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<li id="toc-Pre-1624" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1624"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-1624</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1624-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_houses_on_the_site_(1624–1761)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_houses_on_the_site_(1624–1761)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First houses on the site (1624–1761)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_houses_on_the_site_(1624–1761)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Queen's_House_to_palace_(1761–1837)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Queen's_House_to_palace_(1761–1837)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>From Queen's House to palace (1761–1837)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Queen's_House_to_palace_(1761–1837)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_Victoria_(1837–1901)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_Victoria_(1837–1901)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Queen Victoria (1837–1901)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_Victoria_(1837–1901)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century_(1901–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century_(1901–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Early 20th century (1901–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century_(1901–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-20th_century_to_present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-20th_century_to_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Mid-20th century to present day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-20th_century_to_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Principal_rooms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_rooms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Principal rooms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_rooms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semi-state_apartments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semi-state_apartments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Semi-state apartments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semi-state_apartments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>East wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_ceremonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_ceremonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Court ceremonies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Court_ceremonies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Court ceremonies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Court_ceremonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_ceremonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_ceremonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Former ceremonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_ceremonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Court_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Court dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_presentation_of_débutantes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_presentation_of_débutantes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Court presentation of débutantes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_presentation_of_débutantes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garden_and_surroundings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_and_surroundings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Garden and surroundings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_and_surroundings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_breaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_breaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Security breaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_breaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Buckingham Palace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham-paleis" title="Buckingham-paleis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Buckingham-paleis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قصر بكنغهام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصر بكنغهام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaciu_de_Buckingham" title="Palaciu de Buckingham – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palaciu de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukingem_saray%C4%B1" title="Bukingem sarayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bukingem sarayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বাকিংহাম প্রাসাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাকিংহাম প্রাসাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Бакінгемскі палац – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бакінгемскі палац" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Бэкінггэмскі палац – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэкінггэмскі палац" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Бъкингамски дворец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бъкингамски дворец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakingemska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Bakingemska palača – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bakingemska palača" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palez_Buckingham" title="Palez Buckingham – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Palez Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_de_Buckingham" title="Palau de Buckingham – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palau de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c" title="Buckinghamský palác – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buckinghamský palác" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Palacio_de_Buckingham" title="El Palacio de Buckingham – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="El Palacio de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palas_Buckingham" title="Palas Buckingham – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palas Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghami_palee" title="Buckinghami palee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Buckinghami palee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Ανάκτορα του Μπάκιγχαμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάκτορα του Μπάκιγχαμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_de_Buckingham" title="Palacio de Buckingham – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palacio de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaco_Buckingham" title="Palaco Buckingham – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palaco Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_jauregia" title="Buckingham jauregia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Buckingham jauregia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="کاخ باکینگهام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاخ باکینگهام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_Buckingham" title="Palais de Buckingham – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palais de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l%C3%A1s_Buckingham" title="Pálás Buckingham – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pálás Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_de_Buckingham" title="Palacio de Buckingham – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palacio de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8" title="બકિંગહામ પેલેસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બકિંગહામ પેલેસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Ki%C3%BBng" title="Buckingham Kiûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Buckingham Kiûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%ED%82%B9%EC%97%84%EA%B6%81" title="버킹엄궁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버킹엄궁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Բուքինգհեմյան պալատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուքինգհեմյան պալատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="बकिंघॅम पैलस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बकिंघॅम पैलस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Buckinghamska palača – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Buckinghamska palača" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Buckingham" title="Istana Buckingham – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istana Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamh%C3%B6ll" title="Buckinghamhöll – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Buckinghamhöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D" title="ארמון בקינגהאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארמון בקינגהאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedhaton_Buckingham" title="Kedhaton Buckingham – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kedhaton Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಕಿಂಗ್ಹ್ಯಾಮ್ ಅರಮನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಕಿಂಗ್ಹ್ಯಾಮ್ ಅರಮನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="ბაკინგემის სასახლე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაკინგემის სასახლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Букингем сарайы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Букингем сарайы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus_regia_Buckinghamensis" title="Domus regia Buckinghamensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Domus regia Buckinghamensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakingemas_pils" title="Bakingemas pils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bakingemas pils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakingamo_r%C5%ABmai" title="Bakingamo rūmai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bakingamo rūmai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham-palota" title="Buckingham-palota – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Buckingham-palota" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="बकिङ्घम प्यालेस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बकिङ्घम प्यालेस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бакингемска палата – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бакингемска палата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ബക്കിങ്ങാം കൊട്ടാരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബക്കിങ്ങാം കൊട്ടാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="बकिंगहॅम राजवाडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बकिंगहॅम राजवाडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قصر بكنجهام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قصر بكنجهام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Buckingham" title="Istana Buckingham – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istana Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာကင်ဟမ်နန်းတော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘာကင်ဟမ်နန်းတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बकिङ्घम राजदरबार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बकिङ्घम राजदरबार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0%E5%AE%AE%E6%AE%BF" title="バッキンガム宮殿 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バッキンガム宮殿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_saroyi" title="Buckingham saroyi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buckingham saroyi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بکنگھم محل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بکنگھم محل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BC%DB%8D" title="د بکینګم ماڼۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بکینګم ماڼۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Buckingham" title="Pałac Buckingham – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pałac Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Buckingham" title="Palácio de Buckingham – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palácio de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatul_Buckingham" title="Palatul Buckingham – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palatul Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Букингемский дворец – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Букингемский дворец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Pailace" title="Buckingham Pailace – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Buckingham Pailace" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c" title="Buckinghamský palác – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Buckinghamský palác" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Buckinghamska palača – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Buckinghamska palača" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бакингамска палата – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бакингамска палата" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Buckinghamska palača – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Buckinghamska palača" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamin_palatsi" title="Buckinghamin palatsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Buckinghamin palatsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Buckingham Palace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palasyo_ng_Buckingham" title="Palasyo ng Buckingham – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palasyo ng Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="பக்கிங்காம் அரண்மனை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பக்கிங்காம் அரண்மனை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Букингем сарае – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Букингем сарае" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="బకింగ్‌హామ్ ప్యాలెస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బకింగ్‌హామ్ ప్యాలెస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1" title="พระราชวังบักกิงแฮม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระราชวังบักกิงแฮม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Saray%C4%B1" title="Buckingham Sarayı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buckingham Sarayı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Букінгемський палац – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Букінгемський палац" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بکنگھم محل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بکنگھم محل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82aso_de_Buckingham" title="Pałaso de Buckingham – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pałaso de Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cung_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_Buckingham" title="Cung điện Buckingham – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cung điện Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palasyo_han_Buckingham" title="Palasyo han Buckingham – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palasyo han Buckingham" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91%E6%B1%89%E5%AE%AB" title="白金汉宫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白金汉宫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A5" title="באקינגהאם פאלאץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באקינגהאם פאלאץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%AE" title="白金漢宮 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白金漢宮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91%E6%B1%89%E5%AE%AB" title="白金汉宫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白金汉宫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Buckingham_Palace&params=51_30_3_N_0_8_31_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′3″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°8′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.50083°N 0.14194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.50083; -0.14194</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official London residence of the British monarch</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:284px;max-width:284px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg/280px-Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg/420px-Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg/560px-Buckingham_Palace_UK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3928" data-file-height="2557" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Buckingham