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peak-to-valley current ratio</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: peak-to-valley current ratio"> <meta name="keywords" content="peak-to-valley current ratio"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="peak-to-valley current ratio"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13163</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: peak-to-valley current ratio</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13163</span> Improved Small-Signal Characteristics of Infrared 850 nm Top-Emitting Vertical-Cavity Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Al-Omari">Ahmad Al-Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Khreis"> Osama Khreis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20M.%20K.%20Dagamseh"> Ahmad M. K. Dagamseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Ababneh"> Abdullah Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Lear"> Kevin Lear</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-speed infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) with Cu-plated heat sinks were fabricated and tested. VCSELs with 10 mm aperture diameter and 4 mm of electroplated copper demonstrated a -3dB modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>) of 14 GHz and a resonance frequency (<em>f</em><sub>R</sub>) of 9.5 GHz at a bias current density (<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em>) of only 4.3 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which corresponds to an improved <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio of 44 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>. At higher and lower bias current densities, the <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em> J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio decreased to about 30 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 18 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Examination of the analogue modulation response demonstrated that the presented VCSELs displayed a steady <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>/<em> f</em><sub>R</sub> ratio of 1.41±10% over the whole range of the bias current (1.3<em>I</em><sub>th</sub> to 6.2<em>I</em><sub>th</sub>). The devices also demonstrated a maximum modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB max</sub>) of more than 16 GHz at a bias current less than the industrial bias current standard for reliability by 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title="current density">current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20VCSELs" title=" high-speed VCSELs"> high-speed VCSELs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation%20bandwidth" title=" modulation bandwidth"> modulation bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-signal%20characteristics" title=" small-signal characteristics"> small-signal characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20impedance" title=" thermal impedance"> thermal impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical-cavity%20surface-emitting%20lasers" title=" vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers"> vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78212/improved-small-signal-characteristics-of-infrared-850-nm-top-emitting-vertical-cavity-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13162</span> Optimizing of the Micro EDM Parameters in Drilling of Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Higher Machining Accuracy-Fuzzy Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan">Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mum%20Wai%20Yip"> Mum Wai Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sayuti"> M. Sayuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Siew%20Fen"> Lim Siew Fen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ti6Al4V alloy is highly used in the automotive and aerospace industry due to its good machining characteristics. Micro EDM drilling is commonly used to drill micro hole on extremely hard material with very high depth to diameter ratio. In this study, the parameters of micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) in drilling of Ti6Al4V alloy is optimized for higher machining accuracy with less hole-dilation and hole taper ratio. The micro-EDM machining parameters includes, peak current and pulse on time. Fuzzy analysis was developed to evaluate the machining accuracy. The analysis shows that hole-dilation and hole-taper ratio are increased with the increasing of peak current and pulse on time. However, the surface quality deteriorates as the peak current and pulse on time increase. The combination that gives the optimum result for hole dilation is medium peak current and short pulse on time. Meanwhile, the optimum result for hole taper ratio is low peak current and short pulse on time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micro%20EDM" title="Micro EDM">Micro EDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-6Al-4V%20alloy" title=" Ti-6Al-4V alloy"> Ti-6Al-4V alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20based%20analysis" title=" fuzzy logic based analysis"> fuzzy logic based analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining%20accuracy" title=" machining accuracy"> machining accuracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21772/optimizing-of-the-micro-edm-parameters-in-drilling-of-titanium-ti-6al-4v-alloy-for-higher-machining-accuracy-fuzzy-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13161</span> Effect of Inductance Ratio on Operating Frequencies of a Hybrid Resonant Inverter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Ghodsi">Mojtaba Ghodsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Ziaifar"> Hamidreza Ziaifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mohammadzaheri"> Morteza Mohammadzaheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Soltani"> Payam Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the performance of a medium power (25 kW/25 kHz) hybrid inverter with a reactive transformer is investigated. To analyze the sensitivity of the inverster, the RSM technique is employed to manifest the effective factors in the inverter to minimize current passing through the Insulated Bipolar Gate Transistors (IGBTs) (current stress). It is revealed that the ratio of the axillary inductor to the effective inductance of resonant inverter (N), is the most effective parameter to minimize the current stress in this type of inverter. In practice, proper selection of N mitigates the current stress over IGBTs by five times. This reduction is very helpful to keep the IGBTs at normal temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20analysis" title="analytical analysis">analytical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20resonant%20inverter" title=" hybrid resonant inverter"> hybrid resonant inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20transformer" title=" reactive transformer"> reactive transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20method" title=" response surface method"> response surface method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118780/effect-of-inductance-ratio-on-operating-frequencies-of-a-hybrid-resonant-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13160</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including, time, temperature and mixing rate were kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCD" title=" CCD"> CCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13159</span> Convergence with IFRS: Evidence from Financial Statements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Turan">M. S. Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple"> Dimple</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to implementation of IFRS by several developed and developing countries, India has no option other than to converge their accounting standards with IFRS. There are over 10,000 listed companies required to implement IFRS in India. IFRS based financial information presented by a company is different from the same information provided by Indian GAAPs. In this study, we have brought out and analyzed the effect of IFRS reporting on the financial statements of selected companies. The results reveal that convergence with IFRS brought prominent positive variations in the values of quick ratio, debt/equity ratio, proprietary ratio and net profit ratio, while negative variation is brought in the values of current ratio, debt to total assets ratio, operating profit ratio, return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ equity ratios. It also presents significant changes in the values of items of balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash flow statement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFRS" title="IFRS">IFRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reporting%20standards" title=" reporting standards"> reporting standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence%20process" title=" convergence process"> convergence process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=results" title=" results "> results </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14903/convergence-with-ifrs-evidence-from-financial-statements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13158</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser, and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including time, temperature, and mixing rate was kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13157</span> Minimum Ratio of Flexural Reinforcement for High Strength Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20A.%20Mohammed">Azad A. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunyazad%20K.%20Assi"> Dunyazad K. Assi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20S.%20Abdulrahman"> Alan S. Abdulrahman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current ACI 318 Code provides two limits for minimum steel ratio for concrete beams. When concrete compressive strength be larger than 31 MPa the limit of √(fc')/4fy usually governs. In this paper shortcomings related to using this limit was fairly discussed and showed that the limit is based on 90% safety factor and was derived based on modulus of rupture equation suitable for concretes of compressive strength lower than 31 MPa. Accordingly, the limit is nor suitable and critical for concretes of higher compressive strength. An alternative equation was proposed for minimum steel ratio of rectangular beams and was found that the proposed limit is accurate for beams of wide range of concrete compressive strength. Shortcomings of the current ACI 318 Code equation and accuracy of the proposed equation were supported by test data obtained from testing six reinforced concrete beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beam" title="concrete beam">concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20steel%20ratio" title=" minimum steel ratio"> minimum steel ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rupture" title=" modulus of rupture"> modulus of rupture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17902/minimum-ratio-of-flexural-reinforcement-for-high-strength-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13156</span> Corporate Performance and Balance Sheet Indicators: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Bohra">Hussain Bohra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradyuman%20Sharma"> Pradyuman Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study highlights the significance of Balance Sheet Indicators on the corporate performance in the case of Indian manufacturing companies. Balance sheet indicators show the actual financial health of the company and it helps to the external investors to choose the right company for their investment and it also help to external financing agency to give easy finance to the manufacturing companies. The period of study is 2000 to 2014 for 813 manufacturing companies for which the continuous data is available throughout the study period. The data is collected from PROWESS data base maintained by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd. Panel data methods like fixed effect and random effect methods are used for the analysis. The Likelihood Ratio test, Lagrange Multiplier test and Hausman test results proof the suitability of the fixed effect model for the estimation. Return on assets (ROA) is used as the proxy to measure corporate performance. ROA is the best proxy to measure corporate performance as it already used by the most of the authors who worked on the corporate performance. ROA shows return on long term investment projects of firms. Different ratios like Current Ratio, Debt-equity ratio, Receivable turnover ratio, solvency ratio have been used as the proxies for the Balance Sheet Indicators. Other firm specific variable like firm size, and sales as the control variables in the model. From the empirical analysis, it was found that all selected financial ratios have significant and positive impact on the corporate performance. Firm sales and firm size also found significant and positive impact on the corporate performance. To check the robustness of results, the sample was divided on the basis of different ratio like firm having high debt equity ratio and low debt equity ratio, firms having high current ratio and low current ratio, firms having high receivable turnover and low receivable ratio and solvency ratio in the form of firms having high solving ratio and low solvency ratio. We find that the results are robust to all types of companies having different form of selected balance sheet indicators ratio. The results for other variables are also in the same line as for the whole sample. These findings confirm that Balance sheet indicators play as significant role on the corporate performance in India. The findings of this study have the implications for the corporate managers to focus different ratio to maintain the minimum expected level of performance. Apart from that, they should also maintain adequate sales and total assets to improve corporate performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20sheet" title="balance sheet">balance sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20performance" title=" corporate performance"> corporate performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20ratio" title=" current ratio"> current ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data%20method" title=" panel data method"> panel data method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61796/corporate-performance-and-balance-sheet-indicators-evidence-from-indian-manufacturing-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13155</span> Performance Improvement of The Nano-Composite Based Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Y%C4%B1lmaz">Yusuf Yılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Dincer"> Kevser Dincer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Sayg%C4%B1l%C4%B1"> Derya Saygılı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, performance of PEMs was experimentally investigated. Coating on the cathode side of the PEMs fuel cells was accomplished with the spray method by using NaCaNiBO. A solution having 0,1 gr NaCaNiBO +10 mL methanol was prepared. This solution was taken out and filled into a spray. Then the cathode side of PEMs fuel cells was cladded with NaCaNiBO by using spray method. After coating, the membrane was left out to dry for 24 hours. The PEM fuel cells were mounted to the system in single, double, triple and fourfold manner in order to spot the best performance. The performance parameter considered was the power to current ratio. The best performance was found to occur at the 300th second with the power/current ratio of 3.55 