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id="toc-Portuguese_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Portuguese colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estado_Novo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estado_Novo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Estado Novo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estado_Novo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Human geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Luanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Luanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Metropolitan Luanda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Luanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Places of worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Road transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luanda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 159 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-159" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">159 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8F%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሏንዳ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሏንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لواندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لواندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لوآندا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوآندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="লুয়ান্ডা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ལའུན་ཌ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལའུན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Luanda (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Luanda (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Λουάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luando" title="Luando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لوآندا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوآندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBanda" title="Lûanda – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lûanda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%95%88%EB%8B%A4" title="루안다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루안다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Լուանդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="लुआण्डा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुआण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Луандæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Луандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAanda" title="Lúanda – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lúanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="לואנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwandaa" title="Luwandaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Luwandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ლუანდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwanda" title="Lwanda – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lwanda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louanda" title="Louanda – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Louanda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwanda" title="Lwanda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lwanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1" title="ലുവാൻഡ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലുവാൻഡ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanata" title="Ruanata – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ruanata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="लुआंडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुआंडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ლუანდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لواندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لواندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لوآندا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لوآندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯂꯨꯑꯥꯟꯗꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯨꯑꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လုအန်ဒါမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လုအန်ဒါမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda_(stad)" title="Luanda (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luanda (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ルアンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルアンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda_(Steed)" title="Luanda (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luanda (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲੁਆਂਦਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੁਆਂਦਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لواندا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لواندا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لوآندا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوآندا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F" title="ලොන්ඩා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලොන්ඩා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7" title="لوانڊا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوانڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwanda" title="Luwanda – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luwanda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لواندا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لواندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="லுவாண்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லுவாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ลูอันดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูอันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Луанда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луанда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لواندا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لواندا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لۇئاندا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لۇئاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luand" title="Luand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Luand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE" title="罗安达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗安达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="לואנדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לואנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94" title="羅安達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅安達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE" title="罗安达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗安达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Luanda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3897#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Luanda" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luanda&params=8_50_18_S_13_14_04_E_region:AO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°50′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">13°14′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.83833°S 13.23444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-8.83833; 13.23444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Angola</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luanda&params=8_50_18_S_13_14_04_E_region:AO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°50′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">13°14′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.83833°S 13.23444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-8.83833; 13.23444</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Luanda_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Luanda (disambiguation)">Luanda (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Angola</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Luanda</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/417px-Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/556px-Luanda_Skyline_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Luanda" title="List of tallest buildings in Luanda">Skyline of Luanda</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg/88px-Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg/132px-Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg/176px-Monument_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_in_Luanda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2577" data-file-height="3579" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Unknown Soldier Memorial</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_(19882325368).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg/91px-Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg/137px-Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg/182px-Memorial_Antonio_Agostinho_Neto_%2819882325368%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Agostinho Neto Memorial</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_Building_(19898889148)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/182px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Angola)" title="National Assembly (Angola)">National Assembly</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_(19929834976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/137px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/206px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/274px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Remedies" title="Church of Our Lady of Remedies">Church of Our Lady of Remedies</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg/137px-Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg/206px-Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg/274px-Luanda-SMiguelFort2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" title="Fortress of São Miguel">Fortress of São Miguel</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg/278px-Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg/417px-Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg/556px-Bahia_de_Luanda_-_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Luanda_Bay" title="Luanda Bay">Luanda Bay</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angola_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luanda is located in Angola"><img alt="Luanda is located in Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Angola_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-Angola_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Angola_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-Angola_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Angola_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Angola_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1388" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.905%;left:15.929%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luanda"><img alt="Luanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luanda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Luanda in Angola</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Angola</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luanda is located in Africa"><img alt="Luanda is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.786%;left:46.681%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luanda"><img alt="Luanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luanda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Luanda (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luanda is located in Earth"><img alt="Luanda is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/300px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/450px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/600px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.91%;left:53.676%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luanda"><img alt="Luanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luanda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Luanda (Earth)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Earth</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luanda&params=8_50_18_S_13_14_4_E_region:AO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°50′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">13°14′4″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.83833°S 13.23444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-8.83833; 13.23444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Angola" title="Provinces of Angola">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luanda_Province" title="Luanda Province">Luanda</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">25 January 1576</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">116 km<sup>2</sup> (45 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,876 km<sup>2</sup> (724 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 m (20 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,831,280<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,079,811</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,800/km<sup>2</sup> (13,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Luandan; luandense (Portuguese)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">West Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.697<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFD215">Medium</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Luanda</b> (/luˈændə, -ˈɑːn-/, Portuguese: [luˈɐ̃dɐ]) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Angola" title="List of cities and towns in Angola">largest city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>. It is Angola's primary <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a>, and its major industrial, cultural and urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atlantic coast, Luanda is Angola's <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a>, its chief seaport, and also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Luanda_Province" title="Luanda Province">Luanda Province</a>. Luanda and its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> is the most populous Portuguese-speaking capital city in the world and the most populous <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> city outside <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. In 2020 the population reached more than 8.3 million inhabitants (a third of Angola's population). </p><p>Among the oldest colonial cities of Africa, Luanda was founded in January 1576 as <i>São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda</i> by Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a>, being occasionally called "Leonda" or "St Paul de Leonda" by non-portuguese sources. The city served as the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Angola" title="Slavery in Angola">slave trade</a> to Brazil before the institution was prohibited. </p><p>At the start of the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> in 1975, most of the white Portuguese left as refugees,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> principally migrating to Portugal. Luanda's population increased greatly from internal refugees fleeing the war, but its infrastructure was inadequate to handle the increase. This also caused the exacerbation of slums, or <a href="/wiki/Musseques" class="mw-redirect" title="Musseques">musseques</a>, around Luanda. </p><p>In the 21st century, the city has been undergoing a major reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many new large developments are taking place that will alter its cityscape significantly. </p><p>Industries present in the city include the processing of agricultural products, beverage production, textile, cement, new car assembly plants, construction materials, plastics, metallurgy, cigarettes and shoes. The city is also notable as an economic centre for oil,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a refinery is located in the city. </p><p>Luanda has been ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the world for expatriates.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants of Luanda are mostly members of the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Ambundu" title="Ambundu">Ambundu</a> people. In recent decades of the 21st century, the number of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Bakongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakongo">Bakongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovimbundu" title="Ovimbundu">Ovimbundu</a> have also increased. Ethnic Europeans are mainly Portuguese. </p><p>Luanda was the main host city for the matches of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2010 Africa Cup of Nations">2010 African Cup of Nations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Luanda" title="Timeline of Luanda">Timeline of Luanda</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_colonization">Portuguese colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Portuguese colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_Angola" title="Colonial history of Angola">Colonial history of Angola</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/220px-Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/330px-Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/440px-Museu_Nacional_de_Historia_Militar_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" title="Fortress of São Miguel">São Miguel Fortress</a>, founded in 1576 by <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a>, today hosts the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Angola)" title="Museum of the Armed Forces (Angola)">Armed Forces Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg/220px-Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg/330px-Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg/440px-Cidade_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_da_Assump%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Loanda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3219" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of <i>São Paulo da Assunção de Luanda</i>, 1755.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a> founded Luanda on 25 January 1576<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as "São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda". He had brought one hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. Most of the Portuguese community lived within the fort.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several sources from as early as the 17th century called the city "St. Paul de Leonda".<sup id="cite_ref-IT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZ_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UK_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UK-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1618, the Portuguese built the fortress called <i>Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra</i>, and they subsequently built two more: <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortaleza de São Miguel">Fortaleza de São Miguel</a> (1634) and <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Sao_Francisco_do_Penedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress of Sao Francisco do Penedo">Forte de São Francisco do Penedo</a> (1765–66). Of these, the Fortaleza de São Miguel is the best preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luanda was Portugal's bridgehead from 1627, except during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Dutch rule of Luanda</a>, from 1640 to 1648, as Fort Aardenburgh. The city served as the centre of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Angola" title="Slavery in Angola">slave trade</a> to <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a> from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span> to 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slave trade was conducted mostly with the Portuguese colony of Brazil; Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the port of Luanda. This slave trade also involved local merchants and warriors who profited from the trade.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, no large scale territorial conquest was intended by the Portuguese; only a few minor settlements were established in the immediate hinterland of Luanda, some on the last stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Kwanza_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwanza River">Kwanza River</a>. </p><p>In the 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Imbangala" title="Imbangala">Imbangala</a> became the main rivals of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mbundu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mbundu people">Mbundu</a> in supplying slaves to the Luanda market. In the 1751, between 5,000 and 10,000 slaves were annually sold.<sup id="cite_ref-a_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was in fact like a colony of Brazil, paradoxically another Portuguese colony. A strong degree of Brazilian influence was noted in Luanda until the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">Independence of Brazil</a> in 1822. </p><p>In the 19th century, still under Portuguese rule, Luanda experienced a major economic revolution. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">slave trade</a> was abolished in 1836, and in 1844, Angola's ports were opened to foreign shipping. By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a>, full of trading companies, exporting (together with <a href="/wiki/Benguela" title="Benguela">Benguela</a>) <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">peanut oil</a>, wax, <a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">copal</a>, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, among many other products. Maize, tobacco, <a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">dried meat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava flour</a> are also produced locally. The Angolan bourgeoisie was born by this time.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889, Governor <a href="/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo">Brito Capelo</a> opened the gates of an aqueduct which supplied the city with water, a formerly scarce resource, laying the foundation for major growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estado_Novo">Estado Novo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Estado Novo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luanda,desfilemilitar_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Luanda%2Cdesfilemilitar_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portuguese Armed Forces</a> marching in Luanda during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial Wars</a> (1961–74).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo (Portugal)</a></div> <p>Throughout Portugal's dictatorship, known as the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a>, Luanda grew from a town of 61,208 with 14.6% of those inhabitants being white in 1940, to a wealthy cosmopolitan major city of 475,328 in 1970 with 124,814 Europeans (26.3%) and around 50,000 mixed race inhabitants (10.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like most of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a>, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Cosmopolitan">cosmopolitan</a><sup id="cite_ref-sister_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sister-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> city of Luanda was not affected by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> (1961–1974); economic growth and development in the entire region reached record highs during this period. In 1982, a report called Luanda the "Paris of Africa".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luanda_-_Angola_(6276460346).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg/220px-Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg/330px-Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg/440px-Luanda_-_Angola_%286276460346%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos" title="José Eduardo dos Santos">José Eduardo dos Santos</a> with President of Brazil <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> at the Presidential Palace in 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of <a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan independence</a> in 1975, Luanda was a modern city with the majority of its population being African, but also dominated by a strong minority of white Portuguese origin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> in Lisbon on April 25, 1974, with the advent of independence and the start of the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002), most of the white Portuguese Luandans left as refugees,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> principally for Portugal, however many travelled over land to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/220px-Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/330px-Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/440px-Porto_de_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Luanda is experiencing widespread urban renewal and redevelopment in the 21st century, backed largely by profits from oil and diamond industries.</figcaption></figure> <p>The large numbers of skilled technicians among the force of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> soldiers sent in to support the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (<a href="/wiki/MPLA" title="MPLA">MPLA</a>) government in the Angolan Civil War were able to make a valuable contribution to restoring and maintaining basic services in the city. </p><p>In the following years, however, slums called <i><a href="/wiki/Musseques" class="mw-redirect" title="Musseques">musseques</a></i>—which had existed for decades—began to grow out of proportion and stretched several kilometres beyond Luanda's former city limits as a result of the decades-long civil war, and because of the rise of deep social inequalities due to large-scale migration of civil war refugees from other Angolan regions. For decades, Luanda's facilities were not adequately expanded to handle this huge increase in the city's population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Luanda_Agreement" title="Luanda Agreement">Luanda Agreement</a></div> <p>After 2002, with the end of the civil war and high economic growth rates fuelled by the wealth provided by the increasing oil and diamond production, major reconstruction started.