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Manitoba History - Manitoba Historical Society
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class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_146638-7f inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_e4cd21-62 alignfull has-clay-green-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_4b73ca-82 inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"></div></div> </div></div> <div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id_9fc7c7-52 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_70a193-dc inner-column-1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><h1 class="wp-block-heading is-style-serif has-white-color has-text-color" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:400">Manitoba <br>History</h1> <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color"><em>Manitoba History</em> (ISSN 0226-5044) published peer-reviewed scholarly, feature-length articles as well as shorter, popular articles, documentary selections, essays, pictorial essays, and reviews relating to the social, economic, political, intellectual, and cultural history of Manitoba and the Canadian West. Published from 1980 to 2019, <em>Manitoba History</em> replaced the Society鈥檚 previous publications <a href="https://mhs.ca/research-archives/transactions" data-type="page" data-id="265">Transactions</a> and <a href="https://mhs.ca/research-archives/manitoba-pageant" data-type="page" data-id="324">Manitoba Pageant</a>.</p> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color">In 2020, <em>Manitoba History</em> was replaced by <a href="https://mhs.ca/prairie-history"><em>Prairie History</em></a>.</p> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color">Click on the cover of an issue shown below for its table of contents. The full contents of most articles are online.</p></div></div> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column_80d217-e2 inner-column-2"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="776" src="https://mhs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh90cover.jpg" alt="Manitoba History Issue 90" class="wp-image-5724" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh90cover.jpg 600w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh90cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh90cover-232x300.jpg 232w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></figure></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="mb-history-wrap"> <div class="mb-history-filters"> <select> <option value="mb-history-item">FILTER BY YEAR</option> <option class="2019">2019</option> <option class="2018">2018</option> <option class="2017">2017</option> <option class="2016">2016</option> <option class="2015">2015</option> <option class="2014">2014</option> <option class="2013">2013</option> <option class="1990">1990</option> <option class="1982">1982</option> <option class="1981">1981</option> </select> </div> <div class="mb-history-items"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/90/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall 2019"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh90cover-232x300.jpg" alt="Manitoba History Issue 90" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 90</b><br/> Fall 2019</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/89/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Spring 2019"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh89cover-232x300.jpg" alt="Manitoba History - Issue 89 cover" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 89</b><br/> Spring 2019</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/88/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Winter 2018"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh88cover-232x300.jpg" alt="Manitoba History - Issue 88 cover" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 88</b><br/> Winter 2018</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/87/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Summer 2018"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mh87cover-232x300.jpg" alt="Manitoba History - Issue 87 cover" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 87</b><br/> Summer 2018</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/86/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Spring 2018"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/mb-history-86.jpeg" alt="Manitoba History - No. 86 cover" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 86</b><br/> Spring 2018</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/85/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall 2017"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-fall-2017-no-85.jpeg" alt="Manitoba History: Number 85, Fall 2017" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 85</b><br/> Fall 2017</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/84/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Summer 2017"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-summer-2017-no-84.jpeg" alt="Issue No. 84, Summer 2017." /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 84</b><br/> Summer 2017</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/83/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Spring 2017"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-spring-2017-no-83.jpeg" alt="Issue No. 83 Spring 2017" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 83</b><br/> Spring 2017</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/82/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall 2016"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-fall-2016-no-82.jpeg" alt="Fall 2016 Issue No. 82" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 82</b><br/> Fall 2016</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/81/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Summer 2016"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-summer-2016-no-81.jpeg" alt="Summer 2016 Issue No. 81" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 81</b><br/> Summer 2016</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/80/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Spring 2016"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-spring-2016-no-80.jpeg" alt="Spring 2016 Issue No. 80." /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 80</b><br/> Spring 2016</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/79/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall 2015"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-fall-2015-no-79.jpeg" alt="Fall 2015 Issue No. 79." /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 79</b><br/> Fall 2015</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/78/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Summer 2015"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/mbh-summer-2015-no-78.jpeg" alt="Summer 2015 No. 78" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 78</b><br/> Summer 2015</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/77/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Winter 2015"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/no-77-winter-2015.jpeg" alt="Issue No. 77 Winter 2015" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 77</b><br/> Winter 2015</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/76/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall 2014"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/no-76-fall-2014.jpeg" alt="Number 76, Fall 2014" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 76</b><br/> Fall 2014</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/75/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Summer 2014"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/no-75-summer-2014.jpeg" alt="Number 75, Summer 2014" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 75</b><br/> Summer 2014</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/74/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Winter 2014"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/no-74-winter-2014.jpeg" alt="Tremblay School No. 707" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 74</b><br/> Winter 2014</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/73/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color "> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/no-73-fall-2013.jpeg" alt="Manitoba History: Number 73, Fall 2013" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 73</b><br/> </p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/72/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color "> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/no-72-summer-2013.jpeg" alt="Manitoba History: Number 72, Spring-Summer 2013" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 72</b><br/> </p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/71/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Winter 2013"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/no-71-winter-2013.jpeg" alt="Manitoba History: Number 71, Winter 2013" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 71</b><br/> Winter 2013</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/20/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Autumn"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/issue20.jpeg" alt="manitoba history issue 20 cover" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 20</b><br/> Autumn</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/4/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mbhistory-issue4.jpeg" alt="manitoba history - issue 4 1890" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 4</b><br/> Fall</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/history-issue/1/"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color Fall"> <img decoding="async" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/history1.jpeg" alt="Sunrise at Gladstone, Spring 1971 by Bill Hicks" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Number 1</b><br/> Fall</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-367 --> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> <div style="display: none;"> <div id="member_prompt"> <style>#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var( --global-kb-row-default-top, 25px );padding-bottom:var( --global-kb-row-default-bottom, 25px );padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}#kt-layout-id_acfb3e-86 > 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