Watt/Ampere and on the fourfold parallel mounting after the coating; whereas the poorest performance took place at the 210th second, power to current ratio of 0.12 Watt/Ampere and on the twofold parallel connection after the coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-composites" title="nano-composites">nano-composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membranes" title=" proton exchange membranes"> proton exchange membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20improvement" title=" performance improvement"> performance improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8066/performance-improvement-of-the-nano-composite-based-proton-exchange-membranes-pems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13154</span> Parametric Analysis of Syn-gas Fueled SOFC with Internal Reforming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Tushar%20Choudhary">Sanjay Tushar Choudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). In the present work the SOFC has been modeled to work with internal reforming of fuel which takes place at high temperature and direct energy conversion from chemical energy to electrical energy takes place. The fuel-cell effluent is a high-temperature steam which can be used for co-generation purposes. Syn-gas has been used here as fuel which is essentially produced by steam reforming of methane in the internal reformer of the SOFC. A thermodynamic model of SOFC has been developed for planar cell configuration to evaluate various losses in the energy conversion process within the fuel cell. Cycle parameters like fuel utilization ratio and the air-recirculation ratio have been varied to evaluate the thermodynamic performance of the fuel cell. Output performance parameters like terminal voltage, cell-efficiency and power output have been evaluated for various values of current densities. It has been observed that a combination of a lower value of air-circulation ratio and higher values of fuel utilization efficiency gives a better overall thermodynamic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title="current density">current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOFC" title=" SOFC"> SOFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suel%20utilization%20factor" title=" suel utilization factor"> suel utilization factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recirculation%20ratio" title=" recirculation ratio"> recirculation ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16028/parametric-analysis-of-syn-gas-fueled-sofc-with-internal-reforming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13153</span> Application of Golden Ratio in Contemporary Textile Industry and Its Effect on Consumer Preferences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafia%20Asghar">Rafia Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hafeez"> Abdul Hafeez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to determine the influence of Fibonacci numbers and golden ratio through textile designs. This study was carried out by collecting a variety of designs from different textile industries. Top textile designers were also interviewed regarding golden ratio and its application on their designs and design execution process. This study revealed that most of the designs fulfilled the golden ratio and the designs that were according to golden ratio were more favorite to the consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20ratio" title="golden ratio">golden ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fibonacci%20numbers" title=" Fibonacci numbers"> Fibonacci numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20design" title=" textile design"> textile design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designs" title=" designs"> designs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20347/application-of-golden-ratio-in-contemporary-textile-industry-and-its-effect-on-consumer-preferences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13152</span> The Response of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid on Kv1.4 Potassium Channel Subunit Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatin%20H.%20Mohamad">Fatin H. Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20H.%20Wong"> Jia H. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20A.%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul A. Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20M.%20Abdullah"> Jafri M. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kv1.4 is a Shaker-related member of voltage-gated potassium channel which can be associated with cardiac action potential but can also be found in Schaffer collateral and dentate gyrus. It has two inactivation mechanisms; the fast N-type and slow C-type. Kv1.4 produces rapid current inactivation. This A type potential of Kv1.4 makes it as a target in antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) selection. In this study, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which can be naturally found in bamboo shoots, were tested on its enhancement effect on potassium current of Kv1.4 channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp method. Current obtained were recorded and analyzed with pClamp software whereas statistical analysis were done by student t-test. The ratio of final / peak amplitude is an index of the activity of the Kv1.4 channel. The less the ratio, the greater the function of Kv1.4. The decrease of ratio of which by 1µM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (n= 7), compared with 0.1% DMSO (vehicle), was mean= 47.62%, SE= 13.76%, P= 0.026 (statistically significant). It indicated more opening of Kv1.4 channels under 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. In conclusion, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can enhance the function of Kv1.4 potassium channels, which is regarded as one of the mechanisms of antiepileptic treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title="antiepileptic">antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kv1.4%20potassium%20channel" title=" Kv1.4 potassium channel"> Kv1.4 potassium channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" Xenopus laevis oocytes"> Xenopus laevis oocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-hydroxybenzoic%20acid" title=" 4-hydroxybenzoic acid"> 4-hydroxybenzoic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38142/the-response-of-4-hydroxybenzoic-acid-on-kv14-potassium-channel-subunit-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13151</span> Acceleration of DNA Hybridization Using Electroosmotic Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Hsiang%20Wang">Yun-Hsiang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huai-Yi%20Chen"> Huai-Yi Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kin%20Fong%20Lei"> Kin Fong Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization is a common technique used in genetic assay widely. However, the hybridization ratio and rate are usually limited by the diffusion effect. Here, microfluidic electrode platform producing electroosmosis generated by alternating current signal has been proposed to enhance the hybridization ratio and rate. The electrode was made of aurum fabricated by microfabrication technique. Thiol-modified oligo probe was immobilized on the electrode for specific capture of target, which is modified by fluorescent tag. Alternative electroosmosis can induce local microfluidic vortexes to accelerate DNA hybridization. This study provides a strategy to enhance the rate of DNA hybridization in the genetic assay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20hybridization" title="DNA hybridization">DNA hybridization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroosmosis" title=" electroosmosis"> electroosmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20enhancement" title=" electrical enhancement"> electrical enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridization%20ratio" title=" hybridization ratio"> hybridization ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9637/acceleration-of-dna-hybridization-using-electroosmotic-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13150</span> Performance Analysis of Double Gate FinFET at Sub-10NM Node</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suruchi%20Saini">Suruchi Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitender%20Kumar%20Tyagi"> Hitender Kumar Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid progress of the nanotechnology industry, it is becoming increasingly important to have compact semiconductor devices to function and offer the best results at various technology nodes. While performing the scaling of the device, several short-channel effects occur. To minimize these scaling limitations, some device architectures have been developed in the semiconductor industry. FinFET is one of the most promising structures. Also, the double-gate 2D Fin field effect transistor has the benefit of suppressing short channel effects (SCE) and functioning well for less than 14 nm technology nodes. In the present research, the MuGFET simulation tool is used to analyze and explain the electrical behaviour of a double-gate 2D Fin field effect transistor. The drift-diffusion and Poisson equations are solved self-consistently. Various models, such as Fermi-Dirac distribution, bandgap narrowing, carrier scattering, and concentration-dependent mobility models, are used for device simulation. The transfer and output characteristics of the double-gate 2D Fin field effect transistor are determined at 10 nm technology node. The performance parameters are extracted in terms of threshold voltage, trans-conductance, leakage current and current on-off ratio. In this paper, the device performance is analyzed at different structure parameters. The utilization of the Id-Vg curve is a robust technique that holds significant importance in the modeling of transistors, circuit design, optimization of performance, and quality control in electronic devices and integrated circuits for comprehending field-effect transistors. The FinFET structure is optimized to increase the current on-off ratio and transconductance. Through this analysis, the impact of different channel widths, source and drain lengths on the Id-Vg and transconductance is examined. Device performance was affected by the difficulty of maintaining effective gate control over the channel at decreasing feature sizes. For every set of simulations, the device's features are simulated at two different drain voltages, 50 mV and 0.7 V. In low-power and precision applications, the off-state current is a significant factor to consider. Therefore, it is crucial to minimize the off-state current to maximize circuit performance and efficiency. The findings demonstrate that the performance of the current on-off ratio is maximum with the channel width of 3 nm for a gate length of 10 nm, but there is no significant effect of source and drain length on the current on-off ratio. The transconductance value plays a pivotal role in various electronic applications and should be considered carefully. In this research, it is also concluded that the transconductance value of 340 S/m is achieved with the fin width of 3 nm at a gate length of 10 nm and 2380 S/m for the source and drain extension length of 5 nm, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20on-off%20ratio" title="current on-off ratio">current on-off ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FinFET" title=" FinFET"> FinFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-channel%20effects" title=" short-channel effects"> short-channel effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transconductance" title=" transconductance"> transconductance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172098/performance-analysis-of-double-gate-finfet-at-sub-10nm-node" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13149</span> Record Peak Current Density in AlN/GaN Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes on Free-Standing Gan Substrates by Modulating Barrier Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu">Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Jia%20Yao"> Jia Jia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan%20Lin%20Wu"> Guan Lin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Jie%20Liu"> Ren Jie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuang%20Guo"> Zhuang Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leveraging plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on c-plane free-standing GaN substrates, this work demonstrates high-performance AlN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) featuring stable and repeatable negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics at room temperature. By scaling down the barrier thickness of AlN and the lateral mesa size of collector, a record peak current density of 1551 kA/cm2 is achieved, accompanied by a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 1.24. This can be attributed to the reduced resonant tunneling time under thinner AlN barrier and the suppressed external incoherent valley current by reducing the dislocation number contained in the RTD device with the smaller size of collector. Statistical analysis of the NDR performance of RTD devices with different AlN barrier thicknesses reveals that, as the AlN barrier thickness decreases from 1.5 nm to 1.25 nm, the average peak current density increases from 145.7 kA/cm2 to 1215.1 kA/cm2, while the average PVCR decreases from 1.45 to 1.1, and the peak voltage drops from 6.89 V to 5.49 V. The peak current density obtained in this work represents the highest value reported for nitride-based RTDs to date, while maintaining a high PVCR value simultaneously. This illustrates that an ultra-scaled RTD based on a vertical quantum-well structure and lateral collector size is a valuable approach for the development of nitride-based RTDs with excellent NDR characteristics, revealing their great potential applications in high-frequency oscillation sources and high-speed switch circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN resonant tunneling diode">GaN resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20current%20density" title=" peak current density"> peak current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak-to-valley%20current%20ratio" title=" peak-to-valley current ratio"> peak-to-valley current ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20differential%20resistance" title=" negative differential resistance"> negative differential resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184386/record-peak-current-density-in-alngan-double-barrier-resonant-tunneling-diodes-on-free-standing-gan-substrates-by-modulating-barrier-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13148</span> The Influence of Feedgas Ratio on the Ethene Hydroformylation using Rh-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Supported by Reduced Graphene Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianli%20Chang">Jianli Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusheng%20Zhang"> Yusheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yali%20Yao"> Yali Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Hildebrandt"> Diane Hildebrandt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinying%20Liu"> Xinying Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of feed-gas ratio on the ethene hydroformylation over an Rh-Co bimetallic catalyst supported by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been investigated in a tubular fixed bed reactor. Argon was used as balance gas when the feed-gas ratio was changed, which can keep the partial pressure of the other two kinds of gas constant while the ratio of one component in feed-gas was changed. First, the