peradaban Kura-Aras</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 3400–2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Elam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Elam (halaman belum tersedia)">Proto-Elam</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 3200–2700</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 2700–539</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akkadia" title="Kekaisaran Akkadia">Kekaisaran Akadia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 2400–2150</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Kass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Kass">Bangsa Kass</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">ca.</a>1500 – ca.1155</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Asiria_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Asiria Baru">Kekaisaran Asiria Baru</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 911–609</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 860–590</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Mannea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Mannea (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangsa Mannea</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 850–616</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="#REDIRECT_Sejarah_Iran#Zaman_Klasik">Zaman Kekaisaran</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Mede" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Mede">Kekaisaran Media</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 678–550 SM</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> (<a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Skithia" title="Bangsa Skithia">Kerajaan Saka</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <i>652–625 SM</i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Babilonia_Baru" title="Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru">Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 626–539 SM</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kekaisaran Akhaimenia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 550–330 SM</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Armenia" title="Kerajaan Armenia">Kerajaan Armenia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 331 SM – 428 Masehi</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 320an SM – Abad III Masehi</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Seleukia" title="Kekaisaran Seleukia">Kekaisaran Seleukia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 312–63 SM</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Parthia">Kekaisaran Partia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 247 SM – 224 Masehi</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Suren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Suren (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerajaan Suren</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 119 SM – 240 Masehi</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Kekaisaran Sasania</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 224–651</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Zarmihri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Zarmihri (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Zarmihri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> Abad VI – 785</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Qarinwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Qarinwan (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Qarini</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 550an – Abad XI</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="#REDIRECT_Sejarah_Iran#Abad_Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Persia_oleh_Muslim" title="Penaklukan Persia oleh Muslim">Penaklukan Persia oleh Muslim</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 633-644</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin">Kekhalifahan Rasyidin</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 632-661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Kekhalifahan Umayyah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah">Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Dabuyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Dabuyi (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Dabuyi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 642–760</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Bawandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Bawandi (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Bawandi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 651–1349</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Masmughan_dari_Damawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Masmughan dari Damawan (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Masmughan dari Damawan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 651–760</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Paduspani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Paduspani (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Paduspani</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 665–1598</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Justani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Justani (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Justani</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 791 – Abad XI</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Alawiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Alawiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Alawi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 864 – Abad XIV</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Tahiriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Tahiriyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Tahiri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 821–873</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Samaniyah" title="Dinasti Samaniyah">Kekaisaran Samania</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 819–999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Saffariyah" title="Dinasti Saffariyah">Wangsa Saffari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 861–1003</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Ghuriyah" title="Dinasti Ghuriyah">Wangsa Ghuri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> pra-879 – 1141</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Sajiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Sajiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Saji</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 889–929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Sallariyah" title="Dinasti Sallariyah">Wangsa Sallari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 919–1062</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Ziyariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Ziyariyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Ziyari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 930–1090</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_Ilyas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Ilyas (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Ilyasi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 932–968</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Buwaihi" title="Dinasti Buwaihi">Wangsa Buwaihi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 934–1062</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznawiyah" title="Ghaznawiyah">Kekaisaran Ghaznawia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 977–1186</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Kakuyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Kakuyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Kakuyi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1008-1141</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Nasriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Nasriyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Nasri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1029-1236</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Seljuk_Raya" title="Kesultanan Seljuk Raya">Kekaisaran Seljuk</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1037–1194</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Khwarezmia" title="Kekaisaran Khwarezmia">Kekaisaran Khwarezmia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1077–1231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Eldiguziyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Eldiguziyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Eldiguzi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1135–1225</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Atabeg_dari_Yazd" title="Atabeg dari Yazd">Wangsa Atabeg dari