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<ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Symptoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardinal_signs_and_symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinal_signs_and_symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cardinal signs and symptoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinal_signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syndrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syndrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Syndrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syndrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Related terms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_terms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related terms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symptomatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symptomatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Symptomatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symptomatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prodrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prodrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Prodrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prodrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonspecific_symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonspecific_symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nonspecific symptoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonspecific_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Vital signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syndromes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syndromes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Syndromes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syndromes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positive_and_negative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_and_negative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Positive and negative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive_and_negative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamic_and_static" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamic_and_static"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Dynamic and static</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamic_and_static-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neuropsychiatric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuropsychiatric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Neuropsychiatric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neuropsychiatric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiologic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiologic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Radiologic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiologic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardinal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Cardinal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reflexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reflexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Reflexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reflexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Facies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anamnestic_signs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anamnestic_signs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Anamnestic signs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anamnestic_signs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asymptomatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asymptomatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Asymptomatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asymptomatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symptomatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symptomatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Symptomatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symptomatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_medical_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_medical_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Development of medical testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_medical_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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symptoms</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="العلامات والأعراض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العلامات والأعراض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="নিদর্শন ও লক্ষণ-উপসর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিদর্শন ও লক্ষণ-উপসর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znakovi_i_simptomi" title="Znakovi i simptomi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Znakovi i simptomi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signes_i_s%C3%ADmptomes" title="Signes i símptomes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Signes i símptomes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85_%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="علائم و نشانه‌های بیماری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علائم و نشانه‌های بیماری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%95%ED%9B%84_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A6%9D%EC%83%81" title="징후 및 증상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="징후 및 증상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Ախտանիշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ախտանիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82" title="രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങളും അടയാളങ്ങളും – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രോഗലക്ഷണങ്ങളും അടയാളങ്ങളും" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%87%E7%8A%B6%E3%81%A8%E5%BE%B4%E5%80%99" title="症状と徴候 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="症状と徴候" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinais_e_sintomas" title="Sinais e sintomas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinais e sintomas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Signs and symptoms" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belirti_ve_semptomlar" title="Belirti ve semptomlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belirti ve semptomlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Ознаки та симптоми – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ознаки та симптоми" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%87%E7%8B%80%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%B5%E5%80%99" title="症狀和徵候 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indications of a specific illness, including psychiatric</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg/290px-Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg/435px-Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg/580px-Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Signs (including <a href="/wiki/Hepatosplenomegaly" title="Hepatosplenomegaly">enlarged liver and spleen</a>) and symptoms (including headache and vomiting) of acute <a href="/wiki/HIV_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV infection">HIV infection</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Signs and symptoms</b> are diagnostic indications of an <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">illness</a>, injury, or condition. </p><p>Signs are objective and externally observable; symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sign for example may be a higher or lower temperature than normal, raised or lowered blood pressure or an abnormality showing on a <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical scan</a>. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-CTG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signs">Signs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A medical sign is an <a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(science)" title="Objectivity (science)">objective</a> observable indication of a disease, injury, or <a href="/wiki/Medical_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical condition">medical condition</a> that may be detected during a <a href="/wiki/Physical_examination" title="Physical examination">physical examination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MW2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These signs may be visible, such as a <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rash</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bruise" title="Bruise">bruise</a>, or otherwise detectable such as by <a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">using a stethoscope</a> or taking <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>. Medical signs, along with <a href="/wiki/Symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptom">symptoms</a>, help in forming a <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a>. Some examples of signs are <a href="/wiki/Nail_clubbing" title="Nail clubbing">nail clubbing</a> of either the fingernails or toenails<sup id="cite_ref-r465_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r465-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or an <a href="/wiki/Abnormal_gait" class="mw-redirect" title="Abnormal gait">abnormal gait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-g049_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g049-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A symptom is something felt or experienced, such as pain or dizziness. Signs and symptoms are not mutually exclusive, for example a subjective feeling of fever can be noted as sign by using a thermometer that registers a high reading.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> lists various diseases by their signs and symptoms such as for <a href="/wiki/Measles#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Measles">measles</a> which includes a high <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conjunctivitis" title="Conjunctivitis">conjunctivitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a>, followed a few days later by the measles <a href="/wiki/Maculopapular_rash" title="Maculopapular rash">rash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardinal_signs_and_symptoms">Cardinal signs and symptoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cardinal signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cardinal signs and symptoms are very specific even to the point of being <a href="/wiki/Pathognomonic" title="Pathognomonic">pathognomonic</a>. A cardinal sign or cardinal symptom can also refer to the major sign or symptom of a disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Basu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abnormal <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexes</a> can indicate problems with the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>. Signs and symptoms are also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to the <a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_pregnancy" title="Signs and symptoms of pregnancy">signs and symptoms of pregnancy</a>, or the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>. Sometimes a disease may be present without showing any signs or symptoms when it is known as being <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disorder may be discovered through tests including scans. An <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a> may be asymptomatic but still be <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (medicine)">transmissible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syndrome">Syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">Syndrome</a></div> <p>Signs and symptoms are often non-specific, but some combinations can be suggestive of certain <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnoses</a>, helping to narrow down what may be wrong. A particular set of characteristic signs and symptoms that may be associated with a disorder is known as a <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndrome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symptomatic">Symptomatic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Symptomatic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a disease is evidenced by symptoms it is known as <b>symptomatic</b>. There are many conditions including <a href="/wiki/Subclinical_infection" title="Subclinical infection">subclinical infections</a> that display no symptoms, and these are termed <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>. </p><p>Signs and symptoms may be mild or severe, brief or longer-lasting when they may become reduced (<a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">remission</a>), or then recur (<a href="/wiki/Relapse" title="Relapse">relapse</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recrudescence" title="Recrudescence">recrudescence</a>) known as a <a href="/wiki/Disease#Stages" title="Disease">flare-up</a>. A flare-up may show more severe symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Shiel_2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shiel_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <a href="/wiki/Chief_complaint" title="Chief complaint">chief complaint</a>, also "presenting problem", is used to describe the initial concern of an individual when seeking medical help, and once this is clearly noted a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_present_illness" title="History of the present illness">history of the present illness</a> may be taken. The symptom that ultimately leads to a <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a> is called a cardinal symptom.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some symptoms can be misleading as a result of <a href="/wiki/Referred_pain" title="Referred pain">referred pain</a>, where for example a pain in the right shoulder may be due to <a href="/wiki/Cholecystitis" title="Cholecystitis">an inflamed gallbladder</a> and not to presumed muscle strain.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison's_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison's-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prodrome">Prodrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prodrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many diseases have an early <a href="/wiki/Prodromal" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodromal">prodromal</a> stage where a few signs and symptoms may suggest the presence of a disorder before further specific symptoms may emerge. <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">Measles</a> for example has a prodromal presentation that includes a hacking cough, fever, and <a href="/wiki/Koplik%27s_spots" title="Koplik's spots">Koplik's spots</a> in the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-MSD_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSD-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over half of <a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">migraine</a> episodes have a prodromal phase.<sup id="cite_ref-Five2004_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Five2004-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia#Onset" title="Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a> has a notable prodromal stage,<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as has <a href="/wiki/Dementia#Prodromal" title="Dementia">dementia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonspecific_symptoms">Nonspecific symptoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nonspecific symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some symptoms are <i>specific</i>, that is, they are associated with a single, specific medical condition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Nonspecific symptoms</i>, sometimes also called <i>equivocal symptoms</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are not specific to a particular condition. They include unexplained weight loss, headache, pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, night sweats, and <a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">malaise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-concept_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concept-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of three particular nonspecific symptoms – fever, night sweats, and weight loss – over a period of six months are termed <a href="/wiki/B_symptoms" title="B symptoms">B symptoms</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a> and indicate a poor prognosis.<sup id="cite_ref-ILS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ILS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sub-types of symptoms include: </p> <ul><li><i>constitutional</i> or <i>general symptoms</i>, which affect general well-being or the whole body, such as a fever;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>concomitant symptoms</i>, which are symptoms that occur at the same time as the primary symptom;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>prodromal symptoms</i>, which are the first symptoms of an bigger set of problems;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>delayed symptoms</i>, which happen some time after the trigger;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li><i>objective symptoms</i>, which are symptoms whose existence can be observed and confirmed by a healthcare provider.