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科学网—创造花园的色彩 | 格特鲁德·杰基尔和花园的艺术 - 廖景平的博文
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jQuery(document).ready( function($){ $("img").lazyload({ placeholder : "/static/js/grey.gif", effect : "fadeIn", threshold : 200 }); }); </script> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h1 class="mt"><span class="z">博文</span> </h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 创造花园的色彩 | 格特鲁德·杰基尔和花园的艺术 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 6168 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-10-17 12:32</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=38998&catid=3">观点评述</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">【内容提要】</span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">格特鲁德</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">·</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">杰基尔(</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">Gertrude Jekyll</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Georgia;">, 1843-1932</span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">)是</span>20<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">世纪最具影响力的花园设计师之一,花卉在其生活和工作中占据核心地位。杰基尔小姐自幼对绘画和园艺等艺术和工艺兴趣</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: 幼圆; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;">浓厚</span><span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: 幼圆;">,其父母的艺术和科学兴趣对她影响深远。在肯辛顿中央设计学院学习期间,她深受</span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: 幼圆; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;">自然浪漫主义画家</span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">特纳(</span>JMW Turner<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">)作品的影响,尤其是色彩运用,这在</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: 幼圆; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;">她后来</span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: Georgia; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">设计的约</span>250<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">个花园中得到体现。杰基尔小姐的设计中反复出现使用蓝色和黄色花卉创造光影效果,以及冷色花卉与鲜艳色彩的对比。她鼓励人们将园艺视为一门艺术,并相信追求完美的人生将逐渐产生接近创造</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; font-family: 幼圆; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 15px;">自然</span><span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: 幼圆;">之力的智慧结合。</span></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%B8%F1%CC%D8%C2%B3%B5%C2%A1%A4%BD%DC%BB%F9%B6%FB%A3%A8Gertrude%20Jekyll%A3%A902.png&id=1343614" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%B8%F1%CC%D8%C2%B3%B5%C2%A1%A4%BD%DC%BB%F9%B6%FB%A3%A8Gertrude%20Jekyll%A3%A9.png&id=1343615" style=""/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;">格特鲁德·杰基尔(Gertrude Jekyll)</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:34px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 幼圆;line-height: 150%;color: #4BACC6;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">1 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">简介</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:35px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">沿着蕨类植物小径往前走,在一丛深绿色的苔藓中,生长着一种有趣的植物</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">——</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">小斑叶兰</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">Goodyera</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">repens</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">又名羞叶兰,是</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">一种陆生兰花。人们很容易从它身边走过,因为它那奇特的白色脉状叶一半隐藏在苔藓中,它那淡绿色的穗状花也不显眼;但是,知道它在那里,我每次经过都要跪下来,既要欣赏它的美丽,也要小心地除掉这里那里的一些深苔藓,以确保它的健康,因为它太接近入侵了。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1925)</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">这段简短的引言结合了近距离的观察、沉思和修养,巧妙地刻画了艺术、工艺和哲学的融合,正是这种融合使格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Gertrude</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:3px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">成为</span>20<span style="font-family:幼圆">世纪最具影响力的园林设计师之一。她的花卉组合是她表达对造物主感激之情的主要方式之一,也是她向他人传达自己对创造之力的敬畏之情的主要方式之一。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">杰基尔小姐的父母对艺术和科学都有广泛的兴趣</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">她的母亲在费利克斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">门德尔松 (</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Felix Mendelssohn</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)门下学习音乐,她的父亲是一名天才的长笛演奏家,是一名工程师,对电力和炸药特别感兴趣(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Massingham</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1966<span style="font-family:幼圆">),杰基尔小姐很早就对许多艺术和工艺产生了兴趣,尤其是绘画和园艺。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1861<span style="font-family:幼圆">年</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">她</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在肯辛顿的中央设计学院入学,作为第一批学习绘画的女</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">学</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">生之一,她参加了约翰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">拉斯金(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">John Ruskin</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">牛津大学斯莱德艺术教授)</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">、</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">拉斯金的学生威廉</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">莫里斯(</span>William</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Morris</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,他</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">也于</span>1861<span style="font-family:幼圆">年在布卢姆斯伯里创立了莫里斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">马歇尔和福克纳公司)和理查德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">德莱塞(</span>Richard</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Dresser</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">林奈学会会员和装饰艺术权威)的讲座。杰基尔小姐还听了学校校长理查德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">雷德格雷夫(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Richard Redgrave</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)的讲座,内容是由米歇尔</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">-</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">尤金</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">舍夫罗伊(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">micheli - eugene Chevreuil</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,巴黎皇家戈伯林织锦厂染色部门负责人)提出的色彩构成中和谐的科学原理(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Edwards</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">1995</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">)。</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">拉斯金是约瑟夫</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">马洛德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">威廉</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">特纳</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Joseph Mallord William Turner</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">画作的大力倡导者,他认为特纳是英国最伟大的画家,因此鼓励格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔学习特纳的画作。他的主题材料的戏剧性,特别是他</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">使用</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">色彩来突出戏剧,对杰基尔小姐的艺术产生了深远的影响,特别是对她</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">花园设计,使她特别注意在种植设计中使用花卉色彩。</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔将她在艺术方面的</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">正规</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">训练与对花朵的近距离观察(尽管她的视力很差,而且很痛苦)</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">相结合,并拥有相当高的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">文字大师技巧。在她的第一本书《树林与花园》</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">Wood</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">and</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">garden</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">中,她宣称,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">我既不</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">要求</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">有文学才能,也不</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">要求</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">有植物学知识</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,但很明显,她对文字有着极大的兴趣,并像</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">处理</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">其他艺术家的材料一样努力有效地组合起来。