Yazd</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1141–1319</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Salghuriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Salghuriyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Salghuri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1148–1282</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Hazaraspiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Hazaraspiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Hazaraspi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1155–1424</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Mihrabaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Mihrabaniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Mihrabani</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1236–1537</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Kurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Kurt (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinasti Kurt</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1244–1396</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanat" title="Ilkhanat">Kekaisaran Ilkhan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1256–1335</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Cobaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Cobaniyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Cobani</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1335–1357</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Muzaffariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Muzaffariyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Muzaffari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1335–1393</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Jalayiriyah" title="Dinasti Jalayiriyah">Wangsa Jalayiri</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1337–1376</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarbadar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarbadar (halaman belum tersedia)">Sarbadar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1337–1376</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Inju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Inju (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Inju</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1335–1357</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Afrasiyab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Afrasiyab (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Afrasiyab</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1349–1504</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marasyiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marasyiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Marasyiyah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1359–1596</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Timuriyah" title="Kekaisaran Timuriyah">Kekaisaran Timuriyah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1370–1507</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Kia%27iyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Kia'iyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wangsa Kia'i</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1389–1592</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1406–1468</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Ak Koyunlu</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1468–1508</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="#REDIRECT_Sejarah_Iran#Permulaan_Zaman_Moderen_(1502–1925)">Awal Zaman Moderen</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">Wangsa Safawi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1501–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> (<a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Hotak" title="Dinasti Hotak">Wangsa Hotaki</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <i>1722–1729</i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Afshariyah" title="Dinasti Afshariyah">Wangsa Afsyari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1736–1796</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekhanan_Talisy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekhanan Talisy (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekhanan Talisy</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1747–1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Zand" title="Dinasti Zand">Wangsa Zandi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1750–1794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" title="Dinasti Qajar">Wangsa Qajari</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1789–1925</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;"><a href="#REDIRECT_Sejarah_Iran#Zaman_Pahlewi_(1925–1979)">Zaman Moderen</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Pahlavi" title="Dinasti Pahlavi">Wangsa Pahlewi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1925–1979</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintah_Iran_Sementara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintah Iran Sementara (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintah Iran Sementara</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1979–1980</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Republik Islam Iran</a></td><td style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> 1980–Sekarang</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;">Artikel Terkait</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nama_Iran_dan_Persia" title="Nama Iran dan Persia">Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Persia">Monarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ekonomi_Iran" title="Sejarah ekonomi Iran">Sejarah Perekonomian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_militer_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah militer Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Kemiliteran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perang_yang_melibatkan_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perang yang melibatkan Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Peperangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linimasa_sejarah_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linimasa sejarah Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Linimasa</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Sejarah_Iran" title="Templat:Sejarah Iran"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Sejarah_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Sejarah Iran (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sejarah_Iran&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Artahsasta II digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_III" title="Artahsasta III">Artahsasta III</a> pada tahun 358 SM. Menurut Plutarkhos, Artahsasta III berkuasa setelah membunuh delapan saudara tirinya, untuk mengamankan takhtanya.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 343 SM Artahsasta III mengalahkan Nektanebo II, mengusirnya dari <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir</a>, dan kembali menjadi Mesir sebagai bagian dari Kekaisaran Iran. Masa kekuasaan Iran yang kedua di Mesir ini disebut sebagai dinasti ketiga puluh satu Mesir.<sup id="cite_ref-e_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Catatan 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 338 SM Artahsasta III meninggal karena sebab yang tak jelas. Menurut kuneiform dia mati karena sebab alami namun menurut <a href="/wiki/Diodoros_Sikolos" title="Diodoros Sikolos">Diodoros</a>, seorang sejarawan Yunani, dia dibunuh oleh <a href="/wiki/Bagoas" title="Bagoas">Bagoas</a>, salah seorang menterinya.<sup id="cite_ref-a3dead_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a3dead-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artahsasta III digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_IV" title="Artahsasta IV">Artahsasta IV Arses</a>, yang juga diracuni oleh Bagoas sebelum sempat mulai memerintah. Lebih jauh lagi, Bagoas membunuh semua anak Arses, serta banyak pangeran di Persia. Bagoas lalu menempatkan <a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a> (336–330 SM), keponakan Artahsasta IV, sebagai raja Persia. Setelah berkuasa, Darius yang sebelumnya merupakan satrap Armenia, secara pribadi memerintahkan Bagoas meminum racun. Pada tahun 334 SM, tidak lama setelah Darius menguasai Mesir kembali, <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a> dan pasukannya yang telah banyak bertempur <a href="/wiki/Perang_Aleksander_Agung" title="Perang Aleksander Agung">menginvasi Asia Kecil</a>. Aleksander meneruskan rencanan ayahnya, Filipus, yang keburu meninggal sebelum sempat melaksanakan rencana invasinya. </p><p>Setelah menyeberang ke Asia Kecil, Aleksander mengalahkan pasukan Persia pada <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Granikos" title="Pertempuran Granikos">Pertempuran Granikos</a> (334 SM), disusul oleh <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Issos" title="Pertempuran Issos">Pertempuran Issos</a> (333 SM), dan yang terakhir pada <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Gaugamela" title="Pertempuran Gaugamela">Pertempuran Gaugamela</a> (331 SM). Setelah itu dia berarak menuju <a href="/wiki/Susa" class="mw-disambig" title="Susa">Susa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Parsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsa">Parsa</a>, yang menyerah pada awal 330 SM. Dari sana, Aleksander Agung bergerak ke utara menuju Pasargadae dan mengunjungi makam Koresy Agung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuil, meskipun berfungsi untuk tujuan keagamaan, namun berguna juga sebagai sumber penghasilan. Terilhami oleh para raja Babilonia, Persia menerapkan konsep pajak kuil wajib, yaitu bahwa semua penduduk harus membayar sejumlah besar pajak atau zakat kepada kuil di daerah mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toleransi beragama telah digambarkan sebagai "karakteristik luar biasa" dari Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (kitab suci Yahudi) melaporkan bahwa Koresy Agung membebaskan bangsa Yahudi dari penawanan mereka di Babilonia pada tahun 539–530 SM, dan mengizinkan mereka untuk kembali ke tanah air mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koresy Agung juga membantu pemulihan tempat-tempat suci di berbagai kota.