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Waduk - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Waduk" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Waduk" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Waduk" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Waduk" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waduk_lembah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waduk_lembah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Waduk lembah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waduk_lembah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waduk_sisi_sungai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waduk_sisi_sungai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Waduk sisi sungai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waduk_sisi_sungai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waduk_pelayanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waduk_pelayanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Waduk pelayanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waduk_pelayanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembangunan_waduk_buatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembangunan_waduk_buatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pembangunan waduk buatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembangunan_waduk_buatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kegunaan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kegunaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penyedia_air_langsung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyedia_air_langsung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Penyedia air langsung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyedia_air_langsung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PLTA_(Hidroelektrisitas)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PLTA_(Hidroelektrisitas)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>PLTA (Hidroelektrisitas)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PLTA_(Hidroelektrisitas)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontrol_sumber_daya_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontrol_sumber_daya_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kontrol sumber daya air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontrol_sumber_daya_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyeimbang_aliran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyeimbang_aliran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Penyeimbang aliran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyeimbang_aliran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rekreasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rekreasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Rekreasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rekreasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keamanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keamanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Keamanan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Keamanan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Keamanan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Keamanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perubahan_lingkungan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perubahan_lingkungan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Perubahan lingkungan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perubahan_lingkungan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limnologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limnologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Limnologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limnologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seismisitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seismisitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Seismisitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seismisitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iklim_mikro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim_mikro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Iklim mikro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim_mikro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_waduk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_waduk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Daftar waduk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_waduk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Waduk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 79 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stausee" title="Stausee – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stausee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entibo" title="Entibo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Entibo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="خزان مائي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خزان مائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بحيرة تخزين – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحيرة تخزين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_anbar%C4%B1" title="Su anbarı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su anbarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvenk%C4%97nis" title="Tvenkėnis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tvenkėnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Вадасховішча – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадасховішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Вадасховішча – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вадасховішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Язовир – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Язовир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জলাধার – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলাধার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ་མཛོད། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ་མཛོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassament" title="Embassament – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Embassament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99ehradn%C3%AD_n%C3%A1dr%C5%BE" title="Přehradní nádrž – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přehradní nádrž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Шыв усравĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шыв усравĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronfa_dd%C5%B5r" title="Cronfa ddŵr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cronfa ddŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stausee" title="Stausee – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stausee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τεχνητή λίμνη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνητή λίμνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara%C4%B5lago" title="Baraĵlago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baraĵlago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalse" title="Embalse – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Embalse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisj%C3%A4rv" title="Paisjärv – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paisjärv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtegi" title="Urtegi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urtegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="مخزن سد – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مخزن سد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varastoallas" title="Varastoallas – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varastoallas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_barrage" title="Lac