effect of single-component gas ratio on the performance of ethene hydroformylation was studied one by one (H₂, C₂H₄ and CO). Then an optimized ratio was found to obtain a high selectivity to C₃ oxygenates. The results showed that: (1) 0.5%Rh-20%Co/RGO is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for ethene hydroformylation. (2) H₂ and CO have a more significant influence than C₂H₄ on selectivity to oxygenates. (3) A lower H₂ ratio and a higher CO ratio in feed-gas can lead to a higher selectivity to oxygenates. (4) The highest selectivity to oxygenates, 61.70%, was obtained at the feed-gas ratio CO: C₂H₄: H₂ = 4: 2: 1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethene%20hydroformylation" title="ethene hydroformylation">ethene hydroformylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title=" reduced graphene oxide"> reduced graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodium%20cobalt%20bimetallic%20catalyst" title=" rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst"> rhodium cobalt bimetallic catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20effect%20of%20feed-gas%20ratio" title=" the effect of feed-gas ratio"> the effect of feed-gas ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368/the-influence-of-feedgas-ratio-on-the-ethene-hydroformylation-using-rh-co-bimetallic-catalyst-supported-by-reduced-graphene-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13147</span> Optimization of HfO₂ Deposition of Cu Electrode-Based RRAM Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Hao%20Wang">Min-Hao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Chih%20Chen"> Shih-Chih Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the merits such as simple structure, low power consumption, and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process give an advantage of resistive random access memory (RRAM) as a promising candidate for the next generation memory， hafnium dioxide (HfO2) has been widely studied as an oxide layer material, but the use of copper (Cu) as both top and bottom electrodes has rarely been studied. In this study, radio frequency sputtering was used to deposit the intermediate layer HfO₂, and electron beam evaporation was used. For the upper and lower electrodes (cu), using different AR: O ratios, we found that the control of the metal filament will make the filament widely distributed, causing the current to rise to the limit current during Reset. However, if the flow ratio is controlled well, the ON/OFF ratio can reach 104, and the set voltage is controlled below 3v. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RRAM" title="RRAM">RRAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20filament" title=" metal filament"> metal filament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HfO%E2%82%82" title=" HfO₂"> HfO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%20electrode" title=" Cu electrode"> Cu electrode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183325/optimization-of-hfo2-deposition-of-cu-electrode-based-rram-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13146</span> Approximation of PE-MOCVD to ALD for TiN Concerning Resistivity and Chemical Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Geringswald">D. Geringswald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hintze"> B. Hintze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The miniaturization of circuits is advancing. During chip manufacturing, structures are filled for example by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Since this process reaches its limits in case of very high aspect ratios, the use of alternatives such as the atomic layer deposition (ALD) is possible, requiring the extension of existing coating systems. However, it is an unsolved question to what extent MOCVD can achieve results similar as an ALD process. In this context, this work addresses the characterization of a metal organic vapor deposition of titanium nitride. Based on the current state of the art, the film properties coating thickness, sheet resistance, resistivity, stress and chemical composition are considered. The used setting parameters are temperature, plasma gas ratio, plasma power, plasma treatment time, deposition time, deposition pressure, number of cycles and TDMAT flow. The derived process instructions for unstructured wafers and inside a structure with high aspect ratio include lowering the process temperature and increasing the number of cycles, the deposition and the plasma treatment time as well as the plasma gas ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen (H<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>). In contrast to the current process configuration, the deposited titanium nitride (TiN) layer is more uniform inside the entire test structure. Consequently, this paper provides approaches to employ the MOCVD for structures with increasing aspect ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALD" title="ALD">ALD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title=" high aspect ratio"> high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PE-MOCVD" title=" PE-MOCVD"> PE-MOCVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiN" title=" TiN"> TiN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50360/approximation-of-pe-mocvd-to-ald-for-tin-concerning-resistivity-and-chemical-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13145</span> The Simple Two-Step Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Transferring Process for High Aspect Ratio Microstructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaoxi%20Wang">Shaoxi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Rezai"> Pouya Rezai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High aspect ratio is the necessary parts of complex microstructures. Some methods available to achieve high aspect ratio requires expensive materials or complex process; others is difficult to research simple high aspect ratio structures. The paper presents a simple and cheap two-step Polydimethylsioxane (PDMS) transferring process to get high aspect ratio single pillars, which only requires covering the PDMS mold with Brij@52 surface solution. The experimental results demonstrate the method efficiency and effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title="high aspect ratio">high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brij" title=" Brij"> Brij</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756/the-simple-two-step-polydimethylsiloxane-pdms-transferring-process-for-high-aspect-ratio-microstructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13144</span> Exploring the Effect of Accounting Information on Systematic Risk: An Empirical Evidence of Tehran Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Rezaei">Mojtaba Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Heydari"> Elham Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper highlights the empirical results of analyzing the correlation between accounting information and systematic risk. This association is analyzed among financial ratios and systematic risk by considering the financial statement of 39 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for five years (2014-2018). Financial ratios have been categorized into four groups and to describe the special features, as representative of accounting information we selected: Return on Asset (ROA), Debt Ratio (Total Debt to Total Asset), Current Ratio (current assets to current debt), Asset Turnover (Net sales to Total assets), and Total Assets. The hypotheses were tested through simple and multiple linear regression and T-student test. The findings illustrate that there is no significant relationship between accounting information and market risk. This indicates that in the selected sample, historical accounting information does not fully reflect the price of stocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20information" title="accounting