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id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spasm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC" title="تشنج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشنج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Спазма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спазма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Спазма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Спазма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Спазъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спазъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87ni_spazam" title="Mišićni spazam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mišićni spazam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espasme_muscular" title="Espasme muscular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espasme muscular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99e%C4%8D" title="Křeč – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křeč" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmus" title="Spasmus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spasmus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espasmo_muscular" title="Espasmo muscular – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espasmo muscular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmo" title="Spasmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spasmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espasmo" title="Espasmo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espasmo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اسپاسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپاسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasme" title="Spasme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spasme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADog" title="Ríog – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríog" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%B6%95" title="연축 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Սպազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmo" title="Spasmo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Spasmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmofili" title="Spasmofili – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spasmofili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmo" title="Spasmo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spasmo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA" title="עווית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עווית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4" title="ಸೆಳೆತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೆಳೆತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სპაზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპაზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Спазм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Спазм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazmas" title="Spazmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spazmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Спазам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спазам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spierkramp" title="Spierkramp – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spierkramp" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%A3%E7%B8%AE" title="攣縮 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="攣縮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasme" title="Spasme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spasme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazm" title="Spazm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Spazm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurcz" title="Kurcz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurcz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espasmo" title="Espasmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espasmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spasm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27iwiykuy" title="Q'iwiykuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'iwiykuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Спазм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спазм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%95%C4%8D" title="Kŕč – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kŕč" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мишићни спазам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мишићни спазам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87ni_spazam" title="Mišićni spazam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mišićni spazam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmi" title="Spasmi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spasmi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spasm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasma" title="Pasma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pasma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazm" title="Spazm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spazm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Спазм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спазм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%98%9B%E7%98%B2" title="瘛瘲 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="瘛瘲" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%99%E6%94%A3" title="痙攣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="痙攣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%99%E6%94%A3" title="痙攣 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="痙攣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q574360#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle_spasm&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle spasm">Muscle spasm</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Involuntary contraction of a muscle, organ or orifice</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spasm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spasm (disambiguation)">Spasm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Spasmodic" redirects here. For the British literary movement, see <a href="/wiki/Spasmodic_poets" title="Spasmodic poets">Spasmodic poets</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a> or <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">Seizure</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spasm" title="Special:EditPage/Spasm">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spasm%22">"Spasm"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spasm%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spasm%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spasm%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spasm%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spasm%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Muscle spasm</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>A <b>spasm</b> is a sudden involuntary <a href="/wiki/Muscle_contraction" title="Muscle contraction">contraction</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">muscle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a group of muscles, or a hollow <a href="/wiki/Organ_(biology)" title="Organ (biology)">organ</a>, such as the bladder. </p><p>A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including <a href="/wiki/Dystonia" title="Dystonia">dystonia</a>. Most commonly, it is a <a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">muscle cramp</a> which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. It is typically caused by <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance" title="Electrolyte imbalance">ion imbalance</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscle_overload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muscle overload (page does not exist)">muscle overload</a>. </p><p>There are other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, and some of these may cause a <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">health problem</a>. </p><p>A series of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_causes">Description and causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description and causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spasm" title="Special:EditPage/Spasm">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Spasms occur when the part of the brain that controls movement malfunctions, causing involuntary muscle activity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A spasm may be a muscle contraction caused by abnormal nerve stimulation or by abnormal activity of the muscle itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Causes">Causes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cause of spasms is often unknown, but it can be due to an inherited genetic problem, a side effect of medications, <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_palsy" title="Cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Old age can also cause spasms and cramp.