de barrage – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac de barrage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opslachmar" title="Opslachmar – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Opslachmar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiscumar" title="Taiscumar – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taiscumar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מאגר מים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאגר מים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="जलाशय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलाशय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetno_jezero" title="Umjetno jezero – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetno jezero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ջրամբար – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրամբար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacino_(idraulica)" title="Bacino (idraulica) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bacino (idraulica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%AF%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A0" title="貯水池 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貯水池" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadhuk" title="Wadhuk – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wadhuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="წყალსაცავი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალსაცავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Су қоймасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Су қоймасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜಲಾಶಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಾಶಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80" title="저수지 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저수지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gola_bend%C3%AE" title="Gola bendî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gola bendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Суу сактагыч – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суу сактагыч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptaculum_aquae" title="Receptaculum aquae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Receptaculum aquae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvenkinys" title="Tvenkinys – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tvenkinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudi%C5%86ture" title="Iudiņture – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iudiņture" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAdenskr%C4%81tuve" title="Ūdenskrātuve – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdenskrātuve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ведень ванфтома вастсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведень ванфтома вастсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Вештачко езеро – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вештачко езеро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takungan" title="Takungan – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%B6" title="ရေလှောင်တမံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေလှောင်တမံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="जलाशय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जलाशय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuwmeer" title="Stuwmeer – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stuwmeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassreservoar" title="Vassreservoar – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vassreservoar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoar_(hydrologi)" title="Reservoar (hydrologi) – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reservoar (hydrologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotinvezist%C3%B6" title="Plotinvezistö – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Plotinvezistö" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbiornik_zaporowy" title="Zbiornik zaporowy – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zbiornik zaporowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hark%27a_qucha" title="Hark&#039;a qucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hark&#039;a qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_acumulare" title="Lac de acumulare – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lac de acumulare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Водохранилище – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водохранилище" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81" title="ජලාශ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලාශ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reservoir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priehradn%C3%A1_n%C3%A1dr%C5%BE" title="Priehradná nádrž – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priehradná nádrž" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akumulacijsko_jezero" title="Akumulacijsko jezero – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Akumulacijsko jezero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezervuari" title="Rezervuari – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rezervuari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Вештачко језеро – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вештачко језеро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattenmagasin" title="Vattenmagasin – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vattenmagasin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பல்நோக்கு நீர்த்தேக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்நோக்கு நீர்த்தேக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="జలాశయము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జలాశయము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="อ่างเก็บน้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อ่างเก็บน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraj_g%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Baraj gölü – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baraj gölü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Сусаклагыч – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сусаклагыч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Водосховище – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водосховище" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv_ombori" title="Suv ombori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suv ombori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_ch%E1%BB%A9a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Hồ chứa nước – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồ chứa nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="水库 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水库" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8" title="רעזערוואואר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעזערוואואר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="水庫 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水庫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-kh%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chúi-khò͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-khò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A1%98" title="水塘 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水塘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala 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href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reservoirs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131681" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">artikel ini <b>perlu <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merapikan_artikel" title="Wikipedia:Merapikan artikel">dirapikan</a></b> agar memenuhi <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_gaya" title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya">standar Wikipedia</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit">kembangkan artikel</a> ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Wikifikasi" title="Bantuan:Wikifikasi">wikifikasi</a> atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Penghapusan_templat_pemeliharaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:Penghapusan templat pemeliharaan">Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Waduk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>reservoir</i></span>, dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a>&#58; <span lang="fr"><i>réservoir</i></span>, yang berarti "wadah", "tempat penyimpanan") adalah <a href="/wiki/Danau" title="Danau">danau</a> buatan atau danau alam yang diperbesar yang terbentuk dari pembendungan <a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">sungai</a> yang bertujuan untuk menyimpan <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a>. Waduk biasanya dibangun di lembah sungai.