information">accounting information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20risk" title=" market risk"> market risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20risk" title=" systematic risk"> systematic risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20return" title=" stock return"> stock return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20market%20hypothesis" title=" efficient market hypothesis"> efficient market hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMH" title=" EMH"> EMH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran%20stock%20exchange" title=" Tehran stock exchange"> Tehran stock exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TSE" title=" TSE"> TSE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118623/exploring-the-effect-of-accounting-information-on-systematic-risk-an-empirical-evidence-of-tehran-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13143</span> The Road to Tunable Structures: Comparison of Experimentally Characterised and Numerical Modelled Auxetic Perforated Sheet Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthur%20Thirion">Arthur Thirion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Auxetic geometries allow the generation of a negative Poisson ratio (NPR) in conventional materials. This behaviour allows materials to have certain improved mechanical properties, including impact resistance and altered synclastic behaviour. This means these structures have significant potential when it comes to applications as chronic wound dressings. To this end, 6 different "perforated sheet" structure types were 3D printed. These structures all had variations of key geometrical features included cell length and angle. These were tested in compression and tension to assess their Poisson ratio. Both a positive and negative Poisson ratio was generated by the structures depending on the loading. The a/b ratio followed by θ has been shown to impact the Poisson ratio significantly. There is still a significant discrepancy between modelled and observed behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic%20materials" title="auxetic materials">auxetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20Poisson%27s%20ratio" title=" negative Poisson's ratio"> negative Poisson's ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20Poisson%27s%20ratio" title=" tunable Poisson's ratio"> tunable Poisson's ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144046/the-road-to-tunable-structures-comparison-of-experimentally-characterised-and-numerical-modelled-auxetic-perforated-sheet-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13142</span> Double Negative Differential Resistance Features in GaN-Based Bipolar Resonance Tunneling Diodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renjie%20Liu">Renjie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junshuai%20Xue"> Junshuai Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Yao"> Jiajia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanlin%20Wu"> Guanlin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zumao%20L"> Zumao L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueyan%20Yang"> Xueyan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu"> Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuang%20Guo"> Zhuang Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Here, we report the study of the performance of AlN/GaN bipolar resonance tunneling diodes (BRTDs) using numerical simulations. The I-V characteristics of BRTDs show double negative differential resistance regions, which exhibit similar peak current density and peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR). Investigations show that the PVCR can approach 4.6 for the first and 5.75 for the second negative resistance region. The appearance of the two negative differential resistance regions is realized by changing the collector material of conventional GaN RTD to P-doped GaN. As the bias increases, holes in the P-region and electrons in the N-region undergo resonant tunneling, respectively, resulting in two negative resistance regions. The appearance of two negative resistance regions benefits from the high AlN barrier and the precise regulation of the potential well thickness. This result shows the promise of GaN BRTDs in the development of multi-valued logic circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20bipolar%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN bipolar resonant tunneling diode">GaN bipolar resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20negative%20differential%20resistance%20regions" title=" double negative differential resistance regions"> double negative differential resistance regions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20to%20valley%20current%20ratio" title=" peak to valley current ratio"> peak to valley current ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-valued%20logic" title=" multi-valued logic"> multi-valued logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166147/double-negative-differential-resistance-features-in-gan-based-bipolar-resonance-tunneling-diodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13141</span> Electro-Thermal Imaging of Breast Phantom: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Feza%20Carlak">H. Feza Carlak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20Gencer"> N. G. Gencer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To increase the temperature contrast in thermal images, the characteristics of the electrical conductivity and thermal imaging modalities can be combined. In this experimental study, it is objected to observe whether the temperature contrast created by the tumor tissue can be improved just due to the current application within medical safety limits. Various thermal breast phantoms are developed to simulate the female breast tissue. In vitro experiments are implemented using a thermal infrared camera in a controlled manner. Since experiments are implemented in vitro, there is no metabolic heat generation and blood perfusion. Only the effects and results of the electrical stimulation are investigated. Experimental study is implemented with two-dimensional models. Temperature contrasts due to the tumor tissues are obtained. Cancerous tissue is determined using the difference and ratio of healthy and tumor images. 1 cm diameter single tumor tissue causes almost 40 °mC temperature contrast on the thermal-breast phantom. Electrode artifacts are reduced by taking the difference and ratio of background (healthy) and tumor images. Ratio of healthy and tumor images show that temperature contrast is increased by the current application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20diagnostic%20imaging" title="medical diagnostic imaging">medical diagnostic imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20phantom" title=" breast phantom"> breast phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20thermography" title=" active thermography"> active thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20detection" title=" breast cancer detection"> breast cancer detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7912/electro-thermal-imaging-of-breast-phantom-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13140</span> Future trends of MED-TVC Desalination Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Wazeer">Irfan Wazeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desalination has become one of the major water treatment process in several countries around the world where shortage of water is a serious problem. Energy consumption is a vital economic factor in selecting the type of desalination processes because current desalination processes require large amount of energy which is costly. Multi-effect desalination system with thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) is