在《森林与花园》之后,她又出版了《家与花园》</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">Home</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">and</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">garden</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">和随后的十几本书,但她对《花园中的色彩》(</span>Colour in the </span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">fl</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">ower garden</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">1908<span style="font-family:幼圆">年)的影响最为深远</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">持久</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">,该书于</span>1914<span style="font-family:幼圆">年以《花园的配色方案》</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">Colour</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">schemes</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">for</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">the</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">flower</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">garden</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">书名</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">重新出版。这</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">汇集了</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">她在园艺生涯中一直在尝试的色彩想法。</span>1881<span style="font-family:幼圆">年,她在萨里郡戈达尔明附近的蒙斯特德</span>·<span style="font-family:幼圆">伍德(</span>Munstead Wood<span style="font-family:幼圆">)获得了</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">6</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">公顷的石楠荒原次生林,就在她家的马路对面。这</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">成为</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">她自己的花园实验室,从</span>1897<span style="font-family:幼圆">年起,她的房子由年轻的建筑师埃德温</span>·<span style="font-family:幼圆">卢廷斯</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Edwin Lutyens</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">设计建造(图</span>1<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/121235bldjfgtdqifz4wj3.png" title="" alt="" width="665" height="473" style="width: 665px; height: 473px;"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>1 <span style="font-family:幼圆">蒙斯特德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">伍德(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Munstead Wood</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">),</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1896 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年。载于埃德温</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">鲁琴斯爵士《房屋和花园》(第 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">3 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">版)第 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">28 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">页,《乡村生活》第 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">13 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">页(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">从她的文字中可以清楚地看出,她非常仔细地观察植物,尽管视力不</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">佳</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,但她能比大多数视力正常的人更准确地</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">观察</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">植物。在《家与花园》一书中,她对酢浆草的描述超过一页纸</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">之多</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">:</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">这朵白色的花有淡淡的</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">淡紫色</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">;当我仔细观察时,我发现这是白色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">底色</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">上</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">有</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">条细密的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">红紫色脉</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">纹</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">……</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">白色不是很白,但就像珍珠最亮的部分一样白。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">……</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">形状精致的花萼涂</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">有</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">淡绿色调,边缘是浅绿色,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">底部</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">和顶端是红紫色,让人想起花瓣的脉络。(三叶草的)每</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">颗</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">小心脏都不会自己折叠起来,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">而是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">每一半都紧紧地</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">贴</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">相邻</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的一半上,所以整个看起来就像一个钝</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">形</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的三翼箭或螺栓头</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1901<span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">在奥地利铜</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">色</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">[</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">蔷薇</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">]</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">中,花瓣内部鲜艳的猩红色覆盖在一层黄色的薄膜上,人们可以剥去红色的表面,看到黄色的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">底色</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">为了获得同样强烈的红色着色</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">品</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">质,画家必须使用完全相同的技巧</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1901<span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">在其他地方,她写道</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">野生鸢尾花弯曲的浆果状的头</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">部</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,像</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">梦幻般</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的龙嘴一样张开,把红色的珠状种子</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">洒落</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在地</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">面</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">上</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">夏侧金盏花</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">舒适地坐落在浓密的茴香状叶</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">丛中</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">石头花(卷耳霞草</span> <span style="font-family:Georgia">Gypsophila cerastiodes</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Acanthophyllum cerastioides)</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">像</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">一团团云</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">雾</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">一样飘散</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在花</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">丛中</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,而</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">花丛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">后面</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">和中间则伸出</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">高大的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">鲑鱼色剑兰</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1899<span style="font-family:幼圆">)(图</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">2</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在她的园艺作品中,经常</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">交叉引用</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">其他艺术和工艺。