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bodhisattva. For the term in Buddhist phenomenology by a similar name, see <a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Idaten" redirects here. For 2019 Japanese taiga drama, see <a href="/wiki/Idaten_(TV_series)" title="Idaten (TV series)">Idaten (TV series)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Guardian of Buddhist monasteries</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:#FFD068">Skanda</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">韋馱天<br />(<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Wéituó Tiān</i>)<br />韋馱菩薩<br />(<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Wéituó Púsà</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1163242311">.mw-parser-output .templateruby>rt{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large>rt{font-size:50%}</style><ruby lang="ja">韋馱天<rp>（</rp><rt>いだてん</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><br />(<a href="/wiki/Romaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaji">romaji</a>: <i>Idaten</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></th><td class="infobox-data">위타천<br />(<a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <i>Wita Cheon</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Арван Хоёр Нууд</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Skanda</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></th><td class="infobox-data">พระเวทโพธิสัตว์</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><big><big>གདོང་དྲུག་</big></big><br /><small>Wylie: gdong drug</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vi Đà Bồ Tát<br />Hộ Pháp Chư Tôn Bồ Tát</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFD068">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāyāna">Mahāyāna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vajray%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayāna">Vajrayāna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #EBEBEB"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Skanda</b> (Chinese:塞建陀, 室建陀), also known as <b>Wei Tuo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">韋馱</span>) and <b>Idaten</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">韋駄天</span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> regarded as a devoted guardian of <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">Buddhist monasteries</a> who protects the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also sometimes called in the Chinese tradition "Hufa Weituo Zuntian Pusa", meaning "Honored Dharma Protector Skanda Bodhisattva", because he is one of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-Four_Protective_Deities" title="Twenty-Four Protective Deities">twenty-four celestial guardian deities</a> mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Light_Sutra" title="Golden Light Sutra">Golden Light Sutra</a></i>. </p><p>In Chinese temples, Skanda faces the statue of the Buddha in the main shrine, traditionally unarmed and with his hands in <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1jali_Mudr%C4%81" title="Añjali Mudrā">anjali</a>. In others, he is on the far right of the main shrine with weapon in hand, whereas on the left is his counterpart, Sangharama (personified as the historical general <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>). In Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, his image is found at the end of the sutra, a reminder of his vow to protect and preserve the teachings. </p><p>According to legends, Skanda was the son of a virtuous king who had complete <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">faith</a> in Buddha's teachings. When the Buddha entered <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>, the Buddha instructed Skanda to guard the Dharma. It was his duty to protect members of the <a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">sangha</a> when they are disturbed by <a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Mara</a>, the tempter, and also to resolve conflicts amongst members of the sangha. A few days after the Buddha's passing and cremation, evil demons stole his relics. Skanda's vow of protecting the faith and Dharma was proven when he managed to defeat the evil demons and returned the relics. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_(Buddhism)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weituo_(Veda),_China,_Henan_province,_Ming_dynasty,_dated_1527_AD,_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart,_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg/220px-Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg/330px-Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg/440px-Weituo_%28Veda%29%2C_China%2C_Henan_province%2C_Ming_dynasty%2C_dated_1527_AD%2C_stoneware_-_Linden-Museum_-_Stuttgart%2C_Germany_-_DSC03608.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="5339" /></a><figcaption>Stone statue of Weituo in mountain pattern armour, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, 1527</figcaption></figure> <p>Stories vary on how Skanda was accepted into the traditional Chinese Buddhist pantheon. Some have proposed that Skanda's features were adapted from a Chinese deity who appeared in the Chinese classical <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_the_Gods" title="Investiture of the Gods">Fengshen Yanyi</a></i>. However, the existence of illustrated Skanda images predating the Ming Dynasty set his origins back to an earlier period in the development of Chinese Buddhism. </p><p>Skanda is described as a young man fully clad in the armor and headgear of a Chinese general, and is usually leaning on a <a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">vajra</a> staff. Some suggest that Skanda may have come from <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> as the war deity <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a> (Murugan), who bears the title Skanda. Others point out that Skanda might also be a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapani</a>, a bodhisattva who bears some relations to Skanda because they both wield <a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">vajras</a> as