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama periode Akhemeniyah, agama <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a> mencapai Iran Barat Daya dan diterima oleh para penguasa, menjadi elemen penentu budaya Persia. Agama tersebut tidak hanya disertai dengan formalisasi konsep dan keilahian dari <a href="/wiki/Panteon" title="Panteon">panteon</a> tradisional Iran, tetapi juga memperkenalkan beberapa ide baru, termasuk ajaran mengenai kehendak bebas.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bawah perlindungan raja-raja Akhemeniyah, dan sebagai <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Agama_negara" title="Agama negara">agama negara</a> pada abad ke-5 SM, Zoroastrianisme mencapai seluruh penjuru kekaisaran. </p><p>Selama masa pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_I" title="Artahsasta I">Artahsasta I</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a>, Herodotos menulis "[bangsa Persia] tidak memiliki gambar dewa, tidak ada kuil atau altar, dan menganggap penggunaannya sebagai tanda kebodohan. Saya pikir ini berasal dari ketidakpercayaan mereka bahwa para dewa memiliki sifat yang sama dengan manusia, seperti yang dibayangkan orang Yunani."<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.131_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotos,_I.131-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia mengklaim bahwa orang Persia mempersembahkan korban kepada "matahari dan bulan, ke bumi, ke api, ke air, dan ke angin. Ini adalah satu-satunya dewa yang pemujaannya telah turun kepada mereka dari zaman kuno. Pada periode berikutnya, mereka memulai penyembahan <a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a>, yang mereka pinjam dari orang Arab dan Asyur. <a href="/wiki/Mullissu" title="Mullissu">Mylitta</a> adalah nama yang digunakan orang Asyur untuk dewi ini dan bangsa Persia menyebutnya sebagai Anahita."<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.131_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotos,_I.131-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sarjana-imam Babilonia Berosus mencatat bahwa <a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_II" title="Artahsasta II">Artahsasta II</a> adalah orang pertama yang membuat patung dewa dan menempatkannya di kuil-kuil di banyak kota besar kekaisaran.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berosus juga mendukung Herodotos ketika dia mengatakan bahwa bangsa Persia tidak mengenal gambar dewa sampai Artahsasta II mendirikan gambar tersebut. Tentang sarana pengorbanan, Herodotos menambahkan "mereka tidak mengangkat mezbah, tidak menyalakan api, tidak menuangkan persembahan."<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.132_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotos,_I.132-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pernyataan ini ditafsirkan menunjukkan sebuah penambahan penting pada Zoroastrianisme. Sebuah altar dengan kayu bakar dan ritual Yasna dengan menuangkan minuman persembahan diidentifikasi sebagai bagian dari Zoroastrianisme modern. Praktik tersebut tampaknya belum berkembang pada pertengahan abad ke-5. Boyce juga menetapkan perkembangan itu pada masa pemerintahan Artahsasta II (abad ke-4 SM), sebagai tanggapan ortodoks terhadap inovasi kultus kuil. </p><p>Herodotos juga mengamati bahwa "tidak ada doa atau persembahan yang dapat dilakukan tanpa kehadiran <a href="/wiki/Majus" title="Majus">majus</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.132_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotos,_I.132-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun majus bukanlah pendeta Zoroaster sebagaimana pengertian modern. Keterangan dari Herodotos yang menyatakan bahwa majus sebagai salah satu suku atau kasta Media juga tidak menyiratkan bahwa orang majus ini adalah orang Media. Mereka hanyalah posisi imamat atau kependetaan turun-temurun yang dapat ditemukan di seluruh Iran Barat dan meskipun awalnya tidak terkait dengan satu agama tertentu, mereka secara tradisional bertanggung jawab atas semua layanan ritual dan keagamaan. Meskipun majus diidentifikasikan dengan Zoroastrianisme pada zaman setelahnya (masa Sassaniyah, abad ke-3-7 M), diketahui dari keterangan Herodotos mengenai majus pada pertengahan abad ke-5 bahwa Zoroastrianisme tunduk pada modifikasi doktrinal yang saat ini dianggap sebagai pencabutan ajaran asli nabi. Juga, banyak praktik ritual yang dijelaskan dalam Vendidad <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a> (seperti pengungkapan orang mati) sudah dipraktikkan oleh majus zaman Herodotos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wanita">Wanita</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Wanita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Wanita"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kedudukan wanita di Iran masa Akhemeniyah berbeda-beda, tergantung dari tiap budaya dan wilayahnya. Kedudukan wanita Iran di Iran sebenarnya secara tradisional telah dijelaskan dari rujukan mitologis <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a> dan sumber-sumber Yunani Kuno, tetapi tidak satupun dari sumber tersebut yang sepenuhnya dapat diandalkan lantaran perincian yang kadang bias. Rujukan yang paling dapat diandalkan adalah arkeologi Tablet Benteng <a href="/wiki/Parsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsa">Parsa</a> (PFT, <i>Persepolis Fortification Tablets</i>) yang menggambarkan kedudukan wanita, dari anggota keluarga kaisar hingga buruh penerima jatah makanan di Parsa.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kedudukan para wanita tergantung hubungan kekerabatan masing-masing mereka dengan raja diraja. <a href="/wiki/Ibu_suri" title="Ibu suri">Ibu suri</a> atau ibunda raja diraja (bahasa Elam: <i>sunki ammari</i>) menempati kedudukan tertinggi dalam hierarki para wanita istana, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Permaisuri" title="Permaisuri">istri</a> (<i>sunki irtiri</i>), putri (<i>sunki pakri</i>), selir, dan wanita istana lain.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaisar biasanya menikahi seorang wanita anggota keluarga kaisar atau seorang wanita bangsawan Iran yang masih memiliki hubungan dengan seorang satrap (gubernur) atau tokoh penting Iran lainnya. Pernikahan juga diizinkan bagi anggota keluarga kaisar untuk menikahi kerabat, tetapi tidak ada bukti pernikahan antara anggota keluarga dekat selain antara saudara tiri.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selir sering kali berupa budak, terkadang tawanan perang, atau putri dari negara lain yang tidak dinikahi secara resmi karena status mereka sebagai orang asing, sehingga anak-anak mereka pada dasarnya tidak berhak mewarisi takhta.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumber-sumber Yunani mendakwa kaisar memiliki ratusan selir yang dipingit di <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a>, tetapi tidak ada bukti arkeologis yang mendukung keberadaan harem, atau pemingitan wanita dari kontak dengan pria di istana Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para wanita istana bergabung dengan kaisar saat sarapan dan makan malam dan menemaninya dalam perjalanannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka mungkin telah berpartisipasi dalam perburuan istana, serta selama perjamuan resmi. Herodotos menceritakan mengenai utusan Iran di istana Makedonia menuntut kehadiran wanita selama jamuan makan karena merupakan kebiasaan bagi wanita untuk berpartisipasi dalam jamuan makan di negara mereka sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permaisuri mungkin telah menghadiri audiensi kaisar, dan bukti arkeologis menunjukkan bahwa dia juga memberikan audiensi sendiri, setidaknya untuk kalangan wanita.