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luanda has also become one of the world's most expensive cities.<sup id="cite_ref-ft_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_Building_(19898889148).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg/220px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg/330px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg/440px-National_Assembly_Building_%2819898889148%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Angola">National Assembly of Angola</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The central government supposedly allocates funds to all regions of the country, but the capital region receives the bulk of these funds. Since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1971–2002), stability has been widespread in the country, and major reconstruction has been going on since 2002 in those parts of the country that were damaged during the civil war. </p><p>Luanda has been of major concern because its population had multiplied and had far outgrown the capacity of the city, especially because much of its infrastructure (water, electricity, roads etc.) had become obsolete and degraded. </p><p>Luanda has been undergoing major road reconstruction in the 21st century, and new highways are planned to improve connections to <a href="/wiki/Cacuaco" title="Cacuaco">Cacuaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viana,_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Viana, Angola">Viana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samba,_Luanda" title="Samba, Luanda">Samba</a>, and the new airport.<sup id="cite_ref-otal.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otal.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major <a href="/wiki/Social_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Social housing">social housing</a> is also being constructed to house those who reside in slums, which dominate the landscape of Luanda. A large Chinese firm has been given a contract to construct the majority of replacement housing in Luanda.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Angolan minister of health recently stated poverty in Angola will be overcome by an increase in jobs and the housing of every citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg/220px-Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg/330px-Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg/440px-Luanda_13.23266E_8.80761S.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the City of Luanda and the <a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Luanda" title="Ilha de Luanda">Ilha de Luanda</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_(cropped)_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_05_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2957" data-file-height="1387" /></a><figcaption>The Bay of Luanda</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG/220px-Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG/330px-Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG/440px-Ilha_de_Luanda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Beach cabanas on <a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Luanda" title="Ilha de Luanda">Ilha de Luanda</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luanda is divided into two parts, the <i>Baixa de Luanda</i> (lower Luanda, the old city) and the <i>Cidade Alta</i> (upper city or the new part). The <i>Baixa de Luanda</i> is situated next to the port, and has narrow streets and old colonial buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, new constructions have by now covered large areas beyond these traditional limits, and a number of previously independent nuclei — like Viana — were incorporated into the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Luanda">Metropolitan Luanda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Luanda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2011, the former Luanda Province comprised what now forms five <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Angola" title="List of municipalities of Angola">municipalities</a>. In 2011 the Province was enlarged by the addition of two additional municipalities transferred from <a href="/wiki/Bengo_Province" title="Bengo Province">Bengo Province</a>, namely Icolo e Bengo, and Quiçama. Excluding these additions, the five municipalities comprise Greater Luanda: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Area in <br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Population<br />Census<br />2014</th> <th>Population<br />Estimate<br />2019<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belas,_Luanda" title="Belas, Luanda">Belas</a></td> <td align="right">1,046</td> <td align="right">1,071,046</td> <td align="right">1,271,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cacuaco" title="Cacuaco">Cacuaco</a></td> <td align="right">312</td> <td align="right">1,077,438</td> <td align="right">1,279,488 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cazenga" title="Cazenga">Cazenga</a></td> <td align="right">37</td> <td align="right">880,639</td> <td align="right">1,045,722 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luanda (city)</td> <td align="right">116</td> <td align="right">2,165,867</td> <td align="right">2,571,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viana,_Luanda" title="Viana, Luanda">Viana</a></td> <td align="right">693</td> <td align="right">1,600,594</td> <td align="right">1,900,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Totals</b></i></td> <td align="right"><i>2,204</i></td> <td align="right"><i>6,795,584</i></td> <td align="right"><i>8,069,613</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two new municipalities have been created within Greater Luanda since 2017: <a href="/wiki/Talatona" title="Talatona">Talatona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilamba-Kiaxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilamba-Kiaxi">Kilamba-Kiaxi</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Districts">Districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miradouro_da_Lua_(Angola).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg/220px-Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg/330px-Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg/440px-Miradouro_da_Lua_%28Angola%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Miradouro da Lua in Samba district</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Luanda is divided in six urban districts: <a href="/wiki/Ingombota" title="Ingombota">Ingombota</a>, Angola Quiluanje, Maianga, Rangel, Samba and Sambizanga. </p><p>In Samba and Sambizanga, more high-rise developments are to be built. The capital Luanda is growing constantly - and in addition, increasingly beyond the official city limits and even provincial boundaries. </p><p>Luanda is the seat of a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> archbishop. It is also the location of most of Angola's educational institutions, including the private <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Angola" title="Catholic University of Angola">Catholic University of Angola</a> and the public <a href="/wiki/University_of_Agostinho_Neto" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Agostinho Neto">University of Agostinho Neto</a>. It is also the home of the colonial Governor's Palace and the <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_da_Cidadela" title="Estádio da Cidadela">Estádio da Cidadela</a> (the "Citadel Stadium"), Angola's main stadium, with a total seating capacity of 60,000.<sup id="cite_ref-zerozero_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zerozero-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luanda has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>BSh</i>), bordering upon a <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate#Hot_desert_climates" title="Desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<i>BWh</i>). The climate is warm to hot but surprisingly dry, owing to the cool <a href="/wiki/Benguela_Current" title="Benguela Current">Benguela Current</a>, which prevents moisture from easily condensing into rain. Frequent fog prevents temperatures from falling at night even during the completely dry months from May to October. Luanda has an annual rainfall of 405 millimetres (15.9 in), but the variability is among the highest in the world, with a co-efficient of variation above 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate is largely influenced by the offshore Benguela current. The current gives the city a surprisingly low humidity despite its tropical latitude, which makes the hotter months considerably more bearable than similar cities in Western/Central Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observed records since 1858 range from 55 millimetres (2.2 in) in 1958 to 851 millimetres (33.5 in) in 1916. The short rainy season in March and April depends on a northerly counter current bringing moisture to the city: it has been shown clearly that weakness in the Benguela Current can increase rainfall about sixfold compared with years when that current is strong.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Luanda (1961-1990, extremes 1879-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">405<br />(16) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.8 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,277.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><sup id="cite_ref-DWD_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<sup id="cite_ref-meteoclimat_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meteoclimat-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2019 paper published in <a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a> estimated that under <a href="/wiki/Representative_Concentration_Pathway#4.5" title="Representative Concentration Pathway">Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5</a>, a "moderate" scenario of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Luanda in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a>. The annual temperature would increase by 0.7 °C (1.3 °F), the temperature of the coldest month by 0.4 °C (0.72 °F), and the temperature of the warmest month by 0.1 °C (0.18 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker" title="Climate Action Tracker">Climate Action Tracker</a>, the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moreover, according to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report" title="IPCC Sixth Assessment Report">IPCC Sixth Assessment Report</a>, Luanda is one of 12 major African cities (<a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a>, Luanda and <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>) which would be the most severely affected by the future <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a>. It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of USD 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and USD 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from <a href="/wiki/Marine_ice_sheet_instability" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine ice sheet instability">marine ice sheet instability</a> at high levels of warming would involve up to 137.5 billion USD in damages, while the additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to USD 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, USD 206 billion for RCP8.5 and USD 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float: right; border:1"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">475,328<sup id="cite_ref-Archived_copy_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archived_copy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 (Census)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,760,439<sup id="cite_ref-Archived_copy_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archived_copy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 (Projection)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,774,200<sup id="cite_ref-Archived_copy_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archived_copy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Angola" title="Demographics of Angola">Demographics of Angola</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_(19929834976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/220px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/330px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg/440px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_dos_Rem%C3%A9dios_%2819929834976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Remedies" title="Church of Our Lady of Remedies">Luanda Cathedral</a> was built in 1628</figcaption></figure> <p>The inhabitants of Luanda are primarily members of African ethnic groups, mainly <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mbundu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mbundu people">Ambundu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovimbundu" title="Ovimbundu">Ovimbundu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bakongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakongo">Bakongo</a>. The official and the most widely used language is <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, although several <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a> are also used, chiefly <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kikongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo">Kikongo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Luanda has grown dramatically in recent years, due in large part to war-time migration to the city, which is safe compared to the rest of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, however, Luanda saw an increase in violent crime, particularly in the shanty towns that surround the colonial urban core.