weapons, are portrayed with flaming halos, and are both heavenly protectors of Buddhism. </p><p>Although Skanda is only a <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">deva</a>, he is very often addressed as a bodhisattva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_Miao_Shan's_lover"><span id="As_Miao_Shan.27s_lover"></span>As Miao Shan's lover</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_(Buddhism)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As Miao Shan's lover"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was reincarnated as the princess <a href="/wiki/Guanyin#Miaoshan" title="Guanyin">Miao Shan</a>, Skanda (known as Wei Tuo in this story) was one of her cruel father's generals. He loved Miao Shan but realized he could not possibly be a proper partner to her, since she was a pure person. However, Wei Tuo was inspired by Miao Shan's kindness so he decided to stay faithful and devoted to Miao Shan, even if she was not his wife. The two escaped Miao Shan's father, and the general-suitor helped build Miao Shan a temple and a kingdom of her own. Soon, however, the cruel king found them and killed them both. The general, because of his devotion to Guan Yin, transformed into a bodhisattva himself, who vowed to always serve and protect Guan Yin. His appearance as a Chinese general is the direct forebear to his connection with Miao Shan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_warrior">As a warrior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_(Buddhism)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As a warrior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another story says that Miao Shan was told to commit suicide by her grandmother. Her grandmother forced Miao Shan to leap into the sea because she was thought to have been an incarnation of a demon, when in fact she was not. The emperor told a loyal soldier named Luo Ping to pretend to throw Miao Shan into the ocean. He brought her with Yin Ma, the mother of Wei Tuo, to her village. Years passed, when an evil fish demon came. A disloyal soldier named Huo Yi was sent by the fish demon to kill Miao Shan. The fish demon wanted revenge on Miao Shan because she was the incarnation of <i>Ci Hang Da Shi</i>, a Buddhist deva that put the fish in a lotus pond. Huo Yi and his troops went to the village where Miao Shan and Wei Tuo lived and fought. Huo Yi's son killed Wei Tuo. After Miao Shan became the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, she made Skanda a bodhisattva guardian. He became a bodhisattva because he took care of Miao Shan and loved her as a sister. </p><p>According to the lunar calendar, his birthday is the 3rd day of the 6th lunar month. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_(Buddhism)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 789px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wei Tuo as portrayed by the Chinese artist Zhao Mengfu during the Yuan dynasty"><img alt="Wei Tuo as portrayed by the Chinese artist Zhao Mengfu during the Yuan dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg/131px-Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg" decoding="async" width="131" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg/197px-Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg/262px-Skanda_detail_heart_sutra_zhao_mengfu.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wei Tuo as portrayed by the Chinese artist <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mengfu" title="Zhao Mengfu">Zhao Mengfu</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Wei Tuo at Miaoying Temple in Beijing, China"><img alt="Statue of Wei Tuo at Miaoying Temple in Beijing, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG/147px-Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG" decoding="async" width="147" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG/221px-Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG/294px-Skanda_at_Miaoying_Temple.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Wei Tuo at <a href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weituo,_Yonghegong_Lamsery,_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Wei Tuo at Yonghe Temple in Beijing, China"><img alt="Statue of Wei Tuo at Yonghe Temple in Beijing, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg/165px-Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg/247px-Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg/330px-Weituo%2C_Yonghegong_Lamsery%2C_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Wei Tuo at <a href="/wiki/Yonghe_Temple" title="Yonghe Temple">Yonghe Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_(9)%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Wei Tuo at Dachi Xinlin Temple in Penghu, Taiwan"><img alt="Statue of Wei Tuo at Dachi Xinlin Temple in Penghu, Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A0%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA_%289%29%E9%9F%8B%E9%A6%B1%E5%B0%8A%E8%80%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Wei Tuo at Dachi Xinlin Temple in <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>, Taiwan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_(Skanda)_(15948243350).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Wei Tuo at Ping Sien Si Temple in Pasir Panjang, Perak, Malaysia"><img alt="Statue of Wei Tuo at Ping Sien Si Temple in Pasir Panjang, Perak, Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg/114px-Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg/171px-Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg/228px-Ping_Sien_Si_-_010_Wei_hu_%28Skanda%29_%2815948243350%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="4126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Wei Tuo at Ping Sien Si Temple in <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Panjang_(state_constituency)" title="Pasir Panjang (state constituency)">Pasir Panjang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, Malaysia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_(Buddhism)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFang2019" class="citation book cs1">Fang, Litian (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1054272405"><i>Chinese