在白桦树树干的下部,</span>“<span style="font-family:幼圆">树皮颜色较深,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">有厚而极其粗糙</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的直立脊,与上面光滑的白色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">表皮</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">形成强烈对比。在两者连接处,光滑的树皮</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">被垂直</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的斜线</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">劈</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">开,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">深色</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">粗糙的树皮似乎</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">从</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">斜线</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">中隆起</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">让</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">人强烈地想起一些古老的</span>15<span style="font-family:幼圆">世纪德国</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">服饰</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">深色</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">天鹅绒皱褶在白色缎子的斜线中升起。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">在她对蒙斯特德荒</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">野</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的杜松长达六页的描述中,她将其与金属制品进行了类比,因为针</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">叶</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的锡样底面似乎被折叠起来,形成了上表面的苍白</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">浅色</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">边缘。红</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">金鱼</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">草和缬草颜色如此相似,对比</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">鲜明的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">纹理被比作缎子和天鹅绒(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1899<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/121432undki3v44p33zazj.png" title="" alt=""/></p><p><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">2 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">石头花,载于《花圃的色彩方案》第 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">9697 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">页,《乡村生活》,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 幼圆;line-height: 150%;color: #4BACC6;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">2 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">花园里的艺术和工艺</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">值得注意的是,格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Gertrude Jekyll</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)很少使用</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">花园设计</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">一词,她更愿意将自己视为</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">艺术家园丁</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">而不是花园设计师,因为正是通过</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花园</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">工艺的实践,花园作为艺术品才得以演变。例如,在《</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">森林</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">与花园》的第</span> 2 <span style="font-family:幼圆">章中,她写道:</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">冬天的林地是</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">多么</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">美丽啊!今天有一团薄雾</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">刚好足以在三百码外形成</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">一片神秘的淡</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">蓝色背景,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">也足以</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">显示</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">出</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">附近</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">林</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">木的任何缺陷。没有比</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">这更好的一天</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">决定哪些树要砍伐更好的日子了</span>......’</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在吸收了宁静</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的氛围</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">和</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">朦胧的早晨的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">增强</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">视角之</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">后,她召唤了樵夫</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">砍伐了</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">任何</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">种植</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">不当的树木。</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">这种艺术与工艺的融合在主要的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">耐寒花坛(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Hardy Flower Border</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">中尤为明显,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">这</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">是</span> <span style="font-family:幼圆">蒙斯特德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">伍德花园的核心,该</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花坛花坛</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的设计目的是在</span> 7 <span style="font-family:幼圆">月中旬至 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">10 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">月期间处于最佳状态。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">即使</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">是在一个特殊季节,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">......<span style="font-family:幼圆">如果</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">没有各种各样的设计</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">也不能</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">保持</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">完整</span> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">有三种</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">“</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">技术</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">”<span style="font-family:幼圆">是她特别反复使用的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">其中之一</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">就</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">是</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">种植某些特定植物</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在开花的季节</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">隆重登场</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,这些</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">植物</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">可以</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在需要时</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">取代彼此的位置。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">东方罂粟</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">中种植</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">圆锥石头花(</span>Gypsophila paniculata<span style="font-family:幼圆">),</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">这样圆锥石头花可以</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">生长</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">并</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">覆盖</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">早花</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">罂粟垂死的残骸</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">上</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。豆瓣菜属</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Nasturtium</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">种子播种在圆锥石头花的周边,这样当圆锥石头花从白色褪成稻草棕色时,豆瓣菜属就会提供第三个季节的鲜艳色彩。