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a sizable minority population of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> origin, especially <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> (about 260,000), as well as <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian people">Brazilians</a>. In recent years, mainly since the mid-2000s, immigration from Portugal has increased due to greater opportunities present in Angola's booming economy.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a sprinkling of immigrants from other African countries as well, including a small expatriate <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> community. A small number of people of Luanda are of mixed race — European/Portuguese and native African. Over the last decades, a significant <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> community has formed, as has a much smaller <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> community.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_(19307975263).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg/220px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg/330px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg/440px-Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9_%2819307975263%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9" title="Nossa Senhora da Nazaré">N. Sra. da Nazaré Church</a>, b. 1664</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Places of worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>, several are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches and congregations:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Luanda" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Congregational_Church_in_Angola" title="Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola">Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Angola" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Angola">Evangelical Reformed Church in Angola</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Angola" title="Baptist Convention of Angola">Baptist Convention of Angola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliance" title="Baptist World Alliance">Baptist World Alliance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>.</li> <li>Jehovah’s Witnesses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nzingambande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nzingambande.jpg/170px-Nzingambande.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nzingambande.jpg/255px-Nzingambande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nzingambande.jpg/340px-Nzingambande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba" title="Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba">Queen Nzinga</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_(Angola)" title="Museu Nacional de Antropologia (Angola)">National Museum of Anthropology</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_da_Escravatura_(Luanda,_Angola)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Museu_da_Escravatura_%28Luanda%2C_Angola%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Slavery_(Angola)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Slavery (Angola)">National Museum of Slavery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As the economic and political center of Angola, Luanda is similarly the epicenter of Angolan culture. The city is home to numerous cultural institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Sindika_Dokolo_Foundation" title="Sindika Dokolo Foundation">Sindika Dokolo Foundation</a>. </p><p>The city hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Luanda_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Luanda International Jazz Festival">Luanda International Jazz Festival</a>, since 2009. </p><p>The city is home to numerous museums, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Antropologia_(Angola)" title="Museu Nacional de Antropologia (Angola)">National Museum of Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Hist%C3%B3ria_Natural_de_Angola" title="Museu Nacional de História Natural de Angola">National Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Angola)" title="Museum of the Armed Forces (Angola)">Museum of the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Slavery_(Angola)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Slavery (Angola)">National Museum of Slavery</a></li></ul> <p>Other monuments in the city include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_de_Ferro" title="Palácio de Ferro">Palácio de Ferro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" title="Fortress of São Miguel">Fortress of São Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_do_Penedo" title="Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo">Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Remedies" title="Church of Our Lady of Remedies">Luanda Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Jesus_(Luanda)" title="Igreja de Jesus (Luanda)">Igreja de Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_da_Nossa_Senhora_do_Cabo" title="Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Cabo">Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Cabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(Luanda)" title="Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Luanda)">Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Conceição</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9" title="Nossa Senhora da Nazaré">Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Nazaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Carmo" title="Nossa Senhora do Carmo">Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Carmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquivo_Hist%C3%B3rico_Nacional_(Angola)" title="Arquivo Histórico Nacional (Angola)">Arquivo Histórico Nacional</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Angola" title="Economy of Angola">Economy of Angola</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg/220px-Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg/330px-Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg/440px-Cidade_Financeira_de_Luanda_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><i>Cidade Financeira de Luanda</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Marginal_Avenida_4_de_Fevreiro_Luanda_March_2013_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>High rises in downtown Luanda</figcaption></figure> <p>Around one-third of Angolans live in Luanda, 53% of whom live in poverty. Living conditions in Luanda are poor for most of the people, with essential services such as safe drinking water and electricity still in short supply, and severe shortcomings in traffic conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luanda is one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees" title="List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees">most expensive</a> cities for resident foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mercer’s cost of living index, Luanda was ranked as top of the list due to the extremely high costs of goods and security. Luanda sits above <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> in the rankings. These costs have fueled rampant inequality in the city. Skyscrapers are left barren as the price of oil drops.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/220px-Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/330px-Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg/440px-Marginal_Promenade_in_Luanda_-_Angola_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>Marginal</i> promenade along the bay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG/220px-Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG/330px-Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG/440px-Rua_Kwame_Nkrumah_Luanda_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Tower on <i>Rua Kwame Nkrumah</i></figcaption></figure> <p>New import tariffs imposed in March 2014 made Luanda even more expensive. As an example, a half-litre tub of vanilla ice cream at the supermarket was reported to cost US$31. The higher import tariffs applied to hundreds of items, from garlic to cars. The stated aim was to try to diversify the heavily oil-dependent economy and nurture farming and industry, sectors that have remained weak. These tariffs have caused much hardship in a country where the average salary was US$260 per month in 2010, the latest year for which data was available. However, the average salary in the booming oil industry was over 20 times higher at US$5,400 per month.<sup id="cite_ref-www.independent.co.uk_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.independent.co.uk-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manufacturing includes <a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">processed foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">beverages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a> and other building materials, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> products, metalware, <a href="/wiki/Cigarette" title="Cigarette">cigarettes</a>, and shoes/clothes. <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> (found in nearby off-shore deposits) is refined in the city, although this facility was repeatedly damaged during the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> of 1975–2002. Luanda has an excellent natural harbour; the chief exports are <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city also has a thriving building industry, an effect of the nationwide economic boom experienced since 2002, when political stability returned with the end of the civil war. Economic growth is largely supported by <a href="/wiki/Oil_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil extraction">oil extraction</a> activities, although great <a href="/wiki/Economic_diversification" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic diversification">diversification</a> is taking place. Large <a href="/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)" title="Investment (macroeconomics)">investment</a> (domestic and international), along with strong economic growth, has dramatically increased construction of all economic sectors in the city of Luanda.<sup id="cite_ref-economist.com_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist.com-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the first modern shopping mall in Angola was established in the city at <a href="/wiki/Belas_Shopping" title="Belas Shopping">Belas Shopping</a> mall.<sup id="cite_ref-angonot_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angonot-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_(19728280430).