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_signs">Vital signs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vital signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vital_signs" title="Vital signs">Vital signs</a> are the four signs that can give an immediate measurement of the body's overall functioning and health status. They are <a href="/wiki/Body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Body temperature">temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breathing_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Breathing rate">breathing rate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Reference_ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference ranges">ranges</a> of these measurements vary with age, weight, gender and with general health.<sup id="cite_ref-ProHealth_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProHealth-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A digital application has been developed for use in clinical settings that measures three of the vital signs (not temperature) using just a <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>, and has been approved by <a href="/wiki/NHS_England" title="NHS England">NHS England</a>. The application is registered as <i>Lifelight First</i>, and <i>Lifelight Home</i> is under development (2020) for monitoring-use by people at home using just the camera on their smartphone or tablet. This will additionally measure <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_saturation_(medicine)" title="Oxygen saturation (medicine)">oxygen saturation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">atrial fibrillation</a>. Other devices are then not needed.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syndromes">Syndromes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syndromes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_syndromes" title="List of syndromes">List of syndromes</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_triads,_tetrads,_and_pentads" title="List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads">List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads</a></div> <p>Many conditions are indicated by a group of known signs, or signs and symptoms. These can be a group of three known as a triad; a group of four ("tetrad"); or a group of five ("pentad").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An example of a triad is <a href="/wiki/Meltzer%27s_triad" title="Meltzer's triad">Meltzer's triad</a> presenting <a href="/wiki/Purpura" title="Purpura">purpura</a> a rash, <a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">arthralgia</a> painful joints, and <a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">myalgia</a> painful and weak muscles. Meltzer's triad indicates the condition <a href="/wiki/Cryoglobulinemia" title="Cryoglobulinemia">cryoglobulinemia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease" title="Huntington's disease">Huntington's disease</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease" title="Neurodegenerative disease">neurodegenerative disease</a> that is characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric signs and symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large number of these groups that can be characteristic of a particular disease are known as a <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndrome</a>. <a href="/wiki/Noonan_syndrome" title="Noonan syndrome">Noonan syndrome</a> for example, has a diagnostic set of unique facial and musculoskeletal features.<sup id="cite_ref-Genetics_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genetics-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some syndromes such as <a href="/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome" title="Nephrotic syndrome">nephrotic syndrome</a> may have a number of underlying causes that are all related to diseases that affect the <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIDDK_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIDDK-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes a child or young adult may have symptoms suggestive of a <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorder</a> that cannot be <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">identified</a> even after <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a>. In such cases the term <a href="/wiki/Syndrome_without_a_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndrome without a name">SWAN</a> (syndrome without a name) may be used. Often a diagnosis may be made at some future point when other more specific symptoms emerge but many cases may remain undiagnosed. The inability to diagnose may be due to a unique combination of symptoms or an overlap of conditions, or to the symptoms being atypical of a known disorder, or to the disorder being extremely rare.<sup id="cite_ref-swan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is possible that a person with a particular syndrome might not display every single one of the signs and/or symptoms that compose/define a syndrome.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive_and_negative">Positive and negative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Positive and negative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sensory symptoms can also be described as <b>positive symptoms</b>, or as <b>negative symptoms</b> depending on whether the symptom is abnormally present such as tingling or itchiness, or abnormally absent such as <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">loss of smell</a>. The following terms are used for negative symptoms – <a href="/wiki/Hypoesthesia" title="Hypoesthesia">hypoesthesia</a> is a partial loss of sensitivity to moderate stimuli, such as pressure, touch, warmth, cold. <a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">Anesthesia</a> is the complete loss of sensitivity to stronger stimuli, such as pinprick. <a href="/wiki/Hypoalgesia" title="Hypoalgesia">Hypoalgesia</a> (analgesia) is loss of sensation to painful stimuli.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Symptoms are also grouped in to negative and positive for some <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SGG_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGG-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia#Positive_symptoms" title="Schizophrenia">Positive symptoms</a> are those that are present in the disorder and are not normally experienced by most individuals and reflects an excess or distortion of normal functions;<sup id="cite_ref-Understanding_Psychosis_Fact_Sheet_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Understanding_Psychosis_Fact_Sheet-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> examples are <a href="/wiki/Hallucinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinations">hallucinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Delusions">delusions</a>, and bizarre behavior.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia#Negative_symptoms" title="Schizophrenia">Negative symptoms</a> are functions that are normally found but that are diminished or absent, such as <a href="/wiki/Apathy" title="Apathy">apathy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhedonia" title="Anhedonia">anhedonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Understanding_Psychosis_Fact_Sheet_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Understanding_Psychosis_Fact_Sheet-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic_and_static">Dynamic and static</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dynamic and static"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dynamic symptoms are capable of change depending on circumstance, whereas static symptoms are fixed or unchanging regardless of circumstance. For example, the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Exercise_intolerance" title="Exercise intolerance">exercise intolerance</a> are dynamic as they are brought on by exercise, but alleviate during rest. Fixed <a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">muscle weakness</a> is a static symptom as the muscle will be weak regardless of exercise or rest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A majority of patients with <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_myopathy" title="Metabolic myopathy">metabolic myopathies</a> have dynamic rather than static findings, typically experiencing exercise intolerance, muscle pain, and cramps with exercise rather than fixed weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those with the metabolic myopathy of <a href="/wiki/Glycogen_storage_disease_type_V" title="Glycogen storage disease type V">McArdle's disease (GSD-V)</a> and some individuals with <a href="/wiki/Phosphoglucomutase#Disease_relevance" title="Phosphoglucomutase">phosphoglucomutase deficiency (CDG1T/GSD-XIV)</a>, initially experience exercise intolerance during mild-moderate aerobic exercise, but the symptoms alleviate after 6–10 minutes in what is known as "<a href="/wiki/Second_wind" title="Second wind">second wind</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neuropsychiatric">Neuropsychiatric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Neuropsychiatric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms are present in many <a href="/wiki/Degenerative_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Degenerative disorder">degenerative disorders</a> including <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>. Symptoms commonly include <a href="/wiki/Apathy" title="Apathy">apathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease#Neuropsychiatric_symptoms" title="Wilson's disease">Neurological and psychiatric symptoms</a> are also present in some <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease" title="Wilson's disease">Wilson's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIDDK1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIDDK1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Executive_dysfunction" title="Executive dysfunction">executive dysfunction</a> are often found in many disorders including <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ADHD" class="mw-redirect" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lesh_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lesh-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radiologic">Radiologic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Radiologic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Radiologic_sign" title="Radiologic sign">Radiologic signs</a> are abnormal <a href="/wiki/Medical_findings" title="Medical findings">medical findings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">imaging scanning</a>. These include the <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse_sign" title="Mickey Mouse sign">Mickey Mouse sign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_S_sign" title="Golden S sign">Golden S sign</a>. When using imaging to find the cause of a complaint, another unrelated finding may be found known as an <a href="/wiki/Incidental_imaging_finding" title="Incidental imaging finding">incidental finding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ18_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ18-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardinal">Cardinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cardinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cardinal signs and symptoms are those that may be diagnostic, and <a href="/wiki/Pathognomonic" title="Pathognomonic">pathognomonic</a> – of a certainty of diagnosis. <a href="/wiki/Inflammation#Cardinal_signs" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a> for example has a recognised group of cardinal signs and symptoms,<sup id="cite_ref-Freire_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freire-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">exacerbations of chronic bronchitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Parkinson%27s_disease#Cardinal_signs" title="Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>. </p><p>In contrast to a pathognomonic cardinal sign, the absence of a sign or symptom can often rule out a condition. This is known by the Latin term <i><a href="/wiki/Sine_qua_non" title="Sine qua non">sine qua non</a></i>. For example, the absence of known genetic mutations <a href="/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity" title="Sensitivity and specificity">specific</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary disease">hereditary disease</a> would rule out that disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynch_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynch-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example is where the <a href="/wiki/Vagina#Infections,_diseases,_and_safe_sex" title="Vagina">vaginal pH</a> is less than 4.5, a diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis" title="Bacterial vaginosis">bacterial vaginosis</a> would be excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-Manka_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manka-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reflexes">Reflexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reflexes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflex</a> is an automatic response in the body to a stimulus.<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its absence, reduced (hypoactive), or exaggerated (hyperactive) response can be a sign of damage to the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Patellar_reflex" title="Patellar reflex">patellar reflex</a> (knee-jerk) for example, its reduction or absence is known as <a href="/wiki/Westphal%27s_sign" title="Westphal's sign">Westphal's sign</a> and may indicate damage to <a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Lower motor neuron lesion">lower motor neurons</a>. When the response is exaggerated damage to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Upper motor neuron lesion">upper motor neurons</a> may be indicated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facies">Facies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Facies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Medical_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical condition">medical conditions</a> are associated with a distinctive facial expression or appearance known as a <a href="/wiki/Facies_(medical)" title="Facies (medical)">facies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M-W2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is <a href="/wiki/Elfin_facies" title="Elfin facies">elfin facies</a> which has facial features like those of the <a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">elf</a>, and this may be associated with <a href="/wiki/Williams_syndrome" title="Williams syndrome">Williams syndrome</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Donohue_syndrome" title="Donohue syndrome">Donohue syndrome</a>. The most well-known facies is probably the <a href="/wiki/Hippocratic_facies" title="Hippocratic facies">Hippocratic facies</a> that is seen on a person as they near death.<sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick_1978_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick_1978-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anamnestic_signs">Anamnestic signs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Anamnestic signs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">Anamnestic signs</a> (from <i>anamnēstikós</i>, ἀναμνηστικός, "able to recall to mind") are signs that indicate a past condition, for example paralysis in an arm may indicate a past <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King_1982_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_1982-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 81">: 81 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asymptomatic">Asymptomatic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Asymptomatic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some diseases including <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancers</a>, and infections may be present but show no signs or symptoms and these are known as <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A gallstone may be asymptomatic and only discovered as an <a href="/wiki/Incidental_finding" class="mw-redirect" title="Incidental finding">incidental finding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MW_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Easily spreadable viral infections such as <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> may be asymptomatic but may still be <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (medicine)">transmissible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symptomatology">Symptomatology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Symptomatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A symptom (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls",<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling. Symptomatology (also called semiology) is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> dealing with the signs and symptoms of a disease.