Palace, from the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg/280px-Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg/420px-Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg/560px-Buckingham_Palace_aerial_view_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aerial view of Buckingham Palace and part of its <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckingham Palace Gardens">gardens</a>, 2016</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Buckingham Palace</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a royal <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">residence</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and the administrative headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the United Kingdom">monarch of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-royal.uk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal.uk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British people</a> at times of national rejoicing and mourning. </p><p>Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large <a href="/wiki/Townhouse_(Great_Britain)" title="Townhouse (Great Britain)">townhouse</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/John_Sheffield,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Normanby" title="John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby">Duke of Buckingham and Normanby</a> in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> in 1761 as a private residence for <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Queen Charlotte</a> and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged by architects <a href="/wiki/John_Nash_(architect)" title="John Nash (architect)">John Nash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Blore" title="Edward Blore">Edward Blore</a>, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in 1837. </p><p>The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East Front, which contains the balcony on which the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a> traditionally appears to greet crowds. A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>; the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gallery" title="King's Gallery">King's Gallery</a> was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>. </p><p>The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured <a href="/wiki/Scagliola" title="Scagliola">scagliola</a> and blue and pink <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis</a>, on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Long,_1st_Baron_Farnborough" title="Charles Long, 1st Baron Farnborough">Charles Long</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> oversaw a partial redecoration in a <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">regency</a> style with furniture and fittings brought from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pavilion" title="Royal Pavilion">Royal Pavilion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House" title="Carlton House">Carlton House</a>. The palace has 775 rooms, and <a href="/wiki/Garden_at_Buckingham_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden at Buckingham Palace">the garden</a> is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1624">Pre-1624</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-1624"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called <a href="/wiki/Eia" title="Eia">Eia</a>). The marshy ground was watered by the river <a href="/wiki/Tyburn_(stream)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyburn (stream)">Tyburn</a>, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a> in late Saxon times, and, after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman Conquest</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>. William gave the site to <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville_(11th_century)" title="Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)">Geoffrey de Mandeville</a>, who bequeathed it to the monks of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1531, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> acquired the Hospital of St James, which became <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various owners leased it from royal landlords, and the <a href="/wiki/Freehold_(law)" title="Freehold (law)">freehold</a> was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Needing money, <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a> sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a four-acre (1.6 ha) <a href="/wiki/Morus_alba" title="Morus alba">mulberry</a> garden for the production of <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>. (This is at the north-west corner of today's palace.)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Walker" title="Clement Walker">Clement Walker</a> in <i>Anarchia Anglicana</i> (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Audley" title="Hugh Audley">Hugh Audley</a> by the great heiress Mary Davies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_houses_on_the_site_(1624–1761)"><span id="First_houses_on_the_site_.281624.E2.80.931761.29"></span>First houses on the site (1624–1761)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First houses on the site (1624–1761)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg/260px-Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg/390px-Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg/520px-Buckingham_House_1710.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of Buckingham House, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1710</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of William Blake, around 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next owner was <a href="/wiki/George_Goring,_1st_Earl_of_Norwich" title="George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich">George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich</a>, who from 1633 extended Blake's house, which came to be known as Goring House, and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_p.21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Great Seal</a> before <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was this critical omission that would help the British royal family regain the freehold under <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the improvident Goring defaulted on his rents,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bennet,_1st_Earl_of_Arlington" title="Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington">Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington</a> was able to purchase the lease of Goring House and he was occupying it when it burned down in 1674,<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_p.21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following which he constructed Arlington House on the site – the location of the southern wing of today's palace – the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_p.21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1698, <a href="/wiki/John_Sheffield,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Normanby" title="John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby">John Sheffield</a> acquired the lease. He later became the first <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Buckingham_and_Normanby" title="Duke of Buckingham and Normanby">Duke of Buckingham and Normanby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who_built_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who_built-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buckingham House was built for Sheffield in 1703 to the design of <a href="/wiki/William_Winde" title="William Winde">William Winde</a>. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings.<sup id="cite_ref-harris22_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harris22-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually sold by Buckingham's illegitimate son, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Herbert_Sheffield,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet">Charles Sheffield</a>, in 1761<sup id="cite_ref-rob14_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob14-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to George III for £21,000.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheffield's <a href="/wiki/Leasehold" class="mw-redirect" title="Leasehold">leasehold</a> on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Queen's_House_to_palace_(1761–1837)"><span id="From_Queen.27s_House_to_palace_.281761.E2.80.931837.29"></span>From Queen's House to palace (1761–1837)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From Queen's House to palace (1761–1837)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Queen's_House"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_House,_East_Front,_by_William_Westall,_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg/260px-Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg/390px-Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg/520px-Buckingham_House%2C_East_Front%2C_by_William_Westall%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922137_257059_ORI_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption>The house in 1819, by <a href="/wiki/William_Westall" title="William Westall">William Westall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under the new royal ownership, the building was originally intended as a private retreat for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Charlotte">Queen Charlotte</a>, and was accordingly known as The Queen's House. Remodelling of the structure began in 1762.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1775, an Act of Parliament settled the property on Queen Charlotte, in exchange for her rights to nearby <a href="/wiki/Old_Somerset_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Somerset House">Old Somerset House</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Old_and_New_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_and_New-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 14 of her 15 children were born there. Some furnishings were transferred from <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House" title="Carlton House">Carlton House</a> and others had been bought in France after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 1789. While <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a> remained the official and ceremonial royal residence,<sup id="cite_ref-Old_and_New_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_and_New-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name "Buckingham Palace" was used from at least 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his accession to the throne in 1820, <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> continued the renovation, intending to create a small, comfortable home. However, in 1826, while the work was in progress, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect <a href="/wiki/John_Nash_(architect)" title="John Nash (architect)">John Nash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The façade was designed with George IV's preference for <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_in_France#Architecture" title="Neoclassicism in France">French neoclassical</a> architecture in mind. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as the architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother <a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">William IV</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Edward_Blore" title="Edward Blore">Edward Blore</a> to finish the work.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William never moved into the palace, preferring <a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a>, which had been built to his specifications and which had been his London home while he was heir presumptive. After the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> was destroyed by fire in 1834, he offered to convert Buckingham Palace into a new Houses of Parliament, but his offer was declined.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen_Victoria_(1837–1901)"><span id="Queen_Victoria_.281837.E2.80.931901.29"></span>Queen Victoria (1837–1901)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Queen Victoria (1837–1901)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg/260px-Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg/390px-Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg/520px-Buckingham_Palace_engraved_by_J.Woods_after_Hablot_Browne_%26_R.Garland_publ_1837_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Buckingham Palace <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1837</span>, showing <a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a> at left, a ceremonial entrance. It was moved next to <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> to make way for the new east wing in 1847.</figcaption></figure> <p>Buckingham Palace became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was the first monarch to reside there.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">state rooms</a> were a riot of <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilt</a> and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. The chimneys were said to smoke so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the palace was often cold.<sup id="cite_ref-ws249_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ws249-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when it was decided to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that the staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty.<sup id="cite_ref-ws249_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ws249-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Household">household</a> offices and staff, and with addressing the design faults of the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-Rappaport_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rappaport-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1840, all the problems had been rectified. However, the builders were to return within a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Rappaport_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rappaport-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1847, the couple found the palace too small for court life and their growing family<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cubitt" title="Thomas Cubitt">Thomas Cubitt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enclosing the central quadrangle. The work, carried out from 1847 to 1849, was paid for by the sale of Brighton Pavilion in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-Tel_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tel-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large East Front, facing <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a>, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace and contains the balcony from which the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a> acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student <a href="/wiki/James_Pennethorne" title="James Pennethorne">James Pennethorne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Twilight_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twilight-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before Prince Albert's death, in addition to royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and musical entertainments.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most celebrated contemporary musicians entertained there; for example <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a> is known to have played there on three occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a> and his orchestra played there when in England.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osborne_House" title="Osborne House">Osborne House</a>. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business."<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner2006_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner2006-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, public opinion persuaded the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-rob9_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob9-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century_(1901–1945)"><span id="Early_20th_century_.281901.