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id="toc-Peel_Commission_(1936–37)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Arab_League_and_the_Arab_Higher_Committee_(1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Arab_League_and_the_Arab_Higher_Committee_(1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 The Arab League and the Arab Higher Committee (1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Arab_League_and_the_Arab_Higher_Committee_(1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947_UN_Partition_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 1947 UN Partition Plan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947_UN_Partition_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_war_1947–48" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_war_1947–48"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Civil war 1947–48 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_war_1947–48-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948_war_until_1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_war_until_1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1948 war until 1988 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_war_until_1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab–Israeli_War_(1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab–Israeli_War_(1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Arab–Israeli War (1948) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab–Israeli_War_(1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_West_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_West_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Jordanian West Bank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_West_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All-Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 All-Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-All-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Six-Day_War_(1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Six-Day_War_(1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 Six-Day War (1967) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Six-Day_War_(1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PLO_and_the_binational_state_solution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PLO_and_the_binational_state_solution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.5 PLO and the binational state solution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PLO_and_the_binational_state_solution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rift_between_Jordan_and_Palestinian_leadership_(1970)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rift_between_Jordan_and_Palestinian_leadership_(1970)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.6 Rift between Jordan and Palestinian leadership (1970) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rift_between_Jordan_and_Palestinian_leadership_(1970)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ten_Point_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ten_Point_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.7 Ten Point Program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ten_Point_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Timeline </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Declaration_of_the_state_in_1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declaration_of_the_state_in_1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Declaration of the state in 1988 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declaration_of_the_state_in_1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_(1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_Authority_(1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Palestinian Authority (1994) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_(1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Split_of_Fatah_and_Hamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_of_Fatah_and_Hamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Split of Fatah and Hamas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_of_Fatah_and_Hamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine_in_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine_in_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Palestine in the United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine_in_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2011_United_Nations_membership_application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_United_Nations_membership_application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 2011 United Nations membership application </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_United_Nations_membership_application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_UNESCO_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_UNESCO_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 2011 UNESCO membership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_UNESCO_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-member_Observer_State_status_in_the_UN_(2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-member_Observer_State_status_in_the_UN_(2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Non-member Observer State status in the UN (2012) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-member_Observer_State_status_in_the_UN_(2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_State_of_Palestine_decree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_State_of_Palestine_decree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 2013 State of Palestine decree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_State_of_Palestine_decree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Peace process </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peace_process-sublist" 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id="toc-Parties_which_recognise_a_Palestinian_entity_separate_from_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties_which_recognise_a_Palestinian_entity_separate_from_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Parties which recognise a Palestinian entity separate from Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_which_recognise_a_Palestinian_entity_separate_from_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ফিলিস্তিন রাষ্ট্রের ইতিহাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিলিস্তিন রাষ্ট্রের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_dels_Territoris_Palestins" title="Història dels Territoris Palestins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història dels Territoris Palestins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_pal%C3%A4stinensischen_Autonomiegebiete" title="Geschichte der palästinensischen Autonomiegebiete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte der palästinensischen Autonomiegebiete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_del_Estado_de_Palestina" title="Historia del Estado de Palestina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia del Estado de Palestina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تاریخ دولت فلسطین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ دولت فلسطین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihin_%C6%98asar_Falas%C9%97inu" title="Tarihin Ƙasar Falasɗinu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarihin Ƙasar Falasɗinu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Negara_Palestina" title="Sejarah Negara Palestina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Negara Palestina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantaran%27_ny_Fanjakan%27_i_Palestina" title="Tantaran' ny 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Category:History of Palestine (region)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History of Palestine</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;font-size:50%;line-height:0.5em;border-bottom:none;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013(2)-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_(SE_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/150px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/225px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/300px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5425" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Levant" title="Prehistory of the Levant">Prehistory</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahunian" title="Tahunian">Tahunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassulian" title="Ghassulian">Ghassulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ancient history</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Empire</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel and Judah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>)</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Classical period</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Palestine" title="Hellenistic Palestine">Hellenistic Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean kingdom">Hasmonean kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Palestine" title="Roman Palestine">Roman Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herodian_kingdom" title="Herodian kingdom">Herodian kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Province of Judaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina Prima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Secunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Salutaris" title="Palaestina Salutaris">Salutaris</a>))</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_history_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim history in Palestine">Islamic rule</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Jund Filastin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Urdunn" title="Jund al-Urdunn">Jund al-Urdunn</a>) </div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Palestine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Modern era</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Egyptian Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel#State_of_Israel_(1948–present)" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">Military Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclaves</a>; <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>; <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip#History" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Palestine" title="Template:History of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:History of Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The history of the State of Palestine describes the creation and evolution of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British mandate period</a>, numerous plans of partition of Palestine were proposed but without the agreement of all parties. In 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> was voted for. The leaders of the Jewish Agency for Palestine accepted parts of the plan, while Arab leaders refused it. This triggered the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> and led, in 1948, to the establishment of the state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> on a part of Mandate Palestine as the Mandate came to an end. The Gaza Strip came under <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Egyptian occupation</a>, and the West Bank was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">ruled by Jordan</a>, before both territories were <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">occupied by Israel</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. Since then there have been proposals to establish a Palestinian state. In 1969, for example, the PLO proposed the establishment of a binational state over the whole of the former British Mandate territory. This proposal was rejected by Israel, as it would have amounted to the disbanding of the state of Israel. The basis of the current proposals is for a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> on either a portion of or the entirety of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, which have been <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> by Israel since 1967. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_prehistory_to_the_Ottoman_era">From prehistory to the Ottoman era</h3></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History of Palestine</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Palestine&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Situated between three continents, the region of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> has a tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics. The region was among the earliest to see human habitation, agricultural communities and <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a> established city-states influenced by surrounding civilizations, among them Egypt, which ruled the area in the Late Bronze Age. During the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, two related <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> kingdoms, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>, controlled much of Palestine, while the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a> occupied its southern coast. The <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrians</a> conquered the region in the 8th century BCE, then the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a> in c. 601 BCE, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a> who conquered the Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> conquered the Persian Empire in the late 330s BCE, beginning <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a>. In the late 2nd century BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean Kingdom</a> conquered most of Palestine, but the kingdom became a vassal of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, which annexed it in 63 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Roman Judea</a> was troubled by <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish revolts</a> in 66 CE, so Rome <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of jerusalem">destroyed Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Jewish Temple</a> in 70 CE. In the 4th century, as the <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Roman Empire transitioned to Christianity</a>, Palestine became a center for the religion, attracting pilgrims, monks and scholars. Following <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a> in 636–641, ruling dynasties succeeded each other: the <a href="/wiki/Rashiduns" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashiduns">Rashiduns</a>; <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a>; the semi-independent <a href="/wiki/Tulunids" title="Tulunids">Tulunids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikhshidids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikhshidids">Ikhshidids</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a>. In 1099, the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>, which the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid Sultanate</a> reconquered in 1187. Following the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> in the late 1250s, the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluks</a> reunified Palestine under its control, before the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conquered the region in 1516 and ruled it as <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a> to the 20th century, largely undisrupted.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_mandate_period">British mandate period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/220px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/330px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/440px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption>Three proposals for the post World War I administration of Palestine: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  "International Administration" proposed in the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1919 <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a> proposal at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Final borders of the 1923–48 <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></div></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">Mandate for Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></div> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> in the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a growing stream of <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigration into Palestine</a>. In 1917, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the British Government issued the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> which declared British support for the creation in Palestine of a "<a href="/wiki/National_home_for_the_Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="National home for the Jewish people">national home for the Jewish people</a>". The declaration was enthusiastically received by many Jews worldwide, but was opposed by Palestinian and Arab leaders, who later claimed that the objective was a breach of promises made to the <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a> in 1915, in exchange for Arabs helping to fight the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> during the war. The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">defeat of the Ottoman Empire</a> in World War I resulted in the dismantling of their rule. In 1920, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> granted <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Britain</a> the mandate to govern Palestine, leading to the subsequent period of British administration.<a href="#cite_note-:5-1">[1]</a> Many different proposals have been made and continue to be made to resolve the dilemma of the competing objectives, including an Arab state, with or without a significant Jewish population, a Jewish state, with or without a significant Arab population, a <a href="/wiki/Isratine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isratine">single bi-national state</a>, with or without some degree of cantonization, two states, one bi-national and one Arab, with or without some form of federation, and two states, one Jewish and one Arab, with or without some form of federation. At the same times, many Arab leaders maintained that Palestine should join a larger Arab state covering the imprecise region of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. These hopes were expressed in the <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal–Weizmann Agreement">Faisal–Weizmann Agreement</a>, which was signed by soon-to-be Iraqi ruler <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal I">Faisal I</a> and the Zionist leader <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>. Despite this, the promise of a Pan-Arab state including Palestine were dashed as <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> declared independence from their European rulers, while western Palestine festered in the developing Arab-Jewish conflict. In light of these developments, Arabs began calling for both their own state in the British Mandate of Palestine and an end to the British support of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_homeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish homeland">Jewish homeland</a>'s creation and to <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Jewish immigration</a>. The movement gained steam through the 1920s and 1930s as Jewish immigration picked up. Under pressure from the arising nationalist movement, the British enforced the White Papers, a series of laws greatly restricting Jewish immigration and the sale of lands to Jews. The laws, passed in <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper,_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill White Paper, 1922">1922</a>, 1930, and <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">1939</a>, varied in severity, but all attempted to find a balance between British sympathies with the Jews and the Arabs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="McMahon–Hussein_Correspondence_(1915–16)">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence (1915–16)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Syria_1918.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ottoman_Syria_1918.png/250px-Ottoman_Syria_1918.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ottoman_Syria_1918.png/375px-Ottoman_Syria_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ottoman_Syria_1918.png/500px-Ottoman_Syria_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Administrative units in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, until c. 1918</figcaption></figure> In the early years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, negotiations took place between the <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_(Commonwealth)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner (Commonwealth)">British High Commissioner</a> in Egypt <a href="/wiki/Henry_McMahon_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry McMahon (diplomat)">Henry McMahon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca">Husayn bin Ali</a> for an alliance of sorts between the Allies and the Arabs in the Near East against the Ottomans. On 24 October 1915, McMahon sent to Hussein a note which the Arabs came to regard as their "Declaration of Independence". In <a href="/wiki/McMahon_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon letters">McMahon's letter</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a>, McMahon declared Britain's willingness to recognise the independence of the Arabs, both in the Levant and the Hejaz, subject to certain exemptions. It stated on behalf of the Government of Great Britain that: <blockquote> The two districts of Mersina and Alexandretta and portions of Syria lying to the west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama and Aleppo cannot be said to be purely Arab, and should be excluded from the limits demanded. With the above modification, and without prejudice of our existing treaties with Arab chiefs, we accept those limits. As for those regions lying within those frontiers wherein Great Britain is free to act without detriment to the interest of her ally, France, I am empowered in the name of the Government of Great Britain to give the following assurances and make the following reply to your letter: <ol><li>Subject to the above modifications, Great Britain is prepared to recognize and support the independence of the Arabs in all the regions within the limits demanded by the Sherif of Mecca.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>]</li></ol> </blockquote> The exemptions from Arab control of certain areas set out in the McMahon note were to seriously complicate the problems of peace in the Near East. At the time, the Arab portions of the Ottoman Empire were divided into administrative units called vilayets and sanjaks. Palestine was divided into the sanjuks of Acre and Nablus, both of which were a part of the <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayet of Beirut">vilayet of Beirut</a>, and an independent sanjak of Jerusalem. The areas exempted from Arab control by the McMahon note included "Syria lying to the west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo." Between 1916 and 1920, the British government interpreted these commitments as including Palestine in the Arab area. However, in the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a> they argued instead that "Damascus" meant the vilayet and not the city of Damascus, and accordingly virtually all of Palestine was excluded from Arab control. The British entered into the secret <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a> on 16 May 1916 and the commitment of the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>, for example, on that understanding.