Buddhism and traditional culture</i></a>. New York. pp. 134–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-72048-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-72048-7"><bdi>978-1-315-72048-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1054272405">1054272405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Buddhism+and+traditional+culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=134-135&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1054272405&rft.isbn=978-1-315-72048-7&rft.aulast=Fang&rft.aufirst=Litian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1054272405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkanda+%28Buddhism%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitts2023" class="citation book cs1">Kitts, Margo (2023-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OYy4EAAAQBAJ"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Religion and War</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-83544-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-83544-2"><bdi>978-1-108-83544-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Religion+and+War&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.isbn=978-1-108-83544-2&rft.aulast=Kitts&rft.aufirst=Margo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOYy4EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkanda+%28Buddhism%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Template talk:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_Buddhist_pantheon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chinese Buddhist pantheon</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhas</a><br />佛 (Fó)/如來 (Rúlái)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Tath%C4%81gatas" title="Five Tathāgatas">Five Wisdom Tathāgatas (Wǔfāng Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood#The_Seven_Buddhas_of_Antiquity" title="Buddhahood">Seven Buddhas of Antiquity (Guòqù Qīfó)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhas_of_the_Ten_Directions_(Sh%C3%ADf%C4%81ng_F%C3%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhas of the Ten Directions (Shífāng Fó) (page does not exist)">Buddhas of the Ten Directions (Shífāng Fó)</a><sup><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%9B" class="extiw" title="zh:十方佛">[zh]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty-eight_Buddhas_Great_Repentance_Text" title="Eighty-eight Buddhas Great Repentance Text">Eighty-eight Buddhas (Bāshíbā Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Śākyamuni (Shìjiāmóuní Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairocana" title="Vairocana">Vairocana (Pílúzhēnǎ Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha (Āmítuó Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaisajyaguru" title="Bhaisajyaguru">Bhaisajyaguru (Yàoshī Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghasiddhi" title="Amoghasiddhi">Amoghasiddhi (Bùkōngchéngjiù Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshobhya" title="Akshobhya">Akshobhya (Āchù Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnasambhava" title="Ratnasambhava">Ratnasambhava (Bǎoshēng Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankara" title="Dipankara">Dīpankara (Rándēng Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipass%C4%AB" title="Vipassī">Vipassī (Pípóshī Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vessabh%C5%AB" title="Vessabhū">Vessabhū (Píshèpó Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakusandha" title="Kakusandha">Kakusandha (Jūliúsūn Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%E1%B9%87%C4%81gamana" title="Koṇāgamana">Koṇāgamana (Jūnàhán Fó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassapa_Buddha" title="Kassapa Buddha">Kassapa (Jiāshè Fó)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guanyin_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guanyin_00.jpg/200px-Guanyin_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guanyin_00.jpg/300px-Guanyin_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Guanyin_00.jpg/400px-Guanyin_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a><br />菩薩 (Púsà)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Great_Bodhisattvas_(S%C3%ACd%C3%A0_P%C3%BAs%C3%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Great Bodhisattvas (Sìdà Púsà) (page does not exist)">Four Great Bodhisattvas (Sìdà Púsà)</a><sup><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8)" class="extiw" title="zh:四大菩萨)">[zh]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Great_Bodhisattvas_(B%C4%81d%C3%A0_P%C3%BAs%C3%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eight Great Bodhisattvas (Bādà Púsà) (page does not exist)">Eight Great Bodhisattvas (Bādà Púsà)</a><sup><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8)" class="extiw" title="zh:八大菩萨)">[zh]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra_of_Perfect_Enlightenment" title="Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment">Twelve Bodhisattvas of Perfect Enlightenment (Shí'èr Yuánjué Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Avalokiteśvara (Guānyīn Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Manjushri (Wénshū Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra (Pǔxián Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha (Dìzàng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta (Dàshìzhì Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi (Jīngāngshǒu Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya (Mílè Púsa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha (Xūkōngzàng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cundi_(Buddhism)" title="Cundi (Buddhism)">Cundī (Zhǔntí Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tara (Duōluó Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABryaprabha" title="Sūryaprabha">Sūryaprabha (Rìguāng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candraprabha" title="Candraprabha">Candraprabha (Yuèguāng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai%E1%B9%A3ajyar%C4%81ja" title="Bhaiṣajyarāja">Bhaiṣajyarāja (Yàowáng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai%E1%B9%A3ajyasamudgata" title="Bhaiṣajyasamudgata">Bhaiṣajyasamudgata (Yàoshàng Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87icakra" title="Cintāmaṇicakra">Cintāmaṇicakra (Rúyìlún Guānyīn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva" title="Vajrasattva">Vajrasattva (Jīngāng Sàduǒ Púsà)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_King" title="Wisdom King">Wisdom Kings</a><br />明王 (Míngwáng)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_King#The_Eight_Wisdom_Kings" title="Wisdom King">Eight Wisdom Kings (Bādà Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_King#The_Ten_Wisdom_Kings" title="Wisdom King">Ten Wisdom Kings (Shídà Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamayuri" title="Mahamayuri">Mahamayuri (Kǒngquè Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucchusma" title="Ucchusma">Ucchuṣma (Huìjì Jīngāng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dali" title="Kuṇḍali">Kuṇḍali (Jūntúlì Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva_(Buddhism)" title="Hayagriva (Buddhism)">Hayagriva (Mǎtóu Guānyīn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acala" title="Acala">Acala (Bùdòng Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokyavijaya" title="Trailokyavijaya">Trailokyavijaya (Xiángsānshì Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamantaka" title="Yamantaka">Yamāntaka (Dàwēidé Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahacakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahacakra (page does not exist)">Mahacakra (Dàlún Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padanaksipa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padanaksipa (page does not exist)">Padanaksipa (Bùzhì Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahabala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahabala (page does not exist)">Mahabala (Dàlì Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparajita_(Wisdom_King)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparajita (Wisdom King) (page does not exist)">Aparajita (Wúnéngshēng Míngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vajrah%C4%81sa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vajrahāsa (page does not exist)">Vajrahāsa (Dàxiào Míngwáng)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities and Demons</a><br />諸天鬼神 (Zhūtiān Guǐshén)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Four_Protective_Deities" title="Twenty-Four Protective Deities">Twenty-Four Protective Deities (Èrshísì Zhūtiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Heavenly_Generals" title="Twelve Heavenly Generals">Twelve Heavenly Generals (Shí'èr Shénjiāng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Great_Yak%E1%B9%A3a_Generals" title="Eight Great Yakṣa Generals">Eight Great Yakṣa Generals (Bādà Yèchā Dàjiàng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Legions" title="Eight Legions">Eight Legions of Devas and Nāgas (Tiānlóng bābù)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Heavenly_Kings" title="Four Heavenly Kings">Four Heavenly Kings (Sì Tiānwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahma (Fàntiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aakra_(Buddhism)" title="Śakra (Buddhism)">Indra (Dìshìtiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_in_Buddhism" title="Shiva in Buddhism">Shiva (Dàzìzàitiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissh%C5%8Dten" title="Kisshōten">Lakshmi (Gōngdétiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzaiten" title="Benzaiten">Saraswati (Biàncáitiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABryaprabha" title="Sūryaprabha">Surya (Rìtiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candraprabha" title="Candraprabha">Chandra (Yuètiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1cika" title="Pañcika">Pañcika (Sànzhī Dàjiàng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariti" title="Hariti">Hārītī (Guǐzǐmǔ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama_(Buddhism)" title="Yama (Buddhism)">Yama (Yán Wáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marici_(Buddhism)" title="Marici (Buddhism)">Marici (Mólìzhītiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudhara" title="Vasudhara">Prithvi (Jiānláo Dishén)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81gara_(Dragon_King)" title="Sāgara (Dragon King)">Sāgara (Suōjiéluó Lóngwáng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nio_(Buddhism)" title="Nio (Buddhism)">Vajra-Weilding God (Zhíjīngāng shén)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nio_(Buddhism)" title="Nio (Buddhism)">Gunyapati (Mìjī Jīngāng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nio_(Buddhism)" title="Nio (Buddhism)">Narayana (Nàluóyántiān)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitatapatra" title="Sitatapatra">Sitātapatrā (Báisǎngài Fúdǐng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakala" title="Mahakala">Mahākāla (Dàhēitiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhana" title="Sudhana">Sudhana (Shàncái)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longn%C3%BC" title="Longnü">Nagakanya (Lóngnǚ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puti_Shushen" title="Puti Shushen">Puti Shushen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwei_Emperor" title="Ziwei Emperor">Ziwei Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyue_Dadi" title="Dongyue Dadi">Dongyue Emperor (Dōngyuè Dàdì)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigong" title="Leigong">Thunder god (Léigōng)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skanda (Wéituó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Sangharama Bodhisattva (Qíelán Púsà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva (Tiān)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga" title="Nāga">Nāga (Lóng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asura (Āxiūluō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yaksha (Yèchà)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda (Jiālóuluó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharva (Gāntàpó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnara" title="Kinnara">Kinnara (Jǐnnàluō)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoraga" title="Mahoraga">Mahoraga (Móhóuluójiā)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsara (Fēitiān Nǚshén)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalavi%E1%B9%85ka" title="Kalaviṅka">Kalaviṅka (Jiālíngpínqié)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhats</a><br />羅漢 (Luóhàn)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%99%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" class="extiw" title="zh-tw:五百罗汉">Five Hundred Arhats (Wǔbǎi luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Arhats" title="Eighteen Arhats">Eighteen Arhats (Shíbā Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Arhats" title="Sixteen Arhats">Sixteen Arhats (Shíliù Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākāśyapa (Xiánglóng Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena(Wāěr Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rahula (Chénsāi Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindola_Bharadvaja" title="Pindola Bharadvaja">Pindola Bharadvaja (Qílù Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma (Guojiāng Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita (Chángméi Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanaka_the_Vatsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaka the Vatsa (page does not exist)">Kanaka the Vatsa (Xǐqìng Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanaka_the_Bharadvaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaka the Bharadvaja (page does not exist)">Kanaka the Bharadvaja (Jǔbō Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subinda (page does not exist)">Subinda (Tuōda Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakula_(arhat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakula (arhat) (page does not exist)">Nakula (Jìngzuò Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalika_(arhat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalika (arhat) (page does not exist)">Kalika (Qíxiàng Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijraputra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijraputra (page does not exist)">Vijraputra (Xiàoshī Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gobaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gobaka (page does not exist)">Gobaka (Kāixīn Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantha_the_Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantha the Elder (page does not exist)">Pantha the Elder (Tànshǒu Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasa" title="Vanavasa">Vanavasa (Bājiāo Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantha_the_Younger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantha the Younger (page does not exist)">Pantha the Younger (Kānmén Luóhàn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai (Bùdài Luóhàn)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a><br />高僧・祖師 (Gāosēng・Zǔshī)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Moggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma (Dámó)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Shigao" title="An Shigao">An Shigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuánzàng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Fǎxiǎn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yijing_(monk)" title="Yijing (monk)">Yìjìng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shàn Dào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiguo" title="Huiguo">Huìguǒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Gong" title="Ji Gong">Jìgōng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ming_of_Han" title="Emperor Ming of Han">Emperor Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liang" title="Emperor Wu of Liang">Emperor Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Sangharāma (Guān Yǔ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mand%C4%81rav%C4%81" title="Mandāravā">Mandāravā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva" title="Vajrasattva">Vajrasattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitatapatra" title="Sitatapatra">Sitātapatrā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cundi_(Buddhism)" title="Cundi (Buddhism)">Cundī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ffd068;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai%E1%B9%A3ajyar%C4%81ja" title="Bhaiṣajyarāja">Bhaiṣajyarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candraprabha" title="Candraprabha">Candraprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nio_(Buddhism)" title="Nio (Buddhism)">Niō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supratisthitacaritra" title="Supratisthitacaritra">Supratiṣṭhitacāritra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supushpachandra" title="Supushpachandra">Supuṣpacandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABryaprabha" title="Sūryaprabha">Sūryaprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudhara" title="Vasudhara">Vasudhārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9Bi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADac%C4%81ritra" title="Viśiṣṭacāritra">Viśiṣṭacāritra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9Buddhac%C4%81ritra" title="Viśuddhacāritra">Viśuddhacāritra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalakirti" title="Vimalakirti">Vimalakirti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;link=Dharmachakra_Topics_in_Buddhism_25px&#124;link=Buddhist_flag" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhism_topics" title="Template:Buddhism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhism_topics" title="Template talk:Buddhism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this 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flag"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/25px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/38px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/50px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Foundations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular 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architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> 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title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage 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