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Waduk dibangun dengan cara seperti membangun sebuah <a href="/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan">bendungan</a>, yaitu dengan menggali tanah atau menerapkan teknik konstruksi konvensional seperti pembuatan tembok atau menuang <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a>. Istilah "reservoir" dapat juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan penyimpanan bawah tanah seperti sumber air bawah tanah, <a href="/wiki/Sumur_minyak" title="Sumur minyak">sumur minyak</a> atau sumur air. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waduk_lembah">Waduk lembah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Waduk lembah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Waduk lembah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jatiluhur_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jatiluhur_lake.jpg/431px-Jatiluhur_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="431" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jatiluhur_lake.jpg/647px-Jatiluhur_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jatiluhur_lake.jpg/862px-Jatiluhur_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5313" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Jatiluhur" title="Waduk Jatiluhur">Waduk Jatiluhur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Stocks_Reservoir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Stocks_Reservoir.jpg/250px-Stocks_Reservoir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Stocks_Reservoir.jpg/330px-Stocks_Reservoir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Stocks_Reservoir.jpg/500px-Stocks_Reservoir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_Stocks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau Stocks (halaman belum tersedia)">Danau Stocks</a> di <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/220px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/330px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/440px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>Haweswater di <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a>, Inggris sebagai sumber air untuk <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Waduk lembah adalah waduk yang dibentuk dari aliran air di lembah yang dibendung. <a href="/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan">Bendungan</a> dapat dibangun di lembah dengan memanfaatkan <a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografinya</a> dan mendapatkan air untuk waduk. Bagian pinggir lembah dimanfaatkan sebagai tembok, sedangkan letak bendungan dibangun pada bagian yang paling sempit, yang akan memberikan kekuatan <a href="/wiki/Tekanan" title="Tekanan">tekanan</a> lebih besar dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Di banyak tempat, pembangunan waduk lembah melibatkan pemindahan penduduk dan <a href="/wiki/Artefak" title="Artefak">artefak</a> bersejarah dari area lembah, seperti misalnya pemindahan kuil <a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> saat pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Bendungan_Aswan" title="Bendungan Aswan">Bendungan Aswan</a>. </p><p>Pembangunan waduk lembah juga melibatkan pemecahan sungai saat prosesnya, biasanya dengan membangun terowongan atau saluran khusus.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di wilayah berbukit, bendungan umumnya dibangun dengan memperluas danau yang sudah ada. Bila topografi lokasinya kurang cocok untuk waduk besar, beberapa waduk kecil biasanya dibangun menyerupai rantai seperti waduk lembah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Taff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Taff (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Taff</a> yang terdiri atas tiga waduk: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk_Llwyn-on&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waduk Llwyn-on (halaman belum tersedia)">Waduk Llwyn-on</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk_Cantref&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waduk Cantref (halaman belum tersedia)">Waduk Cantref</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk_Beacons&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waduk Beacons (halaman belum tersedia)">Waduk Beacons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waduk_sisi_sungai">Waduk sisi sungai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Waduk sisi sungai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Waduk sisi sungai"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waduk sisi sungai dibangun dengan memompa air dari sungai. Waduk seperti ini dibangun melalui ekskavasi dan konstruksi pada bagian <a href="/wiki/Tanggul" title="Tanggul">tanggul</a> yang biasanya mencakup lebih dari 6 km.<sup id="cite_ref-ICEQueenMary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICEQueenMary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Air yang disimpan di waduk seperti ini akan diendapkan selama beberapa bulan agar kontaminasi dan tingkat kekeruhanannya berkurang secara alami.<sup id="cite_ref-ICEQueenMary_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICEQueenMary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waduk_pelayanan">Waduk pelayanan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Waduk pelayanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Waduk pelayanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waduk pelayanan adalah waduk yang dibangun dekat titik distribusi, dengan air yang sudah dibersihkan. Waduk pelayanan dibangun berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Menara_air" title="Menara air">menara air</a> yang dibangun di atas pilar beton di wilayah datar. Beberapa lainnya dibangun di bawah tanah, terutama untuk waduk pelayanan di negara-negara yang dipenuhi bukit atau pegunungan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sekitar lima ribu tahun yang lalu, kawah gunung berapi yang sudah tidak aktif di semenanjung <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Arab</a>, digunakan sebagai waduk oleh petani untuk penampungan air irigasi mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Iklim kering dan <a href="/wiki/Kelangkaan_air" title="Kelangkaan air">kelangkaan air</a> di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> memunculkan inovasi <a href="/wiki/Manajemen_sumber_daya_air" title="Manajemen sumber daya air">pengelolaan sumber daya air</a> seperti pembangunan waduk di Girnar pada 3000 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembangunan_waduk_buatan">Pembangunan waduk buatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pembangunan waduk buatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembangunan waduk buatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pembangunan waduk buatan umumnya dilakukan di lahan yang bebas dari jangkauan warga atau jauh dari kawasan keramaian. Namun, setelah selesai pembangunan, waduk dapat digunakan untuk menarik wisatawan dan menjadi objek wisata. Waduk ini biasanya dibangun menggunakan bahan timbunan di bagian sisi waduk. Iklim kering dan kelangkaan air di India menyebabkan perkembangan awal teknik pengelolaan air, termasuk pembangunan waduk di Girnar pada 3000 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodda_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodda-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Danau buatan yang dibuat pada abad ke-5 SM telah ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani kuno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan">Kegunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kegunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kegunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyedia_air_langsung">Penyedia air langsung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Penyedia air langsung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyedia air langsung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banyak dari bagian sisi waduk digunakan untuk menyediakan bahan baku bagi instalasi pengolahan air yang mengirim air minum melalui pipa-pipa air. Waduk tidak hanya menahan air sampai tingkat yang dibutuhkan, tetapi dapat menjadi tempat utama dalam proses pengolahan air. Sebutan proses air ditahan sebelum dikeluarkan dikenal sebagai waktu retensi, merupakan salah satu fitur desain yang memudahkan partikel dan endapan lumpur untuk mengendap seperti ketika melakukan perawatan biologi alami menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> yang hidup secara alami dengan air. </p><p>Namun, proses alami <a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">limnologi</a> dalam danau beriklim sedang, menghasilkan stratifikasi suhu di dalam badan air yang cenderung membagi ke dalam beberapa elemen seperti <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> ke dalam air <i>anoxic</i> dingin selama bulan musim panas. Dalam musim gugur dan musim dingin danau menjadi bercampur lagi secara penuh. Selama kondisi kekeringan, danau kadang perlu menarik ke bawah air dingin dan terutama meningkatkan kadar <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> yang menyebabkan masalah dalam pengolahan air.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PLTA_(Hidroelektrisitas)"><span id="PLTA_.28Hidroelektrisitas.29"></span>PLTA (Hidroelektrisitas)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: PLTA (Hidroelektrisitas)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: PLTA (Hidroelektrisitas)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hydroelectric_dam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/330px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/500px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg/548px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Bendungan Hidroelektrisitas dalam bagian silang.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebuah waduk membangkitkan <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_air" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga air">hidroelektrisitas</a> termasuk <a href="/wiki/Turbin" title="Turbin">turbin air</a> yang terhubung dengan penahan badan air dengan pipa berdiameter besar. Turbin ini membangkitkan perangkat yang mungkin berada pada dasar bendungan atau lainnya yang jauh jaraknya. Beberapa waduk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_air" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga air">hidroelektrisitas</a> menggunakan pompa yang diisi ulang seperti waduk tingkat tinggi yang diisi dengan air menggunakan pompa elektrik berkinerja tinggi pada waktu ketika permintaan listrik rendah dan kemudian menggunakan air yang tersimpan untuk membangkitkan elektrisitas dengan melepas air yang tersimpan ke dalam waduk tingkat rendah ketika permintaan listrik tinggi. Sistem seperti ini disebut skema <i>pump-storage</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontrol_sumber_daya_air">Kontrol sumber daya air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Kontrol sumber daya air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kontrol sumber daya air"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waduk bisa digunakan dengan berbagai cara untuk mengontrol aliran air melalui saluran ke hilir. </p> <ul><li><b>Suplai air ke hilir</b> - Air bisa dilepaskan dari waduk yang lebih tinggi sehingga bisa disaring menjadi air minum di daerah yang lebih rendah, kadang bahkan ratusan mil lebih rendah dari waduk tersebut.</li> <li><b>Irigasi</b> - Air di waduk untuk irigasi bisa dialirkan ke jaringan sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Kanal" title="Kanal">kanal</a> untuk fungsi pertanian atau sistem pengairan sekunder. Irigasi juga bisa didukung oleh waduk yang mempertahankan aliran air yang memungkinkan air diambil untuk irigasi di bagian yang lebih rendah dari sungai.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Kontrol banjir</b> - juga dikenal sebagai atenuasi atau penyeimbangan waduk, waduk sebagai pengendali banjir mengumpulkan air saat terjadi curah hujan tinggi, dan perlahan melepaskannya selama beberapa minggu atau bulan. Beberapa dari waduk seperti ini dibangun melintang tehadap aliran sungai dengan aliran air dikontrol melalui <i>orrifice plate</i>. Saat aliran sungai melewati kapasitas <i>orrific plate</i> di belakang waduk, air akan berkumpul di dalam waduk. Namun saat aliran air berkurang, air di dalam waduk akan dilepaskan secara perlahan sampai waduk tersebut kembali kosong. Dalam beberapa kasus waduk hanya berfungsi beberapa kali dalam satu dekade dan lahan di dalam waduk akan difungsikan sebagai tempat rekreasi dan berkumpulnya komunitas. Generasi baru dari bendungan penyeimbang dikembangkan untuk mengatasi konsekuensi perubahan iklim, yang disebut <i>Flood Detention Reservoir</i> (waduk penahan banjir). Oleh karena waduk seperti ini bisa menjadi kering dalam waktu yang sangat lama, maka bagian intinya yang terbuat dari tanah liat terpengaruh dan mengurangi kekuatan strukturnya. Karena itu kini mulai dikembangkan penggunaan material daur ulang untuk menggantikan tanah liat.</li> <li><b>Kanal-kanal</b> - Di tempat-tempat yang tidak memungkinkan aliran air alami dialirkan ke kanal, waduk dibangun untuk menjamin ketersediaan air ke sungai. Contohnya saat kanal dibangun memanjat melintasi barisan perbukitan untuk sarana transportasi <i><a href="/wiki/Lock" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lock">lock</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Rekreasi</b> - Air bisa dilepaskan dari waduk untuk menciptakan atau memperkuat air bersih untuk olahraga kayak atau pun olahraga air lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di sungai yang dipenuhi ikan <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> seperti di Inggris, air secara khusus dilepaskan untuk mendorong aktivitas migrasi ikan dan menghasilkan variasi ikan bagi para pemancing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyeimbang_aliran">Penyeimbang aliran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Penyeimbang aliran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyeimbang aliran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waduk bisa digunakan untuk menyeimbangkan aliran air di tempat yang manajemennya sangat maju, dengan menampung air saat aliran air deras dan melepaskannya kembali saat aliran melambat. Untuk bisa menjalankan fungsi ini tanpa campur tangan pompa, waduk membutuhkan pengendalian secara hati-hati melalui pintu air di bendungan. </p><p>Saat badai besar datang, petugas waduk akan menghitung volume air yang akan bertambah selama badai ke waduk. Jika badai diramalkan akan melewati kapasitas waduk, air akan segera dilepaskan perlahan sebelum dan selama badai. Jika pengaturan dilakukan dengan akurat, maka badai besar tidak akan membuat waduk meluap dan daerah hilir tidak akan mengalami kerusakan besar akibat banjir. Perkiraan cuaca yang akurat sangat dibutuhkan agar petugas waduk bisa membuat perencanaan yang tepat untuk mengosongkan waduk saat hujan lebat terjadi. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Banjir_Queensland_2010-2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjir Queensland 2010-2011">Banjir Queensland 2010-2011</a>, petugas waduk menyalahkan perkiraan cuaca. </p><p>Contoh waduk yang manajemennya cukup maju adalah Burrendong Dam di Australia dan Llyn Tegid di North Wales. Llyn Tegid adalah danau alami yang ketinggian permukaan airnya ditingkatkan dengan dinding rendah dan diisi dengan aliran <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dee" title="Sungai Dee">Sungai Dee</a> atau dilepaskan tergantung kondisi sebagai bagian dari pengaturan Sungai Dee. Mode operasi seperti ini adalah bentuk dari sistem kapasitansi hidraulis dari sungai tersebut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekreasi">Rekreasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Rekreasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rekreasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waduk Ria Rio sebagai salah satu waduk taman, tempat rekreasi di Jakarta"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg/600px-Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg/900px-Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg/1200px-Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4848" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Waduk_Ria_Rio_Panorama_Hariadhi.jpg" title="Berkas:Waduk Ria Rio Panorama Hariadhi.jpg"> </a></div><center>Waduk Ria Rio sebagai salah satu waduk taman, tempat rekreasi di Jakarta</center></div></div></div> <p>Badan air yang tercipta karena waduk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai area rekreasi seperti pemancingan, kapal bebek, dan aktivitas lainnya. Aturan khusus dapat diterapkan untuk alasan keamanan serta melindungi kualitas air dan ekologi di daerah sekitarnya. Banyak waduk kini mendukung dan mendorong rekreasi lain seperti sejarah alam, pengamatan burung, lukisan lanskap, jalan kaki dan <a href="/wiki/Hiking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiking">hiking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keamanan">Keamanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Keamanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keamanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di beberapa negara besar, konstruksi waduk diatur dalam perundang-undangan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak usaha yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki titik terlemah dari suatu bendungan, namun tujuan ini hanya meminimalisasi air yang tidak terkendali. Waduk yang tidak kuat konstruksinya akan menyebabkan air membanjiri seluruh wilayah di sekitar bendungan dengan arus yang kuat dan menimbulkan korban jiwa, seperti yang terjadi di Llyn Eigiau yang menewaskan 17 orang<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau jebolnya bendungan Waduk <a href="/wiki/Situ_Gintung" title="Situ Gintung">Situ Gintung</a> yang menewaskan 100 orang sementara 902 orang harus mengungsi<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan 100 orang hilang.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perubahan_lingkungan">Perubahan lingkungan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Perubahan lingkungan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perubahan lingkungan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berdasarkan keadaan, waduk dibuat untuk <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_air" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga air">pembangkit listrik tenaga air</a> yang memiliki efek mengurangi atau pun menambah produksi dari <a href="/wiki/Gas_rumah_kaca" title="Gas rumah kaca">gas rumah kaca</a>. Tergantung dari perawatan, jika terdapat pembusukan material tumbuhan di daerah banjir, maka bakteri <a href="/wiki/Anaerobik" class="mw-disambig" title="Anaerobik">anaerobik</a> akan melepaskan gas <a href="/wiki/Metana" title="Metana">metana</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> akibat pembusukan tanaman-tanaman yang telah tumbang atau mati di waduk, khususnya selama dekade pertama setelah penutupan.<sup id="cite_ref-envcon_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envcon-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hal ini akan membuat dampak pemanasan global dari bendungan meningkat jauh lebih tinggi daripada pembangkit listrik yang menghasilkan kekuatan yang sama dari bahan bakar fosil.<sup id="cite_ref-envcon_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envcon-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut laporan World Commission on Dams, ketika bendungan relatif besar, emisi gas rumah kaca dari reservoir bisa lebih tinggi daripada pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar minyak konvensional.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 1990, dampak <i>impoundment</i> di balik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk_Balbina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waduk Balbina (halaman belum tersedia)">Waduk Balbina</a> di <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> (diresmikan pada 1987) pada pemanasan global 20 kali lebih besar dari pembangkit listrik yang menghasilkan kekuatan yang sama dari bahan bakar <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-envcon_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-envcon-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limnologi">Limnologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Limnologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Limnologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebenarnya banyak kemiripan dari sudut pandang <a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">limnologi</a> antara waduk dengan danau untuk ukuran yang sebanding. Hanya saja tetap ada perbedaan signifikan di antara keduanya.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak waduk memiliki perbedaan akibat variasi ketinggian air sehingga membuat beberapa daerah tidak digenangi air atau sama sekali kekeringan dalam rentang waktu yang signifikan. Hal ini sangat membatasi produktivitas atau margin air sehingga akhirnya membatasi pula jenis spesies yang mampu bertahan di kondisi tersebut. </p><p>Waduk di dataran tinggi cenderung memiliki umur residensi lebih singkat dibanding danau alami, sehingga mengalami siklus nutrisi yang lebih cepat melalui badan airnya sehingga lebih mudah lenyap dari sistem. Hal ini sering dianggap sebagai sumber selisih perhitungan antara kandungan kimiawi air dengan kandungan biologisnya, dengan kecenderungan komponen biologisnya lebih mampu bergantung kepada kondisi kandungan rendah nutrisi (<i>oligotroph</i>) dibanding yang seharusnya terjadi dalam perhitungan kimiawi. Sementara sebaliknya, waduk di dataran rendah mengumpulkan air dari sungai-sungai yang telah kaya dengan nutrisi yang memperlihatkan karakteristik <i>eutrofis</i> yang tinggi dan sistem biologisnya memiliki kesempatan yang besar untuk memanfaatkan kekayaan nutrisi yang ada. </p><p>Waduk yang dalam dengan menara penyedot memiliki ketinggian berbeda bisa melepaskan air dingin dari kedalaman ke arah hilir sehingga secara signifikan mengurangi bagian <i>hypolimnion</i> dari