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Arabs, however, insisted at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">1919 Paris Peace Conference</a> at the end of the war that "Damascus" meant the city of Damascus – which left Palestine in their hands.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> However, in 1915, these problems of interpretation did not occur to Hussein,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] who agreed to the British wording. Despite Arab objections based in part on the Arab interpretation of the McMahon correspondence noted above, Britain was given the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandate for Palestine</a>. The Mandate was administered as two territories: <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whiteman-4">[4]</a> with the Jordan River being the boundary between them. The boundaries under the Mandate also did not follow those sought by the Jewish community, which sought the inclusion of the east bank of the Jordan into the Palestinian territory, to which the objective of the Mandate for a <a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">homeland for the Jewish people</a> would apply. It was made clear from before the commencement of the Mandate, and a clause to that effect was inserted in the Mandate, that the objective set out in the Mandate would not apply to Transjordan following the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_memorandum" class="mw-redirect" title="Transjordan memorandum">Transjordan memorandum</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Transjordan was destined for early independence. The objective of the Mandate was to apply only to territory west of the Jordan, which was commonly referred to as Palestine by the British administration, and as <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Eretz Israel</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>-speaking Jewish population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peel_Commission_(1936–37)">Peel Commission (1936–37)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peelmap-a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Peelmap-a.png/180px-Peelmap-a.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Peelmap-a.png/270px-Peelmap-a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/58/Peelmap-a.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption>Peel Commission, partition plan A, November 1937</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%9339_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine</a> the British government formed the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a>, which recommended the formation of a Jewish and an Arab state. It called for a small Jewish state in the Galilee and maritime strip, a British enclave stretching from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, and an Arab state covering the rest.<a href="#cite_note-unispal-5">[5]</a> The Commission recommended the creation of a small Jewish state in a region less than 1/5 of the total area of Palestine. The Arab area was to be joined to <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>. The Arab population in the Jewish areas was to be removed, by force if necessary, and vice versa, although this would mean the movement of far more Arabs than Jews. The Zionist Congress rejected the proposal, while allowing the leadership to continue negotiating with the British.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The Arab leadership rejected the proposal outright. It all came to nothing, as the British government shelved the proposal altogether by the middle of 1938. In February 1939, the <a href="/wiki/St._James_Conference" title="St. James Conference">St. James Conference</a> convened in London, but the Arab delegation refused to formally meet with its Jewish counterpart or to recognize them. The Conference ended on March 17, 1939, without making any progress. On May 17, 1939, the British government issued the <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper of 1939</a>, in which the idea of partitioning the Mandate was abandoned in favor of Jews and Arabs sharing one government and put strict quotas on further Jewish immigration. Because of impending <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the opposition from all sides, the plan was dropped. <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945) gave a boost to the Jewish nationalism, as the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> reaffirmed their call for a Jewish homeland. At the same time, many Arab leaders had even supported <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, a fact which could not play well with the British. As a result, Britain pooled its energy into winning over Arab opinions by abandoning the Balfour Declaration and the terms of the League of Nations mandate which had been entrusted to it in order to create a "Jewish National Home". Britain did this by issuing the 1939 white paper which officially allowed a further 75,000 Jews to move over five years (10,000 a year plus an additional 25,000) which was to be followed by Arab majority independence. The British would later claim that that quota had already been fulfilled by those who had entered without its approval. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Arab_League_and_the_Arab_Higher_Committee_(1945)">The Arab League and the Arab Higher Committee (1945)</h4></div> The framers of the Arab League sought to include the Palestinian Arabs within the framework of the League from its inception.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> An annex to the League Pact declared:<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <blockquote>Even though Palestine was not able to control her own destiny, it was on the basis of the recognition of her independence that the Covenant of the League of Nations determined a system of government for her. Her existence and her independence among the nations can, therefore, no more be questioned de jure than the independence of any of the other Arab States... Therefore, the States signatory to the Pact of the Arab League consider that in view of Palestine's special circumstances, the Council of the League should designate an Arab delegate from Palestine to participate in its work until this country enjoys actual independence.</blockquote> In November 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> reconstituted the Arab Higher Committee comprising twelve members<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> as the supreme executive body of Palestinian Arabs in the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine. The committee was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Party" title="Palestine Arab Party">Palestine Arab Party</a> and was immediately recognised by Arab League countries. The Mandate government recognised the new Committee two months later. The Constitution of the League of Arab States says the existence and independence of Palestine cannot be questioned de jure even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as a result of <a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">force majeure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 1946, Jewish leaders – including <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Goldmann" title="Nahum Goldmann">Nahum Goldmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abba_Hillel_Silver" title="Abba Hillel Silver">Rabbi Abba Silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shertok" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Shertok">Moshe Shertok</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> – proposed a union between Arab Palestine and Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Also in 1946, leaders of the Zionist movement in the U.S. sought the postponement of a determination of the application by Transjordan for United Nations membership until the status of Mandate Palestine as a whole was determined.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> However, at its final session the League of Nations recognized the independence of Transjordan, with the agreement of Britain. In April 1947, during the activity of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Committee_on_Palestine" title="United Nations Special Committee on Palestine">United Nations Special Committee on Palestine</a>, the Arab Higher Committee articulated its demands in the solution for the Question of Palestine: <ol><li>A complete cessation of the Jewish migration to Palestine.</li> <li>A total halt to the sale of land to Jews</li> <li>Cancelation of the British Mandate in Palestine and the Balfour Declaration.</li> <li>Recognition of the right of Arabs to their land and recognition of the independence of Palestine as a sovereign state, like all other Arab states, with a promise to provide minority rights to the Jews according to the rules of Democracy.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1947_UN_Partition_Plan">1947 UN Partition Plan</h4></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/220px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/330px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png/440px-UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>Map of the UN Partition plan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map comparing the borders of the 1947 partition plan and the Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/170px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="477" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/255px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/340px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption> <hr /> Boundaries defined in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine</a>: <div class="legend">  Area assigned for a Jewish state</div> <div class="legend">    Area assigned for an Arab state</div> <div class="legend">    Planned <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">Corpus separatum</a> with the intention that <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> would be neither Jewish nor Arab</div><hr />Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 (<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>): <div class="legend">      Israeli controlled territory from 1949</div> <div class="legend">    <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> controlled territory from 1948 until 1967</div></figcaption></figure> In 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> created the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Committee_on_Palestine" title="United Nations Special Committee on Palestine">United Nations Special Committee on Palestine</a> (UNSCOP) to find an immediate solution to the Palestine question, which the British had handed over to the UN. The report indicated that the Arab state would be forced to call for financial assistance "from international institutions in the way of loans for expansion of education, public health and other vital social services of a non-self-supporting nature." A technical note from the Secretariat explained that without some redistribution of customs from the Jewish state, Arab Palestine would not be economically viable. The committee was satisfied that the proposed Jewish State and the City of Jerusalem would be viable.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The majority of the members of UNSCOP proposed certain recommendations for the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> which on 29 November 1947 adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">Partition Plan</a>, based substantially on those proposals as Resolution 181(II). PART I: Future constitution and government of Palestine: A. Clause 3. provided as follows:- Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, set forth in part III of this plan, shall come into existence in Palestine two months after the evacuation of the armed forces of the mandatory Power has been completed but in any case not later than 1 October 1948. The resolution noted Britain's planned termination of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate for Palestine</a> and recommended the partition of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> into two states, one <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, with the Jerusalem-Bethlehem area being under special international protection, administered by the United Nations. The resolution included a highly detailed description of the recommended boundaries for each proposed state.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The resolution also contained a plan for an economic union between the proposed states, and a plan for the protection of religious and minority rights. The resolution sought to address the conflicting objectives and claims to the Mandate territory of two competing nationalist movements, <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> (Jewish nationalism) and Arab nationalism, as well as to resolve the plight of Jews displaced as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. The resolution called for the withdrawal of British forces and termination of the Mandate by 1 August 1948, and establishment of the new independent states by 1 October 1948. The leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Agency for Palestine">Jewish Agency for Palestine</a> accepted the plan, while Arab leaders refused it.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In the October 1947 Arab League conference in <a href="/wiki/Aley" title="Aley">Aley</a>, the Arab states rejected the option of establishing an interim Palestinian Arab government and the Lebanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Riad_Al_Solh" title="Riad Al Solh">Riad Al Solh</a> in particular told Hajj Amin al-Husseini that if a Palestinian Arab government will be established, he couldn't be part of it. <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Hassan_Azzam" title="Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam">Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam</a> wanted the Arab League to manage the Arab struggle in Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">King Abdullah I</a> of Jordan met with a delegation headed by <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> (who later became Prime Minister of Israel in 1968) to negotiate terms for accepting the partition plan, but rejected its proposal that Jordan remain neutral. Indeed, the king knew that the nascent Palestinian state would soon be absorbed by its Arab neighbors, and therefore had a vested interest in being party to the imminent war.<a href="#cite_note-Tessler-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_war_1947–48">Civil war 1947–48</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a></div> Soon after the UN resolution, less than half a year prior to the expiration of the British Mandate, large-scale fighting broke out between the Arab and Jewish communities in Palestine. By the time Israel declared its independence on 14 May 1948, the result of these five and a half months of fighting was, according to historian <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, a "decisive Jewish victory". On one side, the "Palestinian Arab military power was crushed" and most of the Arab population in the combat zones was fleeing or had been driven out. On the other side, the "<a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> transformed from a militia into an army" and succeeded "in consolidating its hold on a continuous strip of territory embracing the Coastal Plain, the Jezreel Valley, and the Jordan Valley". The <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> (the Jewish community and its "state-in-waiting"-type organisations) proved it had the capability to defend itself, persuading the United States and the remainder of the world to support it and the "victory over the Palestinian Arabs gave the Haganah the experience and self-confidence [...] to confront [...] the invading armies of the Arab states."<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> On 12 April 1948, the Arab League announced:<blockquote>The Arab armies shall enter Palestine to rescue it. His Majesty (King Farouk, representing the League) would like to make it clearly understood that such measures should be looked upon as temporary and devoid of any character of the occupation or partition of Palestine, and that after completion of its liberation, that country would be handed over to its owners to rule in the way they like.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948_war_until_1988">1948 war until 1988</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab–Israeli_War_(1948)">Arab–Israeli War (1948)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></div> On May 14, 1948, at the end of the British Mandate, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_People%27s_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish People's Council">Jewish People's Council</a> gathered in Tel Aviv and the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Establishment_of_State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel">declared</a> the establishment of a Jewish state in <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Eretz-Israel</a>, to be known as the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> U.S. President Harry Truman recognised the State of Israel de facto the following day. The Arab countries declared war on the newly formed <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> heralding the start of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. Armies of the neighbouring Arab states entered the former Mandate territories the next day starting the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. But some of the leaders of these countries had plans of their own for Palestine. As the Palestinian writer <a href="/wiki/Hisham_Sharabi" title="Hisham Sharabi">Hisham Sharabi</a> would observe, Palestine had "disappeared from the map".<a href="#cite_note-Sharabi-24">[24]</a> As a result of the war, Egypt <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">occupied</a> the Gaza Strip,<a href="#cite_note-Tessler2-25">[25]</a> and in September 1948, formed the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a> in Gaza, partly as an Arab League move to limit the influence of Jordan over the Palestinian issue. The former mufti of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Amin al-Husayni">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a>, was appointed president. On October 1 of that year, the All-Palestine government declared an independent Palestinian state in all of Palestine region with Jerusalem as its capital. This government was recognised by Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a>, but not by <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> or any non-Arab country. However, it was little more than a facade under Egyptian control and had negligible influence or funding. Egypt did not permit unrestricted entry of Palestinians from Gaza into Egypt proper, and vice versa. In 1959, <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, president of Egypt, dissolved the All-Palestine government to rule the Gaza Strip directly. King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I of Jordan</a> sent the Arab Legion into the West Bank with no intention of withdrawing it following the war. Jordan <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">annexed the West Bank</a>, including East Jerusalem, granting citizenship to the Arab refugees and residents living in the West Bank against the objection of many Arab leaders who still hoped to establish an Arab state of Palestine. The country's name was changed in 1949 from Transjordan to Jordan and Palestinians were given seats in the Jordanian Parliament. A royal decree in March 1949 forbade the use of the term "Palestine" in legal documents, and other measures[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] were designed to emphasize that there would not be an independent Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Mishal-26">[26]</a> He also banned any opinion contrary to unification of the two territories and outlawed all All-Palestine Government activity within territories under his control. After the war, which the Israelis call the War of Independence and the Palestinians call the Catastrophe, the 1949 Armistice Agreements established the separation lines between the combatants, leaving Israel in control of some of the areas which had been designated for the Arab state under the Partition Plan, Transjordan in control of the West Bank, Egypt in control of the Gaza Strip and Syria in control of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmah_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmah Area (page does not exist)">Himmah Area</a>. The Arab League "supervised" the Egyptian trusteeship of the Palestinian government in Gaza after and secured assurances from Jordan that the 1950 Act of Union was "without prejudice to the final settlement".<a href="#cite_note-WhitemanII-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jordanian_West_Bank">Jordanian West Bank</h4></div> King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah I of Jordan</a> annexed the West Bank, granting citizenship to the Arab refugees and residents against the wishes of many Arab leaders who still hoped to establish an Arab state. Under Abdullah's leadership, Arab hopes of independence were dealt a severe blow. In March he issued a royal decree forbidding the use of the term "Palestine" in any legal documents, and pursued other measures designed to make the fact that there would not be an independent Palestine clear and certain.<a href="#cite_note-Mishal-26">[26]</a> During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Transjordan occupied the area of <a href="/wiki/Cisjordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisjordan">Cisjordan</a>, now called the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>), which it continued to control in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a> and a political union formed in December 1948. Military Proclamation Number 2 of 1948 provided for the application in the West Bank of laws that were applicable in Palestine on the eve of the termination of the Mandate. On 2 November 1948, the military rule was replaced by a civilian administration by virtue of the Law Amending Public Administration Law in Palestine. Military Proclamation Number 17 of 1949, Section 2, vested the King of Jordan with all the powers that were enjoyed by the King of England, his ministers and the High Commissioner of Palestine by the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922. Section 5 of this law confirmed that all laws, regulations and orders that were applicable in Palestine until the termination of the Mandate would remain in force until repealed or amended.