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spasms can occur in <a href="/wiki/Dystonia" title="Dystonia">dystonia</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Spasticity" title="Spasticity">spasticity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects">Effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A spasm may lead to muscle strains or tears in <a href="/wiki/Tendons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendons">tendons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligaments">ligaments</a> if the force of the spasm exceeds the tensile strength of the underlying connective tissue. This can occur with a particularly strong spasm or with weakened connective tissue.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_spasm">Types of spasm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of spasm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hypertonia" title="Hypertonia">hypertonic muscle spasm</a> is a condition of chronic, excessive <a href="/wiki/Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone">muscle tone</a> (i.e., tension in a resting muscle). This is the amount of contraction that remains when a muscle is not working. A true <a href="/wiki/Tonicity" title="Tonicity">hypertonic spasm</a> is caused by malfunctioning feedback nerves. This is much more serious and is permanent unless treated. In this case, the hypertonic muscle tone is excessive, and the muscles are unable to relax.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A subtype of spasm is <a href="/wiki/Colic" title="Colic">colic</a>. This is an episodic pain caused by spasm of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a> in a particular organ (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">bile duct</a>). A characteristic of colic is the sensation of having to move about, and the pain may induce <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antispasmodic" title="Antispasmodic">Antispasmodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharospasm" title="Blepharospasm">Blepharospasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadaveric_spasm" title="Cadaveric spasm">Cadaveric spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convulsion" title="Convulsion">Convulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricopharyngeal_spasm" title="Cricopharyngeal spasm">Cricopharyngeal spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">Ejaculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epileptic_seizure" class="mw-redirect" title="Epileptic seizure">Epileptic seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jactitation_(medicine)" title="Jactitation (medicine)">Jactitation (medicine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">Myoclonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_spasm" title="Neck spasm">Neck spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasmodic_dysphonia" title="Spasmodic dysphonia">Spasmodic dysphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasticity" title="Spasticity">Spasticity</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's medical reference works</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dorland%27s+medical+reference+works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpasm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dystonia/">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dystonia/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dystonia/">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dystonia/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muschealth.org/medical-services/geriatrics-and-aging/healthy-aging/cramps-and-spasms">"Muscle Cramps & Spasms"</a>. <i>muschealth.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=muschealth.org&rft.atitle=Muscle+Cramps+%26+Spasms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuschealth.org%2Fmedical-services%2Fgeriatrics-and-aging%2Fhealthy-aging%2Fcramps-and-spasms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpasm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spasm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574360" class="extiw" title="d:Q574360">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R25.2">R25.2</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=728.85">728.85</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spasm" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:spasm">spasm</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003193.htm">NIH Medical Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.howstuffworks.com/question223.htm">How Stuff Works</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Spasm"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Spasm">"Spasm" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spasm&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpasm" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_movement_and_gait205" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Movement_and_gait_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Movement and gait symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_movement_and_gait205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to movement and <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gait_abnormality" title="Gait abnormality">Gait abnormality</a></li> <li>CNS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_gait" title="Scissor gait">Scissor gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_ataxia" title="Cerebellar ataxia">Cerebellar ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Choreic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkinsonian_gait" title="Parkinsonian gait">Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_gait" title="Magnetic gait">Magnetic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche_%C3%A0_petit_pas" title="Marche à petit pas">Marche à petit pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propulsive_gait" title="Propulsive gait">Propulsive gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomping_gait" title="Stomping gait">Stomping gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_gait" title="Spastic gait">Spastic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncal_ataxia" title="Truncal ataxia">Truncal ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_disorder" title="Balance disorder">Vestibular gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muscular <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myopathic_gait" title="Myopathic gait">Myopathic gait/Waddling gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendelenburg_gait" title="Trendelenburg gait">Trendelenburg gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_gait" title="Pigeon gait">Pigeon gait</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_drop" title="Foot drop">Foot drop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steppage_gait" title="Steppage gait">Steppage gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_walking" title="Toe walking">Toe walking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asymmetric gait <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gait#Variables" title="Gait">Leaping gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asynchronous gait <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunslinger%27s_gait" title="Gunslinger's gait">Gunslinger's gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiparesis" title="Hemiparesis">Hemiparetic gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limp" title="Limp">Limp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antalgic_gait" title="Antalgic gait">Antalgic gait</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deformity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_gait" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus gait">Lotus gait</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interlimb_coordination" title="Interlimb coordination">Coordination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">Ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellar_ataxia" title="Cerebellar ataxia">Cerebellar ataxia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysmetria" title="Dysmetria">Dysmetria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysdiadochokinesia" title="Dysdiadochokinesia">Dysdiadochokinesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronator_drift" title="Pronator drift">Pronator drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssynergia" title="Dyssynergia">Dyssynergia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_ataxia" title="Sensory ataxia">Sensory ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterixis" title="Asterixis">Asterixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abasia" title="Abasia">Abasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimotor_neglect" title="Hemimotor neglect">Hemimotor neglect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dyskinesia" title="Dyskinesia">Abnormal movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athetosis" title="Athetosis">Athetosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Chorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">Tremor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciculation" title="Fasciculation">Fasciculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrillation" title="Fibrillation">Fibrillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myokymia" title="Myokymia">Myokymia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">Myoclonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperkinesia" title="Hyperkinesia">Hyperkinesia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hypokinesia" title="Hypokinesia">Hypokinesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myotonia" title="Myotonia">Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotonia" title="Hypotonia">Hypotonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypy" title="Stereotypy">Stereotypy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akathisia" title="Akathisia">Akathisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echopraxia" title="Echopraxia">Echopraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echolalia" title="Echolalia">Echolalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_posturing" title="Abnormal posturing">Abnormal posturing</a></li> <li>Stooped posture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camptocormia" title="Camptocormia">Camptocormia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthotonus" title="Opisthotonus">Opisthotonus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trismus" title="Trismus">Trismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">Cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetany" title="Tetany">Tetany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertonia" title="Hypertonia">Hypertonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_locking_(symptom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint locking (symptom)">Joint locking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalepsy" title="Catalepsy">Catalepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_flexibility" title="Waxy flexibility">Waxy flexibility</a></li> <li>Grimacing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_death#Humans" title="Apparent death">Tonic immobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">Paralysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flaccid_paralysis" title="Flaccid paralysis">Flaccid paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_paralysis" title="Periodic paralysis">Periodic paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_paraplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spastic paraplegia">Spastic paraplegia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_diplegia" title="Spastic diplegia">Spastic diplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spastic_paraplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spastic paraplegia">Spastic paraplegia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Syndromes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoplegia" title="Monoplegia">Monoplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplegia" title="Diplegia">Diplegia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paraplegia" title="Paraplegia">Paraplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemiplegia">Hemiplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triplegia" title="Triplegia">Triplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraplegia" title="Tetraplegia">Tetraplegia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quadruplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruplegia">Quadruplegia</a></li></ul></li> <li>General causes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Upper motor neuron lesion">Upper motor neuron lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron_lesion" title="Lower motor neuron lesion">Lower motor neuron lesion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">Weakness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemiparesis" title="Hemiparesis">Hemiparesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowers%27_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowers' sign">Gowers' sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_syndrome" title="Locomotive syndrome">Locomotive syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)" title="Ptosis (eyelid)">Ptosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Range_of_motion" title="Range of motion">Range of motion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contracture" title="Contracture">Contracture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy" title="Bethlem myopathy">Bethlem sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Club foot">Club foot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_stiffness" title="Joint stiffness">Joint stiffness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosis" title="Ankylosis">Ankylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(joints)" title="Hypermobility (joints)">Hypermobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorlin_sign" title="Gorlin sign">Gorlin sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers-Danlos_syndromes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehlers-Danlos syndromes">EDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_spectrum_disorder" title="Hypermobility spectrum disorder">HSD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonniere_deformity" title="Boutonniere deformity">Boutonniere deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_neck_deformity" title="Swan neck deformity">Swan neck deformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoliosis" title="Scoliosis">Scoliosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyphosis" title="Kyphosis">Kyphosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachitic_rosary" title="Rachitic rosary">Rachitic rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_feet" title="Flat feet">Flat feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronation_of_the_foot#overpronation" title="Pronation of the foot">Overpronation/Flexible flat