在耐寒</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的其他地方,翠雀属</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Delphinium</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">旦完成</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">开花就被</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">除</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">掉,白色的多年生豌豆长在翠雀属后面的树枝上,然后向前</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">让其</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">覆盖垂死的残骸。然后,</span>Clematis×jackmani</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">铁线莲</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"> <span style="font-family:幼圆">在豌豆上进行训练,在后来的几年里,在蒙斯特德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">伍德花园,添加火焰铁线莲</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Clematis flammula</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)序列种植</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">。这样的</span>“</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">时序</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">”</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">种植</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">需要谨慎管理。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">千万不要以为这些</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">只是</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">一棵接一棵</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">地混</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">和叠加</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在一起,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">这会致使</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">下面的叶</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">片</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">窒息</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">而死</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">这些植物应持续监管</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,一旦</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在除去</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的情况下</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">会</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">变得更好,早期的生长就</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">应主动移除</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">......<span style="font-family:幼圆">不能急于求成</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">......</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">好的园艺意味着耐心和顽强的决心。必定会有很多失败和损失,但只要不断努力,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">就</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">会有成功的回报</span>”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Jekyll</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">, </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">1925 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%BE%ED%B6%FA%CF%BC%B2%DD%20Gypsophila%20cerastiodes%20%28Acanthophyllum%20cerastioides%29.png&id=1343618" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%BE%ED%B6%FA%CF%BC%B2%DD%20Gypsophila%20cerastiodes%20%28Acanthophyllum%20cerastioides%292.png&id=1343619" style=""/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">卷耳霞草 Gypsophila cerastiodes (Acanthophyllum cerastioides)</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">第二种类似的技术涉及将高大的植物向前</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">挪动</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,有时是为了覆盖已经</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">结束</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">展示的早花植物,有时是为了改变</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">整体</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">植物轮廓,或者</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">是为了纠正播种时</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">提供</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">高品种而不是</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">矮</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">品种</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的植物</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。例如,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">柳叶</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">向日葵</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Helianthus salicifolius</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">是多年生向日葵之一,通常被认为不够好,不适合</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">精致</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">园艺。它长得很高,顶端开着一小束黄色的花。如果这就是它所能做的,它就不</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">应出现</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花园的花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。但在它的前面长着像艾菊一样的蓍属</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">植物</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Achillea eupatorium<span style="font-family:幼圆">,在它前面又长着一大群大面积的刺芹属</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">植物</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Eryngium oliverianum</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">整个七月都很</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">美丽</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。当这些花开完时,高大的向日葵就会被修剪</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">就像许多植物一样,这种</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">垂下</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">使它们从每对叶子的腋下吐出花茎</span>;<span style="font-family:幼圆">所以到了九月,整个</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">园地</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">都是一片花开。因此,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">一种</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">几乎不值得</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在花坛占有</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">一席之地的植物,在开花的时候,变成了花园里最亮的装饰之一(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">第三种技术是</span> <span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">移入</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">”</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">drop</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">ing</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"> in</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。在</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">后备地</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">或花盆中保留</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">一定数量的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">植物供应,以便</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">上的任何临时空隙都可以用适当颜色和高度的植物填补。百合、风铃草、</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">金鱼草</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">、玉簪花和许多其他</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">宿根花卉</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">植物都以这种方式</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">种植</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,但绣球花是</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">最常用</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的一种。绣球花淡粉色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">花朵非常适合加强</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">末端的灰色和蓝色,但其明亮的黄绿色叶子与柔和的配色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">搭配格格不入</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">园艺家</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的手艺拯救了她的艺术:</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">我们让</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">绣球花</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">开得如此之好,以至于很少看到叶子,我们尽可能巧妙地安排,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">让</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">其余的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">叶子</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">或多或少被周围的蓝色叶子掩盖</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Jekyll</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/121912v7x4t3vxxrf9309i.png" title="" alt="图3 报春花 (Tooley M, Arnander P. Gertrude Jekyll《业余爱好者生活.png"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">3 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">报春花 。