<sup id="cite_ref-BMA_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MW1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MW3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This study also includes the <a href="/wiki/Indication_(medicine)" title="Indication (medicine)">indications</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first described as <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stubbe" title="Henry Stubbe">Henry Stubbe</a> in 1670 a term now used for the study of <a href="/wiki/Semiosis" title="Semiosis">sign communication</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prior to the nineteenth century there was little difference in the powers of observation between physician and patient. Most medical practice was conducted as a co-operative interaction between the physician and patient; this was gradually replaced by a "monolithic consensus of opinion imposed from within the community of medical investigators".<sup id="cite_ref-Jewson_1974_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewson_1974-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewson_1976_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewson_1976-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst each noticed much the same things, the physician had a more informed interpretation of those things: "the physicians knew what the findings meant and the layman did not".<sup id="cite_ref-King_1982_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_1982-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_medical_testing">Development of medical testing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Development of medical testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medical_test" title="Medical test">Medical test</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg/220px-Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg/330px-Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg/440px-Laennec_-_Th%C3%A9obald_Chartran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Painting of <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Laennec" title="René Laennec">René Laennec</a> in 1816 using an early method of <a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">auscultation</a> on a man with <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A number of advances introduced mostly in the 19th century, allowed for more objective assessment by the physician in search of a diagnosis, and less need of input from the patient.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewson_1974_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewson_1974-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewson_1976_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewson_1976-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid3413276_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3413276-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 20th century the introduction of a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">imaging techniques</a> and other testing methods such as <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry#Tests" title="Clinical chemistry">clinical chemistry tests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_diagnostics" title="Molecular diagnostics">molecular diagnostics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pathogenomics" title="Pathogenomics">pathogenomics</a> have made a huge impact on diagnostic capability.<sup id="cite_ref-Demuth_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demuth-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In 1761 the <a href="/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)" title="Percussion (medicine)">percussion</a> technique for diagnosing respiratory conditions was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Auenbrugger" title="Leopold Auenbrugger">Leopold Auenbrugger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bedford_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bedford-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method of tapping body cavities to note any abnormal sounds had already been in practice for a long time in cardiology.<sup id="cite_ref-Bedford_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bedford-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Percussion of the thorax became more widely known after 1808 with the translation of Auenbrugger's work from Latin into French by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Corvisart" title="Jean-Nicolas Corvisart">Jean-Nicolas Corvisart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bynum_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1819 the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Stethoscope" title="Stethoscope">stethoscope</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Laennec" title="René Laennec">René Laennec</a> began to replace the centuries-old technique of immediate <a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">auscultation</a> – listening to the heart by placing the ear directly on the chest, with mediate auscultation using the stethoscope to listen to the sounds of the heart and respiratory tract. Laennec's publication was translated into English, 1824, by <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_(physician)#Publications" title="John Forbes (physician)">John Forbes</a>.</li> <li>The 1846 introduction by surgeon <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(surgeon)" title="John Hutchinson (surgeon)">John Hutchinson</a> (1811–1861) of the <a href="/wiki/Spirometer" title="Spirometer">spirometer</a>, an apparatus for assessing the mechanical properties of the lungs via measurements of forced exhalation and forced inhalation. (The recorded <a href="/wiki/Lung_volumes" title="Lung volumes">lung volumes</a> and air flow rates are used to <a href="/wiki/Spirometry" title="Spirometry">distinguish between</a> restrictive disease (in which the lung volumes are decreased: e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a>) and obstructive diseases (in which the lung volume is normal but the air flow rate is impeded; e.g., <a href="/wiki/Pneumatosis#Lungs" title="Pneumatosis">emphysema</a>).)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The 1851 invention by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> (1821–1894) of the <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmoscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmoscope">ophthalmoscope</a>, which allowed physicians to examine the inside of the human eye.</li> <li>The (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>) immediate widespread clinical use of <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Allbutt" title="Clifford Allbutt">Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt's</a> (1836–1925) six-inch (rather than twelve-inch) pocket <a href="/wiki/Medical_thermometer" title="Medical thermometer">clinical thermometer</a>, which he had devised in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1882 introduction of bacterial cultures by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a>, initially for <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, being the first laboratory test to confirm bacterial infections.</li> <li>The 1895 clinical use of <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a> which began almost immediately after they had been discovered that year by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> (1845–1923).</li> <li>The 1896 introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Sphygmomanometer" title="Sphygmomanometer">sphygmomanometer</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Riva-Rocci" title="Scipione Riva-Rocci">Scipione Riva-Rocci</a> (1863–1937), to measure <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recognition of signs, and noting of symptoms may lead to a diagnosis. Otherwise a <a href="/wiki/Physical_examination" title="Physical examination">physical examination</a> may be carried out, and a <a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">medical history</a> taken. Further <a href="/wiki/Medical_test#Diagnostic" title="Medical test">diagnostic medical tests</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Blood_test" title="Blood test">blood tests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">scans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biopsies" class="mw-redirect" title="Biopsies">biopsies</a>, may be needed. An <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> for example would soon be diagnostic of a suspected <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">bone fracture</a>. A noted significance detected during an examination or from a medical test may be known as a <a href="/wiki/Medical_finding" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical finding">medical finding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Free_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Free-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymous_medical_signs" title="List of eponymous medical signs">List of eponymous medical signs</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_symptoms#Medical_signs_and_symptoms" title="List of medical symptoms">List of medical symptoms § Medical signs and symptoms</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascites" title="Ascites">Ascites</a> (build-up of fluid in the abdomen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_clubbing" title="Nail clubbing">Nail clubbing</a> (deformed nails)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_rattle" title="Death rattle">Death rattle</a> (last moments of life)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Hemoptysis</a> (blood-stained sputum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaundice" title="Jaundice">Jaundice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organomegaly" title="Organomegaly">Organomegaly</a> an enlarged organ such as the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hepatomegaly" title="Hepatomegaly">hepatomegaly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_erythema" title="Palmar erythema">Palmar erythema</a> (reddening of hands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersalivation" title="Hypersalivation">Hypersalivation</a> excessive (saliva)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_loss#Unintentional" title="Weight loss">Unintentional weight loss</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/18px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/24px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomarker_(medicine)" title="Biomarker (medicine)">Biomarker (medicine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_neurologic_signs" title="Focal neurologic signs">Focal neurologic signs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_and_symptoms&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSadockSadock2008" class="citation book cs1">Sadock BJ, Sadock VA (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubG51n2NgfwC&pg=PA21"><i>Kaplan & Sadock's Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&rft.atitle=Constitutional+symptom+%28Concept+Id%3A+C0009812%29+%E2%80%93+MedGen+%E2%80%93+NCBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedgen%2F3593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ILS_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lls.org/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/signs-and-symptoms">"Lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/signs-and-symptoms"</a>. <i>www.lls.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405215321/https://www.lls.org/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/signs-and-symptoms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lls.org&rft.atitle=Lymphoma%2Fnon-hodgkin-lymphoma%2Fsigns-and-symptoms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lls.org%2Flymphoma%2Fnon-hodgkin-lymphoma%2Fsigns-and-symptoms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"general symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"constitutional symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"concomitant symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"prodromal symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"delayed symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{1}}}.htm">"objective symptom"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProHealth-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ProHealth_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/">"Vital Signs Table – Prohealthsys"</a>. 3 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227194342/https://www.prohealthsys.com/central/assessment/physical-assessment/vital-signs/vital_signs_table/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Diabetes+and+Digestive+and+Kidney+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nephrotic+Syndrome+in+Adults+%7C+NIDDK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niddk.nih.gov%2Fhealth-information%2Fkidney-disease%2Fnephrotic-syndrome-adults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swan-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-swan_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/">"What does SWAN or being undiagnosed mean? | SWAN UK"</a>. <i>www.undiagnosed.org.uk</i>. 22 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612112557/https://www.undiagnosed.org.uk/support-information/what-does-swan-or-being-undiagnosed-mean/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"[The value of determining vaginal secretion reaction (pH) as a screening test of bacterial vaginosis]". <i>Wiad Lek</i> (in Polish). <b>55</b> (1–2): 51–5. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12043316">12043316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiad+Lek&rft.atitle=%5BThe+value+of+determining+vaginal+secretion+reaction+%28pH%29+as+a+screening+test+of+bacterial+vaginosis%5D&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=51-5&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12043316&rft.aulast=Ma%C5%84ka&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Adrianowicz%2C+L&rft.au=Weso%C5%82ek%2C+Z&rft.au=Adrianowicz%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M-W-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M-W_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reflex">"Definition of REFLEX"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. 30 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208214027/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reflex">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+REFLEX&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Freflex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M-W2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M-W2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies">"Definition of FACIES"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210132817/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin. 1978. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hippocraticwriti0000hipp/page/170">170–71</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044451-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044451-3"><bdi>0-14-044451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hippocratic+writings&rft.place=Harmondsworth%2C+UK&rft.pages=170-71&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-14-044451-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhippocraticwriti0000hipp%2Fpage%2F170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASigns+and+symptoms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_1982-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_1982_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_1982_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing,_Lester_S.1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lester_S._King" title="Lester S. King">King, Lester S.</a> (1982). <i>Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface</i>. 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Perseus.tufts.