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Early 20th century (1901–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early 20th century (1901–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1910_Buckingham_Palace.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1910_Buckingham_Palace.png/188px-1910_Buckingham_Palace.png" decoding="async" width="188" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1910_Buckingham_Palace.png/282px-1910_Buckingham_Palace.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1910_Buckingham_Palace.png/376px-1910_Buckingham_Palace.png 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:198px;max-width:198px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_from_side,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/196px-Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/294px-Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/392px-Buckingham_Palace_from_side%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="5426" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The east wing public façade, enclosing the courtyard, was built between 1847 and 1850; it was remodelled to its present form in 1913.</div></div></div></div> <p>In 1901, the new king, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>, began redecorating the palace. He and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra</a>, had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a> Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries were redecorated in the <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last major building work took place during the reign of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> when, in 1913, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leoni" title="Giacomo Leoni">Giacomo Leoni</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lyme_Park" title="Lyme Park">Lyme Park</a> in Cheshire. This new refaced principal façade (of <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>) was designed to be the backdrop to the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a>, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria created by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brock" title="Thomas Brock">Thomas Brock</a>, erected outside the main gates on a surround constructed by architect Aston Webb.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertainment and royal duties than on lavish parties.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arranged a series of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Command_Performance" title="Royal Command Performance">command performances</a> featuring jazz musicians such as the <a href="/wiki/Original_Dixieland_Jazz_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Dixieland Jazz Band">Original Dixieland Jazz Band</a> (1919; the first jazz performance for a head of state), <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bechet" title="Sidney Bechet">Sidney Bechet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the <a href="/wiki/Brecon_Jazz_Festival" title="Brecon Jazz Festival">Brecon Jazz Festival</a> as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, which lasted from 1914 until 1918, the palace escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor, but the royal family remained in residence. The King imposed <a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">rationing</a> at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the King's later regret, <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> persuaded him to go further and ostentatiously lock the wine cellars and refrain from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe, and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George V's wife, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>, was a connoisseur of the arts and took a keen interest in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a> of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble <a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a> chimneypieces by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Vulliamy" title="Benjamin Vulliamy">Benjamin Vulliamy</a>, dating from 1810, in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, the northwest pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 230px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxbV8EcaSkk">Buckingham Palace Bombed (1940)</a> – Newsreel of damage to the palace and chapel (1:08)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, which broke out in 1939, the palace was <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">bombed</a> nine times.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most serious and publicised incident destroyed the palace chapel in 1940. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> (the future Queen Mother) were in the palace, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, and the newsreel footage shown in cinemas throughout the United Kingdom to show the common suffering of rich and poor. As <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Graphic">The Sunday Graphic</a></i> reported: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By the Editor: The King and Queen have endured the ordeal which has come to their subjects. For the second time a German bomber has tried to bring death and destruction to the home of Their Majesties ... When this war is over the common danger which King George and Queen Elizabeth have shared with their people will be a cherished memory and an inspiration through the years.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the <a href="/wiki/East_End" class="mw-redirect" title="East End">East End</a> in the face".<sup id="cite_ref-Luftwaffe_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luftwaffe-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 September 1940, known as <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Day" title="Battle of Britain Day">Battle of Britain Day</a>, an RAF pilot, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Holmes" title="Ray Holmes">Ray Holmes</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._504_Squadron_RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 504 Squadron RAF">No. 504 Squadron</a>, rammed a German <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_17" title="Dornier Do 17">Dornier Do 17</a> bomber he believed was going to bomb the palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition to shoot down the bomber and made the quick decision to ram it. He bailed out and the bomber crashed into the forecourt of <a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">London Victoria station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its engine was later exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a> in London. Holmes became a <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Messenger" title="King's Messenger">King's Messenger</a> after the war and died at the age of 90 in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a>—8 May 1945—the palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, the Queen, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Princess Elizabeth</a> (the future queen) and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margaret">Princess Margaret</a> appeared on the balcony, with the palace's blacked-out windows behind them, to cheers from a vast crowd in The Mall.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damaged palace was carefully restored after the war by John <a href="/wiki/Mowlem" title="Mowlem">Mowlem</a> & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-20th_century_to_present_day">Mid-20th century to present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mid-20th century to present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg/220px-Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg/330px-Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg/440px-Victoria_Memorial_from_within_Buckingham_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3100" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a> during a dress rehearsal for <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a> in 2015, seen from within the palace</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the palace's contents are part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gallery" title="King's Gallery">King's Gallery</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a>. The purpose-built gallery opened in 1962 and displays a changing selection of items from the collection.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occupies the site of the chapel that was destroyed in the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-who_built_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who_built-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The palace was designated a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on some dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the <a href="/wiki/1992_Windsor_Castle_fire" title="1992 Windsor Castle fire">1992 fire</a> devastated many of its staterooms.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the year to 31 March 2017, 580,000 people visited the palace, and 154,000 visited the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the palace attempted to claim money from the community energy fund to heat Buckingham Palace, but the claim was rejected due to fear of public backlash.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The palace used to <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racial segregation in the United Kingdom">racially segregate</a> staff. In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tryon,_2nd_Baron_Tryon" title="Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon">Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon</a>, acting as treasurer to Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, sought to exempt Buckingham Palace from full application of the <a href="/wiki/Race_Relations_Act_1968" title="Race Relations Act 1968">Race Relations Act 1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated that the palace did not hire people of colour for clerical jobs, only as domestic servants. He arranged with civil servants for an exemption that meant that complaints of racism against the royal household would be sent directly to the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> and kept out of the legal system.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the reigning monarch in right of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>. Occupied royal palaces are not part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor are they the monarch's personal property, unlike <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a> is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the State Dining Room was closed for a year and a half because its ceiling had become potentially dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 10-year schedule of maintenance work, including new plumbing, wiring, boilers and radiators, and the installation of solar panels on the roof, has been estimated to cost £369 million and was approved by the prime minister in November 2016. It will be funded by a temporary increase in the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Grant">Sovereign Grant</a> paid from the income of the Crown Estate and is intended to extend the building's working life by at least 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> backed funding for the project by 464 votes to 56.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates that were completed by the <a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromsgrove Guild">Bromsgrove Guild</a> in 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-rob9_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob9-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lies Webb's famous façade, which was described in a book published by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a> as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace".<sup id="cite_ref-rob9_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob9-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has not only been a weekday home of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip but was also the London residence and office of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Duke of York</a> until 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophie,_Duchess_of_Edinburgh" title="Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh">Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh</a> continue to have a private apartment in the palace for use when they are in London. The palace also houses <a href="/wiki/Royal_Households_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal Households of the United Kingdom">their offices</a>, as well as those of the <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Royal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra</a>, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> lives at <a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a> while restoration work continues, although he conducts official business at Buckingham Palace, including weekly meetings with the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Every year, some 50,000 invited guests are entertained at garden parties, receptions, audiences and banquets. <a href="/wiki/Garden_at_Buckingham_Palace#Garden_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden at Buckingham Palace">Three garden parties</a> are held in the summer, usually in July.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forecourt of Buckingham Palace is used for the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Guard" title="King's Guard">Changing of the Guard</a>, a major ceremony and tourist attraction (daily from April to July; every other day in other months).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior">Interior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif/260px-Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif/390px-Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif/520px-Plan_of_Buckingham_palace.gif 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Piano_nobile" title="Piano nobile">Piano nobile</a></i> of Buckingham Palace. The areas defined by shaded walls represent lower minor wings. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Note</b>: this is an unscaled sketch plan for reference only. Proportions of some rooms may differ slightly in reality.</figcaption></figure> <p>The front of the palace measures 355 feet (108 m) across, by 390 feet (120 m) deep, by 80 feet (24 m) high and contains over 830,000 square feet (77,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of floorspace.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 775 rooms, including 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms, 52 principal bedrooms and 19 <a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">state rooms</a>. It also has a post office, cinema, swimming pool, doctor's surgery,<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and jeweller's workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal family occupy a small suite of private rooms in the north wing.<sup id="cite_ref-Packard1982_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Packard1982-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principal_rooms">Principal rooms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Principal rooms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principal rooms are contained on the first-floor <i><a href="/wiki/Piano_nobile" title="Piano nobile">piano nobile</a></i> behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_p.41_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_p.41-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Dyck" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Dyck">van Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermeer">Vermeer</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the <a href="/wiki/Throne_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="Throne Room">Throne Room</a> and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_p.41_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_p.41-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a <a href="/wiki/Tribune_(architecture)" title="Tribune (architecture)">tribune</a> lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining but are open to the public every summer.