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Tooley M, Arnander P. Gertrude Jekyll</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">《业余爱好者生活随笔》第</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">141</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">页图</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">9.9</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">虽然</span> <span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔小姐</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">并</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">不是</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">集邮</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">意义上的植物</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">收藏家</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,但在她年轻时</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">却</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">是苗圃和花展的常客(作为参展商取得了一些成功)。她是</span> <span style="font-family:幼圆">大罂粟</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Romneya coulteri</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">, </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">1875 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年引入)的早期种植者,被认为是英国第一个</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">种植</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"> <span style="font-family:幼圆">茶花常山</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Carpenteria californica</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的人,为此她于</span> 1888 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年获得了皇家园艺学会</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">颁发</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的一等证书(</span>Tooley<span style="font-family:幼圆">, </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1995a</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)。她还选择并培育了许多植物,包括 金鱼草属</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">antirrhinum</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">、耧斗菜属</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">栽培品种(<span style="font-family:Georgia">A</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">quilegia 'Munstead White'<span style="font-family:幼圆">)、毛地黄(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">'Munstead White'</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)、羽扇豆 (</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">'Munstead Blue'</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">、</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">'Munstead White' </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">和浅紫色 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">'Munstead Beauty'</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)、雾之爱 (黑种草</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Nigella damascena 'Miss Jekyll'<span style="font-family:幼圆">),特别是 </span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">蒙斯特德</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">品种的束花报春花,或多花</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">报春花</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(图</span> 3<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。杰基尔小姐从小就被野生报春花</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">着迷</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">,到</span> 1886 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年她帮助组织了一次报春花会议,她已成为公认的报春花专家。即使在 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1933 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年她去世后的第二年,卡特种子</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Carters' Seeds</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">也</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">很荣幸地分发了杰基尔小姐著名的重新选择的 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">MUNSTEAD </span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">品种</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">.....”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Tooley</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">, </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">1995b<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔早在 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1888 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年艺术和手工艺运动出现之前就是一位工艺美术园丁,并拥有明确的身份和名称。她选择、培育和编织植物以创造所需的效果,将一种植物与另一种植物绣在一起,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">在</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">最需要的地方添加一笔色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">彩</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">将植物植入花坛,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">并通过设计不稳定</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">植物的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">木</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">桩来确保效果得以维持。她采用了</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">漂移</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">这个词来描述她用于</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">中大多数植物的长而流动的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">群</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">组(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">, </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">),她的计划清楚地显示了从背景植物的长笔触到重点植物的短刺色</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">彩</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的绘画过渡:丝兰</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">属(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Yucca</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">、火把莲属</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Kniphofia</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">、美人蕉</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">(<span style="font-family:Georgia">Canna</span>)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">等(</span>Bisgrove<span style="font-family:幼圆">, </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1992</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)(图 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">4</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)。不过,她最令人难忘的是她对色彩和配色方案的运用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #4BACC6; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">3 </span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #4BACC6; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">花园中的色彩</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:9px;margin-right:61px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在色彩</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">运用方面,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">她学到</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">并传授</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的主要</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">经验</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">是和谐的重要性,但同样重要</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的是要</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">注入对比元素以强调和谐。她</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">从</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">画家的训练和经验中,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">了解到</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">色彩感知的</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">相对性</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">和互补色的重要性。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">有</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">一些</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">著名的科学玩具说明了这</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">一规律</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。