feet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock-knee" class="mw-redirect" title="Knock-knee">Knock-knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow-leggedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow-leggedness">Bow-leggedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_knee" class="mw-redirect" title="Back knee">Back knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyporeflexia" title="Hyporeflexia">Hyporeflexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperreflexia" title="Hyperreflexia">Hyperreflexia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clasp-knife_response" title="Clasp-knife response">Clasp-knife response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivering" title="Shivering">Shivering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnic_jerk" title="Hypnic jerk">Hypnic jerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astasia-abasia" title="Astasia-abasia">Astasia-abasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">Motion sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_disorder" title="Conversion disorder">Conversion disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">Shell shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupor" title="Stupor">Stupor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatonia" title="Catatonia">Catatonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_mania" title="Dancing mania">Dancing mania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Symptoms_and_conditions_relating_to_muscle133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Myopathy" title="Template:Myopathy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Myopathy" title="Template talk:Myopathy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Myopathy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Myopathy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Symptoms_and_conditions_relating_to_muscle133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Symptoms and <a href="/wiki/Myopathy" title="Myopathy">conditions</a> relating to <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">Pain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Myalgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibromyalgia" title="Fibromyalgia">Fibromyalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_muscle_soreness" title="Acute muscle soreness">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_onset_muscle_soreness" title="Delayed onset muscle soreness">Delayed onset</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myositis" title="Myositis">Myositis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyomyositis" title="Pyomyositis">Pyomyositis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Myoedema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroid myopathy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Destruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">Muscle weakness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis" title="Rhabdomyolysis">Rhabdomyolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">Muscle atrophy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Amyotrophy" title="Amyotrophy">Amyotrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Low ATP reservoir</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_fatigue" title="Muscle fatigue">Muscle fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_intolerance" title="Exercise intolerance">Exercise intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myogenic_hyperuricemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myogenic hyperuricemia (page does not exist)">Myogenic hyperuricemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms#Dynamic_and_static" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptoms">Dynamic symptoms (exercise-induced)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia#Metabolic_myopathy" title="Sinus tachycardia"> Inappropriate rapid heart rate response to exercise (tachycardia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_fitness" title="Cardiovascular fitness">Exaggerated cardiorespiratory response to exercise (tachycardia with tachypnea and/or hyperpnea (exercise hyperventilation))</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_the_wall" title="Hitting the wall">Hitting the wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_wind" title="Second wind">Second wind</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Metabolic_myopathy" title="Metabolic myopathy">Metabolic myopathies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroid myopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroid myopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoparathyroidism" title="Hypoparathyroidism">Hypoparathyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypokalemia" title="Hypokalemia">Hypokalemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoxia (medical)">Hypoxic muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohypoxia" title="Pseudohypoxia">Pseudohypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_claudication" title="Intermittent claudication">Intermittent claudication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">Scurvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">Starvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abnormal movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_cramp" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle cramp">Muscle cramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myokymia" title="Myokymia">Myokymia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muscle spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciculations" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasciculations">Fasciculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_contracture" title="Muscle contracture">Muscle contracture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrosis" title="Fibrosis">Fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhesion_(medicine)" title="Adhesion (medicine)">Adhesion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myotonia" title="Myotonia">Myotonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channelopathy" title="Channelopathy">Muscle channelopathies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myotonia" title="Myotonia">Pseudo-myotonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brody_myopathy" title="Brody myopathy">Brody myopathy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasticity" title="Spasticity">Spasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rippling_muscle_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rippling muscle disease (page does not exist)">Rippling muscle disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_paralysis" title="Periodic paralysis">Periodic paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotonia" title="Hypotonia">Hypotonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hypertonia" title="Hypertonia">Hypertonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myositis_ossificans" title="Myositis ossificans">Myositis ossificans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva" title="Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva">Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compartment_syndrome" title="Compartment syndrome">Compartment syndrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_syndrome_of_the_lower_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg">Anterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastasis_(pathology)" title="Diastasis (pathology)">Diastasis of muscle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diastasis_recti" title="Diastasis recti">Diastasis recti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoathletic_appearance" title="Pseudoathletic appearance">Pseudoathletic appearance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hyperplasia" title="Hyperplasia">Muscle hyperplasia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muscle_hypertrophy" title="Muscle hypertrophy">Muscle hypertrophy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pseudohypertrophy" title="Pseudohypertrophy">Pseudohypertrophy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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