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semi-state_apartments">Semi-state apartments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Semi-state apartments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg/260px-Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg/390px-Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg/520px-Obama_and_Duke_Duchess_of_Cambridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_William" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William">Prince William</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Catherine, Princess of Wales">Catherine</a> greeting <a href="/wiki/Barack" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack">Barack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> in the 1844 room</figcaption></figure> <p>Directly underneath the state apartments are the less grand semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">audiences</a>. At the centre of this floor is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the monarch's <a href="/wiki/Garden_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden parties">garden parties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">heads of state</a> are usually entertained by the monarch at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated an extensive suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the west-facing Garden Wing. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the state visit of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a>, and the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> of France.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former is a sitting room that also serves as an audience room and is often used for personal investitures. Narrow corridors link the rooms of the suite; one of them is given extra height and perspective by <a href="/wiki/Saucer_dome" class="mw-redirect" title="Saucer dome">saucer domes</a> designed by Nash in the style of Soane.<sup id="cite_ref-harrisp82_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harrisp82-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second corridor in the suite has Gothic-influenced <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">cross-over vaulting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harrisp82_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harrisp82-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suite was named after <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I of Belgium</a>, uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> occupied them.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which still survive, included widespread use of brightly coloured <a href="/wiki/Scagliola" title="Scagliola">scagliola</a> and blue and pink <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis</a>, on the advice of Charles Long. <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> oversaw a partial redecoration in a <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> cream and gold colour scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones43_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones43-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_wing">East wing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: East wing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg/260px-Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg/390px-Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg/520px-Royal_Family_Platinum_Jubilee_Balcony_Appearance_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6471" data-file-height="4505" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth II's final appearance on the balcony during her <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee</a> celebrations in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton Pavilion">Brighton Pavilion</a> was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up of parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimneypiece designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jones_(designer)" title="Robert Jones (designer)">Robert Jones</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westmacott" title="Richard Westmacott">Richard Westmacott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87._96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87.-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was formerly in the Music Room at the Brighton Pavilion.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87._96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87.-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ornate clock, known as the <a href="/wiki/Qilin" title="Qilin">Kylin Clock</a>, was made in <a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangxi Province">Jiangxi Province</a>, China, in the second half of the 18th century; it has a later <a href="/wiki/Movement_(clockwork)" title="Movement (clockwork)">movement</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Vulliamy" title="Benjamin Vulliamy">Benjamin Vulliamy</a> circa 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Drawing_Room" title="Yellow Drawing Room">Yellow Drawing Room</a> has hand-painted Chinese wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon,<sup id="cite_ref-Tel_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tel-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a chimneypiece which is a European vision of a Chinese chimneypiece. It has nodding <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)" title="Mandarin (bureaucrat)">mandarins</a> in <a href="/wiki/Niche_(architecture)" title="Niche (architecture)">niches</a> and fearsome winged <a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">dragons</a>, designed by Robert Jones.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a <a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinese-style</a> saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Allom" title="Charles Allom">Charles Allom</a>, created a more "binding"<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the <a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">lacquer</a> doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the <i>piano nobile</i> of the east wing is the Great Gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has mirrored doors and mirrored cross walls reflecting <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room in between.<sup id="cite_ref-HarrisBellaigue1968_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarrisBellaigue1968-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_ceremonies">Court ceremonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Court ceremonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBE1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MBE1.jpg/260px-MBE1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MBE1.jpg/390px-MBE1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MBE1.jpg/520px-MBE1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Royal</a> conducting an Investiture in the Throne Room in 2023</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investitures</a> for the awarding of <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">honours</a> (which include the conferring of <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knighthoods</a> by dubbing with a sword) usually take place in the palace's <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">Throne Room</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investitures are conducted by the King or another senior member of the royal family: a military band plays in the musicians' gallery, as recipients receive their <a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">honours</a>, watched by their families and friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Healey,_p.364_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healey,_p.364-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P052411LJ-0751_(5835926297).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg/260px-P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg/390px-P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg/520px-P052411LJ-0751_%285835926297%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>A state banquet held in the Ballroom in 2011, when Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> hosted President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>State <a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">banquets</a> take place in the Ballroom, built in 1854. At 120 feet (36.6 m) long, 60 feet (18 m) wide and 45 feet (13.5 m) high,<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the largest room in the palace; at one end of the room is a throne dais (beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Shamiana" title="Shamiana">shamiana</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a>, that was used at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar" title="Delhi Durbar">Delhi Durbar</a> in 1911).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Banquets are formal dinners held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-Healey,_p.364_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healey,_p.364-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the King entertains members of the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_corps" title="Diplomatic corps">diplomatic corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and <a href="/wiki/Sconce_(light_fixture)" title="Sconce (light fixture)">sconces</a>, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smaller ceremonies such as the reception of new ambassadors take place in the "1844 Room". Here too, the King holds small lunch parties, and often meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>. Larger lunch parties often take place in the curved and domed Music Room or the State Dining Room.<sup id="cite_ref-Healey,_pp._363–365_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healey,_pp._363–365-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room. Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>'s first three children were all baptised there.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On all formal occasions, the ceremonies are attended by the <a href="/wiki/Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="Yeomen of the Guard">Yeomen of the Guard</a>, in their historic uniforms, and other officers of the court such as the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Healey,_pp._363–365_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healey,_pp._363–365-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_ceremonial">Former ceremonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Former ceremonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Court_dress">Court dress</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Court dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif/lossy-page1-260px-President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif/lossy-page1-390px-President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif/lossy-page1-520px-President_Nixon_visiting_Buckingham_Palace_with_Britain%27s_royal_family_-_NARA_-_194606.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> with members of the royal family in the ground-floor Marble Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Formerly, men not wearing <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">military uniform</a> wore knee <a href="/wiki/Breeches" title="Breeches">breeches</a> of 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included trains and <a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">tiaras</a> or feathers in their hair (often both). The dress code governing formal <a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">court uniform and dress</a> has progressively relaxed. After the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a> to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the King's reaction. King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> disapproved, so the Queen kept her hemline unfashionably low.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his accession in 1936, King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear <a href="/wiki/Service_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Service uniform">service uniform</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lounge_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Lounge suit">lounge suits</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a minority wear <a href="/wiki/Morning_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Morning coat">morning coats</a>, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, <a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a> or <a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Seldon1999_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seldon1999-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Court_presentation_of_débutantes"><span id="Court_presentation_of_d.C3.A9butantes"></span>Court presentation of débutantes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Court presentation of débutantes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante">Débutantes</a> were aristocratic young ladies making their first entrée into society through a presentation to the monarch at court. These occasions, known as "coming out", took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. The débutantes entered—wearing full court dress, with three ostrich feathers in their hair—curtsied, performed a backwards walk and a further curtsey, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court <a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">drawing rooms</a>" of Victoria's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, omitting the requirement of court evening dress.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, Queen Elizabeth II abolished the presentation parties for débutantes,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing them with <a href="/wiki/Garden_at_Buckingham_Palace#Garden_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden at Buckingham Palace">Garden Parties</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for up to 8,000 invitees in the Garden. They are the largest functions of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Garden_and_surroundings">Garden and surroundings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Garden and surroundings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace_Garden" title="Buckingham Palace Garden">Buckingham Palace Garden</a></div> <p>At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> hosted her annual garden parties each summer and also held large functions to celebrate royal milestones, such as jubilees. It covers 17 ha (42 acres) and includes a helicopter landing area, a lake and a tennis court.<sup id="cite_ref-fact_81-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fact-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adjacent to the palace is the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a>, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the <a href="/wiki/Gold_State_Coach" title="Gold State Coach">Gold State Coach</a>, are housed. This <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> styled <a href="/wiki/Gold_coach" title="Gold coach">gilt coach</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Chambers_(architect)" title="William Chambers (architect)">William Chambers</a> in 1760, has painted panels by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Cipriani" title="Giovanni Battista Cipriani">Giovanni Battista Cipriani</a>. It was first used for the <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since <a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">William IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was last used for the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_Charles_III_and_Queen_Camilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla">coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as many of the cars used by the royal family. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a>, a ceremonial approach route to the palace, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> and completed in 1911 as part of a grand memorial to Queen Victoria. It extends from <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a>, across <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_London" title="Victoria Memorial, London">Victoria Memorial</a>, concluding at the entrance gates into the palace <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">forecourt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This route is used by the cavalcades and motorcades of visiting heads of state, and by the royal family on state occasions—such as the annual <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_(panoramic).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The lawn and west façade, faced in Bath stone, of Buckingham Palace"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg/800px-Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg/1200px-Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg/1600px-Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_%28panoramic%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_west_facade_(panoramic).jpg" title="File:Buckingham Palace west facade (panoramic).jpg"> </a></div>The lawn and west façade, faced in <a href="/wiki/Bath_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Bath stone">Bath stone</a>, of Buckingham Palace</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_breaches">Security breaches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Security breaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_boy_Jones" title="The boy Jones">The boy Jones</a> was an intruder who gained entry to the palace on three occasions between 1838 and 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dickens_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dickens-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fagan" title="Michael Fagan">Michael Fagan</a>, who broke into the palace twice in 1982 and entered Queen Elizabeth II's bedroom on the second occasion on 9 July. At the time, news media reported that he had a long conversation with her while she waited for security officers to arrive, but in a 2012 interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, Fagan said she ran out of the room, and no conversation took place.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only in 2007 that trespassing on the palace grounds became a specific criminal offence.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/21px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/42px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/20px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_at_Buckingham_Palace" title="Flags at Buckingham Palace">Flags at Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_residences" title="List of British royal residences">List of British royal residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Guard" title="King's Guard">King's Guard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">British Royal Court</a> is officially resident at <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a>, which means that, while foreign <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> assuming their new position are received by the <a href="/wiki/British_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="British sovereign">British sovereign</a> at Buckingham Palace, they are accredited to the "Court of St James's Palace". This anomaly continues for the sake of tradition, as Buckingham Palace is to all intents and purposes the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529122601/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/StJamessPalace/History.aspx">History of St James's Palace</a> (Official website of the British Monarchy).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The topography of the site and its ownership are dealt with in Wright, chapters 1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Audley and Davies were key figures in the development of Ebury Manor and also the Grosvenor Estate (see <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Westminster">dukes of Westminster</a>), which still exists today. They are remembered in the street names North Audley Street, <a href="/wiki/South_Audley_Street" title="South Audley Street">South Audley Street</a>, and Davies Street, all in <a href="/wiki/Mayfair" title="Mayfair">Mayfair</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The purchase price is given by Wright p. 142 as £28,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The tradition persists of foreign ambassadors being formally accredited to "the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a>", even though it is at Buckingham Palace that they present their credentials and staff to the monarch upon their appointment.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margaret">Princess Margaret</a> is reputed to have remarked of the débutante presentations: "We had to put a stop to it, every tart in London was getting in."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under section 128(1) of the <a href="/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005" title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005</a>, "A person commits an offence if he enters, or is on, any designated site in England and Wales or Northern Ireland as a trespasser".<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buckingham Palace is a designated site under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/buckingham">"Buckingham"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304010024/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/buckingham">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Buckingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fbuckingham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royal.uk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royal.uk_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace">"Buckingham Palace"</a>. Royal Household. 12 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509132429/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buckingham+Palace&rft.pub=Royal+Household&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Froyal-residences-buckingham-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41820">"Chapter 1: The Acquisition of the Estate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Survey_of_London" title="Survey of London">Survey of London</a>: The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair</i>. Vol. 39. London County Council. 1977. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213074652/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41820">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+The+Acquisition+of+the+Estate&rft.btitle=Survey+of+London%3A+The+Grosvenor+Estate+in+Mayfair&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=London+County+Council&rft.date=1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D41820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, pp. 76–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, pp. 31, 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, Chapter V</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris,_p.21-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_p.21_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goring, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who_built-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who_built_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who_built_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624153126/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-built-the-palace">"Who built Buckingham Palace?"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-built-the-palace">the original</a> on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+built+Buckingham+Palace%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fbuckinghampalace%2Fabout%2Fwho-built-the-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harris22-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harris22_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rob14-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rob14_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, p. 12 and Nash, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Old_and_New-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Old_and_New_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Old_and_New_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45183"><i>Old and New London</i></a>. Vol. 4. Cassell, Petter & Galpin. 1878. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>74. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008025710/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45183">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+and+New+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.pub=Cassell%2C+Petter+%26+Galpin&rft.date=1878&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D45183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1791" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Edmund, ed. (1791). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Zg-AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Annual Register</i></a>. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>Buckingham-palace was the dwelling house of the king.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annual+Register&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Zg-AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, pp. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328161802/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/History.aspx">"The Royal Residences > Buckingham Palace > History"</a>. www.royal.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/History.aspx">the original</a> on 28 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Residences+%3E+Buckingham+Palace+%3E+History&rft.pub=www.royal.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FTheRoyalResidences%2FBuckinghamPalace%2FHistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler,_Philip1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Ziegler" title="Philip Ziegler">Ziegler, Philip</a> (1971). <i>King William IV</i>. Collins. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0021-1934-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0021-1934-4"><bdi>978-0-0021-1934-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+William+IV&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-0021-1934-4&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327220845/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/BuckinghamPalace.aspx">"The Royal Residences > Buckingham Palace"</a>. www.royal.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/BuckinghamPalace/BuckinghamPalace.aspx">the original</a> on 27 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Residences+%3E+Buckingham+Palace&rft.pub=www.royal.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FTheRoyalResidences%2FBuckinghamPalace%2FBuckinghamPalace.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hedley, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ws249-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ws249_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ws249_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodham-Smith, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rappaport-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rappaport_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rappaport_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rappaport, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Holland & Hannen and Cubitts – The Inception and Development of a Great Building Firm</i>, published 1920, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tel-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tel_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tel_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurness2024" class="citation news cs1">Furness, Hannah (10 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2024/07/10/visitors-buckingham-palace-balcony-king-view/">"King allows public to peek from royal balcony from next week – but one thing will be missing"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710131357/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2024/07/10/visitors-buckingham-palace-balcony-king-view/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=King+allows+public+to+peek+from+royal+balcony+from+next+week+%E2%80%93+but+one+thing+will+be+missing&rft.date=2024-07-10&rft.aulast=Furness&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Froyal-family%2F2024%2F07%2F10%2Fvisitors-buckingham-palace-balcony-king-view%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwens" class="citation web cs1">Owens, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyextra.com/article/feature/history-buckingham-palace-balcony-appearance-focal-point-national-celebration">"Buckingham Palace's balcony: a focal point for national celebration"</a>. Immediate Media/BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170522124727/http://www.historyextra.com/article/feature/history-buckingham-palace-balcony-appearance-focal-point-national-celebration">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buckingham+Palace%27s+balcony%3A+a+focal+point+for+national+celebration&rft.pub=Immediate+Media%2FBBC&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Farticle%2Ffeature%2Fhistory-buckingham-palace-balcony-appearance-focal-point-national-celebration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twilight-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Twilight_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-has-lived-at-the-palace">"Who has lived at Buckingham Palace?"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623215833/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about/who-has-lived-at-the-palace">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+has+lived+at+Buckingham+Palace%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fbuckinghampalace%2Fabout%2Fwho-has-lived-at-the-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hedley, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, pp. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardiner2006-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner2006_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Gardiner2006" class="citation book cs1">John Gardiner (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dipe9nVHV3cC&pg=PA142"><i>The Victorians: An Age in Retrospect</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8528-5560-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8528-5560-4"><bdi>978-1-8528-5560-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victorians%3A+An+Age+in+Retrospect&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-8528-5560-4&rft.au=John+Gardiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDipe9nVHV3cC%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rob9-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rob9_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rob9_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rob9_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson (Page 9) asserts that the decorations, including plaster swags and other decorative motifs, are "finicky" and "at odds with Nash's original detailing".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100426000757/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23727267-buckingham-palace-hits-right-note-with-jazz-fans.do">"Buckingham Palace hits right note with jazz fans"</a>. <i>London Evening Standard</i>. 3 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23727267-buckingham-palace-hits-right-note-with-jazz-fans.do">the original</a> on 26 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+hits+right+note+with+jazz+fans&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisislondon.co.uk%2Fstandard%2Farticle-23727267-buckingham-palace-hits-right-note-with-jazz-fans.