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id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 95 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Romeinse_Ryk" title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Weströmisches Reich – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weströmisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Romano_d%27Occident" title="Imperio Romano d'Occident – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Romano d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الامبراطوريه الرومانيه الغربيه – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الامبراطوريه الرومانيه الغربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_romanu_d%27Occidente" title="Imperiu romanu d'Occidente – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu romanu d'Occidente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Roma_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Qərbi Roma imperiyası – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Roma imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غربی روم ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Рымская імперыя – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Рымская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Рымская імпэрыя – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Рымская імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западна Римска империя – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Римска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্য – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_C%27horn%C3%B4g" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar C'hornôg – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh roman ar C'hornôg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Occident" title="Imperi Romà d'Occident – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Romà d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasadpang_Imperyong_Romano" title="Kasadpang Imperyong Romano – ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kasadpang Imperyong Romano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ڕۆمیی ڕۆژاوا – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی ڕۆمیی ڕۆژاوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1pado%C5%99%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Západořímská říše – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západořímská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromerske_rige" title="Vestromerske rige – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vestromerske rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Weströmisches Reich – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weströmisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δυτική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcident-Romia_Imperio" title="Okcident-Romia Imperio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcident-Romia Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_romano_de_Occidente" title="Imperio romano de Occidente – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio romano de Occidente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Rooma_keisririik" title="Lääne-Rooma keisririik – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Rooma keisririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Mendebaldeko Erromatar Inperioa – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Erromatar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="امپراتوری روم غربی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری روم غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Rooman_valtakunta" title="Länsi-Rooman valtakunta – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Rooman valtakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_romain_d%27Occident" title="Empire romain d'Occident – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire romain d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waastr%C3%B6%C3%B6msk_Rik" title="Waaströömsk Rik – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waaströömsk Rik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westromeinske_Ryk" title="Westromeinske Ryk – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Westromeinske Ryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Romano_de_Occidente" title="Imperio Romano de Occidente – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Romano de Occidente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הרומית המערבית – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הרומית המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugatr%C3%B3mai_Birodalom" title="Nyugatrómai Birodalom – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugatrómai Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արևմտյան Հռոմեական կայսրություն – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Հռոմեական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_roman_de_occidente" title="Imperio roman de occidente – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imperio roman de occidente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Barat" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Barat – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Romawi Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestr%C3%B3mverska_keisarad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" title="Vestrómverska keisaradæmið – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestrómverska keisaradæmið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_romano_d%27Occidente" title="Impero romano d'Occidente – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero romano d'Occidente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="西ローマ帝国 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西ローマ帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Kulon" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Kulon – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kekaisaran Romawi Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთ რომის იმპერია – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთ რომის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="서로마 제국 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서로마 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Rom%C3%AA_ya_Rojava" title="Împeratoriya Romê ya Rojava – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Romê ya Rojava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Romanum_Occidentale" title="Imperium Romanum Occidentale – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Romanum Occidentale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Roman_Ueste" title="Impero Roman Ueste – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Roman Ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imper_Roman_d%27Ocident" title="Imper Roman d'Ocident – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imper Roman d'Ocident" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Romos_imperija" title="Vakarų Romos imperija – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Romos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumromas_imp%C4%93rija" title="Rietumromas impērija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumromas impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западно Римско Царство – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западно Римско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Rom_Barat" title="Empayar Rom Barat – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Rom Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westr%C3%B6%C3%B6msch_Riek" title="Weströömsch Riek – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Weströömsch Riek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="West-Romeinse Rijk – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Romeinse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromarriket" title="Vestromarriket – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vestromarriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestromerriket" title="Vestromerriket – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vestromerriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Occident" title="Empèri Roman d'Occident – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Roman d'Occident" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impire_Romain_au_Coutchant" title="Impire Romain au Coutchant – ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Impire Romain au Coutchant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarstwo_zachodniorzymskie" title="Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AF%DB%90%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="لوېدېځه رومي سترواکي – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوېدېځه رومي سترواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente" title="Império Romano do Ocidente – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Romano do Ocidente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Roman_de_Apus" title="Imperiul Roman de Apus – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Roman de Apus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западная Римская империя – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Римская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_romanu_de_Otzidente" title="Impèriu romanu de Otzidente – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu romanu de Otzidente" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastren_Roman_Empire" title="Wastren Roman Empire – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wastren Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadno Rimsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Roman Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1pador%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Západorímska ríša – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západorímska ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahodno_Rimsko_cesarstvo" title="Zahodno Rimsko cesarstvo – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahodno Rimsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Romake_Per%C3%ABndimore" title="Perandoria Romake Perëndimore – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Romake Perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западно римско царство – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западно римско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stromerska_riket" title="Västromerska riket – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västromerska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dola_la_Roma_Magharibi" title="Dola la Roma Magharibi – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dola la Roma Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மேற்கு உரோமைப் பேரரசு – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு உரோமைப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันตก – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Imperyong_Romano" title="Kanlurang Imperyong Romano – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Imperyong Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Batı Roma İmparatorluğu – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Roma İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Західна Римська імперія – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Римська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مغربی رومی سلطنت – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی رومی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_roman_de_Osidente" title="Inpero roman de Osidente – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero roman de Osidente" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_T%C3%A2y_La_M%C3%A3" title="Đế quốc Tây La Mã – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Tây La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Romeins_Ryk" title="West-Romeins Ryk – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="West-Romeins Ryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西羅馬帝國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Sai Lô-má Tè-kok – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai Lô-má Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西羅馬帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" 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href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਰੋਮਨ ਸਮਰਾਜ">ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</a> ਦੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਂਤ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਇੰਪੀਰੀਅਲ ਕੋਰਟ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਚਲਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ; ਖ਼ਾਸਕਰ, ਇਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ 395 ਤੋਂ 476 ਦੇ ਅਰਸੇ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿੱਥੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਂਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਨੂੰ ਵੰਡਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ ਅਦਾਲਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜੀ ਉਤਰਾਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ ਕੋਇਕੁਅਲ ਅਦਾਲਤਾਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਸਨ। ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="ਬਾਇਜੰਟਾਈਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ">ਪੂਰਬੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦੇ</a> ਸ਼ਬਦ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਵਰਣਨ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਅਸਲ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਸਨ; ਸਮਕਾਲੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਰੋਮ">ਰੋਮੀਆਂ</a> ਨੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਦੋ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ ਵਜੋਂ ਦੋ ਵੱਖਰੀਆਂ ਸਾਮਰਾਜੀ ਅਦਾਲਤਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਅਧੀਨ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ। ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ 476 ਵਿੱਚ ਢਹਿ ਗਿਆ, ਅਤੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਦਰਬਾਰ 480 ਵਿੱਚ ਰਸਮੀ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਭੰਗ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਪੂਰਬੀ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਅਦਾਲਤ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕਾਂਸਤਾਂਤਨੋਪਲ ਦੀ ਹਾਰ">1453 ਤੱਕ</a> ਬਚੀ ਰਹੀ। </p><p>ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਨੇ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਇੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵੇਖੇ ਸਨ, ਇਹ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਕਿ ਇਕੋ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ ਲਈ ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਨਾ ਅਸੰਭਵ ਸੀ, ਨੂੰ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਡਾਇਕਲੈਟੀਅਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਤੀਜੀ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਨਾਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਯੁੱਧਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਭਿਆਨਕ ਟੁੱਟਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਰੋਮਨ ਦੇ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸੰਸਥਾਗਤ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਉਸਨੇ 286 ਵਿੱਚ ਗੱਦੀ-ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ ਕੀਤੀ, ਦੋ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸੀਨੀਅਰ ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਗਸਟਸ, ਇੱਕ ਪੂਰਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਪੱਛਮ ਵਿਚ, ਹਰ ਇੱਕ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਨਿਯਮਤ ਸੀਸਰ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ। ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਟੈਂਟਅਰਕਿਕ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਮਾਮਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਢਹਿ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ, ਪੂਰਬੀ – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਵਿਭਾਜਨ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਸਦੀਆਂ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਕਿਸੇ ਨਾ ਕਿਸੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਿਣ ਕਰੇਗਾ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ, ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਤੀਜੀ ਅਤੇ 5 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਕਈ ਦੌਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੁਕ-ਰੁਕ ਕੇ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਕੁਝ ਸਮਰਾਟ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਕਾਂਸਟੇਂਟਾਈਨ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਥੀਓਡੋਸੀਅਸ ਪਹਿਲੇ, ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕਲੌਤੀ ਅਗਸਤ ਵਜੋਂ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ। 395 ਵਿੱਚ ਥਿਓਡੋਸੀਅਸ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੇ, ਉਸਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਵੰਡ ਦਿੱਤਾ, ਹੋਨੋਰੀਅਸ ਨੇ ਪੱਛਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਪਣਾ ਉੱਤਰਾਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਵਜੋਂ, ਮੇਡੀਓਲੇਨਮ ਤੋਂ ਰਾਜ ਕੀਤਾ, ਅਤੇ ਅਰਸਟਾਡੀਅਸ ਪੂਰਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸਦਾ ਉੱਤਰਾਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਵਜੋਂ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕਾਂਸਤਾਂਤਨੋਪਲ">ਕਾਂਸਟੈਂਟੀਨੋਪਲ</a> ਤੋਂ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਦਾ ਰਿਹਾ। </p><p>476 ਵਿਚ, ਰਵੇਨਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਪੱਛਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਮਨ ਆਰਮੀ ਨੂੰ ਓਡੋਸੇਰ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਜਰਮਨ ਫੋਡਰੈਟੀ ਦੇ ਹੱਥੋਂ ਹਾਰ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਪਿਆ। ਓਡੋਐਸਰ ਨੇ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਰੋਮੂਲਸ ਆਗਸਟੁਲਸ ਨੂੰ ਤਾਇਨਾਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਇਟਲੀ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ। 480 ਵਿੱਚ, ਪਿਛਲੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ ਜੂਲੀਅਸ ਨੇਪੋਸ ਦੀ ਹੱਤਿਆ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਪੂਰਬੀ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਜ਼ੈਨੋ ਨੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਭੰਗ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਇਕਲੌਤਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਨਸ਼ਾਹ ਘੋਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ। 476 ਦੀ ਤਾਰੀਖ 18 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕਾਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਐਡਵਰਡ ਗਿਬਨ">ਐਡਵਰਡ ਗਿੱਬਨ</a> ਦੁਆਰਾ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਦੇ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਿਤ ਘਟਨਾ ਵਜੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਵਾਰ ਪੁਰਾਤਨਤਾ ਤੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੱਧਕਾਲ">ਮੱਧ ਯੁੱਗ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਓਡੋਸੇਰ ਦੀ ਇਟਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਵਹਿਸ਼ੀ ਰਾਜ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਰੋਮਨ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਮਾਤਰ ਅਧੀਨਗੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਰੋਮਨ ਨਿਰੰਤਰਤਾ ਦਾ ਦਿਖਾਵਾ ਬਣਾਈ ਰੱਖੇਗੀ। </p><p>6 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿਚ, ਸਮਰਾਟ ਜਸਟਿਨ ਮੈਂ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਨੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ 'ਤੇ ਸਿੱਧਾ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤਾ, ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਫਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਖੁਸ਼ਹਾਲ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ, ਇਟਲੀ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਰੋਮਨ ਦਿਲ ਭੂਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਹਿਸਪਾਨੀਆ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ। ਪੂਰਬੀ ਦਿਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਅਸਥਿਰਤਾ, ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਹਮਲਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਮਤਭੇਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ, ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਇਲਾਕਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਕਾਇਮ ਰੱਖਣ ਲਈ ਯਤਨ ਕੀਤੇ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਹੌਲੀ ਹੌਲੀ ਚੰਗੇ ਲਈ ਗੁਆਚ ਗਏ। ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਨੇ ਗਿਆਰ੍ਹਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਤੱਕ ਇਟਲੀ ਦੇ ਦੱਖਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਰਕਰਾਰ ਰੱਖਿਆ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਯੂਰਪ">ਪੱਛਮੀ ਯੂਰਪ</a> ਉੱਤੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਕਾਫ਼ੀ ਘੱਟ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। 800 ਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਵਜੋਂ ਫ੍ਰੈਂਕਿਸ਼ ਕਿੰਗ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸ਼ਾਰਲਮੇਨ">ਚਾਰਲਮਗਨ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA" title="ਪੋਪ">ਪੋਪ</a> ਦੀ ਤਾਜਪੋਸ਼ੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਨਵੀਂ ਸਾਮਰਾਜੀ ਰੇਖਾ ਦੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਦੇਹੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਜੋ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਰੋਮਨ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਸਤ ਹੋਏਗੀ, ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਯੂਰਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਸਿਰਲੇਖ ਦੀ ਮੁੜ ਸੁਰਜੀਤੀ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਅਰਥਪੂਰਨ ਅਰਥ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਮਨ ਪਰੰਪਰਾਵਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਾਧਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਇਆ। ਰੋਮ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਂਸਟੇਂਟੀਨੋਪਲ ਦੇ ਚਰਚਾਂ ਦਰਮਿਆਨ 1054 ਦੇ ਮਹਾਨ ਸਕਿਜ਼ਮ ਨੇ ਕਾਂਸਟੈਂਟੀਨੋਪਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮਰਾਟ ਦੇ ਪੱਛਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਉਮੀਦ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਰ ਘਟਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ। </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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