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg/220px-Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg/330px-Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg/440px-Terminal_Mar%C3%ADtimo_de_Passageiros_%2819728280430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Luanda" title="Port of Luanda">Port of Luanda</a> administration</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luanda is the starting point of the <a href="/wiki/Luanda_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Luanda railway">Luanda railway</a> that goes due east to Malanje. The <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">civil war</a> left the railway non-functional, but the railway has been restored up to <a href="/wiki/Dondo,_Angola" title="Dondo, Angola">Dondo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malanje" title="Malanje">Malanje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg/220px-NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg/330px-NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg/440px-NAIL_Airside_View_of_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angola_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Angola International Airport">Angola International Airport</a>, Luanda</figcaption></figure> <p>The main airport of Luanda was <a href="/wiki/Quatro_de_Fevereiro_Airport" title="Quatro de Fevereiro Airport">Quatro de Fevereiro Airport</a>, which is still the largest in the country. A new <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Angola International Airport">Angola International Airport</a> was constructed southeast of the city, a few kilometres from <a href="/wiki/Viana,_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Viana, Angola">Viana</a>, and was expected to be opened in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the Angolan government did not continue to make the payments due to the Chinese enterprise in charge of the construction, the firm suspended its work in 2010. The airport finally opened in November 2023. The new airport will gradually replace the old airport.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Luanda" title="Port of Luanda">Port of Luanda</a> serves as the largest <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> of <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and is one of the busiest ports in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major expansion of this port is also taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, a new port is being developed at <a href="/wiki/Dande" title="Dande">Dande</a>, about 30 km to the north. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_(8222830395).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg/220px-First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg/330px-First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg/440px-First_WAFMAX_in_Angola_2_%288222830395%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Luanda" title="Port of Luanda">Port of Luanda</a> is one of the busiest ports in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Road transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luanda's roads are in a poor state of repair, but are undergoing an extensive reconstruction process by the government in order to relieve <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic</a> congestion in the city. Major road repairs can be found taking place in nearly every neighbourhood, including a major 6-lane <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a> connected Luanda to <a href="/wiki/Viana,_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Viana, Angola">Viana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public transit is provided by the suburban services of the <a href="/wiki/Luanda_Railway" title="Luanda Railway">Luanda Railway</a>, by the public company <a href="/wiki/Transporte_Colectivo_Urbano_de_Luanda" title="Transporte Colectivo Urbano de Luanda">TCUL</a>, and by a large fleet of privately owned collective taxis as white-blue painted minibuses called <i>Candongueiro</i>. Candongueiros are usually <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Hiace" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Hiace">Toyota Hiace</a> vans, that are built to carry 12 people, although the candongueiros usually carry at least 15 people. They charge from 100 to 200 kwanzas per trip. They are known to disobey traffic rules, for example not stopping at signs and driving over pavements and aisles. </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Luanda_Light_Rail" title="Luanda Light Rail">Luanda Light Rail</a> network with an estimated cost of <a href="/wiki/U.S._dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. dollar">US $</a>3 billion was announced to begin construction in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda,_Angola_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lyceum_Salvador_Correia_in_Luanda%2C_Angola_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magist%C3%A9rio_Mutu-ya-Kevela" class="extiw" title="pt:Magistério Mutu-ya-Kevela">Mutu-ya Kevela Prep. School</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_campus_(6177681401)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-New_campus_%286177681401%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3251" data-file-height="2331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto_University" title="Agostinho Neto University">Agostinho Neto University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>International schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escola_Portuguesa_de_Luanda" title="Escola Portuguesa de Luanda">Escola Portuguesa de Luanda</a></li> <li>Colégio Português de Luanda</li> <li>Colégio São Francisco de Assis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda_International_School" title="Luanda International School">Luanda International School</a></li> <li>English School Community of Luanda</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Universities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto_University" title="Agostinho Neto University">Agostinho Neto University</a></li> <li>Lusíada University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Angola" title="Catholic University of Angola">Catholic University of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Angola" title="Technical University of Angola">Technical University of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_University_of_Angola" title="Methodist University of Angola">Methodist University of Angola</a></li> <li>Private University of Angola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget_University_of_Angola" title="Jean Piaget University of Angola">Jean Piaget University of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Luanda" title="University of Luanda">University of Luanda</a></li> <li>Universidade Indepedente de Angola</li> <li>Higher Institute of Education Sciences of the Luanda</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg/220px-Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg/330px-Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg/440px-Estadio-11Nov-Luanda_03_linke-Seite-Bogen_LWS-2011-08-NC_0991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_11_de_Novembro" title="Estádio 11 de Novembro">Estádio 11 de Novembro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Luanda's <a href="/wiki/Pavilh%C3%A3o_Multiusos_do_Kilamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilhão Multiusos do Kilamba">Pavilhão Multiusos do Kilamba</a> hosted games for <a href="/wiki/Angola%27s_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Angola's national basketball team">Angola's national basketball team</a> on many occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 Luanda together with Namibe, today's <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7%C3%A2medes" title="Moçâmedes">Moçâmedes</a>, hosted the <a href="/wiki/2013_FIRS_Men%27s_Roller_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2013 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup">2013 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup</a>, the first time that a World Cup of <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">roller hockey</a> was held in Africa. The city is home to the Desportivo do Bengo football club. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Angola" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa">List of twin towns and sister cities in Angola</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Luanda" title="Special:EditPage/Luanda">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Luanda is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-São_Paulo_twinnings_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-São_Paulo_twinnings-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-São_Paulo_WikiSource_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-São_Paulo_WikiSource-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lisbon_twinnings_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisbon_twinnings-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lisbon_twinnings_2_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisbon_twinnings_2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, Macau</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tahoua" title="Tahoua">Tahoua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porto_International_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto_International-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Associação_Porto_Digital_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Associação_Porto_Digital-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a>, Angola</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Instituto Nacional de Estatística, República de Angola.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypopulation.de/php/angola-admin.php">"Angola: Administrative Division (Provinces and Municipalities) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142147/http://citypopulation.de/php/angola-admin.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angola%3A+Administrative+Division+%28Provinces+and+Municipalities%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fangola-admin.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span> Citypopulation reporting on Instituto Nacional de Estatística, República de Angola (web) projection July 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12079340">Flight from Angola</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723131954/http://www.economist.com/node/12079340?story_id=12079340">Archived</a> 2013-07-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> (August 16, 1975).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420082038/http://www.angola-today.com/tourism/destinations/luanda/">"Luanda - Angola Today"</a>. <i>Angola Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angola-today.com/tourism/destinations/luanda/">the original</a> on 2017-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angola+Today&rft.atitle=Luanda+-+Angola+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angola-today.com%2Ftourism%2Fdestinations%2Fluanda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian_Staff2019" class="citation news cs1">Guardian Staff (2019-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jan/22/after-the-oil-boom-luanda-faces-stark-inequality-photo-essay">"After the oil boom: Luanda faces stark inequality – photo essay"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615045024/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jan/22/after-the-oil-boom-luanda-faces-stark-inequality-photo-essay">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=After+the+oil+boom%3A+Luanda+faces+stark+inequality+%E2%80%93+photo+essay&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=Guardian+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2019%2Fjan%2F22%2Fafter-the-oil-boom-luanda-faces-stark-inequality-photo-essay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpecter2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Specter, Michael (2015-05-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/01/extreme-city-specter">"Luxury Living in a Failed State"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109003719/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/01/extreme-city-specter">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Luxury+Living+in+a+Failed+State&rft.date=2015-05-25&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Specter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2015%2F06%2F01%2Fextreme-city-specter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40346559">"Luanda most expensive city for expats"</a>. 2017-06-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223013451/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40346559">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Luanda+most+expensive+city+for+expats&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-40346559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeild2018" class="citation web cs1">Neild, Barry (2018-06-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/most-expensive-cities-expats-2018/index.html">"Most expensive city for expats revealed"</a>. <i>CNN Travel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530220607/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/most-expensive-cities-expats-2018/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Travel&rft.atitle=Most+expensive+city+for+expats+revealed&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft.aulast=Neild&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fmost-expensive-cities-expats-2018%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitão" class="citation web cs1">Leitão, José. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/4910/1/LS_S2_05_JoseADLeitao.pdf">"A Missão no Reino de Angola"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131222233/https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/4910/1/LS_S2_05_JoseADLeitao.