<a href="#cite_note-Shehadeh-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Conference" title="Jericho Conference">Second Arab-Palestinian Congress</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> was held in Jericho on 1 December 1948 at the end of the war. The delegates proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">Abdullah</a> King of Palestine and called for a union of Arab Palestine with the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Avi Plascov says that Abdullah contacted the Nashashibi opposition, local mayors, mukhars, those opposed to the Husaynis, and opposition members of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">AHC</a>. Plascov said that the Palestinian Congresses were conducted in accordance with prevailing Arab custom. He also said that contrary to the widely held belief outside Jordan the representatives did reflect the feelings of a large segment of the population.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Transjordanian Government agreed to the unification on 7 December 1948, and on 13 December the Transjordanian parliament approved the creation of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The change of status was reflected by the adoption of this new official name on 21 January 1949.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Unification was ratified by a joint Jordanian National Assembly on 24 April 1950 which comprised twenty representatives each from the East and West Bank. The Act of Union contained a protective clause which preserved Arab rights in Palestine "without prejudice to any final settlement".<a href="#cite_note-WhitemanII-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shehadeh-29">[29]</a> Many legal scholars say the declaration of the Arab League and the Act of Union implied that Jordan's claim of sovereignty was provisional, because it had always been subject to the emergence of the Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A political union was legally established by the series of proclamations, decrees, and parliamentary acts in December 1948. Abdullah thereupon took the title King of Jordan, and he officially changed the country's name to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in April 1949. The 1950 Act of Union confirmed and ratified King Abdullah's actions. Following the annexation of the West Bank, only two countries formally recognized the union: Britain and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Thomas Kuttner notes that de facto recognition was granted to the regime, most clearly evidenced by the maintaining of consulates in East Jerusalem by several countries, including the United States.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Joseph Weiler agreed, and said that other states had engaged in activities, statements, and resolutions that would be inconsistent with non-recognition.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Joseph Massad said that the members of the Arab League granted de facto recognition and that the United States had formally recognized the annexation, except for Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The policy of the U.S. Department, was stated in a paper on the subject prepared for the Foreign Ministers meetings in London in May was in favor of the incorporation of Central Palestine into Jordan, but desired that it be done gradually and not by sudden proclamation. Once the annexation took place, the department approved of the action "in the sense that it represents a logical development of the situation which took place as a result of a free expression of the will of the people.... The United States continued to wish to avoid a public expression of approval of the union."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The United States government extended de jure recognition to the Government of Transjordan and the Government of Israel on the same day, 31 January 1949.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> U.S. President Truman told King Abdullah that the policy of the U.S. as regards a final territorial settlement in Palestine had been stated in the General Assembly on 30 November 1948 by the American representative. The U.S. supported Israeli claims to the boundaries set forth in the UN General Assembly resolution of 29 November 1947, but believed that if Israel sought to retain additional territory in Palestine allotted to the Arabs, it should give the Arabs territorial compensation.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Clea Bunch said that "President Truman crafted a balanced policy between Israel and its moderate Hashemite neighbours when he simultaneously extended formal recognition to the newly created state of Israel and the Kingdom of Transjordan. These two nations were inevitably linked in the President's mind as twin emergent states: one serving the needs of the refugee Jew, the other absorbing recently displaced Palestinian Arabs. Truman was aware of the private agreements that existed between Jewish Agency leaders and King Abdullah I of Jordan. Thus, it made perfect sense to Truman to favour both states with de jure recognition."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Sandra Berliant Kadosh analyzed U.S. policy toward the West Bank in 1948, based largely on the Foreign Relations Documents of the United States. She noted that the U.S. government believed that the most satisfactory solution regarding the disposition of the greater part of Arab Palestine would be incorporation in Transjordan and that the State Department approved the Principle underlying the Jericho resolutions.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Kadosh said that the delegates claimed to represent 90 percent of the population, and that they ridiculed the Gaza government. They asserted that it represented only its eighty-odd members.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="All-Palestine">All-Palestine</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></div> In Gaza, the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a> was formed prior to the war's end in September 1948. The government, under the leadership of the Mufti of Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Amin al-Husayni">Mohammad Amin al-Husayni</a>, declared the independence of the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">Palestinian state</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kassim-46">[46]</a>: 294  with Jerusalem as its capital. The All-Palestine Government would go on to be recognized by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab states">Arab states</a> refused to recognize it. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a> supervised the government of Palestine in Gaza as a trustee on behalf of the Arab League.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> An Egyptian Ministerial order dated 1 June 1948 declared that all laws in force during the Mandate would continue to be in force in the Gaza Strip. Another order issued on 8 August 1948 vested an Egyptian Administrator-General with the powers of the High Commissioner. The All-Palestine Government had very limited power however, as Egypt maintained control over Gaza's administration. The All-Palestine Government was under official Egyptian protection,<a href="#cite_note-gelber177-48">[48]</a> but on the other hand it had no executive role, but rather mostly political and symbolic.<a href="#cite_note-gelber177-48">[48]</a> Its importance gradually declined, especially with the government seat relocation from Gaza to Cairo in December 1948. Shortly thereafter, the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Conference" title="Jericho Conference">Jericho Conference</a> named <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">King Abdullah I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a>, "King of Arab Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The Congress called for the union of Arab Palestine and Transjordan and Abdullah announced his intention to <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annex</a> the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. The other Arab League <a href="/wiki/Member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states">member states</a> opposed Abdullah's plan. The U.S. advised the Arab states that the U.S. attitude regarding Israel had been clearly stated in the UN by Dr. Jessup on 20 November 1949. He said that the U.S. supported Israeli claims to the boundaries set forth in the UN General Assembly resolution. However, the U.S. believed that if Israel sought to retain additional territory in Palestine it should give the Arabs other territory as compensation.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The Israelis agreed that the boundaries were negotiable, but did not agree to the principle of compensation as a precondition. Israel's Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Eban</a> stressed that it was undesirable to undermine what had already been accomplished by the armistice agreements, and maintained that Israel held no territory wrongfully, since her occupation of the areas had been sanctioned by the armistice agreements, as had the occupation of the territory in Palestine held by the Arab states.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In late 1949, under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conciliation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conciliation Commission">UNCCP</a>, their subsidiary Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East, headed by Gordon R. Clapp, recommended four development projects, involving the <a href="/wiki/Zarqa_River" title="Zarqa River">Wadi Zerqa</a> basin in Jordan, the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a> watershed and stream bed in Arab Palestine, the <a href="/wiki/Litani_River" title="Litani River">Litani River</a> in Lebanon, and the <a href="/wiki/Ghab_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghab valley">Ghab valley</a> in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> considered the mission's plans positive,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a> subsequently announced that the Foreign Economic Assistance Act of 1950 contained an appropriation of US$27 million for the development projects recommended by the Clapp Mission and to assist Palestinian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-US1950p921-56">[56]</a> In a diplomatic conversation held on 5 June 1950 between <a href="/wiki/Stuart_W._Rockwell" title="Stuart W. Rockwell">Stuart W. Rockwell</a> of the State Department's Office of African and Near Eastern Affairs and Abdel Monem Rifai, a Counselor of the Jordan Legation. Rifai asked when the U.S. was going to recognize the union of Arab Palestine and Jordan. Rockwell explained the Department's position, stating that it was not the custom of the U.S. to issue formal statements of recognition every time a foreign country changed its territorial area. The union of Arab Palestine and Jordan had been brought about as a result of the will of the people and the U.S. accepted the fact that Jordanian sovereignty had been extended to the new area. Rifai said he had not realized this and that he was very pleased to learn that the U.S. did in fact recognize the union. The U.S. State Department published this memorandum of conversation in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-US1950p921-56">[56]</a> In 1957, the Basic Law of Gaza established a Legislative Council that could pass laws which were given to the High Administrator-General for approval. In 1959, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdul_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal Abdul Nasser">Gamal Abdul Nasser</a> ordered the dismantling of the All-Palestine Protectorate for good. In March 1962, a Constitution for the Gaza Strip was issued confirming the role of the Legislative Council.<a href="#cite_note-Shehadeh-29">[29]</a> The All-Palestine Protectorate is regarded by some as the first attempt to establish an independent Palestinian state, whilst most just saw it as an Egyptian puppet, only to be annulled a few years after its creation by no less than <a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> of Egypt. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Six-Day_War_(1967)">Six-Day War (1967)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></div> In June 1967, Israel captured and occupied the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, from Jordan, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> from Egypt, and the area of <a href="/wiki/Western_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> from Syria as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. Israel, which was ordered to withdraw from territories occupied during the war in exchange for Arab recognition and the negotiation of final borders by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> unilaterally annexed <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> and later applied Israeli civil law to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>. On 9 June 1967, Israeli Foreign Minister Eban assured the U.S. that it was not seeking territorial aggrandizement and had no "colonial" aspirations.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> stressed to Israel that no settlement with Jordan would be accepted by the global community unless it gave Jordan some special position in the Old City of Jerusalem. The U.S. also assumed Jordan would receive the bulk of the West Bank as that was regarded as Jordanian territory.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> considers the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, held under <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> by Israel subject to the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Israel does not accept that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>, but has stated that on humanitarian issues it will govern itself de facto by its provisions, without specifying which these are.<a href="#cite_note-Gerson,_Allan_1978,_p._82-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roberts,_Adam_1988_pp._345-359-62">[62]</a> The Gaza Strip is still considered to be occupied by the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and the majority of governments and legal commentators, despite the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> On 3 November 1967, U.S. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Goldberg</a> called on King Hussein of Jordan, saying that the U.S. was committed to the principle of political independence and territorial integrity and was ready to reaffirm it bilaterally and publicly in the Security Council resolution. According to Goldberg, the U.S. believed in territorial integrity, withdrawal, and recognition of secure boundaries. Goldberg said the principle of territorial integrity has two important sub-principles, there must be a withdrawal to recognized and secure frontiers for all countries, not necessarily the old armistice lines, and there must be mutuality in adjustments.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The U.S. President's Special Assistant, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Rostow" title="Walt Rostow">Walt Rostow</a>, told Israeli ambassador <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Harman" title="Avraham Harman">Harmon</a> that he had already stressed to Foreign Minister Eban that the U.S. expected the thrust of the settlement would be toward security and demilitarisation arrangements rather than toward major changes in the armistice lines. Harmon said the Israeli position was that Jerusalem should be an open city under unified administration, but that the Jordanian interest in Jerusalem could be met through arrangements including "sovereignty". Rostow said the U.S. government assumed (and Harman confirmed) that despite public statements to the contrary, the Government of Israel position on Jerusalem was that which Eban, Harman, and Evron had given several times, that Jerusalem was negotiable.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Following the outbreak of fighting in Jordan in September 1970 between the Jordanian army and Palestinian guerilla, the US government began considering the creation of a separate Palestinian political entity. However, a Palestinian state was the least considered alternative. A State Department memo of 1970 stated in that regard: <blockquote> such a state would presumably have to be limited to the West Bank and Gaza, it would probably not be economically viable without the injection of large-scale outside financial assistance. Its political viability is also doubtful, since a large number of Palestinians would remain outside its borders and it would tend to be dominated by a larger and more powerful Israel.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PLO_and_the_binational_state_solution">PLO and the binational state solution</h4></div> Before the Six-Day War, the movement for an independent Palestine received a boost in 1964 when the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> was established. Its goal, as stated in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Covenant" title="Palestinian National Covenant">Palestinian National Covenant</a> was to create a Palestinian state in the whole British Mandate, a statement which nullified Israel's <a href="/wiki/Right_to_exist" title="Right to exist">right to exist</a>. The PLO would become the leading force in the Palestinian national movement politically, and its leader, Egyptian-born <a href="/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yassir Arafat">Yassir Arafat</a>, would become regarded as the leader of the Palestinian people. In 1969, the Fatah movement, accepting as a fait accompli the presence in Palestine of a large number of Jews, declared that it was not fighting against Jews, but against Israel as a racist and theocratic entity. The fifth national council of the Palestine Liberation Organisation in February 1969 passed a resolution confirming that the PLO's objective was "to establish a free and democratic society in Palestine for all Palestinians whether they are Muslims, Christians or Jews". The PLO was not successful in building support for the binational solution within Israeli society, however, which lay the groundwork for an eventual re-scoping of the PLO's aim toward partition into two states.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rift_between_Jordan_and_Palestinian_leadership_(1970)">Rift between Jordan and Palestinian leadership (1970)</h4></div> After the events of <a href="/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September in Jordan">Black September in Jordan</a>, the rift between the Palestinian leadership and the Kingdom of Jordan continued to widen. The Arab League affirmed the right of the Palestinian people to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and called on all the Arab states, including Jordan, to undertake to defend Palestinian national unity and not to interfere in internal Palestinian affairs. The Arab League also 'affirmed the right of the Palestinian people to establish an independent national authority under the command of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people in any Palestinian territory that is liberated.' King Ḥussein dissolved the Jordanian parliament. Half of its members had been West Bank representatives. He renounced Jordanian claims to the West Bank, and allowed the PLO to assume responsibility as the Provisional Government of Palestine. The Kingdom of Jordan, Egypt, and Syria no longer act as the legitimate representatives of the Palestinian people, or their territory.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ten_Point_Program">Ten Point Program</h4></div> In 1974, the PLO adopted the <a href="/wiki/PLO%27s_Phased_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO's Phased Plan">Ten Point Program</a>, which called for the establishment of an Israeli-Palestinian democratic, binational state (a <a href="/wiki/One_state_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="One state solution">one state solution</a>). It also called for the establishment of Palestinian rule on "any part" of its liberated territory, as a step towards "completing the liberation of all Palestinian territory, and as a step along the road to comprehensive Arab unity." While this was not seen by Israel as a significant moderation of PLO policy, the phrasing was extremely controversial within the PLO itself, where it was widely regarded as a move towards a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>. The adoption of the program, under pressure from Arafat's <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> faction and some minor groups (e.g. <a href="/wiki/DFLP" class="mw-redirect" title="DFLP">DFLP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Sa%27iqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sa'iqa">al-Sa'iqa</a>) led many hard-line groups to break away from the Arafat and the mainstream PLO members, forming the <a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a>. To some extent, this split is still evident today. Declassified diplomatic documents reveal that in 1974, on the eve of the UN debate that granted the PLO an observer status, some parts of the PLO leadership were considering to proclaim the formation of a Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a> at some point.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> This plan, however, was not carried out. At the <a href="/wiki/Rabat_summit_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabat summit conference">Rabat summit conference</a> in 1974, Jordan and the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> declared that the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Liberation Organization">Palestinian Liberation Organization</a> was the "sole legitimate representative of the [Arab] Palestinian people", thereby relinquishing to that organization its role as representative of the West Bank. During the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords_(1978)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David Accords (1978)">Camp David</a> negotiations between Israel and Egypt <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> proposed the creation of a Palestinian state in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>. Israel refused.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In a speech delivered on 1 September 1982, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> called for a settlement freeze and continued to support full Palestinian autonomy in political union with Jordan. He also said that "It is the United States' position that – in return for peace – the withdrawal provision of Resolution 242 applies to all fronts, including the West Bank and Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Amman Agreement of 11 February 1985, declared that the PLO and Jordan would pursue a proposed confederation between the state of Jordan and a Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 1988, King Hussein dissolved the Jordanian parliament and renounced Jordanian claims to the West Bank. The PLO assumed responsibility as the Provisional Government of Palestine and an independent state was declared.<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declaration_of_the_state_in_1988">Declaration of the state in 1988</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine#Declaration_of_Independence_(1988)" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine § Declaration of Independence (1988)</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">declaration</a> of a <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: دولة فلسطين) took place in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> on November 15, 1988, by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a>, the legislative body of the <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">Palestinian Liberation Organization</a> (PLO). It was approved by the Palestinian National Council (PNC) by a vote of 253 in favour, 46 against and 10 abstentions. It was read by <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> at the closing session of the 19th PNC to a standing ovation.