一个用红色大字印制的简短单词</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">观看</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">了半分钟。然后闭上眼睛,出现同一个单词的图像,但字体是绿色的。在开放式花园中</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">可以</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">许多实验。亮橙色的非洲万寿菊的叶子</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">相当暗淡的绿色。但要</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">仔细观</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">花</span> 30 <span style="font-family:幼圆">秒,然后再看叶子。</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">似乎</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">叶子看起来是亮蓝色的!</span>”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。这种互补色法则最有趣的例子之一发生在她全神贯注地画一匹老灰马</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的时候</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。在画布上仔细</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">地画</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">了一段时间后,她抬起头来,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">惊讶地看到一匹蓝色的马,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">侧腹上</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">有一个</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">很</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">大</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">橙色斑点。</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">这让</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">我</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">大吃一惊,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">永远无法忘记那个颜色奇特的幽灵</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">般</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">震撼</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">。</span>[<span style="font-family:幼圆">谷仓里</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">]</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一块木板上掉下</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">了</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一个结,午后温暖的阳光直</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">射到</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">马的白</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">毛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">上,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">马的白毛被</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">北</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">面</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">大窗户</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">照射</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">发出</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">了</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">蓝色的光芒</span>”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1901 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122026wcgazars8c26428s.png" title="" alt="图4 布拉肯布勒花坛平面图。礁角藏品第 37 号文件.PNG"/></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:11px;margin-bottom:0;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>4 <span style="font-family:幼圆">布拉肯布勒花坛平面图。礁角藏品第 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">37 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">号文件</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">那种</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">颜色奇异的</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">幻影</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">所带来的惊喜在花园配色方案中多次使用。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">也许灰色花园的最佳观赏点是穿过橙色</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">花坛</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。在这里,眼睛被</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">因</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">强烈的红色和黄色填满</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">并达到饱和状态</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">……</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">这种</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">被</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">强烈、丰富的色彩填满眼睛的自然效果</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,会</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">让眼睛热切地渴望互补色,因此,站在紫杉拱门</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">内侧</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,突然转身看向灰色花园,效果令人惊讶</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">非常惊人</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">明亮和</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">耳目一新</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。人们以前从未知道藿香蓟</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">Ageratum</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">、薰衣草</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Lavandula</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">或荆芥</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Nepeta</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">可以如此鲜艳</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">……</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰克曼尼类铁线莲的紫色变得刺眼而明亮,而灰色和灰绿色的叶子看起来奇怪地凉爽和清晰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span></span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:3px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1925 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在蒙斯特德森林,鲁琴斯的北院及其悬垂式画廊上绣满了</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">加拿大</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">铁线莲,并点缀着蕨类植物、玉簪、金字塔风铃草和百合,所有这些植物都有淡淡的鲜绿色叶子,如果开花</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">了</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">,则开着冷白色花朵(图</span> 5<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。其效果是营造出林地空地或长满青苔的洞穴的氛围,为杰基尔小姐痛苦的视力提供一个舒缓的环境。但是,如果没有适当的对比,这种效果很快就会失去影响力并成为常态。坐在庭院的</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">座椅</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">上,人们可以越过建筑师的台阶和水箱,看到装满红色天竺葵、红色钓钟柳、青铜叶美人蕉和其他红色植物的陶土花盆(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Jekyll</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">and</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Weaver</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:3px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">1920 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年)(图 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">6</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)。通过它们的并置,火看起来更热,凉爽的洞穴看起来更凉爽。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122159o7u2bzkeb3uhbal1.png" title="" alt="图5. 蒙斯特德伍德的北苑. 《乡村小别墅花园》,1920年.PNG"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>5. <span style="font-family:幼圆">蒙斯特德伍德的北苑</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">. </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">《乡村小别墅花园》,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1920</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">尽管杰基尔小姐在种植方案中使用了全光谱的颜色,但在</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">蒙</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">斯特德森林和她为</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">其</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">他人设计的</span> 250 <span style="font-family:幼圆">个花园中,有两个反复出现的主题(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Bisgrove</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1992 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。在这两个主题中,特纳的影响都非常明显。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">蒙</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">斯特德森林的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">耐寒花坛</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">是她色彩渐变花坛最精致的例子,从一端的蓝色花朵和灰色叶子,到柔和的粉红色和淡黄色,再到鲜红色、猩红色和橙色,然后再次退去到蓝色和灰色(图</span> 7<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。