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201104133/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2398870">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referred_pain" title="Referred pain">Referred pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">Angina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levine%27s_sign" title="Levine's sign">Levine's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">Auscultation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_sounds" title="Heart sounds">Heart sounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Split_S2" title="Split S2">Split S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_heart_sound" title="Third heart sound">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_heart_sound" title="Fourth heart sound">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallop_rhythm" title="Gallop rhythm">Gallop rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_murmur" title="Heart murmur">Heart murmur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systolic_heart_murmur" title="Systolic heart murmur">Systolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Functional_murmur" title="Functional murmur">Functional murmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still%27s_murmur" title="Still's murmur">Still's murmur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastolic_heart_murmur" title="Diastolic heart murmur">Diastolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary insufficiency">Pulmonary insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Steell_murmur" title="Graham Steell murmur">Graham Steell murmur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_murmurs" title="Continuous murmurs">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Coombs_murmur" title="Carey Coombs murmur">Carey Coombs murmur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitral_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral insufficiency">Mitral insufficiency</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presystolic_murmur" title="Presystolic murmur">Presystolic murmur</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericardial_friction_rub" title="Pericardial friction rub">Pericardial friction rub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_click" title="Heart click">Heart click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruit" title="Bruit">Bruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_bruit" title="Carotid bruit">carotid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pulse" title="Pulse">Pulse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">Tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">Bradycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_paradoxus" title="Pulsus paradoxus">Pulsus paradoxus</a></li> <li><i>doubled</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_bisferiens" title="Pulsus bisferiens">Pulsus bisferiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_bigeminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulsus bigeminus">Pulsus bigeminus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_alternans" title="Pulsus alternans">Pulsus alternans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">Palpitations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apex_beat" title="Apex beat">Apex beat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%93ur_en_sabot" title="Cœur en sabot">Cœur en sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_venous_pressure" title="Jugular venous pressure">Jugular venous pressure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_A_waves" title="Cannon A waves">Cannon A waves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperaemia" title="Hyperaemia">Hyperaemia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">Shock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock" title="Cardiogenic shock">Cardiogenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_shock" title="Obstructive shock">Obstructive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypovolemia" title="Hypovolemia">Hypovolemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributive_shock" title="Distributive shock">Distributive</a></li> <li>See further <a href="/wiki/Template:Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Shock">Template:Shock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aortic_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic insufficiency">Aortic insufficiency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collapsing_pulse" title="Collapsing pulse">Collapsing pulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Musset%27s_sign" title="De Musset's sign">De Musset's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duroziez%27s_sign" title="Duroziez's sign">Duroziez's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller%27s_sign" title="Müller's sign">Müller's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Flint_murmur" title="Austin Flint murmur">Austin Flint murmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayne%27s_sign" title="Mayne's sign">Mayne's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Endocardium" title="Endocardium">endocardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">endocarditis</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roth%27s_spot" title="Roth's spot">Roth's spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeway_lesion" title="Janeway lesion">Janeway lesion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Osler%27s_node" title="Osler's node">Osler's node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracht%E2%80%93Wachter_bodies" title="Bracht–Wachter bodies">Bracht–Wachter bodies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pericardium" title="Pericardium">Pericardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_tamponade" title="Cardiac tamponade">Cardiac tamponade</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pericardial_effusion" title="Pericardial effusion">Pericardial effusion</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Beck%27s_triad_(cardiology)" title="Beck's triad (cardiology)">Beck's triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewart%27s_sign" title="Ewart's sign">Ewart's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anitschkow_cell" title="Anitschkow cell">Anitschkow cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschoff_body" title="Aschoff body">Aschoff body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">EKG</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_wave" title="J wave">J wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallavardin_phenomenon" title="Gallavardin phenomenon">Gallavardin phenomenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm" title="Aortic aneurysm">aortic aneurysm</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardarelli%27s_sign" title="Cardarelli's sign">Cardarelli's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_sign" title="Oliver's sign">Oliver's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_heart_strain" title="Right heart strain">Right heart strain</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radial_artery" title="Radial artery">radial artery sufficiency</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_test" title="Allen's test">Allen's test</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudohypertension" title="Pseudohypertension">pseudohypertension</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lines_of_Zahn" title="Lines of Zahn">Lines of Zahn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adson%27s_sign" title="Adson's sign">Adson's sign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_fistula" title="Arteriovenous fistula">arteriovenous fistula</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicoladoni%E2%80%93Branham_sign" title="Nicoladoni–Branham sign">Nicoladoni–Branham sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Venous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedreich%27s_sign" title="Friedreich's sign">Friedreich's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caput_medusae" title="Caput medusae">Caput medusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussmaul%27s_sign" title="Kussmaul's sign">Kussmaul's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendelenburg_test" title="Trendelenburg test">Trendelenburg test</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava_syndrome" title="Superior vena cava syndrome">superior vena cava syndrome</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton%27s_sign" title="Pemberton's sign">Pemberton's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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to perception, emotion and behaviour"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symptoms_and_signs_related_to_perception,_emotion_and_behaviour" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symptoms and signs related to perception, emotion and behaviour"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_perception,_emotion_and_behaviour" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Behaviour">behaviour</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">Confusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">Delirium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">Psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">Delusion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">Amnesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia" title="Anterograde amnesia">Anterograde amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_amnesia" title="Retrograde amnesia">Retrograde amnesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convulsion" title="Convulsion">Convulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">Dizziness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disequilibrium_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disequilibrium (medicine)">Disequilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presyncope" class="mw-redirect" title="Presyncope">Presyncope</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lightheadedness" title="Lightheadedness">Lightheadedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">Fear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">Paranoia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostility" title="Hostility">Hostility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irritability" title="Irritability">Irritability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">Suicidal ideation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verbosity" title="Verbosity">Verbosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_sign" title="Russell's sign">Russell's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_processing_disorder" title="Sensory processing disorder">Sensory processing disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auditory_hallucination" title="Auditory hallucination">Auditory hallucination</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfaction">Smell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">Anosmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">Hyposmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysosmia" title="Dysosmia">Dysosmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parosmia" title="Parosmia">Parosmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantosmia" title="Phantosmia">Phantosmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperosmia" title="Hyperosmia">Hyperosmia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesthesia" title="Synesthesia">Synesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">Taste</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageusia" title="Ageusia">Ageusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">Hypogeusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgeusia" title="Dysgeusia">Dysgeusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergeusia" title="Hypergeusia">Hypergeusia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_human_digestive_system_or_abdomen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_human_digestive_system_or_abdomen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">human digestive system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal<br />tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">Nausea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">Heartburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerophagia" title="Aerophagia">Aerophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)">Pica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichophagia" title="Trichophagia">Trichophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagophagia" title="Pagophagia">Pagophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geophagia" title="Geophagia">Geophagia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphagia" title="Dysphagia">Dysphagia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oropharyngeal_dysphagia" title="Oropharyngeal dysphagia">oropharyngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_dysphagia" title="Esophageal dysphagia">esophageal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odynophagia" title="Odynophagia">Odynophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_breath" title="Bad breath">Bad breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerostomia" title="Xerostomia">Xerostomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersalivation" title="Hypersalivation">Hypersalivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burping" title="Burping">Burping</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodsall%27s_rule" title="Goodsall's rule">Goodsall's rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilaiditi_syndrome" title="Chilaiditi syndrome">Chilaiditi syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance%27s_sign" title="Dance's sign">Dance's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_sign" title="Aaron's sign">Aaron's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapov%27s_contracture" title="Arapov's contracture">Arapov's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markle%27s_sign" title="Markle's sign">Markle's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McBurney%27s_point" title="McBurney's point">McBurney's point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherren%27s_triangle" title="Sherren's triangle">Sherren's triangle</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Radiologic_sign" title="Radiologic sign">Radiologic signs</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hampton%27s_line" title="Hampton's line">Hampton's line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm%27s_sign" title="Klemm's sign">Klemm's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Councilman_body" title="Councilman body">Councilman body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallory_body" title="Mallory body">Mallory body</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>biliary:</i> <a href="/wiki/Boas%27_sign" title="Boas' sign">Boas' sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courvoisier%27s_law" title="Courvoisier's law">Courvoisier's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot%27s_cholangitis_triad" title="Charcot's cholangitis triad">Charcot's cholangitis triad</a>/<a href="/wiki/Reynolds%27_pentad" title="Reynolds' pentad">Reynolds' pentad</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cholecystitis" title="Cholecystitis">cholecystitis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Murphy%27s_sign" title="Murphy's sign">Murphy's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9pine%27s_sign" title="Lépine's sign">Lépine's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirizzi%27s_syndrome" title="Mirizzi's syndrome">Mirizzi's syndrome</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nardi_test" title="Nardi test">Nardi test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">Defecation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">Flatulence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_incontinence" title="Fecal incontinence">Fecal incontinence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Encopresis" title="Encopresis">encopresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_occult_blood" title="Fecal occult blood">Fecal occult blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_tenesmus" title="Rectal tenesmus">Rectal tenesmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">Constipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructed_defecation" title="Obstructed defecation">Obstructed defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_discharge" title="Rectal discharge">Rectal discharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abdomen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">Abdominal pain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_abdomen" title="Acute abdomen">Acute abdomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colic" title="Colic">Colic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_colic" title="Baby colic">Baby colic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_guarding" title="Abdominal guarding">Abdominal guarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumberg%27s_sign" title="Blumberg's sign">Blumberg's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distension</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_distension" title="Abdominal distension">Abdominal distension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloating" title="Bloating">Bloating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascites" title="Ascites">Ascites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tympany" title="Tympany">Tympany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_dullness" title="Shifting dullness">Shifting dullness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_wave_test" title="Fluid wave test">Fluid wave test</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Masses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_mass" title="Abdominal mass">Abdominal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatosplenomegaly" title="Hepatosplenomegaly">Hepatosplenomegaly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatomegaly" title="Hepatomegaly">Hepatomegaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenomegaly" title="Splenomegaly">Splenomegaly</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaundice" title="Jaundice">Jaundice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallet-Guy%27s_sign" title="Mallet-Guy's sign">Mallet-Guy's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puddle_sign" title="Puddle sign">Puddle sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballance%27s_sign" title="Ballance's sign">Ballance's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic insufficiency">Aortic insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%27s_sign" title="Castell's sign">Castell's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehr%27s_sign" title="Kehr's sign">Kehr's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%27s_sign" title="Cullen's sign">Cullen's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Turner%27s_sign" title="Grey Turner's sign">Grey Turner's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">Hernia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howship%E2%80%93Romberg_sign" title="Howship–Romberg sign">Howship–Romberg sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannington-Kiff_sign" title="Hannington-Kiff sign">Hannington-Kiff sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoas_sign" title="Psoas sign">Psoas sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturator_sign" title="Obturator sign">Obturator sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovsing%27s_sign" title="Rovsing's sign">Rovsing's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_sign" title="Hamburger sign">Hamburger sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel_tap_sign" title="Heel tap sign">Heel tap sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aure-Rozanova%27s_sign" title="Aure-Rozanova's sign">Aure-Rozanova's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunphy%27s_sign" title="Dunphy's sign">Dunphy's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder%27s_sign" title="Alder's sign">Alder's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockwood%27s_sign" title="Lockwood's sign">Lockwood's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstein%27s_sign" title="Rosenstein's sign">Rosenstein's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupola_sign" title="Cupola sign">Cupola sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fothergill%27s_sign" title="Fothergill's sign">Fothergill's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnett%27s_sign" title="Carnett's sign">Carnett's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massouh%27s_sign" title="Massouh's sign">Massouh's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Mary_Joseph_nodule" title="Sister Mary Joseph nodule">Sister Mary Joseph nodule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumer%27s_shelf" title="Blumer's shelf">Blumer's shelf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_that_are_general_or_constitutional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_that_are_general_or_constitutional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> that are general or <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional symptoms">constitutional</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>heat</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">Fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fever_of_unknown_origin" title="Fever of unknown origin">of unknown origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-induced_hyperthermia" title="Drug-induced hyperthermia">drug-induced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postoperative_fever" title="Postoperative fever">postoperative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperhidrosis" title="Hyperhidrosis">Hyperhidrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_sweats" title="Night sweats">Night sweats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>cold</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chills" title="Chills">Chills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aches and <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">Chronic pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_pain" title="Cancer pain">Cancer pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Myalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenderness_(medicine)" title="Tenderness (medicine)">Tenderness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">Malaise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">Lassitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">Lethargy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrophy" title="Atrophy">Atrophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">of muscle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weakness" title="Weakness">Asthenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cachexia" title="Cachexia">Cachexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorexia">Anorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphagia" title="Polyphagia">Polyphagia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polydipsia" title="Polydipsia">polydipsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influenza-like_illness" title="Influenza-like illness">Flu-like symptoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thyroid_disease" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thyroid_disease" title="Template:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thyroid_disease" title="Template talk:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thyroid_disease" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thyroid disease"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thyroid_disease" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">Thyroid disease</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">Iodine deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretinism">Cretinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_hypothyroidism" title="Congenital hypothyroidism">Congenital hypothyroidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxedema" title="Myxedema">Myxedema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxedema_coma" title="Myxedema coma">Myxedema coma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome" title="Euthyroid sick syndrome">Euthyroid sick syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wyk_and_Grumbach_syndrome" title="Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome">Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome</a></li> <li>Signs and symptoms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_Hertoghe" title="Sign of Hertoghe">Queen Anne's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woltman_sign" title="Woltman sign">Woltman sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Myoedema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_dyshormonogenesis" title="Thyroid dyshormonogenesis">Thyroid dyshormonogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickardt_syndrome" title="Pickardt syndrome">Pickardt syndrome</a></li> <li>Hypothyroid myopathy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kocher%E2%80%93Debre%E2%80%93Semelaigne_syndrome" title="Kocher–Debre–Semelaigne syndrome">KDSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffmann_syndrome" title="Hoffmann syndrome">Hoffmann syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert%E2%80%93Eaton_myasthenic_syndrome" title="Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome">LEMS</a></li> <li>Atrophic type</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroxinemia" title="Hyperthyroxinemia">Hyperthyroxinemia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_resistance" title="Thyroid hormone resistance">Thyroid hormone resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_dysalbuminemic_hyperthyroxinemia" title="Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia">Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashitoxicosis" title="Hashitoxicosis">Hashitoxicosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotoxicosis_factitia" title="Thyrotoxicosis factitia">Thyrotoxicosis factitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_storm" title="Thyroid storm">Thyroid storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone_induced_thyrotoxicosis" title="Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis">Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis</a></li> <li>Hyperthyroid myopathy</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Signs and symptoms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadie%27s_sign_of_exophthalmic_goiter" title="Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter">Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston%27s_sign" title="Boston's sign">Boston's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalrymple%27s_sign" title="Dalrymple's sign">Dalrymple's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellwag%27s_sign" title="Stellwag's sign">Stellwag's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Graefe%27s_sign" title="Von Graefe's sign">lid lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith%27s_sign" title="Griffith's sign">Griffith's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6bius_sign" title="Möbius sign">Möbius sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretibial_myxedema" title="Pretibial myxedema">Pretibial myxedema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graves%27_ophthalmopathy" title="Graves' ophthalmopathy">Graves' ophthalmopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thyroiditis" title="Thyroiditis">Thyroiditis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_infectious_thyroiditis" title="Acute infectious thyroiditis">Acute infectious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subacute_thyroiditis" title="Subacute thyroiditis">Subacute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain%27s_thyroiditis" title="De Quervain's thyroiditis">De Quervain's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subacute_lymphocytic_thyroiditis" title="Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis">Subacute lymphocytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpation_thyroiditis" title="Palpation thyroiditis">Palpation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_thyroiditis" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune thyroiditis">Autoimmune</a>/chronic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis" title="Hashimoto's thyroiditis">Hashimoto's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_thyroiditis" title="Postpartum thyroiditis">Postpartum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riedel%27s_thyroiditis" title="Riedel's thyroiditis">Riedel's</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enlargement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre">Goitre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_goitre" title="Endemic goitre">Endemic goitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_nodular_goiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic nodular goiter">Toxic nodular goiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_multinodular_goiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic multinodular goiter">Toxic multinodular goiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_nodule" title="Thyroid nodule">Thyroid nodule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloid_nodule" title="Colloid nodule">Colloid nodule</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_respiratory_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Respiratory system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Respiratory_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Respiratory system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Respiratory_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Respiratory system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_respiratory_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">Auscultation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stethoscope" title="Stethoscope">Stethoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_sounds" title="Respiratory sounds">Respiratory sounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stridor" title="Stridor">Stridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeze" title="Wheeze">Wheeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackles" title="Crackles">Crackles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhonchi">Rhonchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stertor" title="Stertor">Stertor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squawk_(sound)" title="Squawk (sound)">Squawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleural_friction_rub" title="Pleural friction rub">Pleural friction rub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremitus" title="Fremitus">Fremitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchophony" title="Bronchophony">Bronchophony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_rattle" title="Death rattle">Death rattle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Elicited findings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)" title="Percussion (medicine)">Percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoriloquy" title="Pectoriloquy">Pectoriloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whispered_pectoriloquy" title="Whispered pectoriloquy">Whispered pectoriloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egophony" title="Egophony">Egophony</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breathing" title="Breathing">Breathing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apnea" title="Apnea">Apnea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apnea_of_prematurity" title="Apnea of prematurity">Prematurity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortness_of_breath" title="Shortness of breath">Dyspnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation" title="Hyperventilation">Hyperventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoventilation" title="Hypoventilation">Hypoventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpnea" title="Hyperpnea">Hyperpnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachypnea" title="Tachypnea">Tachypnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypopnea" title="Hypopnea">Hypopnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradypnea" title="Bradypnea">Bradypnea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pattern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agonal_respiration" title="Agonal respiration">Agonal respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biot%27s_respiration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biot's respiration">Biot's respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyne%E2%80%93Stokes_respiration" title="Cheyne–Stokes respiration">Cheyne–Stokes respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussmaul_breathing" title="Kussmaul breathing">Kussmaul breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataxic_respiration" title="Ataxic respiration">Ataxic respiration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_distress" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory distress">Respiratory distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_arrest" title="Respiratory arrest">Respiratory arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopnea" title="Orthopnea">Orthopnea</a>/<a href="/wiki/Platypnea" title="Platypnea">Platypnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepopnea" title="Trepopnea">Trepopnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerophagia" title="Aerophagia">Aerophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">Asphyxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breath-holding_spell" title="Breath-holding spell">Breath holding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">Mouth breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">Chest pain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain_in_children" title="Chest pain in children">In children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precordial_catch_syndrome" title="Precordial catch syndrome">Precordial catch syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurisy" title="Pleurisy">Pleurisy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_clubbing" title="Nail clubbing">Nail clubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">Cyanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">Sputum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Hemoptysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistaxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistaxis">Epistaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silhouette_sign" title="Silhouette sign">Silhouette sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nasal_drip" title="Post-nasal drip">Post-nasal drip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiccup" title="Hiccup">Hiccup</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s_sign_(pulmonary)" title="Hoover's sign (pulmonary)">Hoover's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curschmann%27s_spirals" title="Curschmann's spirals">Curschmann's spirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot%E2%80%93Leyden_crystals" title="Charcot–Leyden crystals">Charcot–Leyden crystals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">chronic bronchitis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reid_index" title="Reid index">Reid index</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kveim_test" title="Kveim test">Kveim test</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_hump" title="Hampton hump">Hampton hump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westermark_sign" title="Westermark sign">Westermark sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerley_lines" title="Kerley lines">Kerley lines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamman%27s_sign" title="Hamman's sign">Hamman's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_S_sign" title="Golden S sign">Golden S sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_skin_and_subcutaneous_tissue" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue" title="Subcutaneous tissue">subcutaneous tissue</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Somatosensory_disorder" title="Somatosensory disorder">Disturbances of<br />skin