air. Hal ini akan mengurangi konsentrasi <i>fosforus</i> yang dilepaskan saat pencampuran yang terjadi setiap tahun, dan akhirnya mengurangi produktivitas. Dinding bendungan di bagian depan waduk berlaku sebagai sudut tajam (<i>knickpoint</i>) dari jatuhnya air sehingga pengikisan dan pengendapan adalah dampak yang terjadi di bagian bawah dinding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seismisitas"><a href="/wiki/Seismisitas" title="Seismisitas">Seismisitas</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Seismisitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Seismisitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proses pengisian (pembendungan) waduk sering dikaitkan dengan <i>reservoir-triggered seismicity</i> (RTS) sebagai kejadian gempa yang terjadi di sekitar dinding waduk atau di dalam waduk pada masa lalu. Kejadian ini dapat dipicu oleh pengisian atau operasi waduk tersebut dan jarang terjadi jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah waduk di seluruh dunia. Dari 100 kejadian yang tercatat, beberapa contoh yang terjadi pada masa lalu antara lain Marathon Dam di Yunani (1929) sedalam 60 m dan Hoover Dam di Amerika Serikat (1935) sedalam 221 m. </p><p>Kebanyakan kejadian gempa ini terjadi di bendungan besar dan hanya menghasilkan getaran kecil. Hanya empat kejadian tercatat di atas magnitudo 6.0 (Mw) yaitu Koyna Dam di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> yang terdaftar magnitudo 6.3 , sedalam 103 m (338 kaki), begitu juga dengan Kremasta Dam di <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> 120 m (394 kaki) tercatat sebanyak magnitudo 6.3 . Yang besar lainnya adalah Kariba Dam di <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> sedalam 122 m (400 kaki) pada magnitudo 6.25 dan Xinfengjiang Dam di <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> 105 m (344 kaki) pada magnitudo 6.1 . Kebanyakan sengketa yang muncul ketika RTS terjadi adalah akibat kekurangan pengetahuan hidrogeologi pada saat gempa-gempa tersebut terjadi. Bagaimanapun, disepakati bahwa infiltrasi air ke dalam pori-pori dan berat struktur waduk memang berkontribusi pada pola RTS. </p><p>Syarat terjadinya RTS adalah adanya struktur pemicu seismik di dekat bendungan atau waduk dan struktur tersebut yang hampir gagal. Sebagai tambahan, air harus dapat menginfiltrasi stratum dari sebuah <i>deep rock</i> karena struktur sebuah waduk dengan kedalaman 100 m (328 kaki) pun sebenarnya hanya menghasilkan sedikit dampak ketika dibandingkan bobot mati sebuah batu pada <i>crustal stress field</i> yang dialokasikan pada kedalaman 10 km (6 mi) atau lebih. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim_mikro">Iklim mikro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim mikro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim mikro"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waduk dapat mengubah iklim mikro lokal, meningkatkan kelembaban dan mengurangi temperatur yang ekstrem khususnya di daerah kering. Efek seperti ini pernah diklaim oleh sejumlah perkebunan anggur di Australia karena dianggap dapat meningkatkan kualitas produksi anggur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_waduk">Daftar waduk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar waduk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar waduk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berikut adalah contoh beberapa waduk yang terdapat di Indonesia: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Pacal" title="Waduk Pacal">Waduk Pacal</a>, Bojonegoro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Prijetan" title="Waduk Prijetan">Waduk Prijetan</a>, Lamongan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Nglangon" title="Waduk Nglangon">Waduk Nglangon</a>, Grobogan</li> <li>Waduk Gondang</li> <li>Waduk Bunder</li> <li>Waduk Widas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Pluit" title="Waduk Pluit">Waduk Pluit</a>, Pluit, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Barat, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Grogol, Jakarta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Ria_Rio" title="Waduk Ria Rio">Waduk Ria Rio</a>, Pulogadung, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Cengkareng, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Hankam, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Jelambar, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Kali Deres, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Meruya, Jakarta</li> <li>Waduk Brigif, Jakarta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Jatiluhur" title="Waduk Jatiluhur">Waduk Jatiluhur</a>, Purwakarta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waduk_Gajah_Mungkur" title="Waduk Gajah Mungkur">Waduk Gajah Mungkur</a>, Wonogiri</li> <li>Waduk Saguling, Kabupaten Bandung Barat</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waduk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishdams.org/about-dams/dam-information/building-dams/#:~:text=A%20dam%20is%20usually%20constructed,that%20is%20transported%20from%20elsewhere.">"Building Dams"</a>. <i>brittishdams.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=brittishdams.org&amp;rft.atitle=Building+Dams&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishdams.org%2Fabout-dams%2Fdam-information%2Fbuilding-dams%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DA%2520dam%2520is%2520usually%2520constructed%2Cthat%2520is%2520transported%2520from%2520elsewhere.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaduk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88">Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae – UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Construction of Hoover Dam: a historic account prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior. KC Publications. 1976. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0916122514" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-916122-51-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200506122359/https://www.geoparcyfforestfawr.org.uk/understanding/archaeology-industrial-heritage/reservoir-of-fforest-fawr-geopark">"Reservoirs of Fforest Fawr Geopark"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoparcyfforestfawr.org.uk/understanding/archaeology-industrial-heritage/reservoir-of-fforest-fawr-geopark">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Reservoirs+of+Fforest+Fawr+Geopark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geoparcyfforestfawr.org.uk%2Funderstanding%2Farchaeology-industrial-heritage%2Freservoir-of-fforest-fawr-geopark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaduk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICEQueenMary-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICEQueenMary_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICEQueenMary_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/dare.2009.19.2.79;jsessionid=3295v7olnvqlv.z-telford-01">Queen Mary and King George V emergency draw down schemes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, S. et al. (2006) <i>Water: the vital resource</i>, 2nd edition, Milton Keynes, The Open University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rodda, John; Ubertini, Lucio, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JI65-MygMm0C&amp;pg=PA161&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>The Basis of Civilization--water Science?</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). International Association of Hydrological Science. hlm.&#160;161. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-901502-57-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-901502-57-2">978-1-901502-57-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Basis+of+Civilization--water+Science%3F&amp;rft.pages=161&amp;rft.pub=International+Association+of+Hydrological+Science&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-901502-57-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJI65-MygMm0C%26pg%3DPA161%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaduk" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodda-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rodda_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">edited by John C. 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bentang_lahan_dan_bentuk_lahan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bentang_lahan_dan_bentuk_lahan" title="Templat:Bentang lahan dan bentuk lahan"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Bentang_lahan_dan_bentuk_lahan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Bentang lahan dan bentuk lahan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bentang_lahan_dan_bentuk_lahan&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bentang_lahan_dan_bentuk_lahan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bentang_alam" title="Bentang alam">Bentang lahan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bentuk_lahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentuk lahan">bentuk lahan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_struktural&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan struktural (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busur_muka" class="mw-redirect" title="Busur muka">Busur muka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekungan_busur_muka" title="Cekungan busur muka">Cekungan busur muka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekungan_busur_belakang" title="Cekungan busur belakang">Cekungan busur belakang</a></li> <li><i>Dip</i> dan <i>strike</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dip_slope&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dip slope (halaman belum tersedia)">Dip slope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strike_slope&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Strike slope (halaman belum tersedia)">Strike slope</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipatan">Lipatan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiklin" title="Antiklin">Antiklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinklin" title="Sinklin">Sinklin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Patahan">Patahan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horst" class="mw-redirect" title="Horst">Horst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisma_akresi" title="Prisma akresi">Prisma akresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singkapan" title="Singkapan">Singkapan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_vulkanis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan vulkanis (halaman belum tersedia)">Vulkanis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataran_lava" title="Dataran lava">Dataran lava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_api" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunung api">Gunung api</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baranco&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baranco (halaman belum tersedia)">Baranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danau_kawah" title="Danau kawah">Danau kawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera">Kaldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawah">Kawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepundan" title="Kepundan">Kepundan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerucut_bara" title="Kerucut bara">Kerucut bara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotspot (geologi)">Hot spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geiser" title="Geiser">Geiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton">Kraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubah_lava" title="Kubah lava">Kubah lava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_bantal" title="Lava bantal">Lava bantal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_fluvial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan fluvial (halaman belum tersedia)">Fluvial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danau_tapal_kuda" title="Danau tapal kuda">Danau tapal kuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dataran_aluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataran aluvial">Dataran aluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dataran_banjir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataran banjir">Dataran banjir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_sungai" title="Delta sungai">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosong_sungai" title="Gosong sungai">Gosong sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosong_tengah_sungai" title="Gosong tengah sungai">Gosong tengah sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipas_aluvial" title="Kipas aluvial">Kipas aluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarai" title="Ngarai">Ngarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa">Rawa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rawa_belakang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rawa belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">Rawa belakang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai">Sungai</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembah_sungai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembah sungai (halaman belum tersedia)">Lembah sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempuran_sungai" title="Tempuran sungai">Tempuran sungai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanggul_alam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanggul alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanggul alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_glasial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan glasial (halaman belum tersedia)">Glasial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arete&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arete (halaman belum tersedia)">Arete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danau_subglasial" title="Danau subglasial">Danau subglasial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_supraglasial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau supraglasial (halaman belum tersedia)">Danau supraglasial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Esker (halaman belum tersedia)">Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyord" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyord">Fyord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">Gletser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembah_lorong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembah lorong (halaman belum tersedia)">Lembah lorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Moraine">Moraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moulin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moulin (halaman belum tersedia)">Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirke (halaman belum tersedia)">Sirke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_denudasional&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan denudasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Denudasional/<br />Erosional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badlands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Badlands (halaman belum tersedia)">Badlands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornhardt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornhardt (halaman belum tersedia)">Bornhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Butte (halaman belum