这与特纳</span>1834 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">10 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">月 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">16 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">日的《</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">燃烧的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">上议院和下议院》的效果相呼应,其中火</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">光中</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的红色、橙色、猩红色和</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">闪烁的</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">白光与夜空冷灰蓝色形成鲜明对比(图</span> 8<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。类似的色彩搭配也出现在他 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1838 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年的《战斗的天军》</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Fighting</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:3px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Téméraire</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">)</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Herrmann<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1975 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)中。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122251g16lgxzlr5l7kl1l.png" title="" alt="图6. 百合花和美人蕉。杰基尔《家与花园》(1901年).PNG"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>6. <span style="font-family:幼圆">百合花和美人蕉。杰基尔《家与花园》(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1901</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">另一个反复出现的主题是淡蓝色、淡黄色和白色。这在特纳的《基督城南景(牛津)》(</span>1799 <span style="font-family:幼圆">年)中已经很明显,但在他的《从多加纳看圣乔治马焦雷(威尼斯)》(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1819 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)(图 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">9</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)和他的《诺勒姆城堡,日出》系列(约 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1840-1845 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)中</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">越来越</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">明显,展示了这些淡色</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">所</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">营造出的空灵、明亮的效果(</span>Herrmann<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1975 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。在</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">蒙</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">斯特德,杰基尔小姐效仿了特纳的做法,在早期球根花卉的花坛上种植蓝色的耧斗菜、紫花地丁和葡萄风信子、蓝白色风信子和雪绿石竹、淡黄色的水仙花和</span> <span style="font-family:幼圆">缬草</span> <span style="font-family:Georgia">‘Aurea’ </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">的鲜黄色叶子,中间穿插着一簇簇蕨类植物,这些蕨类植物后来覆盖了濒死的球根花卉残株,形成了</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">蕨类植物的美景</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Jekyll, 1925 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。同样的想法在她的六月花园中得到了更大规模的运用,花园里种植着蓝色、黄色和白色的羽扇豆和鸢尾花,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">镶边的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">是灰叶石竹和</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">绒毛</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">卷耳(图</span> 10<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。这座花园的彩色插图被用在《乡村小别墅花园》的封</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">套</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">上,这本书是与《乡村生活》的建筑编辑劳伦斯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">韦弗(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Lawrence Weaver</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)合作撰写的,于 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1912 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年首次出版(</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Jekyll and Weaver</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1920 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。没有哪种配色方案能比它更能营造出冬天过后花园里生命复苏的喜悦感。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122401anat0t1zsstj3a30.png" title="" alt="图7. (a) 蒙斯特德森林的主花坛(幻灯片经作者许可)。(b) Jek.png"/></p><p style="margin-top:12px;margin-right:16px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1px;text-indent:0;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>7. (a) <span style="font-family:幼圆">蒙斯特德森林的主花坛(幻灯片经作者许可)。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">(b) Jekyll G</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">《花圃配色方案》蒙斯特德伍德主花坛平面图</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122446xdm8a2w78mvapd7d.png" title="" alt="图8 特纳《燃烧的上议院和下议院》.png"/></p><p><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">8 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">特纳《燃烧的上议院和下议院》</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122521mcty7izappcr8a41.png" title="" alt="图8-1 1838 年的《战斗的天军》(Fighting Téméraire).png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">图8-1 1838 年的《战斗的天军》(Fighting Téméraire)</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122614ux00ff22rmq9021f.png" title="" alt="图9 特纳《威尼斯》 Fig. 9. Turner, Venice.png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>9 <span style="font-family:幼圆">特纳《威尼斯》 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Turner, Venice</span></span></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:32px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">虽然</span> </span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">《色彩方案》(</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">Colour</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:3px;font-size:16px"> </span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">sche</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-0;font-size:16px">mes</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">重点在于色彩</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">,但这并不能否定形式和</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">质感</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的重要性。在《</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">色彩</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">方案》的最后一章中,杰基尔小姐开始说:</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">如果在前面的章节中,我相当坚持地讨论</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">色彩</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的问题,那并不是我低估了形式和比例的同等重要性,而是我认为</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">色彩</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">问题,就其谨慎的使用而言,要</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">么</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">更常被忽视,要</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">么</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">没有那</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">么</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">多</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">人论述</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。值得注意的是,她</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">的</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">色彩方案的书有</span> 120 <span style="font-family:幼圆">张照片,包括她自己的几张照片,除了卷首插画外,其他都是黑白</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;font-size:16px">照片</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122656b5whh6v6bnvr0hbu.png" title="" alt="0 花园的色彩方案.png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">花园的色彩方案</span></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></p><p style="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1px;text-autospace:none;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #4BACC6; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">4 </span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #4BACC6; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">创造力和创造</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">在英国变幻莫测的天气条件下,随着时间的推移平衡色彩、形态和纹理并非易事。格特鲁德</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">杰基尔终其一生都在追求完美,但她知道完美是永远不可能实现的。</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">不要让任何人因为要学多少东西而气馁。回顾近 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">30 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年的园艺生涯</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">......