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Miss%C3%A3o+no+Reino+de+Angola&rft.aulast=Leit%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.ucp.pt%2Fbitstream%2F10400.14%2F4910%2F1%2FLS_S2_05_JoseADLeitao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IT_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almamater.uc.pt/bib-geral/nabaisconde/item/44369">"Carta particolare che comincia con l'Isola di S:Tomaso ò Tome è c:d'S:Clara è finisce con il c:d'Aldeas: la longitudine comincia da i'isola di Pico d'Asores di Europa Carta VIII. Lº6º"</a>. <i>am.uc.pt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=am.uc.pt&rft.atitle=Carta+particolare+che+comincia+con+l%27Isola+di+S%3ATomaso+%C3%B2+Tome+%C3%A8+c%3Ad%27S%3AClara+%C3%A8+finisce+con+il+c%3Ad%27Aldeas%3A+la+longitudine+comincia+da+i%27isola+di+Pico+d%27Asores+di+Europa+Carta+VIII.+L%C2%BA6%C2%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falmamater.uc.pt%2Fbib-geral%2Fnabaisconde%2Fitem%2F44369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NOT18670409.2.10">"BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)"</a>. <i>Papers Past</i>. National Library of New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Papers+Past&rft.atitle=BY+ELECTRIC+TELEGRAPH.+%28FROM+OUR+OWN+CORRESPONDENT.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNOT18670409.2.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UK_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/dbc/1.0346007#p0z-1r0f:leonda">"Daily British Columbian"</a>. <i>UBC Library Open Collections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UBC+Library+Open+Collections&rft.atitle=Daily+British+Columbian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.library.ubc.ca%2Fviewer%2Fdbc%2F1.0346007%23p0z-1r0f%3Aleonda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225142326/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/remainP.html">"Portuguese Colonial Remains"</a>. Colonialvoyage.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialvoyage.com/remainP.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Colonial+Remains&rft.pub=Colonialvoyage.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialvoyage.com%2FremainP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Joseph Miller, <i>Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade</i>, London & Madison/Wis, : James Currey & University of Wisconsin Press, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050122054905/http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=13661080113274"><i>João C. Curto. Álcool e Escravos: O Comércio Luso-Brasileiro do Álcool em Mpinda, Luanda e Benguela durante o Tráfico Atlântico de Escravos (c. 1480-1830) e o Seu Impacto nas Sociedades da África Central Ocidental. Translated by Márcia Lameirinhas. Tempos e Espaços Africanos Series, vol. 3. Lisbon: Editora Vulgata</i></a>. H-net.org. 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-972-8427-24-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-972-8427-24-5"><bdi>978-972-8427-24-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=13661080113274">the original</a> on 2005-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jo%C3%A3o+C.+Curto.+%C3%81lcool+e+Escravos%3A+O+Com%C3%A9rcio+Luso-Brasileiro+do+%C3%81lcool+em+Mpinda%2C+Luanda+e+Benguela+durante+o+Tr%C3%A1fico+Atl%C3%A2ntico+de+Escravos+%28c.+1480-1830%29+e+o+Seu+Impacto+nas+Sociedades+da+%C3%81frica+Central+Ocidental.+Translated+by+M%C3%A1rcia+Lameirinhas.+Tempos+e+Espa%C3%A7os+Africanos+Series%2C+vol.+3.+Lisbon%3A+Editora+Vulgata&rft.pub=H-net.org&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-972-8427-24-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2Freviews%2Fshowrev.cgi%3Fpath%3D13661080113274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNjoku1997" class="citation book cs1">Njoku, Onwuka N. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mbundu00njok"><i>Mbundu</i></a></span>. Rosen Pub. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mbundu00njok/page/38">38–39</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823920044" title="Special:BookSources/9780823920044"><bdi>9780823920044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mbundu&rft.pages=38-39&rft.pub=Rosen+Pub.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780823920044&rft.aulast=Njoku&rft.aufirst=Onwuka+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmbundu00njok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angolaeg.net/">"Angola Embassy in Cairo"</a>. <i>www.angolaeg.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604225442/https://www.angolaeg.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.angolaeg.net&rft.atitle=Angola+Embassy+in+Cairo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angolaeg.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFangolaPT2008" class="citation web cs1">angolaPT (3 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsD7bjz6ILY">"Angola antes da Guerra (Parte 2)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519222311/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsD7bjz6ILY">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angola+antes+da+Guerra+%28Parte+2%29&rft.date=2008-12-03&rft.au=angolaPT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRsD7bjz6ILY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sister-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sister_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223020811/http://www.pbh.gov.br/bh-internacional/bhz-acordos_irmas.htm">"Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program"</a>. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbh.gov.br/bh-internacional/bhz-acordos_irmas.htm">the original</a> on 2007-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor%27s+International+Council+Sister+Cities+Program&rft.pub=Belo+Horizonte%2C+Minas+Gerais&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbh.gov.br%2Fbh-internacional%2Fbhz-acordos_irmas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/12009946?story_id=12009946">The Economist: Marching towards riches and democracy?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920042156/http://www.economist.com/node/12009946?story_id=12009946">Archived</a> 2011-09-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> August 28, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ft_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/505424e6-1455-11e5-9bc5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3d7FKVaI7">"Tokyo falls out of top 10 most expensive cities - FT.com"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. ft.com. 16 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210201209/https://www.ft.com/content/505424e6-1455-11e5-9bc5-00144feabdc0#axzz3d7FKVaI7">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Tokyo+falls+out+of+top+10+most+expensive+cities+-+FT.com&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F505424e6-1455-11e5-9bc5-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz3d7FKVaI7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-otal.com-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-otal.com_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618063941/http://www.otal.com/angola/">"OT Africa Line - Angola"</a>. Otal.com. 2004-07-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otal.com/angola/">the original</a> on 2009-06-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OT+Africa+Line+-+Angola&rft.pub=Otal.com&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otal.com%2Fangola%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618232837/http://www.chinainternationalfund.com/projects1.asp?Id=287">"China International Fund Limited"</a>. Chinainternationalfund.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+International+Fund+Limited&rft.pub=Chinainternationalfund.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinainternationalfund.com%2Fprojects1.asp%3FId%3D287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/pt_pt/noticias/economia/Pobreza-sera-combatida-com-emprego-habitacoes-sociais-diz-ministro-adjunto,d4542ae2-820b-4c6b-bdee-85dc280983b5.html">"Angola Press - Economia - Pobreza será combatida com emprego e habitações sociais, diz ministro-adjunto do PM"</a>. Portalangop.co.ao. 2010-05-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110125155231/http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/pt_pt/noticias/economia/Pobreza-sera-combatida-com-emprego-habitacoes-sociais-diz-ministro-adjunto,d4542ae2-820b-4c6b-bdee-85dc280983b5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angola+Press+-+Economia+-+Pobreza+ser%C3%A1+combatida+com+emprego+e+habita%C3%A7%C3%B5es+sociais%2C+diz+ministro-adjunto+do+PM&rft.pub=Portalangop.co.ao&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portalangop.co.ao%2Fmotix%2Fpt_pt%2Fnoticias%2Feconomia%2FPobreza-sera-combatida-com-emprego-habitacoes-sociais-diz-ministro-adjunto%2Cd4542ae2-820b-4c6b-bdee-85dc280983b5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpl.gv.ao/Revista/VIAS%20DE%20LUANDA%20-%20Relat%C3%B3rio%20de%20Actividades%20n%C2%BA29%20-%20NOVEMBRO%20e%20DEZEom">MBRO%20de%202010.pdf Streets of Luanda from the Luanda Provincial Government website</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> new pictures from Luanda City (Portuguese)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zerozero-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zerozero_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zerozero.pt/estadio.php?id=1064">"Estádio da Cidadela"</a>. zerozero.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504213205/http://www.zerozero.pt/estadio.php?id=1064">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-05-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Est%C3%A1dio+da+Cidadela&rft.pub=zerozero.pt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zerozero.pt%2Festadio.php%3Fid%3D1064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dewar, Robert E. and Wallis, James R; "Geographical patterning in interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach"; in <i>Journal of Climate</i>, 12; pp. 3457–3466</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitafrica.site/cities/experience-luanda/">"Visit Luanda, Angola"</a>. <i>visitafrica.site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421003943/https://visitafrica.site/luanda.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitafrica.site&rft.atitle=Visit+Luanda%2C+Angola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitafrica.site%2Fcities%2Fexperience-luanda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltoafrica.info/chuva-em-luanda-angola.html">Video from heavy rain falls in Luanda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120727171345/http://traveltoafrica.info/chuva-em-luanda-angola.html">Archived</a> 2012-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> December 28, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_661600_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Luanda, Prov. Luanda / Angola"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world</i> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512103602/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_661600_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+future%3A+visualizing+climate+change+to+inspire+action&rft.pages=Current+vs.+future+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrowtherlab.pageflow.io%2Fcities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/">"The CAT Thermometer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414131223/https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Business+Central+-+Top+Eight+Busiest+Ports+in+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanbusinesscentral.com%2F2015%2F06%2F20%2Fthe-top-eight-busiest-ports-in-africa-photos-and-infographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottwilson.com/projects/transportation/maritime/luanda_oil_service_centre.aspx">Scott Wilson projects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304134946/http://www.scottwilson.com/projects/transportation/maritime/luanda_oil_service_centre.aspx">Archived</a> March 4, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204061717/https://www.africanbusinesscentral.com/2015/06/20/the-top-eight-busiest-ports-in-africa-photos-and-infographic/">"African Business Central - Top Eight Busiest Ports in Africa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanbusinesscentral.com/2015/06/20/the-top-eight-busiest-ports-in-africa-photos-and-infographic/">the original</a> on 2020-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Business+Central+-+Top+Eight+Busiest+Ports+in+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanbusinesscentral.com%2F2015%2F06%2F20%2Fthe-top-eight-busiest-ports-in-africa-photos-and-infographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200808180008.html">"Angola: Part of Luanda's Highway Complete By December"</a>. allAfrica.com. 2008-08-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091004173236/http://allafrica.com/stories/200808180008.