<a href="#cite_note-GiE-77">[77]</a> Upon completing the reading of the declaration, Arafat, as <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization</a> assumed the title of "President of Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> By the 1988 declaration, the PNC empowered its central council to form a <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> when appropriate, and called upon its executive committee to perform the duties of the government-in-exile until its establishment.<a href="#cite_note-GiE-77">[77]</a> The borders of the state were not specified. Jordan <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">extended recognition</a> to the state and ceded its claim to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, which had been previously designated by the Arab League as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA), the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, envision the establishment of a State of Palestine to include all or part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, living in peace with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> under a democratically elected and transparent government. The PNA, however, does not claim sovereignty over any territory and therefore is not the government of the State of Palestine proclaimed in 1988. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/250px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/375px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/500px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Palestinian flag</a></figcaption></figure> Referring to "the historical injustice inflicted on the Palestinian Arab people resulting in their dispersion and depriving them of their <a href="/wiki/Right_to_self-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to self-determination">right to self-determination</a>," the declaration recalled the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> (1923) and <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_181" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly Resolution 181">UN General Assembly Resolution 181</a> (1947 Partition Plan) as supporting the rights of Palestinians and Palestine. The declaration then proclaims a "State of Palestine on our Palestinian territory with its capital Jerusalem".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quigleyp212-83">[83]</a> The borders of the declared State of Palestine were not specified. The population of the state was referred to by the statement: "The State of Palestine is the state of Palestinians wherever they may be". The state was defined as an Arab country by the statement: "The State of Palestine is an Arab state, an integral and indivisible part of the Arab nation". The declaration was accompanied by a PNC call for multilateral negotiations on the basis of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council Resolution 242</a>. This call was later termed "the Historic Compromise",<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> as it implied acceptance of the "two-state solution", namely that it no longer questioned the legitimacy of the State of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Quigleyp212-83">[83]</a> The PNC's political communiqué accompanying the declaration called only for withdrawal from "<a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">Arab Jerusalem</a>" and the other "Arab territories occupied."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Arafat's statements in Geneva a month later<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> were accepted by the United States as sufficient to remove the ambiguities it saw in the declaration and to fulfill the longheld conditions for open dialogue with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> As a result of the declaration, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) convened, inviting Arafat, Chairman of the PLO to give an address. An UNGA resolution was adopted "acknowledging the proclamation of the State of Palestine by the Palestine National Council on 15 November 1988," and it was further decided that "the designation 'Palestine' should be used in place of the designation 'Palestine Liberation Organization' in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_system" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations system">United Nations system</a>," and it delegate was assigned a seated in the UN General Assembly immediately after non-member states, and before all other observers.<a href="#cite_note-GA52250-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> One hundred and four states voted for this resolution, forty-four abstained, and two – the United States and Israel – voted against.<a href="#cite_note-Shehadeh-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-quigley2009-91">[91]</a> By mid-December, seventy-five states had recognized Palestine, rising to eighty-nine states by February 1989.<a href="#cite_note-Kassim-46">[46]</a>: 49  The declaration is generally interpreted to be a major step on the path to Israel's recognition by the Palestinians. Just as in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israel's declaration of independence</a>, it partly bases its claims on <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">UN GA 181</a>. By reference to "resolutions of Arab Summits" and "UN resolutions since 1947" (like <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_242" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 242">SC 242</a>) it implicitly and perhaps ambiguously restricted its immediate claims to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. It was accompanied by a political statement that explicitly mentioned SC 242 and other UN resolutions and called only for withdrawal from "<a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">Arab Jerusalem</a>" and the other "Arab territories occupied."<a href="#cite_note-declaration-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>'s statements in Geneva a month later were accepted by the United States as sufficient to remove the ambiguities it saw in the declaration and to fulfill the longheld conditions for open dialogue with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_Authority_(1994)">Palestinian Authority (1994)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:We-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/We-map.png/300px-We-map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="654" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/We-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>The West Bank</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gz-map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gz-map2.png/250px-Gz-map2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Gz-map2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>The Gaza Strip</figcaption></figure> Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> signed between Israel and the PLO, the latter assumed control over the <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> area of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip on 17 May 1994. On 28 September 1995, following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Agreement_on_the_West_Bank_and_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip">Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip</a>, Israeli military forces withdrew from the West Bank towns of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, Jericho, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulkarem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulkarem">Tulkarem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>. In December 1995, the PLO also assumed responsibility for civil administration in 17 areas in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eurp905-93">[93]</a> While the PLO assumed these responsibilities as a result of Oslo, a new temporary interim administrative body was set up as a result of the Accords to carry out these functions on the ground: the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA). According to <a href="/wiki/Omar_Dajani" title="Omar Dajani">Omar Dajani</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] the relationship between the PLO and PNA (or PA) in light of the interim arrangements of Oslo Accords may be stating as "Palestine may best be described as a transitional association between the PA and the PLO." He goes on to explain that this transitional association accords the PA responsibility for local government and the PLO responsibility for representation of the Palestinian people in the international arena, while prohibiting it from concluding international agreements that affect the status of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. This situation is said to be accepted by the Palestinian population insofar as it is viewed as a temporary arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-Dajanip121-94">[94]</a> In 2005, following the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">Israel's unilateral disengagement plan</a>, PNA gained full control of the Gaza Strip with the exception of its borders, airspace, and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_control">[iii]</a> This increased the percentage of land in the Gaza strip nominally governed by the PA from 60 percent to 100 percent. The West Bank and Gaza Strip continued to be considered by the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Palestinian Territory">Occupied Palestinian Territory</a>, notwithstanding the 1988 declaration of Palestinian independence, the limited self-government accorded to the Palestinian Authority as a result of the 1993 Oslo Accords, and Israel's withdrawal from Gaza as part of the Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2005, which saw the dismantlement of four <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a> in the West Bank and all settlements in the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-Morep27-95">[95]</a> In March 2008, it was reported that the PA was working to increase the number of countries that recognize Palestine and that a PA representative had signed a bilateral agreement between the State of Palestine and Costa Rica.<a href="#cite_note-Forward-96">[96]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a> position paper (2009) said the reality is that the PA has entered into various agreements with international organizations and states. These instances of foreign relations undertaken by the PA signify that the Interim Agreement is part of a larger on-going peace process, and that the restrictions on the foreign policy operations of the PA conflict with the inalienable right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, now a norm with a nature of jus cogens, which includes a right to engage in international relations with other peoples.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-97">[97]</a> Israeli government and many experts consider such actions as violation of the Oslo Accords.<a href="#cite_note-Ravid2012-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ahren2012-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> When the PA is exercising the power that is granted to them by the Oslo Accords, they're acting in the capacity of an agency whose authority is based on an agreement between Israel and the PLO and not as a state.<a href="#cite_note-Ahren2012-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Split_of_Fatah_and_Hamas">Split of Fatah and Hamas</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hamas-Fatah_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamas-Fatah conflict">Hamas-Fatah conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of the Gaza Strip">Governance of the Gaza Strip</a></div> In 2007, after <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">Hamas's legislative victories</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> engaged into a <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">violent conflict</a>, taking place mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, leading to effective collapse of the Palestinian national unity government. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Gaza_(2007)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle for Gaza (2007)">takeover in Gaza by Hamas</a> on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority Chairman Abbas dismissed the <a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of the Gaza Strip">Hamas-led government</a> and appointed <a href="/wiki/Salam_Fayyad" title="Salam Fayyad">Salam Fayyad</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Prime Minister</a>. Though the new government's authority is claimed to extend to all <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>, in effect it became limited to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, as Hamas hasn't recognized the move and continued to <a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of the Gaza Strip">rule</a> the Gaza Strip. While PNA budget comes mainly from various aid programs and support of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, the Hamas Government in Gaza became dependent mainly on Iran until the eruption of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine_in_the_United_Nations">Palestine in the United Nations</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_United_Nations_membership_application">2011 United Nations membership application</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_194" title="Palestine 194">Palestine 194</a></div> After a two-year impasse in negotiations with Israel, the Palestinian Authority sought to gain recognition as a state according to its 1967 borders with <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> as its capital from the UN General Assembly in September 2011.<a href="#cite_note-BronnerNYT-101">[101]</a> A successful application for membership in the UN would require approval from the UN Security Council and a two-thirds majority in the UN General Assembly. On the prospect of this being successful, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a> alluded to a potential U.S. government withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations funding">UN funding</a>: "This would be exceedingly politically damaging in our domestic context, as you can well imagine. And I cannot frankly think of a greater threat to our ability to maintain financial and political support for the United Nations in Congress than such an outcome."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 28 June, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> passed <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-resolution/185">S.Res. 185</a> calling on U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to veto the motion and threatening a withdrawal of aid to the West Bank if the Palestinians followed through on their plans.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> At the likely prospect of a veto, Palestinian leaders signalled they might opt instead for a more limited upgrade to "non-member state" status, which requires only the approval of the UN General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-alplan-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> stated he would accept a return to negotiations and abandon the decision if the Israelis agree to the 1967 borders and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return for Palestinian refugees</a>. Israel labelled the plan as a unilateral step,<a href="#cite_note-erekatquote-105">[105]</a> to which Foreign Minister Erekat replied,<blockquote>"We are not going [to the UN] for a unilateral declaration of the Palestinian state. We declared our state in 1988 and we have embassies in more than 130 countries and more countries are recognising our state on the 1967 borders. The recognition of the Palestinian state is a sovereignty decision by the countries and it doesn't need to happen through the UN."<a href="#cite_note-erekatquote-105">[105]</a></blockquote> The Arab League formally backed the plan in May,<a href="#cite_note-alplan-104">[104]</a> and was officially confirmed by the PLO on 26 June.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On 11 July, the <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet on the Middle East</a> met to discuss a return to negotiations, but the meeting produced no result. On 13 July, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Riyad_Mansour" title="Riyad Mansour">Riyad Mansour</a> claimed that 122 states had so far extended formal recognition to the Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> On the following day, the Arab League released a draft statement which declared a consensus to "go to the United Nations to request the recognition of the State of Palestine with Al Quds as its capital and to move ahead and request a full membership."<a href="#cite_note-alplan-104">[104]</a> The league's secretary-general, <a href="/wiki/Nabil_el-Araby" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabil el-Araby">Nabil al-Arabi</a>, confirmed the statement and said that the application for membership will be submitted by the Arab League.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On 18 July, Syria announced that it had formally recognised the State of Palestine, the last Arab state to do so.<a href="#cite_note-syriarecog-109">[109]</a> The decision was welcomed by the league,<a href="#cite_note-syriarecog-109">[109]</a> but met with criticism from some, including former Lebanese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Selim_al-Hoss" class="mw-redirect" title="Selim al-Hoss">Selim al-Hoss</a>: "Syria has always been calling for the liberation of Palestine from Israeli occupation and ambitions. The latest stance, however, shows that [Syria] has given up on a national policy that has spanned several decades. ... Why this abandonment of a national principle, and what is the motive behind it? There is no motive except to satisfy international powers that seek to appease Israel".<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> On 23 September, Abbas delivered to the UN Secretary-General the official application for recognition of a Palestinian state by the UN and a membership in the same organization.<a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-only1967-112">[112]</a> On 11 November a report was approved by the Security Council which concluded that the council had been unable "to make a unanimous recommendation" on membership for Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_UNESCO_membership">2011 UNESCO membership</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png/333px-Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png" decoding="async" width="333" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png/500px-Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png/666px-Palestine_UNESCO_vote.png 2x" data-file-width="1387" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>UNESCO membership voting results: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  In favour <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Against <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Abstentions <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Absent <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  non-members / ineligible to vote</figcaption></figure> The PLO was accorded observer status at <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1974. In 1989, an application for the admission of Palestine as a member state was submitted by a group of seven states during the 131st session of UNESCO's executive board.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The board postponed a decision until the next session, and the item was included on each session's agenda thereafter, being repeatedly deferred.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> During the board's 187th session in September 2011, a draft resolution was presented by 24 states requesting that the application be considered and Palestine be granted membership in the organisation. Following consultations between the representatives of the 58-member board, the draft resolution was put for voting on 5 October. The board voted in favour of recommending the application, winning the approval of 40 states.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-unescovr-118">[118]</a> The resolution to admit Palestine as the agency's 195th <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_UNESCO" title="Member states of UNESCO">member state</a> was adopted at the 36th General Conference on 31 October.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Of the 185 dues-paying members eligible for voting, 107 were in favour, 14 were against, 52 abstained and 12 were absent.<a href="#cite_note-jirish-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNESCOVOTE-121">[121]</a> The resolution was submitted by a total of 43 states.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Its membership was ratified on 23 November.