</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">在</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">我</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">的记忆</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">中没有</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">哪</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一部分不是充满快乐和鼓励的。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">...</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">…</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">每</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">迈出</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">新的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">一</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">步都变得更</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">舒适</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一点,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">每</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">次</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">新的把握都变得更</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">坚定</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一点,直到一点一点地</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">掌握了智慧</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">组合的力量,这是我们最接近创造</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">力</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">的</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">最接近</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的东西</span>”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Jekyll<span style="font-family:幼圆">,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1899 </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:33px;text-autospace:none;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">在这一点上,她</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">与其</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">另一位</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">启蒙者</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">约翰</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">·</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">罗斯金 (</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">John Ruskin</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">)的</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">思想不谋而合。</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">罗斯金以更加突兀和咄咄逼人的语气宣称,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">构图最好定义为</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">其他</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">一切事物</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">对</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">画面中</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">所有事务</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的帮助</span>......<span style="font-family:幼圆">因此,</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">生命</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">的另一个名字是帮助</span>”<span style="font-family:幼圆">(</span>Landow</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">,</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px"> 1993<span style="font-family:幼圆">)。然而,由于她对科学和园林艺术的兴趣,她没有重复罗斯金随后的强烈推论,即在绘画或社会中缺乏帮助</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">或者被分析科学家撕裂,</span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;line-height:150%;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:0;font-size:16px">这都</span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #231F20; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">是死亡。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122819vp9fwfw9fyvwq9il.png" title="" alt="图10 鸢尾花和羽扇豆,Jekyll G, Weaver L. Gardens for small country hous.png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#231F20;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">图</span>10 <span style="font-family:幼圆">鸢尾花和羽扇豆,</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Jekyll G, Weaver L. Gardens for small country houses, 4th edn., Country Life, 1920</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122858tfbnof87nn8oftfv.png" title="" alt="宏伟的萨里庄园.png"/><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">宏伟的萨里庄园</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122919cgdh2h7od4ndh87d.png" title="" alt="花园露台雕塑.png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">花园露台雕塑</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/122945h2zrryjuha1iiy87.png" title="" alt="苏塞克斯的都铎王朝豪宅.png"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; text-wrap: nowrap;">苏塞克斯的都铎王朝豪宅</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/123012s8xtu8rdev3wjwev.png" title="" alt="微信截图_20241017120102.png"/></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202410/17/123040j0r2ib4q4yn4d51h.png" title="" alt="夏侧金盏花Adonis aestivalis.png"/></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">夏侧金盏花Adonis aestivalis</span><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"><span style="text-wrap: nowrap;"></span></span></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;">拓展阅读:</span><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px;">Bisgrove</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 14px;"> R(<span style="font-family:Georgia">2013</span>)<span style="font-family:Georgia">The colour of creation: Gertrude Jekyll and the art of flowers. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 </span>(<span style="font-family:Georgia">18</span>):<span style="font-family:Georgia">5783-5789. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm070</span></span></p><p><span style="text-wrap: nowrap; font-size: 14px;"></span></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权,同时请注明本文来自廖景平科学网博客。<br />链接地址:</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1455711.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1455711.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇:<a href='blog-38998-1455211.html' target='_black'>植物园领导者|植物学暗物质揭示科学未知的植物多样性</a><br />下一篇:<a href='blog-38998-1457115.html' target='_black'>我最喜欢的开花图片|两性霉草非凡的由内向外花朵</a> <!--大赛结束--> </div> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr></tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> function errorhandle_clickhandle(message, values) { if(values['id']) { showCreditPrompt(); show_click(values['idtype'], values['id'], values['clickid']); } } </script> </div> <div class="o cl"> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <!--<script src="/static/js/share.js" type="text/javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>--> <div id="shareblog"></div> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=favorite&type=blog&id=1455711&spaceuid=38998&handlekey=favoritebloghk_1455711" id="a_favorite" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" class="oshr ofav">收藏</a> <!--a href="home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=share&type=blog&id=1455711&handlekey=sharebloghk_1455711" id="a_share" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);" class="oshr">分享</a--> IP: 124.16.9.*<span class="pipe">|</span> <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=blog&blogid=1455711&op=edithot&handlekey=bloghothk_1455711" id="blog_hot_1455711" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href, 'get', 0);">热度</a><span class="pipe">|</span> <!--<a href="javascript:;" onclick="showWindow('miscreport1455711', 'misc.php?mod=report&rtype=blog&rid=1455711', 'get', -1);return false;">举报</a>--> </div> </div> <div class="ct_vw cl"> <!--<div class="ct_vw_sd">作者的其他博文和热门博文的原始位置,移动到了右侧</div>--> <div><!--最初的左侧的样式: class="ct_vw_mn" --> <div id="div_main_content" class="mbm"> <!-- [增加博主推荐他人博文 2010-7-14--> <h4 class="bbs pbn"> <span><label>当前推荐数:</label><font color="#FF0000" id="recommendcount">6</font> <label style="margin-left:10px;" id="recommendtag">推荐人:</label> <span id="recommendbody"> <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=254303" style="margin-right:5px; 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