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Angola%3A+Part+of+Luanda%27s+Highway+Complete+By+December&rft.pub=allAfrica.com&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F200808180008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macauhub.com.mo/en/2019/11/06/pt-metro-de-superficie-de-luanda-vai-custar-3000-milhoes-de-dolares/">"Luanda surface light rail system will cost US$3 billion – Macauhub"</a>. <i>Macauhub</i>. 6 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macauhub&rft.atitle=Luanda+surface+light+rail+system+will+cost+US%243+billion+%E2%80%93+Macauhub&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacauhub.com.mo%2Fen%2F2019%2F11%2F06%2Fpt-metro-de-superficie-de-luanda-vai-custar-3000-milhoes-de-dolares%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas">"Getting to know Africa's flashy basketball arenas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FIBA" title="FIBA">FIBA</a></i>. 2 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107193242/https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FIBA&rft.atitle=Getting+to+know+Africa%27s+flashy+basketball+arenas&rft.date=2019-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiba.basketball%2Fnews%2Fgetting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/sistercities.html">"Sister Cities"</a>. <i>www.houstontx.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919143424/http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/sistercities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.houstontx.gov&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fabouthouston%2Fsistercities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-São_Paulo_twinnings-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-São_Paulo_twinnings_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018123138/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000">"Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal - No 14471"</a> [Research Municipal Legislation - No 14471]. <i>Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo [Municipality of the City of São Paulo]</i> (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000">the original</a> on 2011-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prefeitura+da+Cidade+de+S%C3%A3o+Paulo+%5BMunicipality+of+the+City+of+S%C3%A3o+Paulo%5D&rft.atitle=Pesquisa+de+Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Municipal+-+No+14471&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br%2Fcadlem%2Fsecretarias%2Fnegocios_juridicos%2Fcadlem%2Fintegra.asp%3Falt%3D11072007L%2520144710000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-São_Paulo_WikiSource-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-São_Paulo_WikiSource_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Lei_Municipal_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_14471_de_2007">Lei Municipal de São Paulo 14471 de 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928023927/http://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Lei_Municipal_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_14471_de_2007">Archived</a> 2013-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> WikiSource <span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lisbon_twinnings-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lisbon_twinnings_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100">"Lisboa - Geminações de Cidades e Vilas"</a> [Lisbon - Twinning of Cities and Towns]. <i>Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities]</i> (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais">the original</a> on 2013-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Camara+Municipal+de+Lisboa&rft.atitle=Acordos+de+Gemina%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+de+Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e%2Fou+Amizade+da+Cidade+de+Lisboa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-lisboa.pt%2Fmunicipio%2Frelacoes-internacionais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712203757/https://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M4000">"Geminações de Cidades e Vilas"</a>. <i>www.anmp.pt</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M4000">the original</a> on 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.anmp.pt&rft.atitle=Gemina%C3%A7%C3%B5es+de+Cidades+e+Vilas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anmp.pt%2Fanmp%2Fpro%2Fmun1%2Fgem101l0.php%3Fcod_ent%3DM4000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porto_International-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Porto_International_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113054303/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf">"International Relations of the City of Porto"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">©</a> 2006–2009 Municipal Directorateofthe PresidencyServices InternationalRelationsOffice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Relations+of+the+City+of+Porto&rft.pub=%C2%A9+2006%E2%80%932009+Municipal+Directorateofthe+PresidencyServices+InternationalRelationsOffice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-porto.pt%2Fdocument%2F449218%2F481584.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Associação_Porto_Digital-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Associação_Porto_Digital_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociação_Porto_Digital" class="citation web cs1">Associação Porto Digital. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?sid=cmp.sections/521">"C.M. Porto"</a>. Cm-porto.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515093608/http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?sid=cmp.sections%2F521">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.M.+Porto&rft.pub=Cm-porto.pt&rft.au=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Porto+Digital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-porto.pt%2Fgen.pl%3Fsid%3Dcmp.sections%2F521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Luanda#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Luanda">Bibliography of the history of Luanda</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanda&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Luanda</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Luanda">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Luanda" class="extiw" title="c:Luanda">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Luanda">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Luanda">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Luanda">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Luanda">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luanda" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Luanda">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Luanda" class="extiw" title="voy:Luanda">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Luanda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Luanda">Luanda</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626051415/http://www.portalluanda.com/">Portal da Cidade de Luanda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050514015807/http://www.cidadeluanda.com/">www.cidadeluanda.com - Luanda, city map, History, Photos</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Municipalities_of_Angola" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Angola" title="Template:Municipalities of Angola"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Angola" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Angola"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Angola" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Angola"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Municipalities_of_Angola" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Angola" title="List of municipalities of Angola">Municipalities of Angola</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bengo_Province" title="Bengo Province">Bengo Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambriz" title="Ambriz">Ambriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bula_Atumba" title="Bula Atumba">Bula Atumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dande" title="Dande">Dande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dembos" title="Dembos">Dembos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambuangongo" title="Nambuangongo">Nambuangongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pango_Aluqu%C3%A9m" title="Pango Aluquém">Pango Aluquém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benguela_Province" title="Benguela Province">Benguela Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C3%ADa_Farta" title="Baía Farta">Baía Farta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balombo" title="Balombo">Balombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguela" title="Benguela">Benguela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocoio" title="Bocoio">Bocoio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caimbambo" title="Caimbambo">Caimbambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catumbela" title="Catumbela">Catumbela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongor%C3%B3i" title="Chongorói">Chongorói</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubal" title="Cubal">Cubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganda,_Angola" title="Ganda, Angola">Ganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobito" title="Lobito">Lobito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9_Province" title="Bié Province">Bié Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andulo" title="Andulo">Andulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunhinga" title="Cunhinga">Cunhinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinguar" title="Chinguar">Chinguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitembo" title="Chitembo">Chitembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catabola" title="Catabola">Catabola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camacupa" title="Camacupa">Camacupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuemba" title="Cuemba">Cuemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%ADto" title="Cuíto">Cuíto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nharea" title="Nharea">Nharea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Cabinda Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize,_Angola" title="Belize, Angola">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buco-Zau" title="Buco-Zau">Buco-Zau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_(city)" title="Cabinda (city)">Cabinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacongo" title="Cacongo">Cacongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuando_Cubango_Province" title="Cuando Cubango Province">Cuando Cubango Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calai" title="Calai">Calai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuito_Cuanavale" title="Cuito Cuanavale">Cuito Cuanavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuangar" title="Cuangar">Cuangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuchi" title="Cuchi">Cuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirico" title="Dirico">Dirico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longa,_Angola" title="Longa, Angola">Longa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavinga" title="Mavinga">Mavinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menongue" title="Menongue">Menongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancova" title="Nancova">Nancova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivungo" title="Rivungo">Rivungo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuanza_Norte_Province" title="Cuanza Norte Province">Cuanza Norte Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambaca" title="Ambaca">Ambaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banga,_Angola" title="Banga, Angola">Banga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolongongo" title="Bolongongo">Bolongongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazengo" title="Cazengo">Cazengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambambe" title="Cambambe">Cambambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golungo_Alto" title="Golungo Alto">Golungo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucala" title="Lucala">Lucala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngonguembo" title="Ngonguembo">Ngonguembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiculungo" title="Quiculungo">Quiculungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_Caj%C3%BA" title="Samba Cajú">Samba Cajú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuanza_Sul_Province" title="Cuanza Sul Province">Cuanza Sul Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Amboim" title="Porto