sensation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoesthesia" title="Hypoesthesia">Hypoesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paresthesia" title="Paresthesia">Paresthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formication" title="Formication">Formication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperesthesia" title="Hyperesthesia">Hyperesthesia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoalgesia" title="Hypoalgesia">Hypoalgesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperalgesia" title="Hyperalgesia">Hyperalgesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">Cyanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallor" title="Pallor">Pallor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livedo" title="Livedo">Livedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livedo_reticularis" title="Livedo reticularis">Livedo reticularis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">Flushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petechia" title="Petechia">Petechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanch_(medical)" title="Blanch (medical)">Blanching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Edema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_edema" title="Peripheral edema">Peripheral edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasarca" title="Anasarca">Anasarca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desquamation" title="Desquamation">Desquamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous condition">Induration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphoresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphoresis">Diaphoresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swelling_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swelling (medical)">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neck_mass" title="Neck mass">Neck mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asboe-Hansen_sign" title="Asboe-Hansen sign">Asboe-Hansen sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspitz%27s_sign" title="Auspitz's sign">Auspitz's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsari%27s_sign" title="Borsari's sign">Borsari's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braverman%27s_sign" title="Braverman's sign">Braverman's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowe_sign" title="Crowe sign">Crowe sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennie%E2%80%93Morgan_fold" title="Dennie–Morgan fold">Dennie–Morgan fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darier%27s_sign" title="Darier's sign">Darier's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimple_sign" title="Dimple sign">Fitzpatrick's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florid_cutaneous_papillomatosis" title="Florid cutaneous papillomatosis">Florid cutaneous papillomatosis</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gottron%27s_sign" title="Gottron's sign">Gottron's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson%27s_sign" title="Hutchinson's sign">Hutchinson's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeway_lesion" title="Janeway lesion">Janeway lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerr%27s_sign" title="Kerr's sign">Kerr's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koebner_phenomenon" title="Koebner phenomenon">Koebner's phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koplik%27s_spots" title="Koplik's spots">Koplik's spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leser%E2%80%93Tr%C3%A9lat_sign" title="Leser–Trélat sign">Leser-Trelat sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolsky%27s_sign" title="Nikolsky's sign">Nikolsky's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastia%27s_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastia's sign">Pastia's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_sign" title="Russell's sign">Russell's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_striae" title="Wickham striae">Wickham striae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%27s_isotopic_response" title="Wolf's isotopic response">Wolf's isotopic response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munro%27s_microabscess" title="Munro's microabscess">Munro's microabscess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mees%27_lines" title="Mees' lines">Aldrich-Mees' lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau%27s_lines" title="Beau's lines">Beau's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muehrcke%27s_nails" title="Muehrcke's nails">Muehrcke's lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry%27s_nails" title="Terry's nails">Terry's nails</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malnutrition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nutritional_pathology" title="Template:Nutritional pathology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nutritional_pathology" title="Template talk:Nutritional pathology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nutritional_pathology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nutritional pathology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malnutrition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">Malnutrition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93energy_malnutrition" title="Protein–energy malnutrition">Protein-energy<br />malnutrition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascites" title="Ascites">Ascites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaciation" title="Emaciation">Emaciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwashiorkor" title="Kwashiorkor">Kwashiorkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marasmus" title="Marasmus">Marasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catabolysis" title="Catabolysis">Catabolysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency" title="Vitamin deficiency">Vitamin deficiency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B<sub>1</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beriberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Beriberi">Beriberi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke%E2%80%93Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome">Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke%27s_encephalopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wernicke's encephalopathy">Wernicke's encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korsakoff%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Korsakoff's syndrome">Korsakoff's syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>2</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin#Deficiency" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin deficiency</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>3</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pellagra" title="Pellagra">Pellagra</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>6</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyridoxine deficiency">Pyridoxine deficiency</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>7</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotin_deficiency" title="Biotin deficiency">Biotin deficiency</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>9</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folate_deficiency" title="Folate deficiency">Folate deficiency</a></li></ul></li> <li>B<sub>12</sub> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency" title="Vitamin B12 deficiency">Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A: <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">Vitamin A deficiency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitot%27s_spots" title="Bitot's spots">Bitot's spots</a></li></ul></li> <li>C: <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">Scurvy</a></li> <li>D: <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency" title="Vitamin D deficiency">Vitamin D deficiency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rickets" title="Rickets">Rickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomalacia" title="Osteomalacia">Osteomalacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison%27s_groove" title="Harrison's groove">Harrison's groove</a></li></ul></li> <li>E: <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E_deficiency" title="Vitamin E deficiency">Vitamin E deficiency</a></li> <li>K: <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K_deficiency" title="Vitamin K deficiency">Vitamin K deficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_deficiency" title="Mineral deficiency">Mineral deficiency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance" title="Electrolyte imbalance">Electrolyte imbalance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypocalcemia" title="Hypocalcemia">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochloremia" title="Hypochloremia">Chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium deficiency (medicine)">Magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophosphatemia" title="Hypophosphatemia">Phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypokalemia" title="Hypokalemia">Potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyponatremia" title="Hyponatremia">Sodium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_deficiency" title="Iron deficiency">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_deficiency" title="Zinc deficiency">Zinc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese_deficiency_(medicine)" title="Manganese deficiency (medicine)">Manganese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_deficiency" title="Copper deficiency">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_deficiency" title="Iodine deficiency">Iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium_deficiency" title="Chromium deficiency">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_deficiency" title="Molybdenum deficiency">Molybdenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_deficiency" title="Selenium deficiency">Selenium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keshan_disease" title="Keshan disease">Keshan disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_deficiency" title="Fluorine deficiency">Fluorine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_development_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development (biology)">Growth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deformity" title="Deformity">Deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_milestone" title="Delayed milestone">Delayed milestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failure_to_thrive" title="Failure to thrive">Failure to thrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_stature" title="Short stature">Short stature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_short_stature" title="Idiopathic short stature">Idiopathic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)" title="Anorexia (symptom)">Anorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachexia" title="Cachexia">Cachexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deficiency_(medicine)" title="Deficiency (medicine)">Deficiency (medicine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_malnutrition" title="Epidemiology of malnutrition">Epidemiology of malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_fortification" title="Food fortification">Food fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger" title="Hunger">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronutrient_deficiency" title="Micronutrient deficiency">Micronutrient deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">Starvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starvation_(crime)" title="Starvation (crime)">Starvation (crime)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_dehydration" title="Terminal dehydration">Terminal dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undernutrition_in_children" title="Undernutrition in children">Undernutrition in children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_loss" title="Weight loss">Weight loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_food_crises_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="World food crises (2022–present)">World food crises (2022–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underweight" title="Underweight">Underweight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_urinary_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_urinary_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system">urinary system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysuria" title="Dysuria">Dysuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_colic" title="Renal colic">Renal colic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costovertebral_angle_tenderness" title="Costovertebral angle tenderness">Costovertebral angle tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesical_tenesmus" title="Vesical tenesmus">Vesical tenesmus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enuresis" title="Enuresis">Enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diurnal_enuresis" title="Diurnal enuresis">Diurnal enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giggle_incontinence" title="Giggle incontinence">Giggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_enuresis" title="Nocturnal enuresis">Nocturnal enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-void_dribbling" title="Post-void dribbling">Post-void dribbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_incontinence" title="Stress incontinence">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">Urge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overflow_incontinence" title="Overflow incontinence">Overflow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">Urinary retention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliguria" title="Oliguria">Oliguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuria" title="Anuria">Anuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyuria" title="Polyuria">Polyuria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_urinary_tract_symptoms" title="Lower urinary tract symptoms">Lower urinary tract symptoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocturia" title="Nocturia">Nocturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_urgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary urgency">urgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_urination" title="Frequent urination">frequency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extravasation_of_urine" title="Extravasation of urine">Extravasation of urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uremia" title="Uremia">Uremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymously_named_medical_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of eponymously named medical signs">Eponymous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_count" title="Addis count">Addis count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewer_infarcts" title="Brewer infarcts">Brewer infarcts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_sign" title="Lloyd's sign">Lloyd's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathe%27s_sign" title="Mathe's sign">Mathe's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_infectious_diseases" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infectious_disease_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Infectious disease symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infectious_disease_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Infectious disease symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infectious_disease_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infectious disease symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_infectious_diseases" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious diseases</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">Bacterial disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson%27s_teeth" title="Hutchinson's teeth">Hutchinson's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson%27s_triad" title="Hutchinson's triad">Hutchinson's triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphal%27s_sign" title="Westphal's sign">Westphal's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutton%27s_joints" title="Clutton's joints">Clutton's joints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennie%E2%80%93Marfan_syndrome" title="Dennie–Marfan syndrome">Dennie–Marfan syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_disease" title="Viral disease">Viral disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koplik%27s_spots" title="Koplik's spots">Koplik's spots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parasitic_disease" title="Parasitic disease">Parasitic disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">African trypanosomiasis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winterbottom%27s_sign" title="Winterbottom's sign">Winterbottom's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningism" title="Meningism">Meningism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">Fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liebermeister%27s_rule" title="Liebermeister's rule">Liebermeister's rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faget_sign" title="Faget sign">Faget sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_and_relating_to_the_eye" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Eye symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eye_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Eye symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eye_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eye symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_and_relating_to_the_eye" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> and relating to the <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eye</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_visual_structures" title="Accessory visual structures">Adnexa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_gland" title="Lacrimal gland">lacrimal</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Schirmer%27s_test" title="Schirmer's test">Schirmer's test</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">eyelid</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abadie%27s_sign_of_exophthalmic_goiter" title="Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter">Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston%27s_sign" title="Boston's sign">Boston's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalrymple%27s_sign" title="Dalrymple's sign">Dalrymple's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellwag%27s_sign" title="Stellwag's sign">Stellwag's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Globe_(human_eye)" title="Globe (human eye)">Globe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">pupil</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil" title="Argyll Robertson pupil">Argyll Robertson pupils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adie_syndrome" title="Adie syndrome">Adie pupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Gunn_pupil" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Gunn pupil">Marcus Gunn pupil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_ring" title="Fleischer ring">Fleischer ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayser%E2%80%93Fleischer_ring" title="Kayser–Fleischer ring">Kayser–Fleischer ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%E2%80%93Stahli_line" title="Hudson–Stahli line">Hudson–Stahli line</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brushfield_spots" title="Brushfield spots">Brushfield spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisch_nodule" title="Lisch nodule">Lisch nodule</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">conjunctiva</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bitot%27s_spots" title="Bitot's spots">Bitot's spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlt%27s_line" title="Arlt's line">Arlt's line</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hollenhorst_plaque" title="Hollenhorst plaque">Hollenhorst plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth%27s_spot" title="Roth's spot">Roth's spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchs_spot" title="Fuchs spot">Fuchs spot</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_law" title="Alexander's law">Alexander's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschberg_test" title="Hirschberg test">Hirschberg test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegrist_streaks" title="Siegrist streaks">Siegrist streaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_in_obstetrics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obstetric_signs_and_symptoms" title="Template:Obstetric signs and symptoms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obstetric_signs_and_symptoms" title="Template talk:Obstetric signs and symptoms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obstetric_signs_and_symptoms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obstetric signs and symptoms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_in_obstetrics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">obstetrics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abderhalden_reaction" title="Abderhalden reaction">Abderhalden reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick%27s_sign" title="Chadwick's sign">Chadwick sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodell%27s_sign" title="Goodell's sign">Goodell's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegar%27s_sign" title="Hegar's sign">Hegar's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladin%27s_sign" title="Ladin's sign">Ladin's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piskacek%27s_sign" title="Piskacek's sign">Piskacek's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Braun-Fernwald%27s_sign" title="Von Braun-Fernwald's sign">Von Braun-Fernwald's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apgar_score" title="Apgar score">Apgar score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Hicks_contractions" title="Braxton Hicks contractions">Braxton Hicks contractions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrops_fetalis" title="Hydrops fetalis">hydrops fetalis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin_Barts" title="Hemoglobin Barts">Hemoglobin Barts</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy" title="Ectopic pregnancy">ectopic pregnancy</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spiegelberg_criteria" title="Spiegelberg criteria">Spiegelberg criteria</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fetal_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetal death">fetal death</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spalding%27s_sign" title="Spalding's sign">Spalding's sign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold%27s_maneuvers" title="Leopold's maneuvers">Leopold's maneuvers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_reproductive_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reproductive_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Reproductive system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reproductive_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Reproductive system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reproductive_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reproductive system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_reproductive_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system" title="Reproductive system">reproductive system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_motion_tenderness" title="Cervical motion tenderness">Cervical motion tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_cervix" title="Strawberry cervix">Strawberry cervix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boggy_uterus" title="Boggy uterus">Boggy uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnexal_mass" title="Adnexal mass">Adnexal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_discharge" title="Vaginal discharge">Vaginal discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginitis" title="Vaginitis">Vaginal Odor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">Cramping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">Endometrium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arias-Stella_phenomenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Arias-Stella phenomenon">Arias-Stella phenomenon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canga%27s_bead_symptom" title="Canga's bead symptom">Canga's bead symptom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_ulcer" title="Genital ulcer">Genital ulcer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Male</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_pain" title="Testicular pain">Testicular pain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_torsion" title="Testicular torsion">sudden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penile_discharge" title="Penile discharge">Discharge from penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanitis" title="Balanitis">Inflammation/Redness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchitis" title="Orchitis">Swollen testicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehn%27s_sign" title="Prehn's sign">Prehn's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_ulcer" title="Genital ulcer">Genital ulcer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_nervous_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nervous_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Nervous system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nervous_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Nervous system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nervous_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nervous system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_nervous_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurological_examination" title="Neurological examination">Neurological examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_examination" title="Cranial nerve examination">Cranial nerve examination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">Central nervous system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Head" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle%27s_sign" title="Battle's sign">Battle's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernig%27s_sign" title="Kernig's sign">Kernig's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macewen%27s_sign" title="Macewen's sign">Macewen's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myerson%27s_sign" title="Myerson's sign">Myerson's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroop_effect" title="Stroop effect">Stroop test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirano_body" title="Hirano body">Hirano body</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_pressure" title="Intracranial pressure">Intracranial pressure</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushing_reflex#Cushing's_triad" title="Cushing reflex">Cushing's triad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhermitte%27s_sign" title="Lhermitte's sign">Lhermitte's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot%27s_neurologic_triad" title="Charcot's neurologic triad">Charcot's neurologic triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">Peripheral nervous system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">Reflexes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jendrassik_maneuver" title="Jendrassik maneuver">Jendrassik maneuver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_reflex" title="Plantar reflex">Plantar reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaddock_reflex" title="Chaddock reflex">Chaddock reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheim%27s_sign" title="Oppenheim's sign">Oppenheim's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphal%27s_sign" title="Westphal's sign">Westphal's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoffmann%27s_reflex" title="Hoffmann's reflex">Hoffmann's reflex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Froment%27s_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Froment's sign">Froment's sign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinel%27s_sign" title="Tinel's sign">Tinel's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalen_maneuver" title="Phalen maneuver">Phalen maneuver</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gowers%27s_sign" title="Gowers's sign">Gowers's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s_sign_(leg_paresis)" title="Hoover's sign (leg paresis)">Hoover's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_leg_raise" title="Straight leg raise">Straight leg raise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendelenburg%27s_sign" title="Trendelenburg's sign">Trendelenburg's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torso</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beevor%27s_sign" title="Beevor's sign">Beevor's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pain_stimulus" title="Pain stimulus">Pain stimulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms,_and_syndromes_associated_with_lesions_of_the_brain_and_brainstem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brain_and_brainstem_lesion_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Brain and brainstem lesion symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brain_and_brainstem_lesion_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Brain and brainstem lesion symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brain_and_brainstem_lesion_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brain and brainstem lesion symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms,_and_syndromes_associated_with_lesions_of_the_brain_and_brainstem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndromes</a> associated with lesions of the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cerebral cortex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cerebral_artery_syndrome" title="Anterior cerebral artery syndrome">ACA syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_cerebral_artery_syndrome" title="Middle cerebral artery syndrome">MCA syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cerebral_artery_syndrome" title="Posterior cerebral artery syndrome">PCA syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphasia" title="Aphasia">Aphasia</a></li> <li>Frontal lobe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressive_aphasia" title="Expressive aphasia">Expressive aphasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulia" title="Abulia">Abulia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parietal lobe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Receptive_aphasia" title="Receptive aphasia">Receptive aphasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemispatial_neglect" title="Hemispatial neglect">Hemispatial neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerstmann_syndrome" title="Gerstmann syndrome">Gerstmann syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astereognosis" title="Astereognosis">Astereognosis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Occipital lobe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1lint%27s_syndrome" title="Bálint's syndrome">Bálint's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortical_blindness" title="Cortical blindness">Cortical blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_syndrome" title="Anton syndrome">Anton syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_alexia" title="Pure alexia">Pure alexia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Temporal lobe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortical_deafness" title="Cortical deafness">Cortical deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosopagnosia" title="Prosopagnosia">Prosopagnosia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcortex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Basal ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Chorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystonia" title="Dystonia">Dystonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalamic_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalamic syndrome">Thalamic syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_stroke_syndrome" title="Cerebellar stroke syndrome">Cerebellum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lateral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysmetria" title="Dysmetria">Dysmetria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysdiadochokinesia" title="Dysdiadochokinesia">Dysdiadochokinesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intention_tremor" title="Intention tremor">Intention tremor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Medial <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_ataxia" title="Cerebellar ataxia">Cerebellar ataxia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brainstem_stroke_syndrome" title="Brainstem stroke syndrome">Brainstem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medulla</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_medullary_syndrome" title="Lateral medullary syndrome">Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery" title="Posterior inferior cerebellar artery">PICA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_medullary_syndrome" title="Medial medullary syndrome">Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_spinal_artery" title="Anterior spinal artery">ASA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond%E2%80%93C%C3%A9stan_syndrome" title="Raymond–Céstan syndrome">Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond–Céstan syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pontine_syndrome" title="Lateral pontine syndrome">Lateral pontine syndrome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery" title="Anterior inferior cerebellar artery">AICA</a>) (lateral)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_pontine_syndrome" title="Medial pontine syndrome">Medial pontine syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Millard%E2%80%93Gubler_syndrome" title="Millard–Gubler syndrome">Millard–Gubler syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Foville%27s_syndrome" title="Foville's syndrome">Foville's syndrome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basilar_artery" title="Basilar artery">basilar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome" title="Locked-in syndrome">Locked-in syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internuclear_ophthalmoplegia" title="Internuclear ophthalmoplegia">Internuclear ophthalmoplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_and_a_half_syndrome" title="One and a half syndrome">One and a half syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midbrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weber%27s_syndrome" title="Weber's syndrome">Weber's