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanita istana dan bangsawan dapat melakukan perjalanan sendiri, ditemani oleh pelayan pria dan wanita, memiliki dan mengelola kekayaan, tanah, dan bisnis mereka sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggambaran wanita Iran menunjukkan mereka dengan gaun panjang dan kerudung yang rebah di belakang kepala sebagai hiasan, tidak menutupi wajah atau rambut mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanita istana dan bangsawan Akhemeniyah diberi pendidikan dalam mata pelajaran yang tampaknya tidak cocok dengan pemingitan, seperti menunggang kuda dan memanah.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanita istana dan bangsawan memegang dan mengelola perkebunan dan bengkel yang luas dan mempekerjakan banyak pelayan dan buruh profesional.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka tampaknya juga tidak hidup terpisah dari pria, karena diketahui bahwa mereka muncul di depan umum dan bepergian dengan suami mereka,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berpartisipasi dalam berburu<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan dalam pesta.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setidaknya istri utama dari seorang pria keluarga kaisar atau bangsawan tidak hidup dalam pengasingan, seperti yang dinyatakan dengan jelas bahwa istri biasanya menemani suami mereka di jamuan makan malam, meskipun mereka meninggalkan jamuan ketika "wanita penghibur" masuk dan laki-laki mulai "bergembira".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tidak ada wanita yang secara resmi memerintah negara pada masa Akhemeniyah, baik sebagai <a href="/wiki/Maharani" title="Maharani">maharani</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wali_penguasa" title="Wali penguasa">wali resmi</a>. Meski demikian, beberapa kerabat raja diraja memiliki pengaruh besar dalam pemerintahan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Atosa" title="Atosa">Atosa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Parysatis" title="Parysatis">Parysatis</a>. Tidak ada bukti adanya perempuan yang dipekerjakan sebagai pejabat di pemerintahan atau dalam pelayanan keagamaan, tetapi ada banyak bukti arkeologis tentang perempuan yang dipekerjakan sebagai pekerja bebas di Parsa bersama laki-laki.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perempuan dapat dipekerjakan sebagai pemimpin angkatan kerja mereka, yang dikenal dengan sebutan <i>arraššara pašabena</i>, yang kemudian diberi gaji yang lebih tinggi daripada pekerja laki-laki dari angkatan kerja mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara pekerja perempuan diberi lebih sedikit daripada laki-laki, pekerja yang memenuhi syarat dalam kerajinan diberi upah yang sama terlepas dari jenis kelaminnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_raja_wangsa_Akhemeniyah">Daftar raja wangsa Akhemeniyah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar raja wangsa Akhemeniyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar raja wangsa Akhemeniyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belum_terbukti">Belum terbukti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Belum terbukti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Belum terbukti"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><ul><li>Akhaimenes atau Akhemenes (leluhur wangsa Akhemeniyah)</li></ul></dd> <dd><small><i>Bukti epigrafi raja-raja ini tidak dapat dipastikan dan dianggap rekaan raja <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></i></small> <ul><li>Ariaramnes, putra Teispes dan memerintah bersama Koresy I</li> <li>Arsames, putra Ariaramnes dan memerintah bersama Kambises I</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudah_terbukti">Sudah terbukti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Sudah terbukti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sudah terbukti"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Raja Persia, sebagai penguasa bawahan dari wangsa Media yang menjadi Raja Diraja Iran</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Masa Kekuasaan (SM) </th> <th>Keterangan </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Teispes</b> </td> <td>abad ke-7 </td> <td>putra Akhemenes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Koresy I</b> </td> <td>Akhir abad ke-7/awal abad ke-6 </td> <td>putra Teispes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kambisus I</b> </td> <td>awal abad ke-6 </td> <td>putra Koresy I </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy II (Agung)</a></b> </td> <td>559-550 SM </td> <td>putra Kambisus I dan Mandana </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raja Diraja Iran</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama<br />Gelar </th> <th>Masa Kekuasaan </th> <th width="40%">Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Koresy_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koresy Agung">Koresy Agung</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Raja Persia, Raja Ansyan, Raja <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Mede" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Mede">Media</a>, Raja <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a>, Raja <a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Akkadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadia">Akkadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Empat_Penjuru" title="Raja Empat Penjuru">Raja Empat Penjuru Dunia</a></span> </td> <td align="center">550–530 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Raja Diraja Iran pertama dari Persia</li> <li>Cucu Astyages</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Kambisus_II" title="Kambisus II">Kambisus II</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, <a href="/wiki/Firaun" title="Firaun">Firaun Mesir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesir_Hulu_dan_Hilir" title="Mesir Hulu dan Hilir">Raja Mesir Hulu dan Hilir</a>)</span> </td> <td align="center">530 – Juli 522 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Koresy Agung</li> <li>Penguasa Akhemeniyah pertama yang menjadi Firaun Mesir</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">522 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Koresy Agung, saudara Kambisus II</li> <li>Sebagian menyatakan bahwa dia adalah seorang magus bernama Gaumata yang mengaku sebagai Bardiya</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">29 September 522 – Oktober 486 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Suami Atosa, putri Koresy Agung</li> <li>Satu-satunya Raja Diraja Iran dari Dinasti Akhemeniyah yang bukan keturunan Koresy Agung</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">Oktober 486 – Agustus 465 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Darius I dan Atosa</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_I" title="Artahsasta I">Artahsasta I</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">465–424 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Xerxes I</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes II">Xerxes II</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">424 SM (45 hari)<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Juga diklaim oleh Sogdyana dan Darius II</span></i> </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Artahsasta I</li> <li>Hanya diakui di Persia</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Sogdyana" title="Sogdyana">Sogdyana</a></b></big><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">424–423 SM<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Juga diklaim oleh Xerxes II (424 SM) dan Darius II</span></i> </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Artahsasta I</li> <li>Hanya diakui di Elam dan Persia</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Ochus<br /><big><b>Darius II</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">423–404 SM<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Juga diklaim oleh Xerxes II (424 SM) dan Sogdyana (424–423 SM)</span></i> </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Artahsasta I</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_II" title="Artahsasta II">Arsames<br /><big><b>Artahsasta II</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja</span> </td> <td align="center">404–358 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Darius II</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_III" title="Artahsasta III">Ochus<br /><big><b>Artahsasta III</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">358–338 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Artahsasta II</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Artahsasta_IV" title="Artahsasta IV">Arsyaka<br /><big><b>Artahsasta IV</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">338–336 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Putra Artahsasta III</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Artasyiata<br /><big><b>Darius III</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja, Firaun Mesir</span> </td> <td align="center">336–330 SM </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Cicit Darius II</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Besos" title="Besos">Besos<br /><big><b>Artahsasta V</b></big></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Raja