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-member_Observer_State_status_in_the_UN_(2012)">Non-member Observer State status in the UN (2012)</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg/333px-UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="333" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg/500px-UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg/666px-UN_Resolution_of_Palestine_as_Observer_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>UN observer state status voting results: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  In favour <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Against <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Abstentions <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Absent <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Non-members</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution_67/19" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19">United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19</a></div> By September 2012, with their application for full membership stalled, Palestinian representatives had decided to pursue an upgrade in status from "observer entity" to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers#Non-member_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">"non-member observer state"</a>. On November 27 it was announced that the appeal had been officially made, and would be put to a vote in the General Assembly on November 29, where their status upgrade was expected to be supported by a majority of states. In addition to granting Palestine "non-member observer state status", the draft resolution "expresses the hope that the Security Council will consider favorably the application submitted on 23 September 2011 by the State of Palestine for admission to full membership in the United Nations, endorses the two state solution based on the pre-1967 borders, and stresses the need for an immediate resumption of negotiations between the two parties." On Thursday, November 29, 2012, in a 138–9 vote (with 41 abstentions and 5 absences),<a href="#cite_note-GA-124">[124]</a> General Assembly resolution 67/19 was adopted, upgrading Palestine to "<a href="/wiki/Observer_status" title="Observer status">non-member observer state</a>" status in the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-unispal1-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-126">[126]</a> The new status equates Palestine's with that of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> was also a non-member observer state until 2002. The change in status was described by <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> as "de facto recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> of Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2012accepted-127">[127]</a> The vote was a historic benchmark for the <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">recognition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>, whilst it was widely considered a diplomatic setback for Israel and the United States. Status as an observer state in the UN allows the State of Palestine to participate in general debate at the General Assembly, to co-sponsor resolutions, to join <a href="/wiki/Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaties">treaties</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized UN agencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-128">[128]</a> Even as a nonmember state, the Palestinians could join influential international bodies such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AP-129">[129]</a> where Palestinian Authority tried to have alleged Israeli <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Gaza (2008-2009)</a> investigated. However, in April 2012 prosecutors refused to open the investigation, saying it was not clear if the Palestinians were qualified as a <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> - as only states can recognize the court's jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-AP-129">[129]</a> But the prosecutor confirmed explicitly in 2014 that the upgrade of November 2012 qualified the state of Palestine to join the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome statute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On 31 December 2014 Palestinian President Abbas signed a declaration in which Palestine recognized the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for any crimes committed in the Palestinian territory since 13 June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The UN now can also help to affirm the borders of the Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">territories that Israel occupied in 1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HUFF-132">[132]</a> Theoretically Palestine could even claim legal rights over its <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Air space">air space</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> recognised by the UN[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. The UN has, after the resolution was passed, permitted Palestine to title its representative office to the UN as 'The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations',<a href="#cite_note-un.int-133">[133]</a> seen by many as a reflexion of the UN's <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> recognition of the State of Palestine's <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-unispal1-125">[125]</a> and Palestine has started to re-title its name accordingly on postal stamps, official documents and passports.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The Palestinian authorities have also instructed its diplomats to officially represent '<a href="/wiki/The_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="The State of Palestine">The State of Palestine</a>', as opposed to the '<a href="/wiki/Palestine_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine National Authority">Palestine National Authority</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-126">[126]</a> On 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that 'the designation of "State of Palestine" shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents'.<a href="#cite_note-Gharib-135">[135]</a> In January 2013, by an official decree of the Palestinian Authority President Mahmud Abbas, the Palestinian Authority has officially transformed all of its designations into the State of Palestine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_State_of_Palestine_decree">2013 State of Palestine decree</h3></div> Following the successful passage of the <a href="#2012_United_Nations_observer_state_status">2012 United Nations status resolution</a> which changed Palestine's status at the UN to that of observer state, on 3 January 2013, Abbas signed a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">presidential</a> decree 1/2013<a href="#cite_note-JohnVW-136">[136]</a> officially changing the name of the 'Palestinian Authority' to the 'State of Palestine'. The decree stated that "Official documents, seals, signs and letterheads of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> official and national institutions shall be amended by replacing the name ‘Palestinian National Authority’ whenever it appears by the name ‘State of Palestine’ and by adopting the emblem of the State of Palestine."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> According to international lawyer John V. Whitbeck the decree results in absorbing of the Palestinian Authority into the State of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-JohnVW-136">[136]</a> On 8 January 2013 the Minister of Communication Safa Nassereddin, said that because issuing new stamps requires Israeli approval to print them and bring them into the country, it was decided that the new stamps will be printed in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> and the first of these stamps will be used by Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic missions</a> abroad.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On 5 January 2013 Abbas ordered all Palestinian embassies to change any official reference to the Palestinian Authority into State of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Missions in countries that voted "against" UNGA resolution 67/19 of 2012 are ordered to consult the foreign ministry.<a href="#cite_note-MissionsConstitution-141">[141]</a> Three days later, Omar Awadallah, a foreign ministry official, said that those missions should also use the new name.<a href="#cite_note-Limitations-142">[142]</a> Some of the countries themselves, such as Norway, Sweden and Spain, stick to the Palestinian Authority term even though they voted "in favor" of the UNGA resolution.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-143">[143]</a> On 6 January 2013, Abbas ordered his cabinet of ministers to prepare regulations to issue new <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority_passport" title="Palestinian Authority passport">Palestinian passports</a>, official signs and <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">postage stamps</a> in the name of the 'State of Palestine'.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Two days later, following a negative reaction by Israel,<a href="#cite_note-Reaction-146">[146]</a> it was announced that the change will not apply to documents used at Israel <a href="/wiki/Israeli_checkpoint" title="Israeli checkpoint">checkpoints in the West Bank</a><a href="#cite_note-Huffington-143">[143]</a> and Israeli crossings,<a href="#cite_note-Limitations-142">[142]</a> unless there is a further decision by Abbas.<a href="#cite_note-Reaction-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> then said the new emblem will be used in correspondence with countries that have <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">recognized a state of Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reaction-146">[146]</a> For the time being <a href="#Institutions">the governments</a> of the renamed Authority established in 1994 and of the State established in 1988 remain distinct.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> On 5 January 2013 it was announced that it is expected the <a href="/wiki/PLO_Central_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO Central Council">PLO Central Council</a> would take over the functions of the Palestinian Authority's <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_government_of_June_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian government of June 2007">government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On the following day, Saeb Erekat, head of the PLO negotiations department, said that the authority should draft a new constitution.<a href="#cite_note-MissionsConstitution-141">[141]</a> Following the change in name, Turkey became the first state to recognize this change, and on 15 April 2013, the Turkish Consul-General in East Jerusalem <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eakir_Torunlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şakir Torunlar (page does not exist)">Şakir Torunlar</a> presented his credentials as first Turkish Ambassador to the State of Palestine to Palestinian President in Ramallah.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace_process">Peace process</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oslo_accords">Oslo accords</h3></div> In the 1990s, outstanding steps were taken which formally began a process the goal of which was to solve the Arab–Israeli conflict through a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>. Beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a> and culminating in the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Peace Accords</a> between Palestinians and Israelis, the peace process has laid the framework for Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and in Gaza. According to the Oslo Accords, signed by Yassir Arafat and then Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>, Israel would pull out of the Gaza Strip and cities in the West Bank. East Jerusalem, which had been annexed by Israel in 1980 was not mentioned in any of the agreements. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank,_Area_C.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png/220px-Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png/330px-Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png/440px-Restricted_space_in_the_West_Bank%2C_Area_C.png 2x" data-file-width="6523" data-file-height="9295" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)" title="Area C (West Bank)">Area C</a>, controlled by Israel <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Areas_in_the_Oslo_II_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord">under Oslo Accords</a>, in blue and red, in December 2011</figcaption></figure> Following the landmark accords, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA) was established to govern those areas from which Israel was to pull out. The PNA was granted limited autonomy over a non-contiguous area, though it does govern most Palestinian population centers. The process stalled with the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_2000_Summit_between_Palestinians_and_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David 2000 Summit between Palestinians and Israel">Camp David 2000 Summit between Palestinians and Israel</a>, after which the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">second Intifada</a> broke out. Israel ceased acting in cooperation with the PNA. In the shadow of the rising death toll from the violence, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> initiated the <a href="/wiki/Road_Map_for_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Map for Peace">Road Map for Peace</a> (published on June 24, 2002), which was intended to end the Intifada by disarming the Palestinian terror groups and creating an independent Palestinian state. The Road Map has stalled awaiting the implementation of the step required by the first phase of that plan with then Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon stating within weeks of the release of the final text that a settlement freeze, one of Israel's main requirements, would be "impossible" because of the need for settlers to build new houses and start families.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> It remains stalled because of Israel's continuing refusal to comply with the requirement to freeze settlement expansion and the civil war between <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>, except that on April 27, 2011, it was announced that Hamas and Fatah had reached a reconciliation agreement in a pact which was brokered by Egypt. Hamas, Fatah, and the other Palestinian political factions signed the reconciliation agreement in the official signing ceremony of that agreement which took place on May 4, 2011. In 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew from the Gaza Strip as part of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Disengagement Plan</a>. In 2008, U.S.-brokered negotiations were ongoing between Palestinian Chairman Mahmoud Abbas and the outgoing Israeli Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> published thousands of classified documents that it had received from sources close to negotiators in the 2008 negotiation talks between Israeli Prime Minister Olmert and Palestinian Chairman Mahmoud Abbas. The documents, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Papers" title="Palestine Papers">Palestine Papers</a>, showed that in private the Palestinians had made major concessions on issues that had scuttled previous negotiations. Olmert also presented his ideas for the borders for a Palestinian state, dubbed the "Napkin Map" because of Abbas having to sketch the map on a napkin because Olmert refused to allow Abbas to keep a copy for further consideration. Olmert's proposal largely followed the route of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>, and placed all of the Israeli settlement blocs and East Jerusalem Jewish neighbourhoods under Israeli sovereignty. Israel would retain around 10% of the West Bank and in return the Palestinians would receive around 5% of Israeli territory adjacent to the southern West Bank and lands adjacent to the Gaza Strip. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_talks_in_2010">Direct talks in 2010</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Direct_negotiations_between_Israel_and_the_Palestinians_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010">Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010</a></div> In early September 2010 the first peace talks since the Gaza war in 2009 were held in Washington DC between Israeli prime-minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas. The pace of the talks were assessed by the US as "break through". However, on 25 September Netanyahu did not renew a 10-month moratorium on settlement construction in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, which brought him severe criticism from the United States, Europe and the United Nations. Abbas stated that Netanyahu could not be trusted as a 'true' peace negotiator if the freeze was not extended. Netanyahu's failure to uphold the commitments he made just a few weeks earlier "to reaching a comprehensive peace agreement with Palestinians"<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> through extending the term of moratorium has caused a de facto halt of peace negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 28 September 2010, Israeli foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a>, leader of the ultra-nationalist Yisrael Beiteinu party, presented to the UN a ″<a href="/wiki/Lieberman_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieberman plan">peace plan</a>″ according to which ″parts of Israel's territory populated predominantly by Israeli Arabs would be transferred to a newly created Palestinian state, in return for annexation of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and/or population swap″.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The statement came about while Israeli prime-minister Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Abbas were holding peace talks mediated by the United States. In the press conference on 28 September Netanyahu stated "Israel, Palestinians can reach Middle-East peace in a year".<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> However, Liberman's controversial proposal means that "the conflict will not be solved within a year and that implementation of the peace agreement will take generations". Lieberman's proposal was viewed as undermining Netanyahu's credibility in the discussions and causing embarrassment for the Israeli government. According to a New York Jewish leader "Every time when Lieberman voices skepticism for peace talks, he gives Abu Mazen [Abbas] and the Arab League an opportunity to reinforce their claim that Netanyahu isn't serious." On 29 September, while commenting on the Lieberman proposal Netanyahu said that "I didn't see [the] speech beforehand, but I don't reject the idea." The proposal also caused wide 'outrage' among Israelis and US Jews. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seymour_Reich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seymour Reich (page does not exist)">Seymour Reich</a>, a former president of the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations stated that "If Lieberman can't keep his personal opinions to himself, he ought to resign from the cabinet."<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positions">Positions</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_recognition_only.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Palestine_recognition_only.svg/300px-Palestine_recognition_only.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Palestine_recognition_only.svg/450px-Palestine_recognition_only.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Palestine_recognition_only.svg/600px-Palestine_recognition_only.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>International recognition of the State of Palestine</figcaption></figure> The 2013 position of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> was that all of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> should form the basis of a future "<a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>".<a href="#cite_note-iso1-156">[156]</a> For additional discussion, see <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. Israeli governments have maintained that the area involved is subject to future negotiations, and within <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">territorial dispute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mfa1-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-jcpa1-158">[158]</a> However, the position of the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a><a href="#cite_note-islamist/islamic-159">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> faction of the PA, as stated in its founding Covenant, is that Palestine (meaning all of Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) is rightfully an Islamic state.<a href="#cite_note-HamasC-160">[160]</a> The main discussion since 1993 has focused on turning most or all of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> into an independent Palestinian state. This was the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo accords">Oslo accords</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> and it is, as a matter of official policy, favoured by the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The status of Israel within the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Armistice lines">1949 Armistice lines</a> has not been the subject of international negotiations. Some members of the PLO recognize Israel's right to exist within these boundaries; others hold that Israel must eventually be destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-HamasC-160">[160]</a> Consequently, some Israelis hold that Palestinian statehood is impossible with the current PLO as a basis, and needs to be delayed. Israel declares that its security demands that a "Palestinian entity" would not have all attributes of a state, at least initially, so that in case things go wrong, Israel would not have to face a dangerous and nearby enemy. Israel may be therefore said to agree (as of now) not to a complete and independent Palestinian state, but rather to a self-administering entity, with partial but not full sovereignty over its borders and its citizens. The central Palestinian position is that they have already compromised greatly by accepting a state covering only the areas of the West Bank and Gaza. These areas are significantly less territory than allocated to the Arab state in UN <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_181" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly Resolution 181">Resolution 181</a>. They feel that it is unacceptable for an agreement to impose additional restrictions (such as level of militarization, see below) which, they declare, makes a viable state impossible.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In particular, they are angered by significant increases in the population of Israeli settlements and communities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the interim period of the Oslo accords. Palestinians claim that they have already waited long enough, and that Israel's interests do not justify depriving their state of those rights that they consider important. The Palestinians have been unwilling to accept a territorially disjointed state. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parties_which_recognise_a_Palestinian_entity_separate_from_Israel">Parties which recognise a Palestinian entity separate from Israel</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition of the State of Palestine</a></div> <ul><li>There are conflicting reports about the number of countries that extended their recognition to the proclaimed State of Palestine. In Annex 2 of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000827/082711eo.pdf">Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO</a> from 12 May 1982, several Arab and African countries provided a list of 92 countries allegedly having extended such recognition. In the same document (Corrigendum 1), it is requested that Austria be removed from the list. Namibia is listed even though it was not independent at the time. The list also includes a considerable number of states that ceased to exist during the 1990s, most notably the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Yemen">Democratic Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a> (today: <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire</a> (today: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>). On 13 February 2008, The Palestinian Authorities' Minister of Foreign Affairs announced he could provide documents for the recognition of 67 countries in the proclaimed State of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The existing countries that are known to have extended such recognition include most <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League nations</a>, most African nations, and several Asian nations, including China and India.</li> <li>Many countries, including European countries, the United States and Israel recognize the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> established in 1994, as per the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, as an autonomous geopolitical entity without extending recognition to the 1988 proclaimed State of Palestine.