particularly more attractive than other thermal desalination systems due to its low energy consumption. MED-TVC is characterized by high performance ratio (PR), easier operation, low maintenance requirements and simple geometry. These attractive features make MED-TVC highly competitive to other well established desalination techniques that include the reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-stage flash desalination (MSF). The primary goal of this paper is to present a preview of some aspects related with the theory of the technology, parametric study of the MED-TVC systems and its development. It will analyzed the current and future aspects of the MED-TVC technology in view of latest installed plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MED-TVC" title="MED-TVC">MED-TVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20feed" title=" parallel feed"> parallel feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20ratio" title=" performance ratio"> performance ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GOR" title=" GOR"> GOR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37218/future-trends-of-med-tvc-desalination-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13139</span> Enhanced Methane Production from Waste Paper through Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Macroalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Rodriguez">Cristina Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abed%20Alaswad"> Abed Alaswad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20El-Hassan"> Zaki El-Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20G.%20Olabi"> Abdul G. Olabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effect on methane production from the waste paper when co-digested with macroalgal biomass as a source of nitrogen. Both feedstocks were previously mechanically pretreated in order to reduce their particle size. Methane potential assays were carried out at laboratory scale in batch mode for 28 days. The study was planned according to two factors: the feedstock to inoculum (F/I) ratio and the waste paper to macroalgae (WP/MA) ratio. The F/I ratios checked were 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 and the WP/MA ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0. The highest methane yield (608 ml/g of volatile solids (VS)) was achieved at an F/I ratio of 0.2 and a WP/MA ratio of 50:50. The methane yield at a ratio WP/MA of 50:50 is higher than for single compound, while for ratios WP/MA of 25:75 and 75:25 the methane yield decreases compared to biomass mono-digestion. This behavior is observed for the three levels of F/I ratio being more noticeable at F/I ratio of 0.3. A synergistic effect was found for the WP/MA ratio of 50:50 and all F/I ratios and for WP/MA=50:50 and F/I=0.2. A maximum increase of methane yield of 49.58% was found for a co-digestion ratio of 50:50 and an F/I ratio of 0.4. It was concluded that methane production from waste paper improves significantly when co-digested with macroalgae biomass. The methane yields from co-digestion were also found higher that from macroalgae mono-digestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20co-digestion" title="anaerobic co-digestion">anaerobic co-digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroalgae" title=" macroalgae"> macroalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20paper" title=" waste paper"> waste paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64720/enhanced-methane-production-from-waste-paper-through-anaerobic-co-digestion-with-macroalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13138</span> Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium by Application of TiO₂-MgO Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Noe%20Hernandez%20Rodriguez">Eric Noe Hernandez Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Esneider%20Penuela%20Cruz"> Cristian Esneider Penuela Cruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnesium is a biocompatible and biodegradable material that has gained increased interest for application in resorbable orthopedic implants. However, to date, much research is being conducted to overcome the main disadvantage: its low corrosion resistance. In this work, we report our findings on the development and application of TiO₂-MgO coatings to improve and modulate the corrosion resistance of magnesium pieces. The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique was employed to obtain the TiO₂-MgO coatings. The effect of the experimental parameters on the modulation of the TiO₂:MgO ratio was investigated. The most critical parameters were the chemical composition of the precursor electrolytic solution and the current density. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the coatings were porous; however, they become more compact as the current density increases. XRD measurements showed that the coatings are formed by a composite consisting of TiO₂ and MgO oxides, whose ratio can be changed by the experimental conditions. TiO₂ had the anatase crystalline structure, while the MgO had the FCC crystalline structure. The corrosion resistance was evaluated through the corrosion current (Icorr) measured at room temperature by the polarization technique (Tafel). For doing it, Hank's solution was used in order to simulate the body fluids. Also, immersion tests were conducted. Tafel curves showed an improvement of the corrosion resistance at some coated magnesium pieces in contrast to control pieces (uncoated). Corrosion currents were lower, and the corrosion potential changed to positive values. It was observed that the experimental parameters allowed to modulate the protective capacity of the coatings by changing the TiO₂:MgO ratio. Coatings with a higher content of TiO₂ (measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy) showed higher corrosion resistance. Results showed that TiO₂-MgO coatings can be successfully applied to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg pieces in simulated body fluid; even more, the corrosion resistance can be tuned by changing the TiO₂:MgO ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title="biomaterials">biomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEO" title=" PEO"> PEO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20resistance" title=" corrosion resistance"> corrosion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium" title=" magnesium"> magnesium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132727/improving-the-corrosion-resistance-of-magnesium-by-application-of-tio2-mgo-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13137</span> Effect of Si/Al Ratio on SSZ-13 Crystallization and Its Methanol-To-Olefins Catalytic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqiang%20Xu">Zhiqiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfang%20Ma"> Hongfang Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitao%20Zhang"> Haitao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weixin%20Qian"> Weixin Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiyong%20Ying"> Weiyong Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were prepared by varying the composition of aluminosilicate precursor solutions upon hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C. The Si/Al ratio of the initial system was systematically changed from 12.5 to infinity in order to study the limits of Al composition in precursor solutions for constructing CHA structure. The intermediates and final products were investigated by complementary techniques such as XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, and chemical analysis. NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD was used to study the Brønsted acidity of SSZ-13 samples with different Si/Al ratios. The effect of the Si/Al ratio on the precursor species, ultimate crystal size, morphology and yield was investigated. The results revealed that Al