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Bates2009" class="citation news cs1">Stephen Bates (3 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/03/buckingham-palace-jazz-plaque-brecon">"By royal approval: Buckingham Palace's place in jazz history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015559/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/03/buckingham-palace-jazz-plaque-brecon">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=By+royal+approval%3A+Buckingham+Palace%27s+place+in+jazz+history&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.au=Stephen+Bates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2009%2Faug%2F03%2Fbuckingham-palace-jazz-plaque-brecon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rose" title="Kenneth Rose">Rose, Kenneth</a> (1983). <i>King George V</i>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. <span class="nowrap">176–</span>177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2977-8245-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2977-8245-2"><bdi>978-0-2977-8245-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+George+V&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E176-%3C%2Fspan%3E177&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-2977-8245-2&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, pp. 178–179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey pp. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allison and Riddell, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/letter-from-queen-elizabeth-to-queen-mary-describing-the-bombing-of-buckingham-palace-13">"Letter from Queen Elizabeth to Queen Mary describing the bombing of Buckingham Palace, 13 September 1940"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410024430/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/letter-from-queen-elizabeth-to-queen-mary-describing-the-bombing-of-buckingham-palace-13">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+from+Queen+Elizabeth+to+Queen+Mary+describing+the+bombing+of+Buckingham+Palace%2C+13+September+1940&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fexhibitions%2Fletter-from-queen-elizabeth-to-queen-mary-describing-the-bombing-of-buckingham-palace-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton1984" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, Michael (1984). <i>Royal Feud</i>. M. Joseph. p. 216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Feud&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=M.+Joseph&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Graphic">The Sunday Graphic</a></i>, 18 September 1939, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luftwaffe-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luftwaffe_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies,_Caroline2009" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Caroline (12 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/sep/13/queen-mother-biography-shawcross-luftwaffe">"How the Luftwaffe bombed the palace, in the Queen Mother's own words"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417091423/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/sep/13/queen-mother-biography-shawcross-luftwaffe">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+the+Luftwaffe+bombed+the+palace%2C+in+the+Queen+Mother%27s+own+words&rft.date=2009-09-12&rft.au=Davies%2C+Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2009%2Fsep%2F13%2Fqueen-mother-biography-shawcross-luftwaffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, Alfred. <i>The Battle of Britain Day</i>, Greenhill Books, London, 1990, pp. 49–50 and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bungay" title="Stephen Bungay">Stephen Bungay</a>, <i>The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain</i>. Aurum Press, London, 2000, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/4398484.stm">"Pilot who 'saved Palace' honoured"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207152854/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/4398484.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pilot+who+%27saved+Palace%27+honoured&rft.date=2005-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fleicestershire%2F4398484.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/8/newsid_3580000/3580163.stm">"On This Day: 8 May: 1945: Rejoicing at end of war in Europe"</a>. BBC News. 8 May 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+8+May%3A+1945%3A+Rejoicing+at+end+of+war+in+Europe&rft.date=1945-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F8%2Fnewsid_3580000%2F3580163.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1351908/Sir-Edgar-Beck.html">"Sir Edgar Beck"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. 9 August 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1351908/Sir-Edgar-Beck.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sir+Edgar+Beck&rft.date=2000-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1351908%2FSir-Edgar-Beck.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620184509/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/about">"About the Royal Collection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/about">the original</a> on 20 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Royal+Collection&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fcollection%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHLE-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHLE_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1239087" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1239087?section=official-list-entry">"Buckingham Palace (Grade I) (1239087)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+%28Grade+I%29+%281239087%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1239087%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/31069.stm">"Windsor Castle – five years from disaster to triumph"</a>. BBC. 17 November 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402101032/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/31069.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Windsor+Castle+%E2%80%93+five+years+from+disaster+to+triumph&rft.date=1997-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F31069.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Collection_Enterprises_Limited2017" class="citation web cs1">Royal Collection Enterprises Limited (28 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02778486/filing-history">"Full accounts made up to 31 March 2017"</a>. Companies House. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005607/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02778486/filing-history">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+accounts+made+up+to+31+March+2017&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Companies+House&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft.au=Royal+Collection+Enterprises+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.companieshouse.gov.uk%2Fcompany%2F02778486%2Ffiling-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabbatt2010" class="citation news cs1">Gabbatt, Adam (24 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/sep/24/queen-poverty-grant-buckingham-palace">"Queen asked for poverty grant to heat palaces"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Queen+asked+for+poverty+grant+to+heat+palaces&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Gabbatt&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2010%2Fsep%2F24%2Fqueen-poverty-grant-buckingham-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeggEvans2021" class="citation web cs1">Pegg, David; Evans, Rob (2 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/02/buckingham-palace-banned-ethnic-minorities-from-office-roles-papers-reveal">"Buckingham Palace banned ethnic minorities from office roles, papers reveal"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310121328/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jun/02/buckingham-palace-banned-ethnic-minorities-from-office-roles-papers-reveal">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+banned+ethnic+minorities+from+office+roles%2C+papers+reveal&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft.aulast=Pegg&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Evans%2C+Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2021%2Fjun%2F02%2Fbuckingham-palace-banned-ethnic-minorities-from-office-roles-papers-reveal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderhoof2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Vanderhoof, Erin (11 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/06/buckingham-palace-racist-1960s-hiring-policy-scandal">"Why the Scandal Around Buckingham Palace's Racist 1960s Hiring Policy Still Resonates"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023121337/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/06/buckingham-palace-racist-1960s-hiring-policy-scandal">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Why+the+Scandal+Around+Buckingham+Palace%27s+Racist+1960s+Hiring+Policy+Still+Resonates&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft.aulast=Vanderhoof&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fstyle%2F2021%2F06%2Fbuckingham-palace-racist-1960s-hiring-policy-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouse_of_Commons_Treasury_Committee2010" class="citation book cs1">House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2I2nYZ-VJgMC"><i>The Management of the Crown Estate: Eighth Report of Session 2009–10</i></a>. Vol. 1. Stationery Office. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2155-5322-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2155-5322-5"><bdi>978-0-2155-5322-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929153341/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_management_of_the_Crown_Estate/2I2nYZ-VJgMC">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>Windsor Castle is an occupied Royal Palace and therefore not part of the Crown Estate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Management+of+the+Crown+Estate%3A+Eighth+Report+of+Session+2009%E2%80%9310&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Stationery+Office&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-2155-5322-5&rft.au=House+of+Commons+Treasury+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2I2nYZ-VJgMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1995/jan/16/royal-property#S6CV0252P0_19950116_CWA_187">"Royal Property"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Grant+Act%3A+frequently+asked+questions+relating+to+the+Act+and+on+general+issues&rft.pub=The+National+Archives&rft.au=HM+Treasury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hm-treasury.gov.uk%2Fleg_sovereign_grant_faq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2017" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, Martin (23 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/emergency-repair-work-to-buckingham-palace's-state-dining-room-nears-completion">"Emergency repair work to Buckingham Palace's State Dining Room nears completion"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Emergency+repair+work+to+Buckingham+Palace%27s+State+Dining+Room+nears+completion&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Femergency-repair-work-to-buckingham-palace%27s-state-dining-room-nears-completion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Rayner2016" class="citation news cs1">Gordon Rayner (18 November 2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/18/buckingham-palace-to-get-369m-facelift-over-10-years">"Queen to remain in residence as Buckingham Palace gets £369m taxpayer-funded facelift to avert 'catastrophic building failure'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/18/buckingham-palace-to-get-369m-facelift-over-10-years">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Queen+to+remain+in+residence+as+Buckingham+Palace+gets+%C2%A3369m+taxpayer-funded+facelift+to+avert+%27catastrophic+building+failure%27&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.au=Gordon+Rayner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F11%2F18%2Fbuckingham-palace-to-get-369m-facelift-over-10-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38025513">"Buckingham Palace to get £369m refurbishment"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118120956/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38025513">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+to+get+%C2%A3369m+refurbishment&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-38025513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39280770">"Buckingham Palace repairs funding approved by MPs"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122194237/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39280770">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+repairs+funding+approved+by+MPs&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-39280770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-andrew-king-charles-buckingham-palace-b2269728.html">"King Charles 'tells Prince Andrew there is no place' for him at Buckingham Palace"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 27 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=King+Charles+%27tells+Prince+Andrew+there+is+no+place%27+for+him+at+Buckingham+Palace&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Froyal-family%2Fprince-andrew-king-charles-buckingham-palace-b2269728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fact-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fact_81-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104182150/http://www.royal.gov.uk/latestnewsanddiary/factfiles/40factsaboutbuckinghampalace.aspx">"40 facts about Buckingham Palace"</a>. British Monarchy website. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Meghan+Markle+and+Prince+Harry+Have+Split+Royal+Households+from+Kate+Middleton+and+Prince+William&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Froyals%2Fmeghan-markle-prince-harry-split-households-kate-middleton-prince-william&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellomagazine.com/homes/20220928152663/king-charles-favourite-buckingham-palace-childhood-feature">"King Charles III's favourite Buckingham Palace childhood feature he'll be keen to restore"</a>. <i>HELLO!</i>. 28 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221012230408/https://www.hellomagazine.com/homes/20220928152663/king-charles-favourite-buckingham-palace-childhood-feature">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HELLO%21&rft.atitle=King+Charles+III%27s+favourite+Buckingham+Palace+childhood+feature+he%27ll+be+keen+to+restore&rft.date=2022-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellomagazine.com%2Fhomes%2F20220928152663%2Fking-charles-favourite-buckingham-palace-childhood-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002102536/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about">"About Buckingham Palace"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. 8 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/about">the original</a> on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Buckingham+Palace&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fbuckinghampalace%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624231115/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/what-to-see-and-do/changing-the-guard">"Changing the Guard"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/what-to-see-and-do/changing-the-guard">the original</a> on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+the+Guard&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fbuckinghampalace%2Fwhat-to-see-and-do%2Fchanging-the-guard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace">"Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace"</a>. British Monarchy website. 12 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509132429/https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Residences%3A+Buckingham+Palace&rft.pub=British+Monarchy+website&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Froyal-residences-buckingham-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701021803/https://www.timesoftunbridgewells.co.uk/queen-honours-jeweller-with-top-personal-award">"Queen honours jeweller with top personal award"</a>. <i>Times of Tunbridge Wells</i>. 6 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesoftunbridgewells.co.uk/queen-honours-jeweller-with-top-personal-award">the original</a> on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Tunbridge+Wells&rft.atitle=Queen+honours+jeweller+with+top+personal+award&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesoftunbridgewells.co.uk%2Fqueen-honours-jeweller-with-top-personal-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Packard1982-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Packard1982_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPackard,_Jerrold_M.1982" class="citation book cs1">Packard, Jerrold M. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dfk_5uIFtqIC"><i>The Queen and Her Court: A Guide to the British Monarchy Today</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6841-7648-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6841-7648-2"><bdi>978-0-6841-7648-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+Her+Court%3A+A+Guide+to+the+British+Monarchy+Today&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-6841-7648-2&rft.au=Packard%2C+Jerrold+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddfk_5uIFtqIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris,_p.41-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_p.41_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_p.41_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, pp. 78–79 and Healey, pp. 387–388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace">"Visit the State Rooms, Buckingham Palace"</a>. Royal Collection Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306164557/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+the+State+Rooms%2C+Buckingham+Palace&rft.pub=Royal+Collection+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fthe-state-rooms-buckingham-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harrisp82-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harrisp82_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harrisp82_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones43-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones43_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87.-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87._96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris,_de_Bellaigue_&_Miller,_p._87._96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, pp. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, de Bellaigue & Miller, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarrisBellaigue1968-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HarrisBellaigue1968_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_HarrisGeoffrey_De_BellaigueOliver_Millar1968" class="citation book cs1">John Harris; Geoffrey De Bellaigue; Oliver Millar (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pscQAQAAMAAJ"><i>Buckingham Palace and its Treasures</i></a>. Viking Press. p. 90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buckingham+Palace+and+its+Treasures&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.au=John+Harris&rft.au=Geoffrey+De+Bellaigue&rft.au=Oliver+Millar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpscQAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/investitures">"Investitures"</a>. <i>The official website of the Royal Family</i>. The Royal Household<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+official+website+of+the+Royal+Family&rft.atitle=Investitures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Finvestitures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Healey,_p.364-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Healey,_p.364_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Healey,_p.364_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, p. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2457467/Royal-seal-of-approval-for-state-banquet-exhibition.html">"Royal seal of approval for state banquet exhibition"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. 25 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2457467/Royal-seal-of-approval-for-state-banquet-exhibition.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Royal+seal+of+approval+for+state+banquet+exhibition&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Ftheroyalfamily%2F2457467%2FRoyal-seal-of-approval-for-state-banquet-exhibition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, p. 362.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hedley, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Healey,_pp._363–365-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Healey,_pp._363–365_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Healey,_pp._363–365_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, pp. 363–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey, p. 233, quoting <i>The Memoirs of Mabell, Countess of Airlie</i>, edited and arranged by Jennifer Ellis, London: Hutchinson, 1962.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seldon1999-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seldon1999_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Seldon1999" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Seldon (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jj2AAAAAIAAJ"><i>10 Downing Street: The Illustrated History</i></a>. Harper Collins Illustrated. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0041-4073-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0041-4073-5"><bdi>978-0-0041-4073-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10+Downing+Street%3A+The+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Illustrated&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-0041-4073-5&rft.au=Anthony+Seldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djj2AAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peacocke, pp. 178–179, 244–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peacocke, pp. 264–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123231607/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page5299.asp">"Mailbox"</a>. <i>Royal Insight Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page5299.asp">the original</a> on 23 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Insight+Magazine&rft.atitle=Mailbox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2Foutput%2Fpage5299.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaikie2002" class="citation book cs1">Blaikie, Thomas (2002). <i>You look awfully like the Queen</i>. London: Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-0071-4874-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-0071-4874-5"><bdi>978-0-0071-4874-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+look+awfully+like+the+Queen&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-0071-4874-5&rft.aulast=Blaikie&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Household" class="citation web cs1">Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060104/http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/GardenParties/TheGuests.aspx">"Garden parties: The guests"</a>. <i>Official Website of the British Monarchy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/GardenParties/TheGuests.aspx">the original</a> on 17 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Garden+parties%3A+The+guests&rft.au=Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FRoyalEventsandCeremonies%2FGardenParties%2FTheGuests.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502231028/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1381/1092">"<i>Buckingham Palace</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1381/1092">the original</a> on 2 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buckingham+Palace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoflondon.org.uk%2FEnglish%2FCollections%2FOnlineResources%2FX20L%2FThemes%2F1381%2F1092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a>.) Retrieved 2 May 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/visit/the-royal-mews-buckingham-palace/the-gold-state-coach">"The Gold State Coach"</a>. <i>www.rct.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rct.uk&rft.atitle=The+Gold+State+Coach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rct.uk%2Fvisit%2Fthe-royal-mews-buckingham-palace%2Fthe-gold-state-coach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65194594">"Coronation coach has electric windows and air con"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronation+coach+has+electric+windows+and+air+con&rft.date=2023-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-65194594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710044631/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/TheRoyalMews/TheRoyalMews.aspx">"The Royal Residences > The Royal Mews"</a>. www.royal.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/TheRoyalMews/TheRoyalMews.aspx">the original</a> on 10 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Residences+%3E+The+Royal+Mews&rft.pub=www.royal.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FTheRoyalResidences%2FTheRoyalMews%2FTheRoyalMews.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1239251" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1239251?section=official-list-entry">"Buckingham Palace forecourt gate piers, gates, railings and lamps (Grade I) (1239251)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Buckingham+Palace+forecourt+gate+piers%2C+gates%2C+railings+and+lamps+%28Grade+I%29+%281239251%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1239251%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson,_Louise1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nicholson" title="Louise Nicholson">Nicholson, Louise</a> (1998). <i>London</i>. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-1187-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-1187-2"><bdi>978-0-7112-1187-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London&rft.place=London&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7112-1187-2&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/7/2/1/17216/17216.txt">Volume 1: July–December 1841</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dickens-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dickens_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickens1884" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Dickens, Charles</a> (5 July 1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://john-adcock.blogspot.com/2008/10/boy-jones.html">"The boy Jones"</a>. <i>All The Year Round</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">234–</span>237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+The+Year+Round&rft.atitle=The+boy+Jones&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E234-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.date=1884-07-05&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohn-adcock.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F10%2Fboy-jones.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobey,_Pam2014" class="citation news cs1">Tobey, Pam (24 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/24/remember-the-visitor-to-the-queens-bedroom-when-it-comes-to-intruders-buckingham-palace-beats-the-white-house-any-day">"Remember the guy who got into the Queen's bedroom?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227130214/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/24/remember-the-visitor-to-the-queens-bedroom-when-it-comes-to-intruders-buckingham-palace-beats-the-white-house-any-day">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Remember+the+guy+who+got+into+the+Queen%27s+bedroom%3F&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.au=Tobey%2C+Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2014%2F09%2F24%2Fremember-the-visitor-to-the-queens-bedroom-when-it-comes-to-intruders-buckingham-palace-beats-the-white-house-any-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDugan2012" class="citation news cs1">Dugan, Emily (19 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-fagan-her-nightie-was-one-of-those-liberty-prints-down-to-her-knees-7179547.html">"Michael Fagan: 'Her nightie was one of those Liberty prints, down to her knees'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Independent on Sunday</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908075232/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/michael-fagan-her-nightie-was-one-of-those-liberty-prints-down-to-her-knees-7179547.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+on+Sunday&rft.atitle=Michael+Fagan%3A+%27Her+nightie+was+one+of+those+Liberty+prints%2C+down+to+her+knees%27&rft.date=2012-02-19&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fmichael-fagan-her-nightie-was-one-of-those-liberty-prints-down-to-her-knees-7179547.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6492003.stm">"Trespass law targets royal sites"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 24 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121065101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6492003.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trespass+law+targets+royal+sites&rft.date=2007-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F6492003.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/part/4/crossheading/trespass-on-designated-site">"Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005"</a>. Legislation.gov.uk. 7 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170502/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/part/4/crossheading/trespass-on-designated-site">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serious+Organised+Crime+and+Police+Act+2005&rft.pub=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2005%2F15%2Fpart%2F4%2Fcrossheading%2Ftrespass-on-designated-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/930/made">"The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007"</a>. Legislation.gov.uk. 1 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827170958/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/930/made">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Serious+Organised+Crime+and+Police+Act+2005+%28Designated+Sites+under+Section+128%29+Order+2007&rft.pub=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2007%2F930%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Allison, Ronald; Riddell, Sarah (1991). <i>The Royal Encyclopedia</i>. London: Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3335-3810-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-3335-3810-2">0-3335-3810-2</a></li> <li>Blaikie, Thomas (2002). <i>You Look Awfully Like the Queen: Wit and Wisdom from the House of Windsor</i>. London: HarperCollins. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-0071-4874-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-0071-4874-7">0-0071-4874-7</a>.</li> <li>Goring, O. G. (1937). <i>From Goring House to Buckingham Palace</i>. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson.</li> <li>Harris, John; de Bellaigue, Geoffrey; & Miller, Oliver (1968). <i>Buckingham Palace</i>. London: Nelson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1714-1011-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-1714-1011-4">0-1714-1011-4</a>.</li> <li>Healey, Edma (1997). <i>The Queen's House: A Social History of Buckingham Palace</i>. London: Penguin Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7181-4089-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7181-4089-3">0-7181-4089-3</a>.</li> <li>Hedley, Olwen (1971) <i>The Pictorial History of Buckingham Palace</i>. Pitkin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8537-2086-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8537-2086-X">0-8537-2086-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Nigel R. (2005). <i>Architecture of England, Scotland, and Wales</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3133-1850-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3133-1850-4"><bdi>978-0-3133-1850-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+England%2C+Scotland%2C+and+Wales&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-3133-1850-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Nigel+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2007" class="citation book cs1">King, Greg (2007). <i>Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria During Her Diamond Jubilee Year</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4700-4439-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4700-4439-1"><bdi>978-0-4700-4439-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+Splendor%3A+The+Court+of+Queen+Victoria+During+Her+Diamond+Jubilee+Year&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-4700-4439-1&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Mackenzie" title="Compton Mackenzie">Mackenzie, Compton</a> (1953). <i>The Queen's House</i>. London: Hutchinson.</li> <li>Nash, Roy (1980). <i>Buckingham Palace: The Place and the People</i>. London: Macdonald Futura. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-3540-4529-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-3540-4529-6">0-3540-4529-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacocke,_M._D.1951" class="citation book cs1">Peacocke, M. D. (1951). <i>The Story of Buckingham Palace</i>. London: Odhams Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Buckingham+Palace&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Odhams+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Peacocke%2C+M.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRappaport2003" class="citation book cs1">Rappaport, Helen (2003). <i>Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8510-9355-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8510-9355-7"><bdi>978-1-8510-9355-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Victoria%3A+A+Biographical+Companion&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-8510-9355-7&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuckingham+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Robinson, John Martin (1999). <i>Buckingham Palace</i>. Published by The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>, St James's Palace, London <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-9021-6336-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-9021-6336-2">1-9021-6336-2</a>.</li> <li>Williams, Neville (1971). <i>Royal Homes</i>. The Lutterworth Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7188-0803-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7188-0803-7">0-7188-0803-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Woodham-Smith" title="Cecil Woodham-Smith">Woodham-Smith, Cecil</a> (1973). <i>Queen Victoria</i> <i>(vol 1)</i> Hamish Hamilton Ltd.</li> <li>Wright, Patricia (1999; first published 1996). <i>The Strange History of Buckingham Palace</i>. Stroud, Gloucs.: Sutton Publishing Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1283-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1283-9">0-7509-1283-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buckingham_Palace" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace#Q42182" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/royal-residences-buckingham-palace">Buckingham Palace</a> at the Royal Family website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45183">Account of Buckingham Palace, with prints of Arlington House and Buckingham House</a> from <i>Old and New London</i> (1878)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=41820">Account of the acquisition of the Manor of Ebury</a> from <i>Survey of London</i> (1977)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/visit/the-state-rooms-buckingham-palace">The State Rooms, Buckingham Palace</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/5208404">Buckingham Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_palaces_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal palaces in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_royal_residences84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_residences" title="List of British royal residences">British royal residences</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle" title="Hillsborough Castle">Hillsborough Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkhall" title="Birkhall">Birkhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigowan_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Craigowan Lodge">Craigowan Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatcombe_Park" title="Gatcombe Park">Gatcombe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House</a></li> <li>Kensington Palace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Cottage" title="Ivy Cottage">Ivy Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Cottage" title="Nottingham Cottage">Nottingham Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_House" title="Wren House">Wren House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynywermod" title="Llwynywermod">Llwynywermod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anmer_Hall" title="Anmer Hall">Anmer Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Farm" title="Wood Farm">Wood Farm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarisk,_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Tamarisk, Isles of Scilly">Tamarisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatched_House_Lodge" title="Thatched House Lodge">Thatched House Lodge</a></li> <li>Windsor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Cottage" title="Adelaide Cottage">Adelaide Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagshot_Park" title="Bagshot Park">Bagshot Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogmore_Cottage" title="Frogmore Cottage">Frogmore Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lodge" title="Royal Lodge">Royal Lodge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEF;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_residences#Former_royal_residences" title="List of British royal residences">Former royal residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_landmarks228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_landmarks" title="Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_landmarks" title="Template talk:London landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_landmarks228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in London">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_London" title="Category:Bridges in London">Bridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Bridge" title="Battersea Bridge">Battersea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge" title="Blackfriars Bridge">Blackfriars Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Bridge" title="Chelsea Bridge">Chelsea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Bridge_and_Golden_Jubilee_Bridges" title="Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges">Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Bridge" title="Lambeth Bridge">Lambeth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge,_London" title="Millennium Bridge, London">Millennium Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge,_London" title="Richmond Bridge, London">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Bridge" title="Southwark Bridge">Southwark Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Bridge" title="Vauxhall Bridge">Vauxhall Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Bridge" title="Westminster Bridge">Westminster Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_venues_in_London" title="Category:Entertainment venues in London">Entertainment<br />venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinemas_in_London" title="Category:Cinemas in London">Cinemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_IMAX" title="BFI IMAX">BFI IMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire, Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Luxe_Leicester_Square" title="Odeon Luxe Leicester Square">Odeon Luxe Leicester Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Football stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> (national stadium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_Community_Stadium" title="Brentford Community Stadium">Brentford Community Stadium</a> (Brentford)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Road" title="Brisbane Road">Brisbane Road</a> (Leyton Orient)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Cottage" title="Craven Cottage">Craven Cottage</a> (Fulham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Den" title="The Den">The Den</a> (Millwall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Stadium" title="Emirates Stadium">Emirates Stadium</a> (Arsenal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Road" title="Loftus Road">Loftus Road</a> (Queens Park Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (West Ham United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane" title="Plough Lane">Plough Lane</a> (AFC Wimbledon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a> (Crystal Palace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Bridge_(stadium)" title="Stamford Bridge (stadium)">Stamford Bridge</a> (Chelsea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Valley (London)">The Valley</a> (Charlton Athletic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_Stadium" title="Tottenham Hotspur Stadium">Tottenham Hotspur Stadium</a> (Tottenham Hotspur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_London" title="Category:Sports venues in London">Other major<br />sports venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_National_Sports_Centre" title="Crystal Palace National Sports Centre">Crystal Palace National Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatres_in_London" title="Template:Theatres in London">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre" title="Adelphi Theatre">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre" title="Criterion Theatre">Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">Old Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal_Haymarket" title="Theatre Royal Haymarket">Theatre Royal Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_Theatre" title="Vaudeville Theatre">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Academy" title="Brixton Academy">Brixton Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo">Hammersmith Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall (Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall (Newham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_(building)" title="Horse Guards (building)">Horse Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_London" title="Mansion House, London">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIS_Building" title="SIS Building">SIS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_House" title="Thames House">Thames House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hinde_(1973)" title="Golden Hinde (1973)"><i>Golden Hinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in London">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">Regent's Park Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow" title="St Mary-le-Bow">St Mary-le-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Retailing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shops_in_London" title="Category:Shops in London">Shops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamleys" title="Hamleys">Hamleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)" title="Liberty (department store)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street" title="Selfridges, Oxford Street">Selfridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_London" title="Category:Shopping centres in London">Shopping centres</a><br />and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross_Shopping_Centre" title="Brent Cross Shopping Centre">Brent Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Arcade" title="Kensington Arcade">Kensington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_New_Change" title="One New Change">One New Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City" title="Westfield Stratford City">Westfield Stratford City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_buildings_in_London" title="Category:Royal buildings in London">Royal buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Partly occupied by<br />the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Unoccupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery">The Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_London" title="Category:Skyscrapers in London">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street" title="20 Fenchurch Street">20 Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122_Leadenhall_Street" title="122 Leadenhall Street">122 Leadenhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgate_Tower" title="Broadgate Tower">Broadgate Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre_(London)" title="Citigroup Centre (London)">Citigroup Centre (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gherkin" title="The Gherkin">The Gherkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Tower" title="Heron Tower">Heron Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Wharf_Tower" title="St George Wharf Tower">St George Wharf Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">Monument to the Great Fire of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">City Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_station" title="Blackfriars station">Blackfriars station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" title="Fenchurch Street railway station">Fenchurch Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_station" title="Stratford station">Stratford station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">Victoria Coach Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Power_Station" title="Battersea Power Station">Battersea Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd's building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_Tower" title="Oxo Tower">Oxo Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithfield Market">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Parks_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Parks of London">Royal Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Green,_London" title="College Green, London">College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon Common</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Squares_in_London" title="Squares in London">Squares</a> and<br />public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Parade" title="Horse Guards Parade">Horse Guards Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Square" title="Sloane Square">Sloane Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_London" title="Category:Streets in London">Streets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych" title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street" title="Bond Street">Bond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Street" title="Denmark Street">Denmark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street" title="Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Avenue,_Hounslow" title="Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow">Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Street" title="Sloane Street">Sloane Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road" title="Tottenham Court Road">Tottenham Court Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1869" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42182#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1869" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42182#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000446582456">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135411769">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4214728-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85017434">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49682811">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Buckingham Palace (Londýn, Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=olak2011619653&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1602157051524">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000133484&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/41259">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007294685405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20009418">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500301709">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10676527">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Buckingham_Palace&params=51_30_3_N_0_8_31_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′3″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°8′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.50083°N 0.14194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.50083; -0.14194</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&oldid=1276028427">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buckingham_Palace&oldid=1276028427</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buckingham_Palace" title="Category:Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1837_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1837 establishments in England">1837 establishments in England</a></li><li><a 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