CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6e9d29ebe40b6',cH: '8cApFo2BCwaLlod1nSvP2GDpAxo_uFiWeZGbzGyw7dY-1741317169-1.2.1.1-JbcD605NvxM7oiBKrjLCU7a5GDeuV4wVanfjLsXjNpNZ7kLiNIDd3FR1NeHweAtO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=randomly%20rough%20surface&__cf_chl_tk=UKmCJ7jzTyABiVpKWxiXXlggm84E9GILUDQPdiXOTWY-1741317169-1.0.1.1-Fz3vq6GCCyiD2YTjVimtJMW39Zk9XHILlk3YHPKOs4U",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741317169',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=randomly%20rough%20surface&__cf_chl_f_tk=UKmCJ7jzTyABiVpKWxiXXlggm84E9GILUDQPdiXOTWY-1741317169-1.0.1.1-Fz3vq6GCCyiD2YTjVimtJMW39Zk9XHILlk3YHPKOs4U",md: "BYMmnR5qQWHtOePfMNNPabBGNJr72epKz0A2OofXocM-1741317169-1.2.1.1-h16v2mhENBVmhs8XbF8Ox35iucrmIQApRpWxV4pqUCHE6OUbkPn3DD7MgeDMOTN1hsRQY1mo1VHh6yeEuhcAIN9vWgnjCXPvDbtK9AU7Awt0gqlsD5Kngk2QvOFs0ZRW0z6JuO_wFtKTq7AsZ1nQkaJP5e7p4rIlPjjEnaV_wgTSZ67etW_WIhS8HKg3ILDmlbp3DZ8x2ZWfYwVKfiXvMIiqHj2Uk1WYnvILywy8GsMQd7L58WePNTfN0Yx3XKqsD6HtaumRG.2qsV0S0oen_g5RL3MiPU4uLBqWU3K_42tDLg8VsIiAzpwL59GcdX_fyBwTRO8WznUdlGDoVDPCfXPAa9DIkm19VUkGHrJT7iKJ3tXzhJVBP1bLFBWBUKb3ylZWDv8vaLfiw7pC9jBSJo7uvIfqfha7Gd1Knav7AFnOPQmZ5HaotJ6SW8HGSLPCqy5HlzVF7RhZJAGKo965LUSiqMlGYzQp2ogCAZ0bTLW5LMAWl9xJiAJooZdZhJcmRRbdHVMaeGGcm5j8eGCGdslKsvK09EVnGkzUiq93uLZm9kj9tgFdV5Qq6HxowvZLBOStTuh5Jtwtzx4WX0rJQtbw6dLFCSO_UdopXR6Mm9dPw_..alUGUdJfQSdp_8y49DIACe3K4JwS_OMpAmq3MNI_KIQ3jNsTXxluS4RWRkYgtf5Gioq7N6RFAFg12BD2e7KPqxNwuRQk9fe6Zp5Mm_g2fnU4Ztj5NQLJQmYwVCz6PkoJgf8PuNi2C3fzp5RkwCeCh6I6DChRmPinUo2SPzw6pquiVeNtYA2qqm6ZyGpZfFTkR7BjLSKZ5I2StoKGpKsr0BSLMJaCRJxiBkzWF7XiLDqFVhii9nusVentiuI3QQDpehwiKd1a6PFJ0NVmnc5wl4iwx3zVGn6.6AdNljE7AYviLKVV2AIpjKoaRUF9vINsY0CBNHSPVtG6Vpfx0UpcV7ddVn.Y8x_oriruF8bu5aCcsta7mHq4SfYo8t58gSO0FMErOhwXULQ9zwtL2bFyGt5uGDQTx7jNnv009dRBn_SArSskVf_hZJStMdLaPg6gko3ex1fqRoP5nJPOnV2_G.6GAzPI_GbqKbzivvF0k92kVttxRa9.sEykOYEZ_QuG2AJVKmXiqkZmcy9OCFQ3VYdq4uvY5TGhj.6lVdGhkMk1woYhL_EHyPUYX7qMLQxzaPnYd_HIThAWq2.uV1tTCQm9cNu9gNWQuCU418tYVo4kuhNJO3esFLwGlOrvE7wHO30gr4prOcka0ZNLY0DYTC2e2.DmZaRG4IDsHbqYGSxxF0ZUQ0uGBa3mXio",mdrd: "a.CI5F7wrWLI0FdlrXBLNJEpR_cnTVVDNScZwV8cpM4-1741317169-1.2.1.1-6CMRtmJwyUHsZv6.ivgp_aCF0AaZBe8gt6smtFrz.RodfQhULEZUFIsbI6Ya_od_v2VoZ_A0W2hV2pA4_2eYChPd2Rmh1ZUPNbgZC.mCdz0sKHMVkPuibJVwMqpooZl87M7fRI0DfXskRwmQlDm_BGj32Ksa.cO7xQTu61gHSDTp0zZrzG8NOHwvRm.sz9n5olE2iuMGYjUT9YyNWXIvzu8vNwZsaLAnsmPtMI_IU9g1XZZc8E7S4ukBd3Ve4ywqBA0N42sfFvUDmyysti5wVbJ1R8vEHxWRooHOHFvhOQXCaEn_cLD52zKsvGNDw0YVRHHMk8Q42SLcVZp_cnDueDwuK2SiYtFnFtZRugATUPhVuJNgbwWnLxYBPJi_PFaRzbVWxWHkbPJ8FFZsOC_niujUZkUSCYzmhNsE4xWD_wWr41AN13EYImuu7dOmB.KuIOcxDzdXrWuTCbfbVsz0LUTF9zHT7ftFxDTwPg5CM1.9KszYd1XhNaqS1SekGGuFSCmVDIyFHnjYLCs4d7I_P50xs.sW2KsIR0kaeVRU3MKUZbtBfHq7CLD.hbBr8bfVxqSkk.ONaBuc8E4zFCFowICOP7l.BVv2n_AKOMPkVZ1.BPWgFnkokriRXKDUCaRYz4Ru9So6SSRK_MEHZADiZmNSSBJSpjd0R4YH6lM2FWnftOniwkYa4fs1mYg6LNHYxxFNwoeWjhMJ6XRpgBhHIRhhdNjwhGAnD6ZIeA8efJFfV.S3RAH.yvuL7OcTyPhBKpYdeOSKjZvSEaA6v13AZ0UFmiqZPRoI8v_oE288llmhzEdMheaC5QH0JPOkEWfN.AUHKX7ak9iZJX.Hd2.hWaYMxfPD.th6UDEJx9wG9_oXslHV0zoa0dqXZOwdJslTrn9krQm2fEocIMqM.xRk0c_Dsgvk6XwvkAQ8znwYiB6fQeec_LVrill9midaz.u_IL9Kle2DOiBFn0K3pe5d1c.4d3pXqyS88Zhwf097xU2Stjs52rnrOjhYqxIQsSmVjl3kVB7TG8BsSA6yt6R_qKjp6aZxxYazEUNPzLjrxx3ULXXbHz50Y1x.cfhdGt7Wo1RttOxlVEW_Alr1gamF7M0YzEWloGClVb5bh__NaMVL4PzivokjmfvfX6AEBziwa5xG7T8vymI37HISQSu.2Ob0u7vqFhPzFLS0_3eQndVyal02SmAyA6aN0XSyfUH3v.Jy8hJcGGc4ZNDWettzedq8QcPge8WMI_LXmzQ4YoXAErB2dwHitsGnaL45ldYYsksWWfUThQadbq8Nq7PHvXOhfl5FJaZUq83uC2H150v_xzDb85Fh6HDYujVlwTZbewitjtCX.eqAY1M0T68srbvWTXYxXRnpt_FIRoMf0xlTHTr16naJjnIr8jZjl6OKW5i8MsHHUGODLUAhjgT4Z3vR4UhQ0JOpkCxugDLxD3UNuYJ__FGpMIEXJMKiyUwzg44EvOoq_3vJHA2Vq_YKdfMzCoQrqRwCxZ656J8mf0rLfk4kOhlL1AV4n37y4KnCdj6PGEwG7C5rQMcdbghZN8s4uUvabU3BkR3QHNXag8bwm4VTwp67L6FlKLyLb_PXuOEsCfPds6tp2Gusum5elLBEQ8.NCqJVidyHcQfGPqK3HvrxMvhNuWR9PzJobe4ozr4bOrI2ojx8SGOb3xPMcC3_yAFV8ocOcvw.Kjzq8EgJX8BKNsoDaaTelUc3.0blJFt2HVhIf8wUwORRJ5zJWGnIFipLXBc2puCzkroae3lREcer43qecQrqbl6U42xEpzskDru5971.2QM49jw_vnatp7psM54HmbuDOnXSVQXmiz_iJ0HuMJl911VUDzf4fmVfvLWowHesy5Q37WQyr24DXYrxt3n0na6lSaeyFRx7rhiapJQL7fw4_2vuFLW8CZdA5sFbs4JTthc6O.9bWTK9BVVSkKhbVzyuQpV7GowSx1fDs5X0P5QirHAKLHKj2Jksc6O3quGIilCUmYqqYw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6e9d29ebe40b6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=randomly%20rough%20surface&__cf_chl_rt_tk=UKmCJ7jzTyABiVpKWxiXXlggm84E9GILUDQPdiXOTWY-1741317169-1.0.1.1-Fz3vq6GCCyiD2YTjVimtJMW39Zk9XHILlk3YHPKOs4U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>