CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c69d550e5efdbe',cH: 'QALUY3l0DRkV9v7YxwFjcpmiGI0wU1leKoo4yDXj09A-1741314036-1.2.1.1-PsTN76hQmWUzXmw8BJYkNJgyZpTkTurqbt_zFXlEXpi20Pkszj8l9r2Hxgros2pi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=averaging&__cf_chl_tk=0ROF97ZR9lLpQ2ITCCulCejeUwhjcm4EBVHo0tauv.w-1741314036-1.0.1.1-uABGuGnL0tU3HjxBO0IlM3RbaefhKxXS3PnH_HI2Wgk",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741314036',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=averaging&__cf_chl_f_tk=0ROF97ZR9lLpQ2ITCCulCejeUwhjcm4EBVHo0tauv.w-1741314036-1.0.1.1-uABGuGnL0tU3HjxBO0IlM3RbaefhKxXS3PnH_HI2Wgk",md: "P8KItfYBfI7EDUSnikfe077T65x4wkwvUan9EAdIR6c-1741314036-1.2.1.1-ZjnFR3qXf2tqlnUh2mZd_635LesNyx1cj.aDU_Ot3.Gt9Gx.e57cVPE.Nbpm1ffmC.MqmJnCs9hrU3mrMbWIrqyzhxi3_cjGCW.su8khHyMpS_AxVLeTGSSZLQw56D4H5eMWBuSQLdr3QYwUw9AhshLtJqcQIifIOVbyiTqRrdPXSLZxEdUtlUESc7sIr7LMV.QJsS8kTfOd6sNWagGq1_aaZ6kmvwi74c8MuSxuUUm_2yvqjGCAma5Hhr.Pnm0.BGQ5qbC48CSXXIjBKUgKtkKxcvUAD52krFoHKDlz2d1Od1EDgDh7POZ1L9u5cGr0w4yJ5EIWRdZyd9KjbDYR5gdjah0_6tpiYqD2RK1dCKT3b8zFLcABzKCXlzKEjM7VMAgP63yNs9BCBH.irCXFJwv9fuym8eS.GYRMduK5nYVxO4asNcESe_UuTmhHrAqogccIkego7A_NZdCPWStMvnx5BvpfFjvKMBpzKwSGA8uEWigTEUZ0Mg_tPRBOneFgwlCrVuRSzufXcFr4It5nlFrXJkWSLlcRQM5waEldd9rlfEKx_g3TIH4OpXoXENWgeV0ctt0uFyHsbuKsVij2_LSOIpAXdylcDkzDW9.3rW2lKhJhn_4N1V7UkNomaqkq1X3CQ9IVVmRHpbH5ZkgGPkUxDBRloCKMnTTFsSvgLEgM.VrVKQj7jkLom1n.69ylAbW5ooJMaITU3Zzs5F5g3GnvCcW6tTRZgXGCix.tXZVWZJO7mzxzKQNG2p3gm.ARs._XlG.ri1maXlbPoPzlgdRcd4KXas6k5COIudTp1khEbmbelTVLRe8EznhyFKLsTwa50pwWZb.WdkbpUyqoxkEwW.uqvcpJHaVmSk7JQJhzadYcemf1ADKSln9Q0CkFiaIWlL6n61AGBOhpih1qG2xYPI28gImNBqWTuS_ljamoYyADXlkGJ6a2fu6_y2IdNyc9agtx55fudUoBP5NMVEeGmE0UjWuUVnYFigvt8vQxqNkS1vjalo55tg0Rgq9NPsrB.TH8FA7lfoOgPDFx2VdKqTZb6MVrXgAStutxHmkRFToM2AWxz7gdMVntYZwx5gqKyM8TR058BlfjsIG30dZ7yQl8WGWR58kAQgNL5Td1FUkwZ7b0P0xtMzMN3s.ScMw5Dcjhs95Inpmy8rg2uObqT5Fr0aHsx80OOzWyAuTJFL4XhpIZ4VUUOVwx_qILbhdWroHw_Qr_XLCV3RU6Zi8eElZbXOCn_SoWwW0ozh_PgJqgp92Ri9uZ_iFqCEAj",mdrd: "Z6f8u7Q9a7Cy_EoUOweTSdoO_rdN2q48rk.D_DnCdP4-1741314036-1.2.1.1-h92566YbmCACGdxUiO3UcFaXqw58WbpL6.1jUgYNHlGSI9MLs69dERMSqg1C9cTn7MH86fQry.9yDIYbSnXuUa6WxWAQ1Rh23y2V.Y3eKsSfUnDL5jvtMYh.tLJq1Uw_.xmXraRZLk0tts9su7jmTgcYreR4yQ1Yj.zDPezfdFeYANl90_.zJhPX7kCWRLW_ZFYvc9JlE_nsvU4ld4dPWQ4GFAVkHImlobxZt2Dlrz84G.iu_XwaVM4xzBcIe9LP1D64qO6bVsaybEoCGjwF73Tf_k8FdosKp7RQEUcjShFQPswa5WMSW6rI5D8Yj8_l9W1XiETi9ik5QDoGXid46NnULmtVfBBBbeg0MqoLD88BKmhs9GmH9sFFo6c8XJrmgrpnd57ZuzfztTclr0loquTNIuu9HGVd88Fx7hyzKJe05b2lggzloyaKW7RWJXeZsPeJJJJSUJ.EbEkiftjhFNoInLg2KTmm6O3bOx9Ncyj0.2LKsbXxCZVfk9yBXLyvEZvLVfnVJBDZHbad9RqD7nurB5a4ImBoQNEtTLmucpvjyktE8yTPYHHPEt8Mbb7kJiE.1xQXzbwFD87jr3.ndHiXca9qEXXtWDxafNmbBYVhrNiV_DL4qiyldketJOfYIZnkdSpWNW6aQ_r7sz7icEgE_QztmBJwxdtTqY.MnH8GDLZJlNoymry7IegaJmEVmh0DxvWVxEHpu_KtKW9SPhk3dJDWbgAus0uwI4I6qD6xLwRo1GTWDUEF9P2lR9Vml.IWIHfsW3RrF8EZhZvo08vgPDMyNLOIPcw0BjG0M5ik9909MU.T10gGVGE56GbdNetFj6uqmZt3wCOTVygZeb.5rk6QeipcuVt_dFAr72ulio2mnfR_kaSQyxpyLYgLV2o4Jmsy9CKnwOZRmA_bAOVE66axs02mw_53LBDcVf2HzEQnTKn3kSvwiwmjkUnqFJDSHJ8ITYdMnfjVxkMgb1wwZWchA9KjL0muTQX4KkM.HXYGK4ewVxXtZeCZWnb_4naQRaX4Jq6bAN17amF8EjWw.KuzeQ9bSynDGtgYi9Lu1vHzk2g5tXshiBi0GeYxOOHB1iVfZz4PR7G2QgOFWCMK0m.CVNsiUB5vpOaw00XYXQSs0K3lviJa6zWiYx1V9RPdQdyGOgTlL4pweENqZnqHAhbW7X4s56BlDK9AE.5lYYrm0AHP0IrIYlZeVJ5NHPrQ8nxIvdUL39xNPPYACl8M8vqSofAsXZe0qCuANKLzL6S0mQoY7jTA9knbLVWhQkj0EM96oA2IoxPGwCzNeBck8vPUpaHzON84TSBXgAvlgKIOe3.ogWhpAgpB1vWZIO693jbwPyJUxdfLtmp1SzUxEhZEPZeOuHzHL9cy_QRFYfv1sf49.lEXsDqKd8rsAJAE2PAA.nTqLmVzTE_1y1XXGFbKQf140Vtg2xz8KUizCJXjsqRm9eqfb3xvBlvwInhMILUJdmYXichODppzUTiSW3IW9aC.cywz.W.ZPVXDLW0CrQK1GaA462bfFpGUi8jMA5Kk.EjtrhdP3P58wZC6lYmjS819ZFNkHM_71k0W.4gOZQo5A58eJ53hjScCZKaei3FZ_nqZpo.VcoxJGsyjbFCadD6RIyA4uafJpdvFl2Z.8cbw6hsjxOh8.AxqbjSAjpTxdSgV2Cq7U0tcKzlQcU5ulNWZ5Hvkbuh0qUrdTypLR.C6ylEX.Lbw1rvYAbwZpP7GzelQahPCNl4eEcggHxH3belKZ6hxXwfZdzvpnTKUqI6LhLucoEHkzSEiYMMLQDAiq0DEZoda4TxAniaGbT8C40rmssuAzGJaxVpWPGym19SX4BBb6ewvHqzSb7R4zdmh_U_Fqckb7uCNBhTix7HCIuPnxx36EtL0s4x0jIykioVeFWfy46nr1PnZqGK1P7Zk6C1ifdQpOc7qACPLs1ArKFZbY9sbDaHTMoGa2aTD8W2plXxVxDdAZ04R"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c69d550e5efdbe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=averaging&__cf_chl_rt_tk=0ROF97ZR9lLpQ2ITCCulCejeUwhjcm4EBVHo0tauv.w-1741314036-1.0.1.1-uABGuGnL0tU3HjxBO0IlM3RbaefhKxXS3PnH_HI2Wgk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>