Diraja</span> </td> <td align="center">330–329 SM<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Juga diklaim oleh Aleksander Agung</span></i> </td> <td align="center"> <ul><li>Kerabat Darius III</li> <li>Banyak sejarawan tidak memasukkannya sebagai daftar penguasa Iran lantaran saat Darius III mangkat, Aleksander sudah menguasai sebagian besar wilayah Akhemeniyah, termasuk ibu kota Parsa</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keterangan">Keterangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Keterangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pada dua masa berbeda, Persia menguasai Mesir meskipun dua kali Mesir berhasil meraih kemerdekaan sementara dari Persia. Setelah praktik <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Mesri_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Mesri kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarawan Mesir</a> menyebut periode kekuasaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Mesir_Akhaimenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Mesir Akhaimenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Persia di Mesir</a> sebagai dinasti kedua puluh tujuh Mesir, berlangsung pada tahun 525–404 SM, hingag kematian II, dan dinasti ketiga puluh satu Mesir, berlangsung pada tahun 343–332 SM, yang dimulai setelah Nektanebo II dikalahkan oleh Artaxerxes III.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josef Wiesehöfer, <i>Ancient Persia</i>, (I.B. Tauris Ltd, 2007), 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harald Kittel, Juliane House, Brigitte Schultze (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=oD0dBqGDNscC&pg=PA1194&dq=Old+Persian+official+language+of+achaemenid+empire#v=onepage&q=Old%20Persian%20official%20language%20of%20achaemenid%20empire&f=false"><i>Traduction: encyclopédie internationale de la recherche sur la traduction</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 1194–5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-017145-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-017145-7">978-3-11-017145-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traduction%3A+encyclop%C3%A9die+internationale+de+la+recherche+sur+la+traduction&rft.pages=1194-5&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017145-7&rft.au=Harald+Kittel%2C+Juliane+House%2C+Brigitte+Schultze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DoD0dBqGDNscC%26pg%3DPA1194%26dq%3DOld%2BPersian%2Bofficial%2Blanguage%2Bof%2Bachaemenid%2Bempire%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DOld%2520Persian%2520official%2520language%2520of%2520achaemenid%2520empire%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mojtahed-Zadeh-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mojtahed-Zadeh_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography</i> by Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, page 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Sacks, Oswyn Murray, Lisa R. Brody (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=yyrao0dadqAC&pg=PA256&dq=perseus+father+of+persian#v=onepage&q=perseus%20father%20of%20persian&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 256 (at the right portion of the page). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8160-5722-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8160-5722-1">978-0-8160-5722-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+ancient+Greek+world&rft.pages=256+%28at+the+right+portion+of+the+page%29&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5722-1&rft.au=David+Sacks%2C+Oswyn+Murray%2C+Lisa+R.+Brody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dyyrao0dadqAC%26pg%3DPA256%26dq%3Dperseus%2Bfather%2Bof%2Bpersian%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dperseus%2520father%2520of%2520persian%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aedeen Cremin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=A0llBlzF6UgC&pg=PA224"><i>Archaeologica: The World's Most Significant Sites and Cultural Treasures</i></a>. Global Book Publishing Pty Ltd. hlm. 224. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7112-2822-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7112-2822-1">978-0-7112-2822-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeologica%3A+The+World%27s+Most+Significant+Sites+and+Cultural+Treasures&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Global+Book+Publishing+Pty+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7112-2822-1&rft.au=Aedeen+Cremin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA0llBlzF6UgC%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Juni 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schmitt-EI-i-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schmitt-EI-i_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#refachaemenids-EI">Schmitt</a> Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pierre Briant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=lxQ9W6F1oSYC&pg=PA1&dq=Origin+of+the+Achaemenids#v=onepage&q=Origin%20of%20the%20Achaemenids&f=false"><i>From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. hlm. 1–3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-57506-120-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-57506-120-7">978-1-57506-120-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Cyrus+to+Alexander%3A+A+History+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-120-7&rft.au=Pierre+Briant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DlxQ9W6F1oSYC%26pg%3DPA1%26dq%3DOrigin%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAchaemenids%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DOrigin%2520of%2520the%2520Achaemenids%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ulrich-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ulrich_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ulrich Wilcken (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=WiSZM-LYsk4C&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=Alexander+admiration+of+cyrus#v=onepage&q=Alexander%20admiration%20of%20cyrus&f=false"><i>Alexander the Great</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. hlm. 146. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-393-00381-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-393-00381-9">978-0-393-00381-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-393-00381-9&rft.au=Ulrich+Wilcken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWiSZM-LYsk4C%26pg%3DPA146%26lpg%3DPA146%26dq%3DAlexander%2Badmiration%2Bof%2Bcyrus%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAlexander%2520admiration%2520of%2520cyrus%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Margaret Christina Miller (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=oGXMMD5rXBQC&pg=PA243&dq=importance+of+Achaemenid+in+Iranian+culture#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century B.C.: A Study in Cultural Receptivity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 243. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-60758-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-60758-2">978-0-521-60758-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athens+and+Persia+in+the+Fifth+Century+B.C.%3A+A+Study+in+Cultural+Receptivity&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-60758-2&rft.au=Margaret+Christina+Miller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DoGXMMD5rXBQC%26pg%3DPA243%26dq%3Dimportance%2Bof%2BAchaemenid%2Bin%2BIranian%2Bculture%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arrian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book7a.asp"><i>Anabasis Alexandri</i> VII, 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plut.+Caes.+45.1"><i>Alexander,</i> 45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Sarah Stewart (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=a0IF9IdkdYEC&pg=PA7&dq=Iranian+identity+and+Cyrus+the+Great#v=onepage&q=Iranian%20identity%20and%20Cyrus%20the%20Great&f=false"><i>Birth of the Persian Empire</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84511-062-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84511-062-8">978-1-84511-062-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birth+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-062-8&rft.au=Vesta+Sarkhosh+Curtis%2C+Sarah+Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Da0IF9IdkdYEC%26pg%3DPA7%26dq%3DIranian%2Bidentity%2Band%2BCyrus%2Bthe%2BGreat%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DIranian%2520identity%2520and%2520Cyrus%2520the%2520Great%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 4 of <cite class="citation book">Mays, L. (30 August 2010). <i>Ancient Water Technologies</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-481-8631-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-481-8631-0">978-90-481-8631-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Water+Technologies&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.isbn=978-90-481-8631-0&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yarshater (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WBAZAQAAIAAJ&q=%28Meyer+p.85%29">1996, p. 47</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cook_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While estimates for the Achaemenid Empire range from 10-80+ million, most prefer 50 million. Prevas (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=1S-Q-6jDZ7AC&pg=PA14">2009, p. 14</a>) estimates 10 million. Strauss (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nQFtMcD5dOsC&pg=PA37">2004, p. 37</a>) estimates about 20 million. Ward (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8eUTLaaVOOQC&pg=PA16">2009, p. 16</a>) estimates at 20 million. Scheidel (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6vnkts2rOJUC&pg=PA99">2009, p. 99</a>) estimates 35 million. Daniel (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=AzqbYf9Q_2UC&pg=PA41">2001, p. 41</a>) estimates at 50 million. Meyer and Andreades (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Uwn9d01zMvAC&pg=PA58">2004, p. 58</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak April 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup>) estimates to 50 million. Jones (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=75ueY2rqTYMC&pg=PA8">2004, p. 8</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak April 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup>) estimates over 50 million. Richard (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=toJI-Z_WAC0C&pg=PA34">2008, p. 34</a>) estimates nearly 70 million. Hanson (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6p5mAAAAMAAJ">2001, p. 32</a>) estimates almost 75 million. Cowley (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=l6JmAAAAMAAJ">1999 and 2001, p. 17</a>) estimates possibly 80 million.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/worldhis.php">http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/worldhis.php</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enc_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enc_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jamie Stokes (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA2&dq=origin+of+achaemenid+empire+origin#v=onepage&q=origin%20of%20achaemenid%20empire%20origin&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. hlm. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8160-7158-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8160-7158-6">978-0-8160-7158-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7158-6&rft.au=Jamie+Stokes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dstl97FdyRswC%26pg%3DPA2%26dq%3Dorigin%2Bof%2Bachaemenid%2Bempire%2Borigin%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dorigin%2520of%2520achaemenid%2520empire%2520origin%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotos, <i>Historia</i> 1.101 & 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallory, J.P. (1989), In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth, London: Thames & Hudson.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Willis Mason West (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=168XAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA137&dq=ionian+revolt+Persia#v=onepage&q=ionian%20revolt%20Persia&f=false"><i>The ancient world from the earliest times to 800 A.D.</i></a> Allyn and Bacon. hlm. 137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ancient+world+from+the+earliest+times+to+800+A.D.&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Allyn+and+Bacon&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Willis+Mason+West&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D168XAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA137%26dq%3Dionian%2Brevolt%2BPersia%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dionian%2520revolt%2520Persia%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|note=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoschander, Jacob. "The Book of Esther in the Light of History: Chapter IV", The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jul., 1919), pp. 87–88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a3dead-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a3dead_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chr. Walker, "Achaemenid Chronology and the Babylonian Sources," in: John Curtis (ed.), <i>Mesopotamia and Iran in the Persian Period: Conquest and Imperialism, 539-331 B.C.</i> (London 1997), page 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandamaev & Lukonin, 1989:361–362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fisher, William Bayne; Gershevitch, I. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBbyr932QdYC&lpg=PA412"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 412. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-20091-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-20091-2">978-0-521-20091-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20091-2&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William+Bayne&rft.au=Gershevitch%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBbyr932QdYC%26lpg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510013551/http://www.kingjamesbibletrust.org/the-king-james-bible/ezra">"Book of Ezra | King James Bible"</a>. Kingjamesbibletrust.org. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingjamesbibletrust.org/the-king-james-bible/ezra">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Ezra+%26%23124%3B+King+James+Bible&rft.pub=Kingjamesbibletrust.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibletrust.org%2Fthe-king-james-bible%2Fezra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">A. V. Williams Jackson (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GFa3HZZc87AC"><i>Zoroastrian Studies: The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs (1928)</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. hlm. 224. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7661-6655-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7661-6655-4">978-0-7661-6655-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoroastrian+Studies%3A+The+Iranian+Religion+and+Various+Monographs+%281928%29&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-6655-4&rft.au=A.+V.+Williams+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGFa3HZZc87AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Virginia Schomp (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U21j7vDhCCIC"><i>The Ancient Persians</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. hlm. 24. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7614-4218-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7614-4218-9">978-0-7614-4218-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Persians&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-4218-9&rft.au=Virginia+Schomp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU21j7vDhCCIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herodotos,_I.131-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.131_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.131_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotos, I.131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berosus, III.65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herodotos,_I.132-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.132_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herodotos,_I.132_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotos, I.132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maria_Brosius-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maria_Brosius_32-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Brosius, “WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia”, Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2021, available at WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia (accessed on 26 January 2021). Originally Published: January 1, 2000. Last Updated: March 15, 2010. Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1996- <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i">https://iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Ctesias, frg. 16 (56) in Jacoby, Fragmente III/C, hlm. 471)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/harem-i">"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fharem-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKekaisaran+Akhemeniyah" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Brosius, Maria, Women in ancient Persia (559-331 BC), Oxford, 1996. hlm. 125-182)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Brosius, Maria, Women in ancient Persia (559-331 BC), Oxford, 1996. hlm. 83-93)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Heracleides of Cyme apud Athenaeus, 514b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Brosius, Maria, Women in ancient Persia (559-331 BC), Oxford, 1996. hlm. 94-977)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Plutarch, Moralia, 140B)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kekaisaran" title="Templat:Kekaisaran"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kekaisaran" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kekaisaran"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kekaisaran&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sejarah_imperium-imperium_dunia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sejarah <a href="/wiki/Daftar_kekaisaran_yang_pernah_ada_di_dunia" title="Daftar kekaisaran yang pernah ada di dunia">imperium-imperium</a> dunia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperium kuno</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akkadia" title="Kekaisaran Akkadia">Akkadia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Baru_Mesir" title="Kerajaan Baru Mesir">Mesir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Asiria_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Asiria Baru">Asiria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Babilonia_Baru" title="Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru">Babilonia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Aksum" title="Kekaisaran Aksum">Aksum</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Het" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Het">Het</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Persia</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Mede" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Mede">Media</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akhemeniyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Parthia">Parthia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Sasaniyah</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></small> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia">Makedonia</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Ptolemaik" title="Kerajaan Ptolemaik">Ptolemaik</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Seleukia" title="Kekaisaran Seleukia">Seleukia</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kartago_Kuno" title="Kartago Kuno">Kartago</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_India" title="Sejarah India">India</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Nanda">Nanda</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Maurya" title="Kekaisaran Maurya">Maurya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sunga" title="Kekaisaran Sunga">Sunga</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Satavahana">Satavahana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Kushan" title="Kekaisaran Kushan">Kushan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Gupta" title="Kemaharajaan Gupta">Gupta</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Tiongkok" title="Sejarah Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qin" title="Dinasti Qin">Qin</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Han" title="Dinasti Han">Han</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Jin_(265-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Jin (265-420)">Jin</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Romawi</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Barat" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Barat">Romawi Barat</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Timur" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Timur">Romawi Timur</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhaganan_Rouran" title="Kekhaganan Rouran">Nirun</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperium abad pertengahan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Ayyubiyah" title="Dinasti Ayyubiyah">Ayyubiyyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Timur" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Timur">Byzantium</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Hun" title="Kekaisaran Hun">Hun</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk" title="Göktürk">Turk</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Turk" title="Kekhanan Turk">Turk</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekhanan_Turk_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekhanan Turk Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Timur</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Turk_Barat" title="Kekhanan Turk Barat">Barat</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Khilafah" title="Khilafah">Arab</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin">Rasyidin</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Umayyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah">Abbasiyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Fathimiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah">Fathimiyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Kordoba" title="Kekhalifahan Kordoba">Kordoba</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Maroko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Maroko (halaman belum tersedia)">Maroko</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisiyyah">Idrisiyah</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Murabithun" title="Murabithun">Murabithun</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Muwahhidun" title="Muwahhidun">Muwahhidun</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Banu_Marin" title="Banu Marin">Mariniyah</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_India" title="Sejarah India">India</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Pala" title="Dinasti Pala">Pala</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Chola">Chola</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Delhi" title="Kesultanan Delhi">Delhi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Wijayanagara" title="Kemaharajaan Wijayanagara">Wijayanagara</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Persia</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Tahiriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Tahiriyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahiriyah</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Samaniyah" title="Dinasti Samaniyah">Samaniyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Buwayhiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Buwayhiyah">Buwayhiyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Saffariyah" title="Dinasti Saffariyah">Saffariyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Ziyariyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Ziyariyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Ziyariyah</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></small> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznawiyah" title="Ghaznawiyah">Ghaznawiyah</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Benin">Benin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Seljuk_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Seljuk Raya">Seljuk</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Oyo">Oyo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bornu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Bornu">Bornu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Khwarezmia" title="Kekaisaran Khwarezmia">Khwarezmia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Timuriyah" title="Kekaisaran Timuriyah">Timuriyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Mongolia">Mongol</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Yuan" title="Dinasti Yuan">Yuan</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ulus_Jochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulus Jochi">Jochi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Chagatai" title="Kekhanan Chagatai">Chagatai</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanat" title="Ilkhanat">Kekhanan Il</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Kanem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Kanem">Kanem</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Serbia" title="Kekaisaran Serbia">Serbia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Songhai" title="Kekaisaran Songhai">Songhai</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Khmer" title="Kerajaan Khmer">Khmer</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Karoling" title="Kekaisaran Karoling">Karoling</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Suci" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Suci">Romawi Suci</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Angevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Angevin">Angevin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mali" title="Kekaisaran Mali">Mali</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Tiongkok" title="Sejarah Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Sui" title="Dinasti Sui">Sui</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Tang" title="Dinasti Tang">Tang</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Song" title="Dinasti Song">Song</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Yuan" title="Dinasti Yuan">Yuan</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Tibet" title="Kekaisaran Tibet">Tibet</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Uighur" title="Kekhanan