Amboim">Amboim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassongue" title="Cassongue">Cassongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cela,_Angola" title="Cela, Angola">Cela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waku-Kungo" class="mw-redirect" title="Waku-Kungo">Waku-Kungo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conda,_Angola" title="Conda, Angola">Conda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebo,_Angola" title="Ebo, Angola">Ebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libolo" title="Libolo">Libolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussende" title="Mussende">Mussende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Amboim" title="Porto Amboim">Porto Amboim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quibala" title="Quibala">Quibala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilenda" title="Quilenda">Quilenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seles,_Angola" title="Seles, Angola">Seles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbe" title="Sumbe">Sumbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cunene_Province" title="Cunene Province">Cunene Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahama" title="Cahama">Cahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuanhama" title="Cuanhama">Cuanhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curoca" title="Curoca">Curoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvelai" title="Cuvelai">Cuvelai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namacunde" title="Namacunde">Namacunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombadja" title="Ombadja">Ombadja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huambo_Province" title="Huambo Province">Huambo Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailundo" title="Bailundo">Bailundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A1la" title="Caála">Caála</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecunha" title="Ecunha">Ecunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachiungo" title="Cachiungo">Cachiungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londuimbali" title="Londuimbali">Londuimbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longonjo" title="Longonjo">Longonjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mungo,_Angola" title="Mungo, Angola">Mungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicala-Choloanga" title="Chicala-Choloanga">Chicala-Choloanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjenje" title="Chinjenje">Chinjenje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucuma" title="Ucuma">Ucuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%ADla_Province" title="Huíla Province">Huíla Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caconda" title="Caconda">Caconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacula" title="Cacula">Cacula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caluquembe" title="Caluquembe">Caluquembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibia" title="Chibia">Chibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicomba" title="Chicomba">Chicomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipindo" title="Chipindo">Chipindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambos" title="Gambos">Gambos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpata" title="Humpata">Humpata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamba,_Hu%C3%ADla" title="Jamba, Huíla">Jamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvango" title="Kuvango">Kuvango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubango" title="Lubango">Lubango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matala,_Angola" title="Matala, Angola">Matala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilengues" title="Quilengues">Quilengues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quipungo" title="Quipungo">Quipungo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luanda_Province" title="Luanda Province">Luanda Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belas,_Luanda" title="Belas, Luanda">Belas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacuaco" title="Cacuaco">Cacuaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazenga" title="Cazenga">Cazenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dcolo_e_Bengo" title="Ícolo e Bengo">Ícolo e Bengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda_Municipality" title="Luanda Municipality">Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A7ama" title="Quiçama">Quiçama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viana,_Luanda" title="Viana, Luanda">Viana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lunda_Norte_Province" title="Lunda Norte Province">Lunda Norte Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capenda-Camulemba" title="Capenda-Camulemba">Capenda-Camulemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caumbo" title="Caumbo">Caumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caungula" title="Caungula">Caungula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitato" title="Chitato">Chitato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuango,_Angola" title="Cuango, Angola">Cuango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuilo" title="Cuilo">Cuilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubalo" title="Lubalo">Lubalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucapa" title="Lucapa">Lucapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1-Muteba" title="Xá-Muteba">Xá-Muteba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lunda_Sul_Province" title="Lunda Sul Province">Lunda Sul Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacolo" title="Cacolo">Cacolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dala,_Angola" title="Dala, Angola">Dala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muconda" title="Muconda">Muconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurimo" title="Saurimo">Saurimo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malanje_Province" title="Malanje Province">Malanje Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacuso" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacuso">Cacuso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calandula" title="Calandula">Calandula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambundi-Catembo" title="Cambundi-Catembo">Cambundi-Catembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caombo" title="Caombo">Caombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunda-Dia-Baze" title="Cunda-Dia-Baze">Cunda-Dia-Baze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwaba_Nzoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiwaba Nzoji">Kiwaba Nzoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luquembo" title="Luquembo">Luquembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanje" title="Malanje">Malanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba,_Angola" title="Marimba, Angola">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massango" title="Massango">Massango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucari" title="Mucari">Mucari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quela" title="Quela">Quela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirima" title="Quirima">Quirima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moxico_Province" title="Moxico Province">Moxico Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Zambeze" title="Alto Zambeze">Alto Zambeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundas" title="Bundas">Bundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camanongue" title="Camanongue">Camanongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ua" title="Léua">Léua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luacano" title="Luacano">Luacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luau,_Moxico_Province" title="Luau, Moxico Province">Luau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchazes" title="Luchazes">Luchazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luena,_Moxico_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Luena, Moxico Province">Luena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumeje" title="Lumeje">Lumeje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxico_(municipality)" title="Moxico (municipality)">Moxico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Namibe_Province" title="Namibe Province">Namibe Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibala" title="Bibala">Bibala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camacuio" title="Camacuio">Camacuio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7%C3%A2medes" title="Moçâmedes">Moçâmedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4mbua" title="Tômbua">Tômbua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virei" title="Virei">Virei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U%C3%ADge_Province" title="Uíge Province">Uíge Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Cauale" title="Alto Cauale">Alto Cauale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambuila" title="Ambuila">Ambuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bembe,_Angola" title="Bembe, Angola">Bembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buengas" title="Buengas">Buengas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungo,_Angola" title="Bungo, Angola">Bungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damba_(municipality)" title="Damba (municipality)">Damba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milunga" title="Milunga">Milunga</a> (formerly Macocola)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucaba" title="Mucaba">Mucaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negage" title="Negage">Negage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri,_Angola" title="Puri, Angola">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbele" title="Quimbele">Quimbele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitexe" title="Quitexe">Quitexe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanza_Pombo" title="Sanza Pombo">Sanza Pombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songo,_Angola" title="Songo, Angola">Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%ADge" title="Uíge">Uíge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombo,_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Zombo, Angola">Zombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Province" title="Zaire Province">Zaire Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuimba" title="Cuimba">Cuimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27banza-Kongo" title="M'banza-Kongo">M'banza-Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noqui" title="Noqui">Noqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27zeto" title="N'zeto">N'zeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyo" title="Soyo">Soyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomboco" title="Tomboco">Tomboco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_African_capitals" title="Template talk:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_African_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of African capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_African_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of African countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune">El Aaiún</a></b> (claimed)/<b><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a></b> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luanda</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a></b> (political)<br /> </li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></b> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3897#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/170087304">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1713902/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXmG89Pj87FTgy9ryGHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4099838-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79108008">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15327377w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15327377w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luanda (Angola)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge568978&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575501">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/120073">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/5886">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552635905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/91c01e7e-c0c5-463a-a8d3-1eba77e1fdff">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02761803X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044516">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luanda&oldid=1256807786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luanda&oldid=1256807786</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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