syndrome</a> <ul><li>ventral peduncle, <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cerebral_artery" title="Posterior cerebral artery">PCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedikt_syndrome" title="Benedikt syndrome">Benedikt syndrome</a> <ul><li>ventral tegmentum, <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cerebral_artery" title="Posterior cerebral artery">PCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinaud%27s_syndrome" title="Parinaud's syndrome">Parinaud's syndrome</a> <ul><li>dorsal, tumor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude%27s_syndrome" title="Claude's syndrome">Claude's syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_hemiplegia" title="Alternating hemiplegia">Alternating hemiplegia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect" title="Pseudobulbar affect">Pseudobulbar affect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Upper motor neuron lesion">Upper motor neuron lesion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_movement_and_gait" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Movement_and_gait_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Movement and gait symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Movement_and_gait_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Movement and gait symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Movement_and_gait_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Movement and gait symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_movement_and_gait" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to movement and <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gait_abnormality" title="Gait abnormality">Gait abnormality</a></li> <li>CNS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_gait" title="Scissor gait">Scissor gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_ataxia" title="Cerebellar ataxia">Cerebellar ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Choreic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkinsonian_gait" title="Parkinsonian gait">Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_gait" title="Magnetic gait">Magnetic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche_%C3%A0_petit_pas" title="Marche à petit pas">Marche à petit pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propulsive_gait" title="Propulsive gait">Propulsive gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomping_gait" title="Stomping gait">Stomping gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_gait" title="Spastic gait">Spastic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncal_ataxia" title="Truncal ataxia">Truncal ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_disorder" title="Balance disorder">Vestibular gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muscular <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myopathic_gait" title="Myopathic gait">Myopathic gait/Waddling gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendelenburg_gait" title="Trendelenburg gait">Trendelenburg gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_gait" title="Pigeon gait">Pigeon gait</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_drop" title="Foot drop">Foot drop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steppage_gait" title="Steppage gait">Steppage gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_walking" title="Toe walking">Toe walking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asymmetric gait <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gait#Variables" title="Gait">Leaping gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asynchronous gait <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunslinger%27s_gait" title="Gunslinger's gait">Gunslinger's gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiparesis" title="Hemiparesis">Hemiparetic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limp" title="Limp">Limp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antalgic_gait" title="Antalgic gait">Antalgic gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deformity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_gait" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus gait">Lotus gait</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interlimb_coordination" title="Interlimb coordination">Coordination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">Ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_ataxia" title="Cerebellar ataxia">Cerebellar ataxia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysmetria" title="Dysmetria">Dysmetria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysdiadochokinesia" title="Dysdiadochokinesia">Dysdiadochokinesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronator_drift" title="Pronator drift">Pronator drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssynergia" title="Dyssynergia">Dyssynergia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_ataxia" title="Sensory ataxia">Sensory ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterixis" title="Asterixis">Asterixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abasia" title="Abasia">Abasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimotor_neglect" title="Hemimotor neglect">Hemimotor neglect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dyskinesia" title="Dyskinesia">Abnormal movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athetosis" title="Athetosis">Athetosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Chorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">Tremor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciculation" title="Fasciculation">Fasciculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrillation" title="Fibrillation">Fibrillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myokymia" title="Myokymia">Myokymia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">Myoclonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperkinesia" title="Hyperkinesia">Hyperkinesia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hypokinesia" title="Hypokinesia">Hypokinesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myotonia" title="Myotonia">Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotonia" title="Hypotonia">Hypotonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypy" title="Stereotypy">Stereotypy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akathisia" title="Akathisia">Akathisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echopraxia" title="Echopraxia">Echopraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echolalia" title="Echolalia">Echolalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_posturing" title="Abnormal posturing">Abnormal posturing</a></li> <li>Stooped posture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camptocormia" title="Camptocormia">Camptocormia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthotonus" title="Opisthotonus">Opisthotonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm">Spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trismus" title="Trismus">Trismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetany" title="Tetany">Tetany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertonia" title="Hypertonia">Hypertonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_locking_(symptom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint locking (symptom)">Joint locking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalepsy" title="Catalepsy">Catalepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_flexibility" title="Waxy flexibility">Waxy flexibility</a></li> <li>Grimacing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_death#Humans" title="Apparent death">Tonic immobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">Paralysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flaccid_paralysis" title="Flaccid paralysis">Flaccid paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_paralysis" title="Periodic paralysis">Periodic paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_paraplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spastic paraplegia">Spastic paraplegia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_diplegia" title="Spastic diplegia">Spastic diplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_paraplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spastic paraplegia">Spastic paraplegia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Syndromes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoplegia" title="Monoplegia">Monoplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplegia" title="Diplegia">Diplegia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paraplegia" title="Paraplegia">Paraplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemiplegia">Hemiplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triplegia" title="Triplegia">Triplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraplegia" title="Tetraplegia">Tetraplegia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quadruplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruplegia">Quadruplegia</a></li></ul></li> <li>General causes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Upper motor neuron lesion">Upper motor neuron lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Lower motor neuron lesion">Lower motor neuron lesion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">Weakness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemiparesis" title="Hemiparesis">Hemiparesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowers%27_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowers' sign">Gowers' sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_syndrome" title="Locomotive syndrome">Locomotive syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)" title="Ptosis (eyelid)">Ptosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Range_of_motion" title="Range of motion">Range of motion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contracture" title="Contracture">Contracture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy" title="Bethlem myopathy">Bethlem sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Club foot">Club foot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_stiffness" title="Joint stiffness">Joint stiffness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosis" title="Ankylosis">Ankylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(joints)" title="Hypermobility (joints)">Hypermobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorlin_sign" title="Gorlin sign">Gorlin sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers-Danlos_syndromes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehlers-Danlos syndromes">EDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_spectrum_disorder" title="Hypermobility spectrum disorder">HSD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonniere_deformity" title="Boutonniere deformity">Boutonniere deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_neck_deformity" title="Swan neck deformity">Swan neck deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoliosis" title="Scoliosis">Scoliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyphosis" title="Kyphosis">Kyphosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachitic_rosary" title="Rachitic rosary">Rachitic rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">Flat feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronation_of_the_foot#overpronation" title="Pronation of the foot">Overpronation/Flexible flat feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock-knee" class="mw-redirect" title="Knock-knee">Knock-knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow-leggedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow-leggedness">Bow-leggedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_knee" class="mw-redirect" title="Back knee">Back knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyporeflexia" title="Hyporeflexia">Hyporeflexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperreflexia" title="Hyperreflexia">Hyperreflexia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clasp-knife_response" title="Clasp-knife response">Clasp-knife response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivering" title="Shivering">Shivering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnic_jerk" title="Hypnic jerk">Hypnic jerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astasia-abasia" title="Astasia-abasia">Astasia-abasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">Motion sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_disorder" title="Conversion disorder">Conversion disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">Shell shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupor" title="Stupor">Stupor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatonia" title="Catatonia">Catatonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_mania" title="Dancing mania">Dancing mania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disorders_of_hearing_and_balance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hearing_and_balance" title="Template:Hearing and balance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hearing_and_balance" title="Template talk:Hearing and balance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hearing_and_balance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hearing and balance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disorders_of_hearing_and_balance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disorders of <a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">hearing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">balance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">Hearing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symptoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li> <li>Excessive response <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperacusis" title="Hyperacusis">Hyperacusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonophobia" title="Phonophobia">Phonophobia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Loss" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conductive_hearing_loss" title="Conductive hearing loss">Conductive hearing loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otosclerosis" title="Otosclerosis">Otosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_canal_dehiscence_syndrome" title="Superior canal dehiscence syndrome">Superior canal dehiscence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorineural_hearing_loss" title="Sensorineural hearing loss">Sensorineural hearing loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbycusis" title="Presbycusis">Presbycusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortical_deafness" title="Cortical deafness">Cortical deafness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness" title="Nonsyndromic deafness">Nonsyndromic deafness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deafblindness" title="Deafblindness">Deafblindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_syndrome" title="Wolfram syndrome">Wolfram syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usher_syndrome" title="Usher syndrome">Usher syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder" title="Auditory processing disorder">Auditory processing disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_hearing_loss" title="Spatial hearing loss">Spatial hearing loss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearing_test" title="Hearing test">Hearing test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinne_test" title="Rinne test">Rinne test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_decay_test" title="Tone decay test">Tone decay test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_test" title="Weber test">Weber test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiometry" title="Audiometry">Audiometry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pure_tone_audiometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure tone audiometry">pure tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_reinforcement_audiometry" title="Visual reinforcement audiometry">visual reinforcement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">Balance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symptoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystagmus" title="Nystagmus">nystagmus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_disorder" title="Balance disorder">Balance disorder</a></li> <li>Peripheral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re%27s_disease" title="Ménière's disease">Ménière's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_paroxysmal_positional_vertigo" title="Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo">Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinthitis" title="Labyrinthitis">Labyrinthitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinthine_fistula" title="Labyrinthine fistula">Labyrinthine fistula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dix%E2%80%93Hallpike_test" title="Dix–Hallpike test">Dix–Hallpike test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterberger_test" title="Unterberger test">Unterberger test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romberg%27s_test" title="Romberg's test">Romberg's test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulo%E2%80%93ocular_reflex" title="Vestibulo–ocular reflex">Vestibulo–ocular reflex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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