Uighur">Uighur</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Ghana" title="Kekaisaran Ghana">Ghana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Persekutuan_Tiga_Kaum_Aztek" title="Persekutuan Tiga Kaum Aztek">Aztek</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Inka" title="Kerajaan Inka">Inka</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sriwijaya" title="Sriwijaya">Sriwijaya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Zagwe" title="Dinasti Zagwe">Zagwe</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Salomo" title="Dinasti Salomo">Salomo</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Aceh" title="Kesultanan Aceh">Aceh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Brunei" title="Kekaisaran Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Vietnam" title="Sejarah Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dai_Viet" title="Dai Viet">Dai Viet</a></small>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga" title="Imperium Tuʻi Tonga">Tonga</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Melaka" title="Kesultanan Melaka">Melaka</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Demak" title="Kesultanan Demak">Demak</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Mamluk_(Kairo)" title="Kesultanan Mamluk (Kairo)">Mamluk Mesir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Venesia" title="Republik Venesia">Venesia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Georgia" title="Kerajaan Georgia">Georgia</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperium modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Durrani" title="Kekaisaran Durrani">Afghan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_India" title="Sejarah India">India</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Mughal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaharajaan Mughal">Mughal</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Maratha">Maratha</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaharajaan Sikh">Sikh</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Mysore" title="Kerajaan Mysore">Mysore</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Tiongkok" title="Sejarah Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Ming" title="Dinasti Ming">Ming</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qing" title="Dinasti Qing">Qing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Tiongkok_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Kekaisaran Tiongkok (1915–1916)">Tiongkok</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Ternate" title="Kesultanan Ternate">Ternate</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Vietnam" title="Sejarah Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Nguyen" title="Dinasti Nguyen">Dai Nam</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Vietnam" title="Kekaisaran Vietnam">Vietnam</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Utsmaniyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Iran" title="Sejarah Iran">Persia</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">Safawiyah</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Afshariyah" title="Dinasti Afshariyah">Afshariyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Zand" title="Dinasti Zand">Zand</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qajar" title="Dinasti Qajar">Qajar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Pahlavi" title="Dinasti Pahlavi">Pahlavi</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"></span></small><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Cirebon" title="Kesultanan Cirebon">Cirebon</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Oman" title="Kekaisaran Oman">Oman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Johor" title="Kesultanan Johor">Johor</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Uzbekistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Uzbek</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Uzbek" title="Kekhanan Uzbek">Uzbek</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekhanan_Bukhara" title="Kekhanan Bukhara">Bukhara</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Syarifiyah_Maroko" title="Kekaisaran Syarifiyah Maroko">Maroko</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Saadi" title="Dinasti Saadi">Saadi</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Alawi" title="Dinasti Alawi">Alaouite</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Afrika_Tengah" title="Kekaisaran Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Portugis" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Portugis">Portugis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Spanyol" title="Imperium Spanyol">Spanyol</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Iberia" title="Uni Iberia">Iberia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Belanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Belanda">Belanda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Britania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Banten" title="Kesultanan Banten">Banten</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Mataram" title="Kesultanan Mataram">Mataram</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Prancis" title="Sejarah Prancis">Prancis</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Prancis_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Prancis Pertama">Napoleon Prancis</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_kolonial_Prancis" title="Imperium kolonial Prancis">Kolonial Prancis</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Austria" title="Kekaisaran Austria">Austria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Jerman</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Imperium_kolonial_Jerman" title="Imperium kolonial Jerman">Kolonial Jerman</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman Nazi</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Rusia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Swedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Swedia">Swedia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungaria" title="Austria-Hungaria">Austria-Hungaria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Brasil" title="Kekaisaran Brasil">Brasil</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Meksiko" title="Sejarah Meksiko">Meksiko</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Meksiko_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Meksiko Pertama">Pertama</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Meksiko_Kedua" title="Kekaisaran Meksiko Kedua">Kedua</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Haiti" title="Sejarah Haiti">Haiti</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Haiti_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Haiti Pertama">Pertama</a> <b>·</b></small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Haiti_Kedua" title="Kekaisaran Haiti Kedua">Kedua</a></span></small>) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Italia" title="Imperium Italia">Kolonial Italia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_kolonial_Belgia" title="Imperium kolonial Belgia">Kolonial Belgia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium_kolonial_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperium kolonial Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolonial Denmark</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norwegia" title="Denmark–Norwegia">Kolonial Norwegia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Korea" title="Kekaisaran Korea">Korea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Jepang">Jepang</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperium Adidaya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_imperium_terbesar" title="Daftar imperium terbesar">Imperium terbesar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kekuatan_Besar_kuno" title="Daftar Kekuatan Besar kuno">Kekuatan Besar kuno</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kekuatan_Besar_abad_pertengahan" title="Daftar Kekuatan Besar abad pertengahan">Kekuatan Besar abad pertengahan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kekuatan_Besar_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kekuatan Besar modern">Kekuatan Besar modern</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Imperium_kolonial" title="Imperium kolonial">Imperium kolonial</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div 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Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_kuno_Pakistan" title="Kategori:Sejarah kuno Pakistan">Sejarah kuno Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_kuno_Suriah" title="Kategori:Sejarah kuno Suriah">Sejarah kuno Suriah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Yunani_Kuno" title="Kategori:Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kategori:Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kategori:Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar 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