</li> <li>Since the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> have recognized a separate <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Olympic_Committee" title="Palestine Olympic Committee">Palestine Olympic Committee</a> and Palestinian team. Two track & field athletes, Majdi Abu Marahil and Ihab Salama, competed for the inaugural Palestinian team.</li> <li>Since 1998, football's world governing body <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> have recognized the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_national_football_team" title="Palestine national football team">Palestine national football team</a> as a separate entity. On 26 October 2008 Palestine played their first match at home, a 1–1 draw against <a href="/wiki/Jordan_national_football_team" title="Jordan national football team">Jordan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.</li> <li>In December 2010-January 2011 <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> recognized a Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li>On January 18, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> reiterated (first time 1988) its support and recognition of the state of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li>In January 2011, Ireland upgraded the Palestinian delegation in Dublin to the status of a mission.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>In July 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a> Solidarity Movement organized a protest march in East Jerusalem, with approximately 3,000 people participating, carrying Palestinian flags and repeating slogans in favor of a unilateral declaration of independence by the Palestinian Authority.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate for Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hussein%27s_federation_plan" title="King Hussein's federation plan">King Hussein's federation plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Establishment_of_the_State_of_Israel,_May_14,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948">Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Foreign relations of the Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Accord_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Accord (2003)">Geneva Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Investment_Conference" title="Palestine Investment Conference">Palestine Investment Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Jewish_state" title="Proposals for a Jewish state">Proposals for a Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Exist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to Exist">Right to Exist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian annexation of the West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">Two-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-1"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/may/31/londonreviewofbooks">"The Mandate years: colonialism and the creation of Israel"</a>. The Guardian. 2001-05-31. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2024-06-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Mandate+years%3A+colonialism+and+the+creation+of+Israel&rft.date=2001-05-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2001%2Fmay%2F31%2Flondonreviewofbooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon1915" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_McMahon_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry McMahon (diplomat)">McMahon, Henry</a> (24 October 1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hussmac1.html">"The Hussein-MacMahon Correspondence: Letter No. 4"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020728145031/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/hussmac1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=The+Hussein-MacMahon+Correspondence%3A+Letter+No.+4&rft.date=1915-10-24&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2Fhussmac1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Sachar" title="Howard Sachar">Sachar, Howard Morley</a> (1977). The Course of Modern Jewish History – The Classic History of the Jewish People, from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Dell_Publishing" title="Dell Publishing">Dell Publishing</a>. pp. 370–71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-440-51538-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-440-51538-8">978-0-440-51538-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiteman-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Whiteman_4-0">^</a> See Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1, U.S. State Department (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp 650–652 </li> <li id="cite_note-unispal-5"><a href="#cite_ref-unispal_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101231091409/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/08e38a718201458b052565700072b358?OpenDocument">"Report of the Palestine Royal Commission, presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to the United Kingdom Parliament by Command of His Britannic Majesty (July 1937)"</a>. Domino.un.org. 1937-11-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/08e38a718201458b052565700072b358?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2010-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Palestine+Royal+Commission%2C+presented+by+the+Secretary+of+State+for+the+Colonies+to+the+United+Kingdom+Parliament+by+Command+of+His+Britannic+Majesty+%28July+1937%29&rft.pub=Domino.un.org&rft.date=1937-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.nsf%2F0%2F08e38a718201458b052565700072b358%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_S._Klieman1980" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klieman" title="Aaron Klieman">Aaron S. Klieman</a> (1980). "In the Public Domain: The Controversy over Partition for Palestine". Jewish Social Studies. 42 (2). <q>Resolutions adopted ... declared as unacceptable the scheme of partition put forward by the Commission</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=In+the+Public+Domain%3A+The+Controversy+over+Partition+for+Palestine&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Aaron+S.+Klieman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Geddes, 1991, p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHead_of_states_of_the_founding_members1998" class="citation web cs1">Head of states of the founding members (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991007232840/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/arableag.htm">"Pact of the League of Arab States, March 22, 1945"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Avalon_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Avalon Project">The Avalon Project</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/arableag.htm">the original</a> on 7 October 1999. Retrieved 9 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Avalon+Project&rft.atitle=Pact+of+the+League+of+Arab+States%2C+March+22%2C+1945&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Head+of+states+of+the+founding+members&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Flawweb%2Favalon%2Fmideast%2Farableag.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jXKTSQrTLO8C&pg=PA303">Politics and government in the Middle East and North Africa</a>, p. 303, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, by Tareq Y. Ismael, Jacqueline S. Ismael, Kamel Abu Jaber, p 303. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Henry G. Schermers and Niels M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, Hotei, 1995–2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13828-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-13828-5">90-04-13828-5</a>. p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> For example: <ul><li>Dr Goldmann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1946v07&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=680">Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. The Near East and Africa, Volume VII, p. 680</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106144820/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1946v07&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=680">Archived</a> 2018-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Mr. Shertok, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=945">Foreign relations of the United States, 1948. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V, Part 2, p. 945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106144652/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=945">Archived</a> 2018-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Rabbi Silver, Foreign relations of the United States, 1948. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa (in two parts)</li></ul> Volume V, Part 2, p. 900. <ul><li>Mr. Ben Gurion Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume VI, p. 927.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1946v01&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=411">"Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. General; the United Nations Volume I, p. 411"</a>. Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604174813/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1946v01&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=411">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1946.+General%3B+the+United+Nations+Volume+I%2C+p.+411&rft.pub=Digicoll.library.wisc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FFRUS%2FFRUS-idx%3Ftype%3Dgoto%26id%3DFRUS.FRUS1946v01%26isize%3DM%26submit%3DGo%2Bto%2Bpage%26page%3D411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Gelber, Yoav</a> (2004), Independence Versus Nakba; Kinneret–Zmora-Bitan–Dvir Publishing; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-517-190-6" title="Special:BookSources/965-517-190-6">965-517-190-6</a>; page 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> United Nations Special Committee on Palestine Report to the General Assembly, A/364, 3 September 1947, "A technical note on the viability of the proposed partition states prepared by the Secretariat" and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1947v05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=1167">Foreign Relations of the United States, 1947. The Near East and Africa Volume V, p. 1,167</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194520/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1947v05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=1167">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hQaDrfuGw1YC&pg=PA78">Part II. - Boundaries recommended in UNGA Res 181</a>, p. 78, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> Molinaro, Enrico The Holy Places of Jerusalem in Middle East Peace Agreements p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/571b9a10c26738c7852569350055f202/$FILE/gapal20.pdf">UN Doc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225075710/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/571b9a10c26738c7852569350055f202/$FILE/gapal20.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> October 17, 1947: Mr. Moshe Shertok as head of Political Department of the Jewish Agency statement to Ad Hoc committee on Palestine </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/a62f2fe8807066038525691b00658f74/$FILE/gapal04.pdf">UN Doc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218225821/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/a62f2fe8807066038525691b00658f74/%24FILE/gapal04.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> October 2. Dr <a href="/wiki/Abba_Hillel_Silver" title="Abba Hillel Silver">Abba Hillel Silver</a>, Chairman of the American Section of the Jewish Agency makes the case for a Jewish State to the Ad Hoc committee on Palestine. Jewish Agency announces acceptance of 10 of the eleven unanimous recommendations of the UN partition plan and rejection of the minority report. Of the Majority report (the Partition Plan areas) Dr Silver vacillates saying that he was prepared to "recommend to the Jewish people acceptance subject to further discussion of the constitutional and territorial provisions". </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Gelber, Yoav</a> (2004), Independence Versus Nakba; Kinneret–Zmora-Bitan–Dvir Publishing; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-517-190-6" title="Special:BookSources/965-517-190-6">965-517-190-6</a>; page 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-Tessler-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Tessler_19-0">^</a> Mark Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4">0-253-20873-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, 1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War, p. 179, Yale University Press, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Gerson, Allan (1978). p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/Zionist+Leaders-+David+Ben-Gurion.htm">"Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113000200/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/Zionist+Leaders-+David+Ben-Gurion.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zionist+Leaders%3A+David+Ben-Gurion+1886%E2%80%931973&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FHistory%2FModern%2BHistory%2FCentenary%2Bof%2BZionism%2FZionist%2BLeaders-%2BDavid%2BBen-Gurion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel: 14 May 1948</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321213130/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Declaration%20of%20Establishment%20of%20State%20of%20Israel.htm">Archived</a> 21 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharabi-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Sharabi_24-0">^</a> Hisham Sharabi, Palestine and Israel, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tessler2-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Tessler2_25-0">^</a> Meanwhile, Abdullah of ... in its place. Mark Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20873-4">0-253-20873-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mishal-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_26-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mishal" title="Shaul Mishal">Shaul Mishal</a>, West Bank/East Bank: The Palestinians in Jordan, 1949–1967 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-02191-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-02191-7">0-300-02191-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhitemanII-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhitemanII_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhitemanII_27-1">b</a> Whiteman, Marjorie M. (1963). Digest of International Law, vol. 2, Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>). pp. 1,163–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> See paragraph 2.20 of the Written Statement submitted by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511134718/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1559.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1559.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2010-06-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1559.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-Shehadeh-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadeh_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadeh_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadeh_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shehadeh_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShehadeh1977" class="citation book cs1">Shehadeh, Raja (July 3, 1977). From Occupation to Interim Accords: Israel and the Palestinian Territories (1st ed.). Springer. pp. 77–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0384-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0384-0"><bdi>978-90-411-0384-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Occupation+to+Interim+Accords%3A+Israel+and+the+Palestinian+Territories&rft.pages=77-78&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1977-07-03&rft.isbn=978-90-411-0384-0&rft.aulast=Shehadeh&rft.aufirst=Raja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172526/http://www.shehadehlaw.com/businessLaw.htm">"Business Law in Palestine: A Brief Profile"</a>. A. F. & R. Shehadeh Law Firm. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shehadehlaw.com/businessLaw.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A.+F.+%26+R.+Shehadeh+Law+Firm&rft.atitle=Business+Law+in+Palestine%3A+A+Brief+Profile&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shehadehlaw.com%2FbusinessLaw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424601425.html">"See Jericho Congress (1948)"</a>. Encyclopedia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110402065634/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424601425.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=See+Jericho+Congress+%281948%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1G2-3424601425.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925130305/http://www.jpress.nli.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=1c79he82Drut6cJQZ%2Fe1C%2FsHGolXp5ufcbgOHnsucBO9pZ1waZlme6Qro8QHHuG9Yw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=PLS%2F1948%2F12%2F14&page=1">"Jericho Declaration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palestine Post">The Palestine Post</a>: ActivePaper Archive. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="United Press">United Press</a>. 14 December 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpress.nli.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=1c79he82Drut6cJQZ%2Fe1C%2FsHGolXp5ufcbgOHnsucBO9pZ1waZlme6Qro8QHHuG9Yw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=PLS%2F1948%2F12%2F14&page=1">the original</a> on 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Post%3A+ActivePaper+Archive&rft.atitle=Jericho+Declaration&rft.date=1948-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpress.nli.org.il%2FOlive%2FAPA%2FNLI%2FSharedView.Article.aspx%3Fparm%3D1c79he82Drut6cJQZ%252Fe1C%252FsHGolXp5ufcbgOHnsucBO9pZ1waZlme6Qro8QHHuG9Yw%253D%253D%26mode%3Dimage%26href%3DPLS%252F1948%252F12%252F14%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988">    Telegram Mr. Wells Stabler to the Acting Secretary of State, 4 December 1948, Foreign relations of the United States, 1948, The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V, Part 2, pp. 1,645–46 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2.p1137&id=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2&isize=M">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214233425/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2.p1137&id=FRUS.FRUS1948v05p2&isize=M">Archived</a> 2019-02-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>    British House of Commons, Jordan and Israel (Government Decision), HC Deb 27 April 1950 vol 474 cc1137-41 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1950/apr/27/jordan-and-israel-government-decision">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012112002/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1950/apr/27/jordan-and-israel-government-decision">Archived</a> 2017-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> See "The Palestinian Refugees In Jordan 1948–1957. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> (1981). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-3120-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-3120-5">0-7146-3120-5</a>. pp. 11–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements. Vol. 4, Edmund Jan Osmanczyk, and Anthony Mango, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 3rd edition, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93924-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93924-0">0-415-93924-0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hSxS2MmQsewC&pg=PA2354">p. 2, 354</a>, p. 2354, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Palestine and International Law, ed. Sanford R. Siverburg, McFarland, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0">0-7864-1191-0</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Gerson, Allan (1978). p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixdaywar.org/content/jordanianocuupationjerusalem.asp">"1948–1967: Jordanian Occupation of Eastern Jerusalem"</a>. Sixdaywar.org. 3 April 1949. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128045924/http://sixdaywar.org/content/jordanianocuupationjerusalem.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1948%E2%80%931967%3A+Jordanian+Occupation+of+Eastern+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Sixdaywar.org&rft.date=1949-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixdaywar.org%2Fcontent%2Fjordanianocuupationjerusalem.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> See Israel and the West Bank, By Thomas S. Kuttner, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1977, Volume 7; Volume 1977, edited by <a href="/wiki/Yoram_Dinstein" title="Yoram Dinstein">Yoram Dinstein</a>, Kluwer Law International, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-0357-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-0357-1">0-7923-0357-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-yGRfQbK92MC&pg=PA166">[3]</a>, p. 166, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> See Israel and the creation of a Palestinian state: a European perspective, by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Weiler">Joseph Weiler</a>, Croom Helm, Ltd. 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7099-3605-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7099-3605-2">0-7099-3605-2</a>, p. 48 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OKsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA47">[4]</a>, p. 47, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Massad, Joseph A. (2001). Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12323-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12323-X">0-231-12323-X</a>. p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> See Foreign relations of the United States, 1950. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V (1950), p. 1096 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1950v05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=1096">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200606/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1950v05&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=1096">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume VI, p. 713. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Volume VI. pp. 878–879. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Bunch, Clea Lutz (2006). "Balancing Acts: Jordan and the United States During the Johnson Administration". Canadian Journal of History. 41.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Foreign relations of the United States, 1948. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume V, Part 2, pp. 1,706–1,707. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> See "United States Policy Toward the West Bank in 1948". Jewish Social Studies. Vol. 46. No. 3/4 (Summer–Autumn 1984). pp. 231–252. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kassim-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_46-1">b</a> Kassim, 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> See Palestine and International Law, ed. Sanford R. Siverburg, McFarland and Company, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0">0-7864-1191-0</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-gelber177-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gelber177_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gelber177_48-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UcSUgrDsD_sC&pg=PA364">Gelber, Y. </a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UcSUgrDsD_sC&pg=PA364">Palestine, 1948. Pp. 177–78</a>, p. 364, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710043504/http://jpress.tau.ac.