species determine the nucleation rate and the number of nuclei, which is tied to the morphology and yield of SSZ-13. The size of SSZ-13 increased and the yield decreased as the Si/Al ratio was improved. Varying Si/Al ratio of the initial system is a facile, commercially viable method of tailoring SSZ-13 crystal size and morphology. Furthermore, SSZ-13 materials with different Si/Al ratio were tested as catalysts for the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction at 350 °C. SSZ-13 with the Si/Al ratio of 35 shows the best MTO catalytic performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title="crystallization">crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTO" title=" MTO"> MTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%2FAl%20ratio" title=" Si/Al ratio"> Si/Al ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSZ-13" title=" SSZ-13"> SSZ-13</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128/effect-of-sial-ratio-on-ssz-13-crystallization-and-its-methanol-to-olefins-catalytic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13136</span> The Determination of Sodium/Potassium Ion Ratio in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in North-Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20D.%20Uzoh">Raymond D. Uzoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20K.%20Shallsuku"> Philip K. Shallsuku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Vaachia"> Christopher S. Vaachia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selected edible leafy vegetables from North-eastern Nigeria were analysed for their sodium and potassium content in mg/100 g and the ratio Na+/K+ worked out. From experimental results, Venonia amydalina (bitter leaf) contained 150 mg (0.15 g) of sodium and 20500 mg (20.5 g) potassium with a ratio of 0.007, Brassica oleracea var capitata (cabbage) contained 300 mg (0.3 g) of sodium and 19000 mg (19 g) of potassium with a ration of 0.012. Others are Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) with 400 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 19500 mg (19.5 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020; Hibiscus sabdriffa (sorrel) has 200 mg (0.2 g) of sodium and 600 mg (0.6 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.300; and Amarantus caudatus (spinach) contained 450 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 23000 mg (23 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020. The presence of sodium and potassium in foods has become increasingly important as recent studies and dietary information gathered in this research has shown that sodium intake is not the sole consideration in elevated blood pressure but its considered as a ratio Na+/K+ fixed at 0.6. This ratio has been found to be a more important factor, suggesting that our diet should contain 67 % more potassium than sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title="vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foods" title=" foods "> foods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091/the-determination-of-sodiumpotassium-ion-ratio-in-selected-edible-leafy-vegetables-in-north-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13135</span> Comparative Study of Arch Bridges with Varying Rise to Span Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Kumar%20Sinha"> Arnab Kumar Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study of Arch bridges based on their varying rise to span ratio. The comparison is done between different steel Arch bridges which have variable span length and rise to span ratio keeping the same support condition. The aim of our present study is to select the optimum value of rise to span ratio of Arch bridge as the cost of the Arch bridge increases with the increasing of the rise. In order to fulfill the objective, several rise to span ratio have been considered for same span of Arch bridge and various structural parameters such as Bending moment, shear force etc have been calculated for different model. A comparative study has been done for several Arch bridges finally to select the optimum rise to span ratio of the Arch bridges. In the present study, Finite Element model for medium to long span, with different rise to span ratio have been modeled and are analyzed with the help of a Computational Software named MIDAS Civil to evaluate the results such as Bending moments, Shear force, displacements, Stresses, influence line diagrams, critical loads. In the present study, 60 models of Arch bridges for 80 to 120 m span with different rise to span ratio has been thoroughly investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch%20bridge" title="arch bridge">arch bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20study" title=" comparative study"> comparative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rise%20to%20span%20ratio" title=" rise to span ratio"> rise to span ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463/comparative-study-of-arch-bridges-with-varying-rise-to-span-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13134</span> The Cut-Off Value of TG/HDL Ratio of High Pericardial Adipose Tissue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam-Seok%20Joo">Nam-Seok Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Da-Eun%20Jung"> Da-Eun Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beom-Hee%20Choi"> Beom-Hee Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Recently, the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotine cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) has gained attention as an indicator related to metabolic syndrome (MS). To date, there has been no research on the relationship between TG/HDL and PAT, we aimed to investigate the association between the TG/HDL and PAT. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 627 patients who underwent coronary multidetector computed tomography and metabolic parameters. We divided subjects into two groups according to the cut-off PAT volume associated with MS, which is 142.2 cm³, and we compared metabolic parameters between those groups. We divided the TG/HDL ratio into tertiles according to Log(TG/HDL) and compared PAT-related parameters by analysis of variance. Finally, we applied logistic regression analysis to obtain the odds ratio of high PAT (PAT volume≥142.2 cm³) in each tertile, and we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to get the cut-off of TG/HDL ratio according to high PAT. Results: The mean TG/ HDL ratio of the high PAT volume group was 3.6, and TG/ HDL ratio had a strong positive correlation with various metabolic parameters. In addition, in the Log (TG/HDL) tertile groups, the higher tertile had more metabolic derangements, including PAT, and showed higher odds ratios of having high PAT (OR=4.10 in the second tertile group and OR=5.06 in their third tertile group, respectively) after age, sex, smoking adjustments. TG/HDL ratio according to the having increased PAT by ROC curve showed 1.918 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: TG/HDL ratio and high PAT volume have a significant positive correlation, and higher TG/HDL ratio showed high PAT. The cut-off value of the TG/HDL ratio was 1.918 to have a high PAT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triglyceride" title="triglyceride">triglyceride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-density%20lipoprotein" title=" high-density lipoprotein"> high-density lipoprotein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pericardial%20adipose%20tissue" title=" pericardial adipose tissue"> pericardial adipose tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut-off%20value" title=" cut-off value"> cut-off value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192981/the-cut-off-value-of-tghdl-ratio-of-high-pericardial-adipose-tissue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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