tersedia)">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Inselberg">Inselberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipas_koluvial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipas koluvial (halaman belum tersedia)">Kipas koluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_(geologi)" title="Mesa (geologi)">Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubbin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nubbin (halaman belum tersedia)">Nubbin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediplain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediplain (halaman belum tersedia)">Pediplain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peneplain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peneplain (halaman belum tersedia)">Peneplain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_marin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan marin (halaman belum tersedia)">Marin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beting_gisik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Beting gisik (halaman belum tersedia)">Beting gisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_(bentuk_lahan)" title="Bura (bentuk lahan)">Bura</a> (<i>spit</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreland (halaman belum tersedia)">Foreland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerongan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerongan (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisik" title="Gisik">Gisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisik_penghalang" title="Gisik penghalang">Gisik penghalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_laut" title="Gua laut">Gua laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna" title="Laguna">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantai" title="Pantai">Pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelataran_pantai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelataran pantai (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelataran pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelengkung_(bentuk_lahan)" title="Pelengkung (bentuk lahan)">Pelengkung laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesisir" title="Pesisir">Pesisir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilar_laut" title="Pilar laut">Pilar laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rataan_pasang_surut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rataan pasang surut (halaman belum tersedia)">Rataan pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_garaman" title="Rawa garaman">Rawa garaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabkha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabkha (halaman belum tersedia)">Sabkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_genting" title="Tanah genting">Tanah genting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebing_pantai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebing pantai (halaman belum tersedia)">Tebing pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teras_marin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teras marin (halaman belum tersedia)">Teras marin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tombolo_(geografi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tombolo (geografi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tombolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_solusional&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan solusional (halaman belum tersedia)">Solusional/<br /> Karst</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%AEme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abîme (halaman belum tersedia)">Abîme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_karst&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit karst (halaman belum tersedia)">Bukit karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolin">Dolin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foiba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Foiba (halaman belum tersedia)">Foiba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gua_karst&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gua karst (halaman belum tersedia)">Gua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speleotem" title="Speleotem">Speleotem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalaktit" title="Stalaktit">Stalaktit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalagmit" title="Stalagmit">Stalagmit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogote" title="Mogote">Mogote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polje" title="Polje">Polje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponor">Ponor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sink_(bentuk_lahan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sink (bentuk lahan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sink</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvala (halaman belum tersedia)">Uvala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_aeolian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan aeolian (halaman belum tersedia)">Aeolian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cekungan_deflasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cekungan deflasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Cekungan deflasi</a> (<i>blowout</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erg_(bentuk_lahan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erg (bentuk lahan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Erg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumuk" title="Gumuk">Gumuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamada_(bentuk_lahan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamada (bentuk lahan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hamada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lantai_gurun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lantai gurun (halaman belum tersedia)">Lantai gurun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelengkung_(bentuk_lahan)" title="Pelengkung (bentuk lahan)">Pelengkung</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_pedestal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock pedestal (halaman belum tersedia)">Rock pedestal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ventifact&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ventifact (halaman belum tersedia)">Ventifact</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardang" title="Yardang">Yardang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zastruga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zastruga (halaman belum tersedia)">Zastruga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentang_lahan_antropogenik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentang lahan antropogenik (halaman belum tersedia)">Antropogenik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan">Bendungan</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Waduk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanal" title="Kanal">Kanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahan_usaha_tani" title="Lahan usaha tani">Lahan pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permukiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Permukiman">Permukiman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perkotaan" title="Perkotaan">Kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdesaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdesaan">Desa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reklamasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reklamasi">Reklamasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertambangan" 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