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TAUEn&BaseHref=PLS/1948/12/14&PageLabelPrint=1&EntityId=Ar00106&ViewMode=HTML">"See Jericho Declaration, Palestine Post, December 14, 1948, Front page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpress.tau.ac.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TAUEn&BaseHref=PLS/1948/12/14&PageLabelPrint=1&EntityId=Ar00106&ViewMode=HTML">the original</a> on 10 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+Jericho+Declaration%2C+Palestine+Post%2C+December+14%2C+1948%2C+Front+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpress.tau.ac.il%2FDefault%2FScripting%2FArticleWin.asp%3FFrom%3DArchive%26Source%3DPage%26Skin%3DTAUEn%26BaseHref%3DPLS%2F1948%2F12%2F14%26PageLabelPrint%3D1%26EntityId%3DAr00106%26ViewMode%3DHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> See for example Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume VI, p. 712. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Volume VI, p. 1,149. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111144314/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3B693EFF5F4E4D4B852577D60051EF13">First Interim Report of the United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East</a> (doc.nr.A/1106). 16 November 1949 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/pdfs/AAC256Part1.pdf">Final Report of the United Nations Economic Survey Mission for the Middle East"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614090140/http://domino.un.org/pdfs/AAC256Part1.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The United Nations. 28 December 1949. Retrieved 8 June 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> See the Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 22 Jan–Mar 1950, pp. 105–106 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/departmentofstat2250unit">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Bochenski, F. G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706164752/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1949/11/17390179/first-interim-report-u-n-economic-survey-clapp-mission-middle-east">The first interim report of the U. N. economic survey (CLAPP) mission for the Middle East (English); A Summary and Comments</a>, Economic Department, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">IBRC</a>,29 November 1949 </li> <li id="cite_note-US1950p921-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US1950p921_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-US1950p921_56-1">b</a> Foreign relations of the United States, 1950. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Volume V (1950), p. 921. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahonZeiler2012" class="citation book cs1">McMahon, Robert J.; Zeiler, Thomas W. (2012). Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy: A Diplomatic History. Sage Publications. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608719105" title="Special:BookSources/9781608719105"><bdi>9781608719105</bdi></a>. <q>UN Security Council Resolution 242, which came in the wake of the war, called for Israeli territorial withdrawals in exchange for Arab recognition of Israel's right to exist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+U.S.+Foreign+Policy%3A+A+Diplomatic+History&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781608719105&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft.au=Zeiler%2C+Thomas+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, p. 386, Document 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, pp. 765-766, Document 411. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenvenisti,_Eyal2012" class="citation book cs1">Benvenisti, Eyal (2012). The International Law of Occupation (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 206–208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191639579" title="Special:BookSources/9780191639579"><bdi>9780191639579</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Law+of+Occupation&rft.pages=206-208&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780191639579&rft.au=Benvenisti%2C+Eyal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerson,_Allan_1978,_p._82-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Gerson,_Allan_1978,_p._82_61-0">^</a> Gerson, Allan. Israel, the West Bank, and International law, Routledge, Sept 28, 1978, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-3091-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-3091-8">0-7146-3091-8</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts,_Adam_1988_pp._345-359-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts,_Adam_1988_pp._345-359_62-0">^</a> Roberts, Adam, "Decline of Illusions: The Status of the Israeli-Occupied Territories over 21 Years" in International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944–), Vol. 64, No. 3. (Summer, 1988), pp. 345–359., p. 350 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger2011" class="citation book cs1">Sanger, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429">"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla"</a>. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14">10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789067048118" title="Special:BookSources/9789067048118"><bdi>9789067048118</bdi></a>. <q>Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it 'is neither a State nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel', but rather, it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However, the Plan also provided that 'Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip', as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian/Gaza border, and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace, and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. [Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings.] Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter parts of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone, they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for, inter alia, electricity, currency, telephone networks, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry, through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000, aside from a limited number of exceptions, Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Law+of+Blockade+and+the+Gaza+Freedom+Flotilla&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+International+Humanitarian+Law+-+2010&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14&rft.isbn=9789067048118&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhYiIWVlpFzEC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobbie2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Scobbie" title="Iain Scobbie">Scobbie, Iain</a> (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295">International Law and the Classification of Conflicts</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199657759" title="Special:BookSources/9780199657759"><bdi>9780199657759</bdi></a>. <q>Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Classification+of+Conflicts&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199657759&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGM90Xp03uuEC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawerc2012" class="citation book cs1">Gawerc, Michelle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships</a>. Lexington Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739166109" title="Special:BookSources/9780739166109"><bdi>9780739166109</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174718/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-28. Retrieved 2016-11-11. <q>While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, Israel still controlled all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians - as well as many human right organizations and international bodies - argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prefiguring+Peace%3A+Israeli-Palestinian+Peacebuilding+Partnerships&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780739166109&rft.aulast=Gawerc&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHka8FZ4UdWUC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, p. 981, Document 501. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XVIII Arab-Israeli Dispute, p. 996, Document 505. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v23/d182">"Paper Prepared by the National Security Council Staff, November 13, 1970, Foreign Relations of the United States 1969-1976, vol. 23"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007092344/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v23/d182">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paper+Prepared+by+the+National+Security+Council+Staff%2C+November+13%2C+1970%2C+Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States+1969-1976%2C+vol.+23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76v23%2Fd182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/2010/10/03binationalism">"A history of conflict between opposing ideals (Le Monde Diplomatique, Oct. 2010)"</a>. October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930020806/https://mondediplo.com/2010/10/03binationalism">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-30. Retrieved 2015-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+history+of+conflict+between+opposing+ideals+%28Le+Monde+Diplomatique%2C+Oct.+2010%29&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2F2010%2F10%2F03binationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518111104/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/63D9A930E2B428DF852572C0006D06B8">"Seventh Arab League Summit Conference: Resolution on Palestine"</a>. UNISPAL.Un.org. <a href="/wiki/Rabat,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabat, Morocco">Rabat, Morocco</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNISPAL" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISPAL">UNISPAL</a>. 28 October 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/63D9A930E2B428DF852572C0006D06B8">the original</a> on 18 May 2012. <q>To affirm the right of the Palestinian people to establish an independent national authority under the command of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people in any Palestinian territory that is liberated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNISPAL.Un.org&rft.atitle=Seventh+Arab+League+Summit+Conference%3A+Resolution+on+Palestine&rft.date=1974-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F63D9A930E2B428DF852572C0006D06B8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickerton2014" class="citation web cs1">Bickerton, Ian J. (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan/23336/Renouncing-claims-to-the-West-Bank">"Jordan: Renouncing Claims to the West Bank"</a>. Britannica.com. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140616023317/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan/23336/Renouncing-claims-to-the-West-Bank">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Jordan%3A+Renouncing+Claims+to+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.aulast=Bickerton&rft.aufirst=Ian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F306128%2FJordan%2F23336%2FRenouncing-claims-to-the-West-Bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=169847&dt=2474&dl=1345">Godley (US Embassy in Beirut) to Secretary of State, 7 November 1974</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128043604/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=169847&dt=2474&dl=1345">Archived</a> 28 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_FriedlandRichard_D._Hecht1996" class="citation book cs1">Roger Friedland; Richard D. Hecht (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torulejerusalem00frie">To Rule Jerusalem</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/torulejerusalem00frie/page/260">260</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44046-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44046-7"><bdi>0-521-44046-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Rule+Jerusalem&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-44046-7&rft.au=Roger+Friedland&rft.au=Richard+D.+Hecht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftorulejerusalem00frie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald1982" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald, Reagan</a> (1 September 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140616023827/http://www.aipac.org/~/media/Publications-old/Policy%20and%20Politics/Source%20Materials/Executive%20Branch%20Initiatives/The_Reagan_Plan.pdf">"Speech of President Ronald Reagan on Middle East Peace"</a> (PDF). AIPAC.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a> (AIPAC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aipac.org/~/media/Publications-old/Policy%20and%20Politics/Source%20Materials/Executive%20Branch%20Initiatives/The_Reagan_Plan.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AIPAC.org&rft.atitle=Speech+of+President+Ronald+Reagan+on+Middle+East+Peace&rft.date=1982-09-01&rft.aulast=Ronald&rft.aufirst=Reagan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aipac.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2FPublications-old%2FPolicy%2520and%2520Politics%2FSource%2520Materials%2FExecutive%2520Branch%2520Initiatives%2FThe_Reagan_Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> See "An Interview with Yasser Arafat", NY Review of Books, Volume 34, Number 10, 11 June 1987 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4746#fn1">[7]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107185641/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4746">Archived</a> 2009-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_76-1">b</a> See Renouncing claims to the West Bank, Jordan under King Hussein <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan/">» Renouncing claims to the West Bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502182627/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306128/Jordan">Archived</a> 2015-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-GiE-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GiE_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GiE_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayigh1999" class="citation book cs1">Sayigh, Yezid (1999). Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 624. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198296430" title="Special:BookSources/9780198296430"><bdi>9780198296430</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle+and+the+Search+for+State%3A+The+Palestinian+National+Movement%2C+1949%E2%80%931993&rft.pages=624&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780198296430&rft.aulast=Sayigh&rft.aufirst=Yezid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> "The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization">executive committee</a> to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established." </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Silverburg, 2002, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnis_F._Kassim1988" class="citation book cs1">Anis F. Kassim, ed. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWhgIe3Hq98C&pg=PA247">The Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987-1988</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9041103414" title="Special:BookSources/9041103414"><bdi>9041103414</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303182150/https://books.google.com/books?id=DWhgIe3Hq98C&pg=PA247">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestine+Yearbook+of+International+Law+1987-1988&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9041103414&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWhgIe3Hq98C%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_periods9.html">Disengagement from the West Bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804070630/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_periods9.html">Archived</a> 2019-08-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. www.kinghussein.gov.jo. Retrieved December 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/01/world/hussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeopardy-internal-tensions.html">Hussein surrenders claims on West Bank to the P.L.O.; U.S. peace plan in jeopardy; Internal Tensions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206001844/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/01/world/hussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeopardy-internal-tensions.html">Archived</a> 2011-12-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. John Kifner, New York Times, 1 August 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Silverburg, 2002, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-Quigleyp212-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quigleyp212_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quigleyp212_83-1">b</a> Quigley, 2005, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPLO_Negotiations_Affairs_Department2008" class="citation web cs1">PLO Negotiations Affairs Department (13 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022554/http://www.carim.org/public/polsoctexts/PS2PAL005_EN.pdf">"The Historic Compromise: The Palestinian Declaration of Independence and the Twenty-Year Struggle for a Two-State Solution"</a> (PDF). CARIM.org. Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carim.org/public/polsoctexts/PS2PAL005_EN.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CARIM.org&rft.atitle=The+Historic+Compromise%3A+The+Palestinian+Declaration+of+Independence+and+the+Twenty-Year+Struggle+for+a+Two-State+Solution&rft.date=2008-11-13&rft.au=PLO+Negotiations+Affairs+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carim.org%2Fpublic%2Fpolsoctexts%2FPS2PAL005_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010420191313/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/pal/pal4.htm">Political communiqué</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestine_National_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine National Council">Palestine National Council</a>. Algiers, 15 November 1988. Official translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/focus/mideast/arafat88-en">"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020616135630/http://mondediplo.com/focus/mideast/arafat88-en">Archived</a> 2002-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (13 December 1988). <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_Diplomatique" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Monde Diplomatique">Le Monde Diplomatique</a>. Retrieved 28 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabie,_Mohamed1992" class="citation journal cs1">Rabie, Mohamed (Summer 1992). "The U.S.–PLO Dialogue: The Swedish Connection". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a>. 21 (4). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>: 54–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.1992.21.4.00p0140g">10.1525/jps.1992.21.4.00p0140g</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537663">2537663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+U.S.%E2%80%93PLO+Dialogue%3A+The+Swedish+Connection&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=54-66&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537663%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.1992.21.4.00p0140g&rft.au=Rabie%2C+Mohamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> Retrieved 1 July 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuandt,_William_B.1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Quandt" title="William B. Quandt">Quandt, William B.</a> (1993). Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab–Israeli Conflict Since 1967. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. pp. 367–375, 494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08388-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08388-2"><bdi>978-0-520-08388-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+Process%3A+American+Diplomacy+and+the+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+Conflict+Since+1967&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=367-375%2C+494&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08388-2&rft.au=Quandt%2C+William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GA52250-89"><a href="#cite_ref-GA52250_89-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> Session 52 Resolution 52/250. Participation of Palestine in the work of the United Nations. 13 July 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509204646/http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml">"UN Observers: Non-Member States and Entities"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-quigley2009-91"><a href="#cite_ref-quigley2009_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley,_John2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Quigley (academic)">Quigley, John</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawrecord.com/files/35_Rutgers_L_Rec_1.pdf">"The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue"</a> (PDF). Rutgers Law Record. 35. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_School_of_Law%E2%80%93Newark" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers School of Law–Newark">Rutgers School of Law</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331105052/http://lawrecord.com/files/35_Rutgers_L_Rec_1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 11 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+Law+Record&rft.atitle=The+Palestine+Declaration+to+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+The+Statehood+Issue&rft.volume=35&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Quigley%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawrecord.com%2Ffiles%2F35_Rutgers_L_Rec_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-declaration-92"><a href="#cite_ref-declaration_92-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010420191313/http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/pal/pal4.htm">Palestine National Council</a> Al-Bab </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurp905-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Eurp905_93-0">^</a> Europa World Publications, 2004, p. 905. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dajanip121-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Dajanip121_94-0">^</a> Dajani in Brownlie et al., 1999, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-Morep27-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Morep27_95-0">^</a> Le More, 2008, pp. 27–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-Forward-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Forward_96-0">^</a> Perelman, Marc (7 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/12761/">"Costa Rica Opens Official Ties With 'State of Palestine'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203113056/http://www.forward.com/articles/12761/">Archived</a> 2012-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-97"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_97-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a> Position Paper on Issues Arising from the Palestinian Authority's Submission of a Declaration to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Under Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute (14 December 2009). </li> <li id="cite_note-Ravid2012-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Ravid2012_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarak_Ravid2012" class="citation web cs1">Barak Ravid (2012-11-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-we-will-annul-oslo-accords-if-palestinians-seek-upgraded-un-status.premium-1.477520">"Israel: We Will Annul Oslo Accords if Palestinians Seek Upgraded UN Status"</a>. haaretz.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111134501/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-we-will-annul-oslo-accords-if-palestinians-seek-upgraded-un-status.premium-1.477520">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 10 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+We+Will+Annul+Oslo+Accords+if+Palestinians+Seek+Upgraded+UN+Status&rft.pub=haaretz.com&rft.date=2012-11-14&rft.au=Barak+Ravid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fisrael-we-will-annul-oslo-accords-if-palestinians-seek-upgraded-un-status.premium-1.477520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahren2012-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ahren2012_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ahren2012_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaphael_Ahren2012" class="citation web cs1">Raphael Ahren (2012-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/is-palestine-a-state-that-may-depend-on-the-palestinians/">"Is Palestine a state? That may depend on the Palestinians"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925092544/http://www.timesofisrael.com/is-palestine-a-state-that-may-depend-on-the-palestinians/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2015-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Is+Palestine+a+state%3F+That+may+depend+on+the+Palestinians&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft.au=Raphael+Ahren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fis-palestine-a-state-that-may-depend-on-the-palestinians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> see "Opinions of officials and legal scholars" </li> <li id="cite_note-BronnerNYT-101"><a href="#cite_ref-BronnerNYT_101-0">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronner,_Ethan2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Bronner" title="Ethan Bronner">Bronner, Ethan</a> (2 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/world/middleeast/03mideast.html">"In Israel, Time for Peace Offer May Run Out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110405185436/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/world/middleeast/03mideast.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Israel%2C+Time+for+Peace+Offer+May+Run+Out&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.au=Bronner%2C+Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F03mideast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine,_JonBlomfield,_Adrian2011" class="citation news cs1">Swaine, Jon; Blomfield, Adrian (24 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8597559/US-could-withdraw-funding-from-UN-if-Palestine-state-is-recognised.html">"US 'Could Withdraw Funding from UN If Palestine State Is Recognised' – The US Could Withdraw Funding from the United Nations If Its Members Decide To Recognise and Independent Palestinian State, a Close Ally of President Barack Obama Has Warned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8597559/US-could-withdraw-funding-from-UN-if-Palestine-state-is-recognised.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+%27Could+Withdraw+Funding+from+UN+If+Palestine+State+Is+Recognised%27+%E2%80%93+The+US+Could+Withdraw+Funding+from+the+United+Nations+If+Its+Members+Decide+To+Recognise+and+Independent+Palestinian+State%2C+a+Close+Ally+of+President+Barack+Obama+Has+Warned&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft.au=Swaine%2C+Jon&rft.au=Blomfield%2C+Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinianauthority%2F8597559%2FUS-could-withdraw-funding-from-UN-if-Palestine-state-is-recognised.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozgovaya,_Natasha2011" class="citation news cs1">Mozgovaya, Natasha (29 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/u-s-senate-passes-resolution-threatening-to-suspend-aid-to-palestinians-1.370341">"U.S. Senate Passes Resolution Threatening To Suspend Aid to Palestinians – Resolution 185 Calls on Palestinians To Halt Bid for Unilateral Recognition at UN, Calls on Obama To Veto September Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929034352/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/u-s-senate-passes-resolution-threatening-to-suspend-aid-to-palestinians-1.370341">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate+Passes+Resolution+Threatening+To+Suspend+Aid+to+Palestinians+%E2%80%93+Resolution+185+Calls+on+Palestinians+To+Halt+Bid+for+Unilateral+Recognition+at+UN%2C+Calls+on+Obama+To+Veto+September+Vote&rft.date=2011-06-29&rft.au=Mozgovaya%2C+Natasha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fu-s-senate-passes-resolution-threatening-to-suspend-aid-to-palestinians-1.370341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alplan-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alplan_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alplan_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-alplan_104-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawafta,_Ali2011" class="citation news cs1">Sawafta, Ali (14 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-statehood-arabs-idUSTRE76D21020110714">"Arabs To Seek Full Palestinian Upgrade at UN"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110915023559/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/14/us-palestinians-israel-statehood-arabs-idUSTRE76D21020110714">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Arabs+To+Seek+Full+Palestinian+Upgrade+at+UN&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft.au=Sawafta%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-israel-statehood-arabs-idUSTRE76D21020110714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-erekatquote-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-erekatquote_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-erekatquote_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90854/7390926.html">"Palestinians Seek UN Membership, Not Recognition of Statehood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> (via <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a>). 25 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104012020/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90854/7390926.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinians+Seek+UN+Membership%2C+Not+Recognition+of+Statehood&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F90001%2F90777%2F90854%2F7390926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10400&Itemid=29">"Arab League Requests Palestinian Statehood from U.N."</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_News_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestine News Network (page does not exist)">Palestine News Network</a>. 6 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814224420/http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arab+League+Requests+Palestinian+Statehood+from+U.N.&rft.date=2011-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pnn.ps%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D10400%26Itemid%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavid,_Barak2011" class="citation news cs1">Ravid, Barak (13 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/palestinian-envoy-to-un-european-states-will-recognize-palestine-before-september-1.372971">"Palestinian Envoy to UN: European States Will Recognize Palestine Before September – Riyad Mansour Tells Haaretz That the Palestinian Authority's UN Bid Is Last Chance for a Two-State Solution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110913052911/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/palestinian-envoy-to-un-european-states-will-recognize-palestine-before-september-1.372971">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Envoy+to+UN%3A+European+States+Will+Recognize+Palestine+Before+September+%E2%80%93+Riyad+Mansour+Tells+Haaretz+That+the+Palestinian+Authority%27s+UN+Bid+Is+Last+Chance+for+a+Two-State+Solution&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.au=Ravid%2C+Barak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fpalestinian-envoy-to-un-european-states-will-recognize-palestine-before-september-1.372971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001184623/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fmiddleeast%2F2011%2FJuly%2Fmiddleeast_July414.xml&section=middleeast">"Syria Recognises Palestinian State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Khaleej_Times" title="Khaleej Times">Khaleej Times</a>). 18 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=/data/middleeast/2011/July/middleeast_July414.xml&section=middleeast">the original</a> on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syria+Recognises+Palestinian+State&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2FDisplayArticleNew.asp%3Fxfile%3D%2Fdata%2Fmiddleeast%2F2011%2FJuly%2Fmiddleeast_July414.xml%26section%3Dmiddleeast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-syriarecog-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-syriarecog_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-syriarecog_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-recognizes-palestinian-state-with-east-jerusalem-as-its-capital-1.373926">"Syria Recognizes Palestinian State with East Jerusalem as Its Capital – Palestinian President Welcomes Syria's Recognition, Saying It Is a 'Major Step' on Way to UN Recognition in September"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agentur" title="Deutsche Presse-Agentur">Deutsche Presse-Agentur</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>). 18 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927200458/http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/syria-recognizes-palestinian-state-with-east-jerusalem-as-its-capital-1.373926">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syria+Recognizes+Palestinian+State+with+East+Jerusalem+as+Its+Capital+%E2%80%93+Palestinian+President+Welcomes+Syria%27s+Recognition%2C+Saying+It+Is+a+%27Major+Step%27+on+Way+to+UN+Recognition+in+September&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyria-recognizes-palestinian-state-with-east-jerusalem-as-its-capital-1.373926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2011/Jul-19/Hoss-slams-Syria-recognition-of-Palestine-based-on-67-borders.ashx#axzz1SY2YqR1N">"Hoss Slams Syria Recognition of Palestine Based on '67 Borders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a>. 19 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901214932/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2011/Jul-19/Hoss-slams-Syria-recognition-of-Palestine-based-on-67-borders.ashx#axzz1SY2YqR1N">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Hoss+Slams+Syria+Recognition+of+Palestine+Based+on+%2767+Borders&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FPolitics%2F2011%2FJul-19%2FHoss-slams-Syria-recognition-of-Palestine-based-on-67-borders.ashx%23axzz1SY2YqR1N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011-111"><a href="#cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15033357">"Palestinian Leader Mahmoud Abbas Makes UN Statehood Bid"</a>. BBC News. 23 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925204237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15033357">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Leader+Mahmoud+Abbas+Makes+UN+Statehood+Bid&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-15033357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-only1967-112"><a href="#cite_ref-only1967_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39722#.VfMZaZeM-ao">"Ban sends Palestinian application for UN membership to Security Council"</a>. United Nations News Centre. 23 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010151934/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39722#.VfMZaZeM-ao">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+News+Centre&rft.atitle=Ban+sends+Palestinian+application+for+UN+membership+to+Security+Council&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D39722%23.VfMZaZeM-ao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected-113"><a href="#cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreverVaccarello2011" class="citation web cs1">Krever, Mick; Vaccarello, Joe (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2011/11/11/world/meast/un-palestinians/index.html">"With Security Council report, Palestinian statehood bid stalled at U.N."</a> CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306170733/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-11/middleeast/world_meast_un-palestinians_1_palestinian-statehood-bid-riyad-mansour-security-council?_s=PM%3AMIDDLEEAST">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=With+Security+Council+report%2C+Palestinian+statehood+bid+stalled+at+U.N.&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Krever&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft.au=Vaccarello%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fun-palestinians%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Educational,_ScientificCultural_Organization1989" class="citation web cs1">United Nations Educational, Scientific; Cultural Organization (26 May 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000827/082713EO.pdf">"Application for the admission of Palestine as a member state proposed by Algeria, Egypt, Indonesia, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal and Yemen"</a> (PDF). 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Arabs Today. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arabs+Today&rft.atitle=Kuwait+supports+Palestine%27s+UNESCO+membership&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabstoday.net%2Fen%2Fkuwait-supports-palestines-unesco-membership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAJC_Houston2011" class="citation web cs1">AJC Houston (7 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajchouston.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=kiKWLaPKLpF&b=3414735&ct=11288273">"AJC expresses its disappointment with UNESCO"</a>. American Jewish Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425125851/http://www.ajchouston.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=kiKWLaPKLpF&b=3414735&ct=11288273">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. 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Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78661-204-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78661-204-5"><bdi>978-1-78661-204-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emplaced+resistances+in+occupied+Palestine%3A+stories+of+a+village%2C+its+people%2C+and+their+land&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-78661-204-5&rft.aulast=Hammad&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+H.&rft.au=Falk%2C+Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(AFP)_–_Feb_13,_20092009" class="citation web cs1">(AFP) – Feb 13, 2009 (2009-02-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103131428/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8_mQhPKa5f5urfm_o3_nYf_Y_Wg">"AFP: Palestinian ministers press for Israel 'war crimes' probe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g8_mQhPKa5f5urfm_o3_nYf_Y_Wg">the original</a> on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2010-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFP%3A+Palestinian+ministers+press+for+Israel+%27war+crimes%27+probe&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.au=%28AFP%29+%E2%80%93+Feb+13%2C+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5g8_mQhPKa5f5urfm_o3_nYf_Y_Wg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(AFP)_–_Dec_6,_20102010" class="citation web cs1">(AFP) – Dec 6, 2010 (2010-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210220343/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j6LW4hivgKRMW-N8S1xV6P9AwVew?docId=CNG.8ee75df3b4b509a2fd62344f967f6bd0.21">"Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay recognize Palestinian state"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j6LW4hivgKRMW-N8S1xV6P9AwVew?do">the original</a> on 2010-12-10. Retrieved 2010-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil%2C+Argentina%2C+Uruguay+recognize+Palestinian+state&rft.date=2010-12-06&rft.au=%28AFP%29+%E2%80%93+Dec+6%2C+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5j6LW4hivgKRMW-N8S1xV6P9AwVew%3Fdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225095132/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20101222/evo-oficializa-reconocimiento-de-palestina-como-estado_105179_205314.html">"Evo oficializa reconocimiento de Palestina como estado soberano"</a>. Lostiempos.com. 2010-11-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20101222/evo-oficializa-reconocimiento-de-palestina-como-estado_105179_205314.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-25. Retrieved 2010-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evo+oficializa+reconocimiento+de+Palestina+como+estado+soberano&rft.pub=Lostiempos.com&rft.date=2010-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lostiempos.com%2Fdiario%2Factualidad%2Fnacional%2F20101222%2Fevo-oficializa-reconocimiento-de-palestina-como-estado_105179_205314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/medvedev-as-we-did-in-1988-russia-still-recognizes-an-independent-palestine-1.337774">"Medvedev: As we did in 1988, Russia still recognizes an independent Palestine"</a>. Haaretz.com. 18 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513002601/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/medvedev-as-we-did-in-1988-russia-still-recognizes-an-independent-palestine-1.337774">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=Medvedev%3A+As+we+did+in+1988%2C+Russia+still+recognizes+an+independent+Palestine&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fmedvedev-as-we-did-in-1988-russia-still-recognizes-an-independent-palestine-1.337774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/republic-of-ireland/republic-of-irelands-palestine-upgrade-strains-israeli-relations-15064227.html">"Republic of Ireland's Palestine upgrade strains Israeli relations"</a>. BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019114237/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/republic-of-ireland/republic-of-irelands-palestine-upgrade-strains-israeli-relations-15064227.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Republic+of+Ireland%27s+Palestine+upgrade+strains+Israeli+relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-national%2Frepublic-of-ireland%2Frepublic-of-irelands-palestine-upgrade-strains-israeli-relations-15064227.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10454&Itemid=56">"3000 March Through Jerusalem for Palestine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207010444/https://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10454&Itemid=56">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2011-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3000+March+Through+Jerusalem+for+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pnn.ps%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D10454%26Itemid%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Committee_on_Palestine_Federal_State_Plan" class="extiw" title="wikisource:United Nations Special Committee on Palestine Federal State Plan">United Nations Special Committee on Palestine Federal State Plan</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031208172437/http://www.gush-shalom.org/archives/compare_eng.html">A Comparison Of Three Drafts For An Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,743503,00.html">Full text of George Bush's speech on Israel and a Palestinian state</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1038488927273">British Foreign & Commonwealth office on Palestine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelipalestinianprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5%2dC%2dSubs%2edb&command=viewone&id=4&op=t">Examination of Palestinian Statehood</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030723022550/http://www.palestine-studies.org/final/en/index.html">Institute for Palestine Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031203013735/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/16671">Israel: The Alternative</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a>, NY Review of Books)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031228113905/http://travelbrochuregraphics.com/extra/what_is_not_to_be_done.htm">Israel, Palestine, and the Bi-National Fantasy</a> (response to Judt by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Wieseltier" title="Leon Wieseltier">Leon Wieseltier</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reut-institute.org/Default.aspx?SubjectId=68/">Reut Institute Analysis on Israeli - Palestinian Negotiations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704062721/http://www.reut-institute.org/Default.aspx?SubjectId=68%2F">Archived</a> 2022-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Joel Kovel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071021061708/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=290383">Overcoming Zionism: Creating a Single Democratic State in Israel/Palestine</a>, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/">The Palestinian Basic Law - A collection of various proposals and amendments to the Basic Law of Palestine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439645/Palestine">Palestine, Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/text/TheSafePassage.pdf">Linking the Gaza Strip with the West Bank: Implications of a Palestinian Corridor Across Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008130301/http://jcpa.org/text/TheSafePassage.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-10-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.rfi.fr/americas/20110921-thousands-palestinians-back-un-recognition-call-us-presses-abbas-back-down">Thousands of Palestinians back UN recognition call as US presses Abbas to back down</a> RFI English</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit 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Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="List of years in the Palestinian territories">Years in the Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of the State of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of the State of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of the State of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of the State of Palestine">Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">culture</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in the State of Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_State_of_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in the State of Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in the State of Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in the State of Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in the State of Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Palestine" title="Category:State of Palestine">Category</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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